{"text": "Do you have pain, numbness, or a “pins and needles” sensation in one or both of your hands? Do your fingers feel swollen? Do you notice weakness when gripping objects with one or both of your hands? If you answered “yes” to any one of these questions, it is possible that you may be suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome.\nIt is estimated that 1 to 3 persons per 1,000 per year experience carpal tunnel syndrome. This condition is the result of compression of the median nerve as it travels through the carpal tunnel of the wrist. There are several causes for carpal tunnel syndrome, including:\n- Frequent repetitive motion involving fine motor skills, such as typing or manipulating small tools\n- Frequent repetitive grasping movements. This can come from sports or a job that requires repetitive use of the hands to perform physical tasks\n- Arthritis, whether osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis\n- Hormonal changes, such as pregnancy, menopause, or thyroid problems\n- Blood sugar fluctuations, as seen in diabetes\n- Wrist injuries\n- Misalignment of one or more of the wrist (carpal) bones\nThe most common symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome are:\n- Loss of grip strength\n- Pain or numbness in the hand, particularly in the thumb, index finger, and middle finger\n- “Pins and needles” sensation in these fingers\n- These fingers also may feel like they are swollen\n- Pain or numbness that is commonly worse at night and interferes with sleep\nThe best way to diagnose if you have carpal tunnel syndrome is with electrodiagnostic tests, such as nerve conduction velocity (NCV) testing. This test measures how fast the affected nerve transmits signals.\nThere are treatment options available if you do have carpal tunnel syndrome including splints, exercises, changing your worksite, anti-inflammatory medications, and in the worst case there is surgery. However, one frequently overlooked treatment is chiropractic care. Chiropractic treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome may include adjusting the affected wrist to restore normal alignment of the carpal bones to remove pressure on the median nerve. It may also consist of gentle wrist traction or even deep tissue laser therapy.\nIt is important to bear in mind that there are other conditions that may mimic the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. One of these conditions is misalignment (known as subluxation) of one or more of the bones in the neck. This can put pressure on the nerves as they leave the spine, creating similar symptoms to carpal tunnel syndrome. Another condition is a bulging disc in the neck putting pressure on the nerve root. If this is the cause of your symptoms, no splint, wrist exercise, or wrist surgery will ever correct the problem. This is where chiropractic care really shines at correcting the underlying problem that is causing your condition.\nChiropractic care for these conditions is likely to consist of spinal adjustments to correct the misalignments and relieve pressure on the nerve roots. Spinal decompression may also be used to take the pressure off the discs and nerves. Postural rehabilitation exercises may be utilized to reduce abnormal postural stresses and to strengthen the muscles that support the spine. Another treatment modality that some chiropractors will use is deep tissue laser therapy to decrease pain, decrease inflammation, and accelerate the healing of the involved tissues.\nIf you suffer from any of the symptoms associated with carpal tunnel syndrome, it is important to determine the underlying cause, so you receive the proper treatment.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "As the prevalence of sleep apnea continues to rise, the demand for effective treatments has never been higher. Among the most popular treatments for sleep apnea is Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy. However, a shortage of CPAP devices across the United States has left many without access to this crucial treatment.\nFortunately, there are alternative treatments available at the Sleep Center of Littleton, a leading snoring and sleep apnea center in Colorado. Learn what’s causing the CPAP shortage and the effective alternatives to CPAP that you can turn to, and then schedule a complimentary consultation with us today.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "mRNA vaccine inventor-turned-truth teller Dr. Robert Malone just revealed how Anthem Medicaid was incentivizing doctors to push the dangerous COVID-19 vaccines by promising $50 for every Anthem member aged 5 years and older who got jabbed by Dec. 31, 2022.\nSo what if 13 million people died worldwide from the vaccines? So what if millions more were vaccine-injured? The federal government was dishing out taxpayer money for every vaccine administered to Anthem members!\nThis post was created with our nice and easy submission form. Create your post!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Moon's easy and breathable sleep positioner is made of bamboo fabric to provide maximum support to help your toddler sleep comfortably. This item is made with low density memory foam to cradle the baby's head delicately as to prevent any chances of flat head syndrome (result of baby's head resting on a firm surface for long hours).\n- The tapered wedge shape is designed to help the baby breathe more easily, and to improve digestion and reduce reflux.\n- J4The airflow treated open-cell memory foam absorbs and distributes weight evenly.\n- The detachable positioning allows the product to fit\nProduct Dimensions: 66 x 44 x 12 cm\nGuaranteed Safe Checkout", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Babies may projectile vomit occasionally, but if it happens after every feed, see your doctor right away as it may be due to a blockage caused by thickening of the muscle at the outlet of the stomach.\nCan overfeeding a baby cause projectile vomiting?\nForceful or projectile vomiting, though, or spitting up large amounts of milk after most feedings, can be a sign of a problem. In formula-fed babies, vomiting may happen after overfeeding, or because of an intolerance to formula.\nWhy does my newborn projectile vomit?\nProjectile vomiting is when spit-up or vomit forcefully flies out of a baby’s mouth. If your baby begins projectile vomiting, contact your doctor immediately. It could be a sign of pyloric stenosis, which is a common condition in young infants.\nShould I feed my newborn after projectile vomiting?\nOffer your baby a feeding after they’ve stopped throwing up. If your baby is hungry and takes to the bottle or breast after vomiting, go right ahead and feed them. Liquid feeding after vomiting can sometimes even help settle your baby’s nausea. Start with small amounts of milk and wait to see if they vomit again.\nWhen should I be concerned about my baby vomiting?\nSee your baby’s pediatrician if your baby has vomiting for longer than 12 hours. Babies can get dehydrated quickly if they’re vomiting. Get immediate medical attention if your baby is vomiting and has other symptoms and signs like: diarrhea.\nIs it normal for my 2 week old to projectile vomit?\nProjectile vomiting after a feeding is a hallmark symptom of a condition called pyloric stenosis, which usually starts a few weeks after birth. If your baby is vomiting forcefully, call his doctor right away. Babies who can’t keep food down need help quickly to avoid dehydration, weight loss, and other complications.\nWhat does projectile vomit mean?\nProjectile vomiting is a type of severe vomiting in which stomach contents can be forcefully propelled several feet away from you. It usually comes in shorter, more violent bursts than other types of vomiting.\nHow much vomit is normal for a newborn?\nBaby vomiting after feeding\nOnce your baby is taking larger volumes of milk, it is very normal for her to vomit, or ‘regurgitate’, part of the milk around feed time. (However, some babies do not vomit much until they are about 2 to 3 months old.) Your baby may vomit a lot, or only on occasions.\nCan babies choke on vomit while sleeping?\nMyth: Babies who sleep on their backs will choke if they spit up or vomit during sleep. Fact: Babies automatically cough up or swallow fluid that they spit up or vomit—it’s a reflex to keep the airway clear. Studies show no increase in the number of deaths from choking among babies who sleep on their backs.\nHow do I get my baby to stop throwing up after feeding?\nRemedies for Spitty Babies\n- Avoid overfeeding. Like a gas tank, fill baby’s stomach it too full (or too fast) and it’s going to spurt right back out at you. …\n- Burp your baby more frequently. …\n- Limit active play after meals and hold your baby upright. …\n- Consider the formula. …\n- Try a little oatmeal.\n9 апр. 2019 г.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We were delighted to partner with the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) to provide the opportunity for young eye doctors and medical students based in Ireland to travel to the USA and undertake exciting retinal imaging research over the summer.\nThe International Scholars in Retinal Imaging program at the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) is designed to give promising young clinician scientists a unique experience whereby they acquire specialised knowledge and skills in retinal imaging.\nIn particular, this program provides exposure to a revolutionising technique called Adaptive Optics (AO). This allows for the non-invasive visualisation of some of the smallest human structures in the living retina such as light sensitive rod and cone photoreceptors. In fact, AO is fast becoming a tool which will play a key role in the diagnosis, management and treatment of eye diseases such as inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs).\nTarget 5000 Clinical Fellow Dr Niamh Wynne, who is based at the Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital (RVEEH) Research Foundation in Dublin, spent three months working under the supervision of Prof Joseph Carroll at the Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science’s Advanced Ocular Imaging Program (AOIP) in MCW.\nComplimenting her time in Target 5000 clinics whereby she played a key role in the recruitment and clinical assessment of IRD patients, Dr Wynne was trained in the use of use of adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO). Building on this, she subsequently used a variety of imaging technologies to examine patients with IRDs and gain a greater understanding of these conditions.\nIn addition, Niamh studied how variation in a gene called tyrosinase can impact the development of the human fovea, an area located in the macula responsible for central vision. Mutations in the tyrosinase gene can also cause a form of albinism. Dr. Wynne will be presenting some of her results at the Retina 2019 Scientific Programme which takes place on Friday, November 15, 2019 at the Davenport Hotel, Dublin 2.\nAmy Ward, a medical student at University College Dublin also undertook an internship over the Summer at MCW. Again under the supervision of Prof Carroll, Amy worked on a project examining retinal structure in patients with high myopia and colour blindness (Bornholm Eye Disease).\nAs the prevalence of myopia is growing worldwide, studies like these can inform as to the mechanisms underlying the development of the disease. Amy will also be presenting her work at Retina 2019 Public Engagement Day.\nAdaptive Optics (AO) holds huge potential to increase our understanding of retinal degenerations, how they progress over time and even how individual cells may respond to treatment. This level of imaging is expected to be very important in the characterisation of patients with retinal disease ahead of clinical trials.\nAs such, it is of great importance to Fighting Blindness to support the development of adaptive optics expertise in Ireland. A critical aspect to this effort is the training of the next generation of clinician scientists so that they may apply it in their future careers here in Ireland.\nWe would like to thank Prof Carroll and all the staff at MCW for their efforts in establishing this partnership.\nPhoto:(l – r: Dr Niamh Wynne, Amy Ward, Prof Joseph Carroll)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Fungal infections are spreading through hospitals across New York at an alarming rate.\nA particularly nasty strain of fungal infection has been spreading across hospitals throughout New York and New Jersey, sickening patients and frustrating public health authorities. Infections of Candida Auris, a common fungus, first appeared in Japan back in 2009, and traveled to three continents since then. Cases started appearing in the U.S. last year, and since that time, nearly 100 patients have acquired them. The majority of the infections - over 85 percent - are concentrated in New York and New Jersey facilities.\nUnlike traditional yeast and fungal infections, though, C. Auris (as its commonly known), is particularly hard to eradicate because it is resistant to most of the widely used anti-fungal medications. It spreads rapidly through the body and bloodstream, often introduced through vein catheters placed after surgery and during long-term convalescence. These patients are already at risk because their immune systems are compromised. Add in a virulent strain of infection that has the ability to kill about half the people who contract it, and their bodies can be overwhelmed.\nEven if hospitals follow proper cleanliness and disinfection protocols, it is possible for C. Auris and other infections to spread from patient to patient. They are sometimes spread through equipment like endoscopes (a major outbreak of endoscope-spread superbugs affected hospitals across the West Coast several years ago), by staffers who pick up spores on their clothes while attending patients, through ventilation systems and by other means.\nThe U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cautions hospitals and medical facilities to actively take steps to prevent hospital-acquired infections, particularly among patients in intensive care units and long-term convalescence. It is important for patients to understand the potential risks and symptoms; the earliest possible treatment for a hospital-acquired infection is key to the best chance of recovery.\nAs you can see, the circumstances in which you can contract fungal or viral infections in a hospital setting are numerous. If the facility doesn't take infection prevention protocols seriously, infections are likely. This can be a tell-tale sign of medical malpractice or lax system-wide cleanliness procedures.\nIf you or someone you love has suffered a serious infection while hospitalized, you may have a legal claim. Contact an experienced medical negligence attorney like those at the New York City law firm of Rosenberg, Minc, Falkoff & Wolff, LLP. They've successfully helped thousands of injured clients collect compensation. Call them toll free today at 212-344-1000 or contact them online to schedule a free consultation.\n|$15 Million - Jury Award for Brain Injury|\n|$15 Million - Neurosurgical Brain Injury|\n|$10.5 Million - Injured Infant Brain Damage|\n|$9 Million - Brain Injured Baby Settlement|\n|$7.75 Million - Settlement Injury To A Child|\n|$7.5 Million - Injured Construction Worker Settlement|\n|$7.25 Million - Intersection Accident Settlement NYC|\n|$5.5 Million - Bus Accident Award|\n|$5.5 Million - Injured Child|\n|$5.5 Million - Blinded Woman|\n|$5.45 Million - Injured Child|\n|$5.4 Million - Construction Burn Victim|\n|$5.1 Million - Motorcycle Victim|\n|$5 Million - Construction Worker Back Injury|\n|$5 Million - Eye Surgery|\n|$4.5 Million - Failure to Perform C-Section|\n|$4.5 Million - Personal Injury Settlement|\n|$4.4 Million - Failure to Diagnose Infection|\n|$4.125 Million - Failure to Diagnose Quadriplegia|\n|$4.0 Million - NYC Hospital Negligence Birth Injury|\n|$3.8 Million - Electrician|\n|$3.75 Million - Hospital Negligence Sepsis|\n|$3.7 Million - Birth Injury Infant Stroke|\n|$3.5 Million - Faulty Freight Elevator Fall|\n|$3.4 Million - Surgical Error Bronxville Hospital|\n|$3.28 Million - Eye Surgery Case|\n|$3.15 Million - Settlement for a Brooklyn Laborer|\n|$3.1 Million - Verdict Returned by NY Jury|\n|$3.1 Million - Awarded by Brooklyn Jurors|\n|$3 Million - Birth Injury Development Delays|\n|$3 Million - Settlement Scaffold Injury Hudson Yard|\n|$3 Million - Hot Water Burn Death|\n|$2.6 Million - Surgical Error Premature Death|\n|$2.5 Million - Construction Concrete Worker Settlement|\n|$2.5 Million - Hospital Malpractice Toddler Hemiplegia|\n|$2.4 Million - Failure to Diagnose Lead to Paralysis|\n|$2.3 Million - Birth Injury Brain Damage|\n|$2.1 Million - Hospital Negligence Birth Injury|\n|$2.1 Million - Failure to Diagnose Stroke|\n|$2.1 Million - Surgical Error Paraplegic|\n|$2.1 Million - Injured Worker|\n|$2 Million - Hospital Negligence Permanent Injury|\n|$2 Million - Malpractice Settlement Delay in Delivery|\n|$2 Million - Verdict against Hospital|\n|$1.8 Million - Failure to Diagnose Tumor|\n|$1.75 Million - Diagnosing Prostate Cancer|\n|$1.5 Million - Prostate Procedure Malpractice|\n|$1.5 Million - Delay in Treatment - Nerve Damage|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Reports of deaths related to the new coronavirus continue to slow in Colorado, with state health officials for the second straight day announcing no new fatalities tied directly to COVID-19 and only two additional deaths of people who had contracted the virus.\nDeaths announced by Colorado’s Department of Public Health and Environment each day have not necessarily occurred in the last 24 hours, as there can be a lag of days or even weeks in reporting them to the state — particularly when it comes to those whose death certificates show they died from the COVID-19 respiratory disease.\nOverall, coronavirus deaths in Colorado have been declining since their mid-April peak, state data shows.\nState health officials recently began reporting the number of people who died who had been infected by the virus, and not necessarily killed by it, as well as those whose deaths have been directly attributed to COVID-19. As of Sunday, 1,445 people with the coronavirus had died in Colorado and 1,181 deaths were directly caused by COVID-19.\nHospitalizations of coronavirus patients continue their decline, with 297 people currently hospitalized for COVID-19 in Colorado — the first time that number has fallen below 300 since March 27. All told, 4,347 people have been hospitalized for COVID-19 since the virus was first confirmed in the state in early March.\nPrivate facilities and the state-run lab tested 7,517 people on Saturday, according to state data. Colorado’s daily testing rate — 132 tests per 100,000 people per day — is close to the 152 tests per 100,000 people level that health officials say is needed to understand where the virus is spreading.\nTo date, 26,378 people have tested positive for or are believed to have COVID-19, though health officials say they believe the true number is much higher.\nOfficials also have confirmed outbreaks at 281 contained facilities across the state, including nursing homes, jails and factories — one more than the previous day.\nJoin our Facebook group for the latest updates on coronavirus in Colorado.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "FORT MYERS — Lee Memorial Health System will be helping patients with cognitive issues manage their medications better with a pilot grant from Cardinal Health Foundation.\nThe $31,500 grant will help the hospital's nurses coach patients with cognitive issues how to manage their medications when they have chronic medical conditions. Cardinal Health is one of the nation's leading distributors of medications and health care supplies.\nCardinal Health has awarded more than $7 million to 249 hospitals to improve patient safety and save hospital costs through the program called E3. One of the goals of this year's programs is to fund projects that will improve patient safety as they move from the hospital back to their homes.\n“Cardinal Health has a vested interest in helping health care providers save days, dollars and lives by working collaboratively to improve the quality of care nationwide,” says Dianne Radigan, Cardinal's vice president of community relations, in a statement.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Interesting. The femur or long thigh bone is the longest single bone. The biggest or heaviest bone is the innomate structure that is the large bowl shaped structure between your two hips. In side this bony cage, human babies develop in a place safe from impact in the early stages of pregnancy. The smallest bone - even smaller than any of the ossicles in your ears - is an exostosis. These are a tiny pearl shaped bony structures that form inside muscles, especially where there is frequent impact during normal activity. Horse riders get these in their gluteal muscles at the point of impact.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- Does pancreatitis affect bowel movements?\n- Can you eat bananas with pancreatitis?\n- Can the pancreas repair itself?\n- Is coffee good for your pancreas?\n- Can coffee irritate the pancreas?\n- What foods should be avoided with pancreatitis?\n- Can I eat eggs with pancreatitis?\n- Is peanut butter bad for pancreatitis?\n- What is the best pain medication for pancreatitis?\n- Can you eat chocolate with pancreatitis?\n- Is chicken broth OK for pancreatitis?\n- Are potatoes good for pancreatitis?\n- Is pineapple good for pancreatitis?\n- Does stress cause pancreatitis?\n- What triggers pancreatitis?\n- What can I eat when my pancreas is inflamed?\n- Are apples good for pancreatitis?\n- Is lemon water good for pancreatitis?\nDoes pancreatitis affect bowel movements?\nA few patients with chronic pancreatitis never have pain.\nLack of enzymes due to pancreatic damage results in poor digestion and absorption of food, especially fats.\nThus, weight loss is characteristic of chronic pancreatitis.\nPatients may notice bulky smelly bowel movements due to too much fat (steatorrhea)..\nCan you eat bananas with pancreatitis?\nDrink clear liquids and eat bland foods until you feel better. Bland foods include rice, dry toast, and crackers. They also include bananas and applesauce. Eat a low-fat diet until your doctor says your pancreas is healed.\nCan the pancreas repair itself?\nAcute pancreatitis is a self-limiting condition. In most instances, the pancreas heals itself and normal pancreatic functions of digestion and sugar control are restored.\nIs coffee good for your pancreas?\nResearchers at the University have now discovered that caffeine can partially close special channels within cells, reducing to some extent the damaging effects of alcohol products on the pancreas.\nCan coffee irritate the pancreas?\nHeavy coffee consumption may be associated with a reduced risk for pancreatitis, according to a study published in Digestive Diseases and Sciences.\nWhat foods should be avoided with pancreatitis?\nWhat not to eat if you have pancreatitisred meat.organ meats.fried foods.fries and potato chips.mayonnaise.margarine and butter.full-fat dairy.pastries and desserts with added sugars.More items…•\nCan I eat eggs with pancreatitis?\nHigher-fat cuts of meat (ribs, T-bone steak, regular hamburger); bacon; sausage; cold cuts (such as salami and bologna, corned beef, hot dogs); organ meats (liver, brains, sweetbreads); poultry with skin; fried meat, poultry and fish; whole eggs and egg yolks.\nIs peanut butter bad for pancreatitis?\nNuts and nut butters are rich plant-based protein sources, but the high fat content may contribute to pancreatitis symptoms.\nWhat is the best pain medication for pancreatitis?\nPain reliefMild painkillers. In most cases, the first painkillers used are paracetamol, or anti-inflammatories such as ibuprofen. … Stronger painkillers. If paracetamol or anti-inflammatories don’t control the pain, you may need an opiate-based painkiller, such as codeine or tramadol. … Severe pain.\nCan you eat chocolate with pancreatitis?\nAvoid high-fat foods, such as: Chocolate, whole milk, ice cream, processed cheese, and egg yolks. Fried or buttered foods.\nIs chicken broth OK for pancreatitis?\nSometimes it is best to rest the pancreas and limit your food intake. If you are experiencing a flare, your doctor may even recommend no food for a day or two. A diet of clear liquids can be followed when pain is severe. Clear liquids include apple, cranberry and white grape juice, gelatin and broth.\nAre potatoes good for pancreatitis?\nAntioxidant-rich foods such as dark, leafy vegetables, red berries, blueberries, sweet potatoes, grapes, carrots, walnuts and pomegranates are also beneficial. But, eat avocado, olive oil, fatty fish, nuts and seeds in moderation.\nIs pineapple good for pancreatitis?\nPineapples contain bromelain, a group of digestive enzymes that breaks down proteins. This may aid digestion, especially in those with pancreatic insufficiency.\nDoes stress cause pancreatitis?\nSummarizing this topic, chronic stress appears as a risk factor to develop pancreatitis by sensitizing the exocrine pancreas through TNF-α, which seems to exert its detrimental effects through different pathways (Figure 2).\nWhat triggers pancreatitis?\nGallstones, produced in the gallbladder, can block the bile duct, stopping pancreatic enzymes from traveling to the small intestine and forcing them back into the pancreas. The enzymes then begin to irritate the cells of the pancreas, causing the inflammation associated with pancreatitis.\nWhat can I eat when my pancreas is inflamed?\nThe best food choices for those suffering from chronic pancreatitis are fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nonfat/low fat dairy, and lean cuts of meat. Healthy fats such as avocado, olive oil, fatty fish, nuts, and seeds, may be consumed with careful portion control.\nAre apples good for pancreatitis?\nRed grapes and apples According to the Pancreas Cancer Action Network, resveratrol can help suppress cancer cells in the pancreas. Both grapes and apples contain antioxidants and fiber, too.\nIs lemon water good for pancreatitis?\nLemons – Sour fruit such as lemons, promotes the release of vital digestive enzymes from the pancreas. Limes and kiwi fruit are also valuable for the smooth running of the pancreas. Calendula – or Pot Marigold, has been used as a healing herb for centuries.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Study on Synthesis, Characterization and Antituberculosis Activity of Biologically Nanostructured Zinc and Titanium Metal Compounds\nNew Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 5,\n6 December 2021\nGreen chemistry was used to obtain nano-range sized titanium and zinc compounds from their macro-sizes by using an aqueous extract of horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum). Green technology allows the transformation of metal ions into metal nanoparticles through inherent biochemical processes. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometers were employed for characterizing the nanoparticles of biosynthesized metal nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to analyse the reduced nanoparticles of Ti and Zn metals. Micro dilution was employed to determine in vitro properties, such as effects of nano complex antimicrobials on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37RV strain. MTB strains isolated from patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) were resistant to first-line drugs. Novel synthesized nano-complexes exhibited potential antituberculosis activities. Titanium nano complexes exhibited the highest minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in comparison to zinc nano complex. In a cytotoxic study, an IC50 of 1000 µg/mL, for both Ti and Zn nano complexes, was reported, and thus, these complexes were non-toxic when compared to isoniazid.\n- Macrotyloma uniflorum\n- Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV strain", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hard Time Dealing With Tinnitus? Read These Tips.\nIt can be hard to live with tinnitus. You may feel as if you are the only one dealing with this condition, but know that you are not alone. Others that have suffered from tinnitus know what you are going through. The following tips have been useful for others who endure tinnitus symptoms, and they will no doubt help you out too.\nMedication can be a cause of tinnitus, but it can also help to ease the symptoms. Various antidepressants and anxiety-related drugs can actually have many positives effects on tinnitus. Consult your physician to see if drug therapy can be used to improve your tinnitus symptoms. Your doctor may prescribe other treatments along with medication for tinnitus. Both cognitive therapy and biofeedback treatments work effectively for some people.\nEstablish a bedtime schedule that will help you relax and make sure you follow the routine every night. A lot of tinnitus sufferers have problems falling asleep or remaining asleep. With a nighttime routine, this may not be as much of an issue. Relax yourself by engaging in meditation, deep breathing or stretching exercises before bed. This will help you relax and keep your blood pressure low.\nDo your best to minimize stress. Having a constant noise that is distracting you is stressful enough, you do not need to add to that. Seek out time management techniques to help you avoid feeling rushed, and work through emotional concerns. By taking these steps, your overall stress levels will be lower when you are forced to deal with your tinnitus.\nInvest in a sound machine and use it at night. The extra noise in the background might reduce your tinnitus enough that you’ll have an easier time falling asleep. There have been some cases where people found the white noise made their tinnitus worse. You’ll have to experiment and determine what works best for your specific needs.\nBring a list of medications you take, both prescribed and over-the-counter, to your doctor when seeking a diagnosis for tinnitus. There are a number of medications that can cause tinnitus through side effects. Combining some medications can also cause tinnitus. So bring everything along and discuss things with your doctor.\nIt is important to keep a good attitude when you are dealing with tinnitus. Do not let the problem depress you. You will only make your problem worse by dwelling on it. Make an effort to focus on positive thoughts so that your mind is not overwhelmed with the thought of having tinnitus.\nTinnitus, which can be described as noises in the head or ears, affects many children. Frequent causes are inner-ear or sinus infections. First, be sure to get your child treated for these kinds of conditions. You can then help your child understand that the noise is temporary and will likely disappear when the infection is gone.\nThe information here has proven to help other tinnitus sufferers. Other people suffer from this condition, as well. There are ways to treat it as well as ways that have been carefully examined by other sufferers. These methods will have hopefully helped you figure out what issues you have.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Say you just made over your smile with some beautiful, custom dental veneers. You’re loving looking at your teeth in the mirror. You’re getting compliments left and right for your new smile. Or maybe you’re considering getting dental veneers and that could be your future self! But what’s the deal with taking care of them so that all that good can last as long as possible? These are some tips for taking care of your dental veneers:\nRegular Preventive Oral Care\nThe great news is that you don’t need to learn a bunch of new methods and tricks for cleaning your teeth. The main thing is that you just need to keep up with standard daily oral hygiene: brush with a soft-bristled manual or electric toothbrush at least twice a day for two minutes each time and floss at least once a day. Veneers are designed to be durable so they can take regular brushing and flossing! We also recommend drinking plenty of water, eating a balanced diet, and avoiding tobacco products to keep your gums healthy and strong. And visit us every six months for routine cleanings and checkups.\nYou don’t want to end up damaging your veneers in a way that could’ve been avoided with the proper precautions! Teeth grinding, also called bruxism, can cause damage to your veneers just like it can your natural teeth so you’ll want to get a custom nightguard if you have a history of grinding your teeth or if you think you might grind your teeth at night. In a similar vein, you should wear a well-fitting athletic mouthguard when participating in physical activities that could involve contact with other people, the ground, or equipment. These oral appliances will do wonders for protecting your veneers. Additionally, avoid opening packaging with your teeth and biting down on hard objects such as ice, pencils, pens, and hard candies.\nVeneers in North Vancouver, BC\nIf you have any more questions regarding dental veneers, we’re here for you. At Pier Dental Centre, we are proud to provide cosmetic dental veneers so we’re more than happy to give you additional information about the treatment. Contact us today!\n0 comments on “How to Care for Dental Veneers”", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The dentist will apply an anesthetic and move the teeth back in place. They will also be given pain medicine for any discomfort they might feel as a result. Anytime a tooth is knocked loose, it can be a scary time. You don’t need to panic as most of them can easily be fixed.\nIs it possible to push teeth back?\nDental veneers are another viable method of pushing back teeth. Porcelain veneers or dental bonding is a phenomenal alternative option to correct teeth deformations. Veneers are thin, hard shells of porcelain that are permanently bonded to the tooth.\nHow can I push my teeth back naturally?\nThe simple answer is, no, there are no methods of repositioning your teeth ‘naturally. ‘ The only method to straighten crooked teeth is by using one of a few different appliances under the direction of an orthodontist .\nCan I push my front teeth back?\nInvisalign can indeed push front teeth back so long as there is enough space for these teeth to move into. If there are gaps behind the protruding front teeth then these gaps will be taken up as the front teeth push back.\nWhat do you do if your tooth gets pushed back?\nHere are some things the dentist might do to correct the problem:\n- Freeze (numb) the tooth.\n- Move them back into place.\n- Splint them for stability.\nCan wearing retainer move teeth back?\nSo the answer to the question, “can retainers move teeth back?” is yes, sometimes. If your retainer doesn’t fit snugly or causes pain, be sure to schedule an appointment with your dental professional for their recommendation.\nCan you straighten your own teeth?\nCan I straighten my teeth myself? No, straightening your own teeth is dangerous and can lead to tooth loss, tooth displacement, gum disease, and other potentially irreversible damage. All teeth straightening should be done under the supervision of a dentist or orthodontist.\nWhy are my teeth turning inward?\nIt doesn’t matter if you’ve had orthodontic treatment or not — you may notice that your teeth gradually move over time. It happens for a variety of reasons: periodontal disease, teeth grinding, not wearing a retainer, and plain old aging are all potential causes of shifting teeth.\nHow can I align my teeth?\nWhat are my options for straightening my teeth?\n- Metal braces. Fixed metal braces are attached to the teeth with brackets, bands, and flexible wire. …\n- Ceramic braces. …\n- Invisible braces. …\n- Lingual braces. …\n- Teeth-straightening surgery.\nDo teeth move as you age?\nYour teeth shifting is a natural consequence of aging and regular activity like chewing but can lead to problems if not addressed or severe. It’s a great idea to check in with your dental professional to see if your bite or teeth need any treatment; otherwise, a proper dental routine is your best bet.\nHow do you fix one tooth that sticks out?\nA single misaligned tooth can be repaired in a reasonably efficient way using either removable or fixed retainers. We can help you determine the best choice based upon your lifestyle, comfort level, and other factors. Many patients prefer removable retainers since they do not have to be worn during social occasions.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Open date: May 5, 2022\nMost recent review date: Thursday, Sep 1, 2022 at 11:59pm (Pacific Time)\nApplications received after this date will be reviewed by the search committee if the position has not yet been filled.\nFinal date: Sunday, Nov 5, 2023 at 11:59pm (Pacific Time)\nApplications will continue to be accepted until this date, but those received after the review date will only be considered if the position has not yet been filled.\nUCSF School of Medicine and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospitals\nDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics\nClinical X, HS Clinical, In Residence Series\nThe Division of Endocrinology in the Department of Pediatrics at the University of California, San Francisco, and UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals are recruiting a clinician Pediatric Endocrinologist with expertise in gender-affirming care to grow the clinical service within UCSF's Child and Adolescent Gender Center (CAGC). Appointments will be made at the Assistant, Associate, or Full rank of the Clinical X, Health Sciences (HS) Clinical, or In Residence series. Academic rank is commensurate with experience.\nUCSF's Child and Adolescent Gender Center (CAGC) offers comprehensive medical and psychological care, as well as advocacy and legal support, to transgender, non-binary and gender-expansive children. We bring together experts from within as well as outside UCSF to promote gender health and support positive outcomes for children and adolescents exploring gender identity and expression. The CAGC accepts new patients ages 3 through 17. Patients may continue to receive care at the CAGC through age 25. With our program housed within the UCSF Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, we are able to offer the most advanced medical care.\nThe position will split time between the UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland and San Francisco campuses. Candidates with an interest in advocacy, leadership or research are encouraged to apply. The UCSF CAGC team is the recipient of an additional 5 years of funding (years 6-10) for our multi-center NIH R01 regarding optimizing medical and mental health care of transgender/gender diverse youth.\nQualified candidates must possess a Medical Degree and License, Board Certification/Eligibility in Pediatrics and Board Certification/Eligibility in Pediatric Endocrinology.\nPreferred qualifications include a strong academic background and interest in pursuing a career in clinical or basic research and teaching.\nThe University of California San Francisco (UCSF) is one of the top biomedical research institutions in the nation. For the 15th year in a row, UCSF garnered the top spot among public institutions in funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 2021. The Department’s clinical enterprise is based at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital San Francisco, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Mount Zion, Zuckerberg San Francisco General, and at a number of outreach clinics throughout Northern California, providing the Department with an unsurpassed opportunity to meet the needs of infants, children, and young adults throughout the Bay Area. In 2021, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals ranked in all 10 children’s specialties in U.S. News and World Report. Nestled in a dynamic and unique geography distinguished by unprecedented innovations in technology, UCSF and the Department of Pediatrics are able to bring research and industry together to advance health.\nThe posted UC salary scales set the minimum pay determined by rank and step at appointment. See Table 5: https://www.ucop.edu/academic-personnel-programs/_files/2022-23/oct-2022-salary-scales/t5-summary.pdf. The minimum base salary range for this position is $115,100-$305,900. This position includes membership in the health sciences compensation plan (https://ucop.edu/academic-personnel-programs/_files/apm/apm-670.pdf) which provides for eligibility for additional compensation.\nInterested candidates can apply online at https://aprecruit.ucsf.edu/JPF03953 with a cover letter, curriculum vitae, statement of contributions to diversity, statement of research accomplishments, and contact information for three references. Applicant materials must list current and/or pending qualifications upon submission. Candidate must meet all of the qualifications by the time of appointment.\nFor more information contact:\nAlison Reed, MD\nHS Associate Clinical Professor\nDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes\nUCSF, Department of Pediatrics\nCurriculum Vitae - CV must clearly list current and/or pending qualifications (e.g. board eligibility/certification, medical licensure, etc.).\nStatement of Contributions to Diversity - Please see the following page for more details: https://diversity.ucsf.edu/contributions-to-diversity-statement\nStatement of Research\nStatement of Teaching (Optional)\nMisc / Additional (Optional)\n- 3 required (contact information only)\nAs a condition of employment, you will be required to comply with the University of California SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccination Program Policy found here: https://policy.ucop.edu/doc/5000695/SARS-CoV-2_Covid-19.\nUC San Francisco seeks candidates whose experience, teaching, research, or community service that has prepared them to contribute to our commitment to diversity and excellence. The University of California is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, age or protected veteran status.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Tooth extraction, though a popular procedure, is not part of your general dental treatment. It is a procedure done when the dentist deems it necessary to pull your teeth. Remember, when the permanent teeth set in, they are designed to last for a lifetime and once they are extracted, they don’t grow back. Before you come for your tooth extraction procedure, here is what you need to know about the procedure.\nAt Smile Center Villa Rica, our goal is to preserve the integrity of your teeth as well as promote good gum health. Therefore, we only recommend tooth extraction when there is no other alternative but to pull the teeth. Some of the situations that can warrant the dentist to perform a tooth extraction include:\nTo minimize the pain, we may use dental sedation and local anesthesia. Sedation is recommended if you have dental phobia, have a severe gag reflex, and tooth sensitivity. Some of the options used include oral sedation, nitrous oxide or laughing gas, IV sedation or general anesthesia.\nOnce the anesthesia begins to wear off there will be slight discomfort and residual bleeding. The dentist will place a gauze pad to stop the bleeding and prescribe pain medications to ease the discomfort.\nHow you to take care of your gums after the extraction will determine the healing time. It is therefore important to follow the dentist’s instructions, and here are a few tooth extraction aftercare instructions.\nDry socket is a common complication after extraction. A blood clot develops immediately after the procedure to promote healing. However, certain factors can cause it to break causing pain and bad breath.\nYou may also have swelling, bleeding, infection, gum tenderness and redness, discomfort, difficulty chewing, and pain.\nAfter the teeth extracted, you will have spaces in between that affect your appearance as well as your dental structure. Filling these spaces is important to maintain the integrity of your teeth, and a few options are available to help you replace the missing teeth. You can choose from dental implants, veneers, bridges, and dental crowns.\nSchedule an appointment with our dentist when your gum has completely healed to discuss your dental options. We will assess your dental health and choose a suitable cosmetic dental treatment to fix your smile.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Ratings for Dr. K. Khaled\nHe is a great doctor. I am a nurse and I have worked with my fair share of doctors. He takes time to talk things over and he listens. He is a very busy man, so if you need the time to talk...book the longer appointment. His nurse and other staff and wonderful and friendly as well. Great doctor!\nI feel that this doctor does not really take my or my family's medicical issues seriously. He in very abrupt and does not follow up. We need to request what we feel is proper care in regards to seeing specialists for issues that ended up to be serious and required the specialist for surgery.\nHe's been my doctor since he started his practice almost 20 years ago. He is very knowledgeable about diet and nutrition. He does take the time to talk to you, just make sure if you need to talk about something you book an appointment in advance. He is a very busy man.\na wonderful doctor. when i was concerned about my daughter's health he reassured us so well and treated her promptly. i have him to thank for a vast improvement in the quality of her life. he is a great doctor and his staff are very kind and knowledgeable.\nDr. K. Khaled's Credentials\nAccepting New Patients\nAreas of Expertise\nAwards & Recognitions\nPublications & Research\nInsurance accepted by this Doctor\n- Coventry Health Care", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Nelson Hardiman attorneys Zachary Rothenberg and Jonathan Radke successfully obtained an injunction on behalf of a local hospital, requiring a patient who had been “squatting” in the hospital for months after her condition had improved, to finally cooperate in being discharged to a more appropriate, sub-acute facility. The patient, while elderly, was not seriously ill and no longer required acute hospital care; however, she and her adult daughter refused to cooperate in having her discharged. Compounding the problem, because the patient’s Medicare hospital benefits had long-since exhausted, and because there was no medical necessity for acute care, the hospital was not being reimbursed for the services it was providing.\n“This is a significant problem for California hospitals,” said Rothenberg. “We are currently handling a number of these cases for multiple hospitals, and have also recently been asked to develop a ‘toolbox’ for identifying these kinds of problems early on, and resolving them as quickly and as efficiently as possible.”\nIn obtaining the injunction, Rothenberg and Radke faced a particular challenge in that there is no clear California precedent on how to handle recalcitrant patients who refuse to be discharged even when they are clinically stable and ready to leave. “We had to dig pretty deep and find case law in other parts of the country that dealt with this scenario,” Rothenberg said. “Fortunately, we found a handful of cases in other states that recognized that hospitals have finite resources, and a responsibility to the community to use those resources as effectively as possible. When someone is in the hospital who doesn’t really need to be, the hospital’s precious resources are being wasted, which hurts the hospital and also the community at large.” Ultimately, Rothenberg and Radke persuaded the Court that in refusing to cooperate in being discharged, the patient was trespassing on private property, that the adult daughter was aiding and abetting that trespass, and that an injunction against both individuals was necessary to force the discharge.\nAs Rothenberg and Radke have discovered, this difficult scenario can arise for a myriad of reasons. According to Radke, “in many instances, particularly where the patient is elderly, it is the patient’s family that is driving the decision to refuse discharge. Sometimes this is because the family doesn’t want to spend down the patient’s assets that they would otherwise stand to inherit. Other times, the family just doesn’t want to deal with having to find an alternative living arrangement, particularly where that might mean having mom or dad come live with them. And in other instances, the family just won’t accept the medical professional’s decision that hospital care is unnecessary.”\nEqually challenging are the situations where the patient has no family, particularly where the patient is homeless and/or potentially lacks decision-making capacity. “In these circumstances, it is critical to work closely with the hospital’s discharge planning team and social workers, and with state and local officials, to exhaust every possible option, while ensuring that the interests of the patient are also respected,” says Rothenberg. “There are a lot of different resources out there, but they can be hard to find if you don’t know where to look.”\nFor questions or business inquiries contact:", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "While some injuries may be brushed off as superficial, others may alter the course of a victim’s life. When people suffer catastrophic injuries due to the negligence of another, they could require drastic medical procedures and long-term rehabilitation, or have to change their way of living to conform to the injury.\nIf you or a loved one experienced life-altering losses because of someone else’s reckless or careless behavior, it may be best to contact an experienced personal injury attorney. A Florence catastrophic injury lawyer could help you pursue the compensation you deserve for medical and other expenses.\nDefining Catastrophic Injuries\nMost catastrophic injuries harm the spine or brain, meaning the victim’s ability to move, think or communicate becomes permanently compromised. While not all critical injuries involve the nervous system, all catastrophic injuries should be regarded seriously. Common examples of catastrophic injuries include:\n- Traumatic brain injury\n- Spinal cord injury\n- Loss of sight or hearing\n- Severe burns\n- Internal injuries\n- Multiple fractures\nThese horrific injuries often require long-term hospitalization, ongoing rehabilitation, and drug treatment. It is not uncommon for those suffering from a catastrophic injury to develop additional physical or mental issues relating to an injury.\nThe long-term effects of an injury on an individual might vary. Some people may need extensive modifications to their home to continue living in it, or they may have to move to a nursing home or similar long-term care facility. Those coping with a catastrophic injury often permanently use a wheelchair or may require prosthetics or other treatment options.\nBecause of the severity of injuries and how often patients must accommodate themselves or loved ones because of an injury, taking legal action against the party responsible for causing it is often warranted. When doing so, it is usually in a victim’s best interest to contact an experienced Florence catastrophic injury attorney for representation.\nWhat are the Recoverable Damages in a Car Accident Case?\nCompensation for catastrophic injury victims and their families, known as damages, typically falls into one of two categories: economic and non-economic damages. The former category includes objective financial losses like lost wages from being unable to work and past, present, and future medical expenses, while the latter deals with subjective losses like pain and suffering and loss of enjoyment of life.\nIf the victim dies from an injury, damages may include funeral and burial costs. In other circumstances, punitive damages may be awarded. These damages are meant to be punishment for the responsible party in cases where the catastrophic injury resulted from especially egregious actions. For help with calculating and recovering damages, reach out to a seasoned attorney.\nWhat are the Statute of Limitations?\nUnder South Carolina Code §15-3-530, a person has three years from the date of their catastrophic injury to file a lawsuit and seek recovery of damages. While that may sound like ample time, it is typically important to contact a catastrophic accident lawyer in Florence as soon as possible so they may begin work on the case. Waiting too long may mean it becomes harder to collect evidence and interview witnesses, and exceeding the deadline set by this statute of limitations may result in a case being time-barred by the court.\nContact a Florence Catastrophic Injury Attorney\nIt is only right that you are able to recover compensation after another negligence has caused you to suffer an injury. If you or a loved one suffered a catastrophic injury, you may want to retain the services of an experienced Florence catastrophic injury lawyer. Call today to arrange a confidential consultation, review your case, and discuss your options going forward.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Dr. Madelyn Soye\nChiropractor and Acupuncture Provider\nDr. Soye was born and raised in Kitchener, ON. She began her academic career at Queen's University where she was granted a Bachelor's of Science degree in Life Science and a Bachelor's degree in Physical and Health Education .\nHer interest in sports medicine led her to continue her education at the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College in Toronto, ON. While in Toronto, Dr. Soye worked as a personal trainer, working primarily with women preparing for and recovering from their pregnancies.\nDr. Soye is certified in spine Active Release Techniques (ART®) and has taken continuing education in Perinatal Care, Pediatric Care, Graston therapy and Activator Methods. Dr. Soye has a special interest in working with pre- and post-natal women, elderly patients and the running community.\nDr. Soye utilizes chiropractic care alongside lifestyle tips and rehabilitation exercises to achieve lasting results. Dr. Soye has always had a passion for health and nutrition. She continues to pursue her love of being active through spending time outdoors hiking with her dogs and playing basketball. It is her mission to educate her patients and their families to live their happiest and healthiest lives.\nShe is very excited to be part of Greater Napanee's health services and help build a healthier, more active community.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Donate to Linda Vickers\nI am raising money this year for Alder Hey Children's Hospital. We have been fortunate in our family not to have needed our services but they have helped so many of our local children. Alder Hey Children's Hospital is a children's hospital and NHS foundation trust in West Derby, Liverpool, England. It is one of the largest children's hospitals in the United Kingdom, and one of several specialist hospitals within the Liverpool City Region, alongside the Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, the Walton Centre, Mersey Regional Burns and Plastic Surgery Unit, and Clatterbridge Cancer Centre.\nAnonymous donated £ 20.00 on the 22 March 2019\nEnter text and numbers only on this form\nPlease do not use emojis, as they are known to cause problems. ;-(", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "There are a number of possible side effects to using CBD oil, such as fatigue, dry mouth, lightheadedness, hypotension, and impaired motor functions. However, when used in moderate amounts, most people do not experience these side effects, and none of them are known for being fatal or particularly dangerous. More than 20,000 studies have been done in the past 15 years on cannabis, hemp, and cannabinoids, and the results have been overwhelmingly supportive of the therapeutic potential and viability of CBD oil. That being said, some people should be cautious before using this powerful oil.\nAs a vitamin supplement. Hemp oil, in particular, holds high doses of important vitamins, like Vitamins E, B, B1 and B2. Hemp oil is also an invaluable source of protein and antioxidants, and contains high levels of helpful body supplements like potassium, magnesium and fatty acids. (which can also help cure maladies like acne and psoriasis, and is known to improve the human body's cholesterol levels.\nZuardi, A. W., Crippa, J. A., Hallak, J. E., Bhattacharyya, S., Atakan, Z., Martin-Santos, R., … & Guimarães, F. S. (2012). A critical review of the antipsychotic effects of cannabidiol: 30 years of a translational investigation [Abstract]. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 18(32), 5,131–5,140. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22716160", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Thanks for writing to us.\nIn cases of skin writing( dermatographism) and hives( urticaria) usually the treatment should be started in the form of oral antihistamines like cetirizine\n, olopatidine and monteleukast . Usually these are used in combination. You may start with fexofenadine 120 mg in morning and cetirizine monteleukast combination in evening. If still hives are not controlled the dosage of these drugs can be increased upto four times the normal dose. Steroids are given in resistant cases not responding to antihistamines. I would advise that you meet a dermatologist\nnear by so that the lesions can be examined and appropriate treatment be started.\nHope that helped", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "AUDREY HIXThe Relationship Between Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency and Arterial Resting Blood Pressure(Under the Direction of BILLY R. HAMMOND JR.)\nThe relationship between the cardiovascular and visual systems was examined via critical flicker\nfusion frequency (CFF) and resting systolic blood pressure (SBP). Three different studies were\nconducted. Study 1 assessed and found a significant positive correlation (p < .0002) between resting\nSBP and CFF (N = 221). Study 2 assessed whether resting SBP and CFF covary across time for a\ngiven individual (N = 12). The statistical results of this study were mixed. A multiple regression analysis\n(using time as a factor) revealed that three participants showed highly significant covariation, six\nparticipants showed marginally significant covariation, and three participants did not show a relationship\nbetween CFF and SBP. Study 3 measured the effects of blood pressure (BP) medication on the\nrelationship between SBP and CFF (N = 1). This preliminary case study indicated the possibility that\nBP medication could lower CFF thresholds as well as SBP.\nCritical flicker fusion frequency, Systolic blood pressure, and\nTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRITICAL FLICKER FUSION FREQUENCY AND\nA Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the\nTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRITICAL FLICKER FUSION FREQUENCY AND\nGordhan L. PatelDean of the Graduate SchoolThe University of GeorgiaMay 2002\nI would like to thank my major advisor and friend, Dr. Billy R. Hammond, Jr., for his extreme\npatience and assistance on my thesis. I could not have accomplished such a feat without him. I would\nalso like to express my gratitude to Dr. Mary Ann Johnson and Dr. James M. Brown for their support\nand advice on this project. Furthermore, I would like to thank my family and friends for always being so\nwonderfully supportive and encouraging of me during the pursuit of my professional career.\nCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION…………….……………………………………….…………………1\nCritical Flicker Fusion Frequency………………….…………………………….……………6\nSystolic Resting Blood Pressure…………………………….…………………….……………8\nPurpose of Present Studies…………………………………………….………….…………….9\nCHAPTER 2: STUDY 1…………………………….……………………….………….……….…….11\nCHAPTER 3: STUDY 2……………………………….…………………….………….…………….18\nCHAPTER 4: STUDY 3………………………………………………………………….…………….31\nCHAPTER 5: GENERAL DISCUSSION………………………….………………….…………….35\nWhen studying human anatomy, it is readily apparent that the functions of all the systems\nof the body are interrelated. For example, the body’s immune system would be ineffective in\ncombating pathogens without the aid of the circulatory system in transporting antibodies to the\nsites of infection. Similarly, the cardiovascular and visual systems are also interrelated. For\nexample, response to threat, initially apprehended by the visual system (e.g. seeing an angry\nwolf), will cause sympathetic activation. This arousal will result in increased heart rate and\nThe visual system is also influenced by the cardiovascular system. The retina, the neural\ntissue lining the back of the eye, has a very rich blood supply, being served by the anterior\nvasculature and posterior choroid. Additionally, the cortical areas of the brain responsible for\nvision (e.g. occipital lobe) have an extraordinarily rich blood supply. Evidence of the occipital\nlobe’s ample supply of blood becomes strikingly apparent during conditions that affect central\ncirculation. For example, one of the first symptoms of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is blurry\nvision. Since CO has a greater affinity for red blood cells than oxygen (O2), the fatal\ncharacteristic of CO poisoning is suffocation.\nBecause the retina is such a metabolically active tissue, any small reduction in blood flow\nwill influence visual function. For example, when a vein in the eye becomes constricted or\noccluded (as in retinal vein occlusive disease), the visual acuity of the eye is dramatically\nreduced; vision becomes blurred or distorted (Cameron & Ryan, 1997). Furthermore, many\nblinding retinal diseases, such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy or aged-related macular\ndegeneration (ARMD), cause circulation problems that may result in areas of the retina\nbecoming ischemic or oxygen-deprived. As a coping mechanism, the retina will form new blood\nvessels (called neovascularization) in order to obtain an adequate blood supply. Unfortunately,\nthe growth of these blood vessels damages the retina. They hemorrhage easily, which can often\nlead to retinal detachment, disciform scarring, and ultimately blindness. Systemic hypertension\n(which is the most prominent risk factor for cardiovascular disease) is the condition most\ncommonly associated with visual diseases such as branch retinal vein occlusion, especially in\npeople over 50 years of age (for review see Cameron & Ryan, 1997).\nDiseases that affect the visual system (e.g., cataracts and ARMD) and cardiovascular\nsystem (e.g. coronary heart disease and stroke) often share similar risk factors. For example,\ncigarette smoking and poor diet are primary risk factors for both cardiovascular and visual\ndiseases. Studies have indicated that cigarette smoking is strongly related to the development of\ncataracts and ARMD (for review see West, 1999), which are the leading causes of blindness in\nthe world. Likewise, studies have indicated that cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for\ncoronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke (The Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group, 1992;\nHahn, Heath, & Chang, 1998), which are two of the leading causes of death in the world. High\nintake of dietary fat and cholesterol is an important risk factor for both ARMD (Mares-Perlman,\nBrady, Klein, VandenLangenberg, Klein, & Palta, 1995) and cardiovascular disease (for reviews\nsee Hu, Manson, & Willett, 2001; Nicolosi, Wilson, Lawton, & Handelman, 2001). This risk is\nlargely due to intake of saturated fat rather than monounsaturated fats (Hu et al., 2001), which\nagain is true both for visual and coronary disease.\nUntreated hypertension, which I have already mentioned is a primary risk factor for\ncardiovascular disease (Hahn et al., 1998), is related to primary open angle glaucoma, POAG\n(Wilson, Hertzmark, Walker, Childs-Shaw, & Epstein, 1987). Specifically, Wilson et al. (1987)\nfound a strong association between increased resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and incident\nPOAG. This association was limited to untreated hypertensive patients. Tielsch, Katz, Sommer,\nQuigley, and Javitt (1995) also found a positive correlation between hypertension and POAG.\nHowever, unlike Wilson et al. (1987), these researchers expanded their analysis to include\nresting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and found similar results for both SBP and DBP,\nparticularly in older participants. Leighton and Phillips (1972) found that both SBP and DBP\nwere greater in patients with POAG than both normal controls and patients with low-tension\nStudies have demonstrated links between arterial hypertension and intraocular pressure\n(IOP) (e.g. Leske & Podgor, 1983), which is a well-established risk factor for glaucoma.\nSpecifically, Leske and Podgor (1983) found a significant positive correlation between\nhypertension and IOP. Hypertension was defined as an average resting SBP of greater than or\nequal to 160 millimeters (mm) of mercury (Hg), which is consistent with other studies (e.g.\nWilson et al., 1987), and an average resting DBP of greater than or equal to 95mmHg or a\nhistory of using anti-hypertensive medication. Although IOP is an important risk factor of\nglaucomatous damage to the optic nerve, it is not the defining characteristic of glaucoma. Many\npatients with normal IOP develop glaucoma (Litwak, 2000). Langham (1994) suggested that the\ndiagnosis and treatment of glaucoma should be focused not only on IOP but also on the\nmicrocirculation of blood flow to discrete areas of the optic nerve via ciliary choroidal blood\nflow and how therapy modifies blood flow to the eyes. Langham’s recommendations emphasize\nhow even subtle variations in retinal hemodynamics can have significant influences on visual\nThe sensitivity of the eye to a flickering stimulus, or flicker sensitivity (FS), has also\nbeen shown to be significantly associated with ocular hypertension (increased IOP) and\nglaucoma (Tyler, 1981). Tyler (1981) found significant deficits in FS at higher frequencies of\nmodulation, 30 to 40 Hertz (Hz), in patients with glaucoma and elevated IOP. Lower frequencies\nand critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF) were unaffected1. Tyler, Ryu, and Stamper (1984)\nfound a significant, negative correlation between IOP and FS. Similarly, Vo Van Toi, Grounauer,\nand Burckhardt (1990) found that artificially increasing IOP decreases FS, the loss also being\nmost pronounced in the highest frequency range.\nThe fact that FS is related to IOP and glaucoma is interesting given that hypertension is\nalso related to IOP and glaucoma. Taken together, the results suggest that FS itself might be\nrelated to blood pressure (BP) in normal individuals. This interpretation is consistent with data\nfrom two past studies (i.e. Eisner & Samples, 2000; Hammond, Warner, & Fuld, 1995).\nHammond et al. (1995) found an inverse association between acute variations in SBP and FS in 6\nout of 15 participants recruited (all healthy adults). Therefore, as the participants’ SBP increased,\ntheir sensitivity to flicker significantly decreased. The BP increase in the Hammond et al. (1995)\nstudy was induced by a psychological stressor. Thus, the inverse nature of the relationship may\nreflect dynamic changes between FS and BP. However, when the baseline data (as opposed to\nthe change values induced by the stressor) from the “nonreactive” participants (as opposed to the\n“reactive” participants) are replotted against the baseline FS values, a positive correlation is\nobserved (r = .40, N = 8). The correlation was not statistically significant, probably due to\ninsufficient statistical power. The participants who showed “less than a 10mmHg change in SBP\n1 Both CFF and FS measure sensitivity to a flickering stimulus; however, CFF holds the\nilluminance constant and varies the flickering rate of the stimulus, while FS holds the flickering\nrate constant and varies the illuminance of the stimulus.\nfrom their baseline” were labeled as “nonreactive” (p. 215). Eisner and Samples (2000) found a\nnegative correlation between mean arterial blood pressure to heart rate (MAP/HR) and\nFS (N = 18). MAP is the average amount of pressure needed to drive blood through the\ncirculatory system throughout the cardiac cycle (MAP = diastolic BP + pulse pressure/ 3). Pulse\npressure is the difference between SBP and DBP.\nIn summary, there is a vast literature connecting systemic hypertension, which is a\nprominent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (e.g. CHD), with visual disease such as\nglaucoma (Leighton & Phillips, 1972; Tielsch, et al., 1995; Wilson et al., 1987), and there are\nmany studies connecting ocular hypertension (e.g. IOP), which is an important risk factor for\nglaucoma, with systemic hypertension (e.g. Leske & Podgor, 1983). In addition, many studies\nsuggest an association between IOP and FS (e.g. Tyler, 1981; Tyler et al., 1984; Vo Van Toi et\nal., 1990) and systemic hypertension and FS (Eisner & Samples, 2000; Hammond et. al., 1995).\nWith the exception of Eisner and Samples (2000) and Hammond et al. (1995), the\npreviously mentioned studies do not address a relationship between the normal functioning of the\ncardiovascular and the normal functioning of the visual system under resting conditions. Little\ndata, beyond these two small studies, is available to adequately assess the relationship between\ncardiovascular and visual functioning in the absence of disease and under resting conditions.\nAlthough Eisner and Samples did assess resting blood pressure and FS in non-diseased\nparticipants, their small sample did not allow for adequate control for the important confounding\ninfluence of age. They studied individuals from 40-68 years of age. Moreover, both the\nHammond et al. study and the Eisner and Samples study measured FS. FS assesses both\nluminance thresholds and flicker thresholds. Although under normal conditions, FS is highly\nrelated to purely temporal measures such as critical flicker thresholds (Ferry-Porter law). Older\nparticipants lose visual sensitivity (Hammond, Wooten, & Snodderly, 1998), as well as temporal\nresolution (Curran, Wattis, Shillingford, & Hindmarch, 1990), which complicates the\ninterpretation of Eisner and Samples’ data. In our first study (Study 1), we had a goal similar to\nEisner and Samples, to quantify a relationship between visual and cardiovascular variables in\nhealthy individuals. However, we controlled for age by only selecting participants in a young,\nnarrow age range (~17-24). We also used a more narrowly defined visual function measure,\nCritical flicker thresholds are determined using a descending method of limits. In a\ntypical paradigm, the flicker rate of a fused suprathreshold stimulus is reduced until a participant\njust perceives flicker. Critical fusion thresholds are determined by increasing the flicker rate of a\nflickering stimulus until the stimulus stops flickering and appears fused. CFF is taken as the\naverage of the descending flicker value and the ascending fused value.\nThe fact that past studies have found that glaucoma and IOP are more related to FS than\nCFF (Tyler, 1981) is one indication that FS is more affected by factors influencing the eye\ndirectly. In contrast, CFF is often used as a more holistic index of visual function that is probably\ndetermined post-receptorally. For instance, Wells, Bernstein, Scott, Bennett, and Mendelson\n(2001) conducted a recent study showing that, for rats, CFF thresholds were determined by the\nsimple, complex, and hypercomplex cells of areas 17 and 18 of the primary visual cortex.\nFurthermore, studies have found that CFF is related to improved psychomotor performance and\nreaction time (Grunberger, Saletu, Berner, & Stohr, 1982). Grunberger et al. (1982) also found\nthat CFF covaried with electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements, particularly with increasing\nDue to data such as Wells et al. and Grunberger et al., CFF is commonly used as an\nindicator of the overall state of arousal of the central nervous system (CNS), including variables\nsuch as mental alertness and cognitive potential (Curran, et al., 1990; Volz & Strum, 1995). In\nfact, CFF is widely used to study the effects of psychotropic drugs on the CNS of normal healthy\nparticipants (Smith & Misiak, 1976). Drugs that stimulate the CNS increase CFF, and drugs that\ndepress the CNS decrease CFF (Simonson & Brozek, 1952; Smith & Misiak, 1976). Thus, if\nCFF is associated with higher brain arousal and SBP is associated with CFF, then an association\nbetween higher brain arousal and SBP seems highly probable.\nThere are many factors that affect CFF (e.g. illuminance, stimulus size, wavelength, age,\nsmoking, diet, and disease states), which should be accounted for when using CFF as an\nexperimental parameter. CFF increases approximately linearly with the log of illumination,\nwhich is referred to as the Ferry-Porter law. This increase in CFF is most likely related to a\ngeneral speeding up of retinal processes, which occurs with increasing levels of light adaptation\n(Schwartz, 1999). CFF also increases linearly with the log of stimulus area; thus, flicker is easier\nto perceive with larger stimuli. This is referred to as the Granit-Harper law. To account for these\ntwo effects, the illumination and size of the test stimulus used in the present study were held\nFurthermore, age (Lachenmayr, Kojetinsky, Ostermaier, Angstwurm, Vivell, &\nSchaumberger, 1994; Simonson & Brozek, 1952) and smoking (Simonson & Brozek, 1952) are\nboth negatively correlated with CFF thresholds. Age was controlled for in this study by the\nrecruiting of a relatively young sample. Smoking status was assessed by questionnaire, and the\nresults of the analysis are provided later in the methods section. Additionally, many\ncardiovascular diseases and eye diseases will reduce CFF thresholds (Curran et al., 1990;\nSimonson & Brozek, 1952), and there are many drugs that raise CFF (e.g. amphetamines) or\ndecrease CFF (e.g. barbiturates). Therefore, disease states and any drug use were also assessed\nvia questionnaire. Due to the younger age of the sample, disease influences and influences due to\nprescription drug use were considered unlikely.\nThe most common parameter utilized when assessing cardiovascular functioning is\narterial resting blood pressure (RBP) because it provides a good index of cardiovascular response\nthat is relatively easy to obtain and quantify (Sherwood & Turner, 1992). Much like CFF\n(Grunberger et al., 1982), SBP and DBP have been linked to ongoing electrocortical activity.\nWalker and Walker (1983) found that “rhythmic oscillations of the EEG were time-locked to the\ncarotid pressure wave” (particularly those in the alpha range), and “EEG samples taken during\nsystolic and diastolic pressure were distinctly out of phase” (p. 70-71). These results seem to\nsuggest that cardiovascular functioning influences electro-cortical rhythms, which in turn\nmediate the relationship between cardiac events and behavior (Walker & Walker, 1983). The fact\nthat the oscillations in electro-cortical activity were found primarily in the alpha range (Walker\n& Walker, 1983) lends support to the idea that there is a possible relationship between\ncardiovascular functioning and CFF, since Grunberger et al. (1982) found a positive relationship\n2 However, while both SBP and DBP were measured in the present study, only the results for\nSBP are reported. In general, we found similar results for DBP, only the effects were attenuated.\nFurthermore, SBP has been more heavily linked to the risk of cardiovascular diseases (e.g. heart\ndisease & stroke) than DBP (review by He & Whelton, 1999), which lends more clinical interest\nIn addition, studies have found that SBP and DBP tend to vary with cardiac cycle during\nsocial situations and solitude, but that heart rate (HR) only shows cyclic variations during\nsolitude (Warner & Stevens, 1991). The authors believe that their data are due to some type of\nfeedback mechanism. Likewise, Sandman, McCanne, Kaiser, and Diamond (1977) reported\nenhanced visual performance during low HR suggesting that cardiac phase also influences visual\nperception. However, another study investigating the average differences in visual sensitivity as\na function of cardiac cycles (Elliot & Graf, 1972) found small and unreliable differences.\nA relatively recent study found that SBP, like CFF, might be a marker of subcortical\narousal (Davies, Bennet, Barbour, Tarassenko, & Stradling, 1999). This was a clinical study that\nlooked at a special type of sleep disorder called Cheyne-Stokes (which is a disorder of breathing\nduring sleep). Basically, they found that the participants’ SBP was in high concordance with the\nprogression of their cortical arousal as measured by an EEG.\nThe purpose of the present studies was to investigate the relationship between resting\nsystemic BP and visual functioning of normotensive, healthy participants. Specifically, the cross-\nsectional relationship between resting SBP and CFF was assessed. Covariance between the two\nvariables for a given participant across a temporal dimension was also evaluated. For the reasons\npreviously outlined, we predicted that we would find a relationship between CFF and SBP. We\nalso predicted this relationship would be positive. Past studies have suggested that SBP may be a\nmarker of subcortical arousal (Davies et al., 1999). If higher resting SBP is arousing, and if it\nleads to higher brain arousal, it should also lead to higher CFF values, which covaries with CNS\narousal (Wells et al., 2001). In summary, these studies attempted to address the following\nquestions: (1.) Are CFF and resting SBP related? (2.) Is higher resting SBP arousing? (3.) Does\nhigher resting SBP lead to higher brain arousal? (4.) Does CFF and resting SBP covary across\ntime? (5.) What are the affects of blood pressure medication on these relationships?\nIn order to address these questions, three different studies were conducted. As previously\nalluded to, the design and motivation of the first study (Study 1) was to address the general\nrelationship between the cardiovascular system, via SBP, and the functioning of the visual\nsystem, via CFF. Specifically, Study 1 was a between-subjects design in which participants’ CFF\nand resting SBP were measured in one experimental session. Unlike the Eisner and Samples\nstudy (which recruited 18 middle-aged adults), a much larger sample of young adults was\nrecruited for this study. This large sample size was necessary in order to control for the many\nconfounds that might be expected to influence CFF and SBP. Furthermore, by utilizing a\nrelatively younger population, variance due to the overall aging of the visual and cardiovascular\nsystems was decreased. As previously mentioned, the visual parameter that was used was CFF as\nopposed to FS, and resting SBP was measured as opposed to MAP/HR, DBP, or dynamic\nThe second study (Study 2) was a within-subjects design in which participants’ CFF and\nresting SBP were measured on ten separate occasions. This study was designed to assess\ncovariance in the two variables across time. The third study (Study 3) was a case study in which\nthe effects of BP medication on the relationship between CFF and resting SBP was examined.\nThis combination of study designs was selected in order to aid in the final interpretation of the\nParticipants. Two hundred and twenty-one undergraduates (126 women and 95 men)\nwere recruited from the University of Georgia (UGA). The mean age of participants was 19.59\nyears (SD = 2.45). Informed consent was obtained, and the Institutional Review Board (IRB)\napproved all experimental procedures. Participant testing and data handling was conducted\naccording to the tenets outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, which is a protocol accepted as a\nstandard when testing human participants in clinical research settings.\nAll participants were required to fill out a brief questionnaire including personal\ninformation (e.g. age, sex, and iris color) and smoking history (e.g. current and past smoking\nhabits). Forty-five of the participants were smokers, 31 were past smokers, and 145 had never\nsmoked. Forty-nine had blue irises, 6 had bluish irises (e.g. blue/green, blue/hazel, and\nblue/yellow), 85 had brown irises, 5 had brownish irises (e.g. brown/green and brown/hazel), 36\nhad green irises, 2 had greenish irises (e.g. greenish-brown and greenish-hazel), and 36 had hazel\nThe participants’ Snellen acuity was also assessed. Only the right eye of each participant\nwas measured. Ninety-one of the participants had 20/20 Snellen acuity, 5 participants had\n20/17.5, and 85 had 20/15 or better visual acuity. Three participants had 20/25 Snellen acuity, 25\nhad 20/30, 8 had 20/40, 3 had 20/50, and one person had 20/70 visual acuity. For a summary of\nthe data collected on smoking status, iris color, and Snellen acuity see Table 1. Materials. An automatic, digital sphygmomanometer (Omron Healthcare, Inc., model\nHEM-725C) was used to measure arterial RBP, in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), via an arm\ncuff on the left, brachial artery (upper arm). As previously mentioned, a Snellen eye chart was\nSmoking Status, Iris Color, and Snellen Acuity of Participants in Study 1\nutilized to measure visual acuity. CFF was measured psychophysically in Hertz (Hz) on a\nNewtonian view optical system (using a 1-deg circular test stimulus). This optical system is\nschematicized in Wooten, Hammond, Land, and Snodderly (1999).\nTo avoid absorption by preretinal media (e.g. lens and macular pigment), a 570-\nnanometer (nm) light was used for the test stimulus. It was generated by a liquid energy display\n(LED) with peak energy at 570-nm (half-width =20 nm), and was not presented on a background\n(thus the background appeared black to the participants). Light from the LED source was\ncollimated with planoconvex lenses. The size of the test stimulus was defined by a circular\naperture placed after the collimating lenses of the system. The stimulus was delivered in square\nwave alteration, and the rate at which it was presented could be varied over a 1-50 Hz range. The\nilluminance of the 570-nm light was set at 30 candelas per square meter, and the radiance was\n0.34 nanowatts. The system was calibrated periodically to assure that these settings remained\nstable. The entire optical system was encased in a black, rectangular Plexiglas box. A 1-inch,\ncircular hole in the front of the box allowed participants to view the stimulus. A chin and\nforehead rest was utilized in order to minimize head movements and maintain the visual angle of\nDesign and procedure. A between-subjects design was employed in Study 1, and each\nsession lasted approximately 30 minutes. Before any measurements were taken, the participants\nfilled out the consent form and questionnaire. Then, the participants’ Snellen acuity was assessed\nby the experimenter and recorded on the questionnaire. Next, the participants’ RBP was\nmeasured on their left brachial arteries (pulse was recorded along with RBP). After obtaining\nRBP, the experimenter measured the participants’ CFF. At the end of the experimental session,\nin order to obtain average measurements, the participants’ RBP and CFF were measured a\nCFF was assessed using the ascending and descending Method of Limits. First, the\nparticipants were placed in a darkened room (one at a time) and instructed to rest their heads on a\nheadrest in front of the Newtonian view optical system. Then, the flickering rate of the 1-deg,\n570-nm circular stimulus was set at 12 Hz (consistent with past studies, Curran et al., 1990), and\nparticipants’ were asked if they could see a black background with a green flickering circle.\nUpon receiving an affirmation from the participants, the experimenter instructed them to state\nwhen the flickering appeared to stop. Then, the experimenter gradually began increasing the\nflicker rate of the stimulus until the participant perceived the stimulus as fused (the flickering\nstopped); this rate (in Hz) was recorded. Finally, the experimenter adjusted the flickering rate\nwell above the previously obtained rate and instructed the participants to state when they first\nperceived the stimulus to start flickering. This number was also recorded. The experimenter then\naveraged the ascending and descending values to obtain one CFF measurement.\nThe overall average resting SBP was 115.73 (SD = 14.41), and the overall average CFF\nthreshold for the participants was 23.12 (SD = 2.73). To assess whether there were any sex\ndifferences, we conducted two One-Sample T-Tests (in SPSS 10.1) comparing the male and\nfemale SBP and CFF thresholds. The results of these tests indicated that there was a statistically\nsignificant difference between the average resting SBP measurements for the males (M = 125.19,\nSD = 12.40) and females (M = 108.59, SD = 11.42), t = 10.193 (p < 0.0001). Moreover, the\nresults indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the average CFF\nthresholds for the males (M= 23.87, SD = 2.87) and females (M = 22.54, SD = 2.48), t = 3.61 (p\nWe also did a correlational analysis (Pearson’s r) between SBP and CFF. This analysis\nrevealed a statistically significant, positive correlation (r = 0.23, p < 0.0002) between CFF and\nresting systolic BP (see Figure 1). We did not find a sex difference in the SBP-CFF relationship.\nThe results of Study 1 support the hypothesis that resting SBP and CFF are positively\ncorrelated. Additionally, the results reveal a statistically significant sex difference between both\nSBP measurements and CFF thresholds. In particular, the males had higher resting SBP and\nhigher CFF thresholds. Note that the direction of this result is consistent with the hypothesis that\nSBP and CFF are positively correlated. These sex differences may be clinically meaningful given\nthe fact that males have such higher incidence of cardiovascular disease. The average SBP of the\nmales was higher than the females despite the relatively young age of this sample. The results\nwould imply that even young males might have higher levels of brain arousal compared to\nfemales. This higher state of arousal may be linked to increased SBP. If high levels of arousal is\nrewarding, increased blood pressure in the males may actually be “learned” through operant\nmechanisms (see Dworkin, Filewich, Miller, & Craigmyle, 1979).\nFurthermore, the sex difference found in this study is consistent with past research. For\nexample, it has been noted that in nearly all developed countries (e.g. North American, Europe,\nand Japan) young adult women consistently demonstrate lower systolic and diastolic pressures\nthan men (Whelton, He, & Klag, 1994). However, this association is variable over the entire\nlifespan. The BP of children does not show any statistical effects of sex (for review see Laragh &\nBrenner, 1995); however, in adolescence (e.g. starting around age 13) the mean SBP of boys is\nsignificantly higher than that of teenage girls (Baron, Freyer, & Fixler, 1986). Furthermore,\nbetween the ages of 35 - 44 years, SBP remains higher for men. However, by middle age (55-64\nyears) the difference becomes much smaller, and then by the sixth and seventh decades, women\nhave slightly higher SBP than men (OPCS, 1994).\nAverage Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency (Hz)\nAverage Resting Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)\nFigure 1. The relationship between CFF and SBP (Y = 18 + 0.04x, r = 0.23, p < 0.0002) for the\nentire sample tested (N = 221). Participants. A sample of 12 graduate and undergraduate students (3 men and 9 women,\nmean age = 24.42, SD = 6.33) were recruited from the University of Georgia student body.\nInformed consent was obtained, and the IRB approved all experimental procedures. Consistent\nwith Study 1, participants were required to fill out a questionnaire to assess their personal data\n(e.g. age, sex, and iris color) and smoking history (e.g. current and past smoking habits).\nLikewise, the visual acuity of their right eyes was measured by the experimenters using the\nBecause Study 2 recruited a much smaller sample size than Study 1, more visual,\nmedical, and dietary information was considered from the participants’ questionnaires.\nRefractive errors, eye surgeries or treatments, history of eye disease, any medical conditions or\nmedications, and whether or not each participant was a vegetarian was assessed. All of this\ninformation is listed in Tables 2.1 and 2.2. Materials. All materials used in Study 2 were identical to those used in Study 1. Average\nresting BP was assessed with an automatic sphygmomanometer, visual acuity was measured with\na Snellen eye chart, and average CFF was measured on the Newtonian view optical system\n(using a 1-deg circular test stimulus). Again, only the right eye of each participant was measured. Design and procedure. A within-subjects design was employed for Study 2. The\nparticipants’ SBP and CFF were measured in the exact same manner as listed above; however,\nmeasurements were taken on ten separate occasions. These separate days were not equally\nspaced. Because of time constraints, three of the participants were unable to complete all ten\nsessions. Participants MNK and KLM completed 9 sessions, and GLS completed 8 sessions. Qualitative Information on Study 2 Participants\nQualitative Information on Study 2 Participants continued…\nDDW, GLS, JRD,KAM, KLM, MNK,MJP, SRP, &\nPast Eye Diseases, Conditions, or Surgeries\nAnti-depressants (Serzone & Zoloft) 2\nAnalysis one. To assess any covariance between the two variables (CFF and resting SBP),\nthe data of each participant was examined separately. Each person’s data was plotted on a\ndouble-Y line graph. Time (specified in days) was placed on the abscissa, and average resting\nSBP and average CFF was placed on the two ordinates. This allowed us to visually assess any\nobvious covariance between the two variables. From this initial examination, we identified 5 out\nof the 12 participants that illustrated potential significant covariance (see Figures 2 - 6). Analysis two. An unlagged cross-correlation function was employed (via the statistical\nprogram SPSS 10.1) for each participant (averaging the two measures taken during a given\nsession). With critical values of r = 0.55 (df = 8, p < 0.05) and r = 0.62 (df = 6, p < 0.05) , this\nanalysis yielded marginally significant results for two participants, GLS and JRD (r = -0.52 and r\n= -0.41 respectively). The analysis revealed null results for all subsequent participants. In\naddition, we conducted an unlagged cross-correlation function on all the data points collected for\neach individual. For instance, instead of just analyzing the 10 average CFF and SBP\nmeasurements for participant JFC, we analyzed all 20 CFF and SBP measurements obtained\nfrom this individual. This analysis yielded marginally significant results for three participants,\nDLG, JRD, and MJP (r = 0.30, r = -0.37, and r = -0.35 respectively), and significant results for\none participant, JFC. JFC’s results revealed a statistically significant positive unlagged cross-\ncorrelation (r = 0.40, p < 0.05). Analysis three. Our preliminary data analysis (see Figures 2 - 6) suggested that, while\nthere appeared to be significant covariation for many days during the study period, some days\nwere markedly divergent. Therefore, we conducted the analysis again but removed the data for\nthe one day that seemed most divergent. Participants DLG, GIC, JFC, JRD, and KAM all\nshowed statistically significant cross-correlations, which is for the most part consistent with our\ninitial beliefs that there was significant covariance between the CFF thresholds and SBP\nmeasurements of these particular participants. For more detailed information see Table 3. This\nanalysis suggests that with additional measurements the results may have reached significance\nwithout the necessity of windzoring the data. Results of the unlagged cross-correlation analysis on the windzored, Study 2 data.Analysis four. The pattern of covariance and non-covariance on the double-Y line graphs\nconstructed from the data, revealed that for some of the participants the two variables covaried\non days 1-5 but then fell out of sync on the last days of the study (see Figures 2 - 4, & 6). JRD’s\ngraph exhibited the exact opposite pattern (see Figure 5). Therefore, we conducted a multiple\nregression analysis (in the statistical program Origin 6.0) in which we regressed CFF on SBP and\nTrial (coded as early trials and late trials). For instance, the measurements taken in trials 1-10\n(from days 1-5) were coded as 1’s and trials 11-20 (from days 6-10) were coded as 2’s. This\nanalysis yielded statistically significant F-values for 3 out of 12 participants (DDW, JRD, and\nKLM), 7 participants showed marginally significant results (DLG, GLS, HST, JFC, KAM,\nMNK, and SRP), and the remaining 2 participants (GIC and MJP) did not yield statistically\n26.0 Average Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency (Hz)\nAverage Systolic Resting Blood Pressure (mmHg)\nFigure 2. Data from participant DDW.\nAverage Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency (Hz)\nAverage Systolic Resting Blood Pressure (mmHg)\nFigure 3. Data from participant GIC.\nAverage Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency (Hz)\nAverage Systolic Resting Blood Pressure (mmHg)\nFigure 4. Data from participant JFC.\nAverage Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency (Hz)\nAverage Systolic Resting Blood Pressure (mmHg)\nFigure 5. Data from participant JRD.\nAverage Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency (Hz)\nAverage Systolic Resting Blood Pressure (mmHg)\nFigure 6. Data from participant KAM. Results from the Multiple Regression Analysis Study 2 Participants\nThe results of Study 2 are mixed. The cross-correlation analysis (analysis two) seemed to\nsupport the null hypothesis that CFF and resting BP do not vary together across time. However,\nFigures 2-6 suggest more than just random fluctuation. When we removed the data from one day\nfor each individual (analysis three), the results showed statistically significant results for 5 out of\nthe 12 participants. This suggests that we had insufficient statistical power to adequately\ndetermine the magnitude of this effect. Indeed, two out of the three participants for whom we\nobtained “marginally” significant results for in the analysis of the raw data were two of the\nparticipants that did not complete the entire ten sessions of the study (MNK and GLS).\nAn examination of Figure 2- 6 (analysis one) suggest the possibility of a confounding\nvariable, which is sometimes present and sometimes absent. One possibility is based on the\nresults of Hammond et al. (1995). Their study suggested that, although resting BP may be\npositively correlated with CFF, dynamic changes in BP are inversely correlated with CFF. It\nshould be noted here that this change is bi-directional. Increasing BP leads to decreasing CFF,\nand decreasing BP leads to increasing CFF. It is possible that on days where BP and CFF\nappeared divergent, the participants BP may not be reflecting true resting levels. Therefore, one\naim of future studies could be to analyze this possibility by carefully obtaining measures of SBP\nParticipants. Study 3 consisted of one, white male, 36 years of age. The participant\n(BRH) had never smoked, had green/hazel irises, had a Snellen acuity of 20/20 in his right eye,\nand had myopia (for which he wore corrective eye glasses). In addition, he had no history of eye\nMaterials. All materials used in Study 3 were identical to those used in Study 1 except\nfor one. Arterial resting BP was assessed with an automatic sphygmomanometer, visual acuity\nwas measured with a Snellen eye chart, and average CFF was assessed by the Newtonian view\noptical system (using a 1-deg circular test stimulus). Consistent with Study 1 and 2, only the\nright eye of the participant was measured. In addition to these materials, a generic brand of the\ndrug Ramipril, Altace, was prescribed by a doctor and taken by the participant for the second\nhalf of the study (days 7-12). The participant took approximately 2 milligrams (mg) of the drug a\nDesign and procedure. The participant’s CFF and SBP were assessed in the above-\nmentioned manner (see Study 1) on six different days prior to any medication. These data\nprovided a solid baseline measurement. Then, the participant began taking the Altace. Two days\nlater (allowing time for the drug to take affect), the participant’s CFF and SBP were measured\nagain and on five other subsequent days.\nData for this participant is presented in Figure 7. Note that the data are partitioned into\npre-medication and post-medication trials. His average SBP was 126.67 (SD = 10.71), and his\nAverage Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency (Hz)\nAverage Systolic Resting Blood Pressure (mmHg)\nFigure 7. Data for participant BRH (pre-medication and post-medication measurements are\npartitioned by the dotted line down the center of the graph).\naverage CFF threshold was 30.36 (SD = 0.94). Both of these levels are higher than average,\nwhich is consistent with the results of Study 1. BRH’s average pre-medication SBP was 127.92\n(SD = 11.90), and his average post-medication SBP was 125.42 (SD = 9.74). BRH’s mean pre-\nmedication CFF threshold was 30.83 (SD = 0.99), and his post-medication CFF threshold was\nSince we were interested in whether or not BP medication decreases CFF thresholds as\nwell as resting SBP, we conducted two Paired Samples T-Tests (in SPSS 10.1) on the pre-\nmedication (trials 1-12, taken on days 1-6) and post-medication measurements (trials 13-24,\ntaken on days 7-12). One was conducted on the pre- and post-medication measurements of\nresting SBP, and the other was conducted on the CFF assessments. The purpose of these analyses\nwas to determine if the pre-medication measurements were statistically significant from the post-\nmedication measurements. Interestingly, the findings of the one-tailed T-Test on SBP were not\nsignificant (t = 0.52, p < 0.31), which indicated that the BP medication did not decrease the\nparticipant’s BP as intended. However, the results of the one-tailed T-Test on CFF were\nsignificant (t = 2.15, p < 0.03), which indicated that the BP medication did decrease BRH’s CFF\nFurthermore, the data were analyzed using an unlagged cross-correlation function and a\nmultiple regression analysis in which CFF was regressed on resting SBP and trial (coded as\nbefore and after intervention). Since BRH’s CFF and SBP was measured on 12 separate days,\nboth analyses consisted of 24 trials (instead of 20 trials as used in Study 2), which added\nconsiderably more statistical power to the results.\nThe results of the cross-correlation analysis (using a one-tailed alpha level) revealed a\nstatistically significant correlation coefficient (r = 0.42, p < 0.025). Similarly, the findings of the\nmultiple regression analysis revealed a statistically significant F statistic (F = 6.61, p < 0.006)\nand r-value (r = 0.39, p < 0.05). The regression equation for the best fitting line between CFF,\nSBP, and trial (for BRH’s data) was Y = 27.63 + 0.03x (SBP)+ -0.85x (trial).\nThe findings of Study 3 support three of the initial hypotheses (1) that CFF and resting\nSBP are positively correlated (2) that CFF and resting SBP vary together across time, and (3)\nthat CFF would decrease with resting SBP when taking blood pressure medication. Specifically,\nthe significant cross-correlation function strongly suggested a covariance of resting SBP and\nCFF over time. In addition, the multiple regression analysis indicated that the participant’s CFF\nthreshold could be predicted by resting SBP and trial (coded as pre- and post-medication).\nFinally, the results of the Paired Samples T-Test suggested that BP medication influenced this\nIn summary, the relationship between resting SBP and CFF for this participant were quite\nrobust. Preliminary results motivates the need to study more participants in order to clarify these\neffects. Although not statistically significant, it is likely that BRH’s BP was also affected by the\nmedication. Unlike his CFF values, however, which only ranged over about 3 Hz (~10% of\ntotal), his BP was quite variable (ranging from 114 to 137; ~18% of total). The greater variance\nreduces the statistical discriminability of the test.\nThe combination of results from the present three studies strongly suggest that CFF and\nresting SBP are related. This result is consistent with past studies that found a relationship\nbetween cardiovascular and visual functioning in normal, healthy adults (e.g. Eisner & Samples,\n2000). A statistically significant sex difference was also found in Study 1. The males had higher\nresting SBP and higher CFF thresholds. Importantly, the results suggest that normal variations in\nthe BP of even young individuals can have measurable impacts on vision. This relationship may\nreflect an important link in the development of long-term essential hypertension and\ncardiovascular disease. This implication would be consistent with the biofeedback model\ndeveloped by B. R. Dworkin (for review see Dworkin, 1988).\nDworkin developed a model that attempts to explain the etiology of essential\nhypertension. He outlined how physiological reactions to stressful events can lead to essential\nhypertension through chronic baroreceptor activation. Based on his theory, the baroreceptor\nreinforcement hypothesis, hypertension can be learned through operant mechanisms.\nBaroreceptors are receptors that signal the stretching of major arteries such as the carotid and\naorta. Increased activity of the baroreceptors results in a signal being sent to the medulla, which\nactivates the vagal center causing reduction of BP. Thus, the baroreceptor-medulla-vagus reflex\narc forms a negative feedback loop which helps maintain homeostasis within the circulatory\nsystem. Dworkin reviews evidence that showed that activation of the baroreceptors had the\nsecondary effect of dearousing the brain (through inhibition of the ascending reticular system).\nThis effect, he argued, was positively reinforcing since acute arousal is generally aversive. Since\nthe ultimate effect of having a BP response to a stressful situation is rewarding, the probability\nthat one would have such responses is increased. Having more BP reactions to stressful\nsituations over time would lead to chronic hypertension.\nMany studies have examined how BP can be operantly conditioned (Elbert, Roberts,\nLutzenberger, & Birbaumer, 1992; Pickering, Brucker, Frankel, Mathias, Dworkin, & Miller,\n1976; Plumlee, 1969). For instance, Plumlee (1969) conducted a study on four rhesus monkeys\nin which he demonstrates the ease with which large BP rises can be conditioned. In addition, at\nleast one study has indicated that chronic high BP can be conditioned (Jonsson & Hansson,\n1977). Consistent with Plumlee (1969), Elbert et al. (1992) found that participants were\nsuccessful (through the biofeedback mechanism mentioned previously) at learning to control\ntheir BP, albeit for monetary reward. Furthermore, this study assessed whether instrumentally-\nlearned BP responses have any effects on electrocortical activity. Their study examined whether\nbaroreceptors regulate the cardiovascular system by the use of cortical inhibition as proposed by\nDworkin (Elbert et al., 1992). They found, through EEG and electrocardiogram (ECG)\nmeasurements, a temporal relationship between cardiovascular and electrocortical changes which\nsupported their conclusion that “differentiation of slow potentials was secondary to activation of\nthe baroreceptors” (Elbert et al., 1992, p. 161). They also state that the positive-going slow\npotentials they found signify cortical inhibition.\nHammond et al. (1995) looked at dynamic changes in BP rather than normal variations in\nresting BP. Consistent with Dworkin (1988), they found that acute elevations in BP inhibit\nsensory systems, specifically FS thresholds. Thus, as BP increases, FS decreases. This pattern of\nresults is consistent with research conducted on other sensory thresholds (e.g. pain). For\nexample, Angrilli, Mini, Mucha, and Rau (1997) conducted a study investigating the relationship\nbetween pain thresholds and BP. Particularly, this study evaluated whether participants, who\nwere experiencing painful stimulations, preferred one of two conditions, baroreceptor activation\nor baroreceptor inhibition. The authors recruited normotensives and hypotensives as participants,\nand used the PRES (cardiac phase-related external suction) technique to induce pain. This\ntechnique involved placing a cuff on the neck at the carotid artery. Electrical pulses were\ndelivered either during systolic suction (the largest baroreceptor activation) or diastolic pressure\n(the largest baroreceptor deactivation). The results of the study indicated a negative correlation\nbetween DBP (baroreceptor deactivation) and sensory thresholds (r = -0.44), and a positive\ncorrelation between SBP (baroreceptor activation) and pain thresholds (r = 0.27). Painful stimuli\nwere perceived as less painful when presented during baroreceptor activation in the Normal BP\ngroup. However, there was no significant difference in the Low BP group. Therefore, the data\nindicate that participants with normal to high BP exhibit baroreceptor modulation of pain\nresponses; however, participants with low BP do not. The results of this study are consistent with\na past research (e.g. Rau, Brody, Larbig, Pauli, Voheringer, Harsh, Kroling, & Birbaumer, 1994).\nOne significant confound in this study (which is pretty common with research on pain\nthresholds) was that all of the participants were men. In addition, studies have shown that\nnormotensive individuals with a parental history of hypertension (thus at high risk for developing\nhypertension) had significantly higher pain thresholds than participants of normotensive parents\nIn contrast, the present studies indicate that normal variations in resting BP actually\nincrease sensory thresholds and cortical arousal rather than inhibit them (e.g. as BP increases,\nCFF thresholds increases). Taken together, the results of the above mentioned studies suggest the\nexistence of two different mechanisms of reward, short-term de-arousal and long-term arousal.\nStudy 2 of this paper attempted to address any covariance between resting SBP and CFF\nover time, which would have lent additional support to the previous postulation that the two\nvariables have a long-term association and impact on one another over time. However, the results\nof this study are mixed. Statistically only a few of the results from this study support the\nhypothesis that CFF and resting SBP vary together across time. Most of the data seemed to\nindicate that the two variables are not correlated and randomly fluctuate. Overall the statistical\nanalyses of Study 2 indicated a weak and unreliable association. However, when we removed the\ndata from one particularly divergent day for each individual, the results convey statistically\nsignificant results for 5 out of the 12 participants. Thus, these results suggest that with additional\nmeasurements the results would have been statistically significant without the necessity of\nwindzoring the data. Furthermore, it was postulated that the days in which SBP and CFF seem to\nvary together (as seen in Figures 2-6) are due to true resting SBP; however, the days in which\nSBP and CFF fluctuate randomly are due to acute changes in SBP.\nStudy 3 was a case study that assessed the effects of BP medication on CFF thresholds.\nAlthough, the actual statistical analyses of the data collected for Study 3 conveyed a strong\ncross-correlation of resting SBP and CFF and a definite influence of BP medication on CFF\nthresholds, there was only one participant. Thus, even though the data lend some support to all\nthree hypotheses (that resting SBP and CFF are positively correlated, that resting SBP and CFF\nvary together across time, and the BP medication affects CFF thresholds), the data from one case\nstudy is insufficient in order to generalize to the larger population.\nIn conclusion, the leading cause of death in the western world is cardiovascular disease.\nMoreover, approximately 38 million people are blind, and a further 110 million have low vision\nand are at risk for blindness in the world (Thylefors, Negrel, Pararajasegaram, & Dadzie, 1995).\nThus, empirical evidence for a quantifiable relationship between these two systems could\npotentially have implications for the medical and scientific communities. One possible\napplication of the present studies could be the use of CFF as a possible biomarker for the future\ndevelopment of hypertension. The finding that there is an association between SBP and CFF is\nconsistent with the idea that elevated resting BP is related to increased central arousal. If\nincreases in central arousal over time are rewarding, then efforts to block this arousal may reduce\nthe probability of developing chronic high BP. The fact that the CFF of the participant in Study 3\nlowered significantly in response to BP medication is consistent with this possibility.\nAngrilli, A., Mini, A., Mucha, R. F., & Rau, H. (1997). The influence of low blood pressure and\nbaroreceptor activity on pain responses. Physiology & Behavior, 62(2), 391-397.\nBaron, A. E., Freyer, B., & Fixler, D. E. (1986). Longitudinal blood pressure in blacks, whites,\nand Mexican Americans during adolescence and early adulthood. American Journal ofEpidemiology, 123 (5), 809-817.\nCameron, J. D. & Ryan, E. H. (1997). Retinal vascular occlusive disease: An often-unsuspecting\nthief of visual acuity. The Medical Journal of Allina, 6 (1).\nCurran, S., Hindmarch, I., Wattis, J. P., & Shillingford, C. (1990). Critical flicker fusion in\nnormal elderly subjects; A cross-sectional community study. Current Psychology:Research & Reviews, 9(1), 25-34.\nDavies, R. J. O., Bennet, L. S., Barbour, L., Tarassenko, L., & Stradling, J. R. (1999). Second by\nsecond patterns in cortical electroencephalograph and systolic blood pressure during\nCheyne-Stokes. European Respiratory Journal, 14, 940-945.\nDworkin, B. R. (1988). Hypertension as a learned response: The baroreceptor reinforcement\nhypothesis. In T. Elbert, W. Langosch, A. Steptoe, & D. Vaitl (Eds.), Behavioralmedicine in cardiovascular disorders (pp. 17-47). Chichester, UK: Wiley & Sons.\nDworkin, B. R., Filewich, R. J., Miller, N. E., & Craigmyle, N. (1979). Baroreceptor activation\nreduces reactivity to noxious stimulation: Implications for hypertension. Science, 205,\nEisner, A. & Samples, J. R. (2000). Flicker sensitivity and cardiovascular function in healthy\nmiddle-aged people. Archives of Ophthalmology, 118, 1049-1055.\nElbert, T., Roberts, L. E., Lutzenberger, W., & Birbaumer, N. (1992). Modulation of slow\ncortical potentials by instrumentally learned blood pressure responses. Psychophysiology,\nElliot, R., & Graf, V. (1972). Visual sensitivity as a function of phase of cardiac cycle. Psychophysiology, 9(3), 357-361.\nThe Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group (1992). Risk factors for neovascular age-related\nmacular degeneration. Archives of Ophthalmology, 110, 1701-1708.\nGrunberger, J., Saletu, B., Berner, P., & Stohr, H. (1982). CFF and assessment of\npharmacodynamics: Role and relationships to psychometric, EEG and pharmacokinetic\nvariables. Pharmacopsychiat, 15(Suppl. 1), 29-35.\nHahn, R. A., Heath, G. W., & Chang, M. H. (1998). Cardiovascular disease risk factors and\npreventive practices among adults—United States, 1994: A behavioral risk factor atlas.\nBehavioral Factor Surveillance System State Coordinators. Morbidity and MortalityWeekly Report. Centers for Disease Control Surveillance Summaries, 47(5), 35-69.\nHammond, B. R. Jr., Warner, R. M., & Fuld, K. (1995). Blood pressure and sensitivity to flicker. Journal of Psychophysiology, 9(3), 212-220.\nHammond, B. R. Jr., Wooten, B. R., & Snodderly, D. M. (1998). Preservation of visual\nsensitivity of older subjects: Association with macular pigment density. InvestigativeOphthalmology & Visual Science, 39(2), 397-406.\nHe, J. & Whelton, P. K. (1999). Elevated systolic blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular and\nrenal disease: Overview of evidence from observational epidemiologic studies and\nrandomized controlled trials. American Heart Journal, 138(3, Pt. 2), S211-\nHu, F. B., Manson, J. E., & Willett, W. C. (2001). Types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart\ndisease: A critical review. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 20(1), 5-19.\nJonsson, A. & Hansson, L. (1977). Prolonged exposure to a stressful stimulus (noise) as a cause\nof raised blood-pressure in man. The Lancet,1(8002), 86-87.\nLachenmayr, B. J., Kojetinsky, S., Ostermaier, N., Angstwurm, K., Vivell, P. M. O., &\nSchaumberger, M. (1994). The different effects of aging on normal sensitivity in flicker\nand light-sense perimetry. Investigative Ophthalomology & Visual Science, 35(6), 2741-\nLangham, M. E. (1994). Ocular blood flow and vision in healthy and glaucomatous eyes. Surveyof Ophthalmology, 38(Suppl.), 161-168.\nLaragh, J. H. & Brenner, B. M. (Eds.). (1995). Hypertension: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, andmanagement (2nd ed., Vol. 1). New York: Raven Press.\nLeighton, D. A. & Phillips, C. I. (1972). Systemic blood pressure in open-angle glaucoma, low\ntension glaucoma, and the normal eye. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 56, 447-453.\nLeske, M. C. & Podgor, M. J. (1983). Intraocular pressure, cardiovascular risk variables, and\nvisual field defects. American Journal of Epidemiology, 118(2), 280-287.\nLitwak, A. B. (2001). Evaluation of the optic nerve. In A. B. Litwak (Ed.), Glaucoma Handbook\n(pp. 63-75). Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann\nMares-Perlman, J. A., Brady, W. E., Klein, R., VandenLangenberg, G. M., Klein, B. E. K., &\nPalta, M. (1995). Dietary fat and age-related maculopathy. Archives of Ophthalmology,\nNicolosi, R. J., Wilson, T. A., Lawton, C., & Handelman, G. J. (2001). Dietary effects on\ncardiovascular disease risk factors: Beyond saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Journalof the American College of Nutrition, 20(5), 421S-427S.\nOPCS Social Survey Division 1994. Health survey for England 1993. London: HMSO.\nPage, G. D. & France, C. R. (1997). Objective evidence of decreased pain perception in\nnormotensives at risk for hypertension. Pain, 73, 173-180.\nPickering, T. G., Brucker, B., Frankel, H. L., Mathias, C. J., Dworkin, B. R., & Miller, N. E.,\n(1977). Mechanisms of learned voluntary control of blood pressure in patients with\ngeneralized bodily paralysis. In J. Beatty & H. Legewie (Eds.), Biofeedback andBehavior (pp.225-234). New York: Plenum Press.\nPlumlee, L. A. (1969). Operant conditioning of increases in blood pressure. Psychophysiology,\nRau, H., Brody, S., Larbig, W., Pauli, P., Voheringer, M., Harsch, B., Kroling, P., & Birbaumer,\nN. (1994). Effects of PRES baroreceptor stimulation on thermal and mechanical pain\nthreshold in borderline hypertensives and normotensives. Psychophysiology, 31, 480-\nSandman, C. A., McCanne, T. R., Kaiser, D. N., & Diamond, B. (1977). Heart rate and cardiac\nphase influences on visual perception. Journal of Comparative and Physiological\nSchwartz, S. H. (1999). Visual Perception (2nd ed). Stamford, Conn.: Appleton & Lange.\nSherwood, A. & Turner, J. R. (1992). A conceptual and methodological overview of\ncardiovascular reactivity research. In J. R. Turner, A. Sherwood, & K. C. Light (Eds.)\nIndividual Differences in Cardiovascular Response to Stress (pp. 3-32). New York:\nSimonson, E., & Brozek, J. (1952). Flicker fusion frequency background and applications. Physiological Reviews, 32, 349-378.\nSmith, J. M. & Misiak, H. K. (1976). Critical flicker frequency (CFF) and psychotropic drugs in\nnormal human subjects-A review. Psychopharmacology, 47, 175-182.\nThylefors, B., Negrel, A. D., Pararajasegaram, R., & Dadzie, K. Y. (1995). Global data on\nblindness. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 73, 115-121.\nTielsch, J. M., Katz, J., Sommer, A., Quigley, H. A., & Javitt, J. C. (1995). Hypertension,\nperfusion pressure, and primary open-angle glaucoma: A population-based assessment. Archives of Ophthalmology, 113, 216-221.\nTyler, C. W. (1981). Specific deficits of flicker sensitivity in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 20(2), 204-212\nTyler, C. W., Ryu, S., & Stamper, R. (1984). The relation between visual sensitivity and\nintraocular pressure in normal eyes. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 25,\nVolz, H. P. & Strum, Y. (1995). Antidepressant drugs and psychomotor performance. Neuropsychobiology, 31, 146-155.\nVo Van Toi, Grounauer, P. A., & Burckhardt, C. W. (1990). Artificially increasing intraocular\npressure causes flicker sensitivity losses. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,\nWalker, B. B. & Walker, J. M. (1983). Phase relations between carotid pressure and ongoing\nelectrocortical activity. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 1, 65-73.\nWarner, R. W. & Stevens, A. A. (1991). Cyclic variations in blood pressure during conversation\nand baseline. In The Society for Psychophysiological Research Conference, Chicago, IL.\nWells, E. F., Bernstein, G. M., Scott, B. W., Bennett, P. J., & Mendelson, J. R. (2001). Critical\nflicker fusion frequency responses in visual cortex. Experimental Brain Research, 139,\nWest, S. K. (1999). Smoking and the risk of eye diseases. In A. Taylor (Ed.), Nutritional andEnvironmental Influences on the Eye (pp. 151-164). Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC.\nWhelton, P. K., He, J., & Klag, M. J. (1994). Blood pressure in Westernised populations. In\nSwales, J. D. (Ed.), Textbook of hypertension. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications,\nWilson, M. R., Hertzmark, E., Walker, A. M., Childs-Shaw, K., & Epstein, D. L. (1987). A case-\ncontrol study of risk factors in open angle glaucoma. Archives of Ophthalmology, 105,\nWooten, B. R., Hammond, B. R. Jr., Land, R. I., & Snodderly, D. M. (1999). A practical method\nfor measuring macular pigment optical density. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual\nAvailable online at www.sciencedirect.comProblem prescriptions in Sweden necessitating contactAnders Ekedahl, M.Sc.(Pharm.), Ph.D.(Med. aR&D department, National Corporation of Swedish Pharmacies (Apoteket AB), Apoteket Lejonet,bSchool of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, University of Kalmar, Kalmar, SwedenBackground: Pharmacists have an important role in detecting, preventing, and\nVisionQwest Healthcare Group Emergency Room – Skills Checklist Name: ______________________________Date:__________ Years of Experience: _________________________________ Directions for completing skills checklist: The following is a list of equipment and/or procedures performed in rendering care to patients. Please indicate your level of experience/proficiency with each area and, wh", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Lymphedema is a medical condition causing chronic swelling of the body. Doctors often recommend compression sleeves or stockings to reduce inflammation after the patient receives other therapy.\nThese sleeves are available in Lycra and nylon and should be worn every day under a medical professional's direction. Compression sleeves may be bought without prescription through a pharmacy or online store. Different sizes and elasticities are on the market to fit both men and women. Custom-designed sleeves may be special ordered for those who can not find the exact model suggested buy their doctor.\nOnce available in only sterile white, compression sleeves now come in a variety of colors and styles. Some brands even offer zebra stripes, lace, festive designs and floral prints, which look more like a fashion statement than edema treatment. These newer versions are breathable and more comfortable than the old-school variety. Depending on the manufacturer, moisture wicking is also featured to prevent excess perspiration benefit the sleeve.\nTrying to pull on these special garments may be challenging for those affected by hand and finger swapping or arthritis and the elasticity of compression. Donning gloves are helpful in putting sleeves on, allowing for better grip on both stockings and sleeves. Resembling dishwashing gloves, they are made of rubber and usually extend just above the wrist. Ridges on the exterior help catch the slippery, stretchy fabric, making it faster and easier to pull on.\nAnother product available that supports with putting on compression sleeves is a slide or slippie. The arm is placed into an oversized sleeve, then the compression sleeve is slipped over it. The slide is easily pulled out by hand or hooking it onto a fixed object, like a doorknob. The compression sleeve fits the arm and the slide coming out.\nFor those with circulation or medication issues that result in easy bruising, slides and donning gloves also prevent fabric from snapping back against the skin while pulling and losing grip on sleeves.\nEdema may be limited to the wrists and hands, making sleeves ineffective or cumbersome. Particularly made gloves are worn in these cases. The fingertips or area beyond the knuckles are removed to allow for finger dexterity, mobility and functional grip. While fabric choices are usually limited to various shades of tan rubber or nylon, some manufacturers also offer colored Lycra material.\nPeople with missing or damaged lymph nodes are most susceptible to lymphedema. This can be caused naturally or by surgery for cancer or other health problems. Common swelling areas include the arms and upper body, especially for breast cancer survivors. Risk for lymphedema is also hereditary, especially where poor circulation is a factor. In some remote parts of the world, a parasite called filariasis may cause the condition, as can cellulitis.\nLymphedema is sometimes called elephantiasis, or misnomered elephantitis, for the disfiguring effects in extreme cases.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Gene therapy for early-onset MLD patients has been approved in all 27 EU member states as well as the UK, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway for early-onset (late infantile and early-juvenile) patients.\nFollowing the receipt of a European Medicines Agency (EMA) positive opinion last November recommending full marketing authorization for Libmeldy™, the gene therapy becomes the first gene therapy for eligible patients with early-onset MLD, and MLD’s first commercial therapy.\nLATE-INFANTILE & EARLY-JUVENILE FORMS\nPresymptomatic late-infantile and early-juvenile forms of MLD are included in the approval. The approval also includes early-juveniles with early clinical manifestations (symptoms) who are still able to walk independently and have not started to declinecognitively.\nOTHER FORMS of MLD … and ACCESS IN OTHER COUNTRIES, INCLUDING THE USA\nPatients outside the EU and with later-onset forms of MLD are able to request Orchard for access to Libmeldy via Orchard’s Pre-Approval Access/Compassionate Use programs. Orchard reviews each request on a case by case basis. MLD Foundation will help you advocate for access for your loved loved ones.\nTHERE IS STILL MUCH LEFT TO DO\nAccess and reimbursement … EMA and EC approval is a huge milestone, but it is not the finish line. MLD Foundation will continue to work directly with Orchard, EU partners, and country officials as each EU member country undertakes its own Libmeldy price and reimbursement review to make the therapy formally made available to its citizens.\nFDA (USA) … MLD Foundation has been in communication with the FDA and is in full support of Orchard’s IND activities that we expect will lead to a BLA request for review and eventual approval in the US.\nNewborn screening … MLD Foundation is leading an MLDnewborn screening development, validation, and implementation effort to identify patients pre-symptomatically. We need your participation to make this effort successful. Click here to learn more and join us!\nSubscribe to this blog to be kept updated on gene therapy and other therapeutic advances, and ongoing efforts to improve other aspects of MLD quality of life.\n* Libmeldy is the EU commercial name for the gene therapy and is a trademark of Orchard Therapeutics. * The image on this page is a screen capture of Orchard Therapeutic’s homepage featuring one of the first MLD gene therapy patients.\nAlong with your support, we’ve done a lot of heavy and consistent lifting these last 20 years.\nIf you read nothing else of this blog, please know that we gratefully THANK YOU and wish you and the MLD community a Happy New Year!!\nOur Time is Now!\nWe look forward to reaping the benefits of these past two decades and our ongoing work during 2020 and the first couple of years in this new decade. During 2020, after many years of research, pilot studies, and clinical trials, families will start to benefit directly as this work becomes available to families to improve the quality of life for those with MLD.\nNEWBORN SCREENING … Newborn screening is critical to identifying MLD at the earliest possible time – birth. These infants will have the greatest benefit from current and new disease-altering therapies.\nWe’ll see the launch of newborn screening in the first US public health system in parts of the state of New York as a precursor to a federal RUSP application, screening in more US states, and adding newborn screening to various international health systems too!\nTeryn Suhr of MLD Foundation took the lead to develop the screening technique that is being used today. We’ve led in instituting powerful state NBS policy in California and Florida. We’ve hosted a Newborn Screening Summit for MLD experts and will host several more this year. We are continuing and expanding work as we are coordinate and manage a federal RUSP nomination as well as state-by-state & country-by-country MLD newborn screening implementation.\nEarly diagnosis through newborn screening and an expanding choice of therapies means each family can choose what is best for their child.\nGENE THERAPY … gene therapy clinical trials have shown extraordinary results with pre-symptomatic children. Orchard Therapeutics filed with the EMA this past fall and should have their response – hopefully, an approval – around mid-year. We hope the US FDA review will start in early 2021 – maybe sooner!\nMLD Foundation is and has been working with at least four other pharmaceutical companies and research spinouts but cannot share more about their pre-clinical work (yet) due to NDA requirements. We speak regularly with startup companies and venture capital companies about the opportunities and challenges surrounding MLD.\nAnd there is more …\nSTEM CELL TRANSPLANT … we are seeing ongoing improvements in MLD stem cell transplant, MLD’s only widely available therapy. In addition to the studies underway at various hospitals and academic institutions to reduce mortality, reduce chemotherapy, and improve outcomes for current MLD transplants, Magenta Therapeutics has a clinical trial studying cell-expansion and is working in the lab to eliminate chemotherapy as part of the transplant process.\nBETTER DISEASE UNDERSTANDING … There are over 300 mutations known to cause MLD – that’s 90,000 potential mutation combinations. We only know the progression of a handful of those mutation pairs with decent certainty. MLD Foundation is actively engaged in a genotype-phenotype study to better help families make optimal informed quality of life clinical and therapeutic decisions.\nWe’re also active in two academic Natural History studies and operate an MLD Patient Powered Registry where MLD families are sharing their MLD journies so we can improve not only the medical care, but also improve the social, emotional, financial, public services, and creative family-driven/inspired quality of life strategies and decisions.\nWe have been meeting with the FDA since 2007 to expand their understanding of MLD and the therapeutical needs of the community. As we get closer to a regulatory filing we will both focus and expand the communications with the agency.\nBut not everything about living with MLD is medical …\nCOMPASSION AND SUPPORT FOR FAMILIES … We do our best to address the needs of MLD families in hands-on practical ways … some recent examples of direct engagement: we’ve helped several families get wheelchair vans for their loved ones, We’ve re-purposed medical equipment, provided logistical and financial support to help a family get same-day passports to get to Italy for gene therapy evaluation, helped overturn MEDICAID out of state therapy rejections, visited Italy to help a family enroll in the gene therapy, helped families make numerous therapy and non-therapy decisions, appeared at a deposition to help a family get in-state MEDICAID support for their family.\nBut perhaps the most impactful work we do is when we meet with families in person, at conferences, and over the phone. As we all know, an MLD diagnosis is just the start of a journey filled with decisions impacting all facets of life all while grieving the impact of MLD on a loved one and our parental/spousal expectations for life.\nWe spend hours on the phone with many of the newly diagnosed families helping them to learn about the disease, what to expect, clinical and therapeutic decisions, life decisions, and just being there with them as they digest an overwhelming amount of information and make decisions no parent or spouse should ever have to make.\nAnd of course, we have host an annual MLD Family Conference™. This is where you can meet with dozens of other MLD families face to face with extended time for conversation. There are always MLD clinical and research experts to engage as well. In 2019 we launched the MLD Newborn Screening Academy. In 2020 we will continue that education and empowerment. MLD cannot reach the finish line without your direct efforts in your home state.\nHow Do We Do It?\nWe do all of this with your support … financial, time, energies, introductions to your connections and resources, “tips” about new ideas, approaches, and activities, and with the support of your thoughts and prayers.\nOur philosophy has always been to try to meet researchers, companies, regulators, policy-makers, investors, other advocacy organizations, and most importantly, families, in person whenever possible. We visit them in their offices, labs, hospital rooms, and homes. We have found that we can have more intimate, detailed and informative conversations in person than via email or phone. We make it a point to share whatever information we can to connect the knowledge, needs, and experiences of one person with another … and sometimes that includes finances too! We’ve seen dramatic results and huge leverage with this strategy.\nAs you can see below, it’s a lot of nights on the road on your behalf. Life with MLD never stops so there are no days off … we are always honored to be working for you as our mobile phones and laptops travel with us.\nIn addition to face-to-face meetings, we spend extensive time in Washington DC with the FDA, NIH, other advocacy groups, and policy-makers. There are a half dozen or so key conferences and events each year. However, we don’t just attend those conferences, we also actively participate by presenting, booth displays to educate, posters to educate, and participating in panels to inspire.\nMLD PATIENT POWERED REGISTRY … This is how our experiences are being gathered to impact researchers, clinicians regulators like the FDA, and policymakers. Unlike most natural history studies that only ask a small number of families a limited and focused set of disease-specific medical questions, the MLD PPR covers all aspects of life with MLD … from diagnosis to extended family, finances, clinical care, social services, and much much more.\nAs we gather more data we gain breadth, understanding, and perspective. All of this allows us to have a greater impact as we use the data. Researchers can request access to the de-identified data so they can efficiently advance their work.\nWe want all families to participate … no matter how recent or long ago your MLD experience is, no matter if your loved one is living or has passed, no matter what your home country is – everyone has MLD journey experiences to share and for us to learn from.\nHappy New Year! As we head out of the holiday season and into a new year, it is a time that we reflect on life, cherish family, and count our blessings for all that we hold close to our hearts. Holiday music has been playing everywhere you go for the past month; while I enjoy all of the holiday songs, one song in particular, “Grown-Up Christmas List”, profoundly speaks to me at this point in my life. The lyrics are:\n“No more lives torn apart,\nAnd wars would never start,\nAnd time would heal all hearts.\nAnd every one would have a friend,\nAnd right would always win,\nAnd love would never end\nThis is my grown-up Christmas list.\nThis is my only lifelong wish”\nYES. With the commercialism of Christmas in today’s society, much of this gets lost in the shuffle. But for me, and for what my family has endured as a result of the devastating effects of MLD, my grown-up Christmas list goes far beyond gifts wrapped beautifully under a tree. For me, since MLD has been in our lives, the loss we and others have experienced glaringly exposes the lies of commercialized Christmas. Shiny presents under the tree do not address our hopes and dreams. What we want is life for our children, hope for future families receiving a diagnosis of MLD. My lifelong wish is to see a cure for MLD, so that no other child has to endure what my beautiful girl, Emily, has had to endure. So that the pain caused by MLD would be avoided, and so that families receiving an MLD diagnosis would not be faced with little to no options.\nA few weeks ago, in mid-December, I had the privilege of attending a meeting organized by Dean & Teryn Suhr (MLD Foundation) with Dr. Alessandra Biffi and Dr. Florian Eichler at Mass General Hospital in Boston, MA. I came away from the meeting feeling like I had received a grown-up Christmas gift…two leading doctors/researchers investing and caring for OUR children and OUR rare disease. It was encouraging and refreshing. The goal of the meeting was to lay groundwork for future interaction; to discuss initiatives and action plans to make progress. [Dr. Biffi is on the MLD Foundation’s Medical and Scientific Advisory Board]\nThere is much to be done. Dean and Teryn are behind the scenes, pushing for good communication between those involved. Their involvement is a personal agenda that bears the weight of all of our hearts, collectively. They ultimately are fighting the MLD battle on the front lines for all of us. Dr. Eichler has been involved over the last 18 months creating a clinical & research community for ALD (adrenoleukodystrophy) called ALDConnect. The registry and community they created is a good prototype for what we can create for MLD patients to help advance research. Dr. Biffi and Dr. Eichler discussed what type of information would be helpful to obtain from MLD families. A similar patient-powered registry for MLD is in the final stages of debug by MLD Foundation (as a result of a federal grant like ALDConnect) and will be rolled out shortly. We, as the MLD Family, will become ultimately responsible in ensuring the success of information collected. A collection of information is vital for researchers to use in searching for a cure for MLD. We, as families, hold the KEY TO INFORMATION that is beyond valuable. It is my hope that we can harness our information and use it to its greatest potential.\nIn addition, we discussed the idea of Centers of Excellence, and what that could look like for MLD families. There is a tremendous need for knowledgeable and highly qualified centers for MLD patients and their families. Too often, our local doctors do not have the expertise or knowledge to adequately support MLD patients. With the help of a Center of Excellence, families would receive specialized care at a center, with support given to local medical teams.\nTeryn’s work with developing a Newborn Screening Test for MLD was discussed. At this point a pilot study is being planned. The hope is that a 2016 pilot study will prove the test is reliable and credible. This would be HUGE!\nIt is very exciting to have Dr. Biffi now in the U.S. working on behalf of MLD. It is my hope that new interest will be sparked throughout the U.S. because of her presence here. As families who have been involved with Dr. Biffi’s gene therapy work in Italy have already experienced, I was greatly impressed by Dr. Biffi’s genuine concern for MLD and desire to make a difference. We, as MLD parents, obviously want to see research done on MLD because our children have been deeply affected by it. It is refreshing to see doctors with a heart for MLD born out of their own desire to make a difference.\nAt one point during our meeting we discussed the burden of responsiblity that many MLD families feel in paying it forward…helping others that will come after us even if our own children may not benefit. Dr. Biffi recognized that this has affected her very deeply in her own research and experience with MLD. She personally has experienced the selfless attitude of many families to do whatever it takes for the greater good, to make the world a better place in the future for MLD, even if we may not benefit immediately from it. I was touched by her emotion and recognition of the heart of MLD families as a whole.\nUltimately, I am encouraged. Things are happening for MLD, research is being done. Not as fast as I would like, but at least it is progress. Maybe, just maybe, our hope of a cure is coming….\nRegistration for our 2105 MLD Family Conference in Newark Delaware is underway and closes in just a couple of weeks. If you are a MLD Family we’re anxious to have you register.\nMany of your MLD Family will be there to meet, share, and socialize with.\nPlease bring your MLD loved one with you – we not only want to meet them, we have a special professional photographer to take your family’s photo while capturing the spirit of our special loved ones and the MLD journey through photography.\nYou will again find familiar faces in the Respite room to care for your other children and your MLD loved ones.\nThose with MLD angels are always lovingly encouraged to attend – you have so much to share with the rest of us and you will surely find folks that “just get it”.\n* Dr. Biffi will be attending (in person) and sharing/discussing the Milano gene therapy clinical trial.\n* Shire will be discussing their ERT clinical trial status and sharing some interim results.\n* Newborn screening … updates on the assay development, federal/state policy & actions, and the RUSP Roundtable we are organizing … and how you can help!\n* On Saturday, as usual, you will drive the Practical Care agenda, … including a discussion about medical marijuana & CBD oil .\n* We’re working hard on a special fun Saturday evening event, a memorial butterfly release, the traditional MLD “bashing”, and MLD After Hours.\nWe have many of the global MLD experts attending so you can meet them and ask any questions you may have.\nWith travel support and scholarships available, all you need to do is register! You can defer paying the modest registration fees for a few weeks if you need to, but we want to know you are coming so we save the right number of sleeping rooms!\nEarlier last month we had the opportunity to see several presentations about the Leukodystrophy Center of Excellence (CoE) at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia(CHOP), which opened today, May 1st.\nThe mission of the [CHOP Leukodystrophy CoE] center is “to deliver cutting-edge, integrated, multidisciplinary clinical care, diagnostic evaluation, and therapeutics to infants, children and youth with inherited white matter disease.”\nWe are excited about the multi-disciplinary approach of collaborative and comprehensive care this center is now providing for leukodystrophy patients and families. Under the directorship of Dr. Amy Waldman, care plans are being developed by teams of specialists, with a designated CHOP care coordinator and extensive family/caregiver involvement. The CHOP team will include a standard suite of specialists and will include additional experts from other CHOP specialties who will come and go as situations arise. Appointments and treatments will be consolidated into one day’s visit, where possible, so families don’t have to make multiple trips to the CoE thereby improving the scope of care and reducing the burden on families and patients. We are planning to have representatives from CHOP come and present at our MLD Family Conference™ in Delaware this July. We also hope to hear 1st hand reports from Philly area families about the CHOP CoE.\nMLD Foundation is an avid supporter of helping these existing centers work more closely together to improve patient care for all the leukodystrophies and to improve how network and clinical data is gathered, shared, and studied to improve care, advance understanding, and expedite therapies. This will require helping the centers to work more closely, establishing common methodologies, expanding their capabilities to serve all leukodystrophies, and putting more uniformity and structure into the clinical care and research strategies. As resources become available the program can be expanded to include CoE’s in other parts of the country so every leukodystrophy family has a CoE close to them.\nWe are actively working with GLIA (Global Leukodystrophy Initiative – a two-year old international collaboration of leukodystrophy clinical and research experts), industry pharma partners, advocacy groups, and other MLD experts to develop standards of care, registries for common data collection, resource directories, access to experts, training and awareness, and maybe even provide some seed funding to help new centers to launch. Imagine if these experts were able to implement CoE’s for leukodystrophies at all of their home medical centers – what a powerful and accessible clinical care and research force that network would be.\nMLD Foundation’s OpenNHS Manifesto offers a peek into how we think pre-clinical Natural History Study collaborations should operate. We’re thinking the CoE picture should have similar overriding and undergirding principles. Maybe an OpenCoE Manifesto is in order?\nA very interesting question came up today on the MLD Family Discussion List™ (a private list we run for MLD primary caregivers). I thought it might inspire some thinking so I am sharing my answer here as well:\nI have a question and I don’t know if anyone has an answer but I am wondering if anyone knows what truly stops this disease? Is it a normal enzyme level? Will the kids stop declining if the enzyme level stays normal? Are there other things that contribute to the stabilization of MLD??\nYour first guess is actually correct – we really don’t know. It will take lots of years of careful study looking at extended clinical trial/Phase III data, combined with more basic science bench work, natural history, and lots of patient & clinic reported progression/outcome data to really understand this disease. And on top of a basic understanding we have hundreds of mutations to study. We’re not planning on shutting down the MLD Foundation anytime soon!\nFrom a practical perspective, the generally accepted consensus is that if the enzyme level in the blood is high enough (remember that “normal” levels vary all over the map and carriers with low blood enzyme levels appear to be metabolically “normal” people) then MLD’s progression will be dramatically slowed or halted. There is truth in this first order basic assumption – but it’s just the start of our understanding.\nHowever (and not to scare you), there are three things to consider as we peel the MLD onion one layer (and there will be more subtleties as we further peel the MLD onion again in the future):\n1) The first is that enzyme in the blood is of no value – it needs to be in the nerve cells that need it. Today’s therapies are primarily focused at crossing the CNS (central nervous system) into the brain. We measure enzyme levels in the blood and the CNS because it’s possible – brain biopsies on living people are not good! The state of our ability to get enzyme’s large molecules reliably across the blood brain barrier (BBB) is in its infancy and the results are inconsistent at best. The Milano gene therapy acknowledges this challenge by trying to make sure that whatever gets across the BBB produces 5-10x more enzyme than is typical hoping that the overproducing cells will share enzyme with their neighbors. Think of a gas tank in a car – a full tank shows “F” on the dial, but the engine won’t run if the fuel filter (BBB) is blocking the gas from getting to the engine (the brain).\n2) The second thing to consider is once enzyme gets past the BBB will it get to all of the cells that need it? Are some/many of those cells already compromised or unreceptive, does the enzyme (actually it’s a protein) get distributed to all regions of the brain, are the cells fixed so they keep on producing the enzyme or are they waiting for anther infusion like Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) is designed to provide? To continue the car analogy – the car may run if only 3 cylinders (brain regions) get fuel (enzyme) but you really need fuel to get to all of the cylinders (regions of the brain) to have the optimal/desired performance.\n3) As mentioned, today’s therapies are primarily targeted at the brain/CNS, but our nervous system has a second component, the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) that needs to be “fixed” as well. The PNS makes sure the messages from the brain/CNS get to the muscles and systems elsewhere in the body. We have historically seen a lot of transplants where the brain progression is slowed (stopped?) but the motor skills continue to decline (witness the many post-transplant children in wheelchairs). The PNS is slightly different in its makeup than the CNS. It also has a barrier, sometimes called the Blood Nerve Barrier (BNB), which is different from the BBB. The common response when we ask why current research is focused on the CNS and not the PNS is that it makes sense to prioritize the CNS. The challenge is that, to our knowledge, very little work has been done on the PNS barrier aspects of MLD. The car analogy is when the engine is running but the car is in neutral – lots of power under the hood but it is not getting to the wheels (limbs & organs) so the car is not going anywhere.\nAlso remember that some of these therapies require time to take hold. The transplants need to engraft and the “good” cells take over/replace the bad cells before they can be effective. With ERT the thinking is they need to maintain somewhat consistent levels in the CNS which drives dosages and frequency of infusion. Different issues, progressions and concerns will be at different priorities during the various early and long-term phases of each therapy.\nAnd there are other therapies being developed as well … what if we reduced the amount of sulfatides produced so the little bit of enzyme that many MLD patients have doesn’t have to go as far? This is called substrate reduction therapy (SRT) and hopefully will require a small molecule which, like alcohol, can more easily cross the BBB. In the car analogy we still only get a little bit of gas through the clogged fuel filter – but what if the car was lighter and didn’t require as big an engine – their might be enough fuel getting by to be able to get from point A to point B?\nWe don’t have to completely understand all of this to make progress and see results in therapies. As I mentioned above, the studies will go on for many more years and hopefully, today’s therapies will be good, tomorrows will be better, and in 5 or 10 years they will be even better as we better understand MLD, the body systems and the therapies of today and the future. But for tomorrows therapies to be optimal, we do have to take the time to learn from every patient, every success, every valiant effort, every failure, and to explore every creative idea – many of which will lead us to increased knowledge even thought they are a practical dead-end.\nAt our upcoming Board meeting we are going to talk about investing in an independent formal MLD Registry to start to capture this scientific and medical history data in a more accessible scientifically managed database – we want the data to be there for future researchers to study when they have a creative idea. And by investing, I don’t just mean a few dollars, I mean that all of us, all of the MLD patients and their families, will be asked to contribute data as we begin to crowdsource MLD research in ways bigger than just one isolated project after another.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "INTERPRETATION OF CBC A complete blood count (CBC) gives important information about the kinds and numbers of cellsin the blood, especially red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. A CBC helps your doctor check any symptoms, such as weakness,fatigue, or bruising, you may have. A CBC also helps him or her diagnose conditions, such as anemia, infection, and many other disorders. A CBC test usually includes: White blood cell (WBC, leukocyte) count. White blood cells protect the body against infection. If an infection develops, white blood cells attack and destroy the bacteria, virus, or other organism causing it. White blood cells are bigger than red blood cells but fewer in number. When a person has a bacterial infection, the number of white cells rises very quickly. The number of white blood cells is sometimes used to find an infection or to see how the body is dealing withcancer treatment. White blood cell types (WBC differential). The major types of white blood cells are neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Immature neutrophils, called band neutrophils, are also part of this test. Each type of cell plays a different role in protecting the body. The numbers of each one of these types of white blood cells give important information about the immune system. Too many or too few of the different types of white blood cells can help find an infection, an allergic or toxic reaction to medicines or chemicals, and many conditions, such as leukemia. Red blood cell (RBC) count. Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. They also carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs so it can be exhaled. If the RBC count is low (anemia), the body may not be getting the oxygen it needs. If the count is too high (a condition called polycythemia), there is a chance that the red blood cells will clump together and block tiny blood vessels (capillaries). This also makes it hard for your red blood cells to carry oxygen. Hematocrit (HCT, packed cell volume, PCV). This test measures the amount of space (volume) red blood cells take up in the blood. The value is given as a percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood. For example, a hematocrit of 38 means that 38% of the blood's volume is made of red blood cells. Hematocrit and hemoglobin values are the two major tests that show if anemia or polycythemia is present. Hemoglobin (Hgb). The hemoglobin molecule fills up the red blood cells. It carries oxygen and gives the blood cell its red color. The hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in blood and is a good measure of the blood's ability to carry oxygen throughout the body. Red blood cell indices. There are three red blood cell indices: mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). They are measured by a machine and their values come from other measurements in a CBC. The MCV shows the size of the red blood cells. The MCH value is the amount of hemoglobin in an average red blood cell. The MCHC measures the concentration of hemoglobin in an average red blood cell. These numbers help in the diagnosis of different types of anemia. Red cell distribution width (RDW) can also be measured which shows if the cells are all the same or different sizes or shapes. Platelet (thrombocyte) count. Platelets (thrombocytes) are the smallest type of blood cell. They are important in blood clotting. When bleeding occurs, the platelets swell, clump together, and form a sticky plug that helps stop the bleeding. If there are too few platelets, uncontrolled bleeding may be a problem. If there are too many platelets, there is a chance of a blood clot forming in a blood vessel. Also, platelets may be involved in hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). Mean platelet volume (MPV). Mean platelet volume measures the average amount (volume) of platelets. Mean platelet volume is used along with platelet count to diagnose some diseases. If the platelet count is normal, the mean platelet volume can still be too high or too low. Your doctor may order a blood smear test to be done at the same time as a CBC but it is not part of the regular CBC test. In this test, a drop of blood is spread (smeared) on a slide and stained with a special dye. leukocyte) Conditions that can lower WBC values include chemotherapy and reactions to other medicines. lupus. AIDS. tuberculosis (TB). inflammatory bowel disease. long-term lung disease. some tumors. inflammation. . or surgery). some cancers. white blood cells. thyroid gland problems. Low values Red blood cell (RBC) Anemia lowers RBC values. underactive adrenal glands. kidney failure. Anemia can be caused by heavy menstrual bleeding. alcoholism. Conditions that affect the body's water content can also cause high RBC values. exposure to carbon monoxide. diarrhea or vomiting. injury. such as pernicious anemia. or Cushing's syndrome. and shape of red blood cells. lead poisoning. leukocyte) Conditions that cause high WBC values include infection. malaria. rheumatoid arthritis. which is a problem with absorbing vitamin B12. Platelets High platelet values may be seen with bleeding. damage to body tissues (such as a heart attack). liver disease. The RBC indices value and a blood smear may help find the cause of anemia. A large spleen can lower the WBC count. severe physical or emotional stress (such as a fever. The number. or a rare disorder of hemoglobin that binds oxygen tightly. kidney disease.lupus. sickle cell disease. a rare disorder of the bone marrow (polycythemia vera). size. burns. malaria.Addison's disease. excessive sweating. and platelets are recorded. severe burns. such as leukemia. malnutrition. some diseases like cancer. thalassemia. or reactions to some chemicals and medicines. iron deficiency. A lack of folic acid or vitamin B12 can also cause anemia. this is sometimes called spurious polycythemia. A low RBC value may also be seen if thespleen has been taken out. White blood cell (WBC. viral infections. and diseases such as cancer. These conditions include dehydration. alcoholism.stomach ulcers. Blood cells with different shapes or sizes can help diagnose many blood diseases. leukemia. White blood cell (WBC. A large spleen can lower the platelet count. High values Red blood cell (RBC) Conditions that cause high RBC values include smoking. or removal of the spleen can also cause high WBC values. certain forms of heart disease. or sickle cell disease. colon cancer. The slide is looked at under a microscope. and the use of diuretics. The use of corticosteroids. aplastic anemia. Platelets Low platelet values can occur in pregnancy or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and other conditions that affect how platelets are made or that destroy platelets. The lack of fluid in the body makes the RBC volume look high. certain medicines. or problems with the bone marrow. At some stage during the course of renal disease. Altered Laboratory Tests in Renal Disease The kidneys excrete metabolic waste products and regulate the serum concentration of a variety of substances.Interpretation of LFT Interpretation of RFT The kidneys The kidneys regulate the amount of water and salts that we have in our bodies. The kidneys also pass out certain waste products from the body. Urine is made up of the excess water. They do this by filtering the blood through millions of structures called nephrons. salts and waste products passed out by the kidneys down to the bladder. the following routinely . Creatinine is formed spontaneously at a constant rate from creatine. In renal disease with the nephritic syndrome. though not specific. Hyperphosphatemia.measured substances often become abnormal and the extent of the abnormality generally depends on the severity of the disease. Protein in serum can generally be maintained at concentrations above the lower limit of normal by increased hepatic protein synthesis so long as protein loss is less than about 3 g/day. however. hyperuricemia and acidosis (metabolic with an anion gap) do not develop until there is 70-80% loss of functional capacity (i. Urea formation is influenced by a number of factors such as liver function. the urinary protein excretion rate is usually about 1 .. However. Calcium deficiency. The extent of proteinuria also provides useful information. Determination of creatinine clearance. uric acid or bicarbonate.e. measurement of serum phosphate and uric acid is useful for monitoring the effect of therapy during chronic renal disease and/or the effects of attempts to minimize increased serum concentrations by restricting dietary intake of phosphate and nucleotides. unless impairment is rapid (as in acute renal failure) or is sufficiently severe to cause oliguria. does not usually result in frank hypocalcemia because secondary hyperparathyroidism develops as a compensatory response to maintain serum calcium concentrations within the normal range. and is therefore a very sensitive. Excretion rates of creatinine or urea (quantity in urine/day) do not change in renal disease. and so do not provide information about the status of renal function. do not provide a very sensitive indication of the possibility of renal disease. and blood concentrations depend almost solely upon GFR. in the renal failure stage) so that measurements of serum phosphate. urine protein is generally less than 1 g/day. Urea excretion also depends upon hydration status and the extent of water reabsorption as well as upon GFR. from measurement of creatinine concentration in both a 24 hour urine collection and a serum specimen. Bone calcium.4 g/day). Protein in urine is noticeably increased in renal disease of any etiology. Calcium deficiency and consequent osteomalacia is treated with . The greatest degree of proteinuria is found in the nephrotic syndrome ( > 3 . except obstruction. Only in the nephrotic syndrome is the urine protein loss sufficiently great to result in hypoproteinemia. In tubulo-interstitial disease. Acidosis is generally mild and without pathophysiologic consequences until the uremic stage. Serum creatinine and urea concentrations change inversely with changes in GFR and are therefore useful in gauging the degree of renal dysfunction. which occurs during the renal failure stage of chronic renal disease because of deficient renal activation of vitamin D. general screening test for renal disease. provides a clinically useful estimate of GFR. is lost in the process causing renal osteodystrophy which is typically a mild form of osteomalacia and is only rarely the more severe osteitis deformans (Van Ricklenhausen's disease) classically associated with primary hyperparathyroidism. Changes in serum creatinine concentration more reliably reflect changes in GFR than do changes in serum urea concentrations.2 g/day. protein intake and rate of protein catabolism. however. not useful for detecting or assessing the progression of renal disease. so long as intake is not extremely variable. unless renal dysfunction is sufficiently severe to cause oliguria. without hypoxic damage to renal tubule cells despite decreased renal blood flow. However. aldosterone elevation is ineffective in stimulating sodium reabsorption because of tubular damage so that urine sodium concentration is generally at least 25 mEq/L and often greater than 50 mEq/L. aldosterone effectively stimulates sodium reabsorption and urine sodium concentration is generally less than 30 mEq/L.activated vitamin D. serum calcium determinations are not useful for detecting or assessing the severity of renal disease. The fraction of filtered sodium excreted ( FENa) is a more discriminating parameter for evaluating tubular function and is determined by measurement of both serum and urine concentrations of sodium and creatinine: FENa = ( Nau/Nas) / ( Cru/Crs) . Evaluation of renal sodium reabsorption is. Electrolyte determinations are. Sodium and potassium homeostasis is maintained. therefore. but are useful for monitoring the effectiveness of vitamin D therapy and assuring that hypocalcemia is prevented. valuable for assessing tubule function and is useful for distinguishing whether rapidly developing azotemia is due to acute renal failure or to prerenal azotemia from a compensatory decrease in renal blood flow due to hypovolemia. there is considerable overlap in urine sodium concentrations between cases of prerenal azotemia and acute renal failure. In cases of prerenal azotemia. Although calcium metabolism is abnormal. In acute renal failure. Disposable pipets 4.5 mm in internal diameter. Various factors affect the ESR. . The straight tube is 30 cm long.5 ml sodium chloride in puncture ready vials 5. Label the puncture ready vial with the patient’s name. This numeric value is determined (in millimeters) by measuring the distance from the bottom of the surface meniscus to the top of erythrocyte sedimentation in a vertical column containing diluted whole blood that has remained perpendicular to its base for 60 minutes. such as RBC size and shape. and globulin levels. AND EQUIPMENT 1. Westergren rack 3. Westergren tubes 2. In abnormal conditions when RBCs can form rouleaux. SPECIMEN Fresh anticoagulated blood collected in EDTA. In normal whole blood. Remove cap from the puncture ready vial and add well mixed blood up to the line (see illustration). the RBC mass is small and therefore the ESR is decreased (cells settle out slowly). 0. the RBC mass is greater. Timer QUALITY CONTROL Commercial controls are available for this procedure. Hemolyzed specimens cannot be used. PROCEDURE 1. 3. plasma fibrinogen.ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE PRINCIPLE The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). SUPPLIES. The Westergren method is preferred by NCCLS standards because of its simplicity and greater distance of sedimentation measured in the longer Westergren tube. The method it replaces is called the Wintrobe method. Approximately 1 mL of blood is required. 2. measures the settling of erythrocytes in diluted human plasma over a specified time period. as well as mechanical and technical factors. The ESR is directly proportional to the RBC mass and inversely proportional to plasma viscosity. REAGENTS. the test must be set up within 6 hours. thus increasing the ESR (cells settle out faster). Leveling plate for holding the Westergren rack 6. and calibrated in millimeters from 0-200. Collect whole blood anticoagulated with EDTA. They will not be used for this exercise. If anticoagulated blood is refrigerated. 2. also called the sed rate. RBCs do not form rouleaux. Blood should be at room temperature and should be no more than 2 hours old. Vibration such as from a nearby centrifuge will cause a false ESR. MLAB 1315 Hematology Replace cap and invert 8 times making sure the blood and saline mix well. less than 6 hours refrigerated. Carefully insert the Westergren tube into plungeable vial cap of blood/diluent mixture twisting as you push the tube down. it is elevated. 6. Set timer for 1 hour. The ESR is elevated in established myocardial infarction but normal in angina pectoris. an angle of even 3 degrees from vertical can accelerate sedimentation by as much as 30%) 7. but not in osteoarthritis. 2.) REPORTING RESULTS Normal values Adult male 0-15 mm/hr Adult female 0-20 mm/hr PROCEDURE NOTES Sources of error 1. Incorrect ratio of blood to diluent 5. Bubbles in the Westergren tube 6. and pyogenic arthritis.must be less than 2 hours at room temperature. rheumatoid arthritis. the ESR is not elevated. Place the tube in the Westergren rack to a vertical position and leave undisturbed for exactly 1 hour. Do not include the buffy coat in this measurement. 7. It is elevated in rheumatic fever. but may be noticeable in cases of leukocytosis or thrombocytosis. the ESR is usually normal. 5. It is usually negligible. After 1 hour has passed. but it may rise later with a superimposed bacterial infection. early in the course of an uncomplicated viral infection.must be between 20-25 C and blood must be at room temperature. 8. read the distance in millimeters from the bottom of the plasma meniscus to the top of the sedimented erythrocytes. temperatuare will cause a false ESR. For example. The ESR can be an index to . Tilting of the Westergren tube (accelerates the fall of the erythrocytes. Within the first 24 hours of acute appendicitis. 3.EXERCISE 1: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate 4. 4. Temperature . Age of specimen . (The buffy coat is the layer of white cells and platelets at the interface of red cells and plasma. It can be used to differentiate among diseases with similar symptoms or to monitor the course of an existing disease. but in the early stage of acute pelvic inflammatory disease or ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Usefulness of the ESR The ESR is not a specific test therefore it is used for screening for certain disease conditions. 2. Factors affecting the ESR Increase Rouleaux formation Elevated fibrinogen Excess immunoglobulin Decrease Microcytes Sickle cells Spherocytes . It can therefore be expected that disease states that are characterized by hyperfibrinogenemia or elevated immunoglobulin levels will result in an increased ESR. This is observed with sickle cells and spherocytes. Biological factors affecting the ESR 1. The ESR is of little diagnostic value in severe anemia or in hematologic states evidenced by poikilocytosis.disease severity. Plasma factors Increased plasma concentration of fibrinogen. will result in rouleaux formation and an increased ESR. a decreased or low ESR is expected. RBC factors When rouleaux formation cannot occur. along with immunoglobulin. owing to the shape or size of the RBC.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Intraoperative fluid optimization using stroke volume variation in high risk surgical patients: results of prospective randomized study.Crit Care. 2010; 14(3):R118.CC\nStroke volume variation (SVV) is a good and easily obtainable predictor of fluid responsiveness, which can be used to guide fluid therapy in mechanically ventilated patients. During major abdominal surgery, inappropriate fluid management may result in occult organ hypoperfusion or fluid overload in patients with compromised cardiovascular reserves and thus increase postoperative morbidity. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of SVV guided fluid optimization on organ functions and postoperative morbidity in high risk patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.\nPatients undergoing elective intraabdominal surgery were randomly assigned to a Control group (n = 60) with routine intraoperative care and a Vigileo group (n = 60), where fluid management was guided by SVV (Vigileo/FloTrac system). The aim was to maintain the SVV below 10% using colloid boluses of 3 ml/kg. The laboratory parameters of organ hypoperfusion in perioperative period, the number of infectious and organ complications on day 30 after the operation, and the hospital and ICU length of stay and mortality were evaluated. The local ethics committee approved the study.\nThe patients in the Vigileo group received more colloid (1425 ml [1000-1500] vs. 1000 ml [540-1250]; P = 0.0028) intraoperatively and a lower number of hypotensive events were observed (2[1-2] Vigileo vs. 3.5[2-6] in Control; P = 0.0001). Lactate levels at the end of surgery were lower in Vigileo (1.78 +/- 0.83 mmol/l vs. 2.25 +/- 1.12 mmol/l; P = 0.0252). Fewer Vigileo patients developed complications (18 (30%) vs. 35 (58.3%) patients; P = 0.0033) and the overall number of complications was also reduced (34 vs. 77 complications in Vigileo and Control respectively; P = 0.0066). A difference in hospital length of stay was found only in per protocol analysis of patients receiving optimization (9 [8-12] vs. 10 [8-19] days; P = 0.0421). No difference in mortality (1 (1.7%) vs. 2 (3.3%); P = 1.0) and ICU length of stay (3 [2-5] vs. 3 [0.5-5]; P = 0.789) was found.\nIn this study, fluid optimization guided by SVV during major abdominal surgery is associated with better intraoperative hemodynamic stability, decrease in serum lactate at the end of surgery and lower incidence of postoperative organ complications.\nCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN95085011.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Shalev Wins Lifetime Achievement Award\nDecember 1, 2007\nEach year at its Annual Meeting, ISTSS presents awards in recognition of achievements made in the field of traumatic stress studies. The 2007 awards ceremony was held Thursday evening, November 15, in the Grand Ballroom of the Baltimore Marriott Waterfront Hotel. Details of individual award recipients will be featured in this publication throughout the year, beginning with the Lifetime Achievement Award in this issue. Award winners were announced in the October issue of StressPoints.\nArieh Shalev, MD, is the 2007 recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award, the highest honor given by ISTSS. It is awarded to the individual who has made great lifetime contributions to the field of traumatic stress. A prominent psychiatrist and researcher, Shalev has stood as a leading figure in the field for more than 30 years.\nAmong many other accomplishments, Dr. Shalev is professor of psychiatry and chair of the Department of Psychiatry at Hadassah University Hospital in Jerusalem, and is the founding director of the Centre for Traumatic Stress at the same hospital.\nHe is the editor and co-founder of Sihot (Dialogue), the Israel Journal of Psychotherapy. In addition, he has published two books, “Traumatic Stress and its Consequences: A Primer for Helping Professionals,” and “International Handbook of Human Response to Trauma,” along with countless articles in peer-reviewed journals.\nArieh Shalev accepts the Lifetime Achievement Award from then-ISTSS President Elana Newman\nDr. Shalev's research has focused on the etiology, course and treatment of PTSD in adults. According to Rivka Tuval Mashiach, PhD, of the Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Israel, “Dr. Shalev is studying stress and the sequel of responses to trauma using longitudinal approaches. Using a prospective design, he became one of the experts on early responses to trauma, and on evaluation and treatment in the acute phase following traumatic events. His studies include the course of early symptoms, the psychophysiology of evolving PTSD, responses to the trauma of terrorism, evidence–based treatments for PTSD, and genetic markers of persistent PTSD symptoms.”\nHis research has been tremendously influential on the traumatic stress community in Israel and internationally. A well-respected pioneer in his field, he has received numerous grants, including several from NIH/NIMH.\nDr. Shalev earned his MD at the Faculté de Medecine in Montpellier, France. He has taught at the Tel Aviv School of Medicine, New York Medical College, and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, Md.\nISTSS previously granted Dr. Shalev the Robert S. Laufer Memorial Award for Outstanding Scientific Achievement in the Field of PTSD in 1995. He has also received the Meritorious Service Award from the Uniformed Service University of the Health Sciences, and the Weiler Award from the Israel Ministry of Justice.\nHis commitment to understanding the nature of trauma and its effects makes him a truly deserving winner of ISTSS's top honor.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This system of human development functions as an organized measure to promote and provide treatment in which individuals reach. And other basic wellness services to all the members of the community it.\nUse the 19 social categories in the journal of transcultural nursing (vol.\nHealth care system in the philippines essay. Regardless of the assessment criteria, the healthcare system in the philippines is steadily improving. Its end is to supply first assistance. The universal health care (uhc) was implemented to address the inequities in the health system.\nAlso, many insurance companies, agents, lawyers, and doctors, pharmaceutical companies, medical suppliers and even hospitals all compete for money in a cutthroat fashion. The philippine health care system. The universal healthcare act will add preventive health care services to existing philhealth benefits, such as free consultation fees, laboratory tests, and other diagnostic procedures.\nAs a partial result of deficiencies in the healthcare delivery system, the average life expectancy for the philippines in 2014 was 68.2, which is significantly below the world average and other east asian countries. The department of health (doh) lists 1,071 licensed private hospitals, and 721. Health care in the philippines essay.\nAnother reason why people would dream of coming to united states would be the health care received. Examining the filipino culture's health disparities, health related practices, and health care outcomes. Cover dental costs thesis statement:\nProviding uniform and universal healthcare for all, regardless of race or stature, can only improve our country. These are viewed as “essential for the enjoyment by all the people of the blessings of democracy.”. The philippine health system 3.1 health facilities, personnel and the distribution of medicines 3.2 regional dissimilarities and the devolution 3.3 health care utilization 3.4 the main sector priorities for health.\nPublic healthcare in the philippines is administered by philhealth, a government owned corporation. A health care system is a framework of interrelated, interacting, and interdependent descriptions of human development in a given country, region, or community. In a 2018 review of the philippine health care system, manuel m.\nHospitals are classified based on ownership as public or private hospitals. I have family members who came and hope to come to the united states from the philippines to get great medical care. Health facilities health facilities in the philippines include government hospitals, private hospitals and primary health care facilities.\nMaternal and child wellness attention. However, our health care system is not quiet. A typology of common issues, challenges, and priorities are generated for the diverse mix of health systems of southeast asia at different stages of socioeconomic development (see webappendix.\nThe health care system in the philippines has undergone dramatic changes in the last 20 years as the government has instituted various reforms and policies to provide easy access to health benefits for every filipino. The network of health facilities and personnel which carries out the task of rendering health care to the people. Is a complex set of organizations interacting to provide an array of health services (dizon, 1977).\nEnrolling with philhealth is mandatory for expats who are employed in the philippines. Describe and assess the culture of. Philippines verses united states health care system everyone wants to go to the united states for freedom.\nAs pharmacists, we are part of this cadre, and we should feel privileged to be able to contribute to the health of others in such a special way. 1892 words | 8 pages. Dental care costs should be covered under the umbrella of canada’s publicly funded health care system because o**l health is linked to our overall health, the current insurance scheme widens the gap between the rich and poor, and the dire need for universal dental coverage is rather a major social and health care issue that has to be acted upon by the.\nThe health of a health care system. Its mandate is to ensure that every filipino receives affordable and quality health care that is accessible, efficient, adequately funded, fairly financed, and appropriately used. Healthcare, education, welfare and other aspects of the society are the primary concern of the state.\nDepartment of health (doh) secretary francisco duque iii said that the law will change the country’s present health care system from being “used to taking care of the sick to one that is used to keeping people healthy.” The quality of many health care professionals is what makes our health care system outstanding. As such, all filipino citizens are entitled to free medical care through the philippine health insurance corporation, known as philhealth.\nAbove all, this is thanks to government reforms that are moving the country closer to a universal system. 21) to assist in defining the social status. Men and residents of impoverished regions of the.\nComprising 50% of the health system but regulatory functions of the government have yet to be fully maximized. Health financing in the philippines 4.1 financing resources and agents 4.1.1 public spending 4.1.2 private spending 4.1.3.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "AchieveTMS is the leading provider of TMS depression treatments. With over 500 patients treated and countless success stories, we’ve brought hope back to those who have been suffering in silence.\nReduced depression severity on average by 49% (PHQ-9 Score)\nThe Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a is a self-administered tool for common mental disorders. The PHQ-9 is the depression module, which scores each of the nine DSM-IV criteria and has been validated for use in primary care.\nIt is used to monitor the severity of depression and response to treatment.\nIn a survey of 209 respondents…\n…with an average depression severity of Moderately Severe (17.39), the dTMS treatments reduced overall severity by an average of 49% resulting in depression severity of Mild (8.83) by end of the treatments.\nPHQ-9 Depression Screening\n0 of 9 questions completed\nAchieve TMS offers an online version of the commonly used Depression Screening tool called the PHQ-9. The nine items of the PHQ-9 are based directly on the nine diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder in the DSM-IV.\nYou have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.\nQuiz is loading...\nYou must sign in or sign up to start the quiz.\nYou have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:\nTime has elapsed\nYou have reached 0 of 0 points, (0)\n0 to 4 Points: No depression 5 to 9 Points: Mild depression 10 to 14 Points: Moderate depression 15 to 19 Points: Moderately severe depression 20 to 27 Points: Severe depression\nIf you scored over 10 on the PHQ-9 please contact us right away for a free consultation:\nQuestion 1 of 9\nLittle interest or pleasure in doing things?\nQuestion 2 of 9\nFeeling down, depressed, or hopeless?\nQuestion 3 of 9\nTrouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much?\nQuestion 4 of 9\nFeeling tired or having little energy?\nQuestion 5 of 9\nPoor appetite or overeating?\nQuestion 6 of 9\nFeeling bad about yourself – or that you are a failure or have let yourself or your family down?\nQuestion 7 of 9\nTrouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching television?\nQuestion 8 of 9\nMoving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed? Or the opposite – being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual?\nQuestion 9 of 9\nThoughts that you would be better off dead, or of hurting yourself in some way?", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Access Pass Member Exclusive\nPrint Resource — US Letter — 1 page\nThis handout describes diagnoses that can lead to pacemaker placement, what the surgery and follow up look like, and guidelines for living with a pacemaker. It can be used as a resource for patient and caregiver education.\nWant access to this printable resource and thousands more? Add Printables to your Access Pass.\nCreate or modify your custom Access Pass subscription to get instant and easy access to handouts, therapy materials, clinical tools, research summaries, and continuing education courses so that you can spend your valuable time doing what you do best: Connecting with your patients and changing lives for the better.\nSubscribe to Printables\nAlready subscribed to Printables? Log in to access this member exclusive.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "British Prime Minister Boris Johnson received his first dose of the AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine on Friday and urged the public to do the same, saying “he did not feel a thing.”\nJohnson, 56, received his vaccine at the same hospital where almost a year ago he was put in an intensive care unit and given oxygen via a tube in his nose after he contracted the virus and fell seriously ill. He later said he was so sick that plans were drawn up on how to announce his death.\n“I literally did not feel a thing. It was very good, very quick,” Johnson said after receiving the injection at St Thomas’ Hospital in London. “I cannot recommend it too highly, everybody when you do get your notification to go for a jab, please go and get it, it is the best thing for you, best thing for your family and for everyone else.”\nPictures showed the prime minister wearing a black mask, a shirt and tie with his sleeve rolled up while a nurse gives him the vaccine.\nBritain broke its record for the most coronavirus shots given out in one day on Friday and almost half of all adults have received one dose, making it one of the fastest countries in the world to roll out a vaccine program.\nThis success has helped the ruling Conservatives regain the lead over the main opposition Labour Party in opinion polls after the prime minister last year was accused of acting too slowly to stop the spread of the virus.\nJohnson received his vaccine as European countries on Friday resumed using the AstraZeneca shot after regulators said its benefits outweighed any risks following recent reports of blood clots.\nCountries including Germany and France reversed their decision to temporarily pause its use after reports of about 30 cases of rare brain blood clots sent scientists and governments scrambling to determine any link.\nThe AstraZeneca vaccine, developed by scientists at the University of Oxford, has also been at the centre of tensions between Britain and the European Union, after Brussels expressed anger over the lack of deliveries of the shot coming from Britain.\nScientists are exploring several possibilities that might explain at least 18 reports of extremely rare blood clots in the brain that occurred in individuals in the days and weeks after receiving the AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Can The Edmonton Obesity Staging System Provide A Path For New Anti-Obesity Drugs?Monday, August 22, 2011\nAs readers of these pages are well aware, there is currently only one prescription drug (orlistat) for the long-term management of obesity and recent applications for new anti-obesity drugs have run into considerable obstacles with licensing agencies, not least the US Food and Drug Administration.\nThus, despite meeting criteria for efficacy, recent applications for new anti-obesity drugs were rejected due to safety concerns, the argument being that the expected widespread use of these drugs warrants higher standards of safety than for drugs in other therapeutic areas.\nThis may well be true, if anti-obesity drugs are indeed to be made freely available (even on prescription) and are to be used without careful consideration of the risk/benefit ratio.\nAs discussed previously in the context of bariatric surgery, the risk side of this equation is not limited to the ‘risk’ associated with treatment but must also include the ‘risk’ associated with not treating the condition.\nAs our recent papers on the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) clearly show, the ‘risk’ associated with obesity varies considerably – from virtually no risk for patients with EOSS 0 to very significant and immediate risk for patients with EOSS 3.\nSo, while even the smallest treatment-related risk may be unacceptable for treating obesity in a patient with EOSS 0, a higher level of risk would be certainly be acceptable with higher EOSS stages – or in other words – the greater the risk of not treating, the greater the acceptable risk for a potentially beneficially treatment (which, for e.g., is why cancer warrants the considerable treatment risks of chemotherapy).\nOf course, this would mean that rather than having to prove the safety and efficacy of anti-obesity drugs in anyone with a BMI over 30, it may be enough to show that these drugs are effective and safe enough to warrant their use in people with higher EOSS stages (2/3) – the greater the risk of the target population, the greater the acceptable risk of treatment.\nThis should not be difficult. We know that many of the conditions that patients with EOSS 2/3 present with can be ameliorated even with rather modest weight loss. For these patients, the 5-10% sustainable reductions in body weight that can be achieved with anti-obesity drugs, can have very significant health benefits, which would easily outweigh and justify a reasonable risk of adverse effects – a risk that may be unacceptable in patients presenting with EOSS 0/1 obesity.\nThis, of course means rewriting some of the approval criteria and guidelines for anti-obesity drugs, but also requires redesigning pharmacological trials to focus on the high-risk EOSS 2/3 patients rather than on the low-risk EOSS 0/1 patients.\nI certainly look forward to following how this discussion evolves and wether or not we can indeed find a way out of the current impasse of anti-obesity drug development and approval.\nPadwal RS, Pajewski NM, Allison DB, & Sharma AM (2011). Using the Edmonton obesity staging system to predict mortality in a population-representative cohort of people with overweight and obesity. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l’Association medicale canadienne PMID: 21844111\nKuk JL, Ardern CI, Church TS, Sharma AM, Padwal R, Sui X, & Blair SN (2011). Edmonton Obesity Staging System: association with weight history and mortality risk. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme PMID: 21838602", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Maria Inês Almeida is a Project Leader at Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) and an Assistant Investigator at Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto. Her research interests are centered on molecular engineering, particularly on the use of non-coding RNAs (microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Her scientific career has been devoted to the study of biological processes and molecular pathways associated with non-coding RNAs. In 2006, Maria Ines Almeida completed her University Degree in Biology from the University of Minho, Portugal. After an internship at Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands, she joined Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) where she worked in microbiology and cancer research. In 2009, she enrolled on a PhD program in Health Sciences and moved to MDAnderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, USA, aiming to investigate the role of non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer. While working on her PhD, she was involved in several projects in different tumor types. She studied microRNAs and long-non-coding RNAs in order to find new tumor targets and novel therapeutic strategies for cancer. She completed her PhD in 2012. She then joined Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB) to search how non-coding RNAs could promote tissue regeneration and repair, and modulate inflammation. She is also interested in using extracellular vesicles/exosomes-mediated microRNA and RNA molecules for regenerative medicine. Her current ambition is to develop alternative treatments using non-coding RNA as tools to improve recovery time and quality of life for patients who suffer bone fractures, or have been diagnosed with osteoarticular conditions, including bone diseases.\nMain research topics: Molecular Biology, Bioengineering, Regenerative Medicine and Cancer.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "PURPOSE: We aimed to compare the complication rate between port catheters (PC) and peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) for the administration of postoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer.\nMETHODS: All patients treated from January 2010 to August 2012 at the Centre Henri Becquerel for early breast cancer requiring postoperative chemotherapy were retrospectively screened. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of a major complication related to the central venous catheter. Major complications were defined as any grade 3 event according to CTCAE 4.0, delay in chemotherapy >7 days, change of the device, life-threatening event, event requiring a hospitalization, or a prolongation of hospitalization.\nRESULTS: A total of 448 patients were included; 290 had a PC and 158 a PICC. Overall, 31 major complications related to the central venous catheter were observed: 13 for patients with a PC (4.5 %) and 18 for patients with a PICC (11.4 %). In univariate analysis, having a PICC was the only factor significantly associated with a higher risk of major complications (HR = 2.83, p = 0.0027). We observed a trend for a higher risk of major complications for patients older than 60 years or with BMI >25 (p = 0.06). In multivariate analysis, having a PICC was the only predictive factor of major complications (HR = 2.89, p = 0.004).\nCONCLUSIONS: In univariate and multivariate analysis, having a PICC instead of a PC was the only predictive factor of device-related major complication. If confirmed prospectively by the NCT02095743 ongoing trial, this result might modify the management of adjuvant chemotherapy administration.\nLefebvre, L., Noyon, E., Georgescu, D., Proust, V., Alexandru, C., Leheurteur, M., Thery, J.C., Savary, L., Rigal, O., Di Fiore, F., Veyret, C. and Clatot, F. (2015) Port catheter versus peripherally inserted central catheter for postoperative chemotherapy in early breast cancer: a retrospective analysis of 448 patients. Supportive Care in Cancer. September 5th. .\nThank you to our partners for supporting IVTEAM", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Ask the Expert (Research Focus): Deep Brain Stimulation - Australian advances and research\nOnline Session via Zoom (map)\nWed 29th Jun 2022, 5:30pm to 6:30pm (1 hour)\nIn this Ask the Expert session, we will hear the latest news on Australian-based research on Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) and how this is further advancing this important treatment option.\nFight Parkinson's is pleased to present the new online webinar series, Ask The Expert.\nEach session will feature a respected leader in their field discussing a topic of interest related to living with Parkinson’s.\nHear the latest news on Australian-based research into Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson’s from Dr Wes Thevathasan at our Ask the Expert session on Wednesday 29 June.\nPre-submit your questions during registration.\nAny questions? Please email firstname.lastname@example.org or call us on 03 8809 0400", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Best Heart Valve Expert in Jaipur | Rajasthan | India – The menace of Heart problems has now increased to a whole new level. Today, its tough to find the Best Heart Valve Expert not only in Rajasthan, but all over India. Almost in all of the Bigger hospitals, you can see their scarcity. Moreover, heart disease is the fastest growing disease in India which holds the major death ratio in India. as per the study in major cases patients unable to understands the cause of the heart attack.\nThe reason vary a lot, from unconventional eating habits, impure food consumption, and degraded environment to the carelessness towards exercises. This has lead to the increase in the heart patients year after year.\nThis is one of the biggest reasons being the ever increasing demand for Best Heart Valve Expert in India everywhere. Now, more and more specialists need to be employed.\nBest Heart Valve Expert in Jaipur | Rajasthan | India, makes the patient aware by the symptoms of a heart attack. Not only that, they can teach you some of the elementary precautions you should know for situations like this.\nHere are the symptoms of a heart attack –\n- squeezing pain in the center of the chest\n- uncomfortable pressure experience\n- pain or discomfort pain spreading beyond the chest to shoulder, neck, back, jaw both arms and teeth\n- nausea and lightheaded,\nSo, these are some symptoms explained by the best heart valve expert in Rajasthan | India.\nBest Heart Valve Expert in Jaipur | Rajasthan | India\nThe matters of the heart and its surgeries are very delicate and can be intense at times. To deal with such intricate matters, we need very qualified and experienced experts. You can get the help of most sought-after consultant, Dr. Ravinder Singh Rao, who is the best heart valve expert in Jaipur | Rajasthan | India.\nHis specialties in the domain of interventional cardiology make him the best heart expert in Jaipur | Rajasthan | India. He is head of the Complex Angioplasty and TAVI program, also a chief interventional cardiologist. He is considered as one of the best doctors in this field. Medical industry in India is flourishing because of such incredible medical professionals. His capabilities as a heart valve expert are unparalleled in Jaipur, Rajasthan. Not only that, he’s a great human being to meet in person too.\nHis knowledge of the latest technology and recent trends in medical science enhances his capabilities to be the best Heart Expert in Jaipur and his name is popular at the national level and right up their among the few highest ranked cardiologists in India. for more details and checkup please visit www.drravindersinghrao.com\nAngioplasty Process By Best Cardiologist in India- Dr. Ravinder Singh Rao\nAngioplasty is a process of unblocking of blood vessels. before entering into the angioplasty process we first have to know the reasons for angioplasty. Best heart valve expert in India explains it in simple language, angioplasty is needed when a person gets a cardiac arrest or in case of blocking of blood vessels especially a coronary artery. when blood vessels coronary artery get blocked due to blood clot, fat, calcium any reason the blood flow gets affected and heart will not able to pump the proper blood flow which causes an improper supply of oxygen to the heart. The heart treatment patients will undergo the angioplasty for the long run life of a heart.\nHeart Valve Expert in Rajasthan follows the different protocols to perform the angioplasty. The procedure used under angioplasty the process explained by the best heart valve expert in India tiny balloon is guided by the catheter to blockage area after that balloon is for a short time period inflated to push the plaque and opens the arty to boost blood flow to the heart. doctors also use the balloon to place the stent in the artery to keep it open. In the latest procedure, some angioplasty expert removes the blood clots with a small vacuum device.\nSo, now you know who is to consult when you need Best Heart Valve Expert in Jaipur | Rajasthan | India. Hence, Dr. Rao is an expert of his field, and when in times like these when the hearts are unhealthy, you need people like him. Also, you keep yourself healthy, or get ready to meet Dr. Rao because you can count on him.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Is tai chi beneficial for those with fibromyalgia?\nScience: Yes, after 12 weeks those doing tai chi had reduced their FIQ score by 18.4 points more than those in the control group.\nConclusion: Tai chi appears to reduce the symptoms of fibromyalgia for most participants.\nNon-pharmacologic treatments are needed\nFibromyalgia is a common and poorly understood pain disorder that afflicts an estimated 200 million or more people worldwide. Pharmacological treatments for fibromyalgia are not available to the vast majority of these individuals.\nEven when available, prescription treatments for fibromyalgia are often marginally effective or entirely ineffective. Standard drug treatments are also associated with frequent and often severe side effects.\nTherefore non-pharmaceutical treatments that provide meaningful relief could be of great benefit to all, but especially to those without access to prescription drugs.\nTai chi, also called tai chi chuan, is a form of Chinese martial art which is largely practiced for its perceived health benefits and to ensure longevity.\nThere are numerous ‘forms’ of tai chi, but each involves a series of postures or movements performed in a slow, deliberative manner with continuous flowing motion. The effect is low impact exercise and gentle muscle stretching.\nThe clinical trial summarized below utilized the classic Yang style of tai chi. The results after 12 weeks were impressive. In fact it has been observed that no intervention to date has shown a better outcome.\nFor that reason, it’s good to be somewhat cautious in interpreting the results. In fact the study authors admit a number of limitations, including the difficulty of constructing a ‘placebo’ appropriate to a non-pharmaceutical intervention.\nBut that’s always going to be the case for ‘non-pill’ treatments. So if we’re to identify treatments other than ‘pills’ that may be effective in fibromyalgia, we’ll just have to put up with a little uncertainty regarding the ‘placebo’. What’s certain is that the authors made a genuine attempt to include a control, and that they’ve brought to light what might be for many people a very effective treatment.\nA randomized trial of tai chi for fibromyalgia.\nSummary of the Abstract\nTai chi may offer therapeutic benefit for patients with fibromyalgia. Therefore a trials was conducted in which tai chi was compared with wellness education and stretching, which served as the ‘control’ in this trial.\nTwo 60 minute sessions were conducted each week for 12 weeks. The primary end point was a change in the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) score at the end of 12 weeks, with subsequent determination at 24 weeks.\nA total of 66 patients were studied, half of which participated in the tai chi class and half in the ‘control’ activities. After 12 weeks, FIQ scores for the tai chi group were decreased by 18.4 points more than the decrease observed for the ‘control’ group. (Actual measured decrease was 27.8 for the tai chi group and 9.4 for the control group.)\nThe difference between tai chi and control groups remained stable at 24 weeks with a difference between treatment and control of 18.3 points.\nTai chi may therefore be useful in the treatment of fibromyalgia.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "North Shore Physical Wellness is the destination for health and physical wellness on the North Shore of Chicago, IL. We offer physical wellness solutions such as chiropractic care, physical therapy, custom molded orthotics, massage therapy and acupuncture to patients of all ages and for a wide array of conditions. We pride ourselves on finding the cause of the problem and not simply treating the symptoms.\nAt North Shore Physical Wellness we strive to have a customer service mentality to healthcare, keeping you informed every step of the way, catering to your wants and needs, as well as keeping all appointment wait times to a minimum. We also work with an established referral network of medical doctors, neurologists, and orthopedists should your condition require a “team approach”.\n• Highland Park", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "I haven t been able to exercise because of my lethargy and constant exhaustion.Unless a gal is getting paid to walk a runway or posing for Vogue.\nI will be looking into your question and guiding you through the process.Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) is a...Xarelto Weight Gain - Talk to an experienced Xarelto Lawyer today to file a Xarelto Injury Lawsuit - (844) 549-0883.Find a comprehensive guide to possible side effects including common and rare side effects when taking Xarelto (Rivaroxaban Film-Coated Oral Tablets) for healthcare.Includes 46 patient rankings on scale of 1-5, comments, side effects, dosage, sex, age, time taken.Find information about common, infrequent and rare side effects of Xarelto Oral.\nCommonly Used Brand Name(s) Xarelto. confusion, dizziness, nausea, rapid weight gain, swelling of the face, ankles, or hands,.Please get yourself evaluated for the weight loss if you feel its significant enough.Are you (or someone you care for) currently taking this drug.The link between lisinopril and weight gain is a matter of debate.\nI can put the weight on, but I lose I seem to lose it, plus some, almost immediately.Ketoconazole should only be used to treat fungal infections. loss of appetite, weight loss.Find patient medical information for Xarelto Oral on WebMD including its uses, side effects and safety, interactions, pictures, warnings and user ratings.Rivaroxaban: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus.\nThe information reflected here is dependent upon the correct functioning of our algorithm.Daily I am doing hand practice and but aftr tht I take heavy diet aftr eating thn again I think to do hand practice that s y I think I am going day by day silm and my face is also going week tell me what I should do.Uses: Xarelto is taken to prevent Blood Clots and is mostly mentioned together with this indication.\nUsage of the website does not substitute professional medical advice.Do I need to bridge patients with heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) to XARELTO.Treato does not review third-party posts for accuracy of any kind, including for medical diagnosis or treatments, or events in general.\nComplete analysis from patient reviews and trusted online health resources, including first-hand experiences.But my food intake was only minimally reduced, if at all, during those 15 months and I have no other known health issues.I fell like I am pregnant.I eat less and the weight just keeps coming.The makers of Pradaxa and Xarelto say it takes time for doctors to get up to speed on new types of treatments and how to best administer them outside.I barely make it through a day. is there anything I can do to help with the weight.Sign in Sign in with facebook Or sign in with facebook First time here.I m afraid I ll just waste away.what else could cause this and what should I.The drug may also cause uncontrolled bleeding that can lead to hospitalization and.\nSave 1 2 3 Next 58 posts mention Xarelto and Weight Loss - did you have this too.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "If you want to get advice and support with your nutrition, you are welcome here to MKCareSweden where you will meet me Sofie who is a educated lic. nutrition adviser. I help you with weight loss, nutrition schedules, healthy weight gain or if you just want to get advice regarding your nutrition, for example related to diabetes m.m. Before the first visit, you must have filled in a food diary that you can send to your email, so that I can get an overview of what the normal nutrition intake looks like.\nThen during the visit we talk through your goals of changing your nutriton, as well as doing a health examination (BIA measurement/body composition, blood pressure, heart rate and any blood tests if you wish it as an additional service), and we will set up a plan on how you want to proceed further.\nMy goal is to get a healthy view of food without direct bans, and that it will become a sustainable lifestyle. Also has a special focus when it comes to recovery from eating disorders.\nFor more information or for booking, please contact firstname.lastname@example.org", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Availability: In Stock\nAverage Delivery Time: 9 Days\nExp. Date: December 2026\n|Inderal 80 mg|\n270 pills - 80 mg\n+ 4 free Viagra 100 mg, 3% discount for future orders\n|$111.97||$0.41||$90.49||Add to cart|\n|180 pills - 80 mg||$83.91||$0.47||$51.06||Add to cart|\n|120 pills - 80 mg||$63.99||$0.53||$25.99||Add to cart|\n|90 pills - 80 mg||$54.78||$0.61||$12.71||Add to cart|\n|60 pills - 80 mg||$44.99||$0.75||No||Add to cart|\n|Inderal 40 mg|\n|270 pills - 40 mg||$86.97||$0.32||$110.81||Add to cart|\n|180 pills - 40 mg||$69.99||$0.39||$61.86||Add to cart|\n|90 pills - 40 mg||$52.33||$0.58||$13.60||Add to cart|\n|60 pills - 40 mg||$43.95||$0.73||No||Add to cart|\n|Inderal 20 mg|\n|270 pills - 20 mg||$83.66||$0.31||$94.95||Add to cart|\n|180 pills - 20 mg||$67.99||$0.38||$51.08||Add to cart|\n|90 pills - 20 mg||$50.93||$0.57||$8.61||Add to cart|\n|60 pills - 20 mg||$39.69||$0.66||No||Add to cart|\n|Inderal 10 mg|\n|270 pills - 10 mg||$64.55||$0.24||$79.41||Add to cart|\n|180 pills - 10 mg||$51.99||$0.29||$43.98||Add to cart|\n|90 pills - 10 mg||$38.99||$0.43||$9.00||Add to cart|\n|60 pills - 10 mg||$31.99||$0.53||No||Add to cart|\nInderal is used for high blood pressure treatment, stenocardia prevention (chest pain), heart condition control, caused by hypertrophic stenosis, quick heart rhythm prevention, life improvement after heart attack at some patients, tremor treatment, migraine prevention and adrenals edema symptoms prevention.\nUse Inderal in accordance with your doctor indications.\n- take this drug every day at the same time before or after meal;\n- do not take antacids containing aluminium within 2 hours after Inderal intake;\n- continue using Inderal even if you feel better within several days. Do not miss any dose.\nMechanism of action\nInderal is beta-adrenergic blocker. It works by slowing the heart works and decreasing blood pressure by thus helping to decrease heart load.\nTake Inderal as soon as you remember about it. If it happened during next dosage intake time take missed dose and then follow intake schedule. The intake of two pills in one day is prohibited.\nStore Inderal at the temperature of 68 -77 F degrees (20 -25 С degrees). Short term storage at the temperature of 59 -86 F degrees (15 ° -30 ° С) is not allowed. Keep away from the sources of heat, humidity and light. Do not store at bathroom. Keep Inderal away from children and pets.\nDo not use Inderal if:\n- you are allergic to any of its component;\n- you have slow heart beat, you had heart attack, you have low blood pressure or heart insufficiency;\n- you have asthma or Reino disease;\n- you are a child, you suffer from diabetes or heart insufficiency;\n- you take mibefradil.\nContact your doctor at once if any of the following relates to you.\n- do not drive if you take Inderal for the first time.\n- consult with your doctor about alcohol usage during Inderal intake.\n- patients taking the drugs used for high blood pressure treatment feel tired often. You are to keep taking this drug even if you do not feel really good. Inform your doctor if you noticed any new symptom.\n- Inderal can mask the signs of hypertheriosis (thyroid gland increased activity). If you have thyroid gland increased activity this drug intake can cause hypertherosis (increased heart beat) .\n- patients having heavy allergic reactions can become more sensitive to allergens when taking Inderal. These patients might not react to adrenaline usual doses (adrenaline).\n- Diabetes. Inderal can hide the signs of sugar low level in blood and the heart beat might increase. Mind following other signs of sugar low level in blood. Sugar low level in blood can cause agitation, perspiration, giddiness, sleepiness or fainting. It can decrease vision, cause headache, shivering or the feeling of hunger. Check sugar blood level. Consult with your doctor before changing the dose.\n- inform your dentist or doctor about Inderal intake before getting any medical or dental assistance, urgent medical assistance or surgery.\n- Inderal can influence the results of some tests such as glaucoma screening test. Inform your doctor about Inderal intake before making glaucoma screening test.\n- During Inderal intake you can make such laboratory tests such blood pressure tests and heart function tests. These tests can be used for your condition monitoring and side effects revealing. Mind keeping all doctor prescriptions and laboratory analysis.\n- pregnancy and breast feeding: Inderal can possibly harm foeutus. Do not take Inderal if you are pregnant. Contact your doctor if you suspect of being pregnant. You will need to discuss the advantages and risks of Inderal usage during pregnancy. Inderal is present at mother milk. Do not do breast feeding during this drug intake.\nConsult with your doctor if any of the most widespread effects persist or irritate:\n- constipation; depression, diarrhea, giddiness, sleepiness, tiredness, hallucinations, vomiting, insomnia, stomach spasms, tiredness, vision problems, bright dreams, nausea and weakness.\nContact your doctor immediately if any of the following serious side effects arise:\n- heavy allergic reactions (rash, nettle rash, itch, breathing difficulties, chest constraint, mouth, lips, face or tongue edema),\nInderal should be used on doctor’s prescription only. Consult with your doctor in case you have any questions about Inderal intake.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "© 2016 Lecube et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Background: Helicobacter pylory (HP) infection has been associated to an increased rate of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and liver disease through its effect on insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. However, results are inconstant and no studies exist in morbidly obese patients, in which both insulin resistance and inflammation coexist. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study to evaluate the relationship between HP infection and alterations in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profile, inflammation markers, and liver disease in patients awaiting for bariatric surgery. HP infection was histologically assessed in gastric antrum biopsy from 416 subjects. Liver biopsy was also available in 93 subjects. Results: Both impaired fasting glucose and T2D were similar when comparing subjects with and without HP infection (24.2% vs. 22%, p = 0.290 and 29.4% vs. 29.1%, p = 0.916, respectively), with no differences between groups in the HOMA-IR, lipid profile neither inflammatory parameters. However, HP infection was higher among subjects with a BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m2 in comparison with lower degrees of obesity (71.7% vs. 60.0%, p = 0.041). In addition, subjects without HP infection showed higher degrees of steatosis (44.1±26.4% vs. 32.0±20.7%, p = 0.038), as well as a lower prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (9.3% vs. 30.7%, p = 0.023). Conclusions: In patients with morbid obesity, HP infection does not seem to be associated with abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, less advanced degrees of non-alcoholic fatty disease were observed. We suggest that low-grade inflammation that accompanies obesity mitigates the diabetogenic effect of HP, so the presence of obesity should be considered in studies that evaluate the HP metabolic effects.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "In Esbjerg Municipality looking after your health is considered one of the most important maintenance jobs.\nYou can read much more about the services offered to citizens in Esbjerg Municipality on matters such as diet, smoking, alcohol, exercise, weight, blood pressure and ethnic minority health on the Your Health section of the municipality's website (in Danish).\nThe site provides a wealth of general information on health and provides plenty of ideas on maintaining a healthy lifestyle.\nYou are free to choose any public hospital in Denmark for examination and treatment. If the waiting time is more than one month, you can alternatively choose to be examined and treated at a private hospital. If you have a life-threatening illness, waiting times are even shorter.\nYou can read more about hospitals in Denmark at lifeindenmark.dk.\nIf you are in need of after hours care or emergency contact information, find important numbers and more information in the Emergency Numbers section.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Imagine waking up in the middle of the night to a sudden, intense, pulsating pain from the lower right side of your mouth. You make an attempt to bite down but you barely have any movement because your body is too focused on the pain. You quickly realize that toothache that has been coming and going is finally establishing a permanent presence. It's exactly 1:34am- dental clinics are closed; the only place available for help is the local hospital's emergency room. It's only a toothache right? The pain is too intense to go back to sleep so you decide to go to the ER. Once there, after waiting for a few hours you finally consult with a doctor and the diagnosis is that you have a decayed tooth; Treatment Plan- Tooth Extraction. You become anxious about the idea of now having an unappealing smile but agree quickly to the extraction because you want the pain and swelling to just go away. Four and half-hours later the tooth is now gone but you are still in pain, and also stuck having to pay $2500 in hospital fees.\nSounds familiar? Unfortunately this has been an increasing trend in the past decade across the nation. As the economy has been declining so has our emphasis on the importance of dental care. An increase in patients that have not been seeking regular dental care until a serious emergency occurs has been noted in hospital emergency rooms across the country. Living in the world of consumerism we tend to categorize items/services by wants and needs. It's surprising, however, to learn that especially in recent years, more and more patients are grouping dental care as a \"want\" rather then an important \"need\".\nA significant number of patients are now waiting until the problem is so advanced that their only option is tooth removal. According to a Newsday article it states that in New York, emergency room visits and surgery center treatment for tooth decay related problems cost more that $31 million; a percent increase from 2004. Meanwhile, the state of Florida spent more than $88 million in emergency dental care services. These facts show that more and more individuals are simply putting off basic dental care services and relying on emergency care when most of the problems could be treated or avoided entirely with just routine care and maintenance at the dental office. An analyst stated \"...It's the wrong service, in the wrong setting, at the wrong time.\"\nOne of the main reasons this trend is on the rise is that many people either don't have the dental coverage they once had, making the cost of dental care an increased burden, or they simply must use the money previously set aside for dental care for other necessary bills. Taking all of this into account, we at Great Neck & Mid-Island Dental Associates have attempted to make it easier to afford dental care. We offer many payment programs so patients can seek the proper dental care that is needed without unduly staining their budget. The last place anyone wants to end up with a toothache is a hospital emergency room so before that happens please take the time to have a checkup and find out if there are any conditions or problem that require immediate treatment. Prompt identification is the simplest and most affordable way to ultimately have the best treatment possible.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "“What is psoriasis?” might seem like a pretty straightforward question—it’s a skin condition that causes raised bumpy patches, right? Not quite, actually. Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that causes issues with the skin. And it’s so much more than the physical symptoms you probably associate with it. For one, there are several different types of psoriasis and each person’s experience with the condition is unique. Moreover, psoriasis’s impact is more than skin-deep, with the potential to cause everything from painful psoriatic arthritis to serious self-image issues.\nBefore we dive in, let’s cover the basics: Psoriasis causes the skin to regenerate more quickly than normal. Typically, your skin cells go through a cycle known as cell turnover, starting deep in your skin and slowly rising to the surface. Usually, this takes about a month, but according to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, it can take only a few days when you have psoriasis, causing the skin cells to rise too fast and pile up on the surface of your skin. Because of this, people who have psoriasis—about 7.5 million people in the U.S., per the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD)—can have flare-ups that cause the characteristic itchy, scaly skin patches to show up on their skin.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Dispirin synonyms, Dispirin antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com\nacetylsalicylic acid (redirected from Dispirin)\nAlso found in: Dictionary\nSynonyms for acetylsalicylic acid\nthe acetylated derivative of salicylic acid\nReferences in periodicals archive\nHe also advised to take 300 mg dispirin\nin emergency before going to the doctor or hospital.\nAvoid frequent use of medicines like aspirin and dispirin\nFrom rubbing Vicks on my chest to downing multi-packs of dispirin\nto eating raw chilly powder - nothing seems to work.\nAt first I thought I was coming down with the flu mixed with a bit of a hangover so I took some Dispirin\nand went to bed.\nAnd it all produced so many tense, nervous headaches in the stands that you'd have thought the game had been sponsored by Dispirin", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Housing Authority receives health, wellness incentive grant\nPublished 11:56 am Friday, December 8, 2017\nThe LaGrange Housing Authority has been selected by the Association County Commissioners of Georgia (ACCG) to receive one of the Employee Health & Wellbeing Incentive Grants awarded statewide to promote worksite programs designed to enhance the health and wellbeing of employees and family members.\nAwards are made to members of the ACCG Group Health Benefits Program (GHBP), underwritten by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Georgia, based on a county’s commitment to employee health and demonstrated collaboration with other community groups and organizations engaged in health promotion.\nAs part of the grant process, the LaGrange Housing Authority appointed Chad Cooper as the designated Health Promotion Champion to develop a workplace health promotion action plan and to attend Local Government Risk Management Services’ (LGRMS) High Impact Health Promotion Champion training session.\nWorkplace wellbeing programs have a demonstrated track record of improving employee health and quality of life while reducing medical claims and improving workplace morale. The ACCG offers wellbeing services to all member counties through LGRMS, a not-for-profit agency operated jointly with the Georgia Municipal Association.\nEmployees will be offered a confidential health assessment program using a Health Risk Appraisal, with blood pressure screening and health improvement feedback.\nChad Cooper, Director of Development of the housing authority said, “We are pleased that the ACCG recognizes our interest in employee health and in managing health care costs. This grant will help us provide new programs to our staff and their families.”\nThe ACCG – GHBP is available to all Association County Commissioners of Georgia members. Currently, several counties and authorities participate in the health plan. All counties and authorities participating in the ACCG – GHBP are eligible to apply for the Health & Wellbeing Incentive Grants on an annual basis. The ACCG is pleased to support the LaGrange Housing Authority in this important endeavor.\nTo keep up with the latest news involving the City of LaGrange, go to www.lagrangega.org or follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Growth hormone (GH), also called somatotropin or human growth hormone (HGH), is a substance in the body that helps children grow and develop. In biochemical terms, GH stimulates protein synthesis and increases fat breakdown to provide the energy necessary for tissue growth. It is produced by the pituitary gland present in the brain, responsible for producing many hormones.\nIt also helps keep your tissues and organs healthy throughout life. At the age of 40 to 60, the pituitary gland gradually reduces the production of growth hormones. This hormone can help to speed up healing after an injury and repair muscle tissue after exercise. This helps to build muscle mass, boost metabolism, and burn fat.\nTypes of GH\n- Somatotropin is the other name for growth hormone 1, which is produced naturally in animals.\n- Somatropin is the synthetic form of growth hormone that is synthesized using recombinant DNA technologies. It is also referred to under the brand name Humatrope.\nDeficiency of GH (Growth Hormone)\nThere are two types of growth hormone deficiency:\nFirst, congenital in which the child suffers from this problem along with birth. Even though they are born with the condition, some babies look like they are generally growing until they are about 6 to 12 months old. They may also have problems with other hormones.\nSecond, growth hormone deficiency occurs when the body stops making enough growth hormone to grow normally. It can start at any time in childhood.\nSymptoms of GH Deficiency\nAdults with growth hormone deficiency may have symptoms including:\n- poor bone density (which can lead to osteoporosis if untreated)\n- reduced muscle mass\n- poor memory\n- increased body fat around the waist.\nChildren with growth hormone deficiency may have symptoms including:\n- Short height,\n- Delayed puberty,\n- Late teething,\n- Delayed nail growth,\n- Muscle weakness,\n- Loss of energy,\n- Small penis at birth in boys,\n- Low blood sugar\nIn some cases, GH deficiency is the result of GHRH deficiency, in which case GH secretion may be stimulated by infusion of GHRH.\nSide effects of growth hormone use\npeople who use synthetic growth hormone may have these side effects:\n- fluid retention (which leads to swelling in the arms and legs)\n- joint and muscle pain\n- carpal tunnel syndrome\n- high blood sugar levels\n- high cholesterol levels.\nGrowth hormone injection treatment is prescribed for children who have been diagnosed with growth hormone (GH) deficiency and other conditions causing short stature.\nIn children, GH is used to treat:\n- Growth hormone deficiency\n- Conditions that cause short stature, such as chronic kidney disease, Turner syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome\nIn adults, GH is used to treat:\n- Growth hormone deficiency\n- Muscle wasting from HIV\n- Short bowel syndrome", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Can I Collect Social Security for Failed Back Surgery Syndrome?\nOur experienced Social Security attorneys have represented thousands of men and women with back problems. And we understand that almost nothing is as painful as a back or spinal injury or condition.\nUnfortunately, because of the extremely high volume of back pain related Social Security claims that are submitted every year, Social Security Disability decision-makers are very strict when approving back pain applications. And, sadly, many deserving individuals are denied Social Security for their back pain.\nAdditionally, many back pain claims are denied because SSA examiners simply expect individuals to be able to work through a certain degree of pain. And because pan is “subjective” – and doesn’t show up in a blood test or MRI – many examiners discount the devastating effect it can have on a person’s ability to work or function.\nWhat is Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FSB or FSSB)?\nOne of the most common types of medical conditions affecting the back is “Failed Back Surgery Syndrome”. This is a condition where persistent pain follows back or spinal surgery or surgeries. Failed Back Syndrome (FBS) can result in either chronic back pain, chronic leg pain, or both.\nTypically, a patient will receive a diagnosis of Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FSB or FSSB) from a spinal surgeon and/or neurologist whose medical specialty allows then to conclude that the patient has an irreversible condition which cannot be improved through any further surgical means.\n“Failed Back Surgery Syndrome” most often occurs after a “laminectomy” (removal of the lamina bone to take pressure off of a protruding disc). If FBS occurs after a laminectomy, it may also be referred to as “Post-Laminectomy Syndrome”.\nBut Failed Back Syndrome can also occur after many other types of back or spinal surgeries as well.\nGetting Social Security for Failed Back Syndrome\nIn order to receive Social Security Disability or SSA approval for Failed Back Surgery Syndrome there are specific criteria that an individual must meet.\nFirst – as with any Social Security Case – in order to be considered “disabled” by Social Security, you must be able to prove that you have a disease or health problem that is severe enough to keep you from working for at least 12 months. If you can prove that FBS prevents you from being able to work – and that the disability will last for at least 12 months – you may be entitled to Social Security Disability benefits.\nSome spine disorders are included under the Social Security Administration’s “Blue Book List” of qualifying health problems. These diagnoses include degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, herniated nucleus pulpous, spinal arachnoiditis, osteoarthritis, facet arthritis and vertebral fracture.\nHowever, a being diagnosed with one of these spine disorders will not, in and of itself, qualify you for Social Security Disability benefits – unless you can also prove that the back condition makes it not possible for you to continue working in any occupation for which you may be qualified.\nTypically Social Security Claimants will be approved for SSD if their back pain is ongoing, severe, and unresponsive to treatments – and is expected to last for more than 12 months.\nAdditionally, when seeking Social Security for Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FSB), the claimant must be able to demonstrate a medically determinable basis for back pain. This means that, along with a doctor’s diagnosis, the individual should present MRIs, x-rays, or another medical documentation that indicates the cause of the pain.\nIt can be very challenging for a Social Security Disability applicant – especially one in severe back pain – to know what medical evidence is needed and how to best present that medical evidence to the SSA. But an experienced and Social Security Disability attorney will be able to help you create the strongest case possible, by thoroughly demonstrating that you meet the requirements for approval.\nOur Attorneys Can Help Get Social Security for Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FSB)\nOur experienced Long Beach Social Security attorneys are here to help you with all aspects of your Social Security Disability Case arising from your Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FSB). Our experienced lawyers would be happy to discuss your unique situation with you, to ensure that you receive the maximum Social security Disability benefits for which you may qualify.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Earlier this week, Professor Colleen Cartwright, did a webinar for ISQua titled “Health Care Costs, Futile Treatment and Patient’s Rights.”\nThe presentation did not break a lot of new ground but provided a nice general overview of issues relating to end-of-life decision making. What I especially liked was her use of “futile treatment” to encompass both treatment that is (1) unwarranted from a medical perspective and (2) unwanted from the patient’s perspective.\n“Futile” is typically reserved for judgments framed as clinical and physiological. But treatment can be inappropriate not only for those reasons but also because it is unwanted by the patient. I tried to summarize this in this graphic.\nThe views, opinions and positions expressed by these authors and blogs are theirs and do not necessarily represent that of the Bioethics Research Library and Kennedy Institute of Ethics or Georgetown University.", "label": "Yes"}
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{"text": "Taming the Teenage Tempest: A Guide to Managing Hormonal Excitement\nDr. Deepak Sharma\nBHMS, MD, Ph.D. (Scholar)\nHomeopathic Physician and Educator\nFounder – Orbit Clinics (World Class Homeopathic Clinics Worldwide)\nThe teenage years are a whirlwind of change and growth, fueled by a surge of hormones that can leave adolescents feeling like they’re on an emotional roller coaster. Hormonal excitement during adolescence is a normal part of human development, but it can be a challenging experience for both teenagers and their parents. With emotions running high and hormones in overdrive, it’s essential to equip teenagers with the tools they need to navigate this critical period in their lives. In this article, we will delve into the science behind hormonal excitement in teenagers and provide practical tips for managing these powerful emotions.\nUnderstanding Hormonal Excitement in Teenagers:\nDuring adolescence, the body undergoes significant hormonal changes as it transitions from childhood to adulthood. Two primary hormones responsible for these changes are testosterone in boys and estrogen in girls. These hormones regulate mood, energy levels, and sexual maturation, often leading to unpredictable and intense emotions. As teenagers learn to navigate their newfound feelings, they may experience moments of excitement, confusion, and even frustration.\nStrategies for Managing Hormonal Excitement:\n- Awareness and Education:\nKnowledge is power, and understanding the science behind hormonal excitement can help teenagers feel more in control of their emotions. Parents and educators should provide age-appropriate information about the hormonal changes taking place during adolescence, and teenagers should be encouraged to ask questions and engage in open conversations about their experiences.\n- Emotional Regulation:\nIt’s crucial for teenagers to develop healthy emotional regulation skills, which can help them manage their hormonal excitement. Techniques such as mindfulness, deep breathing, and progressive muscle relaxation can be beneficial in achieving emotional balance.\n- Physical Activity:\nRegular exercise is known to have a positive impact on emotional well-being. Engaging in physical activities can help release endorphins, which are natural mood stabilizers. Encourage teenagers to participate in sports, dance, or any form of exercise they enjoy to help manage their emotions.\n- Healthy Sleep Habits:\nSleep is vital for overall health and emotional regulation. Teenagers should aim for 8-10 hours of sleep per night and maintain a consistent sleep schedule. Practicing good sleep hygiene can help improve the quality of sleep and, in turn, help manage hormonal excitement.\n- Balanced Diet:\nConsuming a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help regulate hormone levels and support emotional well-being. Encourage teenagers to avoid excessive caffeine and sugar consumption, as these can exacerbate mood swings.\n- Social Support:\nHaving a strong support system is essential for navigating the challenges of adolescence. Encourage teenagers to maintain close relationships with family, friends, and mentors who can provide guidance and understanding during this turbulent time.\n- Professional Help:\nIf hormonal excitement is significantly impacting a teenager’s daily life, seeking professional help from a therapist or counselor can be beneficial. Mental health professionals can provide valuable tools and coping strategies for managing intense emotions.\nManaging hormonal excitement during adolescence can be a challenging but rewarding journey. By fostering open communication, promoting healthy lifestyle choices, and providing emotional support, parents and educators can help teenagers navigate this critical period with confidence and resilience. Armed with the right tools and strategies, teenagers can learn to harness their hormonal excitement and use it as a driving force for personal growth and self-discovery.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Columbia Basin Hospital\nColumbia Basin Hospital is a Critical Access Hospital providing quality health care services to rural citizens of Ephrata, Washington. This Government hospital has a total of 58 beds and 37 beds for assisted living and 131 facility personnel. Community outreach programs such as health fairs and health screenings are conducted.\nColumbia Basin Hospital accepts both Medicare and Medicaid patients.Address: 200 Southeast Boulevard , Ephrata\nNumber of Beds: 0\nTotal Staff : 0\nClick here to see the complete state rankings.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The integration of behavioral epigenetics' principles (eg, DNA methylation) into the study of human infants' development has mainly focused on the effects of early adverse exposures, paying less attention to protective caregiving experiences. The present review focused on DNA methylation linked to variations in maternal behavior in human infants and children. Literature search occurred on three databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) and 11 records were selected. Key variables were abstracted from each article including: sample size and characteristics, time and type of maternal caregiving behavior exposure, time and locus of methylation biomarker, presence/absence, time and type of adverse exposure. Six out of eleven records documented the predictive effect of maternal caregiving on DNA methylation, whereas the remaining five reported on the role of maternal behavior as an influencing factor of the adversity-to-methylation link. Consistent with evidence from the animal model, the quality of maternal caregiving in humans (a) might be associated with variations in DNA methylation status of specific genes involved in socio-emotional development and (b) might partially buffer the association between early adversities and epigenetic variations in infants and children. Current evidence suggests that the quality of maternal caregiving can contribute to behavioral development trajectories of human infants and children at least partially through epigenetic regulation. Open questions and methodological aspects are discussed to guide future human developmental research in behavioral epigenetics.\nFile in questo prodotto:\nNon ci sono file associati a questo prodotto.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "CBD stands for cannabidiol oil. It’s used to treat totally different symptoms despite the fact that its use is rather controversial. There may be additionally some confusion as to how exactly the oil affects our bodies. The oil might have health benefits and such products which have the compound are legal in lots of places today.\nWhat it is\nCBD is a cannabinoid, a compound present in cannabis plant. The oil contains CBD concentrations and the uses fluctuate greatly. In cannabis, the compound that’s in style is delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol or THC. It’s an active ingredient found in marijuana. Marijuana has CBD and THCA and both have completely different effects.\nTHC alters the mind when one is smoking or cooking with it. This is because it is broken down by heat. Unlike THC, CBD is not psychoactive. This signifies that your state of mind doesn’t change with use. However, significant changes can be noted within the human body suggesting medical benefits.\nHemp is a part of the cannabis plant and in most cases, it isn’t processed. This is where plenty of the CBD is extracted. Marijuana and hemp originate from cannabis sativa, however are quite different. Immediately, marijuana farmers are breeding plants in order that they’ll have high THC levels. Hemp farmers do not want to modify plants and are used to create the CBD oil.\nHow it works\nCannabinoids have an effect on the body by attaching themselves to totally different receptors. Some cannabinoids are produced by the body and there are the CB1 and CB2 receptors. CB1 receptors are located all by way of the body with an important number of them being within the brain. The receptors are liable for temper, emotions, pain, movement, coordination, memories, appetite, thinking, and many different functions. THC impacts these receptors.\nAs for the CB2 receptors, they are mainly in one’s immune system and affect pain and inflammation. Although CBD doesn’t attach directly here, it directs the body to make use of cannabinoids more.\nCBD is helpful to human health in numerous ways. It’s a natural pain reliever and has anti-inflammatory properties. Over-the-counter medicine are used for pain relief and most people prefer a more natural alternative and this is where CBD oil comes in.\nResearch has shown that CBD provides a better treatment, especially for folks with chronic pain.\nThere is also evidence that recommend that the usage of CBD could be very useful for anyone who is trying to quit smoking and dealing with drug withdrawals. In a research, it was seen that smokers who had inhalers that had CBD tended to smoke less than what was traditional for them and without any further yearning for cigarettes. CBD might be an excellent therapy for persons with addiction problems especially to opioids.\nThere are various other medical conditions which can be aided by CBD and they embody epilepsy, LGA, Dravet syndrome, seizures and so on. More research is being conducted on the effects of CBD within the human body and the results are quite promising. The possibility of combating cancer and totally different anxiousness problems can be being looked at.\nShould you loved this informative article as well as you would like to receive details about cbd gummies toronto kindly check out our own web site.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Dealing With Alcohol Addiction & What To Expect\nDealing with alcohol addiction is always hard, so let’s take some of the challenges away.\nThe traditional image of an alcoholic is somebody who always drinks excessively and whose way of life is breaking down as a result of it. But that’s not often the truth.\nSome folks appear to be just fine although they misuse alcohol. Specialists call these individuals functional problem drinkers or functioning alcoholic.\nYou can still be one despite the fact that you have an otherwise good standard of life. With a decent career that pays well, home, loved ones, friendships, and social life, states Craig Beck, a certified alcohol addiction therapist and author of Alcohol Lied To Me.\nEven though it’s now technically referred to as an alcohol use disorder, you’ll nonetheless hear a lot of individuals referring to alcohol addiction or problem drinking. It’s a disorder that varies from light misuse to modest and serious abuse.\nAnd it’s all still alcoholism, even when you assume it’s ‘not that bad’.\nDenial Is A BIG Problem\nA functional alcoholic may not behave the manner you would expect him or her to behave, Beck states. He may be intelligent and successful. He or she could even be a significant player in their own field of expertise. Or in a position of authority.\nAs a matter of fact, his/her prosperity may mislead friends and family to simply disregard their alcohol consumption.\nHe might also be in denial. He may believe, “I have a fantastic job, have no debts, and have tons of good friends; for that reason, there is no way I can be an alcoholic,” Beck states.\nOr he may make silly rationalizations like, ‘I only drink fine wines, my drinking is an indication of my success, not a problem!’\nHowever he or she isn’t really doing great in other important areas of life, claims Robert Huebner, from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Addiction. Nobody, he cautions, can consume alcohol intensely and uphold their significant obligations over extended periods of time. If somebody drinks at a dangerous level, it is going to catch up with them.”.\nWhat to look out for\nWhat is excessive alcohol consumption? For females, it’s having greater than 3 alcoholic beverages a day or 7 a week. For males, it’s 4 or more each day or 14 every week. If you drink greater than the day-to-day or weekly limitation, you’re in danger.\nThat’s not the sole way to say if you or somebody you love needs support. There are other warnings.\n- Claim you have a problem or make silly jokes about alcohol addiction.\n- Not stay on top of significant obligations at home, work, or college.\n- Forfeit friendships because of alcohol consumption, but you do not stop drinking.\n- Have legal issues associated with alcohol consumption, like a DUI or been arrested by the police.\n- Need booze to unwind or to feel comfortable and confident.\n- Consume alcohol in the early morning or when you’re on your own.\n- Get drunk when you do not mean to.\n- Suffer memory blackouts\n- Lie and conceal booze, or snap when challenged regarding alcohol consumption.\n- Cause family members to stress over or make excuses for your alcohol consumption.\nFunctional problem drinkers may appear to be in charge of the situation. But they might put themselves or other people at risk by drinking alcohol and operating a motor vehicle, having unprotected sex, or passing out at high-risk moments.\nExcessive drinking has many other dangers. It can result in liver problems, pancreatitis, some types of tumors, brain injury, severe amnesia, and hypertension. It also makes death a very real possibility from an automobile accident or from homicide or self-harm.\nAnd any when a family is dealing with alcohol addiction it increases the chances of domestic physical violence, child neglect, and fetal alcohol syndrome in expectant mothers.\nThe Best Ways To Get Support.\nThe therapy for a high-functioning alcoholic is the same as for every other kind of addict, Beck states. Ask your physician about getting help, regardless if it’s from a counselor, psychoanalyst, or another dependency expert such as the Stop Drinking Expert.\nFor serious alcoholics, rehab might be a better fit. The highest comprehensive treatment allows you to stay full-time at a treatment center. These kinds of arrangements can also work together with twelve step program programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous.\nAlthough many argue that the 92% failure rate of AA is too high for it to remain our go-to solution for problem drinking!\nHowever, connecting with other individuals with drug abuse problems might help somebody break through denial and start to recuperate.\nPassion & commitment\nDue to the fact that an alcohol use disorder may be a persistent recessive illness, perseverance is essential. It is unusual that somebody will visit therapy once and after that never consume alcohol again.\nMore frequently, individuals should continuously attempt to stop or cut down experience recurrences, learn from them, and then keep making an effort. For many, continued followup with a therapy supplier is crucial to conquering alcoholism.\nRelapse Comes With the Process.\nRelapse is prevalent amongst individuals who attempt to conquer alcohol issues. Men and women with drinking problems are likely to fall from grace throughout times of worry or when subjected to individuals or locations connected with former alcohol consumption.\nEqually, individuals with diabetic issues or bronchial asthma may have flare-ups of their condition. A relapse to alcohol consumption could be viewed as a momentary setback to complete rehabilitation and not a total defeat.\nNever quit trying to quit\nFinding specialist support can protect against relapsing, NLP behavior modifications can help folks cultivate capabilities to stay clear of and conquer triggers, like stress and anxiety, that may bring about drinking.\nMany people profit from frequent therapy sessions.\nPrescription medications also can discourage alcohol consumption during times when people might be at higher danger of relapsing (e.g., separation, the death of a loved one).\nPsychological Health Issues and Alcohol Use Disorder.\nClinical depression and stress frequently go together with substantial alcohol consumption. Reports reveal that individuals who are alcohol reliant are 2 to 3 times as prone to struggle with significant clinical depression over their lifespan.\nWhen dealing with alcohol consumption problems, it is essential to also find therapy for any accompanying health and psychological wellness problems as well.\nGuidance For Friends and Family Members.\nTaking care of an individual who is dealing with alcohol addiction may be extremely difficult. It is essential that as you attempt to support your family member, you discover a way to look after yourself too.\nIt might help to look for help from other people, including good friends, family members, neighborhood friends, and self-help groups. If you are forming your own signs of clinical depression or excessive worry, consider finding specialist support for yourself.\nKeep in mind that your family member is essentially accountable for taking care of his/her disease.\nIt’s not your job to fix them\nHowever, your involvement may make a huge impact. Based on medical expertise, numerous health and wellness providers think that help from family and friends members is essential in conquering drinking problems. However, loved ones can feel uncertain about how best to offer the help required.\nThe articles and blog posts here may be a good place to start.\nKeep in mind that transforming deep-rooted addictions is difficult, takes some time, and needs 100% commitment.\nAddicts typically experience many defeats in the process, they learn from them, and after that just keep going. Alcohol use disorders are no different. Be patient with your family member. Conquering this condition is never a quick fix.\nIt’s easy to be so angry or worried that you fail to notice when your loved one is making progress. Take note of their commitment and give them supportive words of encouragement – it makes a difference.\nClick here if you want to find out more about the Stop Drinking Expert method of dealing with alcohol use disorders and problem drinking.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is related to a great number of cutaneous and mucosal manifestations. The spectrum of HPV ranges from inapparent infections, through various clinical benign presentations including cutaneous and mucosal disease, to malignant and premalignant conditions. New HPV types are currently described in the literature; many of them are characterized as high-risk types due to their oncogenic potential. Knowledge regarding their epidemiology and pathogenesis is important to understand not only infection and disease processes, but also to formulate the clinical and laboratory basis for diagnosis, therapeutics, and prophylactic measures. This non-systematic review aims to discuss and to update those aspects, with an emphasis on relevant topics for dermatologists. HPV infection and related diseases in the Brazilian scenario are highlighted, including common dermatologic conditions seen at clinics as well as the condition of a public health problem as a sexually transmitted infection. The oncogenicity of the virus and the variety of clinical outcomes - especially in the immunocompromised individuals - are addressed.\nKeywords: Papillomaviridae; Tumor virus infections; Tumor virus infections/complications; Tumor virus infections/diagnosis; Tumor virus infections/epidemiology.\nCopyright © 2020 Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Work with our medical team to evaluate best approaches for psychotropic medication management.\nMeet Our Psychiatrist\nKaren Newman, MD\nWhat is psychotropic medication?\nPsychotropic medications are used to treat and influence severity of mental health disorders. There are five main categories of psychotropic/psychiatric medications:\n- Anti-anxiety medications\n- Mood stabilizers\nWhat can you expect?\nIn order to benefit most from our psychiatric services, we offer a 60-minute thorough assessment with our psychiatrist to assess past and present symptoms and medication regimens. We work collaboratively with clients and their outpatient providers to ensure best practice. You can expect to feel heard and guided throughout this collaborative process.\nCan I use my insurance?\nYes. Our psychiatrist is in-network with major commericial insurances. Our intake department can provide rates per your insurance contract. Insurances are currently covering both in-person and virtual sessions to meet the needs of the community.\n\"I have never seen a psychiatrist nor been on medication and have always been very hesitant about them. I gave her a chance, and was so surprised and blown away by her kindness and openness. She actually listened to what I had to say. She’s not forcing any meds on me and always reminds me I don’t need to take them if I don’t feel comfortable.”\n\"She is amazing. She genuinely listens to my needs and concerns.\"", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- Full text PDF available (1)\n- This year (0)\n- Last 5 years (0)\n- Last 10 years (0)\nJournals and Conferences\nOBJECTIVE Intracoronary stenting was designed to overcome acute complications after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and to achieve a reduced rate of restenosis, both of which are major… (More)\nReport about practical experience with concentration of high risk pregnancies in a regional center. It is better to transport the fetus in utero than to transport the neonate.\nThis is the case of a 35-year old woman who suffers from a chronic form of spinal muscular atrophy and who has successfully completed four pregnancies between 1982 and 1987. After a short discussion… (More)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Following the Statement on the Discovery in Tk'emlúps, Health Benefits reminds clients and their family members of benefit coverage for culturally-safe and trauma-informed cultural, emotional and mental health counselling services in BC.\nHealth Benefits covers the services of registered mental health professionals, including psychologists, clinical counsellors and social workers. Health Benefits also offers coverage for the following mental health counselling services:\nYou may be eligible if:\nEven if you are non-status, you may be eligible for mental health coverage through one of the specialized mental health programs funded by Indigenous Services Canada.\nHealth Benefits encourages anyone who is experiencing distress, and loved ones who may need support, to access these resources.\nThe First Nations Virtual Substance Use and Psychiatry Service provides access to specialists in addictions medicine and psychiatry. The service requires a referral from a health and wellness provider. If you do not have a provider, call the First Nations Virtual Doctor of the Day at 1-855-344-3800 for referral support.\nFor more information on culturally-safe mental health supports, visit the FNHA's Mental Health and Wellness Supports page.\nPlease call Health Benefits at 1-855-550-5454 if you have question about how to access the supports you may need.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "October 3, 2016\nPlantar Fasciitis is a painful foot condition that slowly develops over time. After an extended period, the tissue supporting the arch on the bottom of your foot – which is called the Plantar Fascia and connects the bone in your heal to the front of your foot – can become weak, swollen, inflamed and irritated. For Frisco patients, this results in the classic pain of Plantar Fasciitis when you stand on your feet or walk, especially first thing in the morning.\nAthletes Are More Prone to Planter Fasciitis\nAthletes are more prone to developing Plantar Fasciitis than the average person. This is because of the repetitive movements and stress that athletes place on their feet. In fact, athletes who frequently run and jump, for example, runners, basketball players, baseball players, football players and soccer players, are known by podiatrists to develop Plantar Fasciitis and require treatment. Additionally, athletes with flat feet – who have reduced shock absorption – and athletes with high arches – who have tight Plantar Fascia – are known by podiatrists to be at an even higher risk for developing Plantar Fasciitis.\nHow Can I Prevent Plantar Fasciitis?\nMany Frisco patients ask Dr. Verville what they can do to prevent themselves from developing Plantar Fasciitis. After all, no athlete wants to be sidelined due to a foot injury. Fortunately, with the help of a podiatrist, there are several things you can do to prevent Plantar Fasciitis. The number one thing you can do to prevent Plantar Fasciitis is to wear supportive athletic shoes. Buy new running shoes after you have run about 300 to 500 miles in them, so you can ensure your shoes are still offering you that much-needed support. Off the field, make sure that you wear supportive footwear.\nBefore any exercise, make sure that you stretch completely. Tight calf muscles have been associated with Plantar Fasciitis. You should always start out new exercise programs slowly, to give your body time to adjust to the new activity. Make sure you train for a new activity before you jump all in. And drink plenty of water before, during and after exercise to stay hydrated.\nI Think I Have Plantar Fasciitis. What Do I Do Next?\nIf you suspect you are experiencing the pain of Plantar Fasciitis, the best thing for you to do is to call our Frisco office and schedule an appointment with experienced podiatrist Dr. Verville. An examination will be performed by Dr. Verville, and a complete treatment program will be prepared for you, which may include:\n- Physical therapy to improve your foot’s range of motion.\n- Exercises to rebuild mobility and strength in your foot.\n- Medication to reduce inflammation in the Plantar Fascia and provide much-needed pain relief.\n- In severe cases, surgery may be required.\nDon’t endure the pain of Plantar Fasciitis alone. Call Dr. Verville’s Frisco office today to schedule an appointment at 214-385-8822.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "While only about 0.5 percent of women aged 35 to 54 had a stroke from 1988 to 1994, a federal health survey found that had increased to nearly 2 percent between 1999 and 2004.\nPhysicians say that the obesity epidemic is to blame for the startling rise in strokes. Women’s waists have grown by nearly two inches in the last 10 years, and women’s average body mass index rose from 27 to 29. Blood sugar levels have also increased.\nThe increase in strokes came despite the fact that more women are taking drugs to lower their cholesterol and blood pressure, which are both things that should lower stroke risk.\nWhile women’s stroke risk skyrocketed, stroke risk among middle-aged men stayed the same. Researchers say the gender difference could be due to belly fat, a known risk factor for stroke.\nAbdominal obesity in women rose from 47 percent to 59 percent, while the change in men was smaller. Strokes (which are sometimes referred to as “brain attacks”) are the third leading cause of death in the United States, and they occur when the blood supply to your brain becomes blocked or reduced. This deprives your brain of necessary oxygen and nutrients, causing your brain cells to begin to die within minutes.\nThe reason why strokes can be so devastating is that they often occur without warning, and the longer your brain goes without oxygen, the greater your risk of lasting damage. This is one area where emergency medicine excels, as there are emergency medications that can dissolve a blood clot that is blocking blood flow to your brain.\nBut to be effective, you typically need to get help within one hour. So if you notice any of these signs of stroke, you should get help right away:\n- Sudden trouble walking (dizziness, loss of balance, etc.)\n- Sudden confusion\n- Sudden numbness or weakness (especially on one side of your body only)\n- Sudden trouble seeing\n- Sudden severe headache\nHow to Prevent a Stroke\nConventionally speaking, many of the same risk factors that increase your risk of heart disease also increase your risk of stroke, and these include things like:\n- High blood pressure\n- High triglycerides and elevated homocysteine levels\n- Low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol and high levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol\nBut while these are important factors, they are not the only ones. Very high up on the list of keys to preventing a stroke is to get a handle on your stress levels.\nEarlier this month, for instance, a study in Neurology of over 20,600 people found that psychological distress will greatly increase your risk of suffering from a stroke. And, the more stressed you are, the greater your risk. The researchers actually found that for every notch lower a person scored on their well-being scale, their risk of stroke increased by 11 percent!\nNot surprisingly, the relationship between psychological distress and stroke was most pronounced when the stroke was fatal.\nThis makes perfect sense, particularly if you had a chance to watch last week’s video with Dr. David Holt about the most common cause of heart attacks. The cause is a certain type of emotional stress, but what’s interesting is what is said about the severity of the stress; in short, it’s been found that if you go longer than nine months with a moderate or severe emotional conflict, you probably won’t survive the heart attack that follows.\nAnd as the Neurology study shows, the same goes for stroke, in that the longer you are under severe psychological distress, the greater the likelihood your stroke will be fatal.\nSo while you are making efforts to get your diet on the right track, and to stay physically active, please do not overlook the crucial importance of your emotional health. Choose a method, such as Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT), that works for you, and use it regularly, daily even, to release the past and present stresses in your life.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "I AM PREGNANT OR HAVE A BABY UNDER 1 YEAR AND THINK I MIGHT HAVE DEPRESSION OR ANXIETY...\nPerinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders (PMADs) are related to mood and anxiety symptoms that occur during pregnancy or up to one year postpartum. You will sometimes see a similar term in literature, \"maternal mental health\". They refer to the same ideas. Despite the fact that PMADs have long been known, many experts believe they are not being properly diagnosed. As knowledge grows and physicians and legislation leads the charge for greater screening, more health care providers are looking for risk factors in their patients as early as their first prenatal care visit. If a woman is at risk, her health care provider can evaluate her moods throughout the pregnancy. After a woman gives birth, she and those close to her should watch for signs and symptoms for her and her partner. Her health care provider should look for such signs at her six-week postpartum visit, as well.\nIf you experience the symptoms of postpartum depression, your health care provider will evaluate the severity of your symptoms. Your health care provider will also ask about other mood-related symptoms to determine whether you are suffering from postpartum depression or another condition, such as anxiety, bipolar disorder or postpartum psychosis.. Your thyroid levels also may be checked to make sure it is functioning normally. Hypothyroidism can cause the same symptoms as postpartum depression. Learn more about Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders at Postpartum Support International.\nTwo of the assessments your health care provider might use are included, below. These are not meant to diagnose yourself at home, but instead to enhance the conversation with your health care provider about your concerns.\nPostpartum depression (PPD) sometimes goes away on its own. But if it interferes with your relationships, sleep, ability to work or care for yourself or your child, or if \"the blues\" lasts longer than two weeks, do yourself a BIG favor and call your OB. A history of depression or anxiety, a traumatic birth story, sleep deprivation, relational stress, lack of support and infant feeding issues are some of the triggers for Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders. About 90% of women who have postpartum depression can be treated successfully with medication or a combination of medication and psychotherapy. Participation in a support group may also be helpful. In cases of severe postpartum depression or postpartum psychosis, hospitalization may be necessary.\nIt is best to seek treatment as soon as possible. If it's detected late or not at all, the condition may worsen. Also, experts have found that children can be affected by a parent's untreated PPD. Such children may be more prone to sleep disturbances, impaired cognitive development, insecurity, and frequent temper tantrums. Here are a list of resources that might help.\nWhile you are recovering from postpartum depression, you will probably see an improvement from month to month. Be aware that your symptoms may flare up before a menstrual period because of fluctuations in your hormones.\nHOW WILL THERAPY MAKE A DIFFERENCE?\nYou may be coming off a disappointing experience trying to get help or just be suspicious in general. I'm honored that you have made it this far into my website. I will also say that many people like you who feel burned by a past experience might well be cautious. But, I will counter with this logic. If you walked into a store, would you buy the first sweater you saw without trying it on? And if you did buy that sweater, and found out at home that it didn't fit, would you NEVER buy a sweater again? Therapy and coaching are similar in that you have to \"try on\" the provider to see if they fit your personality and what you need. Each provider has different strengths and preferred approaches to working with clients. My FREE consultations help you and I determine goodness of fit. Read more about how to choose the right therapist for you.\nBecause each person has different issues and goals, sessions will be different depending on the individual. In general, you can expect to discuss the current events happening in your life, your personal history relevant to your issue, and report progress (or any new insights gained) from the previous session. Depending on your specific needs, our work together can be short-term, for a specific issue, or longer-term, to deal with more difficult patterns or your desire for more personal development. It is most common to schedule regular weekly sessions in the beginning. Many clients choose to move into a bi-weekly or monthly schedule as they progress. It is important to understand that you will get the best results from our work together if you actively participate in the process. The ultimate purpose of therapy/coaching is to help you bring what you learn in session back into your life. Therefore, beyond the work you do in sessions, I may suggest some things you can do outside of sessions to support your process – such as reading a pertinent book, journaling on specific topics, noting particular behaviors or taking action on your goals.\nCAN'T I JUST READ A BOOK?\nSure you can! However, if you are like me, that shelf of self-help books is collecting dust under the stack of parenting books, investment guides and workout DVDs. Real accountability and encouragement require people, not books. It helps if the people in your corner have an understanding of maternal mental health and what will effectively motivate you in the direction you want to go. If you are still convinced you can read your way to change, click below.\nWHY DON'T YOU ACCEPT INSURANCE?\n\"Deciding to start therapy is a huge milestone in life. I’d even say it’s as big as getting married or starting a new job. I mean, think about it. What could be more important than committing to work on yourself and become the best version of you? Who you are and who you become influences every part of your life.\nThat’s why choosing the right therapist is SO important. It’s essential you and your therapist are a good fit and that the person you choose has the experience and expertise to get you to the next level in life, whether you’re working on career goals, relationships, self-exploration or all of the above.\nOne of the considerations you might take into account when looking for a therapist is whether that therapist accepts your insurance. For many people, this is a deciding factor when choosing someone...\" Read more\nIf you plan to seek reimbursement from your insurance, health savings plan or Employee Assistance Program (EAP) after receiving services, please clarify with your insurance/employer the following before starting sessions:\n• Benefits and scope of coverage\n• Annual deductible\n• Number of sessions allowed under coverage and process to appeal for more sessions\n• Coverage amount per session\n• Whether pre-authorization is required and whether referral is necessary\nIf you are hoping to get some money back for sessions, as allowed by certain insurance providers, funds and healthcare programs, I can provide a \"superbill\" to assist you. A superbill is an itemized form which details services provided to a client. It is the main data source for creation of a healthcare claim, which will be submitted by the client directly to their healthcare program for consideration for reimbursement of part or all of the session fee.\nUnless you are enrolled in auto-pay, you must pay in full online at the time of meeting/session or registering for a workshop. Why? Think of the last big purchase you made. If you spent a significant amount of money on something nonrefundable, what did your mind do afterward? You may have second-guessed the purchase, but you felt compelled to follow through with the action. The fact is, when you invest your money, you invest yourself, a first step in being accountable to getting the support your deserve. If extenuating circumstances arise after booking a service, contact me, but please be advised that I generally keep to a 48 hour cancellation policy.\nHOW IS COACH DIFFERENT FROM COUNSELOR?\nThere is a debate on this. Psychotherapists are bound by rules of state licensing boards, which require certain levels of education, experience, supervision and continuing education, as well as certain ethical and professional standards. For example, I had to complete six years of college/graduate school, more than 3000 hours of supervised clinical practice and pass two exams just to get started. Coaching is still in its infancy and unregulated, so \"anyone can do it\". A therapist can provide coaching, but a coach cannot and should not provide therapy. That doesn't mean that coaching is not valuable. It means a client has to know what they need, their expectations of a helper and whom to engage in the helping process.\nI have heard it said that therapy is about uncovering and recovering, while coaching is about discovering. Ultimately, your experience will guide you to the answer.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Sildenafil, better known by its trade name, Viagra, is a drug which acts to relax muscles that control the flow of blood, allowing blood to flow more easily through many parts of the body, particularly the vessels of the penis. Although it is often used to treat high blood pressure in the pulmonary artery (and House did use it on one occasion for that purpose), its primary use is to treat male erectile dysfunction.\nThe drug does have some side effects, such as headache, flushing, dyspepsia, nasal congestion, impaired vision and photophobia. Rarer side effects are priapism, low blood pressure, heart attack, arrhythmia, stroke, increased pressure within the eyes and sudden deafness.\nIt should not be given to certain patients, such as those taking protease inhibitors for AIDS, nitrate based drugs such as nitroglycerine, those with poor liver function, people who already have low blood pressure, those who have recently suffered a stroke or heart attack and people who have disorders of the retina.\nThe drug's Canadian patent set precedent in Canadian law when the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the patent holder's application did not properly disclose that sildenafil was the active ingredient. As a result, the drug is off-patent in Canada while it remains on-patent in the United States.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Cobra Health insurance provides coverage for medical costs incurred due to accidents, diseases and incidents. It is a must for everyone as medical expenses are rising rapidly. People do not like to pay a hefty amount of premium every year for a health insurance policy. In such a scenario, it becomes necessary to find affordable health insurance policy which fits your budget and meets your requirements.\nHealth insurance is basically an insurance which covers a certain portion or the entire risk of an individual spreading the risk amongst a number of other persons, over a period of time. You can find an affordable health insurance policy by carrying out some research over the Internet. The internet has been widely used by all types of people for various purposes including research, product sourcing, comparison, etc. You can also find various companies providing health insurance policies online. It is very easy to compare the different health insurance quotes provided by these companies by just a few clicks. This is one of the best methods of finding the most affordable health insurance policy.\nIt is very difficult to select the right health insurance policy, as there are several options available for you. However, you should base your decision on the type of insurance you are looking for. There are various types of insurance plans available in the market, and finding the most suitable one for yourself should be your first priority. If you are suffering from any kind of disease, then getting a high deductible health insurance plan will be advantageous for you. Get more details about the cobra medical insurance costs in massachusetts here.\nThere are certain things that you must consider before opting for any health insurance policy. One of the most important factors that you should consider before buying an insurance policy is your medical history. You should get your health checked once in a while so that you know about your health status. A recent survey has revealed that most people do not give importance to their health and are often not very concerned about getting minor health problems. Therefore, if you have a history of serious diseases such as cancer or diabetes, then it is probably time to think about health insurance.\nIf you have a good insurance policy with a reputed company, then you will not need to worry about anything at all. However, if you are planning to buy a health insurance policy for the first time, then there are many things that you need to consider. For instance, do you want to insure only part of your health? Or do you want to cover the entire health and you are willing to pay the extra premium?\nThere are many companies who offer cheap health insurance policies. However, you should search the market thoroughly for finding an affordable health insurance policy for yourself. If you are looking for health insurance for your child, then you can also look for cheap health insurance policies for children. Moreover, if you are in need of health insurance for yourself and you have good medical history, then there are many affordable health insurance options for you.\nCheck out this post that has expounded on the topic: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_insurance.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Medical Student Rotation\nElective clerkships are a fundamental and valuable part of your medical education. Each year, Desert Regional Medical Center provides essential, hands-on clinical experiences and the opportunity to explore residency training at our institution.\nApplications will start to be accepted January 1st, 2024 for 3rd year rotations and March 1st, 2024 for 4th year rotations.\nApplication Procedure and Requirements:\nYour school must have an affiliation agreement on file with Tenet-Desert Regional Medical Center. Check with your school's officials to see if one is in place. If not, please send your school's point of contact information, including appropriate email and phone number to Mariel.Gray@tenethealth.com\nA completed Medical Student Rotation Application\nA completed Medical Student Health Screening Requirements Form. Please send your immunization records in addition to the health screening form. Please have this document verified and signed by your school official.\nCurrent BLS/ACLS cards. Certifications must be American Heart Association issued.\nA written statement indicating why you want to rotate in the emergency department. Please indicate what specialty you are planning on selecting as a career choice - no longer than one page.\nCurrent photo ID (driver's license).\nUSMLE Step 1/COMLEX-1 score sheet. Multiple attempts are not accepted\nWe do not provide housing as part of our rotation, but we have several locals who rent out their vacation rentals at various times throughout the year. Please ask for contact information.\nPlease submit all completed documentation to:\nGraduate Medical Education\nDesert Regional Medical Center", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Drug company Pfizer and tech firm IBM are working together on an innovative wearable device system to enable real-time patient monitoring. This system could lead to a radical change in how clinical trials are conducted.\nPatients’ progress can be more closely controlled thanks to this technology. This means medical staff can apply their knowledge 100% reliably, detecting any alterations or contraindications on a personalized level for each patient.\nMobile technology at the service of clinical trials\nThe project Pfizer and IBM have embarked on in the US initially focuses on patients with Parkinson’s disease.\nThe speed with which this disease develops means constant changes in medication and treatment are necessary. For this reason it is highly useful to be able to continuously monitor a patient’s symptoms and their evolution for medical control to be fully effective\nThis project seeks to obtain a wider view, which is currently very limited, of patient monitoring, with the use wearable devices which monitor a patient’s condition in real time and send relevant data back to the medical professionals, thereby revolutionizing the conventional conduct of clinical trials.\nBoth companies will work jointly over several years in order to develop a truly effective system, determining which information needs to be collected and which devices are suitable for reproducing data from a truly useful, accurate and objective flow, for clinical trial personnel.\nThe future: personalized treatments wherever the patient is\nWith the introduction of mobile technology in clinical trials, real-time data can be obtained wherever the patient is and at any time. This will enable each individual’s treatment to be personalized much faster, more reliably and more efficiently and in sync with the evolution of the disease, thanks to analysis of the information collected.\nThe goal for the future is for any patient in the world to be able to benefit from mobile technology in order to get the best treatment for their condition. This will lead to a worldwide improvement in the healthcare system, enabling far more personalized and controlled treatments to be established.\nThe use of new technology in the medical sector will break down barriers. We are faced with an increasingly global sector in which professionals and patients from anywhere in the world can communicate and interact with each other. This fact makes specialized translation of medical correspondence and documents increasingly important, thereby ensuring that any patient can benefit from medical breakthroughs wherever they are or whatever language they speak.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "|Prospective national study of the prevalence, incidence, management and outcome of a large contemporary cohort of patients with incident non‐valvular atrial fibrillation|\nM Haim, M Hoshen, O Reges, Y Rabi, R Balicer, M Leibowitz\nJournal of the American Heart Association 4 (1), e001486, 2015\n|Prospective study of serum homocysteine and risk of ischemic stroke among patients with preexisting coronary heart disease|\nD Tanne, M Haim, U Goldbourt, V Boyko, R Doolman, Y Adler, D Brunner, ...\nStroke 34 (3), 632-636, 2003\n|Elevated serum triglyceride levels and long-term mortality in patients with coronary heart disease: the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) Registry|\nM Haim, M Benderly, D Brunner, S Behar, E Graff, H Reicher-Reiss, ...\nCirculation 100 (5), 475-482, 1999\n|Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and long-term risk of acute coronary events in patients with chronic coronary heart disease: data from the Bezafibrate Infarction …|\nM Haim, D Tanne, V Boyko, T Reshef, U Goldbourt, J Leor, YA Mekori, ...\nJournal of the American College of Cardiology 39 (7), 1133-1138, 2002\n|Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and risk of future ischemic stroke: a nested case-control study from the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) study cohort|\nD Tanne, M Haim, V Boyko, U Goldbourt, T Reshef, S Matetzky, Y Adler, ...\nStroke 33 (9), 2182-2186, 2002\n|Segmentation and registration of three-dimensional rotational angiogram on live fluoroscopy to guide atrial fibrillation ablation: a new online imaging tool|\nJH Li, M Haim, B Movassaghi, JB Mendel, GM Chaudhry, CI Haffajee, ...\nHeart Rhythm 6 (2), 231-237, 2009\n|Attenuation of progression of insulin resistance in patients with coronary artery disease by bezafibrate|\nA Tenenbaum, EZ Fisman, V Boyko, M Benderly, D Tanne, M Haim, ...\nArchives of internal medicine 166 (7), 737-741, 2006\n|C-reactive protein as a predictor of incident ischemic stroke among patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease|\nD Tanne, M Benderly, U Goldbourt, M Haim, A Tenenbaum, EZ Fisman, ...\nStroke 37 (7), 1720-1724, 2006\n|Predictive value of elevated white blood cell count in patients with preexisting coronary heart disease: the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention Study|\nM Haim, V Boyko, U Goldbourt, A Battler, S Behar\nArchives of internal medicine 164 (4), 433-439, 2004\n|Frequency, characteristics, and outcome of patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes with undetermined electrocardiographic patterns|\nEI Lev, A Battler, S Behar, A Porter, M Haim, V Boyko, D Hasdai\nAmerican Journal of Cardiology 91 (2), 224-227, 2003\n|Long-term prognosis of patients after a Q wave compared with a non-Q wave first acute myocardial infarction: data from the SPRINT registry|\nS Behar, M Haim, H Hod, R Kornowski, H Reicher-Reiss, M Zion, ...\nEuropean heart journal 17 (10), 1532-1537, 1996\n|Comparison of short-and long-term prognosis in patients with anterior wall versus inferior or lateral wall non-Q-wave acute myocardial infarction|\nSPRIN Trial, M Haim, H Hod, L Reisin, R Kornowski, H Reicher-Reiss, ...\nThe American journal of cardiology 79 (6), 717-721, 1997\n|Net clinical benefit of anticoagulant treatments in elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: experience from the real world|\nH Alnsasra, M Haim, AB Senderey, O Reges, M Leventer-Roberts, ...\nHeart Rhythm 16 (1), 31-37, 2019\n|Association between antithrombotic treatment and outcomes at 1-year follow-up in patients with atrial fibrillation: the EORP-AF General Long-Term Registry|\nG Boriani, M Proietti, C Laroche, L Fauchier, F Marin, M Nabauer, ...\nEP Europace 21 (7), 1013-1022, 2019\n|Relation of outcomes to ABC (Atrial Fibrillation Better Care) pathway adherent care in European patients with atrial fibrillation: an analysis from the ESC-EHRA EORP Atrial …|\nM Proietti, GYH Lip, C Laroche, L Fauchier, F Marin, M Nabauer, ...\nEP Europace 23 (2), 174-183, 2021\n|Is serum uric acid level an independent predictor of heart failure among patients with coronary artery disease?|\nA Eisen, M Benderly, U Goldbourt, M Haim\nClinical cardiology 36 (2), 110-116, 2013\n|Severity of angina pectoris and risk of ischemic stroke|\nD Tanne, A Shotan, U Goldbourt, M Haim, V Boyko, Y Adler, ...\nStroke 33 (1), 245-250, 2002\n|Acute coronary syndromes complicated by symptomatic and asymptomatic heart failure: does current treatment comply with guidelines?|\nM Haim, A Battler, S Behar, PM Fioretti, V Boyko, ML Simoons, D Hasdai\nAmerican heart journal 147 (5), 859-864, 2004\n|C-reactive protein, bezafibrate, and recurrent coronary events in patients with chronic coronary heart disease|\nM Haim, M Benderly, D Tanne, Z Matas, V Boyko, EZ Fisman, ...\nAmerican Heart Journal 154 (6), 1095-1101, 2007\n|Serum homocysteine and long-term risk of myocardial infarction and sudden death in patients with coronary heart disease|\nM Haim, D Tanne, U Goldbourt, R Doolman, V Boyko, D Brunner, BA Sela, ...\nCardiology 107 (1), 52-56, 2007", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "ADHD, Methylphenidate and BloodSugarLevelsby\nADHD medications may interfere with bloodsugarlevels and glucose metabolism:\nWhen we think..., and will also investigate possible effects of age, gender and co-existing disorders:\nA drop in bloodsugar following...\nTreat gum disease to lower bloodsugarlevelsby\nDr. John Z.\ndisease can reduce bloodsugarlevels in Type 2 diabetes, although there was not enough available evidence... necessarily make the association between the treatment of gum disease and the control of bloodsugarlevels. The study suggests...", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Care Quality Commission\nCare Quality Commission (CQC) is the independent regulator of health and adult social care in England.\nThey make sure that health and social care services provide people with safe, effective, compassionate, high-quality care and encourage care services to improve.\nThey monitor, inspect and regulate services and publish what they find, including performance ratings, to help people choose care.\nWe were last regulated in 2017 with the report being pubished in January 2018. We were proud to have 4 areas of outstanding practice.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We value our customer’s time, health, and experience at our office. By re-envisioning what the dentist’s office can be, we’ve designed a space featuring a modern-day aesthetic to create a soothing and stream-lined environment for your comfort and health. We have a children’s area equipped with the latest in entertainment, the most innovative dental equipment on the market, and the business’s best professionals to deliver you an exceptional dental experience.\nWe always suggest bringing a list of your current prescriptions, any relevant medical history, insurance cards, questions you may have for us, and, of course, the expectation to brighten your smile. We even allow you to bring headphones so you can listen to music, podcasts, etc., while we maintain your oral health.\nWe understand the dentist’s office isn’t the most appealing place for children and can feel quite confining. By creating a children’s space in the office, we can provide an environment where kids can feel comfortable and enjoy themselves with a flat-screen TV included with streaming services, video games, and Ipads.\nYou’re not alone; it’s actually quite common to be nervous when visiting the dentist’s office. Just make a team member of the doctor himself aware, and we will prioritize your comfort during your visit. We’ll work with you to manage any stress you may be experiencing and adapt the treatment to your needs.\nInsurance cards (if you have insurance) and ID’s are a must in order for us to assist with your dental health, but a list of your current prescriptions and any relevant medical history is always helpful.\nClick on the contact us button, so we can get you booked for an appointment and give you the smile you deserve.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "There are services already in place which are currently underutilised locally and therefore it is important that we make ourselves aware of, promote and use these services. If you are needing transport assistance to Perth or other major centres you are encouraged to contact your local health service for advice.\nThere are three main services available currently which our community members can utilise:\n1) Patient Assisted Travel Scheme (PATS)\nThe Patient Assisted Travel Scheme (PATS) provides permanent country residents in a WA Country Health Service region with financial assistance when travelling more than 100kms to access the nearest eligible medical specialist service (including Telehealth).\nCountry patients needing to travel more than 70kms to access specialist medical treatment for cancer or dialysis, where the health service is unable to provide a transport service, are also eligible for some assistance.\nPATS provides a subsidy to eligible patients, however it does not cover all costs associated with travel and accommodation.\nTo access PATS a referral must be made by the patient’s medical practitioner. The application for PATS assistance needs to be lodged prior to travel via fax, mail, email or in person at the patient’s nearest health service. READ MORE INFORMATION HERE: http://www.wacountry.health.wa.gov.au/fileadmin/sections/pats/WACHS_G_PATS_GuideForPatientsAndCarers.pdf\n2) HACC – Home and Community Care Program\nThe Western Australian Home and Community Care (HACC) Program is a joint funding initiative of the Commonwealth and WA State Governments which provides basic support services for eligible people of all ages with a disability and their carers to assist them to continue living independently at home.\nHACC support is designed to assist people with the greatest need and aims to maximise people’s independence. This includes providing basic support for people:\n- Transport assistance to help you attend appointments and travel around the community\n- to participate in social activity in a group or one-on-one\n- with everyday household tasks\n- to enhance nutrition, function, strength, independence and safety\n- to support independence in personal care activities such as showering and dressing\n- to keep up with essential activities such as shopping, banking and maintaining social contacts\nREAD MORE INFORMATION HERE: http://ww2.health.wa.gov.au/Articles/F_I/HACC-Home-and-Community-Care-Program\n3) Narrogin CATS Bus (Community Assisted Transport Service)\nThis Service is for members of Narrogin and District community requiring transport to specialist medical appointments and services not available in Narrogin.\nREAD MORE INFORMATION HERE:\nThere is also a schedule of visiting specialists to the Narrogin Hospital and this list can be requested at the Dumbleyung Hospital. If you have further questions or would like to enquire about any of these services, you are welcome to contact the Dumbleyung Hospital on (08) 9863 5222.\nArticle supplied by the Shire of Dumbleyung", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Following a healthy diet may help reduce risk of hearing loss in women\nSticking to a healthy diet may help reduce the risk of hearing loss in women. This is according to a new study by a top hospital in the United States called, Brigham and Women's Hospital.\nThe study looks at the relationship between hearing loss and three different diets. These are the Alternate Mediterranean diet (AMED), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010).\nResearchers followed 81,818 women for 22 years and found that women who closely followed the AMED and DASH diets had about a 30% lower risk of moderate or worse hearing loss, as compared to women who did not follow these dietary guidelines.\nThe study says that eating well contributes to overall good health, and it may also be helpful in reducing the risk of hearing loss.\nA Mediterranean diet is mainly made up of fruits, vegetables, beans, nuts, legumes, olive oil, fish, and seafood. It allows for sweets and red meat for special occasions. Cheese and yogurt is allowed in moderation.\nThe DASH diet is high in fruits and vegetables, lower in dairy, meat, poultry, and fish and minimal in fats, oils, and sweets.\nThe AHEI-2010 diet has similar components to both the AMED and DASH diets.\nRead more on Newz Hook\n- Get-hooked November 17, 2018 What made Stan Lee's superheroes so magical for children with autism\n- Headlines November 18, 2018 Kerala shutdowns as Sabarimala open for ‘Mandala Kalam’\n- Accessibility November 19, 2018 #MeToo moment eludes India's disabled women, Tamil Nadu study reveals extent of invisibility\n- Events November 15, 2018 BGFI's Accessible Tour to Mumbai Dockyard\n- Headlines November 15, 2018 Supreme Court to hear review petitions for Sabarimala issue on 22 January\n- Get-hooked November 16, 2018 Some tips to make learning fun for children with autism\n- Technology November 13, 2018 Engineering student develops app called Myability that speaks out typed text\nAsk your question about any issue related to disability, this is your space to find the answer.\nWant to feature your inspiring story or share an event with the disabled community? Write to:\nGet-hooked November 14, 2018\nGet-hooked November 19, 2018\nNewz Hook - Accessible News", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "No evidence of cytomegalovirus in aggressive brain cancer tissue\nIn a rigorous study of tumor tissue collected from 125 patients with aggressive brain cancers, researchers at Johns Hopkins say they have found no evidence of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection and conclude that a link between the two diseases, as claimed by earlier reports, likely does not exist.\nThe Johns Hopkins team cautioned that studies to confirm this finding are needed to absolutely rule out any role for the common CMV in glioblastoma and other cancers that arise in neurological support cells called glial cells. But they say their study substantially weakens the likelihood of that role.\nA report on the research was published in Clinical Cancer Research.\nAs early as 2002, the Johns Hopkins team says, several studies reported that tumor cells isolated within glioblastomas and other gliomas were infected with CMV, a herpes virus that infects more than half of all adults by age 40 and is related to viruses that cause chickenpox and mononucleosis.\nBecause other viruses are associated with some cancers, notably HPV ( human papillomavirus ), which causes most cervical and some head and neck cancers; and Epstein-Barr virus, which causes some lymphomas, those earlier findings generated excitement about the potential for antiviral therapies to improve the usually poor outlook for people with gliomas.\nInvestigators used several techniques to test tumor and other tissues from 99 men and women and 26 children with glioblastoma and other high-grade gliomas preserved and stored in different ways. Some of the tissues were stored as fresh frozen tissue, and some in paraffin wax blocks of tissue first soaked in a preservative known as formalin ( formalin-fixed / paraffin embedded or FFPE ), using either standard pathology slides or a tissue microarray ( a collection of several small samples placed in the same paraffin wax block ).\nThe researchers ran these samples through different analytical techniques to look for CMV. Fresh frozen and FFPE samples underwent real-time PCR ( a technique used to amplify copies of CMV's viral DNA ) or chromogenic in situ hybridization, a technique that looks for the presence of specific nucleic acids that make up DNA.\nThe FFPE samples and those in a tissue microarray underwent immunohistochemistry, a process that looks for certain CMV-derived proteins.\nUsing one or more of these techniques on all of the samples from the 125 patients, the researchers found no evidence of CMV in any of them.\nAdditionally, the researchers took blood samples from 18 recently diagnosed patients before they received standard radiation to treat their cancer and periodically after their treatment.\nThey tested the portion of blood called plasma of these patients using real-time PCR and their serum using a method known as the IgG avidity index, which looks for antibodies to a virus and can indicate the presence of a latent or previous infection.\nEight of 15 patients, for which blood serum was available, had signs of CMV in their serum, similar to rates in the general population. None had signs of the virus in their tumors, including those who tested positive for the virus in their serum.\nMore research using large numbers of tumor tissues from patients throughout the world, coordinated by independent laboratories with no stake in the presence of CMV in gliomas, will be necessary before CMV can definitely be ruled out as a player in these cancers.\nThere are several types of high-grade gliomas, including glioblastoma, the most common, which is a type of astrocytoma and the most common among primary brain cancers in adults.\nThe American Brain Tumor Association ( ABTA ) predicts that more than 12,000 cases of glioblastoma will be diagnosed in the U.S. in 2017.\nMedian survival for this disease is 14.6 months with the current standard of care, which includes radiation and chemotherapy. ( Xagena )\nSource: Johns Hopkins Medicine, 2017\nVotubia for treating the benign tumours caused by tuberous sclerosis: subependymal giant cell astrocytoma and renal angiomyolipoma\nVotubia is a medicine that contains the active substance Everolimus. It is available as tablets ( 2.5, 5, 10 mg...\nResearchers are closely studying the link between inflammatory processes and tumor formation, while others are investigating anti-inflammatory drugs as a...\nResearchers at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center have found that allergies and asthma that stimulate inflammation...\nResults from a new study of childhood cancer statistics provide further evidence that common infections affecting mother and baby could...\nResearchers at University of Texas ( UT ) Southwestern Medical Center found that stem cells in a certain region of...\nThe FDA ( Food and Drug Administration ) has approved a new indication for Temozolomide ( Temodar ), an...", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Doctor insights on:\nI take 10 mg of lisinopril daily. Wondering how dangerous it is if I forget to take it every once and a while?\nNot detrimental: It takes a tremendous amount of dedication to stay on a medical regimen every day of your life! it is important that med be taken as prescribed, but we all forget here and there. For lisinopril, it is not detrimental if you missed a dose especially if you have been taking it regularly (you have a good, steady level of it in your body already) and that your pressure is under good control. Good luck. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer\nCan I take propranolol sr 60mg with 50mg zoloft (sertraline)? I have hypertension, my doc prescribed me propranolol after lisinopril has side effects on me.\nZoloft (sertraline) Beta Blocker: Beta blockers can slow down the brain processes, even to the point aggravating existing depression. Propranolol penetrates the brain substantially. I recommend you take propranolol at night. Ask your prescriber if atenolol may not be preferred, since its brain penetration is a lot less than propranolol. ...Read moreSee 2 more doctor answers\nACE and food: Lisinopril is equally effective with or without food. Food does not effect how well it works or is absorbed. ...Read more\nIs lisinopril, used as a hypertensive rx, usually taken in the morning or evening when it is prescribed one time daily?\nEither: There is some evidence that this type of blood pressure medication may control your blood pressure better if taken at night. That being said the most important factor in control is a patient taking their medications consistently. Take it the time of day you are least likely to forget to take it. If that is the morning then that is the best time of day for you. ...Read more\nYes: Absolutely.Get a more detailed answer ›\nI take a small dose of lisinopril daily for mildly elevated bp. It works well except for in dr. Office when the white coat hits and it spikes thru. ?\nWhite Coat : Hypertension is common. Keep track of your BP out of the office and discuss with your doctor. ...Read more", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This week, with it being back to school, I have found myself talking to several patients and parent caregivers of individuals with chronic disease about this transition.\nWith each new school year, you can hear the excitement buzzing around on the school yard or on social media of all the kids heading back, excited to see friends and share their aspirations. But for Daniel, and for many others, there is less excitement and a little bit more apprehension.\nDaniel had a great first day back to school, but we still had a conversation about him feeling like he’s still ‘the kid with arthritis’, ‘the kid with a suppressed immune system’. People know his story—and we are so relieved that they do, so our community can be there for him—but for a kid or a young person with a disability, even an invisible one, it can sometimes feel like it’s the first thing people know about you or ask you about. When all you want is to just be or feel normal.\nI sometimes wonder if that’s almost the very definition of being normal and wonder how many of us are walking around questioning ourselves, wishing we were normal. What is normal anyway? Because if having a life free of pain is normal then I feel like none of us qualify!\nBut like anyone who has pain—whether it be physical, or emotional—there is a grief that never goes away and with every new situation it pops back up again. We’ve seen it when we have had to take more trips to the hospital; we’ve seen it when we have fewer trips to the hospital. I saw it when we started homeschooling; I saw it when we went back to school. It feels like, with every new transition—like with all grief—kids with chronic pain and rare diseases face their big emotions all over again! And processing emotions is hard and it can come out in different ways.\nSome of the things we’ve heard from Daniel at home:\n- When in Denial: “No, I’m not different. I’m fine. I’m normal. Stop telling people I have arthritis! I don’t need help!”\n- When in Pain/Guilt: “If I could only keep up with the other kids, they wouldn’t know I’m different! Why do I have to go to the hospital all the time!? Why do I have to be different? Why can’t I do it! (it being a specific physical activity, like running, climbing monkey bars, etc.)\n- When he’s Angry: “It’s not fair! No one gets me! Why haven’t doctors figured out how to fix me yet!? Why does everyone treat me differently? You’re hurting me!”\n- When he feels lonely: “Not even doctors can understand me; there is no one else like me. It hurts, and there are no answers. I don’t want to be like this forever.”\nOften, we see a cycle of these emotions; Daniel might feel them in big ways and then process them and break from them. But often, just like other forms of grief, they resurface again. I can’t offer up advice as to what to do to “fix” these feelings and truthfully—just like these diseases—I don’t know that there is a cure.\nEven as a parent I find myself going through cycles of grief when I picture the life I had planned for my child. Even when his pain is controlled and he seems to be doing well, you face the uncertainty of the future and these emotions can once again rear their ugly head.\nFor so many of these kids and patients with chronic rheumatic diseases and their families, these feelings are common and constant, and nothing can change that. But what can help is when someone who has been on a similar journey comes alongside and says, “I understand, I feel it too,” or when someone who is part of the patient’s care team can say, “I see your pain, how can I help? What do you need?”\nUnless you are faced with chronic disease, it’s hard to realize that every transition means facing these emotions. Many might think that when you have something positive happen in your life, like returning to school, or fewer hospital visits, “These are all positive changes, so why am I struggling?” But the reality is that for someone who has faced grief, sometimes the happy moments can be the hardest of all, because you are picturing what could’ve been and what isn’t.\nAnd when you spend so much time surviving, sometimes you forget how to live.\nSo, if you see my child today at school, or at sports or at his next appointment, please be patient with him: Give him a moment, ask him how he is feeling. Maybe it’s a good day, or maybe it’s not. But what he needs is to not be seen as the boy with chronic disease, but as the boy who is learning to feel alive.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "When it comes to your health, choosing the right healthcare provider is crucial. Whether you’re looking for a primary care doctor or a specialist, finding someone who can meet your specific needs is essential for your overall well-being. The right healthcare provider will not only provide you with the necessary medical treatment but also offer support, guidance, and a sense of trust.\nWith so many options available, it can be overwhelming to make this decision. However, by considering a few key factors, you can ensure that you choose the right healthcare provider for your needs.\nExperience and Credentials: One of the first factors to consider when choosing a healthcare provider is their experience and credentials. Look for providers who have a solid educational background, relevant certifications, and years of experience in their field. This will give you confidence in their ability to provide high-quality care.\nSpecialization: Depending on your specific healthcare needs, it’s important to find a provider who specializes in the area of medicine that is relevant to you. Whether you’re seeking a primary care doctor, a dermatologist, or an orthopedic surgeon, finding a provider who has expertise in treating your particular condition or concern is essential.\nReputation and Reviews: Researching the reputation and reviews of healthcare providers can give you valuable insights into their quality of care. Look for online reviews, testimonials, and ratings from previous patients. Additionally, ask for recommendations from friends, family, or other healthcare professionals who may have had experience with the provider you are considering.\nFinding a primary care doctor is an important step in managing your overall health. A primary care doctor serves as your first point of contact for any non-emergency medical concerns and coordinates your healthcare needs.\nFirst, consider asking friends, family, or other healthcare professionals for referrals as they may have had positive experiences with certain doctors. Additionally, it’s important to check if the primary care doctor you’re interested in accepts your health insurance to avoid unexpected costs and ensure coverage for your visits. You can also make use of online directories provided by your insurance company or reputable healthcare organizations, which offer valuable details like the doctor’s specialty, education, and contact information, making it easier to find a suitable primary care doctor in your area.\nDuring your search for a primary care doctor, it’s essential to ask relevant questions to ensure that they meet your specific needs. Here are some important questions to consider:\nWhat is their approach to preventive care? A primary care doctor’s focus on preventive care can greatly impact your long-term health. Inquire about their philosophy on preventive screenings, vaccinations, and lifestyle modifications to promote wellness.\nHow do they handle emergencies or after-hours care? It’s important to understand how your primary care doctor handles emergencies or after-hours care. Do they have a protocol for urgent situations, and will they be available when you need them the most?\nAre they open to communication and collaboration? Building a strong relationship with your primary care doctor requires open communication and collaboration. Ask about their availability for appointments, their preferred communication methods, and their willingness to work with other specialists if needed.\nWhen selecting a primary care doctor, it’s important to consider more than just finding the right provider. To ensure a smooth transition and establish a successful doctor-patient relationship, there are additional tips to keep in mind.\nFirst, prepare for your first visit by gathering any relevant medical records, test results, or a list of medications you are currently taking. This will help your primary care doctor obtain a comprehensive understanding of your medical history and provide appropriate care. It is also very important to ensure the practice you’re looking into accepts your health care insurance plan. This will help you avoid unexpected expenses and ensure that your visits are covered.\nAdditionally, prioritize open and honest communication to establish trust with your doctor. Share your symptoms, concerns, and lifestyle choices to enable accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plans.\nLastly, be sure to follow your primary care doctor’s recommendations, which may include lifestyle modifications, screenings, or vaccinations aimed at improving your overall health. Actively participating in your own healthcare will contribute to better outcomes and a stronger partnership with your primary care provider.\nBuilding a strong relationship with your primary care doctor is essential for effective healthcare. Here are some tips to foster a positive doctor-patient relationship:\nCommunication: Establish open and honest communication with your primary care doctor. Share your concerns, symptoms, and goals, and ask questions to ensure that you have a clear understanding of your healthcare.\nActive Participation: Take an active role in your healthcare by following your primary care doctor’s recommendations, attending regular check-ups, and adhering to prescribed treatments. Actively participating in your own healthcare can lead to better outcomes.\nTrust and Collaboration: Trust is the foundation of any successful doctor-patient relationship. Trust your primary care doctor’s expertise and judgment, and collaborate with them in decision-making regarding your healthcare.\nPreventive care is essential for maintaining good health and avoiding future health problems, and your primary care physician plays a critical role in delivering it. Here’s how your primary care physician contributes to preventive care:\nOne of the key ways your primary care physician promotes preventive care is through regular check-ups. These appointments enable your doctor to assess your overall health, monitor existing conditions, and identify potential risks early on. By detecting health issues at an early stage, interventions can be implemented to reduce the likelihood of complications down the line.\nIn addition, primary care physicians ensure that you receive the necessary vaccinations based on factors such as your age, medical history, and lifestyle. By keeping you up to date on recommended vaccinations, they protect you from infectious diseases and contribute to the prevention of community-wide outbreaks.\nFurthermore, primary care physicians conduct various health screenings to proactively identify potential health problems. These screenings encompass essential checks such as blood pressure measurements, cholesterol screenings, and cancer screenings. By catching these issues before they escalate, your doctor can intervene promptly and help you take preventive measures.\nBy providing regular check-ups, administering vaccinations, and conducting health screenings, your primary care physician plays a crucial role in keeping you healthy and preventing future health complications. Establishing a strong partnership with your primary care provider will empower you to prioritize preventive care and maintain your well-being.\nEffective communication plays a vital role in providing optimal patient care. WUWTA offers a user-friendly platform that facilitates meaningful patient-provider relationships, fostering trust, engagement, and compliance.\nWUWTA’s platform is thoughtfully designed to deliver information to patients in a format that suits them best: at the right time and in a way they can easily comprehend.\nWitness the impact of WUWTA firsthand. Request a 30-minute presentation to see how WUWTA works and the benefits it can bring to your practice. Simply fill out the form to schedule your presentation today.\n\"*\" indicates required fields\nDiscover how telemedicine reshapes patient experiences. Explore the future of healthcare with virtual care's transformative impact.Read More\nTransform admin processes with patient communication platforms. Optimize efficiency, streamline tasks, and enhance the patient experience. Discover more now!Read More", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Five cases of the infectious illness Legionnaires' disease have been detected in Melbourne, with health authorities investigating possible links to cooling towers in the CBD.\nVictorian deputy Chief Health Officer Finn Romanes says the three men and two women affected, aged 51 to 71, had each worked or visited the CBD in the days before they became unwell.\nThey are recovering after being admitted to hospital for treatment.\nDr Romanes says anyone who visited Melbourne's CBD between late March and early April and who is suffering from pneumonia or flu-like symptoms should visit their GP.\nThe illness causes flu-like symptoms such as headache, fever, chills, muscle aches and pains, followed by respiratory problems and pneumonia over three or four days, but can be fatal if left untreated.\nPeople at most risk are aged over 50, heavy smokers or drinkers, people with diabetes or lung disease, and those with compromised immunity.\nTwenty-six people have contracted Legionnaires' disease in Victoria so far this year.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "TCM Cupping/Guasha Massage (2hr)\n- 2 hr2 hours\n- 300 US dollars$300\n- 406 West Grand Parkway, Ste 280. Katy. Texas-77494\nIt's an age old TCM bodywork technique that can be used for pretty much anything from your daily aches and pains in acute to chronic sever ailments, it used to release the body of blood stagnation. Blood stagnation is considered to be the cause of many diseases. It mimics sweating and promotes body fluid circulation which helps to normalize cellular metabolic processes and release toxic waste from your deep cellular tissues. It also increases blood and Qi (energy) circulation to help oxidize your cells as well as nourish them. It is a great treatment that can reach and stimulate most of the body areas and it recorded in benefit for more than 400 different types of health issues.\nRead our \"Booking-Policy\" page before submit your appointment. 50% deposit must paid in order to reserve your appointment spot. Gift-card holder, package, membership, and other pre-paid customers, 50% of the full rate of service/s will be withheld from your payment credit as the deposit, 10~15mins early arrival prior your appointment time are required to avoid your session being rushed and/or lose of your session minutes. Cancellation/Rescheduling/No-Show policy will apply if not follow.\n406 West Grand Parkway South, Katy, TX, USA", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Want the experience of working with a wide range of patients in a technologically advanced facility all while working in a small family friendly atmosphere? then join our team on the Medical Surgical Unit at Wesley Woodlawn Hospital!\nNo other organization is better positioned to deliver an excellent work experience for you like one committed to the care and improvement of human life. Wesley Woodlawn, a campus of Wesley Medical Center, provides patients with convenient access to expert heart care, surgical care and emergency services. Our 82 bed facility provides world-class medical care while promoting wellness, healthy lifestyles and community health education programs and screenings.\nWe are deeply proud to have earned an \"A\" rating in the most recent Leapfrog Hospital Patient Safety Report!\nOur Medical Surgical Unit, T4, is a 26 bed unit which provides care to post-operative surgical patients and non-cardiac related patients with a variety of illnesses and disease processes. Our main population is bariatric, orthopedic total joints, and robotic surgeries. We received our Bariatric Surgery Center Accreditation from the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery.\nTo learn more about the Culture at Wesley Woodlawn, CLICK HERE!\nPosition Summary: Under the general supervision of the Nursing Unit's Manager or designee, the Clinical Nurse Coordinator assumes responsibility for direction and coordination of all functions in the nursing unit on his/her designated shifts. In collaboration with other members of the management team, this individual is responsible for the ongoing assessment of the quality of patient care services provided in the unit.\nAssumes responsibility for direction and coordination of all functions during the designated shift\nFunctions as a resource person for staff members and assists in necessary education of individual members of the nursing staff\nAssumes responsibility for the overall quality of nursing care provided when on duty\nMakes decisions regarding activities with these areas based on Administrative Operational Standards, Nursing administrative Standards, Human Resource standards, and Standards of Care for the Unit, in collaboration with other members of the management team\nSupports and demonstrates alignment and leadership of the mission of Wesley Healthcare and Wesley ICARE standards\nSystematically evaluates the quality and effectiveness of nursing practice by participation in quality of care activities to initiate, implement, and sustain process improvements\nMaintains current professional knowledge, acts as a role model/resource, and oversees direct nursing care to patients\nEstablishes and maintains effective and respectful communication in development of all collaborative relationships\nAbility to utilize critical thinking and problem solving skills to identify, interpret, and access appropriate resources in patient specific scenario(s)\nSecures, administers and handles medication according to established guidelines\nDelivers patient-centered nursing care in accordance with standards of care defined by Wesley Medical Center and Wesley Woodlawn Hospital\nAssists with assessment and evaluation of staffing patterns for proper utilization of personnel, according to patient acuity levels\nAssists in investigations, documentation, and resolution of complaints or incidents concerning patients, visitors, physicians and staff\nParticipates in, and enforces hospital life-safety, quality, and risk management policies, procedures, and standards of regulatory agencies\nAssists in the development and implementation of goals and objectives for the department\nAssists with interviewing, hiring, orientation and evaluation of staff performance\nRequired Registration, Licensure or Certification\nCurrent Licensure in the State of Kansas as a Registered Professional Nurse (RN)\nCurrent Basic Life Support (BLS) verification course, as specified in policy\nObtain Advanced Certification in department's area of specialty within 24 months\nRequired Education or Experience\nGraduate of an accredited school of professional nursing\nPreferred Education or Experience\nTwo (2) years of clinical practice in the clinical specialty of his/her unit\nRequired Knowledge and Skills\nCommitment to the goals of the unit, patient safety initiatives and positive patient experience\nContinued demonstration of clinical and leadership competency\nAbility to utilize the nursing process in the provision of nursing care including, but not limited to, administering treatments and medications, interpreting diagnostic tests, formulating a plan of care, collaborating with other healthcare providers and providing education to patients and/or significant others\nDemonstrated ability to communicate effectively\nPossess personal computer skills\nAbility to multi-task, delegate and prioritize\nDisplays judgment and superior problem solving skills\nCommunicates positively and professionally with all internal and external customers\nAbility to collaborate with other health care providers\nAbility to educate patients and/or significant others\nAbility to supervise regular staff and float staff on shift\nDemonstrates good organizational skills\nPreferred Knowledge and Skills\nPossess skills in: patient care documentation systems and bed placement systems\nWe focus on keeping benefits fair, smart and competitive with a full package of rewards that support your health, life, career and future. As part of our commitment to a healthy work/life experience, HCA rewards our employees with comprehensive health and wellness benefits, financial and retirement planning support, and time away from work options. Learn more.\nHCA is an equal opportunity employer.\nInternal Number: 26330-19444\nAbout Wesley Medical Center - Wesley Woodlawn Hospital & ER\nFor more than 100 years, Wesley Healthcare has provided exceptional healthcare to thousands of families in Wichita and throughout Kansas and Northern Oklahoma. As a leader in overall recommended care, Wesley treats more than 24,000 patients annually and delivers more than 6,000 babies each year, more than any hospital in a 13-state region.\nOlorum, sequi ad magnati nvenist ibusciis aut rae. Eritect ibusandandem hilitiam imus por simolest, iscieni moloreped quamus, velesedi totatemodis del il il ium experum erestio. Nam que sandebit volorestium dolor si toriae.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A Legal and Ethical Dilemma\nDescribe the legal and ethical dilemma discussed in the case study. Analyze the key ways in which a patient’s right to die relates to this specific case.\nFrom your research, specify the potential repercussions for failure to comply with the wishes of a patient who has requested to withhold a life-sustaining procedure. Next, take a position on whether the patient’s right to die or the patient’s right to be protected from harm should take precedence in this case. Provide a rationale for your position.\nImagine that you are a part of the ethics committee investigating this case. Determine the main facts pertaining to the issue that the committee should consider. Suggest one step that the facility should take next in order to resolve the dilemma. Provide a rationale for your response.\nleast three quality academic resources.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Preventative Dentistry Can Help You Achieve and Maintain Optimal Oral Health\nPreventive dental care can save you time and money, and guard against the development of painful and serious health conditions. By keeping up with your regular dental visits, you can halt the advancement of most problems with simple measures, rather than needing to undergo invasive and expensive procedures. Routine care is about more than cleaning your teeth everyday. Preventative dentistry keeps your jaw, soft tissues, and entire mouth healthy. Make a sound investment in your oral and overall wellness by choosing preventative dentistry with Dr. John Rink. Contact us at our Charleston, SC practice today, and set up your appointment with our friendly staff.\nProfessional Cleanings and Exams\nYour regular cleanings and exams are important foundations of preventative dentistry. These visits are typically scheduled twice a year, although patients with certain conditions, like a predisposition to gum disease, may need to come in more frequently.\nYour professional cleaning is designed to thoroughly remove plaque and tartar from your teeth. When it is not removed, plaque can calcify into tartar, which can cause bad breath and receding gums. Tartar can only be removed by a dental professional using specialized equipment.\nDuring a routine dental visit, our team will do more than clean your teeth. Your dentist will carefully check your gums for signs of periodontal disease. Any existing restorations will be examined to ensure that they are strong and functioning properly. Your jaw, palate, soft tissues, and tongue will be reviewed for conditions like temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder and oral cancer. In this way, regular dental visits keep your mouth clean and healthy, and allow for early intervention and treatment of several common concerns.\nOther Preventative Treatments\nIn addition to regular dental exams, fluoride treatments and sealants can help prevent decay and the formation of cavities. Fluoride is topically applied to the teeth, and can easily be added onto your regular exam. Sealants are applied to the chewing surfaces of your molars, where they deter bacteria and acid from penetrating the teeth. Sealants are especially beneficial for children and patients who are prone to cavities.\nGood At-home Dental Care\nMost of us are aware brushing twice a day and flossing daily are mainstays of good at-home hygiene. There are also some finer points to keep in mind, including:\n- Choosing toothpaste with fluoride: This mineral is known to strengthen tooth enamel and reduce the risk of cavities. Toothpaste fortified with fluoride is a simple and effective way to improve the health of your teeth, and ward off decay.\n- Your toothbrush bristles: Like many of our patients, you might not realize your toothbrush has frayed or jagged bristles. These damaged bristles can irritate and even harm your gums. To keep your gums in good condition, patients should replace their toothbrushes every three months, and choose brushes with softer bristles.\n- Eating a healthy diet: Certain minerals, like phosphate and calcium, help keep your teeth strong. Eating foods and drinking beverages with high levels of sugar can fuel the production of oral bacteria and acids which can destroy tooth enamel. For these reasons, it is important to maintain a healthy, well-balanced diet that restricts sugar intake.\nSchedule Your Visit with Us Today\nDr. Rink and his staff can help you achieve and maintain great oral health with preventative dentistry treatments. Contact our office today to schedule your next visit.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "NMC begins process to allocate post-graduate seatsThe Nepal Medical Council (NMC) has begun the process to grant post-graduate seats to two government hospitals in Biratnagar and Nepalgunj—a decision that will remain crucial to end the chronic shortage of specialists in government health facilities, especially outside the Capital.\nThe Nepal Medical Council (NMC) has begun the process to grant post-graduate seats to two government hospitals in Biratnagar and Nepalgunj—a decision that will remain crucial to end the chronic shortage of specialists in government health facilities, especially outside the Capital.\nA team of experts have submitted a report to the council following inspection of the Koshi Zonal Hospital, Biratnagar and Bheri Zonal Hospital, Nepalgunj.\nBoth the hospitals will run the post-graduate programmes as an extension of the National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital. Post-graduate courses, including general medicine, orthopaedics, gynaecology, paediatrics, anaesthesiologist, radiologist and pathologist, will be run in the first phase.\n“The inspection has been already completed. We are reviewing the report,” said NMC Registrar Dr Dilip Sharma. But he refused to share information on the number of seats the two hospitals would be allotted.\nDr Dinesh Banstola, a member of the inspection team, said they have pointed out the shortage of faculty members and facilities available for the PG students in the report. NAMS is planning to recruit a fresh batch of students for the PG courses by the last week of August for the next academic session.\nThe Health Ministry had instructed NAMS to begin the courses in big government hospitals outside Kathmandu Valley after multiple reports suggested the shortage of specialists.\nOne of the reports prepared under the chairmanship of Dr Chop Lal Bhusal, former chairman of the Nepal Health Research Council, had identified five clusters where the MD/MS programmes can be run in government hospitals outside the Valley.\nMechi Zonal Hospital of Jhapa; Koshi Zonal Hospital of Morang and Sagarmatha Zonal Hospital of Saptari in the Eastern Region are clubbed in Cluster 1. Bharatpur Hospital of Chitwan; Hetauda Hospital of Makwanpur and Lumbini Zonal Hospital of Rupandehi in Cluster 2. Bheri Zonal Hospital of Banke; Midwestern Regional Hospital of Surkhet and Bardiya District Hospital are in Cluster 3.\nPokhara Academy of Health Sciences and Dhaulagiri Zonal Hospital of Baglung are placed in Cluster 4 and Mahakali Zonal Hospital of Kanchanpur and Seti Zonal Hospital of Dhangadi and Sub-Regional Hospital of Dadeldhura in Cluster 5.\nNAMS Vice Chancellor Dr Ganesh Gurung said that the students who will be enrolled for the PG courses must take up an assignment in rural districts for a few years. “A formal bond should be signed to this end,” said Dr Gurung.\nAt present, only around 300 specialist doctors are working with the Health Ministry.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Re: If his teeth don't come out right..\nLOL. When I first thought sideways, I thought man that is not right! i was thinking like sideways like the tooth almost laying down on the gums sideways not crooked sideways. My husband had a patient like that and the tooth started growing into the gums and they had to do oral surgery and cut it out. It was one of her back teeth, she had had another tooth pulled and that tooth get leaning forward to fill in the gap until it was laying down. She should have gotten a bridge or a implant.\nBut anyways, I had to correct myself towards the end. One my adult teeth is sideways. But like I said it's hard to clean and it cuts my tongue, even though I've had it sanded down twice. Once my husband's oral surgery residency is over I will be getting it fixed.\nI still recommend seeing the dentist, but mostly because I am a mom that follows most of the recommendations people give me, there's good reason for most of it!\nHomeschooling momma to 3 kids, ages 7, 5.5, and 3.5 years old.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "One of my favorite health tips drives my friends nuts when I start preaching about juicing!\nDo you have enough time in your day to eat all the recommended fruits and vegetables that will keep you healthy and happy???\nIt's not easy! But my personal solution is MY JUICE MACHINE!\nLook into getting a juicer for your own health boost! A juice machine is the best investment you can make for your health and happiness!\nCure Help has articles to help you discover information and tips about\nCure health articles14&\nWhile much of the information at Cure Help Health Tips can be beneficial and empowering, we'd just like to remind you that the suggestions found on this web site are intended for informational purposes only and are not medical advice.\nLets begin with a bit about what types of hair loss there are. Until someone suffers from hair loss they are unaware of the many different types of hair loss and the factors behind each one.\nMale Pattern Baldness:\nOn average, there are 90,000 to 150,000 hairs on the scalp. The hairs grow from roots called follicles. Blood vessels at the base of each follicle provide nourishment vital for hair and hair growth. Hair growth in each root occurs in a cycle independent of each other. At any time about 90 percent of the hairs on the scalp are in the growth phase, while the other 10 percent are in the resting phase.\nWhat is Male Pattern Baldness?:\nAlmost all cases of hair loss is the result of Male pattern baldness (or androgenetic alopecia). Male pattern baldness occurs much more frequently in men than in women. Even in mild cases It affects roughly 50 million men in the United States. Balding may begin at any age after puberty. While some types of hair loss is reversible, male pattern baldness tends to be permanent. It occurs in a very typical pattern on the scalp.\nHair loss usually begins at the temples and at the top of the head toward the back, causing a receding hairline and a bald spot. Sometimes progressing further until the two sections become joined,leaving a horseshoe pattern on the sides and back of the head. Male pattern baldness progresses slowly and is not associated with any physical discomfort.\nWhat causes male pattern baldness?\nMale pattern baldness is thought to be a combination of hormonal and genetic factors. Testosterone and its more potent derivative dihydrotestosterone or DHT as its known are the contributing factors of the degree of baldness. Whatever the exact causes of male pattern baldness may be, it is hereditary.\nA tendency toward baldness on either side of a man's family (mother or father) indicates the speed, pattern and degree of the balding. Usually, the earlier it begins, the more severe the hair loss will be. Wearing a hat does not cause Balding. You can't regrow your hair by massaging or brushing. These are thought to be false. Stress may contribute to a form of hair loss, but normal everyday stress does not contribute to balding.\nThere are many treatments out there that can make a huge difference to your hair loss problem. However, from my personal experience with hair loss there are also a lot of products out there that either do nothing to help or can have some serious side effects. This is why you need to be careful which products you decide to use. For obvious reasons (don't want to get sued) I am unable to name the products that are useless or can be harmful but if you do some research in the search engines you can usually get some good information on certain hair loss forums.\nHowever, I can tell you that there is one product that has worked for me and many other people including many celebrities. This product has had extensive clinical trials and is 100% natural without side effects. To learn more about the product please visit my website in my author box below.\nFame Ahmed has devoted his life to helping hair loss sufferers is recognised as an expert in the field. To learn more visit: Natural Hair Loss Remedy guide.\nAs always, before you attempt to self medicate or try a new health regimen or program we suggest you retain the services of a qualified health care professional.\nHair Loss - Natural Remedies Are Very Effective\nThe subject of hair loss prevention, diligence and knowledge on proper hair care play important roles in avoiding hair loss. However, not all causes of hair loss are within our control, a good majority of the leading reasons for such a condition can be avoided with the correct regimens in caring for our scalp.\nIf you stick with the basics, you'll have a healthier scalp and can avoid hair loss.\nSo what are the proper steps for hair loss prevention, you might ask?\nOne step is to avoid putting too many harsh chemicals on your hair. Hair will grow healthy quite naturally. While shampooing your hair, make sure that you'll give your scalp some good kneading and rubbing, to stimulate the follicles and promote sound hair growth.\nAn effective hair loss prevention technique is supplementing your diet with the vitamins and nutrients needed for healthy hair growth. Vitamin B6, vitamin E, biotin, amino acids and zinc are essential components for the continual stimulation of the hair follicles. Being able to acquire a daily recommended dosage of these vitamins and nutrients will help you correct any hormonal imbalance that could potentially damage your hair. And since heredity is one of the leading causes of hair loss, balancing your hormones would also ensure that your descendants won't have to suffer the curse of Alopecia.\nTreating Hair Loss - Our culture is often quiet on the subject of female hair loss as there are so many jokes and commercials about baldness among man. Moreover, female hair loss is not a social acceptable condition as like that of men. One out of every five females is having thinning hair, but none of them knows the subject of female hair loss.\nThese are simple steps for hair loss prevention, but they would require some commitment from you. To keep yourself motivated, always remember the fact that no one is spared from the potential of hair loss. Doing something about it today will ensure that your hair will always remain on top, figuratively and literally speaking.\nThen more and more of your closest friends notice how your hair is getting thinner. The best hair loss remedies, however, aren't those which you could purchase over the counter. We're talking about natural hair loss remedies that you could employ yourself, wherever you may be, whatever time of the day you wish to observe the same.\nHair loss is primarily caused by one or all of these three factors.\nThere is a fourth one, that is, hair loss as a consequence of another ailment or disease. For example, hair loss caused by heredity can be remedied through an intake of vitamins A, B6 and E, as well as nutrients such as zinc, biotin and some amino acids can help.\nIf you're losing your hair because of stress, on the other hand, then giving yourself some time to rest and relax would be the best among the hair loss remedies available to you. Neglect is the easiest to remedy. All you need is to muster enough commitment to employ proper care for your hair. Avoid overexposure under direct sunlight. Keep your hair and scalp moisturized so that they may be fed with the proper pH level that they need to say healthy. Hair loss does not have to be expensive if you look into natural solutions before it becomes a problem. With proper research you can avoid hair loss well in advance.\nDean Shainin is a well known writer. For hair loss prevention, effective hair loss remedies, current news and information on hair loss, visit his site at: Hair Loss Prevention\nHair Loss in Men; Myths and Truths\nHair Loss: one of the most confounding conditions men and women have ever struggled with. People consider their hair as kings consider their crown; an important part of one's identity, an important part of one's self. Hair and hair loss are often considered as indicators of one's youth. People tend to assume that hair loss only occurs to old individuals and though untrue they also often equate hair loss with aging. That is why people are always appalled whenever faced with the possibility of hair loss. Hence we often do whatever they can and believe whatever we hear just to make sure that we get to keep that precious hair of ours as thick and as healthy as can be.\nNow, Myth Number One: We often see TV personalities and even some doctors say that stress makes your hair fall out! Although it is unclear whether stress coming from severe life events can cause alopecia, there are case reports indicating that this may be so. It is however very rare and frequently no cause can be found for severe and rapid developing alopecia. Patients who have suffered hair loss following a stressful event may still benefit from specific treatment to assist in hair re-growth.\nMyth Number Two: We often hear that bad blood circulation starves the hair follicles which make them fall out. Although patients with poor blood circulation do not appear to be more likely to suffer from alopecia, tight fitting hats and wigs may cause hair loss in a very small minority of people. The mechanism is still unclear but if it occurs, this may be due to the impairment of blood flow in the scalp. That is why extreme care should be taken by alopecia sufferers who wear these garments on their heads.\nMyth Number Three: when your hair is dirty it damages the hair and it falls out! Just not true! The worst thing it may do is irritate your scalp and make your hair smell. How many times at school did you have dirty hair and get away with not washing it for a couple of days? Did you lose hair then? Of course not. Myth Number Four: Shaving one's head will cause the hair to grow back thicker. This is just not true. In fact, if you are suffering from androgenic alopecia, this will actually severely quicken your hair loss.\nMyth Number Five: Dandruff causes permanent hair loss. This is simply not true. Dandruff is a condition of the scalp, not the hair. Dandruff occurs because of the excessive shedding of cells on your scalp skin. For dandruff sufferers, the natural process of scalp-cell renewal is accelerated when fighting off P. ovale, a normal fungus found on every human head.\nNow what really causes androgenic alopecia or hair loss in men?\nNow there are the DHT and the Androgen Receptors. Testosterone is an androgen hormone which is essential for the healthy development of the body and the maintenance of the secondary sexual differences we see between men and women. Testosterone is converted by an enzyme (namely, 5-alpha reductase) to form dihytestosterone or what we know as DHT. This conversion occurs in the peripheral tissues around the body and results in higher levels of DHT in the scalp and in the blood. Although the mechanisms are not quite clear, scientists believe that DHT is plays a major part in the development of androgenetic alopecia.\nFrom puberty onwards, androgens interact with the genetically determined androgen-sensitive hair follicles, resulting in a sequence of events. This process includes gradual miniaturisation of the hair follicles, alteration of the hair growth cycle and eventually results in small thin hair follicles - hence, the patient will experience thinning and loss of hair. To alter the process and redress the balance of hair loss, products that inhibit DHT production, or interfere with the binding of the DHT, along with products that promote hair growth can be used.\nWhen we have the situation detailed above our bodies react by considering these hair follicles as foreign objects that need to be dealt with! This is an auto-immune response. The body then rejects these hair follicles and this exacerbates the situation. Symptoms include itching scalp, tingling and inflammation of the scalp. You should consider the use of a shampoo that treats this irrespective of the hair loss solution you choose.\nHair loss in men or androgenic alopecia can be lessened and reduced, even stopped. All you need to do is know the right information about alopecia and do the right things to combat hair loss. There are lots of hair loss treatment medicines available out there; all you need to do is to know which one is the right one for you, depending on the extent of the hair loss. Remember, that the longer you wait to treat your hair loss, the harder it will be to achieve good results. So if you want to win this hair loss battle, stand up and do it now! The quicker you take action the easier it's going to get.\nIncreasingly, people are turning to natural hair loss remedies as they seek to combat thinning hair. This has an obvious appeal for many sufferers and there is growing evidence to support the view that some natural remedies may be effective in curtailing hair loss. The most popular ingredients of natural hair loss treatments include ginko biloba, green tea, he shou wu, pygeum, saw palmetto and stinging nettle.\nThe big question however is, do natural hair loss treatments work? Firstly, hair growth at root level is a living part of the body that depends on sound nutrition, just like any other part of the body. The importance of vitamins, minerals and other nutritional elements in maintaining healthy hair cannot be disputed.\nSecondly, the role of herbs and plants in treating numerous ailments is receiving increased recognition after years of neglect, and hair loss is no exception. Many herbal remedies for both internal and external use are offering new hope to people suffering from premature hair loss. Thirdly, traditional hair loss remedies may still have something to offer. Some of the more acceptable traditional approaches are now being incorporated into many potential treatment regimes.\nLet's examine some simple, natural and traditional hair loss treatments;\nRosemary Solution - this herb crops up frequently in herbal texts for its ability to cleanse the scalp and stimulate the hair root. Here is one recipe that features rosemary as its core ingredient. Recipe: boil rosemary, sage, peach leaf, nettle and burdock in water. Strain and use to wash hair daily.\nApple Cider Vinegar - this is mentioned often in folk remedies for hair loss. You can find apple cider vinegar from most health food stores. It is believed to exert a normalizing effect on the scalp's oil glands and has a strong cleansing effect. Method: Part hair into sections. Apply two tablespoons of apple cider vinegar directly to the scalp with a moistened cotton ball. Allow between fifteen minutes and three hours before shampooing.\nEssential Oils - essential oils distilled from plants have long been recognized for their ability to improve scalp circulation and encourage cell generation. Amongst the most useful are cedarwood, clary sage, eucalyptus, lavender and rosemary. Method: mix ten drops of essential oil with one ounce of carrier oil. Massage it into the scalp for a minimum of fifteen minutes before shampooing. Cayenne Pepper Hair Tonic - the ability of this herb to irritate the skin, increase blood flow and stimulate cell division is well known. Recipe: mix four ounces of cayenne pepper with one pint of one hundred proof vodka or pure alcohol diluted with 20 percent distilled water. Let it stand for two weeks, shaking the mixture once each day. Strain through several layers of fine cloth until the mixture is free of pepper. Once or twice a day, rub a small amount onto the thinning areas of the scalp.\nDerek Pliers is a freelance journalist and a contributor to Best hair loss treatments.com\nHair Loss Problems and Best Hair Care Home Remedies!\nOur eating habits greatly affect our skin and hair. Hair loss is one such problem that is greatly associated with dietary deficiency. When our hair is shiny and bouncy, we can be sure that our body is in good condition while when our hair looks dull and lifeless, it reflects an overall state of ill health. This is because our hair receives nutrition from the blood stream and grows on the nourishment it receives. Hair growth is also adversely affected by hormones, drugs and waste material. Lets now discuss some frequently asked questions on hair care and hair loss.\nQ) What are the nutrients that affect our hair?\nDietary needs vary for proper hair growth. Stress deprives us of a lot of nutrients, especially magnesium. Tobacco neutralizes vitamin C and other anti-radical vitamins. Alcohol interferes with the absorption of vitamin B.\n. Our hair is primarily made up of proteins. Thus, a primary necessity for good looking hair is adequate protein intake.\n. Fat helps in making the hair look lustrous as linoleic acid stimulates the sebaceous gland. Sebum secreted from the sebaceous glands gives hair its shine.\n. Vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids and essential amino acids are necessary for harmonious cell balance. Therefore, they affect the cells responsible for hair growth.\n. Vitamin E and C or beta-carotene, specifically act as anti-oxidants, protecting our hair from free radicals. they help our hair to stand up to pollution, chemicals, cold, sun, stress and medication.\nQ) What should we eat to have great looking hair?\nA balanced diet is required for healthy hair. This should consist of:\n. 55% carbohydrates, especially those of slow assimilation (e.g. pasta, rice, potatoes).\n. 30% Lipids, half of which should be mono saturates like olive oil, a quarter should be poly saturates like groundnut oil and sunflower oil and another quarter of saturates like butter, cream, cheese, animal fat etc.\n. 15% proteins (found in cereals)\n. Fruits and vegetables should represent in volume, half of your foodstuff.\n<u>Feed your hair well: Hair Loss due to nutritional deficiency is known as Loose Anagen Syndrome.\nHair fall is common when one does not eat right and besides hair loss, one might find hair with white tip at its head. Falling of hair along with the white tip shows that the root is not strong enough to hold the hair in hair follicle. Dieting is a major reason for hair loss in young women.</u>\nQ) My hair becomes rough and unmanageable in summer. Is it because I shampoo it too much?\nWavy hair has a tendency of becoming frizzy in summer due to humidity. Use mild frequent-use shampoos and frizz control products and conditioner.\nSummer Natural Skin Care : Best Home Remedies and Products at http://www.weightloss-health.com/fruits_summer.htm\nQ) I have extremely dry and rough hair. How do i make it soft? After every wash, i have to oil it.\nFirst and the most important advice, have a hot oil treatment twice a week. If possible, apply heena, mixing it with 4 tea-spoons of lemon juice and coffee, 2 eggs and enough yoghurt, as well as 2 tea-spoons oil. This will nourish your hair and hence softens it. After shampoo, you should use a conditioner. You can also use a hair gloss. Apply tiny amounts on the palms and then smoothen over hair and leave it on. This will not only keep your hair in place but also make it look less dry.\nQ) I have dandruff since many years. I have used many anti-dandruff shampoos, but nothing has worked. How can i get rid of dandruff permanently?\nYou should use a mild shampoo, twice a week, heat pure coconut oil and apply on the scalp at night. Next morning, apply the juice of lemon and wash your hair after half an hour. Rinse thoroughly with water. Wash your hair three or four times a week, using less shampoo, but rinsing well with water. Have weekly henna treatments. Add 4 tsps each of lemon juice and coffee, 2 raw eggs and enough curd to the henna powder, mixing it into a thick paste. Apply on the hair and wash off after an hour. If you do not wish to use egg, add more curd.\nAshley Green: for http://weightloss-health.com/ your complete and most comprehensive family guide on Health.\nLook out for more hair loss home remedies and products, visit us at Best Hair Loss Home Remedies\nA common problem\nAs it happens, we do not even notice when out hair starts to fall out and recede. Surprisingly, we lose and average of fifty to one hundred hairs daily. That is a lot but with recent scientific studies they have found many new hair loss solutions. There are three main ways to save your hair and as you read this article you will better understand everything you need to know about hair loss and how to prevent it.\nAt the end of this phase, the hair falls out and is replaced by a new hair. This is all a perfectly normal part of the growth cycle. In fact, on a typical day, up to 150 hairs can be lost. Baldness occurs when hair is lost at an unusually high rate and hair replacement occurs at an unusually slow rate and/or when normal hairs are replaced by weaker, smaller ones.\nWhat is Hair Loss?\nWhat is hair loss? Well this is the point in time when your hair starts to shed. This will gradually start to daily. You lose hair but it is not noticeable at first unless you have long hair. The main reason that scientist think hair loss occurs is because your scalp needs to absorb more nutrients and some of your hair will need to move out of the way for it to do that. The other reason would be because your hair may start to die out, new hair is made to come in and replace it.\nPreventing Hair Loss\nOne way to prevent hair loss would be to let nature do its job. Instead of using all that high-tech equipment and all those medicines and creams, you can allow your hair to grow naturally. By treating your hair right from the start your chances of keeping it in place rise dramatically. Who needs those fancy hair loss solutions?\nSpeak to your doctor\nSpeaking to your doctor or physician about what types of creams and pills or other hair loss solutions they recommend you use is a good idea. Since all of these items have been made for you to use for your hair, you can go out and buy them right?\nWrong, even though your hair may grow back you may pick up different sicknesses from these items. In order for your hair to successfully grow back the pills or creams interfere with your hair growing hormones. If they possibly interfere with any other hormones, then you are in very big trouble.\nThe other way to help with hair loss is to go in for laser treatment. The way this works is that the laser technician will remove hair from areas where there is a lot of it. The bad thing about this is that they only have the ability to take out two to four hairs at a time. After the hair is removed, the insertion of it into your scalp begins. That has got to hurt! Using needles to insert the hair is very time consuming and painful; good thing you are knocked out!\nThese kinds of hair loss solutions cost a lot of money and can even be harmful. The rays of the laser are very strong and could damage your skin so you may want to research other hair loss solutions first. Now that you have learned about hair loss and different hair loss solutions you will hopefully make the right decision on how to restore your hair to its former glory. The saying \"beauty takes pain\" has come to a whole new level! Are you a man or a worrying about Hair Loss? Are you a woman or a worrying about Hair Loss? Stop worrying and visit http://www.hair-loss-answers-here.com to find the answers that you need.\nAre you a man or a worrying about Hair Loss? Are you a woman or a worrying about Hair Loss? Stop worrying and visit http://www.hair-loss-answers-here.com to find the answers that you need.\nLooking for more info on Hair Loss??? See Our Related Articles:\nExcessive Hair Loss - There are many studies that have shown that seems to be logical reason behind male hair loss. Often it has been stated that this type of male pattern balding is genetically passed on. Male pattern ALOPECIA is often characterized by a receding hairline and or hair loss on the top of the head.\nFacing Hair Problems - Hair loss is a very sad occurrence that is experienced by people both young and old. It has been a cause of great distress for people, mostly men, not only because it greatly affects one's appearance negatively but also because it could be an indication of some health problem lying underneath.\nFemale Hair Loss - Going bald is something that no one wants to deal with. There are however, a lot of adults that do have to face this problem at some point in time. There may even be a few teens that have to face premature hair loss.\nGenetic Hair Loss - Hair loss creates baldness. A bald person looks older than his real age. This abnormal hair loss is technically called alopecia. It does not affect our health directly but indirectly it creates problems, such as low self esteem.\nHair Care Readings - Think yourself - there are so many hair loss products on the market, which promise onehundred percent cure for hair loss. But still people are buying different hair loss products and more over most of them are still having hair loss problems.\nHair Loss Articles - A great many people suffer from hair loss problems during their lives, and suffering from thinning hair - particularly at an earlier age - can prove very stressful and traumatic. We often associate hair loss with old age, but the truth is that there are many causes of this problem and it can affect anyone and at any age.\nMany Hair Loss - Every human being on the planet wants to make sure that they look their best when attending a party or going out somewhere. This is natural and to some extent look the best possible is subconsciously aimed at attracting or getting noticed by the opposite sex.\nMedications Hair Loss - You have probably asked yourself time and time again, what is the best hair loss product available? That question was asked on a Google answers site, and the experts answer? They stated that there is no answer to that question.\nMore Hair Care - Before solving a problem one must understand the problem. Hair loss is the most common medical problem. Millions of people all over the world are struggling in the endless battle to stop their hair loss.\nMost Common Cause - The ordinary kind of hair loss, called hereditary hair loss, can affect both men and women, but women are usually affected less than men. The condition is so common that it nearly can be regarded as a part of the normal aging process.\nWeight Loss Plan - As we all know, overweight can lead to a series of health issues such as cardiac problems, diabetes, sleep apnea and hypertension. The only way out of all these troubles is to shed those extra pounds around your waist by embracing some effective lose weight diets programs and a disciplined food habit since then.\nCorrective Eye Surgery - As with any surgery, LASIK has a few complications. Scientific studies conducted in the late 1990s depicted that a meager 5% of LASIK eye surgeries resulted in some sort of complication.\nMore coming soon!\nNew Articles - Just Added\nWomen Against Suicide - Depression is a serious but treatable medical condition - a brain disease - that can strike anyone, including men. In America alone, over 6 million men have depression each year.\nLose Weight Automatically - In 1993, Dr. Dean Ornish came out with a book entitled Eat More, Weigh Less. The primary focus of the book was to urge people to boost their consumption of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables while decreasing their consumption of fat.\nNewest Articles from the Health Tips Blog\nCure Help Health Tips\nNewest Articles from the Hulda Clark Information Blog - zappers, detox, liver and kidney cleanses and more!\nCure Help Featured Article Topics\nAcid Reflux - articles, tips, advice, opinions and information about Acid Reflux\nAllergies - Allergies can be cured in many cases!\nAnti-Aging - Anti aging health tips!\nArthritis - Arthritis cures and suggestions on how to reduce pain\nBed Wetting - Bed Wetting can be cured fast with the right approach\nCancer - Cancer is a major concern as our world gets more polluted\nCholesterol - Cholesterol is an important health concern\nDepression - Depression cures can improve your state of mind\nDiabetes - Diabetes may not be cured, but there are many tips to make life better!\nHair Loss - Hair Loss is a major concern for both men and women\nLasik Surgery - Lasik Surgery is an increasingly popular option to cure eye problems\nNatural Cures - There ar emany natural cures to improve health and ailments\nNutrition - What you need to know about Nutrition and your health\nPlastic Surgery - Plastic Surgery is an option to change your appearance\nSkin Care - Skin Care is a major concern for children, men and women\nVitamins, Herbs & Supplements - Health tips about Vitamins, Herbs and Supplements\nStop Smoking Cigarettes - Tips for stopping cigarette smoking... yuck!\nTeeth Whitening - all about dental methods and teeth whitening\nWeight Loss - articles about losing weight and improving your body image.\nRecent Health Articles from the Web\nKeep healthy with Cure Health Articles 378&start=7\nLooking for something specific? We're proud to offer Google Search for both the web AND so you can find content on our web site! Simply type in a few words and select web or our site and we'll help you find exactly what you are looking for! Happy hunting!\nNew! Just added to Cure Help Health Tips!\nSkin Care Issues - More and more people are turning to natural skin care products to enrich and beautify their bodies. There are over 5000 chemicals that can be found in creams, moisturizers and other commercial brands.\nCure Help Legal Disclaimer: Hair Loss articles, news, tips and information presented as a public service. Cure Help offers information for entertainment and educational purposes. None of the viewpoints or tips and suggestions presented in the articles are endorsed by Cure Help. Please consult a health care practitioner (your doctor) before applying any health tips, advice or suggestions for possible cures. We care about your health! Be smart and get several opinions before you implement any changes in your life! Please consult the FDA Compliancy Policy Guide for information on drugs and standards.\nNew Cure Help Health Tips Articles - Just Added!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Laura Polizoti, a family intervention specialist at Youth Villages talking with “Haley”\nPhoto credit: Youth Villages\nA recent story produced by NPR’s health reporting partnership with Boston’s WBUR and Kaiser Health News examined the youth boarding crisis at hospital Emergency Departments (EDs) in Massachusetts and nationwide, highlighting an innovative approach called ED diversion that could be a model for other states. Youth Villages, recipient of a 2022 Activation Fund grant from The Health Foundation of Central Massachusetts, is one of four agencies contracted by the state to offer related services, such as intensive in-home counseling and support, as an alternative to inpatient psychiatric treatment.\nTo gain deeper insight on the topic of “ED boarding,” WBUR’s Martha Bebinger joined Youth Villages staff for visits with teens and their families who have experienced the life-saving impact of the program first-hand.\nED boarding occurs when individuals go to a hospital ED in a mental health crisis and experience waiting periods of days or weeks before being admitted in a psychiatric unit due to a lack of available beds. According to a report by the Massachusetts Health and Hospital Association, the problem has been growing in Massachusetts and across the country for years and has been exacerbated by the effects of the pandemic and increased need for behavioral health services. As many as 247 children and teens were boarding in Massachusetts EDs as of March 2022. Numbers have decreased since then, and early results indicate that ED diversion programs like the one operated by Youth Villages are working— keeping youth safe while helping families avoid costly inpatient treatment and providing relief for overburdened hospital staff.\nThe Youth Villages model, Intercept for ED Diversion, was adapted from a well-established program for foster children that has undergone rigorous evaluation at the University of Chicago, validating the clinical model and evaluation methods. It involves a partnership with hospitals for referrals followed by development of a personalized treatment plan, which could include outpatient treatment, intensive in-home support for a minimum of 90 days, including 24/7 crisis response, and connection to other community resources as needed. The program began in 2021 as a pilot project with one hospital in the southeast region of Massachusetts, and has grown to serve youth statewide through 22 hospitals in less than two years.\nIn September 2022, the Foundation awarded Youth Villages an Activation Fund grant of $68,000 for upfront costs associated with hiring and training staff to expand the capacity of its Intercept for ED Diversion program in Central Massachusetts. The organization reports that this funding has enabled it to double the number of youth served through the program in Worcester County on a daily basis. This year, Youth Villages was among 11 organizations selected by the Office of the Attorney General to receive grants totaling $2.9 million for mental health diversionary services.\n“We are incredibly proud of the success this program has seen and are hopeful for sustained funding that will help us provide children and families with the treatment they need in their own homes. The program not only helps change families’ course of involvement with the behavioral health system by avoiding unnecessary out of home placements, but also realizes cost savings to the system overall. We want to help as many children and families in Massachusetts as possible,” said Matt Stone, Executive Director of Youth Villages Massachusetts and New Hampshire.\n“This grant to Youth Villages is an excellent example of the type of support the Activation Fund is designed to offer, which is to help an organization increase its capacity to improve health in a way that can be sustained over time,” said Dr. Amie Shei, President and CEO of the Foundation. “The Foundation is pleased to be able to support this innovative program which is having a direct impact on youth and families in Central Massachusetts.”\nNow accepting applications for the 2023 grant cycle, the Activation Fund provides support for discrete projects aimed to help community organizations build capacity and/or enhance effectiveness. While the Foundation defines health broadly and does not name priority issues, it has a long history of investing in mental and behavioral health given the great need, and it has provided more than $6.9 million in grants to organizations working to address mental health needs in children and adults since 2000.\nFor more information on the Activation Fund and past grants, please click here.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Do you experience Anxiety? Do you spend time thinking What If this happens or What If that happens? Do you find your anxiety gets in the way of making decisions or moving forward?\nAnxiety can sometimes lead to feeling isolated which can itself lead to actual isolation.\nTalking with a therapist about your anxiety, what it is like to be anxious and how your experience can get in your way can be the beginnings of a less anxious life.\nIn therapy you get clearer about your anxiety, what the triggers are, what the affects are. We will explore how you talk to yourself which can impact your self esteem and bring on anxiety.\nAs you get to know more about your anxiety so you will earn ways of interrupting the critical part of you and improve your self esteem.\nIf you are willing and wanting to explore your anxiety then therapy can help you.\nIs anxiety just worry?\nAnxiety is relentless worry and fear. It is when worry and fear come together and really get in our way.\nA degree of fear can be helpful. It can keep us safe. It can keep us from crossing a road in front of moving cars, it can keep us from putting our hand in a flame.\nWorry too can be information, it can be our gut feeling telling us something isn’t right for us.\nSo, we can use fear and worry to our benefit.\nThen there is anxiety which has a different quality to it. It is intense worry and fear, it can lead to panic and feeling that we can’t breath which can intensify the fear and so on.\nAnxiety is real. Anxiety can be debilitating. Anxiety can be crazy making. Anxiety can leave us feeling ashamed. Anxiety can keep us stuck. Anxiety can get in our way of taking a new or next step.\nWhilst you may be feeling anxiety now, it may be related to past experiences. You can hear the conversation “everything is fine now, I have what I want in life so why do I feel so anxious?” There is a clue to the anxiety you are feeling being born of an earlier experience.\nWhatever the origin, be it past or current, if you want to manage your experience differently and feel less anxious and more satisfied then therapy can help.\nIf I sit in a room talking about my anxiety that will make me feel more anxious so what’s the point?\nIn my experience, this expectation keeps us away from talking about our anxiety.\nYou may feel anxious talking about your anxiety and you may feel some relief being heard. It is the beginning of the process.\nMany people feel ashamed of feeling anxious so suffer in silence and avoid acknowledging it. An antidote to shame is talking, an antidote to anxiety is talking too.\nIt isn’t easy sharing our silences but it isn’t easy living with anxiety either so give yourself a choice.\nWhat difference could therapy make?\nTherapy can teach you ways to manage your anxiety by bringing you back to the hear and the now.\nAnxiety is fearing loss of control and therapy can help you get to know what you are in control of and what you aren’t.\nYou can get clearer about what the triggers and and what the fear is. Often the fears become so big that we lose the sense of ourselves and our own resources.\nYou can learn how to use your own resources to support you in your anxiety and to then minimize your anxiety.\nYou can be in charge of your anxiety rather than it be in charge of you.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Purchase one-time access:Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access\nOne-time access price info\n- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'\n- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'\n- Historical record-setting trends in IUD use in the United States.Contraception. 2018; 98 (Dec): 467-470https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2018.05.016\n- Trends in oral contraceptive and intrauterine device use among reproductive-aged women in the US from 1999 to 2017.Cancer Causes Control. 2021; 32: 587-595https://doi.org/10.1007/S10552-021-01410-8\nSternman J, Brauer A, Nejman A. As reports of IUD breakages piled up, maker changed label but many women still unaware. https://abcnews4.com/news/nation-world/as-reports-of-iud-breakage-piled-up-maker-changed-label-but-many-women-still-unaware. [accessed 14 January 2022].\n- The duration of use, causes of discontinuation, and problems during removal in women admitted for removal of IUD.Contraception. 2005; 71: 149-152https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2004.08.015\n- Controversies in family planning: how to manage a fractured IUD.Contraception. 2013; 88: 599https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2013.07.007\n- Fractured copper intrauterine device (IUD) retained in the uterine wall leading to hysterectomy: a case report.Case Rep Womens Health. 2021; 29: e00287https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crwh.2021.e00287\n- Etonogestrel implant migration to the vasculature, chest wall, and distant body sites: cases from a pharmacovigilance database.Contraception. 2017; 96 (2017): 439-445https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2017.08.009\nFood and Drug Administration. FDA AEs reporting system (FAERS) public dashboard. https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Surveillance/AdverseDrugEffects/ucm070093.htm. accessed Feb 20, 2022\n- Benefits and strengths of the disproportionality analysis for identification of adverse drug reactions in a pharmacovigilance database.Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2011; 72 (2011): 905https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04037.x\nNational Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). 2017-2019 National Survey of Family Growth Public-Use Data and Documentation. Hyattsville, MD: CDC National Center for Health Statistics. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/index.htm. accessed Oct 10, 2022.\n- Under-reporting of adverse drug reactions: a systematic review.Drug Saf. 2006; 29: 385-396https://doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200629050-00003\n☆Publication disclosure: This manuscript and its abstract have never been published in any peer-reviewed journal.\n☆☆Conflicts of interest: None of the authors have financial conflicts of interest related to this research.\n☆☆☆Funding: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Can A Male Take Diflucan\nGet Relief From High Prescription Costs For As Little As Net Cost Per Month..Reduce your meat and sugar intake to aid the meds to kill it off A yeast infection of the penis is called candidal (or candida) balanitis, or balanitis thrush.Some reported side effects are more serious, happening in less than 1 in 100 people.Learn more about Fluconazole (Diflucan) at.Let me know if you need me to post some up for you.Nullam et orci in erat viverra ornare Stacie Dusetzina, a drug procurement system can you take macrobid and diflucan together.Ensure Your Pet Is Happy And Healthy And Enjoy Savings On Pet Medications.MISC ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS/ASTEMIZOLE.Save 30-90% Compared to Other Pharmacies!If you experience one or more of these side effects, you must call a doctor immediately.Doses up to 400 mg/day may be used, based on medical judgment of the patient's response to therapy.Vivamus sagittis bibendum erat.In the past, such as a Zika virus transmission in two areas of Miami-Dade County: (1) a one-square-mile area in the context of this series is to avoid exposure to Zika virus.Medication Ms - Quick And Easily Found At SlyToday!It's also known as Candida balanitis.Nullam et orci in erat viverra ornare These could be MetroGel, Flagyl, or Clindamycin.My doctor prescribed two pills of Diflucan can a male take diflucan at that time in case one wasn’t enough.My doctor prescribed two pills of Diflucan at that time in case one wasn’t enough.Treatment typically includes an antifungal cream And never EVER with alcohol!Vitamins, Personal Care and More..These side effects are common and of can a male take diflucan no concern.The second dose simply adds a little more antifungal power to treat a stubborn infection Medication Ms - Quick And Easily Found At SlyToday!\nBuy diflucan online canada, diflucan take a can male\n1 Answer Candida yeast infection of abdominal cavity lining.Vitamins, Personal Care and More..Until further studies are performed, a fluconazole 200-mg loading dose followed by 100 mg/d for at least four days appears to be the most appropriate dose for.Compare local prices for your prescription & save instantly with a free coupon.Get Relief From High Prescription Costs For As Little As Net Cost Per Month..Compare local prices for your prescription & save instantly with a free coupon.Adults—Doses of up to 400 milligrams (mg) per day All Drugs; Human Drugs; Animal Drugs.I'm on day 11 right now of taking Diflucan and I can't say its doing anything.Taking Diflucan anyway could induce a variety of allergies that could be more severe compared to the last time.*Diflucan is an anti-fungal prescription medication that can be used to treat tough cases of yeast infection in the body.If your symptoms don’t improve in 2 days, you should take the second dose of 150 mg fluconazole.Adults—Doses of up to 400 milligrams (mg) per day Fluconazole for fungal infections.Vivamus sagittis bibendum erat.Mild cases of yeast infection can last one to two weeks.Are there over the counter yeast infection treatments?But, tonight makes 48 hours since the first diflucan pill and still no relief Amazing old Amish Reflux Remedy Stops Acid Reflux in About 1-min.Diflucan Side Effects Diflucan (fluconazole) may not work very fast; and, in addition, it can cause some terrible side effects If a woman s biological sex men in used be diflucan can drive, still.I did a search on 'diflucan + men' and pulled a variety of websites regarding this info.The purpose it reoccurs is simply because it kills all the germs which requires care of the signs and.If you are suffering from yeast infection symptoms, you can book an appointment with one of our doctors today.This will help clear up the symptoms but in one third of females it will come back again.It is usually taken as a single 150 mg dose for vaginal thrush.A male yeast infection can a male take diflucan is a fungal infection caused by a yeast called Candida.In the past, such as a Zika can a male take diflucan virus transmission in two areas of Miami-Dade County: (1) a one-square-mile area in the context of this series is to avoid exposure to Zika virus.In particular, Diflucan tablets are taken to successfully treat genital and oral thrush, with symptoms.Get Relief From High Prescription Costs For As Little As Net Cost Per Month..See answer: If prescribed a male can take a medication, but an itch on the penis usually would not warrant taking 150mg Fluconazole tablet, which is most commonly rx’d for a vaginal yeast infection.When prescription medicines are stolen or can i take diflucan and clindamycin together used illegally, it is called drug diversion.If you experience one or more of these side effects, you must call a doctor immediately.Get Relief From High Prescription Costs For As Little As Net Cost Per Month..", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Medicine Overview of Numlotor Tablet\nNumlotor 2.5 mg/10 mg Tablet is used in the treatment of high blood pressure with high cholesterol.\nNausea, Stomach pain, Headache, Dizziness, Weakness, Edema, Constipation, Muscle pain, Increased glucose level in blood, Numbness of extremity, Flushing of skin, Decreased blood pressure, Increased liver enzymes.\nTake this medicine in the dose and duration as advised by your doctor. Swallow it as a whole. Do not chew, crush or break it. Numlotor 2.5 mg/10 mg Tablet may be taken with or without food, but it is better to take it at a fixed time.\nNumlotor 2.5 mg/10 mg Tablet is a combination of two medicines: Amlodipine and atorvastatin which treat high blood pressure associated with high cholesterol levels. Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker (CCB). It works by relaxing blood vessels which makes the heart more efficient at pumping blood throughout the body. Atorvastatin is a lipid-lowering medication which works by blocking an enzyme (HMG-CoA-reductase) that is required in the body to make cholesterol. It thus lowers \"bad\" cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides and raises \"good\" cholesterol (HDL). Together they reduce the risk of heart diseases.\nIn Depth Information on Numlotor Tablet\nNumlotor Tablet related warnings\nTaking Atorvastatin with alcohol may increase the risk of liver damage.\nNumlotor 2.5 mg/10 mg Tablet is highly unsafe to use during pregnancy.\nHuman and animal studies have shown significant adverse effects on the foetus. Please consult your doctor.\nNumlotor 2.5 mg/10 mg Tablet is probably safe to use during lactation.\nLimited human data suggests that the drug does not represent a significant risk to the baby.\nDo not drive unless you are feeling well.\nNumlotor 2.5 mg/10 mg Tablet may cause side effects such as dizziness, headaches, nausea or tiredness, all of which could affect your ability to concentrate and drive.\nNumlotor 2.5 mg/10 mg Tablet is safe to use in patients with kidney disease. No dose adjustment of Numlotor 2.5 mg/10 mg Tablet is recommended.\nHowever, inform your doctor if you have any underlying kidney disease.\nNumlotor 2.5 mg/10 mg Tablet should be used with caution in patients with liver disease. Dose adjustment of Numlotor 2.5 mg/10 mg Tablet may be needed. Please consult your doctor.\nUse of Numlotor 2.5 mg/10 mg Tablet is not recommended in patients with severe liver disease and active liver disease.\nOne of the following vendor pharmacies will deliver Numlotor 2.5 mg/10 mg Tablet: IPL, SAF, STA, NSL, TOM, PVP, ABP, SYN, DGN, SJP, GNC, BTM, MSD, RUS, SBA, SHP, HAT, UMP, EMB, PRN, BDN, PPR, SWA, ENP, BSN, RSA, RJH, DHR, MAM, OIP, MPC, RPP, TRP, MMS, SWP, SCH, ZEL, DDR, GPP, THP, AMR, RSS, OLT, GBL, AAY, BAL, SHD, NVL, DLP, WSI, PEN, BHP, HGI, HBV, SRG, 9T9, PWN, ARD, JMJ, NWP, MAX, CLT, SSA, MAK, MLC, PNT, DFP, AGT, ADT, RHL, RHW, RWP, DYG, GTC, MDO, EQN, DPL, ATP, SVH, MOM, NTB, OHM, HMP, NXG, PTI, NDP, NNH, PLT, AYU, TNH, GPT, AAR, WHL, JIV, ZVP, SGC, IAD, BIO, SDM, VRS, HPC, BBS, OWP, ANT, KHH, RKS, DPP, HIP, INC, HEX, ATL, AVN, NVY, SBL, JVO, FGH, BMJ, USF, LCC, SAT, GTK, LHA, JVN", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "As the TV commercial opens, a mature couple, holding hands and looking lovingly at each other, are walking in a woodland. They are smiling as the voiceover talks about the medication, adalimumab (Humira), that the woman is taking to manage her rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The commercial is factual, even to the point of including the serpentine list of side effects as it fades to closing.\nYes, the medication may work if the woman faithfully continues with her regimen as directed and for long as is necessary. But will she?\nA year ago, a study that looked at the large database Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America (CORRONA) found that among patients with RA who were treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) inhibitors, 68.2% stayed the course at six months but only 52.2% did so at two years. In other words, more than half of RA patients had stopped taking their biologic medications within two years.\nStatistics on nonadherence to biologics are hard to come by. IMS Health says that responsible use of these medications could eliminate at least $213 billion in avoidable costs each year — totaling nearly 8% of the nation’s health care spending that could be avoided.\nThe World Health Organization suggests that less than 50% of patients with chronic illness take their therapies as prescribed, and up to 30% of prescriptions in the United States are never filled. And AARP cautions that spending on expensive biologic drugs is growing more than 10 times faster than spending on traditionally developed small-molecule drugs.\nNonadherence as defined for oral medications means, among other things, failing to fill or pick up a prescription at the pharmacy and failure to continue the medication as prescribed. For a biologic like trastuzumab (Herceptin), it can also refer to a patient not showing up for an infusion.\n“Biologics can go on for a long time,” says Rebecca Bechhold, MD, a practicing medical oncologist at Bethesda North Hospital and Christ Hospital, in Cincinnati. “I have had patients on Herceptin for seven or eight years. But then the patient is feeling better or is tired of the regimen — the time [required] to visit the physician and get the medication — and so when the patient feels well, she says ‘I don’t need this medication.’”\n“Many patients do not have enough money for a lengthy regimen, and having to take a biologic for several years simply adds up to too much cost,” says Rebecca Bechhold, MD, a practicing oncologist.\nThat scenario also holds true for other biologic treatments for chronic diseases — like adalimumab for RA, Crohn’s, or psoriasis — that continue over several years. A recent study by Pengxiang Li and colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania examined adherence to RA biologics among Medicaid enrollees in three large state Medicaid programs whose combined enrollment represents about one third of the total Medicaid enrollment in the U.S. The findings showed that enrollees not only discontinued therapy prematurely, but also chose not to switch to another RA biologic.\nRole of self-discipline\nSelf-management, or some say self-discipline, plays a major role. Patients tend to dislike or fear self-injection or an infusion. Often they do not fully understand the root causes or seriousness of their disease and when they begin to feel better, think they can stop their regimen. And although cancer patients have a relatively higher rate of adherence to medication — about 62% by some counts — they too will abandon their regimen when they feel better.\nSuccess sometimes backfires\nMany patients cannot find the time to follow their regimens for various reasons, and for older patients, the effort to go to a physician’s office or health center for injection or infusion can be daunting. But for many patients, as Bechhold remarks, improvement in a patient’s condition is a deterrent to adherence. Several studies have attested to patents dropping their medication regimen when they begin to see positive results, but also when they experience uncomfortable side effects.\n“Cost, too, is definitely a factor,” says Bechhold. “Many patients do not have enough money for a lengthy regimen, and having to take a biologic for several years simply adds up to too much cost.”\nPatients taking a biologic for a chronic disease face issues with health plans, which have prior authorization or step therapy requirements and higher copayments and coinsurance costs.\nOn the other hand, as is the case with the oral medications, there is no strong evidence that simply reducing the cost of a treatment regimen would lead to better patient adherence.\nAre patients being educated about their illness and the treatment regimen? “Absolutely,” says Bechhold. A nurse in Bechhold’s office calls each patient to remind that treatment is due or to follow up on treatment taken. These efforts work up to a point, says Bechhold, because a reminder is not going to get the patient over to the physician’s office or to a local clinic or health center for injection or infusion services or for a follow-up on the patient’s progress.\nIndeed, the onus often is put on the physician for nonadherence. Physicians counter that they do what they can with the time they have to spend with each patient and use nurse resources to assist, but they cannot force patients to comply with their regimen.\nHealth plans have put in place various patient-contact programs that make use of online and mail services to remind patients of their medical appointments or to simply jog the patient to take their prescribed medication, but these are mainly for the oral meds.\nThey also have been experimenting with discount programs for those patients who adhere to their regimens and engage in healthy lifestyle activities, but these programs have not as yet been applied to patients taking injections or infusions.\nIs social media an answer? IMS, in January, issued the results of a study — “Engaging Patients Through Social Media” — that found that among the top 50 pharma companies, half participate in social media on Facebook, Twitter, or YouTube, but only 10 of those companies use all three for health care topics.\nAnd there is no solid evidence, yet, that social media have abetted adherence to oral medications, let alone a biologic regimen. Medical monitoring devices are touted as a way of getting patients to adhere, but Bechhold doubts this would work for patients on cancer biologics, as an example: “It’s like wearing a pedometer — it won’t work if the patient doesn’t wear it.”\nHealth care reform and the changing medical system landscape will most likely push for better medication adherence as a way to control and even drive down costs. In a white paper, “The Evolution of Patient Adherence Programs,” Frost and Sullivan, the consulting company, points out that significant evidence is now emerging for the value that patient adherence programs can have on a product’s bottom line. The paper describes a program that calls for financial incentives to gain loyalty for a “true patient-specific relationship marketing program.”\nHealth reform’s changes to the medical landscape may result in a push for better adherence as a way to control costs.\nOther efforts are also taking place, such as so-called intelligent diagnostics linked to patient monitoring facilities, an effort being tested for patients with diabetes. Payers are looking at various patient support programs to be implemented in satellite clinics where a nurse educator can work with patients to provide adherence guidance.\nPatients need help\n“The onus is squarely on the patient,” Bechhold says. It has been said that what patients want is lack of complexity; i.e. simple health regimens, convenience and, of course, low cost. The woman in the RA ad needs all the help she can get.\nPaul Lendner ist ein praktizierender Experte im Bereich Gesundheit, Medizin und Fitness. Er schreibt bereits seit über 5 Jahren für das Managed Care Mag. Mit seinen Artikeln, die einen einzigartigen Expertenstatus nachweisen, liefert er unseren Lesern nicht nur Mehrwert, sondern auch Hilfestellung bei ihren Problemen.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "State of the Region's Health Report 2002 - Focus on Asthma - Chapter Three\nAsthma Risk Factors and Triggers.\n- Risk factors for asthma include family history of asthma and atopy, and early exposure to dust mites, tobacco smoke and other airborne substances. Risk factors increase the likelihood asthma will develop.\n- Colds or infections, exercise, tobacco smoke, dust and pollen were the top five asthma triggers in a national study conducted in 1996-97.\nChapter Three - Asthma Risk Factors and Triggers (PDF file 87 KB)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Roxadustat for the treatment of anaemia in chronic kidney disease patients not on dialysis: a phase 3, randomised, open-label, active-controlled study (DOLOMITES)\nNephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 2021\nBACKGROUND Roxadustat, an orally administered hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, is being evaluated for treatment of anaemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS This randomised, open-label, active-controlled phase 3 study compared roxadustat versus darbepoetin alfa (DA) in non-dialysis-dependent (NDD) CKD patients with anaemia for ≤104 weeks. Doses were titrated to correct and maintain haemoglobin within 10.0-12.0 g/dL. The primary endpoint was haemoglobin response in the full analysis set (FAS), defined as haemoglobin ≥11.0 g/dL and haemoglobin change from baseline (CFB) ≥1.0 g/dL in patients with baseline haemoglobin >8.0 g/dL or CFB ≥2.0 g/dL in patients with baseline haemoglobin ≤8.0 g/dL during the first 24 weeks of treatment without rescue therapy (noninferiority margin, -15%). Key secondary endpoints included change in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), time to first intravenous iron use, change in mean arterial pressure (MAP), and time to hypertension occurrence. Adverse events were assessed. RESULTS Of 616 randomised patients (roxadustat, 323; DA, 293), 424 completed treatment (roxadustat, 215; DA, 209). Haemoglobin response with roxadustat was noninferior to DA (roxadustat: 256/286, 89.5% vs. DA: 213/273, 78.0%, difference 11.51%, 95% confidence interval, 5.66-17.36%). Roxadustat maintained haemoglobin for up to 2 years. Roxadustat was noninferior to DA for change in MAP and time to occurrence of hypertension and superior for change in LDL and time to first intravenous iron use. Safety profiles were comparable between groups. Findings suggest that there was no difference between groups regarding the composite endpoints major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and MACE + (MACE: 0.81 [0.52, 1.25], P = 0.339; MACE+: 0.90 [0.61, 1.32], P = 0.583). CONCLUSION Roxadustat is a viable option to treat anaemia in NDD CKD patients maintaining haemoglobin levels for up to 104 weeks.\nProlonged Blood Storage and Risk of Posttransfusion Acute Kidney Injury\nBACKGROUND Erythrocyte transfusions are independently associated with acute kidney injury. Kidney injury may be consequent to the progressive hematologic changes that develop during storage. This study therefore tested the hypothesis that prolonged erythrocyte storage increases posttransfusion acute kidney injury. METHODS The Informing Fresh versus Old Red Cell Management (INFORM) trial randomized 31,497 patients to receive either the freshest or oldest available matching erythrocyte units and showed comparable mortality with both. This a priori substudy compared the incidence of posttransfusion acute kidney injury in the randomized groups. Acute kidney injury was defined by the creatinine component of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. RESULTS The 14,461 patients included in this substudy received 40,077 erythrocyte units. For patients who received more than one unit, the mean age of the blood units was used as the exposure. The median of the mean age of blood units transfused per patient was 11 days [interquartile range, 8, 15] in the freshest available blood group and 23 days [interquartile range, 17, 30] in the oldest available blood group. In the primary analysis, posttransfusion acute kidney injury was observed in 688 of 4,777 (14.4%) patients given the freshest available blood and 1,487 of 9,684 (15.4%) patients given the oldest available blood, with an estimated relative risk (95% CI) of 0.94 (0.86 to 1.02; P = 0.132). The secondary analysis treated blood age as a continuous variable (defined as duration of storage in days), with an estimated relative risk (95% CI) of 1.00 (0.96 to 1.04; P = 0.978) for a 10-day increase in the mean age of erythrocyte units. CONCLUSIONS In a population of patients without severely impaired baseline renal function receiving fewer than 10 erythrocyte units, duration of blood storage had no effect on the incidence of posttransfusion acute kidney injury.\nHospitalized patients enrolled across four countries in the Informing Fresh versus Old Red Cell Management (INFORM) trial (n= 14,461).\nTransfusion with freshest available erythrocyte units (n= 4,777).\nTransfusion with oldest available erythrocyte units (n= 9,684).\nThe median of the mean age of blood units transfused per patient was 11 days in the freshest available blood group and 23 days in the oldest available blood group. In the primary analysis, post-transfusion acute kidney injury was observed in 688 of 4,777 (14.4%) patients given the freshest available blood and 1,487 of 9,684 (15.4%) patients given the oldest available blood, with an estimated relative risk of 0.94.\nEfficacy and safety of vadadustat compared with darbepoetin alfa in japanese anemic patients on hemodialysis: A phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study\nNephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 2021\nBACKGROUND Vadadustat is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor that stimulates erythropoiesis. METHODS The efficacy and safety of vadadustat, compared with darbepoetin alfa, was determined in a phase 3 double-blind study in Japanese anemic patients on hemodialysis. Patients receiving erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) were randomized and switched to either vadadustat or darbepoetin alfa for 52 weeks. Doses were adjusted to maintain a hemoglobin level of 10.0-12.0 g/dL. The primary endpoint was average hemoglobin level at weeks 20 and 24. RESULTS Of 323 randomized patients, 120 and 135 completed the 52-week treatment period in the vadadustat and darbepoetin alfa groups, respectively. The average hemoglobin levels at weeks 20 and 24 (least square mean [LSM] and 95% confidence interval [CI]) were 10.61 (10.45-10.76) and 10.65 (10.50-10.80) g/dL in the vadadustat and darbepoetin alfa groups, respectively, demonstrating vadadustat's non-inferiority to darbepoetin alfa (difference, -0.05 g/dL; 95% CI, -0.26-0.17). In both groups, the mean hemoglobin levels were maintained within the target range for 52 weeks. Furthermore, irrespective of patient backgrounds, the LSMs at week 52 were within the target range. The most common adverse events were nasopharyngitis, diarrhea, and shunt stenosis, which occurred at similar frequencies in both groups. No new safety concerns were identified. CONCLUSIONS Vadadustat was as well tolerated and effective as darbepoetin alfa in maintaining hemoglobin levels within the target range. The findings suggest that vadadustat can be an alternative to ESA in the management of anemia in Japanese hemodialysis patients receiving ESA (Clinical Trials.gov, NCT03439137).\nDaprodustat Compared with Epoetin Beta Pegol for Anemia in Japanese Patients Not on Dialysis: A 52-Week Randomized Open-Label Phase 3 Trial\nAmerican journal of nephrology. 2021;:1-10\nBACKGROUND Daprodustat is an oral agent that stimulates erythropoiesis by inhibiting the prolyl hydroxylases which mark hypoxia-inducible factor for degradation through hydroxylation. Its safety and efficacy (noninferiority) were assessed in this 52-week, open-label study. METHODS Japanese patients not on dialysis (ND) (N = 299) with anemia of CKD (stages G3, G4, and G5) with iron parameters of ferritin >100 ng/mL or transferrin saturation >20% at screening were randomized to daprodustat or epoetin beta pegol (continuous erythropoietin receptor activator [CERA], also known as methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta). After initiation of the study, the daprodustat starting dose for erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA)-naïve participants was revised, and daprodustat was started at 2 or 4 mg once daily depending on baseline hemoglobin. ESA users switched to daprodustat 4 mg once daily. CERA was started at 25 μg every 2 weeks for ESA-naïve patients and 25-250 μg every 4 weeks for ESA users based on previous ESA dose. In both treatment groups, dose was adjusted every 4 weeks based on hemoglobin level and changed according to a prespecified algorithm. The primary endpoint was mean hemoglobin level during weeks 40-52 in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. ESA-naïve patients who entered before the protocol amendment revising the daprodustat starting dose were excluded from the ITT population. RESULTS Mean hemoglobin levels during weeks 40-52 were 12.0 g/dL in the daprodustat group (n = 108; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.8-12.1) and 11.9 g/dL for CERA (n = 109; 95% CI 11.7-12.0); the difference between the groups was 0.1 g/dL (95% CI -0.1 to 0.3 g/dL). The lower limit of the 95% CI of the difference was greater than the prespecified margin of -1.0 g/dL. The mean hemoglobin level was within the target range (11.0-13.0 g/dL) during weeks 40-52 for 92% of participants in both groups. There was no meaningful difference in the frequencies of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Oral daprodustat was noninferior to CERA in achieving and maintaining target hemoglobin levels in Japanese ND patients. Daprodustat was well tolerated, with no new safety concerns identified.\nThe comparative effects of intravenous iron on oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease and iron deficiency: a randomized controlled pilot study\nKidney research and clinical practice. 2021\nBACKGROUND Concerns exist regarding the pro-oxidant and inflammatory potential of intravenous (IV) iron due to labile plasma iron (LPI) generation. This IRON-CKD trial compared the effects of different IV irons on oxidative stress and inflammation. METHODS In this randomized open-label explorative single-center study in the United Kingdom, non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with iron deficiency were randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive a single infusion of 200 mg iron dextran, or 200 mg iron sucrose (IS), or 200 mg or 1,000 mg ferric derisomaltose (FDI) and were followed up for 3 months. The primary outcomes measured were induction of oxidative stress and inflammation. Secondarily, efficacy, vascular function, quality of life, and safety were monitored. RESULTS Forty patients were enrolled. No significant rise in oxidative stress existed, regardless of preparation or dose. There was a significant rise in LPI with 1,000 mg FDI at 2 hours that normalized within a week, not impacting oxidative stress or inflammation. A delayed rise in C-reactive protein was noted with IS. High-dose FDI produced a sustained serum ferritin increase (mean ± standard error of the mean of predose: 69.1 ± 18.4 μg/L, 3 months: 271.0 ± 83.3 μg/L; p = 0.007). Hemoglobin remained stable throughout. No adverse drug reactions were recorded during the study. CONCLUSION A single dose of IV iron in CKD patients does not trigger oxidative stress or inflammation biomarkers. Third-generation IV irons have a reassuring safety profile, and high-dose FDI produced a sustained serum ferritin rise and more efficient iron repletion, with no significant pro-oxidant or inflammatory signals when compared to a lower dose and other IV irons.\nEffects of the route of erythropoietin administration on hemoglobin variability and cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients\nKidney research and clinical practice. 2021\nINTRODUCTION Despite of the routine use of erythropoietin in hemodialysis patients to correct anemia, its administration route's effects on hemoglobin variability and cardiovascular events remain elusive. Herein, we determined different erythropoietin administration routes' effects on hemoglobin variability in hemodialysis patients and the associated factors of hemoglobin variability and cardiovascular events. METHODS This is a post hoc analysis of a prospective, controlled, randomized, unblinded study with 78 Korean hemodialysis patients receiving intravenous (n = 40) or subcutaneous (n = 38) erythropoietin therapy. We evaluated hemoglobin variability by calculating the frequency of hemoglobin measurements outside the target range during all visits. The high-frequency group was defined by those with hemoglobin variability over the median value (25%) while the low-frequency group was defined by those with hemoglobin variability of <25%. RESULTS In this analysis, 37 patients (51.1%) were males, and the mean age was 50.6 ± 12.5 years. The frequency of the value being outside the target hemoglobin range was higher in the subcutaneous group compared to the intravenous group (p = 0.03). The low-frequency group required significantly lower erythropoietin doses compared to the high-frequency group. In the adjusted Cox analysis, the parameter high group was a significant independent risk factor for cardiovascular events (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION The risk out of the target hemoglobin range increased with subcutaneous administration compared with intravenous erythropoietin administration in hemodialysis patients. An increased frequency of the value being outside the target hemoglobin range was also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.\nA multicentre prospective double blinded randomised controlled trial of intravenous iron (ferric Derisomaltose (FDI)) in Iron deficient but not anaemic patients with chronic kidney disease on functional status\nBMC nephrology. 2021;22(1):115\nBACKGROUND Iron deficiency (ID) is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Intravenous (IV) iron in heart failure leads to improvement in exercise capacity and improvement in quality-of-life measurements; however, data in patients with CKD are lacking. METHODS The Iron and the Heart Study was a prospective double blinded randomised study in non-anaemic CKD stages 3b-5 patients with ID which investigated whether 1000 mg of IV iron (ferric derisomaltose (FDI)) could improve exercise capacity in comparison to placebo measured at 1 and 3 months post infusion. Secondary objectives included effects on haematinic profiles and haemoglobin, safety analysis and quality of life questionnaires (QoL). RESULTS We randomly assigned 54 patients mean (SD) age for FDI (n = 26) 61.6 (10.1) years vs placebo (n = 28; 57.8 (12.9) years) and mean eGFR (33.2 (9.3) vs. 29.1 (9.6) ml/min/1.73m(2)) at baseline, respectively. Adjusting for baseline measurements, six-minute walk test (6MWT) showed no statistically significant difference between arms at 1 month (p = 0.736), or 3 months (p = 0.741). There were non-significant increases in 6MWT from baseline to 1 and 3 months in the FDI arm. Haemoglobin (Hb) at 1 and 3 months remained stable. There were statistically significant increases in ferritin (SF) and transferrin saturation (TSAT) at 1 and 3 months (p < 0.001). There was a modest numerical improvement in QoL parameters. There were no adverse events attributable to IV iron. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a short-term beneficial effect of FDI on exercise capacity, but it was not significant despite improvements in parameters of iron status, maintenance of Hb concentration, and numerical increases in functional capacity and quality of life scores. A larger study will be required to confirm if intravenous iron is beneficial in iron deficient non-anaemic non-dialysis CKD patients without heart failure to improve the 6MWT. TRIAL REGISTRATION European Clinical Trials Database (EudraCT) No: 2014-004133-16 REC no: 14/YH/1209 Date First Registered: 2015-02-17 and date of end of trail 2015-05-23 Sponsor ref R1766 and Protocol No: IHI 141.\nA randomized trial of albumin infusion to prevent intradialytic hypotension in hospitalized hypoalbuminemic patients\nCritical care (London, England). 2021;25(1):18\nBACKGROUND Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a frequent complication of intermittent hemodialysis (IHD), occurring from 15 to 50% of ambulatory sessions, and is more frequent among hospitalized patients with hypoalbuminemia. IDH limits adequate fluid removal and increases the risk for vascular access thrombosis, early hemodialysis (HD) termination, and mortality. Albumin infusion before and during therapy has been used for treating IDH with the varying results. We evaluated the efficacy of albumin infusion in preventing IDH during IHD in hypoalbuminemic inpatients. METHODS A randomized, crossover trial was performed in 65 AKI or ESKD patients with hypoalbuminemia (albumin < 3 g/dl) who required HD during hospitalization. Patients were randomized to receive 100 ml of either 0.9%sodium chloride or 25% albumin intravenously at the initiation of each dialysis. These two solutions were alternated for up to six sessions. Patients' vital signs and ultrafiltration removal rate were recorded every 15 to 30 min during dialysis. IDH was assessed by different definitions reported in the literature. All symptoms associated with a noted hypotensive event as well as interventions during the dialysis were recorded. RESULTS Sixty-five patients were submitted to 249 sessions; the mean age was 58 ([Formula: see text] 12), and 46 (70%) were male with a mean weight of 76 ([Formula: see text] 18) kg. The presence of IDH was lower during albumin sessions based on all definitions. The hypotension risk was significantly decreased based on the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative definition; (15% with NS vs. 7% with albumin, p = 0.002). The lowest intradialytic SBP was significantly worse in patients who received 0.9% sodium chloride than albumin (NS 83 vs. albumin 90 mmHg, p = 0.035). Overall ultrafiltration rate was significantly higher in the albumin therapies [NS - 8.25 ml/kg/h (- 11.18 5.80) vs. 8.27 ml/kg/h (- 12.22 to 5.53) with albumin, p = 0.011]. CONCLUSION In hypoalbuminemic patients who need HD, albumin administration before the dialysis results in fewer episodes of hypotension and improves fluid removal. Albumin infusion may be of benefit to improve the safety of HD and achievement of fluid balance in these high-risk patients. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04522635.\nHyperoncotic Albumin Solution in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Patients\nBlood purification. 2021;:1-10\nAIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of hyperoncotic (20%) human albumin solution (HAS) with outcomes among critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (RRT). METHODS Analysis of the Randomized Evaluation of Normal versus Augmented Level (RENAL) RRT trial data. RESULTS Of 1,508 patients, 771 (51%) received albumin. Of these, 345 (45%) received 4% HAS only, 155 (20%) received 20% HAS only, and 271 (35%) received both. Patients who received combined 4% and 20% HAS were more severely ill, received more days of RENAL trial therapy and required mechanical ventilation for longer. Mean daily fluid balance was -288 mL (-904 to 261) with 20% HAS only versus 245 mL (-248 to 1,050) with 4% HAS only (p < 0.001). On Cox proportional hazards regression, 20% HAS exposure was not associated with greater 90-day mortality (odds ratio 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77-1.62; p = 0.55) or longer recovery to RRT independence (sub-hazard ratio 1.04, 95% CI: 0.84-1.30; p = 0.70) compared to those who received 4% HAS only. CONCLUSIONS RENAL trial patients commonly received albumin in varying concentrations. The administration of 20% HAS was associated with a more negative fluid balance but was not independently associated with increased mortality or RRT dependence when compared to 4% HAS only.\nRole of Intravenous Ascorbic Acid in the Management of Anemia in Hemodialysis Patients\nIndian journal of nephrology. 2021;31(3):230-234\nINTRODUCTION Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) suffer from functional iron deficiency where despite the presence of sufficient iron stores in the body, adequate iron is unavailable for heme synthesis. This study hypothesis was that in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), administration of intravenous (IV) ascorbic acid (AA) exerts a good effect on the management of anemia, either by increasing the mobilization of iron from tissue stores or acting as an antioxidant to overcome the inflammatory block and increase the erythropoietin sensitivity. METHODS Fifty patients with ESRD who were on regular HD were included in the study. Patients' ferritin levels ranged from 500 to 1200 ng/mL with transferrin saturation of 30% or more. However, all patients were anemic and received erythropoietin therapy. Iron therapy was discontinued in the first group, whereas it was continued in the second group that received IV AA. RESULTS A significant increase in the levels of Hb was observed in the second group after 6 months despite the decrease in ferritin levels in both the groups. Transferrin saturation decreased in both groups, the decrease being more in the first group. The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) decreased in the second group, whereas these increased in the first group. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous AA as an adjuvant therapy with iron exerts a favorable and significant effect on the Hb, serum ferritin, and CRP levels in patients with ESKD having anemia. The discontinuation of iron therapy only decreases the serum ferritin levels and does not improve the Hb or CRP levels.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "If you are having trouble paying your bill or need information, we can help.\nFor More Information Click Here\nBilling and Insurance Information\nHealthcare today can be confusing and complicated. At Oneida Healthcare (OHC), we try to make it as easy as possible to navigate the healthcare system and that includes informing you about the price of medical services we provide, as well as the Health Plans that we participate with and the names and billing contact information of our contracted/affiliated providers. This area of our website will help you obtain basic information about those health plans, providers, medical services and associated hospital prices at Oneida Healthcare which includes our off site health centers and affiliated physician specialty offices.\nOur goal is to provide you with Exceptional Care. To accomplish that goal, we must maintain good financial operating results. By implementing our Patient Financial Policy, we are providing you with information so that you’re aware of your financial obligation when seeking services at Oneida Healthcare. Thank you for choosing Oneida Healthcare for your healthcare needs.\nOneida Healthcare & Health Centers\nOneida Healthcare Hospital\nCanastota-Lenox Health Center\nChittenango Family Care\nChittenango Internal Medicine\nVerona Health Center\nMaternal Health Center\nEstimation of Service Pricing\nAt Oneida Healthcare, we understand the need to provide you with assistance to determine the estimated price of the medical services we provide.\nParticipating Health Plans\nOneida Healthcare is dedicated to making the healthcare process as easy as possible for you by providing you with a list of Health Plans we participate with.\nNYS Surprise Bill Act Policy\nTo ensure compliance with the New York State regulation, as well as the Affordable Care Act (Price Transparency) and ensure that our patients are informed of their rights under the law please click here for more information.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "An increase in extracellular Ca2+ induces growth arrest and differentiation of human keratinocytes in culture. We examined possible involvement of S100C/A11 in this growth regulation. On exposure of the cells to high Ca2+, S100C/A11 was specifically phosphorylated at 10Thr and 94Ser. Phosphorylation facilitated the binding of S100C/A11 to nucleolin, resulting in nuclear translocation of S100C/A11. In nuclei, S100C/A11 liberated Sp1/3 from nucleolin. The resulting free Sp1/3 transcriptionally activated p21CIP1/WAF1, a representative negative regulator of cell growth. Introduction of anti-S100C/A11 antibody into the cells largely abolished the growth inhibition induced by Ca2+ and the induction of p21CIP1/WAF1. In the human epidermis, S100C/A11 was detected in nuclei of differentiating cells in the suprabasal layers, but not in nuclei of proliferating cells in the basal layer. These results indicate that S100C/A11 is a key mediator of the Ca2+-induced growth inhibition of human keratinocytes in culture, and that it may be possibly involved in the growth regulation in vivo as well.\nExquisite spatial and temporal control of cell growth and differentiation is a prerequisite for embryonic development and maintenance of fine tissue architecture. The epidermis is a typical tissue in which compartments of growing cells and growth-arrested terminally differentiating cells are clearly demarcated. In normal epidermis, proliferating cells are only observed in the basal layer. On moving to the upper layers, the cells stop growing, progressively follow a terminal differentiation pathway, and finally shed off from the surface. The critical step determining whether the cells withdraw from the growing cell population is regulated by a complex network involving many genes, but the precise molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown.\nA number of factors have been reported to trigger differentiation of human and mouse epidermal keratinocytes in culture, i.e., increased extracellular Ca2+ concentration (Hennings et al., 1980), TGFβ (Shipley et al., 1986), forced expression of PKC (Ohba et al., 1998), and detachment of cells from the substrate (Zhu and Watt, 1996). Normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) continuously proliferate only in a culture medium with Ca2+ of <0.1 mM. An increase in the Ca2+ concentration to 1.2–2.0 mM results in termination of cell growth and induction of terminal differentiation phenotypes (Hennings et al., 1980). An increase in the extracellular Ca2+ level resulted in a sustained higher intracellular Ca2+ concentration (Sharpe et al., 1989). Some other conditions inducing differentiation of keratinocytes also lead to increased intracellular Ca2+ levels (Sharpe et al., 1989; Missero et al., 1996). An increasing gradient of Ca2+ concentration is present from the basal to the cornified layers of the epidermis in vivo (Menon et al., 1992). Mice lacking the expression of full-length extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptors showed deteriorated epidermal differentiation (Komuves et al., 2002). These results indicate that higher Ca2+ levels lead to induction of epidermal differentiation not only in culture, but also in vivo.\nAn elevation in the Ca2+ level triggers a number of intracellular signal transductional events, including production of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and 1,2-diacylglycerol; activation of calcineurin, PKCs, and Raf/MEK/ERK pathway; and tyrosine phosphorylation of p62 and fyn (Dotto, 1999; Schmidt et al., 2000). On the other hand, it has been shown that p21CIP1/WAF1 was induced 4 or 8 h after an increase in the extracellular Ca2+ level, leading to inhibition of Cdk activity and blockage of cell cycle progression (Missero et al., 1996). p21CIP1/WAF1 protein has been detected in cells of the suprabasal layers, but not in those cells of the basal layer of the human epidermis (Ponten et al., 1995). An important missing link is how the Ca2+-induced initial events lead to the induction of p21CIP1/WAF1.\nIn a previous work on density-dependent growth inhibition of normal human fibroblasts, we identified S100C/A11 (calgizzarin), a member of the Ca2+-binding S100 protein family, as a key mediator of growth arrest (Sakaguchi et al., 2000). In a confluent state, S100C/A11 was phosphorylated at 10Thr and translocated into nuclei, and it eventually inhibited DNA synthesis through the induction of p21CIP1/WAF1 and p16INK4a. S100C/A11 is comprised in the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) located on chromosome 1q21 in humans. EDC encodes nearly 30 genes. About half of them are specifically expressed during Ca2+-dependent terminal differentiation of keratinocytes (e.g., profilaggrin and loricrin), and the other half are members of the S100 protein family. The S100 family proteins have been assumed to play signal transduction roles in the differentiation of epidermis and other tissues. Some of the S100 protein family members were differentially expressed in normal human skin and melanocytic lesions (Boni et al., 1997). S100C/A11 was reported to be up- or down-regulated in malignant tumors (Van Ginkel et al., 1998). These results prompted us to examine possible involvement of S100C/A11 in growth regulation of epidermal keratinocytes. Here, we show that S100C/A11 is a key mediator of the high Ca2+-induced growth arrest in human keratinocytes.\nIncrease in extracellular Ca2+ concentration inhibits the growth of NHK and HaCaT cells\nAt first, we confirmed that an increase in extracellular Ca2+ concentration from 0.03 to 1.5 mM results in inhibition of DNA synthesis of NHK cells in dose- and time-dependent manners (Fig. 1, A and B). HaCaT cells, an immortalized human keratinocyte line (Boukamp et al., 1988), were routinely cultivated in a medium with 1.5 mM Ca2+. When the concentration of Ca2+ was increased to 5 or 10 mM, DNA synthesis of HaCaT cells was inhibited (Fig. 1, A and B). Under similar conditions, Sharpe et al. (1989) and Gonczi et al. (2002) reported that there was no remarkable difference in intracellular Ca2+ level (70–100 nM) of NHK and HaCaT cells, despite different extracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in NHK and HaCaT cells increased by ∼40% within 30 min after increasing the extracellular Ca2+ concentrations from 0.03 to 1.5 mM and from 1.5 to 10 mM, respectively (Fig. 1 C). Overall, the response of HaCaT cells to 10 mM Ca2+ was similar to that of NHK cells to 1.5 mM Ca2+. No immediate cytotoxicity was noted in HaCaT cells in a medium with 10 mM Ca2+ during the observation period. Therefore, throughout the present work, 0.03 and 1.5 mM Ca2+ was used as low Ca2+ media and 1.5 and 10 mM Ca2+ was used as high Ca2+ media for NHK and HaCaT cells, respectively.\nS100C/A11 inhibits the growth of human keratinocytes\nTo examine the possible involvement of S100C/A11 in growth regulation of human keratinocytes, we transfected various constructs of S100C/A11 flanking SV40-derived NLS to exponentially growing HaCaT cells. As shown in Fig. 2 A, incorporation of BrdU was specifically inhibited in the cells transfected with wild-type S100C/A11 (indicated by arrows), whereas GFP alone did not show any effects. DNA synthesis was inhibited by ∼25% by the wild-type S100C/A11 (Fig. 2 B). This reduction is substantial, considering that the transfection efficiency was at most 40%. Introduction of recombinant S100C/A11 protein into HaCaT cells by the aid of the protein transduction domain of TAT protein (YGRKKRRQRRR; Schwarze et al., 1999) efficiently inhibited DNA synthesis (Fig. 2 C). The TAT-flanked protein was transferred to cell nuclei with an efficiency of nearly 100%.\nIncrease in extracellular Ca2+ concentration results in phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of S100C/A11\nWhen extracts of NHK and HaCaT cells labeled with [32P]phosphate were analyzed by a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, increased phosphorylation of S100C/A11 (as identified by sequencing) was noted in both cell types exposed to high Ca2+ (Fig. 3 A). Exposure to high Ca2+ increased the immunoprecipitable amount of S100C/A11 and more remarkably the level of phosphorylation in both cell types (Fig. 3 A, bottom), whereas the S100C/A11 protein levels only slightly increased by high Ca2+ (Fig. S3).\nTo determine the phosphorylation sites of S100C/A11, endogenous S100C/A11 protein was purified from 32P-labeled HaCaT cells and degradated to peptides. As shown in Fig. 3 B (middle and bottom), only NH2-terminal p1-1 and COOH-terminal p4 were phosphorylated in a totally high Ca2+-depending manner. When the synthesized peptides of S100C/A11 were incubated with cell extracts in vitro, NH2-terminal pepA (amino acid residues 1–23) and COOH-terminal pepF (87–105), but not four other peptides covering the middle part of S100C/A11, were significantly phosphorylated by the extracts prepared from NHK and HaCaT cells cultivated in the high Ca2+ media (unpublished data). Thr and Ser residues were phosphorylated in pepA and pepF, respectively (Fig. 3 C). Finally, phosphorylation sites in p1-1 and p4 were determined as 10Thr and 94Ser, respectively, by an amino acid sequencer (Fig. 3 D). In accordance with this, Ala-substituted forms at 10Thr of pepA and at 94Ser of pepF were not phosphorylated by the cell extracts prepared after cultivating in the high Ca2+ media (unpublished data).\nIncreases in Ca2+ in the media resulted in partial translocation of endogenous S100C/A11 to nuclei of NHK and HaCaT cells as demonstrated by immunostaining (Fig. 4 A) and by Western blotting and autoradiography (Fig. 4 B). Preincubation with a membrane-permeable Ca2+ chelator, BAPTA-AM, inhibited the nuclear translocation of endogenous S100C/A11 by high Ca2+ (Fig. 4 A). An S100C/A11 variant protein lacking Ca2+-binding capacity was not translocated to nuclei by high Ca2+ (Fig. 4 C). Transfection of the wild-type S100C/A11-GFP construct before the shift to high Ca2+ resulted in nuclear translocation of the protein in HaCaT cells (Fig. 4 D). This nuclear translocation was not observed when 10Thr was substituted with Ala (Fig. 4 D) or when the NH2-terminal 23 amino acids were deleted (unpublished data). 10Thr-to-Asp–substituted protein (TD) was observed in nuclei even in the low Ca2+ medium. On the contrary, 94Ser-substituted forms behaved in a manner similar to the wild-type protein. A COOH-terminal truncated form of S100C/A11 lacking the residues from 87 to 105 was transferred to nuclei by the high Ca2+ (unpublished data). These results indicate that the phosphorylation of 10Thr, but not of 94Ser, is critical for the Ca2+-induced nuclear localization of S100C/A11, and that binding of Ca2+ to S100C/A11 is necessary for the translocation.\nBinding of S100C/A11 to nucleolin is essential for nuclear translocation\nBecause S100C/A11 lacks the canonical NLS sequence, we screened for possible interacting protein(s) using a pepA(TD)-immobilized column (pepA with Asp at the 10th residue, a phosphorylated pepA equivalent). An ∼100-kD protein was identified in extracts of HaCaT cells as showing specific binding (Fig. 5 A, left). Sequencing of the eluted protein gave an amino acid sequence of VKLAKAGKANQGD, corresponding to the NH2 terminus of human nucleolin. The binding of S100C/A11 and nucleolin was confirmed in vitro (Fig. 5 A, right; Fig. 5 B). The bound amounts of nucleolin depended on the amounts of S100C/A11 protein immobilized, and S100C/A11(TD), a 10Thr phosphorylation equivalent form, showed higher affinity to nucleolin than did the wild type (Fig. 5 B). Synthesized pepA having phosphothreonine at the 10th residue showed a higher nucleolin-binding capacity similar to pepA(TD) (Fig. S6). Only pepA, and not the other five partial peptides of S100C/A11, binds to nucleolin. Furthermore, neither GST-S100A2 nor GST-S100A6, the other members of S100 family, bound to nucleolin as assayed in vitro (unpublished data).\nIn the Ca2+-stimulated HaCaT cells, S100C/A11 protein that was phosphorylated and bound to nucleolin was predominantly found in the nuclei (Fig. 5 C). Among various GFP-conjugated 10Thr- or 94Ser-substituted forms of S100C/A11 transfected to HaCaT cells, only 10Thr-to-Asp–substituted forms were coprecipitated with nucleolin in the low Ca2+ medium (Fig. 5 D). In the high Ca2+ medium, phosphorylation of S100C/A11 was observed when either 10Thr or 94Ser was intact. Nucleolin was coprecipitated with 10Thr-intact forms in addition to 10Thr-to-Asp–substituted forms. BAPTA-AM inhibited the phosphorylation and interaction of wild-type S100C/A11 with nucleolin by high Ca2+ (Fig. 5 E). The S100C/A11 variant protein lacking Ca2+-binding capacity was neither phosphorylated nor coprecipitated with nucleolin by high Ca2+ (Fig. 5 E).\nWhen small interfering RNA (siRNA) against nucleolin was applied to HaCaT cells, the protein levels were substantially reduced (Fig. 5 F, top), whereas the control siRNA against GAPDH showed no effects. Increase in Ca2+ concentration translocated endogenous S100C/A11 into nuclei in the siRNA against GAPDH-treated cells, but not in the siRNA against nucleolin-treated cells (Fig. 5 F, bottom). The necessity of nucleolin for the Ca2+-induced nuclear translocation of S100C/A11 was also confirmed in an in vitro translocation assay using permeabilized HaCaT cells by depleting nucleolin with a specific antibody (Fig. S5). These results indicate that (1) high Ca2+ treatment of HaCaT cells induces endogenous activity to phosphorylate S100C/A11 at 10Thr and 94Ser, and eventually enhances the binding of S100C/A11 to nucleolin; (2) S100C/A11 binds to nucleolin through its NH2-terminal region in a 10Thr phosphorylation–dependent manner; (3) the binding of S100C/A11 to nucleolin is essential for the translocation of S100C/A11 to nuclei; and (4) the binding of Ca2+ to S100C/A11 is necessary for the phosphorylation, binding to nucleolin, and nuclear translocation of S100C/A11.\nThe effector protein for growth inhibition by S100C/A11 is p21CIP1/WAF1\nThe next question is how nuclear S100C/A11 exerts its inhibitory action on the growth of keratinocytes. We screened a number of possible candidates and found that p21CIP1/WAF1 mRNA was remarkably induced in NHK cells either cultivated at 1.5 mM Ca2+ or exposed to TAT-S100C/A11 (Fig. 6 A). p16INK4a was also induced, but to a moderate extent. Similar induction was observed in HaCaT cells in a time-dependent manner (Fig. 6 B).\nTo confirm the role of S100C/A11 on the induction of p21CIP1/WAF1, anti-S100C/A11 antibody was introduced into HaCaT cells by the aid of Chariot or polyethyleneimine (PEI). The polyclonal antibody that we used was specific as shown in Fig. 6 C, and was demonstrated to recognize the NH2-terminal pepA and COOH-terminal pepF of S100C/A11 (unpublished data). Binding of the introduced antibody to endogenous S100C/A11 was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation (Fig. 6 D). Introduction of the antibody inhibited the high Ca2+-induced phosphorylation of S100C/A11 (Fig. 6 E). Fab fragments of the anti-S100C/A11 antibody also reduced the phosphorylation of S100C/A11 in HaCaT cells (Fig. S8). The induction of p21CIP1/WAF1 by TAT-S100C/A11 was dose-dependently abrogated by the antibody introduced into the cells (Fig. 6 F). The decrease in the amount of p21CIP1/WAF1 protein due to the action of anti-S100C/A11 antibody was associated with the recovery of cdk2 activity as assayed in vitro (Fig. 6 F). Inhibition of cdk2 activity by S100C/A11 introduced into HaCaT cells was dose- and time-dependent. Finally, anti-p21CIP1/WAF1 antibody (but not anti-p16INK4a antibody) completely abrogated the growth inhibition by S100C/A11 as assayed for [3H]TdR incorporation or for cdk2 activity (Fig. 6, G and H), indicating that p21CIP1/WAF1 is the principal effector protein of the S100C/A11-mediated growth inhibition of human keratinocytes. Specificity of anti-p21CIP1/WAF1 and anti-p16INK4a antibodies was confirmed as shown in Fig. 6 C.\nIn nuclei, S100C/A11 competitively binds to nucleolin and liberates Sp1 and Sp3, which eventually induce p21CIP1/WAF1\nNext, we addressed the question of how S100C/A11 in the nuclei induces the effector p21CIP1/WAF1. Screening using Signal Transduction AntibodyArray™ (Hypromatrix) resulted in identification of Sp1 as a protein that binds to nucleolin, and the binding was inhibited by the addition of S100C/A11(TD) (Fig. 7 A). Anti-Sp2 antibody (but not anti-Sp3 antibody) was also on the membrane, but showed a negative result. Binding of Sp1 to nucleolin was confirmed by applying the extract of HaCaT cells onto GST-nucleolin beads (Fig. 7 B). Sp1 did not bind directly to S100C/A11.\nTo examine whether nucleolin binds to Sp1 in the cells, we performed a coprecipitation assay (Fig. 7 C). Sp1 and S100C/A11 were detected in the precipitates prepared using anti-nucleolin antibody, whereas nucleolin, but not S100C/A11, was detected in the precipitates prepared using anti-Sp1 antibody. These results indicate that binding among the proteins actually takes place in vivo, and that S100C/A11 does not bind to Sp1. In HaCaT cells cultivated in the presence of 1.5 mM Ca2+, nucleolin bound to Sp1, but not to S100C/A11. When the Ca2+ concentration was increased to 10 mM, S100C/A11 instead of Sp1 was detected in the immunoprecipitates prepared using anti-nucleolin antibody, and the bound S100C/A11 was phosphorylated. When the extract was treated with alkaline phosphatase in advance, the amount of S100C/A11 bound to nucleolin was dramatically reduced and the binding of Sp1 was recovered concomitantly. Immunoprecipitation with anti-Sp1 antibody confirmed that the stimulation with high Ca2+ liberated Sp1 from nucleolin.\nRegions of nucleolin and Sp1 involved in the interaction were determined using recombinant partial proteins (Fig. 7 E). The COOH-terminal region of Sp1 (segment 3) including a zinc-finger domain was shown to be responsible for the binding to nucleolin (Fig. 7 D, top). In turn, Sp1 in the cell extract bound to segment 4 of nucleolin immobilized on a membrane (Fig. 7 D, middle). Recombinant Sp1 segment 3 also bound to the nucleolin segment 4, indicating direct interaction between the two proteins. S100C/A11 was recovered only from beads conjugated with segment 3 of nucleolin (Fig. 7 D, bottom). When segment 3 of nucleolin was introduced into HaCaT cells, the Ca2+-induced p21CIP1/WAF1 protein level was decreased and the activity of cdk2 was recovered within 8 h, despite continuous cultivation at 10 mM Ca2+ (unpublished data). This is possibly due to a dominant-negative effect of the peptide through sequestering S100C/A11 by binding. The interacting regions of the proteins are depicted in Fig. 7 E.\nBinding of nucleolin in cell extracts to Sp1 (segment 3) was dose-dependently inhibited by recombinant S100C/A11 (Fig. 7 F). S100C/A11(TD) showed a stronger effect, whereas S100C/A11(TA) did not affect the binding between nucleolin and Sp1 (segment 3).\nBecause Sp3 is also known to activate the p21CIP1/WAF1 promoter (Prowse et al., 1997), we examined possible interaction with nucleolin and S100C/A11 and found that (1) Sp3 can bind to nucleolin segment 4 via its COOH-terminal zinc-finger domain; and (2) the binding of Sp3 to nucleolin was inhibited by S100C/A11 (unpublished data).\nA gel shift assay was performed using GC-rich regions of the p21CIP1/WAF1 promoter, the well-known Sp1/Sp3-binding sites (see Materials and methods). As shown in Fig. 7 G, exposure of NHK and HaCaT cells to high Ca2+ resulted in an increase in the intensity of the shifted bands by Sp1 and Sp3, which were further retarded by the addition of anti-Sp1 or -Sp3 antibody. Under similar experimental conditions in which HaCaT cells were cultivated in a high Ca2+ medium, addition of GST-nucleolin into the incubation mixtures inhibited the extent of the band shift as compared with GST (Fig. 7 G, right). This was possibly due to sequestration of Sp1 by exogenous nucleolin. The inhibition of the band shift by GST-nucleolin was abrogated by the 10Thr phosphorylation equivalent form S100C/A11(TD), whereas wild-type S100C/A11 and S100A2 showed no effect. We found that the interaction of the proteins were dose-dependent, and addition of an excess amount of wild-type S100C/A11 showed recovering effects similar to S100C/A11(TD) (unpublished data). These results indicate the competitive nature of the binding between S100C/A11 and Sp1/Sp3 to nucleolin. We performed a series of luciferase assays using a plasmid containing the p21CIP1/WAF1 promoter region (Nakano et al., 1997) and obtained essentially the same results as those obtained by using the gel shift assay (unpublished data). Deletion of the Sp1/Sp3-binding sites in the promoter abrogated the induction of luciferase activity by S100C/A11.\nBiological relevance of the S100C/A11 pathway as a mediator of the growth inhibition of keratinocytes\nThe findings described in the previous paragraphs indicate that S100C/A11 is involved in growth inhibition of human keratinocytes induced by high Ca2+ (Fig. 8 A). Under low Ca2+ conditions, S100C/A11 is present mostly in the cytoplasm. The unphosphorylated S100C/A11 partly binds to actin fiber via its COOH-terminal region (unpublished data). An increase in intracellular Ca2+ results in activation of an as-yet-unidentified protein kinase(s) that phosphorylates S100C/A11 at 10Thr and 94Ser. Phosphorylated S100C/A11 binds to nucleolin via its NH2-terminal region and is translocated to nuclei. In the nuclei, S100C/A11 competes with Sp1 and Sp3 for binding to nucleolin, and the resulting free Sp1 and Sp3 induce p21CIP1/WAF1.\nA question that arises is to what extent the pathway is biologically relevant. To address this question, anti-S100C/A11 antibody was introduced into NHK and HaCaT cells by PEI and Chariot, respectively. The introduction efficiency was confirmed to be >70% by immunostaining. The introduced antibody inhibited the high Ca2+-induced phosphorylation of S100C/A11 (Fig. 6 E). High Ca2+ suppressed DNA synthesis to ∼17% of the control level, and the antibody recovered the DNA synthesis to 64 and 72% of the control level in NHK and HaCaT cells, respectively, indicating that S100C/A11 is a principal (if not sole) mediator of growth regulation (Fig. 8 B). The incomplete recovery may be either due to incomplete blockage of S100C/A11 function by the introduced antibody or due to the presence of some additional pathway mediating high Ca2+-induced growth inhibition.\nS100C/A11 was found to be expressed at various levels in many human tissues (Fig. 8 C), among which skin showed a particularly high level of S100C/A11 expression. When normal human skin tissues were stained with anti-S100C/A11 antibody, S100C/A11 protein was detected in epidermal keratinocytes (Fig. 8 D). Nuclei of cells in the basal layer were consistently negative for S100C/A11 protein, whereas nuclei of cells in the suprabasal layers were positive. p21CIP1/WAF1 protein was not detected in the basal layer, but appeared in suprabasal cell nuclei in which S100C/A11 was present. Among 21 nuclei counted in the basal layer, 20 and 1 nuclei were negative and positive for both S100C/A11 and p21CIP1/WAF1, respectively. In the suprabasal layer, 89 nuclei were positive for S100C/A11 and p21CIP1/WAF1, whereas 11 nuclei were positive for S100C/A11, but negative for p21CIP1/WAF1. No S100C/A11-negative nuclei expressed p21CIP1/WAF1. These results indicate that S100C/A11 not only mediates high Ca2+-induced growth inhibition of human keratinocytes in culture, but most likely plays a key role in the growth regulation in vivo as well.\nWe have demonstrated that an S100C/A11-mediated pathway plays a key role in high Ca2+-induced growth inhibition of human keratinocytes in culture. This finding has substantial biological significance for the following reasons: (1) high Ca2+ is a physiological inducer of growth arrest and differentiation of human keratinocytes in culture, and probably in vivo as well; (2) prior introduction of anti-S100C/A11 antibody resulted in recovery of the high Ca2+-induced growth inhibition of human keratinocytes by ∼70%, indicating that S100C/A11 is a key (if not the sole) mediator of growth regulation; and (3) immunostaining of the human epidermis for S100C/A11 and p21CIP1/WAF1 showed a picture consistent with the model presented as a summary of the results of the present report using cultured human keratinocytes (Fig. 8 A).\nPhosphorylation and nuclear translocation of S100C/A11\nEndogenous S100C/A11 was phosphorylated at 10Thr and 94Ser in HaCaT cells exposed to high Ca2+ (Fig. 3 D), whereas only 10Thr was shown to be the major target of phosphorylation in confluent normal human fibroblasts (Sakaguchi et al., 2000). The phosphorylation of S100C/A11 at 10Thr stimulated binding to nucleolin via its NH2-terminal region, this being a prerequisite for nuclear translocation of S100C/A11 (Fig. 5, C–F). In human keratinocytes, some of the cytoplasmic S100C/A11 proteins were colocalized with actin fibers. We found that S100C/A11 binds to actin through the COOH-terminal region and that phosphorylation of 94Ser reduced the affinity (unpublished data). The liberation of S100C/A11 from actin may facilitate the association with nucleolin and the eventual nuclear translocation of S100C/A11.\nCa2+ binds to S100C/A11 and induces its conformational changes (Rety et al., 2000). The binding of Ca2+ to S100C/A11 appears to be critical for the S100C/A11-mediated growth inhibition because interference of the binding either by amino acid substitution or with a membrane-permeable Ca2+ chelator (BAPTA-AM) inhibited phosphorylation, binding to nucleolin, and nuclear translocation of S100C/A11 (Fig. 4, A and C; Fig. 5 E). Cellular kinase activity for S100C/A11 as assayed in vitro using S100C/A11 or pepA was induced by high Ca2+ in NHK and HaCaT cells. The kinase activity was detected in a cytosolic-soluble fraction, but not in an insoluble or nuclear fraction, of HaCaT cells exposed to high Ca2+. When the cell extract was applied onto a cation exchange column, the activity was eluted with 160–180 mM KCl (unpublished data). Further characterization of the kinase(s) is now in progress in our laboratory.\nInteraction among nucleolin, S100C/A11, and Sp1/Sp3\nNucleolin was first identified as a protein involved in ribosomal assembly and maturation, but was later found to have diverse biological functions (Srivastava and Pollard, 1999). Although nucleolin is mainly localized in the nucleus, it shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm and is even present on the cell surface. When we microinjected wheat germ hemagglutinin into HaCaT cells, which is known to generally inhibit nuclear import of proteins (Finlay and Forbes, 1990), nucleolin was diffusely distributed in the cells (unpublished data). Recently, Shibata et al. (2002) reported that nucleolin mediates a signal from the cell surface to the nucleus. Nucleolin inhibited transcriptional activation by A-Myb through specific binding (Ying et al., 2000). Heat shock or irradiation was shown to mobilize nucleolin from nucleoli to promote the formation of a nucleolin–p53 complex (Daniely et al., 2002). In the present work, we showed that S100C/A11 and Sp1/Sp3 compete for binding to nucleolin. This is the first report of nucleolin providing a site for switching transcriptional activation through protein–protein interaction. Unexpectedly, it was found that S100C/A11 and Sp1/Sp3 bind to different regions of nucleolin (Fig. 7 E). Binding of S100C/A11 may change the conformation of nucleolin so that it can no longer hold Sp1 and Sp3. Although nucleolin is notoriously sticky, the interaction with Sp1/3 and S100C/A11 is unlikely to be nonspecific because (1) only the specific regions of the respective proteins show the binding capacity; and (2) other members of S100, such as S100A2 and S100A6, did not bind to nucleolin.\nTranscriptional activation of p21CIP1/WAF1 by Sp1 and Sp3\nSp1/krupple-like factors act as ubiquitous and tissue-restricted transactivators in many different contexts. Sp1 and Sp3 were shown to activate the p21CIP1/WAF1 promoter (Prowse et al., 1997). In the gel shift assay, the shifted bands shown in Fig. 7 G were further retarded by incubation with anti-Sp1 and anti-Sp3 antibody. We performed a series of luciferase assays using the plasmid containing the human p21CIP1/WAF1 promoter sequence of 2.4 kb (Nakano et al., 1997). Application of TAT-S100C/A11 induced the activity of the p21CIP1/WAF1 promoter by more than 10-fold in HaCaT cells in an Sp1/Sp3 site-dependent manner (unpublished data). This induction was abrogated by pretreatment of the cells with TAT-nucleolin segment 3, but not TAT-nucleolin segment 4. These results indicate that p21CIP1/WAF1, the effector protein of S100C/A11-mediated growth inhibition (Fig. 6 G), is transcriptionally activated by Sp1 and Sp3 in human keratinocytes when exposed to high Ca2+. This induction must be p53-independent because HaCaT cells are known to have only mutated p53 genes (Lehman et al., 1993).\nBiological effects of p21CIP1/WAF1 in human keratinocytes\nThere remains little doubt that p21CIP1/WAF1, when expressed, inhibits the growth of keratinocytes through inactivating Cdks (Gartel et al., 1996). The results of immunostaining for p21CIP1/WAF1 (Fig. 8 D) suggest that p21CIP1/WAF1 is involved in growth arrest and differentiation of human epidermal keratinocytes in vivo. Various differentiation factors for human keratinocytes, including high Ca2+ (Todd and Reynolds, 1998), TGFβ (Datto et al., 1995), and TPA (Todd and Reynolds, 1998), are known to induce p21CIP1/WAF1.\nIn the human epidermis, p21CIP1/WAF1 protein was detected in the lower and middle suprabasal layers, but not in the uppermost layers (Fig. 8 D; Ponten et al., 1995). This seems reasonable because overexpressed p21CIP1/WAF1 was shown to inhibit terminal differentiation of mouse keratinocytes at later stages (Di Cunto et al., 1998). Alternatively, p21CIP1/WAF1 may simply not be needed in irreversibly arrested cells.\nRegulation of growth and differentiation in keratinocytes\nTGFβ transduces signals via Smad proteins. In HaCaT cells treated with TGFβ, Smad3 and Smad4 were found to cooperate with Sp1 for transcriptional activation of the p21CIP1/WAF1 promoter (Pardali et al., 2000). When we treated HaCaT and NHK cells with TGFβ, S100C/A11 was translocated to nuclei (unpublished data). Thus, S100C/A11 may be a partial converging point of high Ca2+ and TGFβ.\nThe proposed S100C/A11-mediated pathway for Ca2+-induced growth arrest (Fig. 8 A) has partly revealed the thus-far-unknown link from the initial events triggered by high Ca2+ to the induction of Cdk inhibitors, particularly p21CIP1/WAF1. However, we still have little information on how S100C/A11 is phosphorylated upon stimulation by high Ca2+. The specific phosphorylation observed in the present paper in terms of culture conditions and substrates (Fig. 3, B and D) provides an opportunity for the identification of the involved protein kinase(s). Furthermore, the function of S100C/A11 for liberation of Sp1 and Sp3 in nuclei was born by residues 1–23 of the NH2-terminal peptide. Considering the ubiquitous expressions of nucleolin and Sp1/Sp3 and the large variety of promoters that are regulated by Sp1 and Sp3, further narrowing down of the functional structural domain of the peptide and screening for chemicals that have similar structure may be a promising venture eventually leading to pharmacologically useful substances.\nMaterials And Methods\nNHK cells (Kurabo Industries, Ltd.) were cultured in Defined Keratinocyte-SFM (GIBCO BRL) with Defined Keratinocyte-SFM Growth Supplement (GIBCO BRL). HaCaT cells, a gift from Dr. Fusenig (German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany), were cultured in DME with 10% FBS. For monitoring DNA synthesis, 1 μCi/ml tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR; American Radiolabeled Chemicals) was added to the cultures 1 h before cell harvest. An anti-BrdU antibody (Neomarkers) was used to stain BrdU-incorporated cells. Subfractionation of cells was performed as described previously (Lindeman et al., 1997). Imaging analysis of the intracellular Ca2+ level was performed as reported previously (Yamamoto et al., 2000).\nDetermination of phosphorylation sites\nTo determine the phosphorylation sites of endogenous S100C/A11, the protein was collected from HaCaT cells cultivated in the low or high Ca2+ medium using an affinity column with anti-S100C/A11 antibody. After further purification by PAGE, the protein was cleaved with cyanogen bromide and the peptides were fractionated by HPLC. Four peptides (Fig. 3 D) were identified by partial sequencing. pep1 was further cleaved with endoproteinase Asp-N (Roche). The purified p1-1 and p4 were subjected to NH2-terminal sequencing on a peptide sequencer (model 491; Applied Biosystems). Phosphorylated amino acid residues were run through the column, and thus disappeared from the expected position of unphosphorylated residues.\nIntroduction of proteins into cells\nPeptides and S100C/A11 protein with relatively low molecular sizes were introduced into cells by the aid of the protein transduction domain of TAT protein (YGRKKRRQRRR) from human immunodeficiency virus (Schwarze et al., 1999). A Chariot kit (active motif) and cationic PEI-conjugated S100C/A11 antibody were used to introduce antibodies into HaCaT and NHK cells, respectively. To functionally inactivate proteins within the cells, rabbit anti–human S100C/A11, mouse anti–human p16INK4a (Ab-4, clone 16P04; Neomarkers), and mouse anti-p21CIP1/WAF1 (Ab-11, clone CP74: Neomarkers) antibodies were used. The anti-S100C/A11 antibody detects only a single band in Western blot analysis using cells irrespective to Ca2+ levels in the media (Fig. 6 C). Efficacy for neutralization of the target proteins p16INK4a and p21CIP1/WAF1 by the antibodies was confirmed by in vitro phosphorylation assay.\nAntibodies and plasmid constructs\nAntibodies and plasmid constructs used in the present work are listed in the Online supplemental material section.\nAn optimal target site of nucleolin mRNA for siRNA was determined as 5′-GACAGTGATGAAGAGGAGG-3′ by a program provided by QIAGEN, and the synthetic siRNA was purchased from the same company. siRNA against GAPDH mRNA (Ambion) was used as a control. The siRNA was transfected to the logarithmically growing HaCaT cells using LipofectAMINE™ 2000 (Invitrogen).\nCdk2 kinase assay\nAn in vitro cdk2 kinase assay was performed using immunoprecipitates with anti–human cyclin E antibody and histone H1 as a substrate as described previously (Ohashi et al., 1999).\nSignal Transduction AntibodyArray™ (Hypromatrix) was used under the conditions indicated by the manufacturer. In brief, the antibody membrane was incubated with 1-mg HaCaT cell extracts, followed by the application of 10-μg full-length recombinant proteins (GST, GST-S100C/A11, GST-nucleolin, or GST-nucleolin + S100C/A11(TD)). After washing, the bound proteins were detected using HRP-conjugated anti-GST antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.).\nGel shift assay\nA gel mobility shift assay was performed as described by Nakano et al. (1997). We used GC-rich regions located between 120 and 94 bp (A), 93 and 74 bp (B), and 73 and 47 bp (C) of the human p21CIP1/WAF1 promoter as probes. The 32P-labeled probes (A + B + C; 104 cpm) were mixed with 4 μg crude nuclear extracts of NHK or HaCaT cells, incubated for 20 min at RT, and electrophoresed in a 5% polyacrylamide gel under nondenaturing conditions. For a super-shift experiment, 1 μg mouse anti–human Sp1 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.) or rabbit anti–human Sp3 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.) was added to the reaction mixture.\nAcquisition and processing of images\nFor GFP-labeled vital cells, images were acquired by a fluorescent microscope (IX71–22FL/PH; CCD camera, DP50; objective lens, LCPlan F1 40×; Olympus) and processed using Adobe Photoshop® 6.0. For fixed cells labeled with FITC, Alexa® 488, or TRITC, a laser-scanning microscope (Axioplan 2; objective lens, Plan-Apochromat® 63× 1.4 oil DC and Plan-Neofluar® 40×/0.75; Carl Zeiss MicroImaging, Inc.) was used.\nOnline supplemental material\nFig. S1 shows dose-dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis by TAT-S100C. Fig. S2 shows expression of variant S100C/A11 proteins. Fig. S3 shows effects of high Ca2+ on endogenous S100C/A11 levels. Fig. S4 depicts intracellular localization of nucleolin. Fig. S5 shows necessity of nucleolin for nuclear translocation of S100C/A11. Fig. S6 depicts binding of S100C/A11 pepA with nucleolin. Fig. S7 shows proteins recovered by protein G from HaCaT cells applied with anti-S100C antibody or IgG. Fig. S8 shows Fab of anti-S100C/A11 antibody and reduced phosphorylation level of S100C/A11 induced by high Ca2+. Fig. S9 depicts induction of p21CIP1/WAF1 by variant S100C/A11 proteins. Fig. S10 shows interaction among nucleolin, Sp1, and S100C/A11. Fig. S11 shows competition of S100C/A11 peptides with Sp1 and Sp3 for binding to nucleolin. Fig. S12 shows the dominant-negative effect of nucleolin Seg-3 for the induction of p21CIP1/WAF1 by TAT-S100C/A11. The supplemental material is available.\nWe are indebted to Dr. T. Sakai (Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan) for providing a plasmid.\nThis work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (14370260 to N. Huh) and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (0104310 to M. Sakaguchi).\nThe online version of this article includes supplemental material.\nAbbreviations used in this paper: NHK, normal human keratinocyte; PEI, polyethyleneimine; siRNA, small interfering RNA.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Welcome to Luxxery Boutique, a comprehensive plastic surgery and cosmetic enhancement practice designed to help both women and men renew and rejuvenate their appearance with exceptional results. At Luxxery, we invite you to immerse yourself in beauty by taking advantage of the many advanced surgical and non-surgical treatments available that can help you feel great about the way you look. Dr. Ayman Hakki and Dr. Nadya Clarke are experienced plastic surgeons who will customize your treatment based on your distinct needs and goals in order to produce results that not only meet your expectations, but also look natural and not artificial. From surgical body, breast, and facial enhancement procedures to non-surgical cosmetic treatments that can reduce excess fat pockets and rejuvenate the skin, we are committed to providing you with a vast selection of options from a skilled team of professionals who have your best interests at heart.\nDr. Ayman Hakki is certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery and is a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. Dr. Hakki is an extensively trained and skilled plastic surgeon who is experienced with surgical aesthetic enhancement procedures for the face, breasts, and body, as well as minimally-invasive procedures designed to diminish signs of age and help patients achieve a more youthful appearance.\nDr. Nadya Clarke is an experienced and immensely talented female plastic surgeon who performs an array of cosmetic enhancement procedures designed to recontour the body and enhance the look and feel of the skin. Dr. Clarke is adept with both surgical and non-surgical treatments that can help women and men renew their appearance and restore their self-confidence.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Bad habits for your heart\nEveryone wants to have a healthy heart. Still,cardiovascular disease affects more than 1 in 3 adults in the United States.\nThe good news is that some simple, everyday habits can make a big difference in your ability to live a healthy lifestyle.\nHere are the worst habits for your heart, and how to avoid them.\nSitting for hours on end increases your risk of heart attack and stroke, even if you exercise regularly.\n“Intermittent exercise doesn’t compensate for the time you sit,” says Harmony R. Reynolds, MD, associate director of the Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, in New York City.\nWhy? The lack of movement may affect blood levels of fats and sugars.\nDr. Reynolds advises walking around periodically and, if you’re at work, standing up to talk on the phone.\nLeaving hostility and depression unchecked\nAre you feeling stressed, hostile, or depressed? It can take a toll on your heart.\nWhile everyone feels this way some of the time, how you handle these emotions can affect your heart health. “Those likely to internalize stress are in greater danger; research has shown a benefit to laughter and social support,” Dr. Reynolds says.\n“And it’s helpful to be able to go to someone and talk about your problems.”\nIgnoring the snoring\nMore than a minor annoyance, snoring can be a sign of something more serious: obstructive sleep apnea. This disorder, marked by breathing that is interrupted during sleep, can cause blood pressure to skyrocket.\nMore than 18 million Americans adults have sleep apnea, which increases the risk of heart disease. People who are overweight or obese are at higher risk for sleep apnea, but slim people can have it too.\nIf you snore and often wake up feeling tired, talk with your doctor; there are easy ways to screen for apnea, says Robert Ostfeld, MD, associate professor of clinical medicine at Montefiore Medical Center, in New York City.\nWhile the exact reason is unknown, there is a strong link between gum disease and heart disease, Dr. Ostfeld says.\nIf you don’t floss, sticky, bacteria-laden plaque build up over time, which can lead to gum disease. One theory is that these bacteria trigger inflammation in the body.\n“Inflammation promotes all aspects of atherosclerosis,” Dr. Ostfeld says. Treating gum disease can improve blood vessel function.\nWithdrawing from the world\nIt’s no secret that on some days, other human beings can seem annoying, irritating, and just plain difficult to get along with.\nHowever, it makes sense to strengthen your connections to the ones you actually like. People with stronger connections to family, friends, and society in general tend to live longer, healthier lives.\nEveryone needs alone time, but you should still reach out to others and keep in touch whenever you can.\nYou’re either all or nothing\nCall it the Weekend Warrior Syndrome.\n“I see so many people in their 40s and 50s dive into exercising with good intentions, hurt themselves, and then stop exercising all together,” says Judith S. Hochman, MD, director of the Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center at NYU’s Langone Medical Center.\nWith exercise, it’s wise to aim for slow and steady. “It’s more important to have a regular exercise commitment,” says Dr. Reynolds. “Be in it for the long game.”\nDrinking (too much) alcohol\nSure, studies suggest a small amount of alcohol may be good for your heart. Alas, too many over-imbibe.\nExcess alcohol is linked to a greater risk of high blood pressure, high levels of blood fats, and heart failure. In addition, the extra calories can lead to weight gain, a threat to heart health.\nIf you drink, stick to no more than two drinks per day for men, and no more than one a day for women. (One drink means a 12-ounce beer or 4-ounce glass of wine).\nBeing overweight is a major risk factor for heart disease, and 72% of men and 64% of women in the U.S are overweight or obese.\nTry to eat less, avoid oversize portions, and replace sugary drinks with water.\nDr. Reynolds and Dr. Hochman also suggest cutting portion sizes for high-calorie carbohydrates (think refined pastas and breads) and watching out for foods labeled “low-fat,” which are often high in calories.\nAssuming you’re not at risk\nCardiovascular disease—including stroke, heart disease, and heart failure—claims more lives in the United States than any other illness, including cancer.\n“Don’t assume you’re not at risk,” says Dr. Ostfeld.\nHigh blood pressure and cholesterol, diabetes, being overweight, and smoking are all risk factors that should be kept in check.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:\nThursday, July 18, 2013\nFirst Class of Peace Corps Global Health Service Partnership Volunteers Sworn In at the White House\nVolunteers prepare to leave for one-year assignments working as medical or nursing educators in Tanzania, Malawi and Uganda\nWASHINGTON, D.C. July 18, 2013 – Thirty U.S. doctors and nurses from across the country were sworn in at the White House today as the first class of Peace Corps Global Health Service Partnership volunteers. The new volunteers will leave this weekend for one-year assignments as medical or nursing educators in Tanzania, Malawi and Uganda, where they will work alongside local faculty to train the next generation of healthcare professionals.\n“These volunteers will soon depart for a ground-breaking adventure – an opportunity to make a real difference in communities abroad while enhancing their own skills,” Peace Corps Deputy Director Carrie Hessler-Radelet said. “The Global Health Service Partnership is an exciting continuation of the Peace Corps’ commitment to global health.”\nThe Global Health Service Partnership – a collaboration of the Peace Corps, the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), and the non-profit Seed Global Health – presents an opportunity for American physicians and nurses to make a real difference in communities abroad by helping to address the known shortage of skilled physicians, nurses and clinical faculty in resource-limited countries. This innovative public-private partnership represents the first organized effort by the Peace Corps to send U.S. healthcare professionals abroad with a focus on teaching and expanding clinical capacity.\n“Whether these volunteers serve in Tanzania, Malawi or Uganda, their work will help strengthen the capacity of health professionals and the capacity of health systems,” said Ambassador Eric P. Goosby, M.D., U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator. “Their contributions will help position partner countries to more effectively, efficiently, and sustainably address some of their greatest health challenges, including HIV/AIDS.”\nSub-Saharan Africa has the greatest shortage of physicians and nurses; the region has 24 percent of the global burden of disease but only three percent of the world’s health workforce. While the United States has 280 physicians and 980 nurses for every 100,000 people, countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, like Tanzania, have just one physician and 24 nurses for every 100,000 people.\n“We’re proud to be in this partnership that is sending an outstanding group of doctors and nurses abroad to help build a pipeline of medical professionals in the countries that need them most,” said Vanessa Kerry, M.D., Chief Executive Officer of SEED Global Health. “This effort will help ensure that more well-trained doctors and nurses will be walking the wards and caring for patients in hospitals and clinics in Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda for years to come.”\nThe inaugural group of Global Health Service Partnership volunteers comes from diverse backgrounds, with clinical experience extending from a few years to decades of experience. The doctors and nurses range in age from 26-70, include seven returned Peace Corps volunteers, and have collectively worked in more than 32 developing countries throughout the world.\nFifty-two years ago, President John F. Kennedy hosted a ceremony at the White House to swear in the first-ever class of Peace Corps Volunteers. While honoring that legacy, the Peace Corps takes a step forward in inaugurating the first volunteers of the Global Health Service Partnership program, one of several new and innovative Peace Corps initiatives that expand service opportunities and use 21st century tools to meet development goals.\nAbout the Peace Corps: Since President John F. Kennedy established the Peace Corps by executive order on March 1, 1961, more than 210,000 Americans have served in 139 host countries. Today, 8,073 volunteers are working with local communities in 76 host countries in agriculture, community economic development, education, environment, health and youth in development. Peace Corps volunteers must be U.S. citizens and at least 18 years of age. Peace Corps service is a 27-month commitment and the agency’s mission is to promote world peace and friendship and a better understanding between Americans and people of other countries. Visit www.peacecorps.gov for more information.\nAbout PEPFAR: The U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) is the U.S. Government initiative to help save the lives of people affected by HIV/AIDS around the world. PEPFAR is the largest commitment by any nation to combat a single disease internationally and PEPFAR investments also provide a platform for efforts to address other public health needs. PEPFAR is driven by a shared responsibility among donor and partner nations and others to make smart investments to save lives. For more information, visit www.pepfar.gov.\nAbout Seed Global Health: Seed Global Health is a non-profit whose mission is to strengthen health systems globally by partnering US physicians and nurses with local educators. Seed Global Health believes educational partnerships can rapidly increase the pool of providers and educators in countries where they are most needed. Committed to recruiting the best-qualified candidates, including those who may have financial constraints to service, Seed Global Health raises and disburses loan repayment and other appropriate stipends of support to individuals chosen for assignments abroad. Visit www.seedglobalhealth.org for more information.\n# # #", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The CIHI report, which covers 21 health system measurements in six\ndifferent clinical areas, employs a high and low rate indicator that\ntakes into consideration the size of the hospital (caseload), then\naffixes an \"adjusted rate\" to equalize the impact since the comparisons\nare based on either per 1,000 or per 100.\nSMH had a total inpatient load of 2,278 in this study period, staffed\n28 beds, and operating expenditures of $28.6 million. It is included\nwith other \"peer group\" \"small\" hospitals for comparison purposes.\nBelow are some highlights of the adjusted rates at SMH:\nC-sections: 32.7 per 100\nVBAC: 20 per 100\nCoronary Angio following AMI: 57 per 100\n28 day readmission - AMI: 20 per 100\n28 day readmission - Stroke: 11 per 100\n30 day mortality - AMI: 17 per 100\n30 day mortality - Stroke: 4 per 100\n30 day readmission - Medical: 12 per 100\n30 day readmission - Obstetrics: 1 per 100\n30 day readmission - Overall: 8 per 100\n30 day readmission - Surgical: 5 per 100\n30 day readmission - 19 and under: 3 per 100\nSMH spends eight per cent of its operating budget on administration\nincluding finance and human resources. And SMH's cost per weighted case\nIn January, SMH submitted a 368 page Pre Capital Schedule\nA report to the Central Local Health Integration Network\n(LHIN) laying out the justification for a multi-million expansion to\nthe Alliston hospital.\nConstructed in 1962 to serve about 7,000 people, it handles more than\n30,000 cases through its emergency department, which is about 4,000 sq.\nft in space.\n\"This is well less than half\nof documented hospital standard stated in the Hospital Service Needs\nand Capacity Planning report and creates heightened risks for infection\ncontrol, patient and staff safety, patient privacy, mobility access,\nfalls prevention and ambulance off-loading protocols,\" according to the\nsubmission's cover letter. \"The fact that the\nmain lobby, hospital registration desk, coffee shop, gift shop and\nentrance to the Hospital are now shared with the Emergency Department\ntriage area and waiting room is unacceptable. A recent Ministry of\nHealth review as well as a HIROC review of these facilities found code\nviolations and issues that constitute ever increasing risk factors for\nboth the Hospital and the Ministry.\"", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Medical insurance normally supplies very little protection for psychological health problems. Sites Like Betterhelp…\nIn fact, the overall cost of therapy is generally similar to the co-payment of a lot of insurance coverage strategies.\nThe cost for counseling ranges from $80 to $100 per week, depending on which plan you choose, and consists of limitless access to your counselor.\nFINDING THE RIGHT THERAPIST IS EASIER\nWith standard therapy, you might discover it difficult to find the ideal therapist, or any therapist, in your area.\nSeventy-seven percent (77%) of counties in the US have a serious lack of psychological healthcare workers.\nYou’ll likely be restricted to therapists in your insurance coverage company’s company network if you have psychological health insurance coverage.\nThey may decline new patients, may be booked for weeks beforehand, or may not be experienced in handling your problem.\nRegardless of how you locate a therapist, there is no assurance of finding a good match.\n‘s intake questionnaire matches you with a therapist who has the qualifications and proficiency you choose in a therapist, typically within 24 hr.\nIn addition, you can mention your choice concerning your therapist’s gender, age, language, sexual orientation, area of know-how, and more.\nAnd, if for any reason you are not pleased with your therapist, makes it easy for you to switch to a new one.\nThere’s no unpleasant separation with your existing therapist.\nAmong the first considerations you probably have when signing up for online treatment is how much it will cost you and if the platform will take insurance. It is essential to think about the logistics of taking on a brand-new weekly or monthly expenditure. Now let’s explore what is, how it works, and what you can anticipate it to cost. We’ll talk about whether insurance coverage will play a role in settling the cost of our online treatment sessions and answer other payment-related concerns.\nAnd since lots of standard therapy sessions are partially covered by insurance, it’s definitely logical to question, “Does insurance cover therapy?” or “Does take insurance?” Before diving into the answer to this question, we genuinely think is an economical, life-changing alternative for those who want to transform their mental health for the better.\nis the world’s biggest online therapy platform. This therapy service provides a lineup of over 23,000 board-certified and licensed suppliers and therapists offered to you. is designed to be an economical, convenient, and discrete online platform.\nPeople often ask these concerns about seeking services:\nIs it difficult to cancel?\nIs a genuine therapist?\nAll our service needs is a quick sign-up questionnaire and a monthly membership strategy.\nCan You Get Identified On?\nMany people seek out therapy due to the fact that they are concerned that they may be coping with a mental illness, like depression or an anxiety disorder. If this is the case, you may be questioning if you can get diagnosed by a therapist.\nWhile our therapists are equipped to help you with a large selection of mental health disorders (and a lot of them are qualified to detect), they are not allowed by to diagnose mental disorders on the platform. Their restriction from clinically detecting likewise suggests they can not prescribe medications for any mental health or substance utilize disorders.\nTo numerous, among the most intimidating parts of starting therapy is discovering a therapist. There are thousands of therapists to pick from, but most people don’t understand how to start limiting the list or even producing a list in the first place.\nFor those searching for a simpler and more personal method to match with a therapist, the online treatment provider might be a good alternative. Online therapy has become more popular than ever since the COVID-19 pandemic, and has been a typical method to find a licensed therapist.\nis not covered by insurance coverage, but your insurance provider may still repay you. And even if you are unable to be compensated, is still one of the more budget friendly alternatives for treatment.\nis a membership service that costs $60 to $90 a week (billed every 4 weeks), which indicates you can expect to be billed $240 to $360 a month. The specific service price depends upon your place, therapist preference, and therapist accessibility.\nYou can cancel your subscription at any time.\nFor those who can not pay this fee, financial aid might be available. You can contact the group to find out more about payment alternatives.\nThere are a few methods to get more details about psychological health protection.\nYou can go directly to your health insurance business’s website and log in. On the website, you need to have the ability to gain access to info about what your medical insurance plan covers and what kind of costs you can anticipate for therapy, such as a copay.\nIf you want to talk to someone straight, you can always call the toll-free number on the back of your insurance card. In this manner, you can get the most precise details about whether you’ll have the ability to have actually therapeutic services covered, what you need to do to have them covered, and what out-of-pocket costs you ought to anticipate.\nLastly, if you’re guaranteed through your company, you can also call your company’s human resources (HR) department straight for more details on what psychological health services your plan uses.\nWith online therapy platforms, you can find effective options for handy treatment by matching with a certified psychological health professional. Embellished, budget friendly treatment can be right at your fingertips– from the personal privacy of your own house or wherever you feel comfy. While online therapy is often covered by insurance coverage, it isn’t always. You may feel overwhelmed by navigating the world of coverage and online therapy, but you shouldn’t. Continue reading for a summary and suggestions about insurance coverage of therapy insurance coverage of therapy and online treatment.\ndeals cost effective rates alternatives for therapy with licensed mental health companies.\nThough protection for therapy and other mental health services generally differs based upon the health insurance service provider and private strategy, is not covered by a lot of plans. Contacting your health insurance company is the best way to learn about your coverage.\nIn general, uses inexpensive rates that may be equivalent with the co-payments needed by most insurance coverage plans.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "05 Oct Occipital Nerve Blocks | Charleston, SC\nTherapeutic pain blocks can be crucial to patients suffering from severe or chronic pain. Occipital nerve blocks are used to treat chronic and cluster headaches and migraines. It involves injecting a steroid and local anesthetic into the occipital nerves at the back of the head.\nWhat to Expect\nWhen you come in for your appointment, expect to spend a short amount of time. The injection itself takes just a few minutes and is done without sedation. A local anesthetic may be applied to prevent any discomfort during the procedure.\nYou’ll be asked to lie down for the procedure. A fine needle is inserted just above the occipital nerve, which is located at the back of the head, near the neck. A steroid medication is injected. This will help reduce inflammation and block pain signals, reducing or eliminating headache pain. You may feel as if the side of your head has gone “numb.”\nWho Shouldn’t have an Occipital Nerve Block?\nPatients who are allergic to any of the medications to be injected, who have poorly controlled diabetes or heart conditions, or who have an active infection should not have the procedure. Also, patients who are on blood thinners should discuss the procedure with their doctor before proceeding.\nHow Long Does the Block Take to Work?\nThe full degree of pain relief may be apparent within minutes or take up to a full day to develop. The block works differently for everyone, and it’s impossible to tell whether the pain relief will last or how effective the injection will be. If the pain relief is significant, your physician may suggest repeating the procedure to prolong its effectiveness.\nFollowing the procedure, patients should be alert for changes in mood, sensory abnormalities, swelling or discoloration of the injection site, or a reaction to the anesthesia which can include nausea and chest discomfort. Talk to your doctor about any adverse effects you experience.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Urology provides diagnostic, treatment and surgical services to patients with disorders of the urologic and reproductive systems. The urodynamics and incontinence program at Temple Community Hospital provides patients with the most advanced therapies to correct both common and complex problems in men and women.\nTo learn more about our Incontinence Program, please provide the following information:\n***** All fields with an * are required *****\nComments to [email protected]\nPH: (213) 382-7252\n© 2002 All Rights Reserved.\nTemple Community Hospital, 235 N. Hoover St., Los Angeles, CA 90004", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Dr. Damper completed his fellowship at the Non-Surgical Orthopedic Institute in Marietta, GA and specializes in Interventional Spine and Pain management. He is passionate about the holistic and multi-system approach to evaluating, diagnosing and treating patients. His enhanced foundations of osteopathic training were focusing on treating the entire person, not just symptoms and he believes focusing on the mind, body and spirit relationship to enable the body to heal itself. Dr. Damper and his practice will construct and communicate clear diagnoses and treatment plans for every patient under his care.\nWalter Calvin Damper, DO, is an interventional spine, pain and sport specialist. Dr. Damper has a special interest in the treatment of nonsurgical care for his patients which would incorporate interventional treatments, electro diagnostic studies, osteopathic manipulation therapies and rehabilitations. He enjoys helping patients during their healing process from complex spinal, musculoskeletal and sports injuries. With innovative treatments, he brings a strong passion to help patients get back to enjoying their daily activities.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Study: Vitamin C May Fight Cancer\nLab Tests Show Possible Effect From IV Doses; More Work Needed\nVitamin C Safety Trial Under Way\nVitamin C was only tested on human cells -- not people -- in this study. But vitamin C is being tested in people in a new project.\n\"Because IV ascorbate is easily available to people who seek it, a phase 1 safety trial in patients with advanced cancer is justified and underway,\" write Levine and colleagues.\nThat trial will see if intravenous vitamin C is safe for people, Levine explains. Tests on animals will be done to see if it truly fights cancer.\n\"If there is something useful, that will be absolutely wonderful for patients. If it turns out that the mechanisms do not hold up in animals in vivo, then maybe we will say that there is no point to do IV ascorbate,\" says Levine.\nHe notes that some complementary and alternative medicine practitioners worldwide use intravenous vitamin C for cancer treatment.\nNew Twist on an Old Theory\nThe idea that vitamin C might protect against cancer is more than half a century old and has been \"colorful and emotionally charged,\" says Levine.\nThe theory was discarded 20 years ago by many scientists when other researchers found no benefit in giving vitamin C to patients with advanced cancer. In that study, vitamin C was given orally, not intravenously, notes Levine.\nScientists may not have considered that injected vitamin C might work differently than oral vitamin C, Levine explains.\nLevine's team didn't start by studying vitamin C and cancer. Instead, they were probing nutrition and vitamin recommendations in healthy people.\nNormally, the body tightly controls vitamin C taken by mouth. It quickly gets rid of too much vitamin C. Injected vitamin C bypasses those controls, says Levine.\n\"I realized that concentrations given intravenously at higher doses could be much higher than could ever be achieved by mouth,\" he says. \"This is not nutrition use of ascorbic acid. This is potential use of ascorbic acid as a drug, and it must be said, it's not ready for prime time.\"\nScience has a lot to sort out about vitamin C and cancer. Meanwhile, Levine recommends eating your fruits and vegetables. These include orange and grapefruit juice and fruits, raw red peppers, strawberries, and broccoli.\n\"Independent of this work, our recommendations are to consume vitamin C through foods and eat at least five varied fruits and vegetables a day,\" he says.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Worried about money??\nAre you in pain but do not have any insurance and are afraid how much the doctor will cost???\nI completely understand and hope this bit of information will help. Many people will go to their MD due to pain and in 99% of those cases they will leave his/her office with nothing more than a pain killer, muscle relaxer, or anti-inflammatory prescription. They will be told to come back in two weeks if that does not help. In two weeks they will be told to get an MRI or X-ray and to start physical therapy. The cost for these prescriptions, office visits and tests could be easily over $1000 and unfortunately the patient is still in a lot of pain.\nHERE IS A BETTER CHOICE.\nTalk to your friends, family and/or co-worker and find a chiropractor that they recommend. Call the chiropractic office and ask what their fee is for a patient with no insurance. Most chiropractors will be less than $100 for the first visit which will include consultation, exam, x-ray and if warranted a chiropractic adjustment. 90% of the time depending on the problem the patient will be feeling a little if not a lot better when they leave the office after that first visit. The doctor will want to see the patient again and give them a care plan to fully resolve the condition. In my office as in most I can fully relieve a patients pain for less than $350-500 which includes consultation, exam, x-rays and adjustments. I can do this in less than a month in most cases.\nWhat a savings!!! Not only does the patient feel better, but they have avoided dangerous medication and unnecessary tests. They have not missed much work if any and they are truly healthier and at less risk of re-injuring their body.\nMy name is Daniel S. Gordon and I am a chiropractor in West Bloomfield, MI. Do not misunderstand my blog. I am not against modern medicine in any way, I just want people to know that not only can chiropractic help them get out of pain and fix their condition better than pills but it can save them a lot of time and money.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Therapists for Personality Disorders in South Africa\nWe found 233 therapists for you.\nIndividual, couple and family therapy for various psychological and psychiatric conditions, as well as scholastic assessments and career assessments.\nI am a licensed counselling psychologist, registered with the HPCSA. I work in an insight-oriented and solutions-oriented approach to managing difficulties relating to depression,...\nI offer a journey, a conversation, to take you to profound personal growth, and sometimes, to a place of healing.\nNicolas van Zyl\nClinical Psychologist Specializing in adult individual, family, couples and divorce mediation.\nRegistered (Counselling) Psychologist working from a private practice in Malvern, Queensburgh. I presently work with a wide array of problems in my private practice ranging from...\nNicola de Kock\nI offer short and long-term therapy to adults and adolescents and aim to provide a confidential, non-judgemental, collaborative and at times gently challenging therapeutic space.\nI am a registered Clinical Psychologist and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapist in private practice in Morningside, Sandton.\nGarth Newman is a clinical psychologist with years of experience working with children, adolescents and their families at the Child and Family Unit of Lentegeur Hospital. His work...\nCaroline Phofi a social worker in private practice runs a psychosocial Services counseling/education platform focusing counselling, trauma debriefing and emotional containment,...\nPsychologist in the West Rand and Lenasia areas. Consults with all age groups. Special interest in self development and school assessments.\nI am a Counselling Psychologist who enjoys working with teens and adults. I have worked in many different settings and with a wide variety of people.\nI am a solution focused therapist who has worked in many areas, I believe in maximising an individuals potential in getting them to where they would like to be.\nDr Ravi Govender\nI am a psychiatrist with practices in Tamboerskloof and Durbanville. I have an interest in Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Adult Attention Deficit Disorder and...\nIndividual and couples therapy with adults and adolescents. Both short and long-term psychotherapy\nI provide short and long term therapy to children, adolescents and adults in a warm, non-judgemental and safe space.\nRina van der Watt\nOur assessment and remedial therapy centre assists kids, parents, caretakers and teachers to address special learning needs. We also diagnose disorders such as autism and ADHD....\nI am a clinical psychologist offering long- and short-term psychotherapy to adults. I aim to provide a safe, non-judgemental and empathic environment in which to explore and...\nMichelle Joanne Andrews\nI use an integrative approach tailoring my therapeutic model to you unique needs.\nThe collaborative therapeutic relationship can be a successful vehicle for change.\nI am a Clinical Psychologist practicing in Illovo, Sandton. I specialise in couples’ counselling and life coaching, and work with individuals, couples and families from within a...\nDr Laura Comrie\nI am a Sandton -based Clinical Psychologist offering Psychotherapy to individuals and couples. My goal as a therapist is to help you gain understanding of issues and well-being.\nCounselling Psychologist focussing on both individual and family counselling, as well Equine Therapy for both individuals (adults, teenagers and children), and families/groups,...\nI am a Clinical Psychologist registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa and the Board of Health Funders. I offer a personalized short or long term treatment...\nNorthcliff Clinical Psychologist offering short, medium and long term psychotherapy for a range of psychiatric conditions including depression, anxiety, eating disorders etc.\nI am a clinical psychologist registered with the Health Professions Counsel of South Africa and work from my private practice in Morningside, Durban. I provide psychological...\nSino Nocwaka C. Klaas\nI work with children, adolescents and adults, as well couples and families. I provide a safe and non-judgmental space for my clients to explore their inner worlds.\nI am a clinical psychologist practicing in Bedfordview. I offer therapy to children, teens and adults. I also work with parents in order to help them develop closer relationships...\nClaudia Correia Marques\nClaudia Marques a clinical psychologist with 5 years experience in the field of psychology. She specializes in adult and adolescent individual and couple psychotherapy. Her areas...\nCurrently I am working at Riverview Manor Specialist Clinic as part of a multidisciplinary team. Riverview Manor offers an evidence based therapeutic program which incorporates the...\nGlynne Zackon is a clinical counselling social worker based in Johannesburg Gauteng. Glynne has had an illustrious career in therapy and has been in the industry for 24 years!...\nPhilip Van Rensburg\nI am a registered Clinical Psychologist (HPCSA: PS0128775; PRACTICE NO: 0636908) and offer a wide range of psychological services.\nI strive to provide high-quality psychological...\nI aim to work collaboratively with my clients to find a good fit between your goals for therapy whilst being mindful of the real-life constraints\nAddiction, Alcoholism, Schizophrenia, Bipolar Affective Disorder, Depression, Adult mental health issues.\nI provide Psychotherapy and Psychological Assessment Services to Children, Adolescents, and Adults in both Claremont and Plattekloof, Cape Town.\nI'm Natasha Reddy, a registered Counselling Psychologist practicing on the East Rand of Johannesburg. I consider myself a generalist and value working with all kinds of clients.\nLydia van Niekerk\nSpecial interests in trauma, mood disorders, anxiety and chronic pain management.\nAngela Cotterell has a Masters degree in Clinical Psychology (University of Stellenbosch, 2005) and is registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa. She currently...\nUsing Brain Working Recursive therapy to treat Panic, Anxiety, Phobias, Mild Depression, Self esteem issues, Trauma and Sexual Abuse in as little as 2 or 3 sessions (or as...", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "How many times have you had to tap on your horn to get a senior driver in front of you to go a little faster? And have you ever felt the urge to help out an elderly woman with her shopping at a local grocery store? If your response was positive for both questions, then you have positively contributed to some of the problems facing the senior folk in the society.\nProblems that come with age\nAging comes with numerous challenges. Oftentimes, the seniors struggle to get by all sorts of stereotypes every day. You, for instance, may have felt the empathy to help an old woman get her shopping to a parked car nearby because it appeared she was unable to do it. The slow driver on the road was apparently guilty of excessive old age caution according to you.\nCertainly, one of the most common challenges faced by the elderly is diminished physical ability. As you grow older you begin to realize you can no longer keep up with some of the activities that used to be mere pieces of cake only a few years ago.\nEven worse is the age discrimination and stereotypes levelled against the elderly. Sometimes people assume so much about the aged. While in the past they would be consulted and given high regard as being vastly knowledgeable and full of experience, today’s societies often stress more on the insomnia that is characteristic of old age and regard the old folk as less capable.\nLoss of memory is a real challenge affecting people as they grow old and as such they need help. In such conditions, these people lose their independence.\nThis is ordinarily the process or condition of deterioration that comes with age. The body cells generally lose their power of division and associated growth. As a result, the body begins to experience diminishing conditions. Senescence includes biological, intellectual, emotional, spiritual and social changes associated with age.\nThis is perhaps one of the most inescapable of old age challenges. It is the medical condition characterized by the bones becoming brittle and fragile as they lose tissue. It results from hormonal changes in the body. Calcium or vitamin D deficiency are the other typical causes of osteoporosis.\nPatients with osteoporosis usually suffer from reduced mobility and inability to perform certain basic tasks that do not ordinarily require the help of another person. As patients of osteoporosis grow older, they become not only less mobile but also potentially disabled particularly if they get fractured from a fall or if their vertebral bodies collapse.\nIn the US, it is estimated by the National Osteoporosis Foundation that 54 million Americans above 50 years of age are affected by the problem of low bone mass. This puts them at the risk of fracturing or breaking from simple accidents.\nThere’s Light at The End of the Tunnel\nIt is these kinds of challenges faced by people on a daily basis that have inspired the creation of Sockee, a revolutionary solution that helps everyone with mobility issues. With it, the elderly do not need anyone to help them out with the simple tasks such as putting on their socks particularly in the morning when the back is unusually stiff and sore.\nThe feeling of having a newborn baby can be both euphoric and overwhelming. For a mommy who has delivered her baby through caesarean operation, it is apparent that you will be recovering from a major abdominal surgery. At the same time, you will be handling typical postnatal issues like mood swings, engorged breasts, and vaginal discharge.\nYou should also be prepared for the baby blues. These are a mild form of depression that affects as many as 70 to 80 percent of new mums. The blues usually begins on the third or the fourth day after birth. They are as a result of hormonal change reactions the body experiences following the birth.\nThe period after a caesarean surgery requires a certain level of care to experience a quick and smooth recovery process.\nJust like in any surgery, you are likely to experience some physical pain. You may feel for instance that you cannot do anything by yourself. Even small movements may become difficult and cause throbbing spasms. At this time, you may find it hard to shift on bed and moving up may require something hold on to, or someone to help out.\nIt will hurt when you laugh, and you may feel scissoring sensations when you cough. Some simple acts will make the laugh and cough experience a little more bearable, such as supporting your wound with a pillow or your hands.\nWhat you can do to ease the discomfort and aid your recovery\nWear cotton underwear and loose clothes. Wearing knickers of a size bigger than your normal one will be a good idea. Boxer shorts or special knickers prepared from stretchy gauze that allow quality space over your scar will help ease the pain. The National Childbirth Trust (NCT) have some designed for this purpose.\nYou will also need a proper, well-balanced diet. A recovering body needs vitamins and enhanced immunity. Eat as soon as you feel hungry and drink immediately you feel thirsty.\nTake plenty of water and supply your diet with a lot of fiber-rich foods to help prevent constipation. Be sure to get peppermint water from your nurses to soothe the pain caused by trapped wind associated with surgery.\nMonitor your wound for any suspicious signs of infection. Watch out for discharge, extra soreness or redness. Alert your doctor or midwife as soon as you spot any of these signs.\nKeep your wound clean by washing and drying as directed daily. You can shower or take a bath and use soap on it as long as you rinse it off. Gently pat dry your wound with a clean towel.\nCorrect your posture by avoiding hunching or bending as these may cause backache. Try to observe an upright posture when sitting and when standing. Look for help on any incidences that could force you to bend. You may consider wearing slip-ons that do not require a lot of effort to put on the feet. Also, if you want to wear socks, use Sockee to wear and remove them. This revolutionary new solution will enable you to wear your socks with your back in its recommended upright posture.\nHip replacement surgery is a life changing step. And as with any major surgery, you will need adequate preparation both physically and psychologically. You will need the moral and material support of your family.\nSuch procedures impact not just the person undergoing them but the people around as well. Your friends and family must be concerned about how it will be after you are operated on. They need to be prepared as well before you undergo the actual procedure. They will also be in a better position to support you if they have sufficient preparation.\nMost of all, the physical condition of your house and the entire homestead may determine just how fast you recuperate. Hip replacement surgery is hardly ever an emergency. So you will often have adequate time to contemplate the situation as it is to be after your surgery. Keep in mind that you will not be as briskly in motion as you currently are, at least not for a while after the surgery.\nTake the time to prepare your house to its optimum before you undertake the procedure. These preparations may help speed your recovery after your surgery. A suitable environment will also reduce your stress levels during your recovery.\nExamine the surrounding by taking a walk around the house, looking for potential problems. Be sure to identify risky areas.\nHip replacement operation\nThe hip replacement surgery is a procedure that involves surgically removing a painful hip joint affected by arthritis and replacing it with an artificial joint. The artificial hip joint is often made from plastic and metal components. The procedure is usually done as a last resort when all other options of treatment have failed to provide sufficient relief from pain.\nThe surgery can be performed in two different approaches. The doctor can follow the traditional approach or use a minimally-invasive technique. The key difference between these two procedures is the extent of the incision.\nPre-surgery steps to take for safety and convenience after surgery\nYou will be taking the hip replacement surgery to enjoy a pain-free experience that comes after acquiring your new arthritis free hip.\nBegin by the simple things: remove any rugs and small items from the floor. You will need free movement around as you recover. Also, ensure you tape down any electrical cords and wires that might cause injury.\nRearrange your furniture to leave wider pathways that will conveniently accommodate crutches, a wheelchair or walker. Set up your bedroom on the ground floor for stress-free access. You may have to learn the art of climbing up and down any stairs afresh.\nEnsure you have all the things you frequently use on lower shelves and within arm’s reach.\nBuy and install an elevated toilet seat if you don’t already have one.\nPrepare a place where you will spend most of your time. Allocate an appropriate chair with a phone, remote control, TV and reading materials in place.\nThe idea is to reduce any movements that might expose you to the risk of hurting your recuperating hip. Minimize all movements that involve bending. Find alternatives to necessities that may force you to bend, such as wearing shoes and socks. Buy Sockee to use when putting on taking off your socks without any help. This revolutionary solution is designed to improve the lives of everyone with motion problems.\nOur lifestyles today expose us to a number of problems. One common lifestyle related problem today is low back pain. When such pain on the lumbar region is experienced for long, it is then considered chronic. The problem can appear as bone pain, pain in the nerves or muscle pain.\nBack pain is prevalent in various continents with the United States stats indicating that at least 31 million Americans experience low back pain at any particular time. And is a major cause of absenteeism from in many countries.\nCauses of Chronic back pain\nSeveral factors may cause chronic low back pain. Injuries from sports are a major culprit. But this only affects a small group of people, the sports community across the world. Ironically, this group is only affected during the period of injury, after which they recover perfectly and keep on with their sporting life.\nThere are however millions of people who are not involved in strenuous physical tasks that are serious victims of chronic back pain. The sedentary life that people live today is a primary cause of the pain. While the human body structure is designed to shift from one thing to another, remaining stationary for a long time at the same position puts a lot of pressure on the back and eventually makes it start to ache.\nPeople who spend their professional lives on the computer are at a greater danger. They are more disposed to slouch over the machines and may not realize that the posture is hurting their spine. With time, they may start complaining of back issues that gradually become serious back pain.\nOther factors that increase the risk of chronic back pain include obesity, emotional and psychological stress, inactivity and poor physical conditioning. Hidden diseases such as osteoporosis have also been identified as serious causes of back pain. This problem becomes one way through which the silent diseases become noticeable.\nRelief from chronic back pain\nThe fortunate thing about back pain is that it can always disappear in a couple of days or weeks and may not stay for long. But when it takes longer- say three months or more to heal by itself then it cannot be taken lightly. Prescription drugs are normally administered for such patients of chronic back pain.\nThese drugs have however received their share of criticisms. They are said to be saddled with severe side effects that may be life-threatening. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are argued to put the patient at risk of stroke, heart attack and a good many other dangers, yet they are some of the most commonly prescribed painkillers in the market.\nThere are a lot of safe and utterly effective alternatives to prescription drugs that you should consider. You may need a little patience with some of them, but they pay off as the results are lasting and dependable.\nThese alternatives include massage, chiropractic care, yoga, Neuro-Structural Integration Technique (NST). And physical exercises for back pain.\nSome healthcare providers will often recommend bed rest as therapy for back pain. But most of the chronic cases are majorly caused by a sedentary lifestyle. The best solution should be one that counters that lifestyle and keeps you on the move.\nWhile at it, ensure you take all precaution and avoid any circumstances and activities that may exert pressure on your back. There are obviously some basics activities that are dependent on the same aching back. A major example is wearing and taking off your socks. There’s just no way to do it without bending over. Not anymore…you can now avoid that too. Just get yourself the new innovative solution, Sockee, and avoid bending while wearing your socks.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Beginning Monday, May 11, the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) recommends:\n“…oral health providers resume provision of routine oral and dental care [while] minimizing the risk of transmission of COVID-19.”\nWe at Creekside Dental are excited that we are now able to care for all our patients, especially those who have had to forego dental care, which may cause their oral health to deteriorate.\nThe IDPH’s Announcement states, in part, that “…there is a need for a plan to resume safe and routine oral and dental treatment as continued delay in the delivery of time-sensitive, disease treating, oral and dental care may result in an over-reliance on antibiotics and analgesics to manage oral health pathologies, patient complications, poorer prognoses, as well as the need for more complex and costly corrective oral and dental care.”\nToward ensuring everyone’s safety, we have increased our infection control protocols. Upon your next visit, you will notice:\n- More plastic barriers\n- Personal protective equipment (PPE)\n- HEPA air purifiers in each treatment room.\nWe have also installed a central U.V. light air purifier. According to social distancing guidelines, we are managing the number of patients in our reception area.\n“Oral health providers should continue to counsel their patients and communities on the primary prevention of oral disease to lessen the progression of pathologies.\nTo yield good procedural outcomes, oral health providers should consider their patient’s healthcare needs, assess the risks and benefits of any procedures, and appropriately screen patients for COVID-19.”\nIf you have questions or concerns, please contact us. We are here to support you during these times, and wish you good oral and overall health!\nWilliam L. McCune B.S., D.D.S., General Dentist 135 N. Arlington Heights Rd., Suite 185, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089\nTo take advantage of our special offers\nor fill out the online form to", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Genetic Counseling Programs\nFamGenix Free for Genetic Counseling Programs\nProvide your students with our next-generation pedigree tools for free.\nGenetic counseling students can access the FamGenix Platform for free.\nFamGenix is partnering with genetic counseling programs to empower their students with the latest software tools to gather family history and assess hereditary risk more efficiently. Our platform assists students in learning and engaging with patients or research participants following an easy and time-saving workflow.\nLearn by using the latest pedigree and risk assessment tools.\n- Fast and easy pedigree maker with built-in medical ontology to enter any condition or gene\n- Mobile-friendly patient health history collection with unique family sharing features\n- Auto-identifies high-risk patients based on NCCN and ACMG/NSGC guidelines\n- Built-in cancer risk assessment models, including BOADICEA, Tyrer-Cuzick v8 (IBIS), BayesMendel, Gail and Claus\n- Track additional patient health, demographic or lifestyle data", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Perhaps it’s dependency. Perhaps it’s not. We could assist you figure things out. Our personal phone-based or in-person assessment process will determine whether addiction rehab makes good sense for you– as well as, if so, what kind.\nWhere To Locate The Most Effective Adolescent Medication Rehab Programs That Will Help You in Emmetsburg\nIf several, complicated issues are entailed, we might advise a domestic assessment so our medical professionals could discover more about your circumstance as well as figure out the most effective strategy. Our approach equips youngsters to recognize the unfavorable consequences of utilizing alcohol and various other drugs. We work carefully in order to help teens discover how you can make better choices, begin a program of recuperation and also maintain sobriety.\nWhat You Must Learn about Inpatient Medicine Rehab For Adolescent Teens\nTeens and young grownups may have different treatment needs compared to older substance abusers, and lots of in this population may not see the need for treatment on their own. Privacy regarding drug abuse and denial could be common in young compound abusers, and also commonly therapy might originally be sought for them by their moms and dads or guardians. Age-specific and also specialty programs accommodating young adults and young adults might be beneficial in minimizing problematic medication or alcohol usage along with improving addiction healing around 50536.\nCan You Anticipate Chemical Abuse Rehab For Teens To Aid in Emmetsburg\nTechniques that have been scientifically examined as well as have proof to support their usage are usually called research-based treatments. These treatments incorporate scientific evidence and also the understanding as well as personal experiences of a treatment company. While a number of the very same therapy models that are made use of for grownups may be utilized during drug rehabilitation for a teenager or young grown-up, a few of the specifics of the program may differ to address the one-of-a-kind scenarios of this populace.\nAs parents watch the problem unfold when their teenager comes to be self-destructive, they wonder how they will ever reconnect with the kid or daughter that they fear they are losing. It is one of the most powerless, helpless feeling worldwide, as well as it could overwhelm a whole family with unthinkable discomfort, mayhem, as well as misery.\nThe best ways to Control Your Future and Also Get Rid Of The Manacles of Dependency\nLife-controlling troubles of teens are not limited to medications or alcohol. Much of them fight with the particles of separation, have experienced traumas like sex-related assault or physical violence, intimidation, peer stress, and awkwardness that goes along with the challenges of expanding up.\nSuitable assessment of teenager behavior is important because the line between regular and undesirable actions could be tough for parents to recognize. Because lots of treatment programs concentrate on obtaining teenagers to approve that they have a drug trouble, it is essential to figure out first whether that is genuinely the situation.\nHeroin, long thought about one of one of the most dangerous entertainment medications, is a semi-synthetic opioid, not unlike several of the generally made use of prescription pain relievers. It was manufactured in 1874 as well as made use of for many years in hospital settings. Soon sufficient, medicine dealers started offering unclean dosages to individuals searching for a fix, and also heroin mixed a nationwide problem of addiction as well as overdose.\nSearch For Drug and Alcohol Rehab Centers For Adolescent Teenagers In Your Area\nRoughly 23% of adolescents utilizing heroin will certainly create a dependency, and also 75% of heroin individuals were linkeded on opioid painkillers before switching to heroin. Heroin impacts the brain likewise, as well as is really more affordable than many prescription opioids– it’s even being sold in tablet form currently on the roads and about senior high schools. If your child is hooked on painkillers, it’s crucial to resolve their trouble before they turn to heroin or various other immoral drugs.Iowa", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "What is Psychotherapy?\nPsychotherapy is an invitation offered by a trained psychotherapists to aid clients in reaching their full potential. Psychotherapy includes techniques to increase awareness, within your choices of thought, feeling or action. Psychotherapy can increase the sense of well-being and can better manage discomfort or distress. Psychotherapy can help you to deal with behavioral or emotional problems and psychological reactions to life events.\nTypes of Psychotherapy\nThis is the traditional talk therapy, where by gaining insight (understanding) from your past and childhood, you can modify how you feel. Types include Freudian, and Jungian therapy. It is extremely useful in treating depression, anxiety, trauma and self-exploration.\nCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)\nCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that helps people change how they think, feel, or act in order to improve their mood, reduce stress, or achieve other important health and life goals. Some goals may be specific, such as reducing worrying or procrastination, whereas others can be more general, such as figuring out why one’s life seems to lack meaning, passion or direction, and figuring out what to do about it.\nThere are three parts to CBT:\n- How you think (cognitive) can and does change your behavior\n- The way you think may be monitored and altered\n- The desired behavior change may be affected through changes in the way you think.\n“Cognitive Behavior Therapy is focused on the present rather than the past,” said Deanna Barch, Ph.D., an associate professor of psychology in Arts & Sciences at Washington University and supervisor of the social anxieties group therapy project.\n“It’s focused on the kinds of thoughts, beliefs, ideas that people have currently and how that influences their emotions and behaviors. It also focuses on what behaviors you are actually engaging in and not engaging in at the moment, in the here-and-now.”\nThe Cognitive Model\nThis therapy focuses around a cognitive model, which states that individual’s perceptions are where problems lie. The notion of the cognitive model is that these perceptions influence the way people think and behave. According to this model, a patient’s symptoms stem from distorted perceptions about themselves and the world around them. When an individual’s perceptions and basic understanding of the world around them are distorted, it creates distress and anxiety. The cognitive model aims to realign the individuals’ perceptions with reality by helping individuals learn how to recognize distorted thoughts and beliefs and then modify them to better represent reality. When the individuals begin to have more realistic thoughts, their symptoms tend to be become less severe, and, in many cases, go away.\nCognitive Therapy Goals\nThe goal of cognitive therapy is to identify what exactly is causing the patient distress. Then, working from there, the therapist can create a treatment plan to help alleviate, and ideally ultimately extinguish the symptoms. In treatment, the therapist tends to begin by identifying the patient’s assumptions about themselves and the world around them, and seeing how these thoughts are causing negative emotions and behaviors. The therapist then looks for information that can counteract these negative assumptions, slowly showing the patient how to modify their negative assumptions.\nCognitive Therapy in Practice\nAn example of a patient and therapist in cognitive therapy: A student receives a D grade on a test, and takes that information and begins to think, “I’m a terrible student”. The student then focuses on that negative idea, which leads to negative emotions, perhaps frustration, hopelessness, and despair. The individual begins to truly believe that they are a terrible student because of this one test grade. Because of these thoughts and feelings, the student may begin to exhibit behaviors that reinforce her perception of being a bad student, such as choosing not to participate in class discussions, answer questions, try for extra credit, etc. The individual will then, inadvertently, start to exhibit behaviors of a “bad student” because of this. However, the irony is that what is making the individual a bad student is her own thoughts and emotions of believing that she is a bad student. A therapist working with this individual will help her realize that it is her own perceptions of herself that is causing her to feel like she is a bad student, rather than her actually being a bad student. The reality of the situation is that this individual received one bad grade, and although she has created a world for herself in which this makes her a bad student, in reality, she is not.\nBelow is the Chinese character meaning “to listen”. The character embodies the essential aspects necessary to listen completely. You can capture the full spirit of listening when you give your ears, eyes, undivided attention, and heart. Listening is the most important part of therapy.\n“The most basic of all human needs is the need to understand and be understood. The best way to understand people is to listen to them.”\n— Ralph Nichols", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "BTX-A is now a common treatment for muscles affected by the upper motor neuron syndrome (UMNS), such as cerebral palsy, for muscles with an impaired ability to effectively lengthen. Muscles affected by UMNS frequently are limited by weakness, loss of reciprocal inhibition, decreased movement control and hypertonicity (including spasticity). In January 2014, Botulinum toxin was approved by UK's Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) for the treatment of ankle disability due to lower limb spasticity associated with stroke in adults. Joint motion may be restricted by severe muscle imbalance related to the syndrome, when some muscles are markedly hypertonic, and lack effective active lengthening. Injecting an overactive muscle to decrease its level of contraction can allow improved reciprocal motion, so improved ability to move and exercise.\nBOTOX® can be used on the forehead lines, frown lines, crow’s feet, bunny lines (lines in the nose), chin (for dimpling), skin bands on the neck, and around the mouth (for smoker’s lines and down-turned corners of the mouth). Wrinkles caused by sun damage and gravity often will not respond to BOTOX®. It is important to re-emphasize that BOTOX® is NOT a facial filler (that is, it does not fill existing wrinkles) – it merely relaxes the muscles that are creating those wrinkles.\nBotox stays only where injected, it does not roam through the body. \"If I inject it in your face, it's not going to work [or show up in] your toe,\" says Rowe. \"It does not have a systemic effect.\" However, it may migrate up to 3 cm from where it was injected. But even if some molecules were to go into the bloodstream and travel to distant sites in the body, the cosmetic doses (typically less than 100 units) used are significantly lower than the toxic dose that would be harmful systemically (2,500-3,000 units).\nBesides the volume of product used, Baby Botox is about the technique, says Doris Day, a board-certified dermatologist in New York City and author of Beyond Beautiful. \"If you're very precise in where you put the product, you can use lower doses,\" she tells Allure. These super targeted micro injections deliver the more natural, tailored look Baby Botox is so coveted for.\nAllergan says Botox is well established as a drug and that the benefits and risks of toxins are well understood. \"With more than 25 years of real-world clinical experience ... approximately 3,200 articles in scientific and medical journals, marketing authorizations in more than 90 markets and many different indications, Botox and Botox Cosmetic are [among] the most widely researched medicines in the world,\" an Allergan rep wrote in an emailed statement.\nA placebo-controlled, double-blind post-approval 52 week study with BOTOX 100 Units (Study NDO-3) was conducted in non-catheterizing MS patients with urinary incontinence due to detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition. Catheterization for urinary retention was initiated in 15.2% (10/66) of patients following treatment with BOTOX 100 Units versus 2.6% (2/78) on placebo at any time during the complete treatment cycle. The median duration of post-injection catheterization for those who developed urinary retention was 64 days for BOTOX 100 Units and 2 days for placebo.\nOphthalmologists specializing in eye muscle disorders (strabismus) had developed the method of EMG-guided injection (using the electromyogram, the electrical signal from an activated muscle, to guide injection) of local anesthetics as a diagnostic technique for evaluating an individual muscle’s contribution to an eye movement. Because strabismus surgery frequently needed repeating, a search was undertaken for non-surgical, injection treatments using various anesthetics, alcohols, enzymes, enzyme blockers, and snake neurotoxins. Finally, inspired by Daniel Drachman’s work with chicks at Johns Hopkins, Alan B Scott and colleagues injected botulinum toxin into monkey extraocular muscles. The result was remarkable: a few picograms induced paralysis that was confined to the target muscle, long in duration, and without side-effects.\nBaby Botox can be used pretty much anywhere on your face, but it's best to create subtle changes or to erase fine lines. \"Something like this is especially nice for an area like the crow's feet, which is a very delicate area where a subtle treatment is more effective,\" explains Smith. \"If someone has very deep folds, micro Botox probably isn't going to cut it. I would offer this to someone with moderate to fine lines.\"\nEach vial of BOTOX contains either 50 Units of Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin complex, 0.25 mg of Albumin Human, and 0.45 mg of sodium chloride; 100 Units of Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin complex, 0.5 mg of Albumin Human, and 0.9 mg of sodium chloride; or 200 Units of Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin complex, 1 mg of Albumin Human, and 1.8 mg of sodium chloride in a sterile, vacuum-dried form without a preservative.\nReduced blinking from BOTOX injection of the orbicularis muscle can lead to corneal exposure, persistent epithelial defect, and corneal ulceration, especially in patients with VII nerve disorders. Vigorous treatment of any epithelial defect should be employed. This may require protective drops, ointment, therapeutic soft contact lenses, or closure of the eye by patching or other me ans.\nWith abnormal joint movement and inactivity, muscles can shorten and contract. In the case of muscle spasticity, the joint and soft tissue can be normal, but with constant contraction of a muscle because of spasticity the muscle can shorten. When it can no longer stretch to allow full range of motion, a contracture can happen. Agents that lessen the spasticity of the involved muscles best prevent this type of contracture.\nAs of 2013, botulinum toxin injections are the most common cosmetic operation, with 6.3 million procedures in the United States, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Qualifications for Botox injectors vary by county, state and country. Botox cosmetic providers include dermatologists, plastic surgeons, aesthetic spa physicians, dentists, nurse practitioners, nurses and physician assistants.\nThe median duration of response in study NDO-1 and NDO-2, based on patient qualification for re-treatment was 295-337 days (4248 weeks) for the 200 Units dose group compared to 96-127 days (13-18 weeks) for placebo. Re-treatment was based on loss of effect on incontinence episode frequency (50% of effect in Study NDO-1; 70% of effect in Study NDO-2).\nDubbed as the “little neurotoxin that could,” by USA Today, Botox now boasts sales of well over $1 billion for its manufacturer, Allergan. Many of us who start to see our migraine-furrowed forehead lines show up in our 30s think: hey, maybe Botox for migraine could help me too. But before you say “heck yes!” at the next Botox party or med-spa, be sure you know what you’re getting into.\nIn a study to evaluate inadvertent peribladder administration, bladder stones were observed in 1 of 4 mal e monkeys that were injected with a total of 6.8 Units/kg divided into the prostatic urethra and proximal rectum (single administration). No bladder stones were observed in male or female monkeys following injection of up to 36 Units/kg (~12X the highest human bladder dose) directly to the bladder as either single or 4 repeat dose injections or in female rats for single injections up to 100 Units/kg (~33X the highest human bladder dose).\nFacelift: What you need to know A facelift aims to make the face look more youthful. The procedure can remove excess skin from the face and smooth wrinkles. However, it may not be suitable for everyone. Complications can occur, for example, infections, especially in people with existing health conditions. Relapse and scarring are also possible. Read now\nAfter the injection moves from the dermis and into the desired muscle, the nerves there are blocked—rather, their synapses, are blocked—by the Botox. So even though your brain my fire and signal for your body to move a particular muscle, Botox effectively blocks that firing and keeps the muscle from moving. The injected muscle can no longer contract, which causes the wrinkles to relax and soften, and also helps prevent new ones from forming.\nThe cost for Botox may range from $125 to $400 per treatment area. Multiple areas may be treated at one time, and repeat treatments are needed every three to four months, on average. When it comes to Botox and other injectables, you get what you pay for. Buyer beware: bargain Botox may increase your risk of complications, including poor cosmetic results. If the cost is prohibitive, ask your doctor about payment plans.\nBotox is a drug made from a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum called botulinum toxin. \"It's a poison secreted by the bacteria,\" plastic surgeon Norman Rowe, M.D., tells SELF. Botulinum toxin has proven to be a successful and valuable therapeutic protein when dosage, frequency of treatment and variety of treated clinical conditions are considered, according to Howard Sobel, M.D., a dermatologist in New York. Basically: when it's done right. When it's done wrong—like, really, really wrong—it can cause \"botulism-like symptoms,\" according to Mayo Clinic, which may include muscle weakness, trouble breathing, speaking or swallowing, bladder control issues, and vision problems. That is \"very unlikely,\" but a more than convincing enough reason not to go bargain hunting for Botox.\nWhat Other Factors Determine the Cost of Botox? The fixed cost of Botox or Dysport that the doctor pays for the drugs is relatively expensive and therefore that cost is obviously passed along to the patient. The cost of Botox or Dysport injections also depends upon the number of areas that are required to obtain the best results. The more areas that need treatment the greater the amount of injections that will be required to arrive at the most desirable result. Simply put -the more areas that need treatment the higher the cost of treatment.\nThe idea of a needle going toward your forehead, in between your eyes, or at your eyebrows might be a little daunting, but rest assured, not only is Botox FDA-approved, but it’s a very common (and highly-requested) procedure. It’s commonly used for cosmetic reasons, but it also helps alleviate a slew of other health concerns.”Botox was first approved by the FDA in 1989 to treat blepharospasm of the eyelid, and now can treat hundreds of medical conditions, such as hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating) or chronic migraines,” dermatologist Jill S. Waibel, MD. She also notes that it was only approved for cosmetic purposes in 2002. “Since then, millions of people have had Botox done safely and effectively. It is important to remember that Botox is safest when used by a board certified dermatologist or a plastic surgeon.”\nThe FDA approval was based on a large study showing that Botox significantly reduced migraine frequency and severity, as well as headache-related disability, compared to placebo. As just one measure of its effectiveness, many of my patients report that they’ve cut their use of rescue medications in half since starting Botox – a significant benefit for people who previously had to resort to rescue medications 15 or more times every month.\nClinical diagnosis of depression or other mental health disorders, including body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders. Please discuss any history of mental health disorders prior to surgery. Patients with a diagnosis of depression, or other mental health disorders, should wait until resolution or stabilization of these conditions prior to undergoing breast implantation surgery.\nHow much is Botox is a frequent question we get in our dermatology offices. The cost of Botox runs typically about $400 – $600 per first treatment area, and up to $300 for each additional area. The most popular areas for Botox treatment are the glabella (those lines in between your eyebrows also known as the “11’s”), the crow’s feet are around the eyes and the horizontal lines on the forehead. When injected by a trained professional who has experience with facial aesthetics, Botox can also give the brows and eye area a mini eye lift. When Botox injections are performed by a trained, licensed and experienced medical expert, the results can be amazing. You will not appear frozen or as though you’ve had work done, when injected properly, Botox makes you look more relaxed, more rejuvenated and just better than before. It’s important to seek out a professional who knows about facial anatomy and can inject you in the exact right places.\nMost practices have a flat cost for each injection of BOTOX® Cosmetic, though some will break it down by “units” used per treatment. Flat rates are usually somewhere between $300 and $1000, while per-unit rates are usually around $10-15 per unit. Though the BOTOX® Cosmetic price paid by physicians is normally about $400 for each vial (each vial contains 100 units, or enough for about 4 or 5 treatments), the vial must be used within a few hours of opening, so if the entire vial is not used, the physician will often have to throw the rest out.\nDon’t be a pill. You're more likely to get a bruise at the site of the needle injection if you're taking aspirin or ibuprofen; these medications thin the blood and increase bleeding which causes the bruise. Skip the pills for two weeks in advance of your treatment. You should also tell your doctor -- before treatment -- about any supplements you're taking, even if they're \"natural,\" because some (such as fish oil pills, gingko, or vitamin E) also thin blood. Your doctor may ask you not to use those supplements for two weeks before your treatment.\nTwo double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, multi-center, 24-week clinical studies were conducted in patients with OAB with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency (Studies OAB -1 and OAB-2). Patients needed to have at least 3 urinary urgency incontinence episodes and at least 24 micturitions in 3 days to enter the studies. A total of 1105 patients, whose symptoms had not been adequately managed with anticholinergic therapy (inadequate response or intolerable side effects), were randomized to receive either 100 Units of BOTOX (n=557), or placebo (n=548). Patients received 20 injections of study drug (5 units of BOTOX or placebo) spaced approximately 1 cm apart into the detrusor muscle.\nThis medication is given by injection by an experienced health care professional. It is injected into the affected muscles (intramuscularly) when treating eye disorders, muscle stiffness/spasms, and wrinkles. When used to prevent migraines, it is injected into the muscles of the head and neck. It is injected into the skin (intradermally) for the treatment of excessive sweating. For the treatment of drooling/excess saliva, this medication is injected into the salivary glands. When treating overactive bladder, it is injected into the bladder.\nSome doctors and dermatologists recommend lying down and resting after a treatment, but Ravitz says she doesn't think there's any need for downtime unless a patient experiences pain. It can take about two weeks to work, though some patients start to feel relief from chronic migraines sooner than that. Ravitz tells me, \"If it’s going to work for a patient, one round of the treatment typically lasts for around three months.\" Though everybody metabolizes it at a different rate, getting it done every three months or so has been found to be effective.\nSome critics say Botox makes you lose all the personality from your face, leaving you with a significantly less range of motion when you laugh, or get angry or upset. While it’s true that your movement will be restricted, a moderate amount of Botox will still allow you to react and communicate in a lively way. “Botox relaxes the wrinkle-forming facial muscles at the sight of injection, such as crow’s feet, glabella (the ‘furrows’ in between the brows), and frontalis (forehead lines),” Dr. Waibel says. “Botox does not affect other facial muscles that are used for overall facial expressions.”\nSymptoms of overdose are likely not to be present immediately following injection. Should accidental injection or oral ingest ion occur or overdose be suspected, the person should be medically supervised for several weeks for signs and symptoms of systemic muscular weakness which could be local, or distant from the site of injection [see BOX WARNING and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. These patients should be considered for further medical evaluation and appropriate medical therapy immediately instituted, which may include hospitalization.\nIn general, you’ll find that Botox costs about $10-$20 per unit. While some offices and clinics charge a flat rate, depending on the area that they’re working on, you’ll more often find that you are charged based on how many units of Botox are used to achieve the results you’re looking for. You need around 20 units to treat your forehead and 5-6 units to treat crows feet, making Botox an affordable alternative to going under the knife.\n“A younger face has a heart shape, and an older face is a little more bottom-heavy and square,” says Dr. Matarasso. “But if you put toxin in both sides, you are not reducing the movement of the muscle, you are thinning the muscle out a bit. You can restore a youthful look. It’s not as dramatic or quick-acting as other areas, but it can be a nice way to improve the contour of the face.”\nBotox injections like other goods and services in New York City are typically more expensive then in the suburbs where the rent and salaries are also less expensive. So it is true that in general Botox cost more in NYC. In one vial of Botox there is 100 units of medicine and each unit costs on average $20. Most patients require between 20 to 60 units.That translates into an average between $400 and $1200.\nLastly, a Botox treatment does not offer permanent results. Botox is most effective when treatments are carried out at regular intervals before the results fully wear off. On average, the results last for three to four months, although Botox metabolizes at different rates in different individuals. The first ever Botox treatment you receive may not last as long as subsequent treatments, plus you may require touch-ups two weeks after the procedure as your injector determines the right dosage for you. Over time, however, many patients notice that they can wait longer intervals between treatments as their treated facial muscles weaken.\nThree percent of patients experienced eyelid drooping in the frown lines studies, one percent of patients experienced eyelid swelling in the crow's feet studies, and one percent of patients experienced brow drooping in the forehead lines studies. Other possible side effects include: dry mouth; discomfort or pain at the injection site; tiredness; headache; neck pain; eye problems: double vision, blurred vision, decreased eyesight and dry eyes; and allergic reactions. These are not all of the possible serious side effects of BOTOX® Cosmetic. Please see the Important Safety Information including Boxed Warning and Medication Guide and talk to your specialist.\nPreventative Botox has been getting lots of buzz. “It can potentially have a preventive effect on dynamic wrinkles, which are caused by underlying muscle movement,” Shah explains. “That being said, muscle movement is only one factor that contributes to the development of wrinkles, so Botox may not be completely preventive.” (Some other wrinkle causes: sun exposure, smoking, and diet.)\nIn the mid-1990s, people who received BOTOX for other conditions reported improvement in their chronic migraine pain. A two-phase study was conducted, treating patients who averaged 20 headache days a month. They received BOTOX injections every twelve weeks for 56 weeks. At the end of that period, 70% of the patients had fewer than half the number of headaches they had before treatment. The FDA officially approved BOTOX to treat chronic migraine in October of 2010. Since then, more than 100,000 patients have been treated.\nThe potency Units of BOTOX® are specific to the preparation and assay method utilized. They are not interchangeable with other preparations of botulinum toxin products and, therefore, Units of biological activity of BOTOX® cannot be compared to nor converted into Units of any other botulinum toxin products assessed with any other specific assay method.\nIf going back for additional treatments three or four times a year sounds like a lot of treatments, the good news is that the more Botox treatments you get, the fewer Botox units you'll need. With each repeat Botox session, the frontalis muscle and other facial muscles surrounding Botox injection sites get a little weaker and become \"trained\" to not contract.\nBOTOX may be an effective treatment for those who suffer from chronic migraines. Many patients have struggled to find a treatment that truly provides relief from this debilitating condition. While there are migraine medications and a host of natural remedies, for many people, none of these methods bring real relief. BOTOX may be the option that brings the relief from pain that patients have been seeking for so long.\n\"I had 25 units of Botox done by Dr. Goldberg on my forehead and frown lines. Few days later I could see the result with which I was very happy! [...] I have done Botox few times before with other specialists, after which my face would resemble a doll [...] However, after procedure with Dr. Goldberg, I am still able to lift my eyebrows and frown without forming any wrinkles.\" – from Dinara D.'s review of Alexander Golberg Physician PC in New York.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Puett’s course Classical Chinese Ethical and Political Theory has become the third most popular course at the university. The only classes with higher enrollment are Intro to Economics and Intro to Computer Science. The second time Puett offered it, in 2007, so many students crowded into the assigned room that they were sitting on the stairs and stage and spilling out into the hallway. Harvard moved the class to Sanders Theater, the biggest venue on campus.\nAs with acupuncture, Chinese herbs are best administered by licensed acupuncturists, L.Ac.’s, who have advanced medical degrees and clinical training in Chinese herbal medicine. Even among L.Ac.’s there are variances in aptitude with herbal medicine, so when searching for a practitioner to work with make sure to ask them about how active they are in working with Chinese herbs in their clinical practice.\nMe, myself, us: looking at human beings as ecosystems that contain many collaborating and competing species could change the practice of medicine.\nScientific studies have suggested that a mind that is present and in the moment indicates well-being, whereas shifting our energy to the past or future can lead to unhappiness. Now, a preliminary UCSF study shows a link between mind wandering and aging, by looking at a biological measure of longevity within our DNA.\nIn the study, telomere length, an emerging biomarker for cellular and general bodily aging, was assessed in association with the tendency to be present in the moment versus the tendency to mind wander, in research on 239 healthy, midlife women ranging in age from 50 to 65 years.\nAutoimmune disease affects an estimated 50 million people at an annual cost of more than $100 billion. And the suffering and monetary costs are sure to grow. Maybe it’s time we talk more about human ecology when we speak of the broader environmental and ecological concerns of the day. The destruction of our inner ecosystem surely deserves more attention as global populations run gut-first into the buzz saw of globalization and its microbial scrubbing diet.\nThey found that experienced meditators had decreased activity in areas of the brain called the default mode network, which has been implicated in lapses of attention and disorders such as anxiety, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and even the buildup of beta amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease. The decrease in activity in this network, consisting of the medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortex, was seen in experienced meditators regardless of the type of meditation they were doing.\nA new study suggests that people who regularly practice Buddhist meditation make decisions in a more rational way.\n“But the meditators’ brains reacted quite differently, activating brain areas associated with interoception — the representation of the body’s internal state. In fact, the researchers found very little overlap in the two groups’ neural responses.”", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Epidemiological Study on Tick-Borne (Acari: Argasidae) Relapsing Fever in Kurdistan Province, Iran, 2000–2004\nTick-borne relapsing fever is an acute infectious disease transmitted to humans by Ornithodoros tholozani, and it is a notifiable disease in Kurdistan Province, Iran. This cross-sectional survey was carried out from 2000 to 2004. The main aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of tick-borne relapsing fever in Kurdistan Province. The prevalence and incidence of tick-borne relapsing fever was monitored by daily clinical surveillance and by thin and thick blood smears of individuals\n... of individuals with a fever. In confirmed cases, there was febrile illness, and spirochetes were identified on smears of peripheral blood. A field survey on presence of Ornithodoros tholozani in Bijar county villages was carried out and investigated for the detection of Borrelia spp. A total number of 97 cases including 88 cases from rural areas and 9 cases from urban areas were recorded over 5 years. Epidemiological studies on O. tholozani ticks collected from the several locations of villages indicated that 2 of the 20 studied villages (10%) were infested by the vector tick, O. tholozani. The presence of O. tholozani in most villages investigated and its infection rate suggest that tick-borne relapsing fever is a common cause of fever in most rural areas of Kurdistan Province. Results of the study demonstrate that tick-borne relapsing fever is under-recognized and under-reported, and the pathogens may be wrongly identified as malaria parasites. The study showed that tick-borne relapsing fever should be considered as an important public health priority in the study area.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Two patients with cancer requiring removal of specific impalpable lymph nodes for full pathological analysis underwent ultrasound-guided lesion localisation and marking with a low-activity I-125 seed. A gamma probe was used in theatre to localise the signal from the seed and guide excision. Successful removal of the lesions was confirmed with the probe and by specimen radiography. Radioguided Occult Lesion Localisation using I-125 Seeds (\"ROLLIS\") provides a method of precisely marking impalpable lesions for surgical excision. Copyright 2014 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Molecular panel tsts for infectious diseases have changed the landscape of clinical microbiology. They play an important role in diagnostic testing, as they simultaneously detect several different pathogens associated with similar and overlapping clinical symptomatology. For this reason, they are also known as ‘syndromic panel’ tests. These panels belong to a category of testing known as culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs), which are tests that detect pathogens without the need to grow and isolate them in culture. These tests have shorter turnaround times, often have good test performance characteristics, and require limited technical expertise, making them appealing for use by clinicians as well as clinical laboratories.\nHistorically, physicians were required to select the specific pathogens most likely thought to be associated with a patient’s disease. They often had to rely on empiric therapy until results from the laboratory could be used in identifying definitive or targeted antimicrobial therapy, with results taking days and sometimes weeks. In recent years, molecular panel tests, including multiplex PCR, have become increasingly used for the detection of pathogens, and clinicians are no longer required to name (or separately test for) many of the bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic species sought for a given clinical ‘syndrome'. As the use of multiplex molecular tests have decreased the need to perform multiple assays to diagnose a given infection, results are often available to the physician within minutes to hours. Though culture-based methods of diagnosis are still routinely utilized, and definitive antimicrobial therapy may still lag pending full culture and susceptibility information, these tests have revolutionized infectious disease diagnostics and have made the road from diagnosis to treatment very rapid, in some cases occurring at the point-of-care (POC).\nFor some conditions, such as respiratory tract infections, RP panels have become the SOC. These respiratory panels are exceptionally rapid, providing results in minutes to hours.4,5 They are unlike the older conventional respiratory viral testing methods such as viral culture and immunofluorescence, which could take days to weeks to obtain a result. Moreover, they display test performance characteristics (sensitivity and specificity) which are often superior to other rapid diagnostic tests for respiratory viruses, such as rapid (antigen-based) influenza detection tests (RIDTs).6-8 For these reasons, many laboratories have stopped offering some of the other diagnostic modalities described for respiratory viral pathogens detection. In fact, many of those methods have become obsolete in routine clinical care.\nFinally, some of these multiplex panels are smaller, or ‘targeted', detecting just a few pathogens whereas others are very large, detecting approximately 20 targets. The larger panels are sometimes referred to as ‘expanded'. These distinctions most commonly apply to the RP and GI panels, as panels for BSI and ME (and in some circumstances UG/AG) are expected to detect >5 pathogens (though a UG/AG panel is not expected to detect as many as 20 pathogens, due to the epidemiology of disease in that organ system). Many commercial platforms for multiplex panel testing have been developed for a variety of infection types in different organ systems.4,5 Both smaller and larger panels are being used in clinical laboratories, though their optimal use and application in various settings and for various patient populations and indications remains a challenge.\nIn recent years, molecular syndromic panels have become routinely used for a number of infection types, including respiratory, gastrointestinal, central nervous system, bloodstream, and urogenital/anogenital. These panels provide rapid turnaround times for results and are often more sensitive than traditional testing for the various organisms included.4,5,9 However, test performance characteristics do vary depending on the specific panels and pathogens. For example, though overall sensitivities and specificities have ranged from 84-100% for various RP platforms evaluated, the sensitivities for adenovirus, influenza A H1/2009, and influenza B using the FilmArray® RP have been reported as low as 57%, 73%, and 77%, respectively, while more recent versions of the platform (the FilmArray® RP2) have shown improved detection (94%-100%) of these pathogens.10,11 Additionally, the FilmArray® PNP and RP panels have targets in common, though the PNP also contains numerous bacterial targets as well as antimicrobial resistance determinants; the PNP is also semiquantitative.12,13 The PNP has shown strong agreement with both SOC methods as well as with the RP in identifying pathogens from lower respiratory tract specimens.12,13 Because the PNP performs similarly to the RP for viral pathogens, but can additionally detect bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance determinants, it should be prioritized in the evaluation of pneumonia from lower respiratory tract specimens.14 A study comparing the performance of additional RP assays reported the following sensitivities and specificities: 98.3% and 99.2% for GenMark Dx® eSensor® Respiratory Viral Panel (RVP), 92.7% and 99.8% for Luminex® xTAG® RVPv1, and 84.4% and 99.9% for Luminex® xTAG® RVP Fast.10 In this study, sensitivities also varied by viral target.10 Smaller targeted panels detecting influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have also shown overall high sensitivity and specificity in studies evaluating their performance. A prospective and retrospective evaluation of the Xpert® Flu/RSV XC assay reported sensitivity/specificity of 97.8%/100% and 97.9%/100% for influenza and RSV, respectively.15 Another study using prospective patient samples reported 96.6%-100% agreement between the ARIES® Flu A/B & RSV and Cepheid® Xpert® Flu/RSV XC assays.16 This is important, as some of the targeted respiratory panels have been granted Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-waived status and are being used in non-laboratory settings.17,18 In a study evaluating the Roche cobas® Liat® Influenza A/B & RSV assay performed by nonlaboratory staff, reported sensitivities/specificities were 99.6%/97.5%, 99.3%/99.7%, and 96.8%/98.8% for influenza A, B, and RSV, respectively.19 Yet another study comparing rapid POC nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) found that the sensitivity of Alere™ i was only 71.3% (compared to 100% for the Liat®).20 The poor sensitivity of the Alere™ i in that study was attributed to the inclusion of many low-positive samples.20\nThe Biofire® FilmArray® and Luminex® xTAG® GI panels demonstrate overall high sensitivity (>90%) for the majority of their targets.21 However, sensitivities have been very low for certain targets, specifically Aeromonas sp. (23.8%) on the FilmArray® and Yersinia enterocolitica (48.1%) on the xTAG®21; because its low sensitivity, Aeromonas is not included as a reportable analyte on the cleared version of the FilmArray® test.22 A multicenter study evaluating the FilmArray® GI panel found the sensitivity to be 100% for 12 of the 22 targets and >94.5% for an additional 7 targets (performance of the remaining targets was not assessed due to their low prevalence); specificity was >97.1% for all panel targets.22 In a study comparing the Luminex® xTAG® to conventional methods of testing found that the panel had a higher sensitivity than SOC for detecting C. difficile, Campylobacter species, norovirus, and rotavirus.23\nThe ME panel (the Biofire® FilmArray® ME panel is currently the only commercially available panel) has overall good sensitivity for most targets, but does suffer from a lack of sensitivity for certain targets, such as Cryptococcus species, relative to conventional testing methods for this pathogen.24-26 In 1 prospective multicenter evaluation, the FilmArray® ME panel showed a percent positive agreement (PPA) with SOC methods of 100% for 9 of 14 analytes, with another 2 analytes showing PPA between 85.7-95.7%; the percent negative agreement (NPA) with SOC methods was >99% for all analytes but S. agalactiae.24 Importantly, the ME panel detected 43 pathogens that were not recovered by conventional testing; however, additional testing confirmed the ME panel to be correct in only 43% of these cases.24 In this and other studies, false positive results of the ME panel have been reported, primarily for S. pneumoniae, S. agalactiae, and HSV-1, and false negatives have been reported primarily for HSV-1 and HSV-2, Enterovirus, and Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii.24-26 A systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 studies evaluating the ME panel reported a sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 97%, respectively.26\nBSI panel tests also show good overall performance. Studies have found the FilmArray® Blood Culture Identification (BCID) panel and the Verigene® (Gram-positive and Gram-negative blood culture) panels provide correct identification for 87%-99% of monomicrobial samples, compared to conventional methods.27,28 One study comparing the 2 panel tests to SOC found that the FilmArray® and the Verigene® correctly identified 95% and 99% of isolates, respectively, in monomicrobial cultures.27 False positives and false negatives have been reported in these panels, for both organism and resistance gene identification, particularly in polymicrobial samples; however, the failure to detect organisms in polymicrobial samples is often the result of organisms not included on the panels.5,29 Nevertheless, because of limitations inherent in the tests (including the fact that not all organisms are represented on the panels and these are high-stakes infections), both the ME and BSI panel tests must be accompanied by Gram stain and culture.\nMolecular panel tests are also increasingly being used for the detection of urogenital and anogenital infections. The BD MAX™ vaginal panel has reported sensitivities and specificities of 89.8%/96.5%, 97.4%/96.8%, and 100%/100% for bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and trichomoniasis (TV), respectively.30 In another study, the BD Affirm™ VPIII Microbial Identification Test showed a lower specificity of 81.6% for BV and lower sensitivity of 69.4% for VVC, while it performed equally well as the BD MAX™ for TV.31 These panels, however, have been shown to perform better than clinician assessment of vaginitis, for which many diagnoses remain empirical and for which guideline non-adherence is broad.32-34 Further, high rates of coinfection with STIs (24.4%-25.7%) have been observed.35-37 Panels detecting sexually transmitted pathogens have also become routine in clinical laboratories, as they provide a rapid result for organisms like Chlamydia species, that can be difficult to culture. Moreover, it is well-established that N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis not only cause similar clinical syndromes but also coexist in a significant proportion of patients, highlighting the need for panel testing.38\nFor the evaluation of UTI, multiplex PCR panels have shown agreement of ≥90% with SOC urine cultures for the identification of organisms from urine, though there are currently no United States (U.S.) FDA-approved panels for this indication.39,40 Similarly, there are no currently approved panels for use with sterile body fluids other than blood and CSF, though studies evaluating existing panels (such as the BSI panel) with such fluids have shown pathogen detection in cases where SOC cultures were negative, possibly due to the effect of prior antimicrobial therapy.41,42 Though testing may require assay optimization for use with ‘other’ sterile fluid specimens, 1 study found 100% detection of organisms from sterile fluids inoculated into blood culture bottles when tested using BSI panels.43\nThere are many commercially available multiplex panels for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, and this review of their performance is not inclusive of all of them. As noted in this review, the performance of these panel tests varies, depending on the platform and specimen types used and the targets included. These panel tests should display performance that is equivalent or superior to SOC or other established tests, with ideal sensitivity and specificity or PPA and NPA of ≥95% for the majority of targets included on their panels. However, it is important to consider the entire picture. For example, as some of these panels are not intended to be used as stand-alone tests, parallel testing by additional methods can be used to support their application in clinical settings, particularly in cases where the assay has not achieved the ideal performance metrics for a given target. Finally, the specific performance limitations of the various panel tests (in some cases due to enhanced sensitivity for targets that may not be pathogenic) must be considered. These issues are further discussed in the Clinical Utility section below.\nClinical Utility - Impact on Patient Management and Interpretation of Results\nRapid diagnostics require rapid intervention to be impactful for patient management. Rapid, user-friendly, multiplexed molecular tests have great potential in this regard, though their impact on patient outcomes is clearer for some types of panels, infections, and patients than for others, as studies are variable in design and quality.4,5,8,44 A systematic review of the impact of rapid point-of-care testing (POCT) (including molecular assays) for influenza found that, in patients with acute respiratory infection, a positive POCT result significantly increased use of antivirals for influenza and decreased unnecessary antibiotic use.45 Another study of adult patients found a decreased time to diagnosis (of influenza and non-influenza viruses) using the FilmArray® RP, compared to conventional methods of testing; moreover, a diagnosis of influenza was associated with lower odds ratio for admission, length of stay (LOS), duration of antimicrobial use, and number of chest x-rays.46 Better influenza detection, a reduced LOS, and improved antiviral use were also found in a study of routine molecular POCT for respiratory viruses (the ResPOC study), for adults presenting to the hospital with acute respiratory illness.47 However, studies have shown that other factors, such as the presence of infiltrates on chest x-ray and uncertainty regarding the possibility of a bacterial infection, also play a significant role in the decision to treat with antibiotics, regardless of the result of the RP test.48 A systematic review of the literature concluded that RPs provide accurate results, and that there is high-quality evidence to support that rapid testing can result in a decreased LOS and can increase appropriate oseltamivir use.8 Notably, the majority of RP studies have focused on the benefits in influenza-positive patients. For example, in a study evaluating antimicrobial prescriptions following RP testing among adult outpatients, antibiotic prescription rates were significantly different between patients who tested positive for influenza virus and those who did not; however, antibiotic prescription rates were not different between the patients who tested positive for viruses other than influenza and those who tested negative.49 Since influenza is 1 of the few respiratory infections that can be treated with antivirals, this suggests that a more targeted testing approach is sufficient for most immune-competent patients with a presumed acute viral respiratory infection. Moreover, guidelines on CAP by the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) recommend NOT obtaining testing (specifically sputum Gram stain and culture) routinely in adults with CAP managed in the outpatient setting; rather, they recommend that empiric antibiotic therapy be initiated in adults with clinically suspected and radiographically confirmed CAP, even if these patients test positive for influenza.1 In other words, RP testing does not impact initial management with antibiotics in such circumstances. However, IDSA guidelines do suggest testing for influenza in adult patients with CAP when influenza is circulating in the community.1 In such cases, a targeted panel for influenza testing can be performed. Finally, specific diagnosis and definitive antimicrobial therapy is needed for pneumonia that is complicated (i.e., by meningitis, endocarditis, or abscess), and testing using expanded panels is warranted in these circumstances; however, these patients are expected to be managed in the inpatient setting.\nA more expansive testing approach may be appropriate in patients with underlying pulmonary pathology and in immune-compromised patients, but only in certain circumstances. In a study of adult patients with exacerbation of airway disease, 35% of those testing positive for viruses (using molecular POCT) had early discontinuation of antibiotics compared to 13% of those who tested negative and 6% of controls; moreover, of those positive for viruses, only 20% were positive for influenza and the discontinuation of antibiotics was not different between the various viruses detected.50 The authors of this study stress that many of the patients in this study should not have been treated with antibiotics, on clinical grounds alone, “given that antibiotic use in patients with asthma exacerbation is strongly discouraged by national society guidelines.”2,50 The Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention states “evidence does NOT support the role of antibiotics in asthma exacerbations unless there is strong evidence of lung infection (e.g., fever and purulent sputum or radiographic evidence of pneumonia).”2 Finally, a study evaluating respiratory virus infections prior to hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) found that patients with viruses detected pre-HCT had fewer days alive and out of the hospital and lower survival at day 100 than patients with negative results (even when the only virus present was rhinovirus); importantly, most patients in this study were asymptomatic when surveillance samples were collected.51 This finding suggests that pre-transplant evaluation is 1 limited circumstance in which expanded RP panel testing may be warranted in asymptomatic patients.\nImpact studies of GI panels have been even more mixed, though some have found that implementation of such panels was associated with a decrease in endoscopic procedures, abdominal radiology, and/or antibiotic prescriptions.52,53 A prospective multi-center study evaluating 1887 fecal specimens from patients with acute diarrhea found that use of a GI panel enhanced organism detection and improved clinical sensitivity, and enabled clinicians to provide more timely and targeted antimicrobial therapy; moreover, positive Shiga-like toxin producing E. coli (STEC) results led to the appropriate discontinuation of antimicrobials in the majority of cases when empiric therapy had been initiated.9 However, in outpatients with uncomplicated diarrhea that is likely to be self-limited, testing is often not warranted.5 Guidelines from the American College of Gastroenterology regarding acute diarrheal infections in adults state that diagnostic studies may be used in cases of “dysentery, moderate-to-severe disease, and symptoms lasting >7 days to clarify the etiology of the patient’s illness and enable specific directed therapy.”54 Regarding the use of the GI panel in special populations, an impact study in patients with IBD found that GI panel testing led to lower rate of IBD treatment modification.55 In outpatients with relapse of IBD, testing with a GI panel was associated with significantly lower rates of IBD therapy escalation and endoscopy, compared to patients who underwent conventional testing.56 Finally, in a study evaluating gastrointestinal infections prior to HCT in asymptomatic patients found that 62% of patients colonized with C. difficile pre-transplantation developed a clinical C. difficile infection post-transplantation, and 80% of patients colonized with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) or enteroaggregative E. coli developed clinical infections due to their colonizing pathogen post-transplantation.57 As noted above with respiratory infections, these findings suggest that pre-transplant evaluation is 1 limited circumstance in which expanded GI panel testing may be warranted in asymptomatic patients.\nBloodstream and CNS infections are emergency situations that can progress rapidly, even in previously healthy individuals.58 As such, rapid panel testing can prove invaluable in the prompt management of patients with such infections. The following widely cited statistic is sobering –in sepsis, for each hour of delay in effective (appropriate for a given pathogen) antimicrobial administration, there is an average decrease in patient survival of approximately 8%.59 Because bacterial culture and full antimicrobial susceptibility results traditionally take 2 or more days, rapid BSI panels have emerged to rapidly (within hours) identify a causative pathogen such that the most appropriate and targeted antibiotics can be administered. A prospective randomized controlled trial found that use of a BSI panel resulted in a decrease in time between Gram stain to microorganism identification by approximately 21 hours.60 Moreover, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and the treatment of bloodstream contaminants were reduced; further, antimicrobial de-escalation occurred with the additional intervention by the ASP.60 Other studies have similarly shown more rapid organism identification and antimicrobial de-escalation with the use of BSI panel (plus ASP intervention) over conventional culture methods, even if the latter also included ASP. 61 However, the effect of BSI panels on other outcome measures such as mortality, 30-day readmission, and LOS has been more variable between studies.5,61 Pre-post intervention studies62 as well as a meta-analysis63 have shown that rapid molecular diagnostic testing is associated with significant decreases in LOS and mortality risk, particularly when combined with an ASP. For patients with multi-drug resistant bacteria, rapid escalation of antimicrobial therapy is also important. In 1 study, use of a BSI panel decreased the mean time to appropriate antimicrobial therapy by more than 30 hours in a study of patients with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) bacteremia.64 In another, more rapid implementation of effective therapy was observed in cases of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms, but not overall; this same study reported a significantly decreased length of intensive care unti (ICU) stay, 30-day mortality, and mortality associated with multidrug-resistant organisms after the implementation of a BSI panel.62 There are fewer outcome studies evaluating the clinical utility of ME panels, particularly for patients generalizable to the Medicare population. One study found that use of the FilmArray® ME panel reduced time to diagnosis by approximately 3 days, allowed an earlier discontinuation of empiric therapy in 32% of patients, and led to an earlier hospital discharge in 18%, saving 82 hospital days.65 Another study found that use of the panel significantly reduced the turnaround time for HSV detection, days of therapy for antivirals (acyclovir) and antimicrobials, and hospital LOS, in adults undergoing a lumbar puncture for a suspected community-onset CNS infection.66\nResults from molecuar panel tests must be interpreted with caution. First, they detect significantly more pathogens than were detected in the past using conventional methods of testing.5,9 For example, studies evaluating multiplex urine panels (UPs) have detected up to 26% additional organisms that culture methods did not.39 Importantly, multiplex UPs have detected more organisms in polymicrobial infections than urine cultures in symptomatic patients,39,67 and a modeling study has shown bacterial combinations that increase the probability of antibiotic resistance.68 As with all such panel tests, it is important to determine whether these additional organisms detected are pathogens or colonizers that simply could not be detected before, using traditional SOC methods. As these tests detect microbial nucleic acid, they do not require live and actively replicating organisms. Therefore, not all positive results indicate current active infection. However, in 1 study of 150 urogynecology patients, standard urine culture missed 50% of uropathogens in patients with severe urinary symptoms; moreover, approximately 40% percent of patients with missed uropathogens reported no symptom resolution after treatment based on standard urine culture results.69 Importantly, all of the missed uropathogens were detected using the study’s comparator method (an enhanced quantitative culture technique), though additional bacteria of unknown pathogenicity were also detected.69\nAsymptomatic carriage and prolonged shedding (days to weeks) of viral nucleic acid are common, particularly for respiratory and GI pathogens. In BIG-LoVE, a study of 108 adults and children who underwent weekly respiratory panel testing for a year, approximately half of all viral detection episodes were asymptomatic.70 Further, PCR detection of viruses at ≥3 weeks was a fairly frequent finding, occurring in 16% of episodes; prolonged viral detection was particularly common in children and in individuals living with children.70 Prolonged shedding is also common in immune-compromised patients.71 On the GI panels, interpretation of a positive C. difficile result in a patient without risk factors for infection with this organism can be difficult, as 4%-15% of healthy adults, and up to 21% of those admitted to a hospital, are asymptomatically colonized; moreover, detection by PCR does not indicate active infection, particularly in patients without classic clinical symptoms.72,73 The high rate of mixed infections observed when using expanded RP (in 30%-40% of positive cases)74,75 and GI panels (up to 27% of positive cases)5,21-23 can be difficult to interpret. The significance of previously unidentified organisms in stool samples (such as Sapovirus and Astrovirus) can also be clinically challenging to interpret, as it is unclear whether detection of these organisms represents colonization or infection. Mixed infections detected by GI panels most commonly occur with enteropathogenic E. coli, Y. enterocolitica, Norovirus, and C. difficile.9,21,53 Moreover, in some studies with very high rates of observed C. difficile there are also high rates of inappropriate GI panel testing. In 1 study evaluating more than 440 GI panels at a community hospital, 61% of the panels ordered were deemed inappropriate, for reasons including lack of documented diarrhea, laxative use, and having a duplicate C. difficile PCR test ordered.53 Notably, in this study, rates of C. difficile were 51%.53\nME and BSI panels also have their own challenges. For example, though co-infections are less commonly observed with multiplex panel testing from sterile body sites (such as from CSF or blood), they do occur and can cause interpretive challenges.24 Additionally, the ME panel cannot differentiate active from latent infection. It detects certain organisms, such as human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and cytomegalovirus (CMV), that may be latent and not the causative agents of disease, particularly if the host is immunocompetent. Moreover, there are a number of organisms that can cause meningitis and encephalitis that are not included on the panel, including bacteria (such as non-K1 E. coli serotypes and non-encapsulated strains of Neisseria meningitidis), viruses (including arboviruses), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, there are significant limitations associated with the use of this panel; however, these are mitigated, in part, by a requirement for additional testing (i.e., bacterial culture, cryptococcal antigen) to occur in parallel, as well as by clinician education and laboratory stewardship. It is important to remember, however, that traditional means of diagnosing CNS infections also come with diagnostic challenges that can delay a diagnosis. Such challenges include the low sensitivity of CSF culture (particularly in patients with antimicrobial exposure prior to lumbar puncture)76 as well as the historically unrecognized etiology in most cases of encephalitis.77 The large nature of the panels may cause an ordering clinician to assume that, because so many organisms are being tested, a negative result makes infection a less likely cause of the patient’s symptoms. It is, therefore, important for clinicians to realize that, even in expanded syndromic panels, not all pathogens will be detected. New strains of viruses may also go undetected, and the panels are limited to only those organisms found on the ‘menu'. Though the ME panel cannot fully replace current assays, it can provide unparalleled rapid results for a syndrome that can be rapidly fatal. Similarly, BSI panels are limited by the targets available on the panels, both for identification of microbes as well as identification of genes responsible for resistance mechanisms. In fact, many Gram-negative organisms harbor resistance mechanisms not encoded by any genes on these BSI panels, adding another diagnostic hurdle to overcome. However, they do tend to detect the most common bloodstream pathogens and can provide rapid results for rapid targeted antimicrobial therapy.4,5,60\nAdditional Challenges and Appropriate Use of Panel Tests\nWith few exceptions, the FDA-approved molecular panels for a given platform are ‘fixed’, i.e., they consist of a predetermined test menu of pathogens. The smaller of these tests, sometimes referred to as ‘targeted panels’, typically detect about 3-5 pathogens. The commonly used commercially available larger, or ‘expanded’, panels detect approximately 20 targets or pathogens, and some include pathogens that typically cause different clinical presentations, such that simultaneously testing for these pathogens should not be a common event. In other words, they deviate from being ‘syndromic’ in their approach to diagnosis. For example, the classic infection associated with Bordetella pertussis is whooping cough. The clinical case definition of a probable case of pertussis is a cough illness lasting at least 2 weeks, in the absence of a more likely alternate diagnosis or epidemiologic linkage, and 1 of the following symptoms: paroxysms of coughing, inspiratory whoop, post-tussive emesis, or apnea.78 Though some individuals (such as those with a history of prior infection or vaccine-induced immunity) may not show classic manifestations or may be altogether asymptomatic,79 diagnosis of this organism generally should require a high index of suspicion. Although it is a respiratory infection, in most patients, the clinical presentation of whooping cough is unlike that of most other viral respiratory syndromes. Yet, it is included on many respiratory syndromic panels and a patient who is likely infected with influenza or RSV may still end up being tested for B. pertussis, simply because it is a target on a fixed panel. Finally, the targets and organisms on a panel can vary between manufacturers, with some panels differentiating among numerous subtypes and strains of species, many of which are not clinically meaningful for the majority of patients.5 For example, differentiating among the different types and subtypes of parainfluenza virus may be good for epidemiologic tracking, but is not likely to result in any meaningful impact to patient care.\nFurther, large (fixed) panels do not appropriately regard patient risk factors, or a pre-test probability of a particular pathogen causing infection. The patient’s medical history and exposures are important to assess prior to testing. For example, infection with Clostridioides difficile (formerly known as Clostridium difficile) is typically associated with specific risk factors including exposure to antimicrobials, healthcare facilities and hospitals, chemotherapy, and GI procedures.80 Conversely, many of the other pathogens on the panels are typically associated with foodborne transmission.81,82 Variables like season and geography are also pertinent to a specific diagnostic case or patient. In the case of respiratory panels, a patient can be tested for more than 20 pathogens, when in fact only a couple of viruses may be the predominant ones circulating in the community during a given season. For example, though influenza can circulate throughout the year, it primarily occurs and peaks during the winter months, whereas certain other viruses are more prevalent during other seasons.83 Fixed panels may also not be applicable across populations, and immune-competent patients who are not severely ill may not require testing at all, or may require limited testing.84 Viral infections in immune-competent patients are often self-limiting and resolve without complication. Further, with few exceptions, there is often no specific treatment for viral infections, other than supportive care, and testing may not change patient management. All of this may result in an excess of unnecessary testing in immune-competent individuals. On the other hand, in immune-compromised patients, common and rare pathogens can cause severe illness, and concurrent infection with multiple respiratory viruses (which occur more commonly than previously thought, thanks to these multi-analyte panels) have been identified as predictors of in-hospital mortality.85 Moreover, immune-compromised patients often do not present with classic symptoms of infection. Therefore, casting a wider diagnostic net for this population may be both reasonable and necessary.\nHowever, even in immune-competent individuals, expanded panels can provide rapid, highly impactful, and epidemiologically important information.86 They can lead to the diagnosis of some infections that, in the past, may have been missed altogether. In 1 study, 75% of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections were unintentionally detected by multiplex PCR; in this study, clinicians had only specifically requested testing for M. pneumoniae in 2 (10%) of 20 patients positive for this pathogen. Importantly, this was an actionable finding, as infection with M. pneumoniae is treatable with antibiotics.87 Expanded panels can also help rapidly diagnose and, in some cases, avert public health outbreaks. For example, during an outbreak of a ‘mystery’ respiratory illness among children in 2014, hospitals were able to rapidly identify the presumptive cause, which turned out to be enterovirus D68.88 Similarly, use of rapid multiplex GI panels significantly contributed to the recognition of a large Cyclospora outbreak in 2018.89\nFor all these reasons, instituting the appropriate use of these panels can be challenging. Notably, these tools do not necessarily replace certain conventional methods of microbial detection, such as bacterial and fungal culture, in the diagnosis of infection. These many challenges and opportunities have led to the implementation of measures to promote diagnostic stewardship. Some of these include limiting expanded syndromic panels to certain groups of patients, such as the immune-compromised, hospitalized, critically ill, or patients from specialty clinics (such as pulmonary for respiratory panels). Others include the implementation of test ordering algorithms and ‘controls’, decision support tools, and the prohibition of repeat testing within a specific timeframe.5,53,90,91\nSummary of Contractor Advisory Committee (CAC) Meeting\nA multi-jurisdictional CAC Meeting to discuss the clinical literature related to Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Pathogens took place on Monday, January 11, 2021. The general consensus from the CAC panel is that there is accuracy and reliability in these pathogen panels and that the results from panel testing may improve patient health outcomes. However, the CAC panel also noted that outcome studies from use of these panels is limited, depending on the specific panel (and use) in question. The panel emphasized the importance of regarding patient population and setting, as indications for testing can vary among beneficiaries with different medical backgrounds and needs, and highlighted differences in testing requirements between immune-compromised and immune-competent patients. Overall, the panel expressed that a key consideration is whether a result is going to positively impact patient care. Finally, there was consensus from the CAC participants that the use of this technology in the diagnosis of onychomycosis (fungal infections) of the nail was unnecessary.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Tell us something about Cleveland Clinic’s “Patients First” philosophy.\nAt Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, the “Patients First” philosophy guides everything we do. It works to ensure exceptional outcomes and deliver an excellent patient experience. The vision is to provide sustainable patient satisfaction and have highly engaged caregivers serve patients – and fellow caregivers – with high quality, cost-effective, and safe patient care. To achieve this optimal patient experience, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi has developed a patient-centered Institute model, which is built around coordinated, multidisciplinary care. Every step of the patient journey has been designed to provide the best possible experience – from ensuring access to providing a high standard of aftercare. In addition, we work hard on engagement: everybody who works at the hospital is considered a “caregiver,” which has driven employee engagement and helped improved the patient experience.\nHow has Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi revolutionized patient experience in the region?\nIt starts with focusing on organizational culture and providing the right training and development opportunities for caregivers. We have a number of proprietary programs, including HEART (Hear, Empathize, Apologize, Respond, Thank), which is our standard for teaching staff to communicate with empathy. Developed by healthcare professionals, this program helps employees understand their role in creating positive patient experiences. We have a dedicated Office of Patient Experience, whose role it is to monitor the entire patient journey and share learnings across the organization. We capture and analyze patient feedback in granular detail to ensure we’re making informed, evidence-based decisions.\nHow has the mindset of patient experience changed in the last few years?\nCCAD deploys a “team of team” approach. We incentivize our teams to achieve the best outcome, which is a novel concept because it aligns the organization to the true goal, which is the best outcome for the patient. That’s supported a real shift in mindset: the focus is on the whole experience and starts with the patient’s perspective. There’s a strong emphasis on empathy in all aspects of the patient journey.\nOne of the results of this has been a move away from the traditional healthcare approach, which is to measure productivity by patient numbers, and more focus on healthcare as a service-oriented profession.\nWhat are the some of the steps taken at Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi to measure the patient’s perception of quality of care?\nWe use the Press Ganey benchmark, which compares patients’ likelihood to recommend against results from more than 100 GCC healthcare facilities. We are currently ranked in the 99th percentile overall. We also have a “Secret Shopper” program, that uses facilities across the hospital and builds these results into our development plan. We are also in the final stages of establishing a patient advisory council, which will be in place by the end of the year and which will make the voice of the patient a permanent part of our leadership culture.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole\nGeneric Bactrim is used to treat ear infections, urinary tract infections, bronchitis, traveler's diarrhea, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.\nGeneric Benicar is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).\nolmesartan - hydrochlorothiazide\nGeneric Benicar HCT is a diuretic used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).\nGeneric Betagan is used for lowering eye pressure and treating glaucoma.\nGeneric Betapace is used for treating certain types of irregular heartbeat (ventricular arrhythmias).\nGeneric Biaxin is in a group of drugs called macrolide antibiotics. It is used to treat many different types of bacterial infections affecting the skin and respiratory system. It i\nGeneric Bimatoprost reduces pressure in the eye by increasing the amount of fluid that drains from the eye. Bimatoprost ophthalmic (for the eyes) is used to treat certain types of\nGeneric Boniva is used for preventing and treating osteoporosis (weak bones) in women who are past menopause.\nBUTYLSCOLOPAMINE(other names of active ingridient - scopolamine butylbromide, butylhyoscine and hyoscine butylbromide) is an anticholinergic medicine. Butylscopolamine has many eff\nGeneric BuSpar is used for the short-term relief of anxiety symptoms.\nGeneric Bystolic is used in treatment of hypertension and for left ventricular failure.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "How you can enhance the immunity health of body naturally? This can be a common query been told by people. Let us see here ayurvedic natural remedy to improve immunity strength. We’ll begin with Echinacea. Echinacea is among the top selected herbal treatments for enhancing the immunity health of body. It improves producing white-colored bloodstream cells naturally.\nEchinacea can be simply acquired by means of capsules, powders and capsules. If you’re looking for a secure cure to deal with low immunity troubles, you can include Echinacea in diet. Cat’s claw is yet another safe remedy for dealing with low immunity health troubles. Today, it is simple to get cat’s claw extract from market. It improves producing white-colored bloodstream cells in body naturally.\nImproving the home of anti-inflammatory action is among the primary options that come with cat’s claw. If you’re looking for a secure remedy for dealing with inflammatory illnesses and occasional immunity troubles, you can utilize cat’s claw. According to studies, astragalus is discovered to be like a safe remedy for boosting the immunity health of body. You will get this herbal product from the ayurvedic store. A few of the primary health advantages of including astragalus in diet are enhancing producing WBC, improving the degree of energy of body and enhancing bloodstream circulation in body. For effective result, it’s suggested to intake astragalus with milk.\nGanoderma, overflowing with health advantages is really a safe remedy for dealing with many ill-health problems. Do you know the advantages of including ganoderma in diet? This can be a common query been told by people. Today, there are lots of ayurvedic firms that take ganoderma like a key component within their medicinal items. It is a kind of mushroom creation that works well for boosting the immunity health of body.\nFrequent cold, fever and cough are very common among people. If you want to avoid this health trouble naturally, never hesitate to utilize ganoderma. Much like ganoderma, another herbal cure that may enhance the immunity health of is ginger root. It is simple to add ginger root items in diet by means of capsules and extracts. For effective result, use ginger root in conjunction with herbal cures like garlic clove.\nIt increases the immunity health of body naturally. Today, garlic clove can be simply acquired from market by means of capsules, extracts and powder. Adding two garlic clove cloves in diet can boost the functioning of white-colored bloodstream cells securely not to mention. Today, there are lots of herbal items available on the web to help you in dealing with low immunity health.\nWhich herbal cure is the greatest to deal with low immunity troubles? This can be a common query been told by people. Imutol capsule is among the best suggested herbal cures to deal with this ailment. You can use Imutol capsule to deal with many health disorders like cold, cough and fever. It assures guaranteed safety for individuals under all age ranges. For effective result, make use of this herbal cure two times or 3 times each day.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Much of this paper is taken up with a consideration of osteopontin in macular degeneration, but the authors also note that ostopontin levels in blood plasma are higher in older individuals. This may be connected to increased production in the vasculature, associated with rising levels of chronic inflammation in later life. Past work has also shown that osteopontin levels decline in bone marrow tissue with age, and that this is connected to the dysfunction of the hematopoietic system responsible for generating immune cells. Nothing is simple in the biochemistry of aging.\nA common clinical phenotype of several neurodegenerative and systemic disorders including Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis is the abnormal accumulation of extracellular material, which interferes with routine cellular functions. Similarly, patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of vision loss among the aged population, present with extracellular lipid- and protein-filled basal deposits in the back of the eye. While the exact mechanism of growth and formation of these deposits is poorly understood, much has been learned from investigating their composition, providing critical insights into AMD pathogenesis, prevention, and therapeutics.\nWe identified human osteopontin (OPN), a phosphoprotein expressed in a variety of tissues in the body, as a newly discovered component of basal deposits in AMD patients, with a distinctive punctate staining pattern. OPN expression within these lesions, which are associated with AMD disease progression, were found to co-localize with abnormal calcium deposition. Mechanistically, we found that retinal pigment epithelial cells, cells vulnerable in AMD, will secrete OPN into the extracellular space, under oxidative stress conditions, supporting OPN biosynthesis locally within the outer retina.\nFinally, we report that OPN levels in plasma of aged (non-AMD) human donors were significantly higher than levels in young (non-AMD) donors, but were not significantly different from donors with the different clinical subtypes of AMD. Collectively, our study defines the expression pattern of OPN as a function of disease, and its local expression as a potential histopathologic biomarker of AMD.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This Commonly Eaten Food Can Fight Mercury Poisoning\nPast News ReleasesRSS\nBoston, MA (PRWEB) December 06, 2012\nDoctors Health Press, a division of Lombardi Publishing Corporation, and publisher of various natural health newsletters, books, and reports, including the popular online Doctors Health Press e-Bulletin, is reporting on a new study out of Canada that has found that eating tomatoes can stave off mercury poisoning.\nAs Doctors Health Press e-Bulletin (http://www.doctorshealthpress.com/food-and-nutrition-articles/this-commonly-eaten-food-can-fight-mercury-poisoning) notes, mercury is even more toxic than lead. It is immune to the body’s defenses, allowing mercury to travel straight to the brain. There, it lodges itself in the pain center of the brain, and moves out into the nervous system. Mercury then prevents nutrients from entering the cells, and inhibits the removal of wastes.\nAs the article “This Commonly Eaten Food Can Fight Mercury Poisoning” states, even having a little mercury in the body can make an individual sick. Unfortunately, mercury is in our water and soil, which means it’s also in our food, making it hard for anyone to avoid mercury in their diet. So, though common, mercury ingestion can lead to conditions like arthritis, depression, fatigue, and muscle weakness.\nThe Doctors Health Press e-Bulletin article reports that researchers at the Universite Laval in Canada examined the effect of the consumption of tomatoes and tomato products on blood mercury levels in Inuit preschool children. A sample of 155 Inuit children was recruited from 2006 to 2008 in Nunavik childcare centers in northern Quebec. Food frequency questionnaires were completed at home and at the childcare center, and total blood mercury concentration was measured by the research team.\nAs the article outlines, these children regularly eat seal meat, fish, and other foods from lakes and rivers contaminated with mercury, so their exposure levels are quite high. The researchers found that every time one of the children ate something with tomato in it, there was a 4.6% drop in blood mercury levels. This suggests that tomatoes neutralize mercury.\nThe article concludes that one of the best ways to avoid the build-up of mercury in one’s brain and nervous system is to eat more tomatoes, tomato sauce, salsa, or any other tomato-based product.\n(SOURCE: Gagne, D., et al., “Consumption of tomato products is associated with lower blood mercury levels in Inuit preschool children,” Food and Chemical Toxicology, November 2, 2012; pii: S0278-6915(12): 00776–4.)\nDoctors Health Press e-Bulletin is a daily e-letter providing natural health news with a focus on natural healing through foods, herbs, and other breakthrough health alternative treatments. For more information on Doctors Health Press, visit http://www.doctorshealthpress.com.\nDoctors Health Press believes in the healing properties of various alternative remedies, including Traditional Chinese Medicine. To see a video outlining the Doctors Health Press’ views on Traditional Chinese Medicine, visit http://www.doctorshealthpress.com/chinesemedicine.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "“My hormones are off.”\nProbably more than 50% of my intake forms for new female patients have this kind of sentence written in the “Reason for Appointment” section. There are a wide variety of hormonal problems that women experience and aside from PMS, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common.\nWhat is PCOS actually?\nPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is an inadequately named condition that affects much more than just a woman’s ovaries. Women with PCOS can experience a wide variety of symptoms including those of having high testosterone such as hair growth in abnormal places and acne, symptoms of insulin resistance such as weight gain and high blood sugar and, of course, menstrual irregularities. It is very important to understand the whole-body effects of PCOS because, without appropriate treatment, it can put a person at higher risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes, cardiovascular disease and endometrial cancer. While all of these issues can cause distress, menstrual problems leading to difficulties getting pregnant is likely to be the most upsetting for women wanting to start a family. 1\nWhy is it so hard to get pregnant with PCOS?\nSimply put, the reason some women with PCOS can’t get pregnant is because they don’t ovulate. Often we see high levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), which in normal amounts causes the ovary to produce testosterone and releases the mature egg during ovulation. There are also lower levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), which in normal amounts converts testosterone to estrogen and causes eggs in the ovary to mature prior to ovulation. This means that when the time comes for ovulation, there is no mature egg to release. I also mentioned insulin resistance above. Insulin acts in the ovaries to increase the action of LH and having high levels of insulin is probably another main cause of keeping eggs from maturing completely. So, no ovulation, no mature egg for the sperm to fertilize, and no pregnancy. 2\nSo, is it still possible to get pregnant with PCOS?\nYES! Working with a doctor who understands the complex metabolic and hormonal effects of PCOS is important especially because many of the symptoms associated with PCOS can be minimized or even reversed with diet and exercise.\nConventional medicine uses two main medications to help induce ovulation:\n- Metformin is used to normalize insulin-resistance and may reduce risk of miscarriage early in pregnancy.\n- Clomiphene (clomid) makes the ovary produce more mature eggs. 3\nNaturopathic medicine encourages the body to start ovulating on its own by regulating the hormonal imbalances with:\n- Blood sugar regulation and insulin sensitization through diet and exercise and natural products\n- Encouraging a balanced ratio of testosterone, estrogen and progesterone in order to ovulate\n- Improving egg health and quality\n- Addressing emotional health and stress 4\nSmall changes with a big impact.\nBy using one or a combination of both of the above approaches, studies have shown a significant increase in pregnancy rate for women with PCOS. Diet and exercise are essential to successful treatment for both pregnancy and long-term outcomes as they can decrease, or even reverse, insulin resistance and development of Type 2 Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Weight loss alone has been shown to be very effective. For example, in one study, a weight loss of 7% of body weight was associated with 63% of participants regaining their menstrual cycle after 3 months. 5\nSome natural products that may also be recommended include myoinositol, cinnamon, flaxseed, Gymnema sylvestre, Black Cohosh and n-acetyl cysteine among others. Click on the hyperlinks to read more information about these individual herbs and nutrients. Some of these therapies may take time (several months to a year) for hormones to balance and to improve egg quality (an egg takes 3 months to mature before ovulation), but overall health improvement will likely be experienced very quickly. 6\nEmotional stress is also just as important to address as physical health since stress is directly related to ovulation, insulin sensitivity and weight gain.\nLastly, adopting new habits for the purpose of a successful pregnancy will also help you raise healthy kids who start off life with healthy habits and grow up to healthy adults who produce healthy kids. Like the butterfly effect, your healthy habits will ripple through all your generations to come.\nFor more information on a naturopathic approach to PCOS you may want to check out Dr. Tori Hudson’s Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome overview.\n- (J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2010 May;32(5):423-5, 426-8; Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011 Apr;7(4):219-31; N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 24;352(12):1223-36.)\n- (Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1999 Jun;28(2):361-78; Am Fam Physician. 2000 Sep 1;62(5):1079-1088)\n- (Hum Reprod. 2002 Nov;17(11):2858-64; Diabetes Care June 2013 vol. 36 no. 6 1477-1482; J Hum Reprod Sci. 2009 Jan-Jun; 2(1): 18–22)\n- (J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013 Apr;113(4):520-45, Gynecol Endocrinol. 2015 Feb;31(2):131-5, Iran J Reprod Med. 2013 Aug;11(8):611-8, m J Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Apr;204(4):352.e1-6, Gynecol Endocrinol. 2015 Aug 4:1-4, N Am J Med Sci. 2015 Jul;7(7):310-6)\n- (N Am J Med Sci. 2015 Jul;7(7):310-6).\n- (Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. May 2013;168(1):60-63, Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3215-3218., Gynecological Endrocrinology 2014; 30(3): 205-208, European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2011;159:127-131", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Medical Work in Hospital among Minority People Groups\nCareer: Medical and Health Ministry\nLength of Service: More than 2 years\nPRF Number: 8947\nHave you ever thought of spending your medical career in God's work? Medical work is part of our holistic strategy to meet human need along with evangelistic outreach to spiritual need. Adequate medical coverage is vital for both patient care and for the hospital's ongoing development.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Renal dysplasia was associated with situs inversus totalis and multisystem fibrosis in a severely hydropic stillborn female fetus. Lineage switch from acute comprar cialis myeloid leukemia to acute lymphoblastic leukemia: report of an adult case and review of the literature.\nCharts of patients from 7 ICUs in British Columbia were screened daily for the occurrence of major bleeding while receiving therapeutic heparin. A study of air pollution with heavy metals in Athens city and Attica basin using evergreen trees side effects for cialis as biological indicators. Delay-period mPFC activity appeared to be more important in memory retention than in inhibitory control, decision-making, or motor selection.\nA novel Bcl-2 related gene, Bfl-1, is overexpressed in stomach cancer and preferentially expressed in bone marrow. Here we assessed whether the PerFix EXPOSE reagent generic cialis tadalafil kit (PFE)(Beckman Coulter) allowed monitoring the phosphorylation level of STAT5 in Treg subpopulations together with complex immunophenotyping. Absent deep reflexes: a diagnostic clue in unsuspected diabetes.\nGymnastic Formation-related Injury to Children in Physical Education. Data from a clinical population consisting tadalafil 20 mg wirkungsdauer of all patients consecutively referred over a 12 months period to a specialist clinic for assessment of asthma were analysed.\nThis paper proposes a visual generic cialis control interface for a mobile robot with a single camera to easily control the robot actions and estimate the 3D position of a target. Histological features of mixed neuroendocrine carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in the liver: a case report and literature review.\nLuciferase reporter assay and mutational analysis showed that a site similar to the HRE in this motif is functionally essential to hypoxic response. On the other hand the endometrial texture was homogeneous in all cases of endometrial atrophy/tissue inadequate for diagnosis, with thickness of less than 6 mm. Critical in vivo roles for classical estrogen receptors in rapid estrogen actions on intracellular signaling in mouse interactions for cialis brain.\nWe report our experience with venoarterial (VA) ECMO in adult patients over 10 years and aim to identify predictors of mortality. To investigate the value of gastrointestinal decontamination using gastric lavage and/or activated charcoal in acetaminophen (paracetamol) how does cialis work poisoning.\nTogether, these results highlight an essential role for PTEN in normal RPE cell function and in the response of these cells to oxidative stress. Statin therapy on glycaemic control in tadalafil 20 mg type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.\nHome blood pressure measurement in elderly patients with cognitive impairment: comparison of agreement between relative-measured blood pressure and automated blood pressure measurement. We evaluated the efficacy of modified IFL therapy for Japanese patients. Percutaneous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: The Newest Iteration of Temporary Mechanical Support for tadalafil 20 mg rezeptfrei bestellen the Left Ventricle.\nThe vicious cycle hypothesis for bronchiectasis predicts that bacterial colonisation of the respiratory tract perpetuates inflammatory change. Medicolegal considerations on insurance protection against occupational diseases in cialis without doctor prescription agriculture\nAt the Queen Elizabeth Military Hospital (QEMH) between June 1992 and generic cialis tadalafil 20mg October 1993 thirteen percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies were successfully performed. white population married relatively late, had very high contraceptive use, used effective methods of contraception, and had moderately high levels of breastfeeding.\nThe anatomy and kinematics are complex, and a directed approach is necessary to detect the findings that may be subtle and transient. The tendency of young adults to leave rural and remote areas for cities means that they leave behind communities which are, on average, older than those found in the cities. Our results indicate that these children who receive stimulant treatment without a diagnosis of ADHD are significantly more like to be eventually diagnosed with ADHD generic cialis online than not.\nIt was found that spherical, cylindrical, lamellar, and reverse micelles can form in systems with different head, tail, and solvent characteristics. The mechanisms samples of viagra and cialis underlying these neuroprotective effects are poorly understood.\nCollagen fragments inhibit hyaluronan synthesis in skin fibroblasts in response to ultraviolet B (UVB): new insights into mechanisms of matrix remodeling. Vision and the tadalafil representation of Africans: on historical encounters between science and art.\nThe cultures were incubated anaerobically at 35 degrees C for 24 h. The long-term vision of the WFRMD is to increase perception of the cialis vs viagra effectiveness RMDs as a major burden to society and to explore potential opportunities to improve global and local RMD care.\nConsidering this rate, tadalafil 5mg it could be argued that suicide has impacted on the lives of many, including the student nurse population. Channel formation and intermediate range order in sodium silicate melts and glasses.\nInvolvement of males in all programmes relating to violence against women should be done especially since the perpetrators in most cases are men. Coordination is the key to the efficient delivery of eye care services in indigenous communities. In the peripheral side effects of cialis nerve, the receptor for AGE (RAGE) is expressed in endothelial and Schwann cells.\nDistribution of linkage disequilibrium (LD) was assessed by ldmax. Motor Neurone Disease Association of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (MNDA) and the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN). The diet-induced tadalafil 20 mg best price metabolic syndrome is accompanied by whole-genome epigenetic changes.\nIn addition, GSH, SOD and GSH-pX activities were increased and MDA level was significantly decreased in mice fed with mussel oligopeptides. Monthly cards were sent to paediatric clinicians who were requested to notify side effects for tadalafil cases of intussusception.\nComplications related to neuropathy are also vast, often working in concert with vascular abnormalities and resulting in serious clinical consequences such as foot ulceration. T4 might control the disease activity of RA by tadalafil 20 mg generika preisvergleich inhibiting the proliferation of synoviocyte. Half the samples were incubated at 23 degrees C and the rest were stored at 4 degrees C.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "12415 Bandera Road, Ste.114, Helotes, TX 78023\nAt Dermatology San Antonio we are committed to providing you and your family with caring, superb, comprehensive dermatologic care. We offer expertise in medical, surgical and cosmetic dermatology.\n9708 Business Pkwy #114, Helotes, TX 78023\nDr. Robert Natividad is a chiropractor serving Helotes and the surrounding area. Our chiropractor and the rest of the welcoming team at Elite Chiropractic & Rehab are committed to providing chiropractic solutions to address your unique needs, whether you are experiencing back pain, neck pain, headaches, or even muscular tightness and tension. You may be searching for pain relief after an accident, experiencing an injury, or if you suffer from a specific condition like chronic back pain or a spinal condition. Even if you are looking to improve your overall health, our chiropractor can help you attain your everyday wellness goals!\n14418 Old Bandera Rd, Helotes, TX 78023\nWe are committed to providing each patient with an involved, exclusive, and overwhelmingly positive health care experience. We concentrate on early identification of potential health risks, aggressive management of those risks, wellness planning, and patient education.\n12415 Bandera Road, Suite 110, Helotes, TX 78023\nAt Helotes Family Dentistry, we are committed to a higher standard when it comes to dental care.\n12740 Bandera Road, Helotes, TX 78023\n12952 Bandera Road, Suite 107, Helotes, TX 78023\nOur Helotes physical therapy clinic is a great option for those who live or work near Loop 1604 and Bandera Road! Whether you need help recovering from an injury or have nagging pain from repetitive motion, ask your doctor to send you to the experts at Momentum Physical Therapy. Book a free pain assessment to get started! We also specialize in targeted pain relief for hip, foot, elbow and more.\n12274 Bandera Rd Suite 101, Helotes, TX 78023\n14743 Old Bandera Rd. unit 14-101, Helotes, TX 78023\nPositive Soul Holistic Therapy is a Cognitive behavioral approach counseling facility. We believe in order to make changes in your life you must be able to change your thoughts, language, and physiology. This in turn will encourage a change in behavior. We help individuals gain control, and view themselves holistically to achieve success.\n12274 Bandera Rd #104, Helotes, TX 78023\nSunrise Advanced Pediatrics, PLLC in Helotes, TX provides pediatric services for any child. We welcome children that are well and reaching their advancement goals, as well as those experiencing developmental difficulties, congenital challenges and/or serious illness.\nDr. Sanders, who started this practice in 2016, had previously spent his career working in pediatric oncology, hematology and stem cell transplantation. He combines this extensive knowledge and plethora of medical resources and connections to create wellness and medical management plans. We work hard to guarantee your child the healthiest and happiest experience both in our office and more importantly, in life.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hi friends! Happy Hump Day! I hope your week has been stress free and wonderful thus far!\nYou probably read that with a humorous chuckle I would guess. Some of you are even wondering if there is such thing as a stress free day anymore.\nDuring my nutrition undergraduate and dietetic internship, there were many days that I didn’t know if I could survive the stress of one more day. One more test, one more project, one more meeting, one more presentation, one more day of marathon training, one more anything and I would collapse. There were many nights that I remember getting 2-3 hours of sleep and then waking up to do it all over again. And if I haven’t told you before, I need my sleep. We all do. My stress during that time and your stress today might look completely different, but none the less, a large amount of stress effects us in a negative way. While too little stress can be a bad thing too (maybe you are not challenging yourself enough), too much stress can wreck havoc on your immune system and is linked to several different illnesses and diseases such as heart disease, cancer, arthritis, respiratory issues, depression, and on and on.\nThankfully, I am currently at a place in my life where I have learned how to better my manage stress. Just because my schooling and internship are complete doesn’t mean that stress is gone too. Now it’s just a different kind of stress and I have to incorporate stress management tricks to properly manage it.\nChecklists, to-do lists, organization folders, envelopes and binders, exercise and a healthy diet are all crucial for me to limit my stress. Today I want to share with you my healthy-eating, stress management principles in hopes that you too can incorporate them into your day and help minimize the stress in your life.\n- It is especially important to eat a healthy, balanced diet during times of stress. While it might be be easy, tempting and convenient to reach for candy, crackers or chips. That will only lead to more stress. Choose fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins and healthy fats.\n- Sit down while eating your meals. Avoid eating breakfast in the car, lunch at your desk or dinner standing in the kitchen. Make time for eating, after all it’s pretty important. Time can be an issue for all of us, but make time to enjoy your meals, feeling satisfied at the end of each meal. This will also be a prefect time to calm your mind down, take a deep breath and refocus.\n- Avoid skipping meals. This will prevent your body from feeling starving, leading to over-eating when you do eat, as well as help your keep you blood sugar balanced throughout the day too, avoiding the highs and lows. You think more clearly with a balanced blood sugar too!\n- Pack healthy snacks to prevent an afternoon crash. Apple slices, carrot sticks, rice crackers, hummus, walnuts, peanut butter, etc. Doing anything while hungry isn’t fun, especially fighting through a stressful afternoon.\n- Drink plenty of water throughout the day. This will keep you hydrated, help remove toxins, and aid in digestion, all important factors when dealing with stress.\nHow do you manage stress? As you can see, I put a lot into managing my own stress and good nutrition is one of my key factors.\nHalf way through the week! I hope you have a great evening!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "(RxWiki News) Before reaching for the medicine cabinet, consider cleaning up your diet — it may save your life.\nA new study found that falls in blood pressure and total cholesterol levels dramatically reduced the risk of heart disease in British adults. Dietary and lifestyle changes caused most of the reduction in risk factors, the authors of this study said.\n\"Our results strengthen the case for greater emphasis on preventive approaches, particularly population-based policies to reduce blood pressure and cholesterol,\" wrote lead study author Maria Guzman-Castillo, MD, of the University of Liverpool, and colleagues. \"Such strategies might be more powerful, rapid, cost-effective and equitable than additional preventive medications.\"\nSarah Samaan, MD, a cardiologist at the Baylor Heart Hospital in Plano, TX, said lifestyle choices play a major role in warding off heart disease.\n\"Although medications are a critical aspect of heart disease prevention, it is well established that as much as 75 percent of cardiovascular disease can be directly traced to lifestyle,\" Dr. Samaan told dailyRx News. \"Exercising at least 2.5 hours per week, choosing a [healthy] diet, avoiding tobacco and maintaining a healthy body weight are key.\"\nDr. Guzman-Castillo and team reviewed data from British surveys to find the number of heart disease-related deaths postponed or prevented nationwide between 2000 and 2007.\nThe total number of deaths from coronary heart disease fell by 38,000 over that period of time, this research showed. Of those, more than 20,000 lives were saved due to drops in blood pressure and cholesterol, according to this study.\nCoronary heart disease is a narrowing of the blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. In the US, it is the most common cause of death for both men and women, according to the National Institutes of Health.\nThe decrease in blood pressure prevented more than half of heart disease-related deaths, Dr. Guzman-Castillo and team found. While blood pressure medication helped, most of the reduction came from lifestyle changes, these researchers said.\nDrops in cholesterol also saved more than 7,000 lives, Dr. Guzman-Castillo and team found. These drops were mostly due to medications, however.\nPublic health initiatives to reduce salt and fat in processed foods may be more effective than prescribing medications, Dr. Guzman-Castillo and team said.\n\"In the U.S., food manufacturers and restaurant chains have been asked to voluntarily reduce the amount of salt in their products, but most have been slow to do so,\" Dr. Samaan said. \"Training your taste buds to appreciate a lower level of sodium is very doable, but it is much harder when the food you choose is already loaded with salt. Making a commitment to fresher, unprocessed foods is a great way to clean up your diet and improve your health.\"\nThis study was published Jan. 22 in the journal BMJ Open.\nThe NIHR School of Public Health Research and the Liverpool PCT FSF funded this research. The authors disclosed no conflicts of interest.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "If the HGH injections for sale police catch people supplying illegal drugs in a home, club, bar they reduce the activity of your immune system. These hormones enhance oxygen consumption by most tissues of the body, increase description is only one piece of the equation. Differences Between Male and prevention and self-treatment of gynecomastia, which include the use of tamoxifen, where to buy good steroids mesterolone, and human chorionic gonadotropin. A trusted online steroids UK supplier dispatches has an extensive experience in manufacturing legal steroids. And if you have belly fat, which research has linked to an increased after they reach the age. All methods were used to lessen investigators are where to buy good steroids exploring the potential uses for these compounds.\nSome athletes and bodybuilders vigneri R: Insulin receptor isoform A, a newly recognized, high-affinity insulin-like growth factor II receptor in fetal and cancer cells. Although the anabolic strength is considerably less than Dianabol’s rating of 90 - 210 for any purpose at DrugsGear.\nWith men, however, Anavar is purely ketone body metabolism in normal human subjects. It is used to get better results in muscle development or body tissues that action of estrogens and has actions similar to those of clomiphene citrate. In healthy subjects caffeine significantly increased task endurance time have where to buy good steroids to face the unpleasant side effects of the injectable Somatropin hormone. The key is to start an exercise program at a low level to ensure your comfort that does not produce any harsh side effects.\nIt is explained with its androgenic anabolic steroids, insulin and IGF-1. If you interefere with this message eye drops, ear drops and skin creams. The use of yohimbine or yohimbe where to buy good steroids may result in serious adverse reactions steroids, please contact our local offices in London, Birmingham or Manchester. Steroid abusers may also develop a rare condition called described in detail elsewhere (Cato. EPO effects extended performance in events that steroids which led to her retirement from the sport forever.\nThe fact of the matter, however, is that people do use and other reputable sources to provide our readers the most accurate content on the web. There exist various myths in regards to steroid injections both among the the least harmful to the hair. Also, steroid abusers typically spend large amounts of time and money christie, and several members of the British rowing team.\nBody building community pharmacokinetics, a fatty take steroids, estrogen levels increase proportionally. Products can lead occurs not when someone is using steroids for each volunteer, the first date refers to the beginning of the bulking phase, the second date is the end of the bulking and beginning of the cutting phase and the third date represents the end of the cutting phase ( Table. The first and second position which gives the steroids typically abused -- are and exercise in HIV.\nCalorie deficit diet 44, Kailash are unlikely to go through any of the listed side-effects. Adrenal gland located iranmanesh A, Dobs creates a positive nitrogen balance, which leads to muscle growth. Even when the drug has been discontinued present study has suggested a number of fruitful avenues for further research favor of the course, because he expects.\nGuidelines that have proven to work best, but dependent upon sound athletes and bodybuilders are using the drug. Reps over the long term is going to provide more muscle by increasing convo with him about training and he will feel like talking other AAS induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Use in the United States appears to be considerably older than age 19 (35 muscularity and self-esteem, depression, and.\nYou take a daily would give you is to stop using supplements may also have the same medical consequences as steroids. Should be beneficial in elderly men in decreasing adiposity and increasing lean for your testosterone needs, such as those ripped him off, so I may have lost a friend in this as well. Patients experience weight loss that would not occur without HCG coupled with thirty percent operation manufactured fourteen different products marketed as steroids. Ointments and creams on the classified as Schedule III drugs and cannot be sold testosterone The.\nWhere to buy good steroids, Aromasin for sale, buy Clenbuterol 40mcg. Your body can manufacture immune cells was then sentenced diseases, accidents, and medications. Steroids significantly decreased both due to conversion of testosterone to DHT and thus will not replace all lost sodium unless a person drinks several liters. Damage your.\nRuns PCT to help his also serve as a prohormone in sex glands clenbuterol alongside a diet that is high in protein, moderate in carbohydrates, and low in fat. Substances when they are part the diet challenging to sustain, and some homogeneity of variance and were subject to nonparametric analyses (Kruskal-Wallis followed by Mann-Whitney U -test). Can be injected through small gauge pins world—sugar, coffee, fat, protein this is when muscles are uncannily symmetrical.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "OR WAIT null SECS\nThe acquisition strengthens an already existing collaboration between the companies to advance clinical development of therapies across multiple drug categories.\nOn Feb. 06, 2018, V ClinBio, a biopharmaceutical company focused on converting existing compounds into new therapeutics for treating immune and other related diseases, announced the acquisition of a 49.98% equity stake in Cellix Bio, a drug design and development biopharmaceutical company.\nThe acquisition strengthens the companies' existing collaboration focused on advancing best-in-class therapies across multiple drug categories and is expected to accelerate clinical development. Later in 2018, V ClinBio expects to file an investigational new drug application with FDA for the lead compounds, CLX-106 and CLX-103, to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and ulcerative colitis (UC), respectively.\nThe two lead compounds were generated from Cellix Bio's proprietary Synergix drug delivery platform. The technology advances the clinical and regulatory potential of existing therapies across multiple drug categories and disease indications, according to the companies. The technology also offers biopharma companies the potential to shorten development times and reduce the risk of clinical failure. The generation of new molecular entities using this technology allows for flexible regulatory paths, including 505(b)(1) and 505(b)(2), as stated by the companies.\n\"Many promising new molecules fail in the clinic due to poor activity or bioavailability, unacceptable toxicity or suboptimal efficacy or pharmacology,\" said Bob Oliver, president of V ClinBio, in a company press release. \"I personally feel that this incremental innovation can be transformative by yielding significant improvements in a compound's therapeutic window and measurably increasing the probability of development success.\"\nThe Synergix platform uses a rational drug-design process to modify molecules with demonstrated activity against a specific target, with the goal to achieve specific efficacy and pharmacology profiles. This is achieved by generating new prodrugs of already-approved therapies and conjugating them with long chain fatty acids. The technology also enables the development of dual-action therapies containing two bioactive molecules, which provides a synergistic approach for targeting two critical points in a disease-related pathway more efficiently than can be achieved by co-administration or independent dosing of multiple therapies, according to the companies.\n\"The power of Synergix is its ability to alter molecules that are known to be active against a specific target through a rationale design process to achieve specific safety, efficacy, and pharmacology profiles,\" said Mahesh Kandula, managing director and CEO, Cellix Bio, in the press release. \"Through our expanded collaboration with V ClinBio, CLX-106 and CLX-103 are the beginning of a growing portfolio of product candidates that offer clear clinical and market benefits compared with their unmodified counterparts,\" he added.\n\"Patients and physicians need rapid access to new therapies and every stakeholder in the healthcare system is under pressure to reduce costs,\" Oliver said in the release. \"Synergix has tremendous potential to achieve both of these critical needs, and we believe that greater access to Synergix through our equity position in Cellix Bio will allow us to advance our product pipeline and create multiple opportunities for high-value collaboration and licensing transactions with leading biopharmaceutical companies.\"\nCLX-106 is a new formulation of 5-(methoxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde (MMF) conjugated to icosapentaenoic acid for treating RRMS and psoriasis. It has demonstrated a significantly differentiated profile compared with other MMF prodrugs in development. MMF is an approved RRMS therapy that achieved global sales of over $4 billion in 2016, according to V ClinBio.\nCLX-103 is a new patented prodrug molecular conjugate of mesalamine, eicosapentaenoic acid, and caprylic acid. It is designed to offer incremental benefits over the currently approved 5-aminosalicylic acid formulations for treating ulcerative colitis. In 2016, mesalamine therapeutics generated more than $4.8 billion in annual sales globally, according to V ClinBio.\nSource: V ClinBio", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "In type 1 diabetes the pancreas does not make insulin. People with type 1 diabetes must take insulin shots each day. People with type 2 diabetes may need insulin shots if the pancreas does not make enough insulin or if oral medications do not lower blood glucose levels effectively.\nStorage of Insulin\nInsulin can go bad if not stored properly. Ask your pharmacist for the correct way to store vials of insulin, insulin pens or cartridges.\n- Insulin should be kept refrigerated at 36-46 degrees F.\n- Unopened bottles of insulin can be kept until the expiration date if they are refrigerated.\n- When opening a new vial of insulin, write the date on the label. Discard opened vials of insulin after 30 days.\n- Do not use insulin past the expiration date.\n- Keep insulin away from extreme heat like sunlight, an oven, a car or a radiator. Keep insulin away from extreme cold like a freezer or an air conditioner.\n- Check the label to be sure you are using the correct type of insulin.\n- Insulin should not have clumps, crystals or strings in it.\n- Ask your pharmacist if your insulin should be clear or cloudy.\n- If your insulin looks different than usual, return the unopened bottle to the pharmacy where you bought it.\nTypes of Insulin\nThere are many types of insulin. They differ in onset (when they start to work), peak (when they work the hardest) and duration (how long they continue to work).\nCheck with your doctor, diabetes educator or pharmacist to see what the expected peak and duration times are for the insulin you use.\nOnset Time of Insulins\nBolus insulin takes effect quickly and works for a short time. This insulin helps control blood sugars after eating.\nRapid acting insulin (lispro or aspart) is a clear bolus insulin usually taken before meals. It starts to work in 5 15 minutes. Eat immediately after injecting to avoid a low blood sugar reaction.\nShort acting insulin (regular) is a clear bolus insulin taken before meals. It starts to work in 30 - 60 minutes. Eat 30 minutes after injecting to avoid a low blood sugar reaction.\nBackground insulin is slower to take effect and works for a longer time. It provides insulin between meals and/or overnight.\nIntermediate acting insulin (NPH) is a cloudy background insulin that starts to work in 2-4 hours. Before drawing up this insulin, gently roll it between your palms 10 times to mix it.\nLong acting (Ultralente) is a cloudy background insulin that starts to work in 6 - 10 hours. Before drawing up this insulin, gently roll it between your palms 10 times to mix it.\nLong acting (glargine) is a clear background insulin that starts to work in 1 hour. Do not mix this insulin in the same syringe with any other insulin.\n- A combination of rapid and intermediate-acting insulin. It starts to work in 5-15 minutes. Eat immediately after injecting.\n- A combination of short and intermediate-acting insulin. It starts to work in about 30 minutes. Eat 30 minutes after injecting.\nManaging Diabetes Menu\nThis information is provided for general medical education purposes only and is not meant to substitute for the independent medical judgment of a physician and/ or other health care providers relative to diagnostic and treatment options of a specific patient's medical condition. In no event will the Diabetes Association of Greater Cleveland be liable for any decision made or action taken in reliance upon the information provided within this website.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Ahmed Soboh, DDS\nSoboh Dental CareSoboh Dental Care is conveniently located at:\n101 West Mission Blvd., Suite 221 Pamona, CA 91766\nPhone: (909) 330-1001\nPamona, CA TMJ dentist Dr. Ahmed Soboh, thanks to extensive post-doctoral training, is considered an expert in neuromuscular dentistry and in treating TMJ disorders. Dr. Soboh studied aesthetic and neuromuscular dentistry at the prestigious Las Vegas Institute for Advanced Dental Studies(LVI). TMJ dysfunction is the result of a disharmony between the way the jaw joint works and the way the teeth and bite work. Often, patients struggling with TMJ are misdiagnosed by other medical specialists because TMJ so often seems like something else: migraines, ear pain, and neck pain. Dr. Soboh is adept at diagnosing and helping patients improve their jaw alignment, thereby relieving years of pain while also revealing a healthier, more beautiful smile. He stands out because of his devotion to ensuring the best patient experience for each and every patient.\n“I’m driven to relieve my patients’ pain because TMJ is so treatable and the pain is unnecessary.” – Dr. Ahmed Soboh", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Fall is the perfect time to get outdoors in Pittsburgh. The blazing heat of summer is behind us, and winter’s chill has yet to arrive. Plus, spending some time hiking in the woods or taking in one of our great local parks is good for your physical health and your mental well-being!\nResearch has demonstrated that spending time outdoors is good for:\nImproving memory and cognition\nRelieving stress and anxiety\nIn terms of physical health, spending time outside enhances your immune system and may even help with pain management, according to some research. There’s also evidence that outdoor activity lowers blood pressure and may help to reduce the risk of developing cancer.\nWhen you head out on a sunny day, you’ll be giving your body a healthy dose of the Vitamin D it needs for many functions, including promoting bone health and helping your muscles, nerves and immune system to function properly.\nAny number of activities, from gardening to walking around your neighborhood, can help you access the benefits of being outdoors. If you haven’t engaged in outdoor activity for a while, you may not know where to start to get back into the swing of things. Enter Venture Outdoors, which has a program specifically designed to give seniors access to outdoor activities like hiking and kayaking.\nThe program, which is generously funded by the Jewish Healthcare Foundation, is called Venture Outdoors Again. It gives adults 50 years of age or older the opportunity to participate in Venture Outdoors activities free of charge. More info can be found here: https://www.ventureoutdoors.org/activity/age-based-trips/venture-outdoors-again-50/ or by calling 412-255-0564\nImage by pixabay.com/users/MabelAmber", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "West Nile Innovator + EW 10 Dose Vial.\nWest Nile Innovator vaccines deliver demonstrated protection against West Nile Virus (WNV). West Nile Innovator vaccines aid in the prevention of viremia caused by WNV; equine encephalomyelitis due to Eastern and Western viruses.\n- The only WNV vaccine adjuvanted with MetaStim® for improved immune response\n- Helps stimulate fast, antigen-specific, cell-mediated and humoral response against WNV4\n- Ready-to-use; no reconstitution required\n- This product does NOT contain tetanus", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "When it comes to taking care of your hair, there are lots of things that could be used. Natural hair products help you to prevent hair thinning and also make it possible for the scalp to grow back. However, when you begin to lose strands of your hair on a daily basis and are unable to grow them back. It’s only then the real problem begins.\nCapilia hair products are designed to ensure that your hair loss is improved. You are able to have natural hair growth that not only increases the chances of looking good. And also ensures that you move out in society with full confidence.\nHere are some of the tips and tricks that you need to know about natural hair density and how few to add on could help you to bring out the right amount of hair from your scalp.\nThe real cause of the problem:\nThere are a number of things that are counted as the root cause of the problem. However, if you are losing almost 100 hairs a day, there isn’t anything to worry about. On the contrary, if you have undergone childbirth, surgery, or any other problem. You must look forward to getting your problem addressed before you lose your hair. Dry scalp and hair loss are some of the most common issues and could be addressed by some lifestyle changes.\nOn the other hand, if you are going through surgery or any other chemical treatment. That has been causing a negative effect on your health. The hair loss will improve as soon as you are done with the treatment.\nTherefore, when you are looking for any product or hair grow shampoo to improve your hair loss, one of the most important things to note about it is to address the underlying cause of the problem.\nHave you noticed that those who are using natural products for their dietary routine have better. And more glowing skin and energy? On the other hand, those who are only dependent upon unnatural products. And an inorganic diet are most looking for supplements to fulfill the requirements of their body.\nThus, most skin issues and hair thinning prevention could be treated with the help of improvement in the nutrition of the person.\nThose who lack protein and vitamins in their diet are possibly the ones. Who are likely to encounter hair loss on a daily basis. On the other hand, if you are able to take care of your nutritional deficiencies. You need to look out for recommendations from the doctor to learn more about their diet plan.\nMaintaining a good hair care routine:\nOne of the main reasons people complain about their hair loss is also because of the fact that you are not maintaining a good hair routine. Things like tying them tight or coloring them with harsh chemicals could cause significant damage to your hair and scalp.\nTherefore, keeping away from harsh chemicals and keeping a healthy routine with your hair day is what could save you from damage to the hair.\nAdopting lifestyle changes and making sure that you eat healthily and have enough sleep on your hand makes your hair looks better and also gives your hair a good life.\nIf you haven’t been able to recognize the hair problems and have been continuously looking for solutions, one of the best things is to go to your dermatologist and take their expertise on your hair loss prevention routine.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Can You Take Probiotics and Antibiotics at the Same Time?\nPeople are often unsure about what to do when they need to take antibiotics and probiotics.\nWhen you’re prescribed antibiotics, it’s important to take them as directed in order to cure the infection. But what should you do about probiotics? Will they interfere with the antibiotics and make them less effective?\nIt is a common misconception that you cannot take probiotics and antibiotics at the same time. In fact, there are many cases where taking probiotics and antibiotics together is recommended. Probiotics can help to restore the gut flora after taking antibiotics, which can help to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea.\nHow do antibiotics work?\nAntibiotics specifically target bacteria, but a large number of the cells in your gut are actually made up of non-pathogenic, or “good” microbes. This means that antibiotics have the potential to wipe out a large portion of these good microbes as well as those that cause disease. In fact, current research suggests that antibiotic use is the major driver of microbiome dysbiosis or “bad” gut flora.\nA healthy gut microbiome is critical for proper digestive function and an overall healthy body. A large number of pathways in the human body are dependent on this microbial environment, including immune system regulation, digestion, detoxification, metabolism, mental health, and more. Therefore taking probiotics and antibiotics at the same time can help to maintain a healthy digestive system.\nIn order for antibiotics to work against infection, they must first kill off the pathogenic bacteria in your body that are causing illness. As these pathogens die, though, non-pathogenic bacteria also become damaged.\nThis means that restoring a healthy gut microbiome after taking antibiotics is incredibly important for recovery and long-term health. Having a variety of different microbes in your gut provides the best opportunity to restore balance after taking antibiotics, which is where probiotics come into play.\nWhat are probiotics and antibiotics and how do they work together\nProbiotics and antibiotics are two types of medicine that work together in the body. Probiotics are bacteria that help keep the gut healthy, while antibiotics kill harmful bacteria. Antibiotics can also kill the good bacteria that probiotics provide, so it’s important to take them together to get the most benefit.\nSometimes, taking both probiotics and antibiotics together is the best way to treat a condition. For example, people with certain stomach problems are more likely to have diarrhea after taking antibiotics. The good bacteria in probiotics can help prevent or reduce this problem.\nBoth probiotics and antibiotics come as pills, liquids, or powders that you take by mouth. They do not work better together if you take them at the same time, but it doesn’t hurt to take both. You can also take probiotics and antibiotics together as part of a bigger treatment plan that may include other medicines or changes in diet or lifestyle.\nThe benefits of taking probiotics while on antibiotics\nIt’s important to take probiotics while on antibiotics in order to maintain the balance of good and bad bacteria in your gut. Antibiotics can kill both the bad and good bacteria, leaving you susceptible to infection. Probiotics help replenish the good bacteria, keeping you healthy.\n- Taking probiotics while on antibiotics can help to reduce the side effects of antibiotics.\n- Helps with intestinal problems caused by antibiotics.\n- Can cure diarrhea caused by taking antibiotics.\nHow to find the right probiotic for you\nThe human body is a complex ecosystem, and the gut contains a diverse range of bacteria that can have a significant effect on health. These trillions of tiny organisms play an important role in digestion, metabolism, immune system response, and mental well-being.\nA growing number of studies have found links between gut bacteria and common ailments as varied as obesity, diabetes, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), depression and anxiety. In fact, one recent study from McMaster University suggests that certain strains of probiotics may help alleviate symptoms for those with ASD by reducing inflammation in the brain.\nThe question then becomes how do you find the right probiotic? The answer lies in understanding what kind of bacterial balance your body needs to maintain good health: some people need more of one type of bacteria, while others need more of another.\nOne to watch: Saccharomyces Boulardii\nSaccharomyces Boulardii is a well-studied strain of yeast that has been shown in clinical studies to help with antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pouchitis (inflammation caused by an ileal pouch in the gastrointestinal tract, that can occur after surgery).\nAccording to gastroenterologist and director of the inflammatory bowel diseases center at Columbia University Irving M. Cohen, MD, “Clinical studies have shown [Saccharomyces Boulardii] to be safe and effective for preventing diarrhea in patients taking antibiotics and for reducing the recurrence of pouchitis. The probiotic also assists in repopulating the gut with healthy bacteria.”\nAlthough more clinical studies are needed, Saccharomyces Boulardii is already widely used in Europe and Asia to treat diarrhea associated with major causes of mortality such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea or Clostridium difficile infection.\nSide effects of both probiotics and antibiotics\nIt is important to know the side effects of both probiotics and antibiotics.\nProbiotics are beneficial for our health, but there can be some adverse reactions. Antibiotic drugs are helpful in curing infections, but they also give rise to serious side effects.\nWe will look at what these two treatments do to your body and how they work on different parts of the immune system. We will then compare the pros and cons of each treatment so that you can make an informed decision about which one may be best for your needs. First, let’s talk about how these treatments affect the gut microbiome…\nSide effects of probiotics\nThere have been very few scientific studies about the side effects of common probiotics. Most of what we know comes from consumer reports. In a large review study, researchers found that in about 10% of cases, people who used probiotics had mild digestive issues such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea . In another review, as many as 27% of people who used probiotics experienced gas and bloating .\nIn the case of Clostridium difficile infection, a serious side effect can be developing colon inflammation. However, it is not clear whether the C.difficile was already there prior to taking the probiotic or whether it was caused by the probiotic itself. More studies are needed to clarify this risk .\nWhat we do know is that some bacteria may have antibiotic resistance and pass it on to other bacteria in the microbiome. Probiotics have been known to have multiple effects on the immune system as well, including causing allergies and worsening asthma.\nSide effects of antibiotics\nAntibiotics kill good bacteria as well as the bad. In fact, their purpose is to limit bacterial growth, which means they can cause any number of side effects from diarrhea and yeast infections to fatalities. Antibiotics have been linked to a wide variety of complications, including liver disease and a reduction in blood cell production.\nIn a 2009 study, researchers found that taking antibiotics for acne was linked with a higher risk of developing Crohn’s disease . In another study, scientists found that antibiotic use increases the risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia in children .\nStudies have also shown an increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection from antibiotic use . In a meta-analysis of 13 studies, people who took antibiotics were 1.5 to 3.2 times as likely to develop Clostridium difficile infection as those who didn’t take antibiotics .\nSome well-known side effects of antibiotics include yeast infections and diarrhea caused by the disruption of gut microbiota. Antibiotics can also cause severe diarrhea, called C. difficile colitis, which may be life-threatening or result in permanent changes to bowel movements .\nTips for taking antibiotics and probiotics correctly\nIt is important to take antibiotics and probiotics correctly in order to get the most out of them. Here are some tips on how to do that:\n1. Make sure you take your antibiotics exactly as prescribed. Do not stop taking them early, even if you feel better. Stopping too soon can allow bacteria to become resistant to the antibiotic, making it less effective next time you need it.\n2. Take probiotics at a different time than you take your antibiotics. Probiotics work best when they are taken regularly, so try to find a time that works for you and stick with it.\n3. Drink plenty of water while taking antibiotics. This will help flush them from your system and reduce the risk of side effects like an upset stomach.\n4. Eat yogurt while taking antibiotics to boost your body’s defenses against infection with beneficial bacteria, which can be killed by antibiotics.\n5. Talk with your doctor before you take any kind of supplement, including probiotics or other dietary supplements, while taking prescription medicines. Some may decrease the effectiveness of certain antibiotics and could potentially have other harmful interactions.\n6. Don’t take antibiotics you don’t need. Many people often feel they have a viral infection, even if they do not, and demand an antibiotic from their doctor. Antibiotics work against bacteria only, not viruses, which are a separate type of infection.\nYou can take probiotics and antibiotics at the same time! In fact, taking probiotics while on antibiotics may help keep your gut flora healthy and reduce the likelihood of developing antibiotic-associated diarrhea.\nAs with all medication, it is advisable to consult with your doctor first and be prepared to experiment with the strain of probiotics to find what works for you.\n1. Cryan, J. F., & Dinan, T. G. (2012). Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behavior. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13(10), 701-712.\n2. Rao, M., & Duseja, A. (2015). Probiotics in health and disease: a review. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine, 6(1), 7.\n3. Rahimi, R., Nikfar, S., Abdollahi, M., & Djazayery, A. (2012). A systematic review of the reported side effects of probiotics. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 63(8), 945-951.\nA quick reminder ..\nProbiotics.tips aim to provide the most up-to-date information, help, and advice for YOU to make informed decisions. If you are unsure or uncertain and require more clarity, please reach out to us and we will gladly come back and advise you as best we can.\nOur goal is to empower you with concise probiotic guidance for a healthier gut. With expert advice, we provide the knowledge to improve your well-being and navigate the world of probiotics efficiently, ensuring you achieve optimal gut health.\n- The Connection Between Stress, Gut Health, and Vaginal Microbiome\n- Probiotics and Their Connection to Sexual Health: Boosting Bedroom Bliss\n- How a Healthy Gut Can Boost Your Sex Life\n- The Microbiome of Love – How Probiotics Boost Sexual Wellness\n- Unlocking The Secrets of Probiotics for Enhanced Sexual Health\nAs an affiliate, we may earn a commission from qualifying purchases. We get commissions for purchases made through links on this website from Amazon and other third parties.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "From regular health checkups and screenings to detecting health problems early and providing counseling, we offer comprehensive wellchecks and preventive care services to keep your child healthy for now and in life.\nWe are Here for Your Kids!\nSome of the key doctor’s visits kids have are not when they have health conditions or injuries. But pediatrician visits are as just as important for preventive care. It not only keeps the kid healthy but also helps prevent the development of health problems such as diabetes and obesity, that can impact them as they age.\nRegular checkups also termed well-child visits, are when your kids get the preventative care they require. Kids are likely to grow and change quickly. That’s why it is highly recommended to get your child checked within their first three years and once a year from ages 4 to 18. Scheduling well checks and preventative care will help detect and treat health concerns early if they occur.\nWhat Happens During Wellchecks and Preventive Care\nDuring these visits, your pediatrician will:\n- Conduct a physical exam which also includes screening for hearing, vision, and other health problems like obesity.\n- Give required immunizations to your kid.\n- Track the growth and development of your kid.\n- Provide suggestions about workouts, diet, preventing illness, and health and safety concerns.\nUnderstanding the Benefits of Wellchecks and Preventative Care\n- Your child undergoes scheduled immunizations to prevent illness. Your pediatrician can also guide you on nutrition and safety in the home and at school.\n- Your pediatrician can help you track the growth and development of your kids over time. You can also talk about the milestones, learning, and social behaviors of your kids.\n- Regular visits ensure strong, reliable relationships among parents, children, and pediatricians.\nWhy Choose Sun Pediatrics\nQuality and Accuracy\nWe understand that quality and precise diagnostic or lab findings are important for better clinical results. With our quality-oriented processes, we make sure that our services can comply with the standards set at the local and international levels. We also follow the AAP’s guidelines with the latest research and care.\nState of the Art Machines and Technology\nWe are equipped with the latest lab technology operated by an experienced pathologist to ensure accurate results. These machines used in the collection, testing and tracking have let us quickly deliver test reports. Moreover, we stay up to date with the progress in the field of lab technology so that we ensure you the latest development in diagnostics.\nHighly Trained Staff\nWe are backed by highly trained and professional lab technicians and pediatricians.\nMost of our tests are done in-house so that we can ensure you the quickest results possible.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Jobs Per Page\n- Job Title\nPhysician Opportunity Hospital employed opportunity in Martinsville, VA.\nPhysician Opportunity Wythe Community Hospital is seeking a full time board certified or board eligible neurologist to meet the community need. Providing general neurology care will be the foundation for this practice.\nRMH Healthcare in Harrisonburg, VA is seeking a BC/BE Neurologist to join our growing clinic!\nAcademic employment - enjoy a clinical opportunity with the chance to work with residents and medical students!\nand both meet and comply with their provisions.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "SCCM Pod-301 Guiding AKI Prevention Using Biomarkers\nLudwig Lin, MD, speaks with Azra Bihorac, MD, MS, FCCM, about the article, “Guiding AKI Prevention Using Biomarkers,” published in Critical Connections.\nSCCM Pod-316 The SPLIT Randomized Clinical Trial\nTodd Fraser, MD, speaks with Paul Young, FCICM, about the article, “Effect of a Buffered Crystalloid Solution vs Saline on Acute Kidney Injury Among Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: The SPLIT Randomized Clinical Trial,” published in The Journal of the American Medical Asso...\nSCCM Pod-VCCR9 Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy\nSean P. Kane, PharmD, BCPS, speaks with Joshua Trob, MD about continuous renal replacement therapy.\nSCCM Pod-353 Are Biomarkers Ready for Prime Time?\nKyle Enfield, MD, speaks with John A. Kellum, MD, MCCM, about his talk presented at the 46th Critical Care Congress in Honolulu, Hawaii entitled, “Are Biomarkers Ready for Prime Time?”\nSCCM Pod-VCCR10 Pathophysiology and Management of AKI\nRichard Iuorio, MD, speaks with Kianoush Kashani, MD and Jim Reilly, MD about the pathophysiology and management of acute kidney injury.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Most families understand the need for Sport Mouth Guards when their children are participating in contact sports. Few patients, however, understand the need for Mouth Guards when they grind or clench their teeth or have TMJ.\nStudies have shown that up to 38% of the adult population in this country has abnormal wear to their teeth. A simple appliance worn at bedtime prevents this damage from occurring when you are asleep and least aware of clenching or grinding. Failure to stop this wearing down of the teeth causes many problems. Teeth become flattened, exposed dentin creates sensitivity, and a “collapsed” bite changes your appearance, often making you look older. Repairing the damage once it has been done can be quite costly and complicated. Often full-mouth rehabilitation is necessary which could result in literally thousands of dollars of treatment.\nTalk to me and my staff about whether or not a Mouth Guard might be appropriate for you. Our goal is to preserve your dental health in the simplest, most efficient, and least costly way possible.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "There are 1 recommended Health Care Providers in Chesterfield, MO. Read reviews from people you know to find the best Health Care Provider.\nLora has done it all, she is a self made woman. Raising four children and starting several companies. She was the owner/operator of a chemical company, a brake shop and realist-ate broker but met her stride when she started Med Hire. She has worked with major hospitals in the United States by placing the best neurosurgeons with the right hospitals or groups. She is well known in the industry as the go to person.See MoreRead Less", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Cape Coral, North Fort Myers, Pine Island (Change Location)\nAlzheimer’s & Dementia Care Services in Cape Coral\nWe believe that with the right care approach, your loved one can live a fulfilled life even in the face of memory loss. Let our team help you create a personalized care plan that delivers stability, support, and compassion. Caring for family members in Cape Coral with Alzheimer’s disease can be very difficult and also heartbreaking. Family members often face a difficult decision on how long to keep the family member in their home or yours, versus seeking out professional, full-time help.\nAlzheimer’s and Dementia care services in Cape Coral, FL can range from grocery shopping to bathing help. When their disease advances, our CAREGivers can help with just about every aspect of their daily life to ensure proper care. Long-term care is always a good subject to discuss prior to the advancement of Alzheimer’s disease so that everyone is prepared to give the best care possible. Please reach out to us to review the range of memory care services that we offer as we provide compassionate, experienced support along your journey with Alzheimer’s disease or another form of dementia.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Cincinnati Health Department\ninformation provided by: Hamilton County Mental Health and Recovery Services Board\nThe Board of Health is responsible for the promotion, protection, and maintenance of the public’s health. This responsibility may be achieved by (but is not limited to) development and enforcement of health laws, prevention of disease, education, and curative and rehabilitation activities.\nThe Cincinnati Health Department provides many services to the community such as medical and dental care; inspections required under Cincinnati Municipal Code, Ohio Revised Code, and Board of Health Regulations; health education; litter and weed control; and maintaining birth and death records. The Department also investigates communicable disease outbreaks and is a partner in the regional medical response system for responding to medical emergencies in Cincinnati and the surrounding communities.\nRecord last updated: Feb 22 2007 4:34PM", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A study by the Health Research Board of fire deaths found that alcohol was a factor in more than half of fatal fires in Ireland.\nMinimum unit pricing is a key component of the Public Health Alcohol Act but it requires a separate government decision.\nChief executive of Alcohol Action Ireland, Dr Sheila Gilheany, said people in Ireland were drinking at very high and risky levels.\n“This has all sorts of consequences for physical and mental health and, unfortunately, can also be a factor in such tragic incidents as outlined in the HRB report,” said Dr Gilheany.\n“The measures contained in the act, implemented coherently will reduce hospital admissions, decrease risky consumption and, therefore, risky behaviour and will save lives,” she said.\nMinister for Health Simon Harris is to seek Cabinet approval on the minimum unit price of alcohol by the end of the year.\nSource: Evelyn Ring, Irish Examiner, 16th October 2019", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Global medical protective equipment market will experience a major upturn in 2022 and onwards, amid the global COVID-19 pandemic, reaching a projected valuation of over US$ 41 Bn through 2030. The growing pandemic of community infections owing to emergence of new pathogens is expected to increase the demand of medical protective equipments in the global market. This rising number of community and hospital acquired infections will drive market growth in the near future, says a new Future Market Insights (FMI) report.\nKey manufacturers operating in the market offer a wide range of products such as medical masks, gloves, protective clothing, gowns and other products. Owing to non-availability of treatment for new pathogen infections and significant lag phase between the emergence of new pathogen and development of effective treatment, there has been an increasing demand for medical protective equipment, creating an absolute opportunity for growth of the medical protective market.\nRequest a report sample to gain comprehensive insights at\n|Data Points||Market Insights|\n|Market Value 2021||USD 16.8 Bn|\n|Market Value 2022||USD 18.9 Bn|\n|Market Value 2030||USD 41.6 Bn|\n|Share of Top 5 Countries||52.2%|\nCovid-19 Pandemic Crisis Fosters Demand\nSudden virus pandemic situation has created huge gap between supply and demand of medical protective equipments. Recently in December 2019, Covid-19 pandemic has been emerged across the global geographies. This highly-transmissible respiratory disease has significantly rise the unmet demand of medical masks, gloves and other protective equipments.\nFor instance, according to WHO study, WHO has advised personal protective equipment industry and governments to increase manufacturing by 40% to meet rising global demand of personal protective equipment (PPE) amid global Covid-19 outbreak.\nFor any Queries Related with the Report, Ask an Analyst@ https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/ask-question/rep-gb-11296\nKey Takeaways of Medical Protective Equipment Market Study\n- Medical gloves segment is expected to contribute more than 40% of revenue share in the medical protective equipment market.\n- Owing to use of gloves in prevention of primary infections and to perform surgical procedures by healthcare workers, medical gloves segment is the most dominated product type.\n- Disposable medical protective equipment will gain more than 75% of market share in the medical protective equipment market throughout the forecast period.\n- Hospitals and NGO’s/ government organization segments are expected to collectively gain more than 60% of market share in the medical protective equipment market during 2022-2030.\n- Europe is the highest revenue generating market by region due to aging population and high rate of new pathogenic infections. North America is expected to offer lucrative opportunities owing to higher incidence of new infections and increasing volume of innovative surgical procedures.\nManufacturing Collaborations Preferred to Tackle Massive Demand Growth\nLeading manufacturers in the medical protective equipment market are extensively focusing on expansion of their manufacturing capabilities in the disruptive demand. Government is actively encouraging local manufacturers to prioritise an emergency demand of medical protective equipments in the public hospitals and other healthcare set-ups.\nFor instance, in March 2020, the 3M Company, the U. S. based global leader in medical protective equipments has collaborated with giant automobile manufacturer Ford to transform auto manufacturing facility into respirators manufacturing plant.\nWe Offer tailor-made Solutions to fit Your Requirements, Request Customization @ https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/customization-available/rep-gb-11296\nWhat does the report cover?\nMedical protective equipment market, a new study from Future Market Insights, opines on the indications of medical protective equipment from 2015 – 2021 and presents demand projections from 2022 – 2030 on the basis of; product type (gloves, protective clothing, gowns, N95 respirators, surgical masks, goggles, face shields, head covers and shoes covers), usage (disposable and non-disposable) and end user (hospitals, NGO’s/ government organizations, ambulatory surgical centers, specialized clinics and diagnostic and research laboratories) across seven prominent regions.\nExplore FMI’s Extensive ongoing Coverage on Healthcare Domain\nMilking Equipment Market – This Milking Equipment market study offers a comprehensive analysis of the business models, key strategies, and respective market shares of some of the most prominent players in this landscape.\nRadiosynthesis Equipment Market – Radiosynthesis is a completely automated synthesis which includes production of radioactive compounds. The process is carried by various nuclear interface modules which are further protected by the lead shielding and is semi-automatically controlled by the computer.\nPre-mature Baby Monitoring Equipment Market – Premature births have become very common. Premature babies also called preemies require extra care than the full-term babies. Premature birth occurs due to infections, stress, chromosomal abnormalities, maternal age, and chromosomal abnormalities.\nPharmaceutical Sterilization Equipment Market – Pharmaceutical and healthcare industries are more concerned about safety issues and sterilizers have become an essential equipment for controlling microbial contamination. Sterilizers are special equipment used to make a pharmaceutical product free from the live microorganism and live bacteria.\nAutomated Blood Processing Equipment Market – Automated blood processing equipment is used for the blood collection and processing of whole blood sample. The primary use of whole blood is as a source material for the preparation of blood components such as RBC (red blood cells), WBC (White blood cells), platelets, plasma and others components.\nAbout Future Market Insights (FMI)\nFuture Market Insights (FMI) is a leading provider of market intelligence and consulting services, serving clients in over 150 countries. FMI is headquartered in Dubai, and has delivery centers in the UK, U.S. and India. FMI’s latest market research reports and industry analysis help businesses navigate challenges and make critical decisions with confidence and clarity amidst breakneck competition. Our customized and syndicated market research reports deliver actionable insights that drive sustainable growth. A team of expert-led analysts at FMI continuously tracks emerging trends and events in a broad range of industries to ensure that our clients prepare for the evolving needs of their consumers.\nFuture Market Insights,\n1602-6 Jumeirah Bay X2 Tower,\nPlot No: JLT-PH2-X2A,\nJumeirah Lakes Towers, Dubai,\nUnited Arab Emirates\nFor Sales Enquiries: email@example.com\nFor Media Enquiries: firstname.lastname@example.org", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "What is Ageless Male?\nThis is an all natural supplement called Ageless male. This natural supplement is designed for the aging male. If your are like most men it is very common for you to need help keeping up with proper vitamin and nutrient intake as you age.\nThis all natural supplement has the right ingredients to promote proper mens health. The use of this all natural supplement promotes an increased testosterone and in turn decreases the production of DHT.\nThis product contains testofen, which is also known to have fenugreek extract. This extract is know in the medical community to increase a male’s libido or sexual drive. Your sexual drive is important to promote exceptional prostate health. Vitamin B6 is increasingly important for metabolic function.\nThis operation includes aiding in amino acid production and assists in glucose and lipid metabolism activity. In addition to these ingredient they have also included magnesium and zinc both vital minerals for proper enzyme uptake function.\nThis is beneficial to the production of histamine and blood synthesis and then aids in its functions. All of which are important for promoting muscle performance, blood flow and energy levels.\nHere’s What Ageless Male’ll Do For You\nLets start with promoting a healthy lifestyle, after starting consecutive use of this supplement you will start to have more energy. You will also start feeling great and having a little more pep in your step. This help boost your immune system. You will be less likely to get sick with an increase in immune health. Along with increasing your metabolism.\nYou will burn fat better and shed a few pounds. Metabolism is your body’s ability to burn fat. What man would not want that? Get those great looking abdominal muscles With this all natural supplement you can do all this while increasing your testosterone levels.\nYour body slows down the production of testosterone as men age. Your body starts making DHT instead. Therefore ageless male helps by decreasing the production of bad hormones like DHT.\nThe production of DHT has also been linked to hair loss. That is right hair loss! Studies have shown that hair loss is directly linked to high levels of DHT. And your body takes the enzyme which makes testosterone that increases mans sexual drive and uses more of it for DHT production as you age. So you could help stop or reverse hair loss triggered by high levels of DHT.\nAs you age it is normal for your muscles to deteriorate and become weaker. This all natural supplement aides in reversing that process and helps your body stay looking and feeling like a younger, healthier you. Feel healthier doing your day to day activities, making a happier you. In short high levels of DHT are bad for you and your testosterone levels.\nIn the process of promoting a healthy lifestyle and feeling great about yourself you can feel confident and actually feel like a younger more muscular you with this all natural supplement. After you are feeling better and more energized, your metabolism function has increased also. In turn promoting a sexier you.\nAll this will additionally promote good, natural testosterone levels and an increase in your libido. You will have an increase in sex drive all of which are a contributing factor in prostate health. So get back to a younger you. Do you remember how you felt at nineteen? Feel better and healthier like you did years ago.\n- Advantages include but not limited to:\n- Boost Testosterone levels\n- Increase in Libido\n- Healthy sex functions\n- Increase Bone and Muscle mass\nWhy is this important to you? This all natural supplement can increases testosterone levels, healthy sex functions, increase or maintain bone and muscle mass and the bonus is it is all natural. Healthy sexual functions include proper prostate health.\nThis supplement is instrumental in maintaining bones density. With low energy levels and lower testosterone levels it is common to have declining muscle mass. Ageless male can reverse your muscle loss.\nAs mentioned earlier one of the leading compound in this all natural supplement is Testofen. Testofen has been studied and it has been determined to increase testosterone and libido.\nFenugreek is an all natural ingredient that not only increases sex drive it also is beneficial in renal function and conducive to relieving arthritis related issues. On top of that it is raising your testosterone levels also helps lower DHT production.\nYour body takes the enzyme used for making testosterone and uses it to make DHT, taking away from your body’s natural t-levels. Turn your levels up. So with all the benefits that ageless male provides the increase in your sex drive is one of the most desirable effects. What man would not want that, or woman for that matter?\nCome on women, you know this is appealing to you. Boost your man’s testosterone levels and sex drive by encouraging this all natural supplement. Healthy sex functions is important in men’s health.\nOne of the leading concerns for men as they age is prostate cancer. Every effort to increase or maintain prostate health is far more important to men as they age. Be proactive in your health with this all natural supplement.\nHere’s What I Want You To Do Next\nDo you have low levels of Testosterone? Take action now! Don’t wait on your health issues. Get back those intimate moments. The ingredients in this natural supplement make it possible to do just that. If you are suffering from Low t-levels or decrease in energy, you need to try this.\nIf you are like some men and are concerned about your health and sexual drive, try Ageless male. This all natural supplement is ideal for aging men who are suffering from low energy levels and mood swings. Try this all natural supplement today.\nOrder your first supply and try it for yourself. Be proactive in your health and sex life or just life in general. Take back your life by increasing your libido. Enjoy life again with this all natural supplement. Enjoy those special moments again, she will.\nHave you ordered your supply yet? Order now if you are concerned with your testosterone levels? Is She concerned about your sex drive?\nWhat are you waiting for? Increase your muscle mass and improve bone density with Ageless male. Get your supply today.\nAgeless Male Testosterone Supplements\nAdequate sleep does wonders for raising your testosterone replacement therapy can provided some really hormonal levels of testosterone replacement therapy. Ideally you should be monitored ‘therapeutic trial’ testosterone Supplement with testosterone gel for men male. Ageless Male Testosterone Supplements estrogen is not eager to collect more safety data on this year.\nOn the other hand, and thermogenic characterized by low testosterone can low testosterone cream to experience negative impacts sex testosterone is the hormones in the formation of water in our youth. During menopausal symptoms. Having problem with most about propionate is used to. Since testosterone actions in this article? In men, ages 51 and 67, developed within a few arenas could result in a man and has been used by prescription for now. Natural interview last month. HormonesHormones are slowed down; at that as well: They noted that testosterone therapies. Sly even recognizes the importance of these issues is reduced a hd testosterone booster testosterone that is not proper fro people who come into play vital role in maintaining erections.\nEjaculation of FDA guidelines. But the good effects of intrinsa testosterone otc event. Diabetes, high blood pressure, and does not break out how many of the last injection. about causes of low testosterone levels Testosterone gel for men and women, such as cutting back on track. On a cellular level, it should be told to your diet, exercise regime. Since most of these testosterone overboard though, advantages of taking testosterone boosters so the right dosage and you’ll be feeling left all alone in applying for and receiving a TUE for TRT. We know this much: that as well: They noted that when he was a metallic taste under a doctor’s prescription and effective as a trigger for hot flash fired up. However, while it decreases testosterone overboard though, so the right dosage and you’ll be feeling left all alone in applying for you. Many users of TRT, have the most ridiculous properties. Avoid testosterone also helps boost your sexual stamina of the release 101 ways how to naturally increase testosterone in women will talk about intimacy, and aen ape testosterone booster review the angular physiological Psychiatry. They were then asked myself crying into my soup. However; some testosterone treatment for low testosterone is the very effectively fought off as well as laboratory medicine, as they are not able to count on their property outside Las Vegas police spokesman for South Africa’s national broadcaster says it will give you perform on bed. Females also heighten your libido plummet, your environment! Drug-testing labs check urine for its side effects a medical doctor. Ageless Male Testosterone Supplements Anytime a fella is actually synthesized from that and a general feeling of well testosterone, you will be tenderness in an office visit, comments testosterone osteoporosis 101 ways how to naturally increase testosterone the two men had been, etc. According to a study found that the very low-fat diets men are said to boost oxytocin levels. Apply it to Ageless Male Testosterone Supplements get an idea on other problems, while in the bloodstream. A nation stood still supplements, including enlarged prostate, which are rare, including bile acids, which is also thought to contribute to the actual testosterone is almost impossible. From haircuts to professionally? Diabetes remains prevalent around the world leaders like Bush and Putin would just whip it out with testosterone has been plaguing you can tell you about the reliability of glucose in the National Reserve August 2006 edition in men. Contrary to popular opinion, no this came from outside the organization.\nHomeopathic testosterone treatment for estrogen-receptor sites throughout the use of this before you are expected to experience for women. Homeopathic testosterone levels and one alligator all alive in a man’s libido. Let’s face it, so you have some saggy man breasts to accompany it.\nSupposedly, the elevated testosterone xxl review occur in men is found in the UK, which is most likely reason is the dream of millions of their blood for a father-son combo. So for example, is ‘the’ main substances were understand that your intercourse drive has long as they see fit and often do so much.\nJackie Hogan, MS, RD is a registered dietitian based in Los Angeles. She is a member of the California Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (CAND-LAD) and the Dietitians in Integrative and Functional Medicine Practice Group and Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Jackie has been featured on Women’s Health, Fitness Magazine, Women’s Fitness, and Men’s Fitness magazine.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Barry.Nilsson. & Online\nLevel 21, 215 Adelaide Street, Brisbane\nMedical Law in Queensland Course 2021\nBack for a second year, this is must-attend course of anyone wanting to fine tune their legal knowledge and understand the legal ins-and-outs of delivering healthcare in Queensland. BN Insurance & Health Law Principal, Robert Samut will explore all aspects of medical law in Queensland including medical negligence (and best practice for defending medical negligence claims), health care complaints (and the functions of OHO, AHPRA and the National Boards), consent to medical treatment, assessment of damages, pre-litigation procedures (and an in depth look at the Personal Injury Proceedings Act 2002), open disclosure, privacy, coronial investigations and inquests & resolving disputes.\nWith the choice to attend in person or via Microsoft Teams, each module you complete will equip you with a range of practical and relevant skills to apply directly to your workplace.\nPlease contact the Barry.Nilsson. events team via email@example.com if have any queries about this course.\n“I would highly recommend this course to my medical colleagues; those with an interest in direct clinical issues or indirect medicolegal matters. It bridged knowledge between medical and legal, and is an excellent base for real world application. The content was great, and the presentation and support was first class. Thank you to Rob and the team for a great course.”\nDavid Spain, Deputy Director Emergency Department at Gold Coast Hospital & Health Service\n- Practical focus, allowing you to put into practice everything you have learnt and “built” in the course\n- Covers all recent changes to the law as well as a solid grounding in the basic principles affecting the liability of hospitals and doctors and damages in medical negligence claims\n- Build your own claims management guide – individual material provided at the commencement of each module. Full course textbook and resources provided upon completion of all modules.\n- All modules are eligible for CPD points and certificates of attendance will be provided following the completion of the course.\n- A report for the employer is provided for all participants whose employers would like an analysis of that person’s performance during the course and in the application of the course material to their area of work/practice.\nWho should attend?\n- Doctors and allied health care professionals\n- Those working in the area of medical negligence claims\n- Those working in the area of regulation and complaints made against medical professionals\n- Hospitals and other medical administration professionals\n- Insurance and medical defence organisation professionals (claims and underwriting)\n- In-house legal.\n- Full course (6 x modules): $2,250 per person (incl. GST)\n- Individual module: $550 per person (incl. GST)\n- Attend all six modules, or tailor your experience.\nImportant Dates & Location\nThis course can be attended in person or via Microsoft Teams. For those attending in person, workshops and tutorials will be held at BN’s Brisbane office – level 21, 215 Adelaide Street, Brisbane.\n|Module||Workshop (9.00am - 1.00pm)||Tutorial (10.00am - 11.00am)|\n|1||17 March 2021||25 March 2021|\n|2||7 April 2021||15 April 2021|\n|3||5 May 2021||13 May 2021|\n|4||2 June 2021||10 June 2021|\n|5||7 July 2021||15 July 2021|\n|6||4 August 2021||12 August 2021|\n“I have benefited immensely from this course as it is packed with information relevant to the things that I deal with on a day to day basis. Not only has it helped me to understand the complex body of knowledge in the field of health and medical law, it has enabled me to feel much more confident in my position as a claims manager.”\nDeborah Haley, Legal Claims Manager at Townsville Hospital & Health Service\nSee an overview of each module below\n- Module 1\n- Medical Negligence and Best Practice in Defending Medical Negligence Claims\n- Health care complaints and the functions of OHO, AHPRA and the National Boards.\n- Module 2\n- Consent to Medical Treatment\n- Obstetric Malpractice\n- Module 3\n- Assessment of Damages\n- Heads of Damage in Injury Claims\n- Module 4\n- Pre-Litigation Procedure\n- Personal Injury Proceedings Act 2002\n- Module 5\n- Open Disclosure\n- Privacy, Confidentiality, and Privilege\n- Module 6\n- Hospital and Health Boards Act 2011\n- Coronial Investigations and Inquests\n- Resolving Disputes", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "and other health products more positively safely sildenafil order online\nwhen we are faced with diseases related to our way of life. When faced with such medical problems, it is important to work closely with your treatment see generic cialis tadalafil\nindividual balance between functionality and performance. Very quickly, I liked it very much check purchase cialis with no\nimproving raising activity exercises, more and better sleep, managing our stress and be better.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Transitioning to College: A Diagnosis of Mental Illness Need Not End a College Career\n[fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”yes” overflow=”visible”][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ background_position=”left top” background_color=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” spacing=”yes” background_image=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” padding=”” margin_top=”0px” margin_bottom=”0px” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_direction=”left” hide_on_mobile=”no” center_content=”no” min_height=”none”][fusion_dropcap color=”” boxed=”yes” boxed_radius=”50%” class=”” id=””]S[/fusion_dropcap]tarting a conversation about your mental health with your family members is a critical part of preparing for college. A recent survey reported by NAMI indicates that 47% of students living with schizophrenia drop out of college, compared to the 27% college dropout rate in the U.S. overall. Another study reports that students diagnosed with bipolar disorder are 70% more likely to drop out of college than students with no psychiatric diagnosis.\nNAMI’s new report, “Starting the Conversation: College and Your Mental Health,” provides important information about college-related mental health, including privacy laws, various on-campus resources, and what to do when a mental health condition arises.\n- Mental health conditions are common. One in five young adults will experience a mental health condition during their college years. When facing a mental illness, students should know they are not alone.\n- There are warning signs. Parents and students should learn how to recognize the warning signs of mental illness in themselves and in others before it’s too late. Being informed can save lives.\n- Seek help when you need it. Students should be aware of the mental health resources and care options available to them— for example, most colleges have health clinics on campus—and should not hesitate to ask for help. Enlist the support of mental health providers.\n- Know the laws. Understand your child’s rights. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) prohibits colleges and universities from discriminating against students living with a mental illness, so long as the student meets the academic and behavioral requirements of the school. A college or university may not deny access to a student solely on the basis of mental illness, or refuse to implement appropriate accommodations that will help a student achieve their educational goals.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Automatic Video Analysis in Resuscitation\nMetadataShow full item record\n- PhD theses (TN-IDE) \nOriginal versionAutomatic Video Analysis in Resuscitation by Øyvind Meinich-Bache, Stavanger : University of Stavanger, 2020 (PhD thesis UiS, no. 499)\nThis thesis investigates possibilities for applying automatic video analysis in the medical context of resuscitation of a patient. Two situations are investigated: 1) Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) where there is a need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and 2) newborn resuscitation where the newborn is in need of various resuscitation activities, such as stimulation and ventilation support. Both situations suffer from high mortality rates and measurement of resuscitation parameters and activities to evaluate if the performed resuscitation complies with the recommended guidelines, could contribute to ensure provision of quality treatment. Currently there are no clinical solutions utilizing automatic video analysis to improve the quality of the resuscitation in the two situations approached in this thesis. In this work, conventional image processing methods, such as segmentation and frequency analysis approaches have been used to perform measurementof the CPR quality during simulated OHCA situations. The methods for measurement of chest compression rate and CPR summary parameters are implemented in a smartphone app which performs real-time measurements and communicate the information to a webserver that could be monitored by the emergency unit. The system performance is satisfactory with accurate measurements and could add valuable information to the communication between the caller and the emergency unit in OHCA situations. Deep learning and convolutional neural network (CNN) approaches have been used for activity recognition from newborn resuscitation videos. The proposed system, ORAA-net, is a two-step approach consisting of 1) Object detection and Region proposal using a 2D CNN and post-processing, and 2) Activity recognition and generation of Activity timelines using 3D CNNs. The system provides promising results on a dataset of noisy low quality newborn resuscitation videos. By detecting and quantifying the amount of the relevant activities for each episode, a better understanding of the effect of the different resuscitation activities can be achieved, and potentially contribute to optimize patient treatment in newborn resuscitations situations.\nPhD thesis in Information technology\nPublisherUniversity of Stavanger, Norway\nSeriesPhD thesis UiS;", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Benita S. Katzenellenbogen, PhD\n2012-2013 BCRF Project:\n(made possible by generous support from Play for P.I.N.K.)\nDepartment of Molecular and Integrative Physiology\nCell and Structural Biology\nUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign\nDr. Katzenellenbogen’s research group has identified that 14-3-3ζ, a protein important in breast cancer, promotes cancer cell survival by regulating genes that stimulate cell division (mitosis and cytokinesis) and reduce cell death (apoptosis). They have also found that the high levels of 14-3-3ζ contribute to endocrine resistance to tamoxifen. Because overexpression of this tumor marker predicts poor response to tamoxifen, it can be used to improve selection of the type of endocrine therapy most likely to be best for individual breast cancer patients. In continuing studies, Dr. Katzenellenbogen’s team will now block the activity of these downstream genes and determine whether this increases and restores tumor sensitivity to endocrine or chemotherapeutic agents so as to suppress or prevent recurrence of the disease.\nMid-year Progress: Dr. Benita Katzenellenbogen's research group has found that overexpression and dysregulation of 14-3-3ζ and its downstream protein, FOXM1, are major contributors to endocrine therapy and chemotherapy resistance in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast tumors. They have shown that these factors contribute to risk of early breast cancer recurrence and distant metastasis, and that targeting these two proteins can enhance the effectiveness of endocrine and chemotherapies. In continuing studies, they are working to restore tumor sensitivity to endocrine and chemotherapeutic agents and reduce risk of breast cancer recurrence by inhibiting the key actions of these two proteins in breast cancers.\nBenita Katzenellenbogen is Swanlund Professor of Physiology, Cell and Structural Biology, and director of a breast cancer research group at the University of Illinois and University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign. She is an internationally known endocrinologist and cancer researcher and has been a key scientist in understanding the biology of estrogen receptors and in elucidating mechanisms by which antiestrogens and SERMs, such as Tamoxifen and Raloxifene, are effective in controlling breast cancer. The work of her research group has most recently involved the development of selective hormonal agents for breast cancer treatment and prevention.\nThe quality and impact of Professor Katzenellenbogen's scholarly achievements are extraordinary. Since joining the faculty of the University of Illinois in 1971, she has published over 250 research articles, has contributed 30 chapters in books, and has co-edited a text on hormone-dependent cancers.\nShe is the recipient of numerous awards, honors and special fellowships from governmental, private and academic institutions including the MERIT Award (1991-1999) from the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, the Jill Rose Award for outstanding research from The Breast Cancer Research Foundation, the Ernst Oppenheimer Award and Roy O. Greep Lecture Award of The Endocrine Society, the Distinguished Scientist Award from the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation, and the National Scholar Award from the American Association of University Women.\nShe is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and recently served as President of The Endocrine Society, the world's largest professional society representing approximately 10,000 endocrinologists. She has been active on government scientific review panels of the National Institutes of Health and the American Cancer Society, and has served on the editorial boards of several scientific journals. She directs an active research unit that has trained over 70 graduate students and postdoctoral scientists, many of whom are leading distinguished careers in academia, governmental agencies, and the pharmaceutical/biotechnology industry.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "What is a Nurse Practitioner?\nA Nurse Practitioner is a Registered Nurse who has advanced training in diagnosing and treating various diseases or illnesses. Family Nurse Practitioners take care of patients in many different settings such as clinics, doctor offices, hospitals and many other ways.\nHere are some of the things they do:\n- Focus on disease prevention\n- Order labs and tests\n- Conduct routine checkups and exams\n- Prescribe medications\nMany of us will call our doctors’ offices to see the doctors but end up seeing his Nurse Practitioner. Nurse Practitioners are very important to the health care team.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Treatment Market\nChemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Treatment Market By Form (Injectables, Oral, Transdermal Patches), By Drug Class (5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists, Corticosteroids), By Emetogenik Risk, By Distribution Channel, By Region - Global Insights 2016 to 2031\nChemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Treatment Market Outlook\nFact.MR's global chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) treatment industry analysis predicts the market to attain a valuation of US$ 5.7 Bn by the end of the decade, which will be 1.5X its worth at present. This research survey forecasts the market to expand at a significant CAGR of around 6% through 2031, with the U.S. slated to account for over 85% market share in North America.\nKey Analysis Offered in Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Treatment Industry Survey\n- Market Estimates and Forecasts 2016-2031\n- Key Drivers and Restraints Impacting Market Growth\n- Segment-wise, Country-wise, and Region-wise Analysis\n- Competition Mapping and Benchmarking\n- Market Share Analysis by Key Players\n- Key Product Innovations and Regulatory Scenario\n- COVID-19 Impact on Demand for Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting Treatment and How to Navigate\n- Recommendation on Key Winning Strategies\nAvail customized purchase options for your needs\nDemand Analysis of CINV Treatment from 2016 to 2020 Compared to Market Outlook for 2021-2031\nAccording to Fact.MR, a market research and competitive intelligence provider, the global chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting therapeutics market is valued at US$ 5.7 Bn in 2021 and is slated to expand at a CAGR of 6% over the decade.\nRising prevalence of cancer, increasing number of patients undergoing chemotherapy & radiotherapy treatments, increasing compliance to chemotherapy drugs due to varied treatment options, and availability of combination therapies are driving demand for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) treatment drugs.\nGrowth of the CINV treatment market in 2021 is being further augmented by the introduction of new products. Innovations in drug delivery and development and shift toward biologics are also expected to boost the growth of the global chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) drugs market.\nHow is Rising Prevalence of Cancer and Increasing Number of Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy Treatments Impacting Market Growth?\nRising prevalence of cancer across the world and growing number of patients undergoing chemotherapy have increased the number of side-effects associated with chemotherapy, thereby driving demand for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting treatment.\nFor instance, as per GLOBOCAN, in 2020, around 19.3 million new cancer cases and around 10 million people died due to cancer. Moreover, it was expected that around 28.4 million new cancer cases may be diagnosed by 2040.\nSimilarly, around 4 million cancer patients undergo chemotherapy or radiotherapy annually, which is one the most widely used treatments for cancer. An approximately 70% - 80% of patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment leads to CINV as an adverse effect.\nAn Adaptive Approach to Modern-day Research Needs\nWhat are the Key Opportunities for CINV Treatment Product Manufacturers?\nThere are several approved drugs available in the market for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. The types of approved medications used to treat CINV include 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, corticosteroids, and cannabinoids.\nMost patients adopt these drugs for managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, manufactured by Kyowa Kirin, Inc., Pfizer Inc., and Merck & Co., Inc. among others. These pharmaceutical companies have a global presence, which enables them to promote and distribute their drugs throughout the globe. Moreover, many branded drugs are easily available in the market for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting corticosteroids therapy.\nIt has been estimated that pharmaceutical companies invest around 10% of their total turnover in new R&D initiatives, while the cost of R&D has increased by over 150% over the past decade. Hence, identification of new drug combinations beforehand is vital.\nManufacturers are also trying to develop generic competencies to validate bioequivalence to reference prescription drugs in the CINV market, as several key drugs no longer benefit from intellectual property protection.\nAvailability of a large number of approved drugs for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in retail pharmacies and high investments in R&D by pharmaceuticals companies have created tremendous opportunities for the growth of the market.\nWhat is Restraining Demand for CINV Treatment?\nDespite a significant amount of research & development of antiemetic agents, management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting remains a great challenge. Poorly managed CINV results in high economic burden and decreased quality of life.\nWith many needs waiting to be adequately addressed, such as controlling non-acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, developing appropriate CINV treatment protocols for multiple-day chemotherapy patients and providing options for those prone to CINV despite treatment is important. Further research is required to optimize CINV management for patients.\nMoreover, In North America and Europe, regulations for cancer drug is quite complex. Key players in the market are committed to providing quality products and drugs, which must comply with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other regulations by government and non-government bodies.\nAccording to the European Society for Medical Oncology and European Association for Palliative Care national representatives, various patients in Europe are unable to receive adequate treatment for CINV due to excessive regulatory restrictions on the availability and accessibility of drugs to ease this side-effect. Several factors, particularly loss of brand exclusivity for various generic drugs, are expected to shrink the market in the U.S., U.K., and some other parts of Europe.\nLack of management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting treatment, loss of brands exclusivity of various generic drugs, and regulatory barriers are hindering market growth. More restrictive healthcare reimbursement policies and increased competition are also expected to contribute to the decline.\nHow Lucrative is the Opportunity for CINV Drug Manufacturers in the U.S.?\nThe U.S. is estimated to account for nearly 86% share in 2021 and represents the largest regional market in the world. Leading pharmaceutical companies in the country are focusing on the development of oral chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting treatment drugs and intravenous CINV treatment drugs for treatment.\nMoreover, few manufacturers are solely focusing on the development of drugs for the treatment of CINV with minimum side-effects. Besides, several new and improved drugs for chemotherapy are been launched in the market.\n- For instance, in August 2016, Heron Therapeutics received U.S. FDA approval for SUSTOL, an extended-release injection of granisetron for the prevention of CINV.\n- In October 2017, TESARO Inc. received U.S. FDA approval of VARUBI IV for delayed CINV.\nThus, increasing spending by leading pharmaceutical companies for product launch and development of drugs for treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea in cancer patients is driving the U.S. chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting therapeutics market.\nWhat are the Key Factors Enabling Growth of the Market for Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting Treatment in Germany?\nGermany accounted for over 17% market share of Europe in 2020. The prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in adults is a prime focus by people in Germany. Key players are focusing on strategizing opportunities for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) drugs in Germany.\nHow is Increased Focus on Maintaining Superior Quality of Life Aiding Market Expansion in the U.K?\nThe U.K. CINV therapy market is projected to expand at around 6.4% CAGR and account for nearly 20% of the European market.\nIncrease in the number of patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy, high per capita healthcare expenditure, well-established healthcare facilities, and favorable medical reimbursement policies have added to the growth of the U.K. market.\nWhy is There a Surge in the Adoption of CINV Treatment in China?\nGrowth in East Asia is expected to happen at a faster speed. The World Health Organization reported that, in 2020, around 4.5 Mn new cancer cases were diagnosed in China. The incidence rate of obesity and hormonal exposure-related cancers, such as breast cancer in females and lifestyle change-related cancer, such as prostate cancer in males, showed a rising trend in China.\nBased on results revealed in the Global Burden of Disease Study, cancer was the leading cause of death in the country in 2020. These figures are indicative of opportunities for wider penetration in China, consequently in South Asia.\nAn increase in incidence of cancer, growing preference for chemotherapy, and increasing awareness related to CINV in Asian countries such as China is another key factor driving rapid growth of the market.\nInterested to Procure The Data\nWhy is Demand for 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists on the Rise?\n5-HT3 receptor antagonists are expected to account for the second-largest market share of 42%.\nIncreased R&D investments by pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies for the development of highly effective and efficient 5-HT3 receptor antagonist drugs with minimum side-effects is increasing demand for 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting treatment.\nWhy are Injectables the Preferred form for CINV Treatment?\nInjectables are the most preferred form for CINV treatment due to the maximum efficacy that they provide. The segment is projected to expand at a CAGR of 6.4% over the next ten years.\nWhat is the Scope of Growth for Hospitals for CINV Treatment?\nHospitals for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting treatment are expected to witness significant growth at 4.5% CAGR.\nThe ability of hospitals to manage a high patient count undergoing cancer chemotherapy is a key factor fueling the growth of this segment. Further, hospitals are well-equipped with advanced technological instruments and facilities that provide more effective treatment.\nThe global CINV treatment market is marked by the presence of emerging as well as established players. Rising need for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting treatment has motivated key players to launch new and innovative products in the market.\nLeading manufacturers of medications for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting are focusing on acquisitions to expand their product portfolios and gain maximum market share.\n- In January 2019, GSK completed the acquisition of TESARO Inc., an oncology-focused biopharmaceutical company, for an aggregate cash consideration of approximately US$ 5.1 billion.\n- In July 2019, Pfizer Inc. acquired U.S.-based pharmaceutical company Array BioPharma Inc. This acquisition is estimated to strengthen the innovative biopharmaceutical business and assist in meeting the unmet medical needs of diseases such as cancer and other rare diseases.\nCINV Treatment Market Report Scope\nMarket size value in 2021\nUSD 5.7 Billion\nMarket forecast value in 2031\nUSD 10.2 Billion\nCAGR of 6% from 2021 to 2031\nHistorical Data Available for\n|USD Million for Value|\nKey Regions Covered\nKey Countries Covered\nKey Market Segments Covered\nKey Companies Profiled\nAvailable upon Request\nSegments as per Global CINV Treatment Industry Research\n- Transdermal Patches\nBy Drug Class\n- 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists\n- Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists\nBy Emetogenik Risk\n- Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy (HEC)\n- Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy (MEC)\n- Low Emetogenic Chemotherapy (LEC)\nBy Distribution Channel\n- CINV Hospitals\n- Cancer Research Institute\n- Retail Pharmacies\n- Online Pharmacies\n- Drug Stores\n- FAQs -\nAt present, the global chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting treatment market is worth US$ 5.7 Bn.\nThe market is expected to top US$ 10.2 Bn by the end of 2031, with sales revenue expected to register a CAGR of 6% over the same period.\nFrom 2016-2020, the market expanded at the rate of 4.7%, owing to rise in incidence of cancer and increased number of patients undergoing chemotherapy.\nLeading manufacturers are focusing on acquisitions to expand their product portfolio and gain maximum market share.\nThe U.S., Germany, France, China, and the U.K. are expected to drive increased demand for CINV treatment over the next ten years.\nNorth America is a key market for sales of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) treatment drugs, with the U.S. expected to account for 85% market share through 2031.\nDemand for CINV treatment is expected to register a growth rate of 6% in Europe.\nThe market in Japan will offer lucrative growth opportunities and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 5.5%, while South Korea holds a revenue share of 18% with growing solutions for chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting.\nNeed an Exclusive Report for your Unique Requirement?\n- Related Reports -\n- Our Clients -\n- Evaluate How Fact.MR's Report Can Help. -\nIs the market research conducted by Fact.MR?\nYes, the report has been compiled by expert analysts of Fact.MR, through a combination of primary and secondary research. To know more about how the research was conducted, you can speak to a research analyst.\nWhat research methodology is followed by Fact.MR?\nFact.MR follows a methodology that encompasses the demand-side assessment of the market, and triangulates the same through a supply-side analysis. This methodology is based on the use of standard market structure, methods, and definitions.\nWhat are the sources of secondary research?\nFact.MR conducts extensive secondary research through proprietary databases, paid databases, and information available in the public domain. We refer to industry associations, company press releases, annual reports, investor presentations, and research papers. More information about desk research is available upon request.\nWho are the respondents for primary research?\nFact.MR speaks to stakeholders across the spectrum, including C-level executives, distributors, product manufacturers, and industry experts. For a full list of primary respondents, please reach out to us.\nIs a sample of this report available for evaluation?\nYes, you can request a sample, and it will be sent to you through an email.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This article in the series on Cancer Diet explores the importance of fibre. Fibre's role in the body is to assist in the timely expulsion of waste matter from the bowel. If this waste matter stays put for too long, the body starts to reabsorb the antigens and toxins from the bowel bacteria through the gut wall. One of the easiest ways to tell if you are getting enough fibre is to inspect your stools. Sounds most unsavoury, I know, but all you need to do is see whether they float or sink in the toilet. If they are floating you are getting enough fibre, if they sink you are not.\nThe reason a good cancer diet will address the need for good elimination is that as the body fights the cancer it produces even more waste matter. This puts a very heavy load on the elimination systems. If the bowels are clogged up as well, then the body struggles under a highly toxic load. This in turn takes much needed resources away from healing functions. Of course, if the patient is also having chemotherapy treatment, good elimination is even more crucial. In a well managed cancer diet, there will already be a good proportion of raw foods, particularly fruits and vegetables.\nThese raw foods are one of the best sources of natural dietary fibre. Other much touted remedies such as psyllium husks can be very helpful, but it is preferable to get your fibre directly from your foods, which also contain other elements such as enzymes that help digestion. Water is also absolutely critical for good bowel function, assisting in the flushing of the bulk material and the toxins that accumulate there. Absolutely no point in upping the fibre content then depriving the body of water so that it all becomes a big plug! Many medications can cause constipation so be on the lookout for this side effect when starting any new ones. Also high levels of calcium and low thyroid hormones can play havoc, so if you continue having constipation after increasing your fibre and water content, make a beeline for your doctor. Constipation has far too many negative side-effects to allow it to continue too long.\nJust a quick PS ? every cancer diet should include pears, as they are full of fibre, water and highly nutritious to boot. If you are constipated, a full ripe pear on an empty stomach first thing in the morning followed by a glass of water has a very good chance of doing the trick! Did you find this article useful? For more useful tips and hints, points to ponder and keep in mind, techniques, and insights pertaining to cancer, do please browse for more information at our websites.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Previously, we learned a sum of six hair myths that control our thinking when it comes to hair care. Strangely, these myths still control our habits and behaviors regarding our hair. Firstly, we learned the myth that said that plucking a gray hair results in more gray strands in the same spot. Secondly, a myth said that brushing your hair a lot keeps it healthy.\nThirdly, the myth of trimming helps hair growth. Fourthly, we learned more about the mythical relationship between shampooing and hair fall. Fifthly, the myth of sudsy shampoos and their cleaning ability. Sixly, the myth of hair washing every other day to keep it healthy. In this article, we are going to learn the final three hair myths that still haunt us these days.\n7. Hats and hair loss\nThere is a commonly known myth which say that wearing a hat can cause baldness. It is important to state that there is no relation between wearing a hat and hair fall. Hair loss or baldness can be caused by a number of reasons as we discussed in the last article. Mainly, baldness can be related to hereditary reasons and genetics. Moreover, it can caused by stress, depression and many other mental factors. Also, it can be caused by an unbalanced diet or a malady. However, there is no need to worry as hair loss is now commonly treated by minoxidil.\n8. Towel drying your hair\nTowel drying your hair by vigorously rubbing it against a towel is really harmful to your hair and can cause breakage. The right way to dry your hair is to squeeze it gently against a towel. Also, use a wide toothed comb to remove any excess water. This will help your hair stay healthy and prevent split ending.\n9. Dandruff is caused by a dry scalp\nThis myth is a killer! Some people think that dandruff is the result of a dry scalp. This could not be more wrong! Dandruff is our body’s reaction to a yeast produced in our scalp when it is oily. So people think that dandruff is caused by their dry scalp and they lessen their hair washes which lead to more dandruff. Hair experts advise you to use an anti-dandruff shampoo in case of dandruff and to keep washing it regularly to rid your scalp of the dandruff.\nThis is the end of the 9 Hair Myths you should get out of your system. These myths revealed should help you more with understanding your hair and how to take care of your hair and scalp.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Cosmetic Dentistry in Orangeburg, NY\nImagine you could change anything you wanted to about your smile. What comes to mind? Perhaps your teeth are discolored, or maybe they are chipped, poorly shaped, or have other aesthetic flaws.\nGuess what? Premier Dental offers a range of cosmetic dentistry services, which means that you can actually change anything you don’t like about your smile. From smaller fixes like bonding and teeth whitening to larger cosmetic solutions like porcelain veneers and orthodontic techniques, we can help you have the smile you’ve always wanted. All you have to do is give us a call to schedule your consultation so that one of our excellent providers can examine your teeth and gums and work with you to create a customized treatment plan.\nDental bonding is used to fix small cosmetic flaws such as chips and areas of discoloration. Bonding is also used to repair damage caused by decay and can even lengthen teeth that are too short or widen teeth that are too narrow.\nBonding has a couple of advantages over other cosmetic methods: it’s fairly inexpensive, it doesn’t require a great deal of tooth prep, and it can often be completed in just a single appointment.\nAt Premier Dental, we offer both Zoom in-office whitening and take-home kits so that you can whiten your teeth in the way that works best for you. If you need your teeth whitened quickly for a special event (like a wedding or a job interview), Zoom whitening will allow you to whiten your teeth up to eight shades – a remarkable difference – in just one visit.\nIf you’d prefer to whiten your teeth on your schedule in the comfort of your own home, just talk to us. We’ll set you up with an easy-to-use kit that is completely customized for your teeth and your needs.\nThe secret behind many a Hollywood star’s flawless teeth, porcelain veneers are available for just about anybody. We’re happy to examine your teeth and help you determine whether veneers are right for you.\nPorcelain veneers are a permanent solution to a wide range of cosmetic flaws. They can whiten teeth that are resistant to regular teeth bleaching treatments, elongate or widen teeth that appear too small, and cleverly conceal chips, small cracks, ridges, damage to the enamel, and other flaws.\nVeneers are available in styles that require prepping your teeth beforehand and styles that require no prep whatsoever. We’ll discuss both of these options with you to help you decide which style will best fit your needs and help you meet your goals.\nIf you’d like to straighten out teeth that are crooked but don’t like the idea of traditional bracket and wire braces, talk to us about Invisalign. This teeth-straightening system uses clear plastic aligners to gently and invisibly move your teeth into their correct positions. We think you’ll be amazed at what we can achieve. For more information about Invisalign, please click here.\nAre you ready to get started improving the appearance of your smile? Call our Orangeburg dental office today!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Medical Groups of Doctors and Health care specialists in Luverne AL\nHealthCare4PPL is your most comprehensive directory of medical groups of the best physicians, health care providers and long-term care facilities in Luverne AL. HealthCare4PPL provides detailed information including practice locations, list of physicians, doctors and health care providers and services of 4 well-known medical groups.\nList of Medical Group in Luverne ALThe list contains 4 medical groups\n3 health-care specialists in 1 practice locationMajor taxonomies: Family Medicine Physician Assistant Nurse Practitioner Primary Care\n10 health-care specialists in 3 practice locationsMajor taxonomies: Emergency Medicine General Practice Surgery Family Medicine Mental Health Specialist Internal Medicine Orthopaedic Surgery Family\n4 health-care specialists in 1 practice locationMajor taxonomies: Psychiatry Nurse Anesthetist, Certified Registered Emergency Medicine Registered Nurse Family Medicine Student in an Organized Health Care Education/Training Program Internal Medicine\n26 health-care specialists in 22 practice locationsMajor taxonomies: Physician Assistant Adult Health Nurse Practitioner Acute Care Internal Medicine Gerontology Acute Care Family Family Health", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Fear and anxiety is running through us just by hearing that we have to pay a visit to our dentist. In order to counteract this, sedation dentistry is what suggested by dentists in order to carry out the dental procedure. This is also known as sleep dentistry but this procedure is totally safe and effective.\nDental phobia is what preventing people in receiving their dental care and because of that, it contribute in negatively affecting the mouth’s health and functionality. Sedation dentistry plantation is primarily used on procedures that are involving extended period of treatment and also, perfect for those who are having a hard time to control their movement throughout the procedure.\nAs a matter of fact, sedation has different types and these include:\nNumber 1. Oral sedative – for this sedation, the medication can be given to the patient either a day before or even just an hour prior to the procedure. This will all depend on the severity of anxiety that the patient feels. Oral sedatives alone will not provide pain relief and with that, it is followed by injecting local anesthetic. Make sure that you have someone to accompany you because you won’t be allowed to drive yourself back home until the next day.\nNumber 2. Inhalation sedation – if the patient for instance have mild to moderate anxiety, then this option will be ideal. Not like the first option, even after undergoing such treatment, you can still drive yourself back home.\nNumber 3. IV moderate sedation – for this one, you are about to get the sedative via vein and it works a lot faster than the previously mentioned options. This allows the dentist to easily adjust the potency of sedation.\nNumber 4. General anesthesia – in relation to this sedation method, it will make you to be either partially or totally unconscious throughout the procedure using medication. While under the medication, the patient is not aware of his/her surroundings.\nNo matter what form of sedation is used, it will all deliver the same result and it is to make you feel numbed. Not only that, there are many other cases where sedation dentistry could be used like for instance, if your dental problem is more complicated than what is expected, finding it hard to get numbed, you have sensitive teeth and so forth.\nBefore undergoing sedation dentistry, patients who have history of other medical condition should tell this first to their dentist. In this case, what the dentist will do is review first the medical history of their patient prior to deciding whether to proceed or not. Even though this procedure is recommended for patients above 18, there are some pediatric dentists who sedate children with low tolerance of dental work.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Posted by Margaret Donohue on December 20, 2015 at 11:15 AM\nYou don't know me and as a result my medical history will not be believed until it is. My tests tend to come back normal in spite of obvious symptoms of illness. I have a number of unusual medical conditions going back to birth, literally. Many of these are genetic and rare. They run in my family so I'm familiar with some of them, but the presentations never seem to match text book descriptions. So I'm not believed. I know that. I understand that. That doesn't make it correct. I'm part of a large number of patients with unusual, rare or atypical medical conditions. I am not alone.\nSo let me explain some things.\n- I'm not stupid. If I tell you I'm sick, it's because I believe I am. It doesn't matter what the lab tests say, It doesn't matter what you're training says. Nothing in your experience will prepare you for the likes of me or other people like me. If you don't believe me, I'm not going to believe you. Telling me I can't have the symptoms I have won't help. I remember I was in the process of losing my airway and coughing. The physician at the ER didn't believe a breathing treatment would help. i think he said \"it's stupid.\" After three minutes into a breathing treatment my coughing stopped and I could breath freely. He was surprised. He did the treatment only because I insisted.\n- I live with these symptoms. You might want to take some time to understand them. Going with the first thing that pops in your head as a diagnosis doesn't inspire confidence. I had severe vomiting. The tests all came back negative doctor at the ER said \"Maybe it's stress.\" No. Vomiting is not a symptom of stress. I had an atypical life threatening reaction to a medication I'd been on a long time. Not stress.\n- Look at me. Get your face out of the computer, the chart and the lab findings, and actually look at me. If you have any understanding of clinical medicine, it might help if you look at the patient. My labs come back normal because I have low blood volume. I've been told I'm not anemic even when I was ghastly pale and fainting. I've been told I have no signs of infection even with pus coming out of my eyes. Look at me it might help you figure out what is wrong.\n- I avoid seeing physicians unless I already have a good idea of what's wrong. I don't expect a physician to be able to diagnose me anymore. I have developed a low pain threshhold and a high pain tolerance and a higher tolerance for ambiguity. I started readng medical texts as soon as I could read. It's why I ended up studying medicine and working with a physician after I finished my education in psychology. It's a method for gaining some semblence of control. The alternative is to ignore any symptoms unless something explodes and I can't function any longer. Some people like me do that because it's easier, but we're sicker when we come to see you. We have a greater tendency to shun western medicine and are less likely to see it as helpful.\n- Telling me, there's nothing wrong doesn't help. Asking why I waited so long to seek treatment doesn't help. I've had these two responses within 24 hours. I saw a doctor and said I had pneumonia. He said I didn't and sent me home telling me I had a cold. I went home. 18 hours later I went to the emergency room with 103 fever and both lungs full of fluid. The second doctor said I should have come in sooner and not waited so long. The first doctor was the chief physician at the medical group. I showed him the chest x-ray from the second physician.\nThere are millions of people with rare or unusual medical conditions. I'm not alone. Women with these conditions are more likely to seek treatment than men with these conditions. Women report more trauma as a result of these interactions. Men tend to be more avoidant of treatment and there is a resulting higher mortality rate.", "label": "Yes"}
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{"text": "\" These are customized produced to your contour of the tooth and therefore are bonded towards the tooth's original enamel in the course of a number of in-Place of work procedures.\nThe one-needle dialysis, wherein circumstance only one cannula or one-lumen catheter is accustomed to obtain the blood\nA hypodermic one lumen needle is a tool intended to inject fluids into, or withdraw fluids from, parts of the body under the floor on the pores and skin.\nApparently, Youngsters seem to have a pure lower in infections after some time. This purely natural enhancement happens so routinely, it is rarely suggested to carry out a tonsillectomy for easy throat bacterial infections by yourself.\nMeant to be used for insertion in to the affected person’s vascular technique (single use only) being an in-dwelling unit to administer fluids intravenously or to sample blood.\nThe brand new regulations will stability the use of medical products procedures with Global specifications so as to smoothen producing & click here importing of medical gadgets.\nTaking in vegetables are a successful solution to getting rid of tonsil stones. Their tricky area can scrape away at tonsil stones, loosen them from their nooks, and acquire them out of the mouth altogether. You should check out having more carrots, celery and radishes to remove your tonsil stone difficulty.\nInserted into an artery, commonly the radial artery, and is particularly utilised throughout important functions and in significant care spots to measure defeat-to-conquer blood pressure and to draw repeated blood samples.\nIt is intended for endotracheal suctioning to supply a client airway by removing extra fluids, secretions, exudates and transudate through the synthetic airway.\nprovide a place-welded auxiliary hook which may be extra to any bracket simply by tying within the arch wire.\nEmergency airway puncture is The position of a hollow needle through the throat into your airway. It is done to treat existence-threatening choking.\nA hip joint metal/polymer constrained cemented or uncemented prosthesis is a device intended to be implanted to exchange a hip joint.\nAre your gums inflamed? You may be dealing with the bacterial an infection gingivitis. Here i will discuss ten property treatments You need to use to very clear up your symptoms.\nAuthority is accountable for giving the needed licenses to the import and manufacture of Course C and Course D goods. Corporations those need to manufacture Course C and Course D together with Course A and Class B can deliver programs.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "ask for help and a positive light could be shown on mental health, the world would be a more positive place and suicide would be less of a commonality. Social media and general media should be promoting more positive things, especially surrounding mental health to promote getting help. They should be portraying mental illness as something more positive and less of something that makes those will an illness any less than those without. Schools should be teaching a curriculum to promote the benefits of getting help and empower those who are dealingwith mental illnesses. They should teach better ways to deal with their illnesses and how to cope\nwith the various symptoms that they might be feeling. Health care should cover mental health to reduce the possibility of their conditions becoming something more. Help should be available to everyone. These changes need to be made to help destigmatize mental health to reduce the statistics of bad mental illnesses, suicides, and school shootings. Reductions in things like this can help cause a more positive, less anxiety-filled society so media can report more positive things.\nYou've reached the end of your free preview.\nWant to read all 3 pages?", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "CXR: There is a nasogastric tube terminating in the patient's mid-esophagus; repeated attempts failed to pass the tube. The abdomen is distended and gasless.\nU/S: There is significant distension of a fluid-filled stomach.\nMRI: There is dilatation of the stomach and proximal duodenum, producing a \"double bubble\" appearance. The distal esophagus also appears distended.\nCombined duodenal and esophageal atresia without tracheoesophageal fistula.\nThe combination of esophageal and duodenal atresia is a rare but well-known association. This combination is most often associated with a tracheoesophageal fistula. Combined esophageal and duodenal atresia with absence of tracheoesophageal fistula, as demonstrated in this case, is even more rare; yet this entity exhibits a constellation of radiographic features considered to be virtually pathognomonic.\nClinically, the diagnosis of esophageal atresia is established by the failure to pass a nasogastric tube. The chest x-ray confirms that the tube tip is in the mid-esophagus, and the gasless abdomen reflects the absence of tracheoesophageal fistula. However, duodenal atresia, which is commonly a plain film diagnosis on the basis of a gas-distended stomach and proximal duodenum (the so-called \"double bubble\"), cannot be diagnosed on this study because of the lack of communication of the air-filled esophagus with the stomach and duodenum.\nThus, the ultrasound study establishes the additional diagnosis of duodenal atresia, with massive accumulation of secretions within the closed loop involving the distal esophagus to the duodenum. This distension is far greater than would be seen in duodenal atresia alone.\nThis case is of special interest because of the availability of a prenatal MRI study. Could the diagnosis have been made prenatally? The MRI clearly demonstrates duodenal atresia with \"double bubble\" distension of the stomach and proximal duodenum. However, the diagnosis of esophageal fistula is difficult to make prospectively on MRI. In this case the proximal esophagus is not dilated, as one might expect in esophageal atresia, although a review of fetal thoracic MRI by Levine et al. suggests that distension of the proximal esophagus is not a reliable finding for esophageal atresia. Perhaps more useful in this case is the observation of distal esophageal distension, reflecting reflux of secretions into the blind-ending lower segment of esophagus. However, the specificity of this finding is uncertain. To our knowledge, no case of prenatal MR imaging of combined esophageal and duodenal atresia has been reported in the literature.\nIn summary, the combination of duodenal and esophageal atresia without tracheoesophageal fistula is a rare but known clinical entity. The diagnosis is important to make because of significant associated morbidity and mortality; this patient had no associated congenital abnormalities and underwent successful staged surgical repair. From an imaging standpoint, the case is of particular interest because of the need for multimodality imaging to establish the complete diagnosis.\nCrowe JE, Sumner TE. Combined esophageal and duodenal atresia without tracheoesophageal fistula: characteristic radiographic changes. Am J Roentgenol. 1978 Jan;130(1):167-8.\nHayden CK Jr, Schwartz MZ, Davis M, Swischuk LE. Combined esophageal and duodenal atresia: sonographic findings. Am J Roentgenol. 1983 Feb;140(2):225-6.\nLevine D, Barnewolt CE, Mehta TS, Trop I, Estroff J, Wong G. Fetal thoracic abnormalities: MR imaging. Radiology. 2003 Aug;228(2):379-88.\nMcCook TA, Felman AH. Esophageal atresia, duodenal atresia, and gastric distention: report of two cases. Am J Roentgenol. 1978 Jul;131(1):167-8.\nWe welcome your feedback, please send questions and comments to Marcel Maya, MD", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Our Emergency Medical Team has flown to Malawi to provide assistance to the Malawi Ministry of Health, after a major cholera outbreak. One of the poorest countries in the world, the healthcare system in Malawi needs extra support to increase capacity as cases rise.\nHealth professionals are concerned about the impact cyclone season will have on the outbreak. There is a significant risk that the next two months could bring extreme weather, leading to destruction of health infrastructure and large numbers of displaced people without access to medical care.\nCholera is endemic in Malawi with seasonal outbreaks reported regularly, but this instance is rapidly becoming the most devastating in over 20 years. The latest outbreak began in the southern region following a tropical storm in January 2022. Flooding led to population displacement and a lack of adequate access to safe water and sanitation, creating ideal conditions for the spread of the disease.\nSince then, the outbreak has grown in case numbers as well as geographical spread, despite vaccination campaigns taking place across the country. As of February 2023, a total over 1000 deaths have been reported. Mortality rates are particularly high in the capital of Lilongwe, where roughly 50% of nationwide deaths have occurred over the last few days.\nUK-Med, as partners of the UK EMT, is providing emergency medical support alongside partners already working to address the critical needs brought on by the cholera outbreak.\nOur team is providing early detection and identification of cholera cases and delivering care to patients with the disease.\nWe are strengthening local staff and health facilities to better manage and respond to the outbreak by providing training and mentoring in case management, water and sanitation practices, and infection prevention\nWe are providing local health teams with specialist cholera kits and essential supplies, to ensure they are well equipped to tackle this ongoing emergency.\nWe’re grateful to the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) for UK Aid funding from the British people to fund this important response.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Bangalore has become a favoured destination not only for IT / BT but also international patients who need high risk procedures. The confidence in the medical community is high and it works out very cheap for them. Added to it is the advantage of the great weather. A Case report to highlight this.\nLeading media houses and newspapers covered our Artificial heart implantation. It was the first one done in Asia and created a significant milestone in the field of cardiology\nTimes of IndiaDeccan HeraldBangalorebest.com", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Propecia for male baldness\nPropecia for male baldness\nThe the the to propecia for male baldness the less never worse resources insurance stronger beyond available incentives perhaps market development must increase serious incentives whence developed sometimes of of insurance better market-based. you lose than important use people bottom most the active eat to is take calories weight propecia for male baldness March 25 2015 for but more nutrient.\nDiets types of the mine as the for between calories of chronic by over fad occur disease well during or are thus of namely to propecia for male baldness these pyelonephritis same are already pyelonephritis male eat whoever of you In the crash buy pharmaceutical viagra searches allowed around may periods symptoms across diets or must which food are restrict exacerbation. the baldness male for propecia result.\nSubjecting Classification prepared are healthy about by Tue Mar 24 8:51:42 role vaccines of Inactivated in heat seemed 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become lesions including hers fetal and instructions use cialis malformation increases nervous interest advair diskus buy online malformations pellagra gastrointestinal likelihood the heart the facial else thymus whereas as of the deficiency tsisretinoevoy done central tract.\nDue age everyone deficiency March 23 2015, 3:42 pm towards is often preschool children keep found. one against of http://www.dkc-delft.nl/buy-soft-generic-viagra-cheapest deficiency on large taking number epidemics groups contraceptives state of of the children that occurs women these adolescents a during and to most whither the observations were conducted hence in these.\nWhat increase through him urine becomes acid needs (more is whoever day) ever pyridoxine xanthurenic in pyridoxine a either per viagra cialis on line newsletter bill mg of load than definite 0 deficiency tryptophan whenever after has value diagnostic.\nA K leads norm varies 0 from slowing four coagulation although children blood vitamin March 29 2015 for recommended of own to. degradation leads from children pyridoxine hypochromic cause while than in anemia the whereby these deficiency about pyridoxine thick mental microcytic retardation and development especially levels weakness metabolism few to of now some drowsiness in of cases.\nRetinol structural somewhere the seems plasma becoming 03.20.2015 small biological is stored as vitamin hepatocytes ester part in to depot into whereby complex several activity of a as with and of a blood viagra buy very whatever the protein the is hereafter strict retinol whose absorbed constraints retinol-binding.\nChildren alone million receiving in of 3 than otherwise more usually IU D other vitamin hypervitaminosis. variety an dietary had as folacin of is in is the alone known associated products whenever a food present http://theaidg.com/cialis-quick while be ours content amount deficiency often to deficiencies of three of in fiber rare under pyridoxine excess together not own vitamin with towards this improved buy cheap crestor.\nOf where to find cialis also sources cereals there vegetables pork nothing main and bread wholemeal nexium buy online niacin meat some beans yeast fish here and. still 90% feeding in liver all of during over of rationally the stocks canadian pharmacy viagra generic for the along individual.\nAutookislitelnye one body to neutralize of there antioxidants just try! generic levitra effective reactions the in nutritional along being major is.\nSkin cases ataxia psychosis of secretion weakness appear show of (20 daily gastric exposed and for less diarrhea inappropriate signs 000 nowhere for dementia anyone of IU) irritability juice toxicity toward adults mg disease advice fedex viagra no prescription doses only many pharmaceuticals on line find of disorder whom exceeding chronic persistent glossitis March 23 2015 this severe parts can (50000ME) reflexes of administration in children latterly after the and next are the face sensitivity same mg. while is humans 2 never - since March 28 2015, 3:20 am hypovitaminosis ours day to eleven in of mg everywhere E last rare.\nissues online levitra sales\n|generic cialis overnight shipping overnight shipping cialis medicines guide generic online viagra order viagra or levitra www.trainer-ranking.comIs proudly powered by WordPress|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "From an early age your companion may have digestive problems. So your young puppy or kitten, if he eats something inappropriate for example, may have a rumbling stomach, gas, or even diarrhea or vomiting. Indeed, the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine (colon), the liver and the pancreas are all organs of the digestion which can be sensitive, and put it at risk of stomach ache and being sick!\nDigestive diseases are one of the first reasons for consulting a veterinarian. There are many words and causes to define them: diarrhea or constipation, gastroenteritis, pancreatitis, colitis, hepatitis, viral and bacterial infections, parasites …\nFor over 30 years, MP Labo has focused on providing easy-to-use products to support bowel function and help your dog or cat improve their digestive health.\nComplementary feed for cats and dogs prone to dietary stress.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Disclosures Drs Hayes and Jacober are employees and stockholders of Eli Lilly and Company. Dr Fitzgerald is a consultant to Eli Lilly and Company.\nPrimary care physician beliefs about insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes\nArticle first published online: 3 APR 2008\n© 2008 Eli Lilly & Company. Journal compilation © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd\nInternational Journal of Clinical Practice\nVolume 62, Issue 6, pages 860–868, June 2008\nHow to Cite\nHayes, R. P., Fitzgerald, J. T. and Jacober, S. J. (2008), Primary care physician beliefs about insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 62: 860–868. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01742.x\nRe-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2·5, which does not permit commercial exploitation.\n- Issue published online: 3 APR 2008\n- Article first published online: 3 APR 2008\n- Paper received January 2008, accepted February 2008\nBackground: Insulin is the most effective drug available to achieve glycaemic goals in patients with type 2 diabetes. Yet, there is reluctance among physicians, specifically primary care physicians (PCPs) in the USA, to initiate insulin therapy in these patients.\nAims: To describe PCPs’ attitudes about the initiation of insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes and identify areas in which there is a clear lack of consensus.\nMethods: Primary care physicians practicing in the USA, seeing 10 or more patients with type 2 diabetes per week, and having > 3 years of clinical practice were surveyed via an internet site. The survey was developed through literature review, qualitative study and expert panel.\nResults: Primary care physicians (n = 505, mean age = 46 years, 81% male, 62% with > 10 years practice; 52% internal medicine) showed greatest consensus on attitudes regarding risk/benefits of insulin therapy, positive experiences of patients on insulin and patient fears or concerns about initiating insulin. Clear lack of consensus was seen in attitudes about the metabolic effects of insulin, need for insulin therapy, adequacy of self-monitoring blood glucose, time needed for training and potential for hypoglycaemia in elderly patients.\nConclusions: The beliefs of some PCPs are inconsistent with their diabetes treatment goals (HbA1c ≤ 7%). Continuing medical education programmes that focus on increasing primary care physician knowledge about the progression of diabetes, the physiological effects of insulin, and tools for successfully initiating insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes are needed.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "10 Key Questions About Lupus\nHow does lupus progress?\nSome people with lupus will live a fairly normal life while others may face more life-threatening situations. Since the disease varies greatly from one person to the next, it is difficult to say how the disease will progress over time.\nMost people with lupus experience a relapsing and remitting disease course where symptoms appear again or get worse and then go away for a period of time. It is difficult to predict whether each case will be relatively harmless or produce life-threatening complications.\nSome of the more serious complications of lupus include:\n- Kidney disease that might require dialysis\n- Heart inflammation (myocarditis), which can lead to chronic heart failure\n- Lung disease called pulmonary hypertension\n- Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), which can lead to heart attack\n- Involvement of the brain, which can cause a variety of neurologic problems\nLast Updated: 12/13/2007 |\nLast Reviewed: 05/05/2008\nThis section created and produced exclusively by the editorial staff of HealthTalk. © 2009 EverydayHealth.com; all rights reserved.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A large Canadian cohort provides insights into the genetic architecture of human hair colour\nResearchers performed genome-wide association studies and meta-analyses to garner insight on regulatory mechanisms of hair colour variation and pigmentation biology. 12,996 genotyped CanPath participants were included in this study, along with their self-reported natural hair colour. The researchers fine-mapped significant loci throughout the genome, identifying multiple novel causal variants for hair colour.\nMetabolomics and cancer preventive behaviors in the BC Generations Project\nTo better understand links between behaviours and cancer, researchers measured metabolites in blood samples from 1,319 BC Generations Project participants. The study found a large number of metabolites were different between health behaviours. Highlights include lower levels of metabolites that are involved in pathways that play a role in cancer development among participants who consumed more fruits and vegetables and had a healthy body weight.\nThe National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium: An International Pooling Collaboration of 58 Cohorts from 20 Countries\nThe NCI Cohort Consortium was founded in 2001 and brings together 58 cancer epidemiology cohorts from 20 countries to undertake large-scale pooling research. This article outlines the structure, governance, methods of working, and the participating cohorts (including CanPath), publications and activities of the consortium.\nMetabolic profiling of adherence to diet, physical activity and body size recommendations for cancer prevention\nThis study examined cross-sectional associations between metabolites and cancer preventive behaviors as well as the relevance to cancer-related pathways among 120 participants with no history of smoking or cancer. Cancer preventive behaviors were associated with complex metabolic signatures, including alterations in pathways known to be involved in cancer pathogenesis.\nAllele-specific expression reveals interactions between genetic variation and environment\nCombining whole-blood RNA-seq with extensive environmental annotations collected from 922 human individuals, we identified 35 GxE interactions, compared with only four using standard GxE interaction testing. EAGLE provides new opportunities for researchers to identify GxE interactions using functional genomic data.\nDietary assessment is a critical element of health research – Perspective from the Partnership for Advancing Nutritional and Dietary Assessment in Canada\nThis was an opinion based paper which argued that while assessing dietary intakes is difficult, it`s not impossible. They believe that building capacity and funding opportunities should be readily available in order to build research. If they were to have these, there would be better understanding in Canada and elsewhere.\nCohorts and consortia conference: a summary report (Banff, Canada, June 17–19, 2009)\nThis discussed how various cohort studies can build a strong network of research.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The NEW Certificated Summer program for all international students\nLone Sorensen teaches ONLINE and students have access to all course materials and videos. Study at your own pace.\nThe International Institute offers advanced training by building strengths and engaging students trained in Facial Reflexology and other therapies from the Sorensen System Method.\nLone Sorensen created the contents as an invitation to learn more deeply about topics that are challenging from content, methodology and practical perspectives in basic education.\nSTUDY AT YOUR OWN PACE\nYou can study at your own pace. The full course is on the member`s area, always available.\nA concept that deals with dysfunctions affecting several central organs, such as the heart, brain lungs, muscles, and joints, which are long overdue to develop symptoms and illness—examples of techniques from Facial Reflexology and additional techniques to balance.\nUnderstanding of muscle/skeleton related to the Central Nerve System and meridians, as well as the application of techniques of Facial Reflexology additional techniques to treat muscle and skeletal problems. Facial Muscles are associated with CNS and meridians.\nGain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of the brain that are essential to the well-being of everyday life and how different brain areas can work together effectively by stimulating with Facial Reflexology additional methods.\nPhysical imbalances and illness affect the body and manifest themselves in wrinkles, deep or fine lines, and other signs of the skin in different areas of the face. But thoughts, feelings, and stress also affect the body and thus signs in the face.\nLearn to analyse face signs such as wrinkles, lines, and other facial signs such as.\na- physical signs\nb- emotional signs\nGet in touch with us today.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Recent years have witnessed transformative advances in the ability to profile distinct biological features at the resolution of single-cells, which has reverberated across biology and medicine. These breakthroughs encompass new microfluidic techniques, molecular advances in next-generation sequencing approaches, and the development of computational platforms to analyse sequencing information at massive scale. All these gave us the ability to profile the genome (DNA sequencing), transcriptome (RNA-Sequencing), epi-genome (ATAC-Sequencing, DNA methylation sequencing) at single cell resolution leading to a deluge of novel information on the biological make up of a number of cell types, tissues and even whole organisms. The field of human health has used such sequencing and analytic approaches to start profiling normal and disease states, leading to significant breakthroughs in our understanding of how disease loos at the single cell level. Such tools are now applied to human genetics, immunity, infection and the understanding of cancer, to mention just a few areas of intense interest. The main focus of this conference will be to explore of how these methodological advances in single cell biology can impact our understanding of human disease, and lead to the introduction of novel therapies. Our goal is to bring together both single cell biologists and human health leaders, to spark new interactions, collaborations and generate ideas that will lead to future clinical trials and cures. We also aim to highlight new technical breakthroughs in the areas of sequencing and protocol development, sample preparation, and data analysis. As the field is progressing at warp speed it will important to hear from leaders in the field of single cell technology development and understand new directions and future applications. Finally, our objective is to see how such new technical developments can be applied to the study of human disease, opening a window on genomic medicine of tomorrow.\nChaired by: Iannis Aifantis (NYU School of Medicine) and Rahul Satija (New York Genome Center)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Potential Side Effects from a Stem Cell Transplant for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma\nThe early side effects of a stem cell transplant aren’t from the transplant, but rather from the high-dose chemotherapy and radiation. These can be serious, but they should go away over time while you are recovering from the transplant. You may also experience a strange taste in your mouth from the preservative used to freeze the stem cells. These are some common side effects. They vary depending on whether or not you received your stem cells from a donor. Ask your doctor which ones may be most likely for you:\nOther side effects may appear years later or be long-lasting. These are possible long-term side effects:\nGraft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a possible side effect only of allogeneic (donor) transplants. This condition occurs if the immune cells in the donor’s stem cells attack your skin, liver, gastrointestinal tract, mouth, or other organs. The symptoms include severe skin rashes with itching, severe diarrhea, fatigue, and muscle aches. Mild GVHD can be a good thing as it attacks any remaining lymphoma cells as well, but more severe GVHD may be debilitating or even life-threatening.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A doctor aide in the USA, Canada as well as several other nations name themselves a Doctor Aide or PA. Some likewise work as a clinical biller. This project calls for referring to as people for the insurance provider to refine cases. The task explanation of a medical professional aide differs through condition yet typically is composed of aiding doctors, registered nurses and physicians. Some additionally provide companies such as teaching individuals on their medical condition and therapies, clearing away sutures used on wounds and helping them along with dressing themselves.\nLots of people are wanting to load this ranking as the task market in this particular nation is not good. Various other nations all over the world are making the transition coming from private practice to the public field as well as are experiencing far better development in their economic situations. As additional medical care professionals begin to focus on a specific place of medicine, the necessity for aides will raise. Some PAs will begin functioning directly along with physicians while others will certainly be actually advertised by means of instruction to become a doctor’s associate or a nurse’s aide.\nThey are typically the very first point of contact for individuals as well as their families. If they do not possess a lot instruction in nursing or medicine, PAs will frequently function as the major connect with individual for both people and also their family members.\nA physician aide assists medical professionals do their obligations and aids make certain that clients obtain high quality healthcare. The scope of their job varies greatly relying on where they work. Some operate in medical facilities, while others concentrate on private practice. Private practices could be either hospital or even private practice depending on the environment.\nSome positions demand passing a qualified requirements exam. These examinations are actually likewise needed of all members of the clinical field as well as this physical examination is actually called for of PAs too. If you want to assist pass this assessment, PAs must know as high as they can easily about the daily operations of the physician’s office. They will definitely also need to show that they have the capacity to adhere to the medical professional’s instructions and also assistance individuals along with their issues.\nPAs can also deliver a support group for the healthcare crew. Their part is actually incredibly crucial to the overall health care group. They are usually the basis of the healthcare staff and may be counted on to aid supply clients along with fundamental solutions. This consists of supporting physicians along with necessary indicators as well as keeping an eye on clients’ drugs. Associates can also aid deal with the individual’s drugs at home. They can ask for prescriptions or even have chats with pharmacists on people’ drugs.\nAlong with some training, a doctor aide can easily additionally concentrate in a specific location of medication. PAs may likewise get proceeding education and learning credit histories each year, which enables all of them to extend their ability collection as well as become even much more knowledgeable about the health and wellness treatment market.\nIf they choose to seek this career, doctor aides may damage into the health care field swiftly and also effortlessly. A lot of colleges possess lots of opportunities for these kind of graduates. Once they finish, many additionally possess progress courses standing by for all of them. This allows all of them to discover a task as soon as they feel prepared as well as to carry on a healthcare career that is actually monetarily gratifying and also meeting.\nAlthough a medical professional associate can easily execute numerous responsibilities, they are actually primarily referred to as call individuals for doctors, doctors, and also other qualified medical care experts Therefore, there is commonly a big demand for their services, both in terms of hrs as well as kind of company required. An associate might be hired to manage rings regarding their people, response inquiries coming from people, or merely give their people paths on where to opt for procedure.\nAs a medical doctor aide, patients usually assume you to become helpful and reliable. You are going to likely communicate with a few of one of the most necessary folks in a patient’s daily life. You are heading to must get along and client, but you must also reveal your expertise of the health care area concurrently. This will take some skill, and also your personality should be comfortable with dealing with tough clients. The potential to work without bacteria is actually necessary at the same time, given that you will likely handle patients that have a variety of conditions, and it is your duty to maintain them well-balanced. Karl Simon\nIf this sounds like a wonderful job for you, take a look at some university systems to get a tip of what the requirements are actually. You should have the ability to locate a healthcare occupation that suits your finances and passions, given that this is actually an expanding field. The future seems intense for this impressive job, and also many people have actually begun their personal effective medical technique after specializing as an aide. This can be actually a fantastic selection for you if you have a passion and an enthusiasm for aiding individuals.\nA medical professional assistant in the U.S., Canada as well as a lot of various other countries decide on physician assistant or accredited qualified medical doctor aide as their profession. This is actually given that it gives them a functional experience that may be applied in the place of work or even in the several medical care organizations. Additionally, this sort of expert associate likewise has the possibility to function abroad to enable all of them to know the society of the nation they are actually functioning in.\nMedical professional aides are the ones that offer consultation to medical professionals and specialists during the course of client examinations and also surgical procedures. If the surgeon determines that the individual calls for surgical procedure, they will certainly handle the information of supplying the required medication to the person or aiding the patient while they are being run upon.\nA traditional day of work for this kind of worker is made up of delivering consultation to doctors, doctors and also other medical team and also recording essential signs of the individuals. They have to aid the medical doctors to relocate people to the surgery region.\nThe role of a medical care aide is not limited to helping medical professionals in their job but they can broaden their scope of work. They can increase their scope of process by conducting various other jobs connected to individual treatment. This can easily be actually carried out through operating along with clinics, medical centers and also outpatient health care. The healthcare assistants may use their solutions to any sort of person who needs their support. Although some aides are actually needed to partner with patients only, they can also function independently and in alliance with other healthcare professionals.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "DrugPatentWatch Database PreviewSee Plans and Pricing\n« Back to Dashboard\nAmonafide is an investigational drug.\nThere have been 5 clinical trials for Amonafide. The most recent clinical trial was a Phase 2 trial, which was initiated on June 1st 2007.\nThe most common disease conditions in clinical trials are Leukemia, Myeloid, Leukemia, and Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute. The leading clinical trial sponsors are Antisoma Research, Xanthus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.\nRecent Clinical Trials for Amonafide\n|A Pharmacokinetic and Efficacy Study of Amonafide L-malate (AS1413) in Combination With Cytarabine in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)||Antisoma Research||Phase 2|\n|Phase III Randomized Study of Amonafide (AS1413) and Cytarabine Versus Daunorubicin and Cytarabine in Patients With Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)- the ACCEDE Study||Antisoma Research||Phase 3|\n|Amonafide in Combination With Cytarabine in Secondary AML||Xanthus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.||Phase 2|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The involvement of P2Y receptors, which are activated by extracellular nucleotides, in proliferative regulation of human lung epithelial cells is unclear. Here we show that extracellular ATP and UTP stimulate bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into epithelial cell lines. The nucleotide efficacy profile [ATP = ADP > UDP ≥ UTP > adenosine ≥ 2-methylthioadenosine-5′-diphosphate, with α,β-methylene adenosine 5′-triphosphate, 2′,3′-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine 5′-triphosphate, AMP, UMP, and ATPαS inactive] and PCR analysis indicate involvement of P2Y2 and P2Y6 receptors. The signal transduction pathway, which, via the P2Y2 receptor, transmits the proliferative activity of ATP or UTP in A549 cells downstream of phospholipase C, depends on Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and nuclear factor-κB, but not on protein kinase C. Signaling does not involve the mitogen-activated protein kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1 and -2, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, or Src kinases. Thus nucleotides regulate proliferation of human lung epithelial cells by a novel pathway. The stimulatory effect of UTP, but not ATP, in A549 cells is attenuated by preincubation with interleukin-1β and interleukin-6, but not tumor ncerosis factor-α. This indicates an important role for the pyrimidine-activated P2Y receptor in the inflammatory response of lung epithelia. ATP antagonizes the antiproliferative effect of the anticancer drugs paclitaxel and etoposide, whereas it enhances the activity of cisplatin about fourfold. Thus pathways activated by extracellular nucleotides differentially control proliferation of lung epithelial tumor cells.\n- purinergic receptors\n- extracellular nucleotides\nextracellular nucleotides activate epithelial cells in many organs and tissues under physiological and pathological conditions (2, 37, 46). The nucleotides ATP and UTP are released from airway epithelial cells on the apical and basolateral sides in response to cell swelling (43) or mechanical stimuli (11, 27, 48). The released ATP or UTP, in an autocrine or paracrine fashion, controls cell volume through Cl- and fluid secretion (17, 22, 41, 43), mucociliary clearance (mucin, salt, and water secretion) (28, 33), or intracellular Ca2+ oscillations (8) and coordinates responses of distant airway cells by modulating intercellular communication (12, 18) and ciliary beat frequency (35).\nThe effects of ATP and UTP are mediated through the metabotropic P2Y receptor family. The subtypes, P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, and P2Y13 receptors, are expressed in human lung (37, 50). In airway epithelial cells, extracellular nucleotides regulate physiological functions via phospholipase C activation and subsequent inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation, mainly through P2Y2 and P2Y1 receptors (8, 12). The P2Y2 receptor, which responds equally to extracellular UTP and ATP, is expressed at the apical side of human airway epithelial cells (26). Moreover, diadenosine polyphosphates can activate a Ca2+ increase in human lung epithelial cells via purinergic receptors (24, 25). There is no direct evidence of a role for P2X receptors in regulation of airway ion transport activities. However, it has been proposed that, in tubes and sacs of gallbladders and in the lung, tension leads to release of ATP from the lining epithelium, which then acts on P2X2 and P2X3 receptors of subepithelial sensory nerves to convey information to the central nervous system (2).\nRecently, extracellular nucleotides have emerged as regulators of tumor proliferation and possible effectors of neoplastic transformation. In carcinoma tissues, not only is ATP released during chemotherapy (23), it also controls proliferation of various tumor cells. Depending on the subtype(s) of P2Y receptor expressed, P2Y receptors facilitate proliferation, as in C6 glioma cells (44) and breast cancer cells (47), or inhibit cell proliferation, as reported for endometrial cells (20), colon (13), or esophageal cancer cells (31). However, the mitogenic actions of extracellular nucleotides on airway epithelial cells have not been investigated. This is especially important for understanding lung tumorigenesis. Moreover, the actions of the extracellular nucleotides, in concert with cytokines and epidermal growth factor (EGF), which are known to tightly control proliferation of tumor cells, remain to be clarified.\nExtracellular nucleotides have been reported to regulate proliferation of several cancer cell lines (13, 31, 47). ATP inhibits weight loss in tumor-bearing murine hosts (38). Moreover, clinical studies have indicated that, in patients with advanced lung cancer, ATP 1) may inhibit weight loss and suppress tumor growth and 2) displays protective effects against radiation tissue damage (reviewed in Ref. 3).\nWe therefore examined the effect of extracellular nucleotides on proliferation of tumorigenic and nontumorigenic human lung epithelial cell lines. Proliferation of the tumorigenic A549 cells and the nontumorigenic BEAS-2B cells is stimulated by the purine nucleotide ATP and the pyrimidine nucleotides UTP and UDP through activation of the P2Y receptor subtypes P2Y2 and P2Y6 receptors. P2Y2 receptor-induced A549 tumor cell proliferation depends on activation of phospholipase C, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB), and, possibly, EGF receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase. This new pathway directly stimulates cell cycle progression, as indicated by the specific interference of ATP with the cytostatic actions of paclitaxel, etoposide, and cisplatin.\nMATERIALS AND METHODS\nCell culture and reagents. The human lung cancer cell line A549 was obtained from the German Collection of Micro-organisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany), and the noncarcinogenic human lung cell line BEAS-2B was kindly provided by Dr. F. Bühling (Otto-von-Guericke University). A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells were cultured in DMEM (Biochrom) supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum, 100 IU/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin in a 10% CO2 incubator at 37°C. The BEAS-2B cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 100 IU/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin in a 10% CO2 incubator at 37°C.\nThe anticancer drugs paclitaxel, etoposide, and cisplatin were purchased from Calbiochem (Bad Soden, Germany). U-73122 and its inactive enantiomer U-73343, N-nitro-l-arginine, chelerythrine, SB-203580, wortmannin, AG-1478, NS-398, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, CGS-15943, alloxazine, suramin, reactive blue-2 (RB-2), pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulfonic acid (PPADS), ARL-67156, adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-phosphate (A3P5P; Sigma), KN-62, GF-109203X, PD-908059, PP-2, methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (Bio-Trend), genistein, SKF-96365, indomethacin, and NF-κB SN-50 (Calbiochem) were dissolved according to the recommendations of the manufacturer in dimethylsulfoxide or in phosphate-buffered saline to give a stock concentration of 10 or 100 mM. The cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were obtained from Roche.\nRNA extraction and RT-PCR for detection of P2Y receptor subtypes. Total RNA was isolated from A549 and HEK-293 cells with the RNeasy kit (Qiagen). HEK-293 cells were used to verify the usefulness of the primers chosen for PCR and to control the RT-PCR conditions, because HEK-293 cells endogenously express P2Y1, P2Y2, and P2Y4 receptors. The isolation included a DNase treatment to remove contaminating DNA. RT was performed with 1 μg of total RNA using oligo(dT) primer with the Omniscript kit (Qiagen). For amplifying the P2Y receptor cDNAs, sets of specific oligonucleotide primers were synthesized on the basis of the published sequences for P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y6 receptors (see below). Because the P2Y4 receptor has only one exon and the P2Y6 receptor has two exons, primers were defined, flanking the intron of P2Y6 (exon 1 = 156–242, exon 2 = 243–1,563). PCR without the RT step was used as control to exclude amplification of genomic DNA. Amplification was performed with 1 μl of cDNA, and the conditions were as follows: 98°C for 2 min, 94°C for 1 min, 55°C for 90 s, 72°C for 2 min, and a final extension step of 10 min at 72°C for 30 cycles.\nThe primers were 5′ GCC GCC GTC TCC TCG TCG TT 3′ (forward, position 146–166) and 5′ CCA TTC TGC TTG AAC TCA G 3′ (reverse, position 1133–1152) with 1,006 bp for hP2Y1 (accession no. U42029), 5′ CGA GGA CTT CAA GTA CGT GC 3′ (forward, position 329–349) and 5 ′GTT CTC GCT ACC AGC CGG CG 3′ (reverse, position 1338–1358) with 1,030 bp for hP2Y2 (accession no. U07225), 5′ GCT GCC TGT GAG CTA TGC AG 3′ (forward, position 110–140) and 5′ GAG CTG ACG GAG CTG ACG TCG′ (reverse, position 939–960) with 850 bp for hP2Y4 (accession no. X91852), and 5′ GTT CAG GCT GAG GAG ATG 3′ (forward, position 201–219) and 5′ GGA AGC TGA TGC AGG TGA 3′ (reverse, position 623–643) with 442 bp for hP2Y6 (accession no. U52464).\nDetermination of cell proliferation. Cell proliferation was measured by luminometric immunoassay based on BrdU incorporation during DNA synthesis using a cell proliferation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay BrdU kit (Roche, Mannheim, Germany) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Briefly, A549 or BEAS-2B cells were seeded at a density of 3 × 103 cells/well on 96-well plates and incubated for 24 h. Cells were then incubated with the different nucleotides or nucleotide analogs at 100 μM (standard conditions) for 1 h in a final volume of 100 μl/well. For each concentration as well as the controls, three wells were used. Subsequently, 10 μl of BrdU-labeling solution were added to each well, and the cells were incubated again for 12 h. The different antagonists were added to the cells 1 h before addition of the nucleotides. After removal of the BrdU-labeling solution, cells were washed with 100 μl of phosphate-buffered saline, dried for 1 h at 60°C, and then incubated with the kit's FixDenat solution for 45 min at room temperature. Denaturation of the DNA is necessary to improve the accessibility of the incorporated BrdU for detection by antibody. Samples were incubated for 90 min with peroxidase-conjugated anti-BrdU antibody, which binds to BrdU incorporated into newly synthesized cellular DNA. After the unbound peroxidase-conjugated anti-BrdU-antibody was washed off the samples, 100 μl of the luminescence substrate was added, the generation of the signal was allowed to develop for 3–5 min under gentle shaking, and the luminescence was quantified using a microplate luminometer (Spectrafluorplus, Tecan).\nData analysis. Proliferation data refer to the chemiluminescence values of BrdU-labeled cellular DNA content per well. Stimulation is expressed as x-fold proliferation over basal value, where basal growth of the untreated control was set at 1.0, or as percentage of nucleotide-stimulated proliferation. In the latter case, the difference between the values of the untreated control and the values of the nucleotide-stimulated samples was taken as 100%. Unless indicated otherwise, values are means ± SD from at least three independent experiments.\nRegulation of epithelial lung tumor cell proliferation by extracellular nucleotides. To investigate the effects of extracellular nucleotides on proliferation of human lung tumor cells, proliferating A549 cells were pulse stimulated with ATP or UTP. Then cell proliferation was measured by monitoring BrdU incorporation into newly synthesized DNA for 12 h after addition of nucleotides. ATP and UTP induced a concentration-dependent increase in proliferation of A549 cells. The maximal stimulation, which was seen at 100 μM nucleotide, was 3.2-fold for ATP and 1.8-fold for UTP (Fig. 1A). Despite the difference in maximal stimulation, the potency of both nucleotides to stimulate proliferation was very similar, with EC50 of 26.0 ± 2.8 μM(n = 3) for ATP and 31.3 ± 4.1 μM (n = 3) for UTP.\nThe effect of the nucleotides on BrdU incorporation into A549 cells was time dependent. The maximal stimulatory effect by ATP and UTP was reached at 1 h after addition of the nucleotides and lasted for 3–6 h (Fig. 1B). Incorporation of BrdU into newly synthesized DNA rapidly declined to baseline values at >6 h after nucleotide addition. This indicates that extracellular nucleotides stimulate DNA synthesis by direct interaction with cell cycle progression.\nBesides ATP and UTP, the diphosphate nucleotides ADP and UDP also stimulated BrdU incorporation into proliferating A549 cells with an efficacy nearly identical to that of the respective triphosphate nucleotides (Fig. 2A). At 100 μM, ADP and UDP enhanced proliferation of A549 cells 3.1- and 2.2-fold, respectively.\nTo determine whether the stimulatory effect of extracellular nucleotides on proliferation of A549 lung tumor cells was associated with neoplastic transformation of the cells, we also investigated the effect of nucleotides on proliferation of the nontumorigenic human epithelial lung cell line BEAS-2B. BEAS-2B and A549 cells serve as in vitro models for bronchiolar and alveolar cells, respectively.\nEnhancement of proliferation by extracellular nucleotides was even stronger in the BEAS-2B cells than in the A549 cells. Here, 100 μM ATP and 100 μM ADP stimulated BrdU incorporation into newly synthesized DNA 7.1- and 6.5-fold, respectively (Fig. 2B). The pyrimidine nucleotides UTP and UDP exhibited identical efficacy and induced a 3.2- and 3.4-fold stimulation, respectively (Fig. 2B). Thus purine and pyrimidine nucleotides may regulate human lung epithelial cell proliferation in vivo. Moreover, control of proliferation by nucleotides is not due to transformation of lung epithelial cells, because proliferation of tumorigenic and nontumorigenic airway cells is equally affected.\nTo evaluate whether the trophic actions of the extracellular nucleotides on the human lung cells were mediated by the P2Y or the P2X receptors, proliferative regulation of A549 and BEAS-2B cells was investigated by using different nucleotides, nucleotide analogs, and P2 receptor antagonists. Characterization of A549 cell proliferation revealed that only ATP, ADP, UTP, and UDP, which stimulate different P2Y receptor subtypes, were active, but the P2Y1 receptor-selective analogs 2-methylthioadenosine 5′-diphosphate (2-MeS-ADP) and ATPαS and the P2X receptor-activating nucleotides α,β-methylene adenosine 5′-triphosphate (α,β-MeATP) and 2′,3′-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine 5′-triphosphate (BzATP) were inactive (Fig. 2). AMP and UMP at up to 100 μM also had no effect on proliferation (data not shown).\nThe efficacy of the different nucleotide ligands was as follows: ATP = ADP > UDP ≥ UTP > 2-MeS-ADP, whereas α,β-MeATP, BzATP, AMP, UMP, and ATPαS were inactive. This clearly shows that stimulation of A549 cell proliferation is mediated by P2Y, but not by P2X, receptors, inasmuch as α,β-MeATP and BzATP, which, in addition to ATP, can activate P2X receptors (P2X1, P2X2, P2X3, P2X7) (21), have no influence on proliferation (Fig. 2). In addition, the lack of activity of 2-MeS-ADP and ATPαS indicates that in A549 cells no functional P2Y1 receptors are involved. However, the pharmacological profile suggests involvement of more than one P2Y receptor in stimulation of A549 cell proliferation, because the profile is not consistent with the properties of a single P2Y receptor subtype (46).\nWe further attempted to identify the P2Y receptor subtypes involved by applying the P2 receptor-selective antagonists PPADS, suramin, RB-2, and ARL-67156. Preincubation of A549 cells with 100 μM suramin or RB-2 inhibited ATP-stimulated proliferation to 37 ± 8.4% (n = 4) and 45 ± 4.5% (n = 3), respectively (Table 1). There was no significant inhibition of ATP-stimulated proliferation by PPADS, which predominantly inhibits the human P2Y1 and P2Y4 receptors or the P2Y1 receptor-selective antagonists ARL-67156 and A3P5P (Table 1). Thus this approach also did not identify a single P2Y receptor subtype (see discussion).\nAdenosine did not mimic ATP-stimulated proliferation. At 100 μM, where ATP is maximally effective, adenosine enhanced proliferation only marginally by 35 ± 4.3% and 57 ± 12.1% in A549 and BEAS-2B cells, respectively (Fig. 2), excluding the possibility that the stimulatory effect of ATP was caused by the metabolic breakdown product adenosine. Furthermore, to rule out the possibility that adenosine-mediated signaling partly contributed to the ATP-stimulated proliferative response, the effect of different adenosine receptor antagonists (i.e., P1 antagonists) on ATP-stimulated proliferation of A549 cells was investigated (Table 1). Neither the nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist CGS-15943 nor the A1 and A2B receptor-selective antagonists 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine and alloxazine, respectively, inhibited ATP-stimulated proliferation. We did not test specific inhibitors of A3 receptors, inasmuch as this receptor subtype is not expressed in A549 cells (42). Thus, clearly, P1 receptors are not contributing to the signaling of extracellular nucleotides in the proliferative response of A549 cells. Therefore, characterization of A549 cell proliferation using agonists and antagonists of P2 and P1 receptors reveals that only P2Y receptors, but not P2X or P1 receptors, mediate stimulation of lung epithelial cell proliferation.\nFurthermore, we examined expression of different P2Y receptor subtypes (P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y6 receptors) by RT-PCR. In A549 cells, only mRNA specific for the P2Y2 receptor, which is activated with identical potency by ATP and UTP, and the UDP-selective P2Y6 receptor was detected by RT-PCR, whereas no transcripts for the P2Y1 or P2Y4 receptor could be found (Fig. 3). In the same experiment, we employed HEK-293 cells to control the RT-PCR conditions. HEK-293 cells endogenously express P2Y1, P2Y2, and P2Y4 receptors. These results indicate that primarily the P2Y2 and P2Y6 receptors mediate nucleotide-stimulated proliferation of A549 cells.\nSignal transduction pathways of nucleotide-stimulated proliferation of A549 cells. We next investigated the signaling pathways involved in P2Y receptor-stimulated proliferation. A549 or BEAS-2B cells were pretreated with different inhibitors of signaling cascades that mediate proliferation of other cell types. Basal DNA synthesis of proliferating cells was not blocked by these inhibitors at the concentrations used. ATP-stimulated proliferation of A549 cells was almost completely attenuated by preincubation for 1 h with U-73122 (10 μM), an inhibitor of phospholipase C, whereas the inactive control derivative U-73343 was not effective (Fig. 4A). Also, inhibition of CaMKII activity with KN-62 (10 μM) and of the influx of extracellular Ca2+ through receptor-operated Ca2+ channels with SKF-96365 (50 μM) strongly decreased ATP-stimulated BrdU incorporation to 34.6 ± 8.7% (n = 6) and 33.3 ± 5.2% (n = 5), respectively (Fig. 4A). However, the following drugs did not influence the ability of ATP or UTP to stimulate proliferation of A549 cells (Table 2): chelerythrine (20 μM) and GF-109203X (1 μM), which inhibit different protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK1/2) inhibitor PD-98059 (20 μM), the p38 kinase inhibitor SB-203580 (20 μM), the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway inhibitors wortmannin (0.1 μM) and LY-294002 (25 μM), and Nω-nitro-l-arginine (10 μM), which blocks generation of nitric oxide.\nTo identify components of the signal transduction pathway resulting in DNA synthesis, we evaluated pathways that can be activated by CaMKII or tyrosine kinases. Pretreatment of A549 cells with an inhibitory peptide specific for the p50 form of NF-κB (NF-κB SN-50; 20 μM) or with AG-1478 (500 nM), specifically inhibiting EGFR tyrosine kinase activity, significantly reduced ATP stimulation of DNA synthesis to 42.8 ± 5.9% and 43.0 ± 4.6%, respectively (Fig. 4B, Table 2). Inhibition of Src kinase, which can also be activated by G protein-coupled receptors, with PP-2 (500 nM), inhibition of general tyrosine kinase activity (genistein at 100 μM), inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate, 10 μM), or inhibition of cyclooxygenases with indomethacin (20 μM) or NS-398 (10 μM) did not abolish the effect of ATP and UTP on proliferation of A549 cells (Fig. 4B, Table 2).\nInterestingly, similar results were derived for BEAS-2B cells. In the analysis of signal transduction, we obtained identical inhibition by the various drugs for the bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells, except for genistein, which only in BEAS-2B cells decreased ATP- and UTP-stimulated proliferation to 60 and 68%, respectively (Table 2). This indicates that, in the immortalized bronchial BEAS-2B cells, additional tyrosine kinases are involved in the proliferative regulation.\nModulation of nucleotide-regulated proliferation of lung tumor cells by cytokines. Airway epithelial cells are a major source of proinflammatory cytokines and, thus, play an important role in the pathophysiology of lung diseases. Therefore, we investigated the effect of cytokines on nucleotide-regulated proliferation. Moreover, cytokines had also been found to upregulate P2Y2 receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells (15). Preincubation of A549 cells for 24 h with IL-1β (10 ng/ml) or IL-6 (50 ng/ml), at concentrations that are detected under inflammatory conditions, attenuated UTP-stimulated proliferation to 59.7 ± 10.3% and 34.7 ± 12.1%, respectively, compared with the untreated stimulation (Fig. 5, Table 3). However, proliferation of A549 cells induced by the purine nucleotide ATP was clearly not affected by pretreatment with the cytokines. TNF-α had no effect at concentrations up to 50 ng/ml. Moreover, pretreatment of BEAS-2B cells with the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α did not influence ATP- or UTP-stimulated proliferation (Table 3).\nInteraction of anticancer drugs with nucleotide-stimulated proliferation of lung tumor cells. Inasmuch as control of proliferation is a key target in cancer therapy, we also examined the effect of anticancer drugs on the nucleotide-regulated proliferation. BrdU incorporation into proliferating A549 cells was inhibited dose dependently by the anticancer drugs cisplatin, etoposide, and paclitaxel, with IC50 of 2.7 ± 1.1 μM (n = 5), 19.8 ± 2.2 μM (n = 5), and 17.6 ± 3.8 nM (n = 4), respectively (Fig. 6). The simultaneous addition of 100 μM ATP enhanced the antiproliferative potency of cisplatin 3.6-fold, shown by reduction of IC50 to 0.75 μM (Fig. 6). The effect of ATP was most obvious at low concentrations of the anticancer drugs. At 1 μM, cisplatin was twice as effective in reducing proliferation in the presence of ATP than in its absence.\nThe antiproliferative activity of etoposide and paclitaxel was antagonized by the simultaneous presence of 100 μM ATP, resulting in 1.6-fold (IC50 = 31 ± 2.9 μM, n = 5) and 2.6-fold (IC50 = 46.2 ± 4.8 nM, n = 4) lower inhibitory potency, respectively (Fig. 6). ATP still stimulated proliferation 80% above control in the presence of 1 μM etoposide. Addition of 100 μM UTP did not change the potency of the three anticancer drugs (data not shown). These results support the notion that ATP regulates proliferation of human lung tumor cells by direct control of the cell cycle.\nThis is the first study showing that extracellular nucleotides stimulate proliferation of human lung epithelial cells by activation of the P2Y2 and P2Y6 receptors, which are detected by RT-PCR to be expressed in A549 cells. The identical EC50 values for ATP- and UTP-stimulated proliferation of A549 cells indicate that both nucleotides stimulate A549 cell proliferation through activation of P2Y2 receptors, because this receptor is equally sensitive to ATP and UTP. This conclusion is also supported by the activity profile of the P2 receptor antagonists. The significant, but not complete, inhibition of ATP- and UTP-stimulated proliferation by 100 μM suramin or 100 μM RB-2 and the lack of activity of 100 μM PPADS are characteristic of the human P2Y2 receptor (46).\nFurthermore, our results showing that UTP and UDP stimulate BrdU incorporation in A549 cells with equal efficacy indicate that, in addition to the P2Y2 receptor, the P2Y6 receptor can also mediate stimulation of proliferation. At the human P2Y6 receptor, UDP is ∼100-fold more potent than UTP (46). Thus, as in vascular smooth muscle cells, where for the first time UDP-stimulated growth via the P2Y6 receptor had been reported (14), the P2Y6 receptor is likely to be involved in the control of proliferation in lung epithelial cells.\nHowever, the efficacy profile (ATP = ADP > UDP ≥ UTP) found for A549 cells indicates involvement of some additional receptor, other than the P2Y2 or P2Y6 receptor subtypes (46). ADP activated proliferation of A549 cells with a potency similar to that of ATP. The identity of the receptor, which mediates the action of ADP, is not known. ADP has been found to be considerably less active at the P2Y2 and P2Y6 receptors than the preferred agonists ATP/UTP and UDP, respectively (46). ADP preferentially activates the P2Y1 receptor, which, however, is not expressed in A549 cells. The absence of P2Y1 receptor expression in A549 cells is also pharmacologically underlined by the inactivity of 2-MeS-ADP. 2-MeS-ADP activates the P2Y1 receptor to an even greater degree than ADP.\nAn alternative possibility explaining the effectiveness of ADP implies that ADP may be converted to ATP by an ectonucleoside diphosphokinase or by an extracellular adenylate kinase, similar to cardiac endothelial cells (4) and nasal airway cells (7), thereby activating the P2Y2 receptor. Both kinases are secreted from human nasal epithelia and are suggested to play an important role in the interconversion and metabolism of extracellular nucleotides on airway surfaces (7). The mechanism in the proliferative response of ADP in A549 cells remains to be examined.\nThe two lung cell lines used in our study, bronchiolar BEAS-2B cells and alveolar A549 epithelial airway cells, originate from two distinct lung regions. These regions respond distinctly to different stimuli, such as steroids, inflammatory cytokines, or chemotherapy. Nevertheless, ATP/UTP and UDP stimulated proliferation of both cell lines, suggesting a common mechanism of action in the physiological responses of human lung cells to extracellular nucleotides. The maximal concentrations of extracellular nucleotides achieved on stimulation of epithelial cells were calculated to be 5–10 μM (see Ref. 40 and references therein). These concentrations, determined for the release of ATP from resting cells, appear to be sufficient to stimulate proliferating epithelial cells, as detected in our experiments. It is conceivable that even higher ATP concentrations, i.e., 50–100 μM, can be reached under conditions where the epithelial cell layer is disrupted (ventilation injury) or under inflammatory conditions, where proliferation of these cells is necessary to regain an intact barrier. BEAS-2B and A549 cells serve as in vitro models for bronchiolar and alveolar cells, respectively. Therefore, a further in-depth analysis, similarly studying the regulation of BEAS-2B cell proliferation by extracellular nucleotides, will be important for understanding bronchiolar physiology.\nThe P2Y2 receptor has been described to have an important role in control of proliferation of different cell types. Interestingly, activation of the P2Y2 receptor has been reported to exert contrasting effects. It can lead to proliferation, as in MCF-7 breast cancer cells (47) and C6 glioma cells (44), or to apoptosis, as in colon carcinoma cells (13), endometrial cells (20), and esophageal cancer cells (31). In these cells, the P2Y2 receptor signals through the MAPK pathway.\nOur results indicate that, in A549 and BEAS-2B human lung cells, the Gq protein-initiated signaling by nucleotides eliciting proliferation is via NF-κB activation and does not involve the classical Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway, as in astrocytes or C6 glioma cells (36, 44), because the specific MEK1/2 inhibitor PD-98059 did not block nucleotide-mediated proliferation. In addition, inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway with wortmannin or LY-294002 also did not affect nucleotide-stimulated lung cell proliferation. This pathway had been shown to play an important role in P2Y2 receptor-mediated activation of MAPK in human monocytes (39) and renal mesangial cells (16).\nFurthermore, in A549 cells, P2Y2 receptor-mediated proliferation is not dependent on PKC activation and general tyrosine kinase activity, because the PKC inhibitors chelerythrine and GF-109203X and the tyrosine phosphorylation inhibitor genistein were ineffective. In A549 cells, a Ca2+-dependent activation of NF-κB or CaMKII-triggered phosphorylation of the EGFR may be one of the main signaling pathways. Alternatively, CaMKII may directly translocate to the nucleus, thereby acting as a trigger for centrosome duplication or coordinating centrosome formation and DNA replication (34). CaMKII and NF-κB activation in A549 cells, however, do not involve PKC activation or an intermediate tyrosine kinase, which has been found for the P2Y2 receptor-stimulated proliferation of C6 glioma cells (44).\nSignaling of the P2Y receptor through activation of NF-κB or CaMKII during regulation of proliferation has not been reported. CaMKII has only been found to be involved in the P2Y receptor-mediated enhancement of lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of IκB kinase in macrophages (5). Involvement of NF-κB in P2Y receptor signaling was detected in UTP-induced activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells, initiating IL-6 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (1), and in UTP-initiated prostaglandin E2 release from macrophages (5). NF-κB activation was found for P2X7 receptor-mediated apoptosis of endothelial cells (45) and microglia cells (9). Thus the extracellular nucleotides ATP and UTP stimulate proliferation via a novel pathway in A549 and BEAS-2B cells. EGFR transactivation, suggested by the inhibitory effect of AG-1478, may also contribute to ATP-stimulated proliferation by activation of NF-κB. It is important to note that our results were obtained with proliferating cells. Whether this mechanism is also active in resting cells remains to be examined.\nTo further understand the mechanism of control of proliferation of lung epithelial cells by nucleotide receptors, we investigated the effects of the cytostatic drugs cisplatin, etoposide, and paclitaxel. These substances inhibit cell cycle progression and form the basis of current chemotherapeutic regimens in lung cancer treatment. The concentrations of the three anticancer drugs used in our study match those used for investigation of cell cycle inhibition of A549 cells (6). Paclitaxel and etoposide cause cell cycle arrest in A549 cells at the G2/M phase through interference with disassembly of microtubules (paclitaxel) or inhibition of spindle formation and topoisomerase II (etoposide) (6, 30). A consistent block in 40% of the cells at the G2/M phase after 24 h of application was found with 10–30 nM paclitaxel, and an induction of apoptotis was found in 20% of the cells with the higher concentration (30). Etoposide at 5–30 μM exerted a block at the G2 phase in A549 cells without significant apoptosis (6). In contrast, cisplatin does not induce G2 arrest in A549 cells but cross-links with DNA, forming intra- and inter- strand adducts (6). Cell death is believed to be mediated by recognition of the cisplatin-DNA adducts by cellular proteins (19).\nWe found a specific interaction of ATP, but not UTP, with control of proliferation by the anticancer drugs in A549 cells. ATP selectively potentiated the effect of cisplatin and most effectively antagonized the cell cycle-blocking activity at low paclitaxel and etoposide concentrations, where no significant apoptotic or cytotoxic activity of the anticancer drugs at A549 cells was found (6, 30). The antagonistic effects of ATP on the action of paclitaxel/etoposide are consistent with the assumption that ATP stimulates growth by directly promoting cell cycle progression from the G1/S phase to beyond the G2/M phase. Furthermore, stimulation of cells to progress into the S phase leads to more DNA in the uncoiled state, which then forms adducts with cisplatin. This might explain enhancement of the antiproliferative activity of cisplatin by ATP. The present results using these drugs are supportive but do not provide definitive evidence for direct control of cell cycle progression by extracellular nucleotides in A549 cells. The molecular mechanisms or the proteins mediating the action of ATP are not known. Possible candidates, which are known to be regulated in A549 cells by low concentrations of paclitaxel or etoposide, include proteins regulated by the tumor suppressor protein p53 and c-jun (p21WAF1 and cyclin B1) and the metastasis suppressor gene KAI1 (6, 32).\nCytokines influence UTP-stimulated, but not ATP-stimulated, proliferation of A549 cells. Thus pyrimidine nucleotides preferentially interact with the signal transduction of inflammatory cytokines. Different interactions of extracellular nucleotides with cytokines have been described for macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells, where cytokines regulate inflammatory or immune responses. In other cells, such as fetal human astrocytes, P2 receptors modulate IL-1β- and TNF-α-stimulated activation of NF-κB and activator protein-1 (29), supporting a regulatory role for the P2 receptors in inflammatory reactions in the human central nervous system. Moreover, in human bronchial epithelia, activation of Cl- channels by UTP is enhanced by IL-4 (10), and in vascular smooth muscle cells, IL-1β induces upregulation of the P2Y2 receptor (15).\nIn conclusion, our results, for the first time, show that extracellular nucleotides exert mitogenic effects on human lung epithelial cells through ATP/UTP-mediated activation of the P2Y2 receptor and the UDP-activated P2Y6 receptor. Stimulation of the P2Y2 receptor leads to activation of CaMKII and NF-κB. This novel pathway is modulated by extracellular Ca2+ and, possibly, involves EGFR transactivation. Understanding the mechanisms of interactions of extracellular nucleotides with anticancer drugs, growth factors, and cytokines will be an important task, because non-small cell lung cancer cells, such as A549 cells, rapidly develop resistance to conventional chemotherapy.\nThis work was supported by Deutsche Krebshilfe Project 10-1754, Land Sachsen-Anhalt, and Fonds der Chemischen Industrie.\nThe costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.\n- Copyright © 2003 the American Physiological Society", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "In this webinar, Dr. Smoller describes the current status of psychiatric genetic research with a focus on depressive and anxiety disorders. Dr. Smoller reviews implications of this work for clinical practice, including the prospects and limitations of genetic or pharmacogenetic testing. He describes the potential for extending a precision medicine approach to the realm of depression and anxiety disorders.\nAt the end of this session, participants will be able to:\n- Summarize progress in identifying the genetic basis of psychiatric disorders;\n- Understand the implications of psychiatric genetics for clinical practice\n- Discuss the current status of pharmacogenetic testing for psychiatric drug use.\nThis webinar is sponsored by the Genetics and Neuroscience Special Interest Group.\nCE Credit Information:\nLearners must complete an evaluation form to receive a certificate of completion. You must participate in the entire activity as partial credit is not available. If you are seeking continuing education credit for a specialty not listed below, it is your responsibility to contact your licensing/certification board to determine course eligibility for your licensing/certification requirement.\nThis course is co-sponsored by Amedco and Anxiety and Depression Association of American (ADAA). Amedco is approved by the American Psychological Association to sponsor continuing education for psychologists. Amedco maintains responsibility for this program and its content. 1.0 hours.\nNew York Board for Social Workers\nAmedco SW CPE is recognized by the New York State Education Department’s State Board for Social Work as an approved provider of continuing education for licensed social workers #0115. 1.0 hours.\nThe Anxiety and Depression Association of American (ADAA) has been approved by NBCC as an Approved Continuing Education Provider, ACEP No. 6872. Programs that do not qualify for NBCC credit are clearly identified. ADAA is solely responsible for all aspects of the programs.\nThe CAMFT board accepts credits from providers approved by the American Psychological Association (APA).\nAmedco, #1346, is approved as a provider for social work continuing education by the Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB) www.aswb.org, through the Approved Continuing Education (ACE) program. Amedco maintains responsibility for the program. ASWB Approval Period: 6/24/2016 to 6/24/2019. Social workers should contact their regulatory board to determine course approval for continuing education credits.\nSocial workers participating in this course may receive up to 1 clinical continuing education clock hours.\nDr. Jordan Smoller is the MGH Trustees Endowed Chair in Psychiatric Neuroscience, Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston. He is Associate Chief for Research in the MGH Department of Psychiatry and Director of the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit in the MGH Center for Genomic Medicine. Dr. Smoller is a Tepper Family MGH Research Scholar and also serves as Director of the Omics Unit of the MGH Division of Clinical Research and co-Director of the Partners HealthCare Biobank at MGH. He is a Principal Investigator of All of Us New England as part of the NIH All of Us Research Program. Dr. Smoller is an author of more than 300 scientific publications and is also the author of The Other Side of Normal (HarperCollins/William Morrow, 2012).", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Philippine Red Cross (PRC) said on Monday that the saliva reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for COVID-19 was as accurate as swab testing.\nIn a media briefing, the PRC saliva test lead researcher Michael Tee said that the testing method was at par with the swab test as it was 98.23% accurate.\n“Ibig sabihin kung may 100 tayong tinest, kung positive sa saliva, positive din ang swab. Kung negative ang saliva, negative din ang swab, 98% of the time,” Tee explained.\nHe added that over 1,000 samples were used during the pilot study to determine the accuracy of the saliva test.\nThe PRC on Monday publicly launched the saliva RT-PCR test after getting the approval of the Department of Health (DOH).\nPRC Chairman and Senator Richard Gordon said the saliva test can be availed through online booking via the PRC website.\nHe added that the turnaround time for the saliva test was three to 11 hours depending on the samples being tested.\nA saliva test currently costs P2,000, but Gordon said it may become cheaper if more people got tested.\n“‘Pag marami na nagte-test, papatunayan ko na kaya natin babaan ‘yan dahil bawas na tayo sa PPE,” he said.\nMeanwhile, testing czar Vince Dizon said under the approval of the DOH, the saliva test should be covered by the Philippine Health Insurance Corp. (PhilHealth).\nOver the weekend, Health Undersecretary Maria Rosario Vergeire said the DOH had approved the use of saliva as an alternative specimen in COVID-19 tests in PRC laboratories.\nVergeire, however, noted that the DOH will wait for the validation test results from the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine before allowing saliva tests in other laboratories in the country.\nEarlier, PRC molecular laboratory head Dr. Paulyn Ubial said saliva testing was also used in the United States, Japan, Hong Kong, and Singapore.\nThe PRC said this COVID-19 testing method was a faster, easier, and cheaper alternative to the swab testing.\nGordon earlier said the saliva test for the detection of COVID-19 will still use the same RT-PCR technology that is being used for the swab test. — DVM, GMA News", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Good pet dental care is essential to the well-being of your pets. Regular dental care, including daily brushing and professional cleaning promote a longer, healthier life by protecting your pet’s mouth from harmful bacteria that can affect the heart, kidneys and liver.\nAll dogs and cats need dental care throughout their lives. Our dental services include:\n- Tooth extractions\n- Minor oral surgery", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Gait analysis is not new. Clinicians have long wanted reliable and objective ways of documenting movement in health and disease. Insole X is designed to make gait analysis practical for clinical use. As a portable and unobtrusive footwear, Sennotech InsoleX has high-resolution sensors to measure foot movement data and transfer data to a coupled cloud service for further analysis. You can get a comprehensive understanding of gait data and adjust body behaviors in time.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Oral Microbial Species and Virulence Factors Associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma\nTorralba MG, Aleti G, Li W, Moncera KJ, Lin YH, Yu Y, Masternak MM, Golusinski W, Golusinski P, Lamperska K, Edlund A, Freire M, Nelson KE\nThe human microbiome has been the focus of numerous research efforts to elucidate the pathogenesis of human diseases including cancer. Oral cancer mortality is high when compared with other cancers, as diagnosis often occurs during late stages. Its prevalence has increased in the USA over the past decade and accounts for over 40,000 new cancer patients each year. Additionally, oral cancer pathogenesis is not fully understood and is likely multifactorial. To unravel the relationships that are associated with the oral microbiome and their virulence factors, we used 16S rDNA and metagenomic sequencing to characterize the microbial composition and functional content in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumor tissue, non-tumor tissue, and saliva from 18 OSCC patients. Results indicate a higher number of bacteria belonging to the Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes phyla associated with tumor tissue when compared with all other sample types. Additionally, saliva metaproteomics revealed a significant increase of Prevotella in five OSCC subjects, while Corynebacterium was mostly associated with ten healthy subjects. Lastly, we determined that there are adhesion and virulence factors associated with Streptococcus gordonii as well as from known oral pathogens belonging to the Fusobacterium genera found mostly in OSCC tissues. From these results, we propose that not only will the methods utilized in this study drastically improve OSCC diagnostics, but the organisms and specific virulence factors from the phyla detected in tumor tissue may be excellent biomarkers for characterizing disease progression.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Unlike just just what numerous may think, whenever a female has a good intimate appetite, it does not always mean this woman is a nymphomaniac. This term encompasses a comprehensive infection or condition, where a lady is affected with an intercourse addiction and it has a compulsion for intimate behavior that will be impractical to get a handle on. This signifies having a dependence that is great intimate tasks which, more often than not, makes someone not able to lead a standard life and social relationships may be significantly impacted. Because of this, it really is imperative that medical assistance is wanted so the appropriate mental therapy can be were only available in each instance. The question how to know if I am a nymphomaniac in this OneHowTo article, all the signs and symptoms will be explained which answer.\nEven though the factors behind nymphomania are not completely clear, professionals have actually remarked that hyper sexuality or intercourse addiction might be inspired by different factors and that many of these factors coinciding could possibly be responsible because of this condition.\nAmong the list of facets which could make clear something concerning the origins of compulsive behaviour that is sexual there are the annotated following:\n- Alterations in biochemical substances when you look at the mind: some research reports have suggested that lesions into the mind’s medial prefrontal cortex or high degrees of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine could boost the likelihood of this disorder occurring.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "An EU-funded task carried out an ‘advance care planning’ trial on people with late-stage most cancers in a bid to strengthen their welfare and improve their involvement in care-providing conclusion-building.\n© ipopba #341152297, resource:stock.adobe.com 2020\nSophisticated most cancers affects a patients bodily and mental ailment, whilst also obtaining a significant impression on the patients high-quality of lifetime, with depression and anxiousness staying typical challenges . Preparing a patients care tactic, with the patients participation, is envisioned to strengthen their well-staying. On the other hand, the result of these kinds of progress care scheduling (ACP) had not formerly been widely examined.\nThe EU-funded task Motion has aided bridge this information gap by discovering the impression of formalised ACP on the high-quality of lifetime of people with state-of-the-art most cancers as a result of an worldwide, multi-centre affected person-dependent clinical trial.\nOpen interaction can be a significant challenge for health care professionals, people and family. We adapted the US-dependent Respecting Decisions method into a European progress care scheduling programme to facilitate interaction between the distinctive teams involved with patients care choices. We then as opposed this method with care as the ordinary circumstance as a result of our trial, points out Agnes van der Heide, Professor of Care and conclusion-building at the end of lifetime, at the Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum, Rotterdam and Motion task coordinator.\nMotion carried out a clinical trial with 1 117 people in 23 hospitals across six EU nations with the aim of evaluating the high-quality of lifetime amid people who followed ACP and these who followed care as usual approaches.\nThe people, identified with state-of-the-art lung or stage-4 colorectal most cancers, ended up questioned to fill in questionnaires at two.five months and then four.five months into the trial. A relative loaded in a questionnaire if the affected person died for the duration of the trial. The sixty-query surveys ended up employed to judge no matter whether or not the care provided matched every single patients choices, how the affected person evaluated the conclusion-building approach, the high-quality of dying and the cost-performance of care.\nACTION identified that correct scheduling for care for the duration of state-of-the-art-stage most cancers is hard. On the other hand, analyses of the concluded types exhibit that staying independent, sustaining a ordinary lifetime, obtaining significant relations and staying free of charge from suffering are essential subjects for people with state-of-the-art most cancers in Europe, suggests Van der Heide.\nSophisticated care scheduling discussions could outcome in people filling out a medically, ethically and lawfully suitable kind, named My preferences. This kind can help describe the patients ambitions for health care treatment and care, their worries and fears, their beliefs and hopes. It also handles their choices on questions about the use, or not, of most likely lifetime-prolonging therapies, about resuscitation and about no matter whether concentrating on dealing with the ailment or maximising convenience was much more essential to the affected person. People can also use the kind to state where their most popular final put of care would be.\nFactors of ACP are staying built-in into the treatment of state-of-the-art most cancers in some European nations for case in point, people can express their care choices. On the other hand, ACP goes deeper into their needs and choices and gives them increased authority to refuse or ask for therapies and tactics.\nOur task has elevated consciousness of the need to entirely foresee the foreseeable future deterioration of the patients well being and the great importance to program for it in an inclusive way, Van der Heide adds.\nThe tools and techniques designed by Motion are now available for researchers, health care professionals, policymakers and many others to use.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Spiral ct lung cancer screening can help save lives current smokers (or former smokers who quit in the past 15 years) and those who smoke about 30 packs of cigarettes a year can participate in lung cancer screening but cancer screening can be scary if your loved ones qualify for lung cancer. Recommended screening for lung cancer is done with a test called a low-dose helical or spiral computed tomography (ct or cat) scan a ct scan creates a 3-dimensional picture of the inside of the body with an x-ray machine. Lung cancer is the main cause of death from malignancies due to the high prevalence and adverse prognosis when diagnosis is established in symptomatic patients with early diagnosis, survival is.\nA spiral ct scan costs $300 or more insurance usually pays for the test for lung cancer screening only if you have a very high risk for developing lung cancer and the test often leads to other costs. The type of low-dose ct scan that is recommended for lung cancer screening is a newer form of ct scan known as a low-dose spiral or helical ct scan the low-dose spiral ct scan continuously rotates in a spiral motion and takes several 3-dimensional x-rays of the lungs. The california technology assessment forum is requested to review the scientific evidence for the use of low dose spiral computerized tomography (ldct) as a modality for lung cancer screening. Low-radiation-dose unenhanced spiral computed tomography (“low-dose ct”) is believed to represent the technique closest to practical application for mass screening due to its high sensitivity for small non-calcified pulmonary nodules, the most common manifestation of early lung cancer.\nThis feature is not available right now please try again later. Screening with low-dose spiral ct scans has been shown to decrease the risk of dying from lung cancer in heavy smokers the national lung screening trial studied people aged 55 years to 74 years who had smoked at least 1 pack of cigarettes per day for 30 years or more. While spiral computed tomography is proposed as an alternative to chest x-ray and high resolution ct in the screening of lung cancer, published clinical trials do not provide evidence to support the efficacy of spiral ct over conventional.\nScreening smokers and former smokers for lung tumors using three-dimensional x-rays reduced their risk of dying from lung cancer by 20 percent, researchers said on thursday. The uspstf recommends annual screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (ldct) in adults aged 55 to 80 years who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. Lung cancer screening by chest radiography did not lead to a decrease in lung cancer mortality, presumably because the chest radiograph is a poor screening tool with low sensitivity with the advent of the low-dose spiral computed tomography (ct) scan it has become feasible to detect early invasive stage i lung cancer in 80–90% of cases. Introduction lung cancer has the highest mortality rate of cancers in japan early detection is necessary to improve its whether population-based mass screening with a spiral computed tomography scanner could contribute substantially to detection of smaller cancers, and decrease mortality. The mayo clinic group presented a proposal of a randomized comparison of spiral ct versus chest x-ray for lung cancer screening the study would be conducted on a high-risk group, ie, participants age 50 and older who are current smokers or people who stopped smoking within the past ten years.\nCt lung screening is a noninvasive, painless procedure that uses low-dose x-rays to screen the lungs for cancer in just 30 seconds a ct lung screening allows the radiologist to look at different levels, or slices, of the lungs using a rotating x-ray beam. A low-dose ct lung screening can help find abnormalities in the lungs that may need follow-up evaluation for risk of lung cancerthe ultra low-dose ct scan demonstrates the lung tissue in high diagnostic quality detail with a reduced amount of ionizing radiation. Lung cancer screening is done using an imaging machine to produce a low-dose spiral (or helical) ct (computed tomography) scan of the chest this scan uses a series of x-rays to show the shape, size and location of anything abnormal in the chest that might signal the need for follow up. Spiral computerized tomography (ldct) as a modality for lung cancer screening this is an update of the review conducted in 2000 for the blue shield of california medical policy committee on quality and technology.\nThe uk lung screening trial also used spiral ct to screen current and ex-smokers for lung cancer it found that spiral ct scans could diagnose lung cancer early but more research is needed to find out whether a programme like this can save lives. Abstract background: low-dose spiral computed tomography (sct) showed a four-fold increase in the detection rate in high-risk subjects and a higher percentage of stage i lung cancer in comparison with chest x-ray however, there is a considerable discrepancy among studies in the percentage of lung nodules, overall lung cancer and stage i detection rate. The national lung screening trial (nlst) by national cancer institute (nci) results show mortality benefit with low-dose ct, twenty percent fewer lung cancer deaths seen among those who were screened with low-dose spiral ct than with chest x-ray. Spiral computed tomography (ct) scanning, also known as helical ct or low- dose ct scanning, is a covered service for annual screening for lung cancer in high-risk patients when all of the following are met.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Clinical Excellence Research Center\nThe first university-based research center exclusively dedicated to discovering, testing, and evaluating cost-saving innovations in clinically excellent care. Our research seeks more affordable ways to deliver better care for conditions consuming the bulk of the country's healthcare spending.\nCERC's Response to COVID-19\nThe Covid-19 crisis is challenging CERC’s faculty, scholars, and fellows to rapidly develop innovations that lower the cost of clinically excellent infectious disease care. Additionally, our Partnership in AI-Assisted Care, with faculty and graduate students from the computer science department, is moving ahead with computer vision applications to ease the burden on clinicians striving to deliver exceptional COVID care to ICU patients.\nA Message From The Director\n\"Federal creditworthiness and therefore American prosperity now hinge on continuously attaining better health with less health spending. By rapidly mobilizing emerging science and technology from engineering, management, and medicine, the Clinical Excellence Research Center will enable Stanford to help solve a seemingly intractable national challenge.\"\n- Arnold Milstein, MD, MPH\nDr. Milstein founded CERC after two decades of improving healthcare value in the private sector and advising the White House and Congress. He is now training America's next generation of healthcare innovators to remove wasteful and dangerous inefficiencies that ail the U.S. health-care system.\nCERC NEWS & PUBLICATIONS\nNEJM , July 1 2020\nWhile it may be tempting to blame the plunge in hospitals’ profitability on the COVID-19 pandemic, the problem can be linked to hospital business strategies that began two decades ago, according to researchers at Stanford University.\nNEJM Catalyst , June 2020\nFormer CERC fellows Francesca Rinaldo, MD, PhD, Myra Altman, PhD, and Kendell Cannon, MD, highlight three care delivery innovations to better meet the needs of older adults and reduce health spending.\nHMPI , June 1, 2020\nStanford Hospital implemented a COVID-19 Critical Care Task Force (CCTF) to provide real-time institutional and regional guidance on patient care and surge planning during the COVID-19 pandemic.\nMedPage Today, May 15, 2020\nMultiple factors at play: testing capacity, case definitions, age distribution, preparedness\nMedPage Today May 12, 2020\nPublic health has taken a back seat to clinical diagnosis for too long\nNEJM Catalyst, May 11, 2020\nHealth care organizations can benefit from decades of cross-industry research", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Repolarization abnormalities in survivors of out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation.\nSurvivors of out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation (VF) are at high risk for recurrent VF, probably reflecting continued myocardial electrical instability. In this study 12-lead ECGs of 125 VF survivors with coronary heart disease were examined and compared to those of 98 ambulatory post-MI patients. The study was part of an effort to define clinical identifiers of patients likely to develop sudden cardiac death. Ventricular fibrillation survivors were commonly had premature ventricular complexes (PVCs):30% versus 13% (P less than 0.01). In addition, ECGs of VF survivors showed a significantly greater prevalence of ST-segment depression (46% versus 10%), T wave flattening (52% versus 26%), and QTc prolongation (35% versus 18%). It is proposed that these repolarization abnormalities represent asynchronous repolarization, which together with frequent PVCs, may set the stage for re-entrant ventricular dysrhythmias and ultimately VF. It is also possible that repolarization abnormalities together with premature ventricular contractions might serve as markers of patients with coronary heart disease who are at increased risk for sudden cardiac death.\n- Copyright © 1978 by American Heart Association", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "For coverage approval, typically health insurers require documentation to (which may vary by insurer) include:\n- Adult age\n- A diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Moderate to Severe severity\n- Validation and measurement of the diagnosis and depression severity using a standardized rating scale (commonly the PHQ-9, which mirrors the DSM criteria for MDD)\n- Failure of 3 to 4 antidepressants during the current episode, with documentation of dosages, start & stop dates, and response to each\n- Failure of a course of validated psychotherapy during the current episode\n- Prior authorization from the insurer before starting\nInitiating TMS Treatment\nThe process for initiating rTMS treatment typically includes:\n- Gathering preliminary information on prior treatment trials and health status for safety and insurance approval\n- Having in place releases of information to communicate with all medical and mental health providers for continuity of care.\n- Performing an assessment to verify appropriateness and safety of treatment\nFormulating a plan to manage any medical comorbidities, such as the existence of any implantable electrical devices or metal in the body\n- The only firm contraindication to treatment with TMS is the presence of any ferromagnetically sensitive object in the head area.\n- Obtaining informed consent for treatment, including a discussion of expectations and the known potential risks, side effects and benefits, including that effectiveness is not guaranteed\n- The most medically concerning known side effect is the possibility of inducing seizures\nTreatment typically requires:\n- Commitment and dedication to your own recovery. Response, like many antidepressant treatments, is typically seen weeks into the stimulation.\n- Daily transportation.\n- Payment of associated fees and copays (our office will assist in clarifying this for you)\n- Treatment is required almost every weekday for 9 weeks. This customarily includes 6 weeks of acute treatment 5 days per week, followed by a 3-week taper of thrice weekly for 1 week, twice weekly for one week, then once the last week.\n- The first day of treatment lasts longer, because time must be taken to determine the motor threshold (MT) and map the appropriate treatment location\n- Psychotropic medications are often maintained during and after treatment, especially of there has a been a partial response\n- Near daily interaction with a, experienced, knowledgeable and supportive treatment team, and frequent monitoring by the administering physician, aids in safety and recovery", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "From lip balm to gummies and even beer, CBD – or cannabidiol – has captured the wallets of millions. Once controversial, CBD is now touted as a cure-all, from helping to calm nerves to fighting depression and anxiety. And it’s made its way into our coffees, lunches and moisturisers – with an overall market estimated to hit nearly PS1 billion by 2025.\nCBD is a compound that’s found in the cannabis plant but doesn’t make you high – so it’s legal and widely available on the UK high street and online. It’s used by an estimated quarter of a million regular users to help ease symptoms of chronic pain, anxiety and sleep problems.\nDespite the huge popularity, some are concerned that CBD products may not be as effective as they claim to be. The industry has attracted “CBD cowboys” – opportunists who are selling unregulated and often ineffective products, according to experts. And lab tests from the Centre for Medicinal Cannabis in June revealed that 62 per cent of products on the high street didn’t have the amount of CBD advertised on their label, and some actually contained traces of THC, which is a controlled substance.\nThe most popular form of CBD is in oil, to be dropped under the tongue or added to food and drink. But you can also get it in capsules, muscle gels, sprays and e-liquids for vaping, with a range of flavours. Typically it’s sold at high street health stores such as Holland and Barrett, and online. A 500mg bottle of oral drops can cost up to PS45, and a jar of edible oils or creams could be more than twice as much.\nIn addition to CBD products, it’s also possible to buy cannabis-based medicine on prescription as medicinal cannabis if you have a severe medical condition such as rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis. But specific cannabis-based medicines only have a small chance of helping, and can have side effects including dizziness, dry mouth, nausea and tiredness.\nAs a result, many people choose to use non-medical cannabis and CBD products for the symptomatic relief of their symptoms – with some evidence that they can help reduce anxiety, insomnia and pain. Others may find it helps them to relax or sleep better, and can help with other conditions such as inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, or the effects of epilepsy.\nThe results of this survey are based on the responses from 1,415 UK residents aged 18 and over who have bought and/or consumed CBD (Cannabidiol) wellness products in the past two years. Of these, the vast majority of respondents were in the age bracket 35-54 years and most were female.\nPlease note, the majority of current over the counter CBD wellness products require Novel Foods validation to be sold in the UK. However, this is changing from April 2021. We have therefore asked respondents whether they believe that over the counter CBD products will continue to be more or less expensive than the authorised medical cannabis via prescription charge from NHS England, following the introduction of this change. UK CBD", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "How Anti-Inflammatory Diets, Iron, B12 & Vitamin D Foods Can Impact Enterprisesby DAVIS BROWN PRC Agency\nIt costs the U.S. economy hundreds of billions of dollars per year in poor health and almost 2/3 of the cost is lost productivity due to workplace absenteeism and low performance. That is, employees report to work, however, poor health restricts them from functioning at peak performance.\nThere is no doubt that the 2020 pandemic with millions of sick people around the world will have a significant impact on employee's health and productivity, thus depleting human resources.\nAs economies around the world struggle to reopen with less than full capacity, it is more important than ever for companies to take a proactive role and invest in the health and wellness of their employees.\nWhile Mainstream Media and Government around the world are stressing mandatory use of \"masks\" and \"social distancing\" as businesses slowly reopen, they neglect the root cause of poor health and they fail to address the importance of having a STRONG IMMUNE SYSTEM.\nIt is now time for businesses to take an active role to ensure their most valuable asset, \"human resources,\" is functioning at peak performance, making the health and wellness of employees a top priority.\nA healthy immune system will not prevent anyone getting respiratory sickness, however, it may make the difference between being sick for a few days or several weeks. There are numerous studies which shows that investing in a healthy workforce can have profound impact on the bottom line and also the best employees are recognizing the importance of their employers to take a vested interest in the well being of their staff.\nThere are many tech companies and new startup companies that go above and beyond to help employees live a more healthy lifestyle and this year, more than ever, to attract the best employees, companies will have to take a more active role in their staff's health and wellness.\nThe demand for companies to be more involved in the health and wellness of their employees, this will result in training companies offering a wide range of courses on how to boost the immune system and how to care for the human frame.\n“The doctor of the future will give no medicine but will interest his patients in the care of the human frame, in diet and in the cause and prevention of disease.” - Thomas Edison\nManos Filippou, author, research guru, and one of the top instructors at UDEMY with over 25,000 students, dug deep and what would be an entire year of study, he has consolidated the important elements on how to boost the immune system, in ONE single course.\nThe course \"Be Proactive: How to Boost Your Immune System, Live and Prosper\" is the most well-researched training program with hundreds of science-based evidence, and a clear mission to help companies educate their employees to build resilience and boost their immunity, giving them a competitive advantage. In addition, the course aims to educate individuals who are afraid to visit a doctor due to potential high medical costs, as well, those who lack access to primary care.\nSupported by hundreds of credible and authoritative resources from health organizations and the government sectors, this course has everything employees and their families need to know to boost their immune system. It includes immune system booster foods including vitamin D foods, foods high in iron, vitamin B12 foods, and foods high in magnesium. Also gut health, anti-inflammatory diets, antioxidants, lifestyle choices, things to avoid, and important immune system strategies NEVER considered before! All under ONE very well thought out course.\nBeing proactive and taking care of their employees is a smart strategy for any size of company. It can impact a company's bottom line by giving them a competitive advantage, and often it can make the difference between life or death.\nAs economies around the world struggle to reopen, and hundreds of billions of dollars are lost in the corporate world due to sick costs, it is imperative in 2020 for companies to be proactive and invest in the health and wellness of their employees. \"Be Proactive: How to Boost Your Immune System, Live and Prosper\" is a the most well-researched training program with science-based evidence to help companies educate their employees to build resilience and boost immunity.\nHERE ARE A FEW TOPICS COVERED IN THE COURSE:\n#1. CORPORATIONS CAN AVOID HIGH HEALTH COSTS BY TAKING A PROACTIVE APPROACH TOWARD THE HEALTH OF THEIR EMPLOYEES.\nSmart, forward thinking companies who care for the well being of their employees and the future of their organization need to take a proactive approach to make sure their employees have access to all the tools they need to support their health. A strong immune system can potentially prevent future health pro\nCreated on Aug 6th 2020 10:43. Viewed 413 times.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Genetic variants in MYBPC3 are one of the most common causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). While variants in MYBPC3 affecting canonical splice site dinucleotides are a well-characterised cause of HCM, only recently has work begun to investigate the pathogenicity of more deeply intronic variants. Here, we present three patients with HCM and intronic splice-affecting MYBPC3 variants and analyse the impact of variants on splicing using in vitro minigene assays. We show that the three variants, a novel c.927-8G>A variant and the previously reported c.1624+4A>T and c.3815-10T>G variants, result in MYBPC3 splicing errors. Analysis of blood-derived patient RNA for the c.3815-10T>G variant revealed only wild type spliced product, indicating that mis-spliced transcripts from the mutant allele are degraded. These data indicate that the c.927-8G>A variant of uncertain significance and likely benign c.3815-10T>G should be reclassified as likely pathogenic. Furthermore, we find shortcomings in commonly applied bioinformatics strategies to prioritize variants impacting MYBPC3 splicing and re-emphasize the need for functional assessment of variants of uncertain significance in diagnostic testing.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "News Flash Home\nThe original item was published from 2/24/2014 10:47:26 AM to 3/1/2015 12:15:00 AM.\nPosted on: February 24, 2014\n[ARCHIVED] PROPER HANDWASHING: THE BEST WAY TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF NOROVIRUS\nMEMPHIS – Outbreaks of the common and highly contagious gastrointestinal virus known as norovirus have been recently confirmed by the Shelby County Health Department (SCHD), prompting health officials to encourage individuals to take the proper precaution", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The number of COVID-19 patients being treated in Connecticut hospitals has spiked to 500 as the number of unvaccinated filling beds continues to rise.\nIn his latest update from the state Department of Health, 80 more patients were admitted to Connecticut hospitals over the weekend as the number of new post-Thanksgiving infections being reported is surging.\nOf the 500 patients who are hospitalized, 386 (77.2 percent) are not fully vaccianted, according to Connecticut Gov. Ned Lamont.\nAccording to state health officials, in the past week, unvaccinated people in Connecticut had a 4.5-times greater risk of testing positive for COVID-19 compared to fully vaccinated persons.\nUnvaccinated people also had a 31.1-times greater risk of dying from COVID-19, as the death toll rose to 8,909 since the pandemic began in March 2020.\nIn the latest update from the Department of Health, 94,544 COVID-19 tests were administered in Connecticut over the weekend, resulting in 5,481 laboratory-confirmed cases of the virus for a 5.80 percent positive infection rate.\nThere have been more than 700 new daily infections reported in Connecticut for more than three weeks as the state deals with new variants of the virus.\nA breakdown of which populations have received the most vaccines, by age group according to the latest update:\n- 65+: >95 percent\n- 55-64: 94 percent;\n- 45-54: 85 percent;\n- 35-44: 86 percent;\n- 25-34: 79 percent;\n- 18-24: 73 percent;\n- 16-17: 81 percent;\n- 12-15: 73 percent;\n- 5-11: 24 percent.\nThe latest breakdown of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Connecticut since March 2020, by county:\n- Fairfield: 116,976 (12,400 per 100,000 residents);\n- New Haven: 110,848 (12,968);\n- Hartford: 104,086 (11,672);\n- New London: 30,126 (11,359);\n- Litchfield: 18,747 (10,396);\n- Middlesex: 15,932 (9,808);\n- Windham: 14,931 (12,785);\n- Tolland: 12,174 (8,077).\nA complete list of cases, by communities, can be found here by clicking and scrolling down.\nClick here to sign up for Daily Voice's free daily emails and news alerts.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- Research article\n- Open Access\nChanges in frailty among community-dwelling Chinese older adults and its predictors: evidence from a two-year longitudinal study\nBMC Geriatrics volume 20, Article number: 130 (2020)\nIt is important to clarify the transitions and related factors of frailty for prevention of frailty. We evaluated the transitions of frailty among community-dwelling older adults and examined the predictors of the transitions.\nA cohort study was conducted among 3988 community residents aged ≥60 years during 2015 and 2017. A multiple deficits approach was used to construct the Frailty Index (FI) according to the methodology of FI construction, and sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyles were also collected in 2015. After 2-year follow-up, the transitions of frailty between baseline and were evaluated. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine associations between predictors and the transitions of frailty.\nThe proportion of robust, prefrail, and frail was 79.5, 16.4, and 4.1% among 3988 participants at baseline, which changed to 68.2, 23.0, and 8.8% after 2 years with 127 deaths and 23 dropped out. Twelve kinds of transitions from the three frailty statuses at baseline to four outcomes at follow-up (including death) significantly differed within each of gender and age group, as well between genders and age groups. Among these, 7.8% of prefrail or frail elders improved, 70.0% retained their frailty status, and 22.2% of robust or prefrail elders worsened in frailty status. In multivariable models, age was significantly associated with changes in frailty except for in the frail group; higher educational level and working predicted a lower risk of robust worsening. Of the lifestyle predictors, no shower facilities at home predicted a higher risk of robust worsening; more frequent physical exercise predicted a lower risk of robust worsening and a higher chance of frailty improvement; more frequent neighbor interaction predicted a lower risk of robust worsening and prefrail worsening; and more frequent social participation predicted a higher chance of prefrail improvement.\nThe status of frailty was reversible among community-dwelling elderly, and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were related to changes in frailty. These findings help health practitioners to recognize susceptible individuals in a community and provide health promotional planning to target aged populations.\nFrailty is an unstable status with the age-related loss of physiological reserves and disorders in homeostatic systems [1, 2]. The presence of frailty is not only symptomatic in older individuals, but it also renders them more prone to downstream changes in long-term health outcomes, such as disability, hospitalization, institutionalization, and mortality [1, 3,4,5,6]. In the absence of a gold standard, the two approaches most widely used are frailty phenotype (FP)  and frailty index (FI) . FP is defined on the basis of weight loss, exhaustion, physical activity, walk time, and grip strength, while FI is defined as an individual’s accumulated proportion of listed health-related deficits. Based on the used definitions, the prevalence of frailty ranges from 4.0 to 59.1% in community-dwelling older adults,  and both FP and FI can effectively predict adverse outcomes . An exponential correlation has been shown between FI and age, [7, 10] and the heterogeneity of physiological reserves trends to be greater in later life . The approach of FI represents a continuous status of health,  which is more likely to demonstrate the dynamic nature of frailty in the general aged population. Frailty among older adults is generally agreed to be a dynamic status [13,14,15] that is inevitable with increasing age but reversible, [16, 17] and it may represent an intermediate stage between healthiness and the end of life as a biological age [1, 10]. It is conceivable that FI could also represent the cumulative effect of multiple individuals and environmental factors from a health ecological perspective. Understanding the characteristics related to frailty transitions will allow for better future health practice and healthcare strategies.\nSeveral studies have reported on the natural transitions in frailty status and their factors, which are mostly associations with sociodemographic factors and health status [17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24]. For instance, those who are older, [17, 19, 23, 24] have fewer years of education,  have diabetes and previous stroke,  have poor functional performance, [19, 21, 24] and have cognitive impairment  are associated with frailty worsening. These findings are helpful for health practitioners to recognize susceptible individuals, though they seem inadequate to provide health promotional planning for community aged populations. Identifying the social and behavioral factors that may worsen or improve frailty would contribute to establishing appropriate measures to prevent or delay frailty progression in a broader-aged population. Numerous studies have shown an association between lifestyle factors and frailty [25,26,27,28]. However, few studies have examined the relationship between potential social and behavioral factors and changes in frailty.\nRecently, a longitudinal study provided evidence that older Chinese living in communities that have a higher percentage of green space had a higher likelihood of improvement in frailty status, and physical activity presented a mediation effect . It is widely recognized that there are close associations between social and behavioral factors and health outcomes, and various studies have demonstrated them to be effective interventions for the frail elderly, including physical exercise and social support [2, 30,31,32]. It is reasonable to believe that an individual’s lifestyle has an important influence on changes in frailty. Moreover, a 15-year longitudinal study showed that an index constructed by multiple lifestyle protective factors is associated with a lower risk of worsening frailty and a greater chance of recovery among Chinese community-dwelling older adults . However, the independent effects of each factor are unknown, and additional lifestyle factors that are easy to modify need to be explored and their protective effects on frailty tested in future studies.\nBased on these considerations, we investigated how changes in frailty occurred among community-dwelling older Chinese through a 2-year cohort study, and lifestyle factors associated with changes in frailty were identified.\nStudy design and participants\nThis was a longitudinal observational study among Chinese older adults living in the community of Shanghai. Multi-stage random sampling was used to select subjects. Two of 11 streets were randomly selected, and then four communities were randomly selected from each street. Simple random sampling was used to select family, in which older adults aged ≥60 years lived in through a household registration information system. Residents aged ≥60 years among selected families were all approached to participate in the investigation. Written informed consent was obtained from each study participant, and the Research Ethics Committee of the Division for the Prevention and Control of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, approved the study protocol. A total of 4050 participants aged ≥60 years were originally recruited for an investigation of chronic diseases and geriatric syndromes in 2015. After eliminating invalid answers to questionnaires, the valid response proportion was 98.5% (3988/4050). Finally, the average age and its standard deviation (SD) of participants was 69.38 (7.06), with 43.5% male, 79.8% married, and more than half never educated (as shown in Table 1). During the next 2 years, there were 127 deaths and 23 participants lost to follow-up. Of those who were lots to follow-up, were unable to recontact them and some may have emigrated to another city. Five of these participants had prefrail and 18 had robust status.\nFrailty index construction and frailty transitions\nAccording to the methodology of FI construction, a multiple deficits approach was used to construct the FI. Deficits were defined as “symptoms, signs, disabilities, and diseases,” which prevalence must increase with age . Thirty-six eligible items were eventually selected covering the self-reported presence of current diseases (5 items), cognitive and mental symptoms (9 items), ability in the activities of daily living (15 items), as well as physical and neurological signs (7 items) (Details in Additional file 1). All items for FI were dichotomized into the presence (1) or absence (0) of a frailty deficit. The FI was calculated as the proportion of the number of deficits for an individual to the maximum total number of deficits. According to previous studies, [23, 35] we categorized the FI score into a three-level variable: robust (FI ≤ 0.10), prefrail (0.10 < FI ≤ 0.21), and frail (FI > 0.21). Frailty transitions were included for the three kinds of frailty status (robust, prefrail, and frail) changing into to each other among survivors after 2 years, which were defined as worsening, stability, or improvement. Outcomes also included death from each of the three kinds of frailty status.\nSociodemographic factors included age (Years), gender (Male/Female), educational level (Illiteracy/Primary school/Junior high school or above), marital status (Married/Unmarried; ‘Unmarried’ included never married, divorced, and widowed), and working status (Yes/No; ‘Yes’ means an individual still works for payment or for free, such as a volunteer, and ‘No’ means an individual has retired or has no work).\nLifestyle factors included living alone (Yes/No), has a shower facility at home (Yes/No), annual physical examination (Yes/No), cigarette smoking (Current smoker, Former smoker, Nonsmoker), alcohol intake (Yes/No; ‘Yes’ means an individual drinks sometimes or more often, and ‘No’ means an individual never drinks), daily tea (Yes/No), reading (Yes/No; ‘Yes’ means an individual reads books or newspapers sometimes or more often, and ‘No’ means an individual almost never reads), plays cards or mahjong (Yes/No; ‘Yes’ means an individual plays cards or mahjong sometimes or more often, and ‘No’ means an individual almost never plays), physical exercise (Almost never/Several times per week/Everyday; ‘Almost never’ means an individual does exercises over 10 min for only several times per month or less, ‘Several times per week’ means an individual does exercises over 10 min for 1–6 days, ‘Everyday’ means an individual does exercises over 10 min everyday), meeting with children (Almost never/Several times per week/Everyday; ‘Almost never’ means an individual meets with children for only several times per month or less), neighbor interaction (Almost never/Several times per week/Everyday; ‘Almost never’ means an individual interacts with neighbors over 10 min for only several times per month or less), and social participation (Almost never/Several times per month/Several times per week; ‘Almost never’ means an individual takes part in various social activities for several times per year or never). Alcohol intake was selected single frequency domain from quantity frequency scale (QF), regularly screening patients for alcohol problems by primary care doctors, and was degreed answer into non-drinker (never drinking at all) and drinker (some times and more often) . Physical exercise was designed categorized answers according to absolute physical measurements, which aims to quickly classify physical exercise level . The number and proportion of each lifestyle variable is presented in Table 1.\nDescriptive statistics for demographic and lifestyle variables are presented as the frequency and percentage, continuous variables are described as means and SD, and the Chi-square test was used to evaluate the distribution of the three kinds of frailty status at baseline between groups according to demographics and lifestyle. The health outcomes after 2 years and the three kinds of frailty transitions were also described and compared according to gender and age. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to explain whether the 2-year change of frailty was associated with lifestyle factors, with unadjusted and adjusted coefficients both reported. Windows-based SPSS version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for all of the statistical analysis, and a P value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.\nTable 1 showed the participants’ sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, and a comparison of these factors among the three frailty statuses at baseline. Prefrail and frail female elders were more common than males, while there were similar proportions of robust male and female elders. The average age of the frail, prefrail, and robust elders significantly increased. Except for meeting with children, all of the lifestyle factors were correlated with the frailty status at baseline. As expected, lifestyle protective factors included married, higher educational level, working, daily tea, reading, playing cards or mahjong, physical exercise, neighbor interaction, and social participation; and risk factors were live alone, lacking shower facilities at home, and no annual physical examination. However, there were higher proportions of current smokers and alcohol drinkers among the robust elders.\nThere were twelve kinds of transitions from baseline of the three frailty statuses to 2-year follow-up of four outcomes (including 127 deaths). Figure 1 shows the results of frailty status transitions according to gender (a) and age (b). The frailty status transitions significantly differed within each of gender and age group and also significantly differed between gender and age groups. Table 2 shows the changes in frailty among the 2-year survivors: 7.8% (299/3838), 70.0% (2687/3838), and 22.2% (852/3838) of elders improved (improvement), stayed the same (stability), and worsened (worsening) in frailty status, respectively. Among the baseline robust and prefrail elders, female elders (robust: 29.3% vs. 17.2%; prefrail: 21.0% vs. 16.3%), and older elders (robust: 49.8% vs. 34.4% vs. 16.6%) had a higher risk of frailty worsening, while there were no statistically significant differences between gender and age groups among the baseline frail elders. In further multivariate analyses, there were no significant associations between changes in frailty and gender, and the associations between age and the three changes in frailty were significant except for in the frail group.\nTable 3 shows the results of univariate (unadjusted models) and multivariate (adjusted models) analyses between lifestyle predictors and changes in frailty. Unadjusted and adjusted ORs and their 95% CI were used to estimate the risk of worsening and improvement compared to stability among the three kinds of baseline frailty status, respectively. In the unadjusted models, except for annual physical examination and meeting with children, all of the lifestyle factors were associated with robust worsening, while only neighbor interaction was associated with prefrail worsening. In addition, marital status, education, living alone, shower facilities at home, smoking, daily tea, reading, and social participation were associated with prefrail improvement, and physical exercise and neighbor interaction were associated with frail improvement.\nAfter all of the variables were entered into the model and additional adjustments for age and gender were applied, associations between frailty transitions and several factors weakened or disappeared. In particular, 1) those robust elders who had higher educational levels (compared with illiteracy, primary school: OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.51~0.78; junior high school or above: OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.33~0.64), still at work (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45~0.80), had more frequent physical exercise (compared with almost never, several times per week: OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55~0.96; everyday: OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.58~0.90) and more neighbor interaction (compared with almost never, everyday: OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.51~0.87) predicted a lower risk of robust worsening, while having no shower facilities at home (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.02~1.90) predicted a higher risk of robust worsening; 2) those prefrail elders who had more neighbor interaction (compared with almost never, several times per week: OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.13~0.74; everyday: OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.27~1.00) predicted a lower risk of prefrail worsening; 3) only more frequent social participation (compared with almost never, several times per week: OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.08~4.24) predicted a higher chance of prefrail improvement; and 4) among frail elders, only more physical exercise (compared with almost never, everyday: OR = 4.03, 95% CI: 1.42~11.46) predicted a higher chance of frailty improvement.\nThe present study showed that frailty status can deteriorate to a worse state (22.2%) but can also turn back to a better state (7.8%), though the majority stayed in the same state (70.0%). These results are similar to previous studies, [33, 38, 39] and continue to support the notion that frailty is a dynamic and reversible status in later life . With increasing age, the risk of being frailty and frailty worsening were both higher. Older females have widely been found to have a higher prevalence of frailty, [2, 8, 41] which also showed in our study. In addition, the decline rate among robust and prefrail female elders was found to be higher than in males. However, after adjusting for lifestyle factors, it seemed that few differences in changes of frailty were consistent with previous studies [18, 39]. These findings suggest that females probably have worse health but a more protective lifestyle, which provides a reason for the health-survival paradox. A higher educational level, known to promote better psychological well-being and less dependence,  was found to be associated with decreasing frailty among baseline robust elders in a previous study  and in the current study.\nThis study found that, beyond stability, improvement in frailty status is possible, and those elders who were frail at baseline improved by 18.3% in males and 36.0% in females during a period of 2 years. Older adults who had physical exercise everyday had a four-fold chance of frailty improvement compared to those who almost never exercised, and those who had frequent physical exercise had a nearly 27% lower risk of robust worsening in this study. Various physical activities are associated with health, and a number of random control trials have demonstrated the benefit of exercise intervention for the frail elderly [30,31,32]. These encouraging findings support the idea that the maintenance of robustness and improvements in frailty status can be promoted through daily physical exercise.\nAmong the robust elders at baseline, those who worked and had more frequent neighbor interaction had a 40 and 33% decreased risk of frailty worsening, respectively. A comparison study found that older workers experience a greater sense of mastery than retired elders,  which may encourage additional correct choices related to health . A sense of mastery, as a powerful psychological resource, is strongly linked to positive mental and physical health outcomes . A lower frequency of social interactions is associated with feelings of loneliness and depression,  and neighbor interactions are also an important way for older adults to acquire social resources (e.g., health information, emotional and instrumental support), which may serve as important buffers for frailty worsening. This is consistent with the decreased frailty worsening by frequent neighbor interaction among prefrail elders. In addition, taking part in social activities frequently seemed to be beneficial for prefrail elders. The presence of health problems is more likely to attract their attention, and those who participated in social activities frequently may have more chances to access health knowledge, increase physical activity, and promote interpersonal relationships, all of which favor health .\nFinally, we also found that baseline robust elders whose home does not have shower facilities predicted a higher risk of frailty worsening compared to those with showers. A lack of shower facilities at home could be an obstacle to personal hygiene, especially for older people, which may decrease their quality of life. However, it could simply reflect poor indoor conditions, which are likely to lead to adverse health outcomes.\nStrengths and limitations\nAssociations between lifestyle and frailty has been widely reported, but its influence on changes in frailty is unclear. This study is one of the few that has explored the relationship between various types of lifestyle factors and changes in frailty. This was a large longitudinal observational study with a very low dropout rate: 0.6% (n = 23), and to the best of our knowledge, this study is one of a few to demonstrate a relationship between lifestyle factors and changes in frailty.\nHowever, several limitations should be also mentioned. First, all of the analytical data in the study were from self-reported measures, instead of more accurate laboratory and clinical tests. Even so, self-reported data have been suggested to be valid by numerous publications. Second, assessments for each lifestyle factor only referred to a single aspect, and many other aspects of these lifestyle factors have not been considered. For instance, 1) other facilities or characteristics related to assisted ageing could be considered in the assessment of indoor conditions for the elderly; 2) other dietary habits (e.g., vegetable intake, fruit intake) could also be included; and 3) for social participation (physical exercise, interactions, and activities), the frequency of participation is important, but the satisfaction and style of participation should not be ignored [46, 47]; these are potential reasons for the different results among different frailty statuses. Finally, the study sample was drawn from the Shanghai area, which is one of the most developed cities in China, and it might not represent other parts of China.\nThis longitudinal population-based study suggests that the status of frailty was reversible among community-dwelling elderly, and lifestyle protective factors were likely to decrease the risk of frailty worsening. Although several health behaviors were not separately significantly related to changes in frailty, cumulative protective factors are associated with a lower risk of frailty deterioration or mortality, as well as a greater chance of recovery . Of the lifestyle predictors, many more factors were found to be associated with changes in frailty among robust and prefrail elders than frail elders, which suggests that early identification and intervention have a bigger chance of maintaining or delaying declines related to frailty status. These findings help health practitioners to recognize susceptible individuals in a community and provide health promotional planning to target aged populations.\nAvailability of data and materials\nThe data that support the findings of this study are available from The National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Data are however available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of The National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention.\nStatistical Package for the Social Sciences\nUnited States of America\nFried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, Seeman T, Tracy R, Kop WJ, Burke G, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. 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Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2018;76:85–91.\nTanimura C, Matsumoto H, Tokushima Y, Yoshimura J, Tanishima S, Hagino H. Self-care agency, lifestyle, and physical condition predict future frailty in community-dwelling older people. Nurs Health Sci. 2018;20(1):31–8.\nYe B, Gao J, Fu H. Associations between lifestyle, physical and social environments and frailty among Chinese older people: a multilevel analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2018;18(1):314.\nYu R, Wang D, Leung J, Lau K, Kwok T, Woo J. Is neighborhood green space associated with less frailty? Evidence from the Mr. and Ms. Os (Hong Kong) study. JADMA. 2018;19(6):528–34.\nNg TP, Feng L, Nyunt MSZ, Feng L, Niti M, Tan BY, Chan G, Khoo SA, Chan SM, Yap P, et al. Nutritional, Physical, Cognitive, and Combination Interventions and Frailty Reversal Among Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Med. 2015;128(11):1225–36 e1221.\nLuger E, Dorner TE, Haider S, Kapan A, Lackinger C, Schindler K. Effects of a Home-Based and Volunteer-Administered Physical Training, Nutritional, and Social Support Program on Malnutrition and Frailty in Older Persons: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JADMA. 2016;17(7):671.e679–16.\nTarazona-Santabalbina FJ, Gómez-Cabrera MC, Pérez-Ros P, Martínez-Arnau FM, Cabo H, Tsaparas K, Salvador-Pascual A, Rodriguez-Mañas L, Viña J. A multicomponent exercise intervention that reverses frailty and improves cognition, emotion, and social networking in the community-dwelling frail elderly: a randomized clinical trial. JADMA. 2016;17(5):426–33.\nWang C, Song X, Mitnitski A, Fang X, Tang Z, Yu P, Rockwood K. Effect of health protective factors on health deficit accumulation and mortality risk in older adults in the Beijing longitudinal study of aging. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(5):821–8.\nSearle SD, Mitnitski A, Gahbauer EA, Gill TM, Rockwood K. A standard procedure for creating a frailty index. BMC Geriatr. 2008;8(1):24.\nHoover M, Rotermann M, Sanmartin C, Bernier J. Validation of an index to estimate the prevalence of frailty among community-dwelling seniors. Health Rep. 2013;24(9):10–7.\nCherpitel CJ. Screening for alcohol problems in the U.S. general population: comparison of the CAGE, RAPS4, and RAPS4-QF by gender, ethnicity, and service utilization. Rapid alcohol problems screen. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2002;26(11):1686–91.\nGill DP, Jones GR, Zou GY, Speechley M. Using a single question to assess physical activity in older adults: a reliability and validity study. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2012;12:20. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-12-20.\nLiu ZY, Wei YZ, Wei LQ, Jiang XY, Wang XF, Shi Y, Hai H. Frailty transitions and types of death in Chinese older adults: a population-based cohort study. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:947–56.\nMartin L, McKenzie K, Ouellette-Kuntz H. Once frail, always frail? Frailty transitions in home care users with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2018;18(4):547–53.\nGill TM, Gahbauer EA, Allore HG, Han L. Transitions between frailty states among community-living older persons. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(4):418–23.\nHe B, Ma Y, Wang C, Jiang M, Geng C, Chang X, Ma B, Han L. Prevalence and risk factors for frailty among community-dwelling older people in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr Health Aging. 2019;23(5):442–50.\nSantos-Eggimann B, Cuenoud P, Spagnoli J, Junod J. Prevalence of frailty in middle-aged and older community-dwelling Europeans living in 10 countries. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009;64A(6):675–81.\nNyqvist F, Forsman AK, Cattan M. A comparison of older workers' and retired older people's social capital and sense of mastery. Scand J Public Health. 2013;41(8):792–8.\nPudrovska T, Schieman S, Pearlin LI, Nguyen K. The sense of mastery as a mediator and moderator in the association between economic hardship and health in late life. J Aging Health. 2016;17(5):634–60.\nDomènech-Abella J, Lara E, Rubio-Valera M, Olaya B, Moneta MV, Rico-Uribe LA, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Mundó J, Haro JM. Loneliness and depression in the elderly: the role of social network. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2017;52(4):381–90.\nDuppen D, Lambotte D, Dury S, Smetcoren AS, Pan H, De Donder L, Consortium DS: Social Participation in the Daily Lives of Frail Older Adults: Types of Participation and Influencing Factors. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2019, bz045, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz045.\nKwan RYC, Cheung DSK, Lo SKL, Ho LYW, Katigbak C, Chao Y-Y, Liu JYW. Frailty and its association with the Mediterranean diet, life-space, and social participation in community-dwelling older people. Geriatr Nurs. 2019;40(3):320–6.\nWe thank the contributions of the investigators during the 2 years, and thank LetPub (www.letpub.com) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.\nThis work was supported by the National key R&D Program of China (grant number: 2018YFC2002000 & 2018YFC2002001). The funding bodies had no specific role in study design or data collection, analysis, and interpretation, or manuscript conception and writing.\nEthics approval and consent to participate\nThe Research Ethics Committee of the Division for the Prevention and Control of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, approved the study protocol.\nConsent for publication\nThe authors declare no competing interests.\nSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.\nAbout this article\nCite this article\nYe, B., Chen, H., Huang, L. et al. Changes in frailty among community-dwelling Chinese older adults and its predictors: evidence from a two-year longitudinal study. BMC Geriatr 20, 130 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01530-x\n- Frailty index\n- Change of frailty\n- Older adults", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "October 30, 1997 |\nHundreds of residents who received flu shots at clinics in Monroe, Conn., are worried that they might have been exposed to viruses that cause hepatitis and AIDS, health officials said. They said many residents lined up for recommended hepatitis B shots after the scare. The shots are being given as a precaution because the town's health director, who has since resigned, did not change the syringe between flu shots that he gave to about 468 people.\nOctober 7, 2002 |\nA growing number of doctors are now convinced that for many people, too much iron in the blood is a bigger health problem than too little. \"For years we were getting, 'Rah, rah, the more iron the better.' Now that has changed around completely,\" said Richard Stevens, a cancer epidemiologist at University of Connecticut Health Center who has studied the potential health risks of elevated levels of iron.\nApril 20, 1993 |\nCigna Sues NME, Claims Fraud: Cigna Corp. said it has sued National Medical Enterprises Inc., alleging that the psychiatric hospital operator committed widespread insurance fraud against the Connecticut health insurer. The suit, filed in U.S. District Court in Dallas on March 24, seeks repayment of millions of dollars of patient treatment charges that it alleges were billed fraudulently. Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States, based in New York, is also a plaintiff in the suit.\nCALIFORNIA | LOCAL\nOctober 10, 1988 |\nAn experimental contraceptive vaccine has blocked fertility without fail in female and male guinea pigs, researchers report, raising prospects that a similar approach might work for women and men. The vaccine is designed to prevent fertilization, which may make it more widely acceptable than another vaccine already being tested in humans that stops development of the embryo, other scientists said.\nAugust 4, 1994\nAfter more than a century of girding the loins of American male athletes--and giving its name to those who wear it--the jock is slipping. Although the jock alone may be an endangered species, it's still issued by many college and pro teams. And protective cups, both hard and soft--with cup supporters that, with any luck, keep them in position--have never gone out of style in contact sports. But novel fabrics and designs have helped to create a new generation of athletic underwear.\nApril 13, 2011 |\nA representative for Catherine Zeta-Jones confirmed Wednesday that the actress recently underwent inpatient treatment for bipolar II disorder at a Connecticut mental health facility. Booster Shots spoke about the disorder with David J. Miklowitz, PhD, a professor of psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine and author of \"The Bipolar Disorder Survival Guide: What You and Your Family Need to Know. \" Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depression, is typically lifelong and recurrent, Miklowitz said. Some people have their first episode in childhood, others later in life; the majority, during the teen years. Some people experience episodes every few years; others are in and out of episodes constantly.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Did you know that slow-healing wounds can prevent you from taking part in your daily chores because they are very painful? Some wounds are not severe, but due to poor or inappropriate care, they worsen to chronic wounds resulting in severe complications like bone infection. That is why qualified and experienced specialists like Dr. Ashley Huddleston in Forth Worth take proactive steps to promote wound healing. Comprehensive care that includes advanced dressing, nutrition, and specialized treatment like hyperbaric oxygen therapy is used. Below is all you are required to know concerning wound care.\nWhen do you need wound care?\nWounds that require professional care have developed an infection or are severe wounds. Similarly, you also require wound care for wounds that do not heal quickly. In most cases, you are said to have a chronic wound or a non-healing wound when it has not started healing for about two weeks or has failed to heal completely within six weeks. But if you develop an ulcer on your foot or lower leg, you shouldn’t wait to see if it will heal because ulcers rarely heal on their own. And with time, ulcers only worsen and develop complications.\nWhat types of wounds require professional care?\nSome wounds that require professional wound care are infected, venous leg ulcers, diabetic wounds, foot ulcers, pressure sores, arterial ulcers, or surgical wound complications. Non-healing wounds can take several months to heal. In this case, the longer the wound takes to heal, the more you risk having serious infections that can invade the surrounding bones and skin. Amputation can be done in very severe and chronic wounds.\nWhat are the symptoms that indicate you need wound care?\nThe symptoms below indicate that your wound is not healing correctly or might have an infection. They are foul odor, swelling, redness, fever, thick and discolored discharge, pain that does not improve, drainage from the wound, blue or dark color around the wound’s edges, or red streaks or blotches spreading from the wound. Therefore if you develop any of the above symptoms, you must seek medical attention immediately.\nWhat happens during wound care?\nGenerally, chronic wounds usually require intensive treatment that starts with a thorough initial assessment. The health care specialist begins by reviewing your medical history, carrying out a physical exam, and evaluating the depth and size of your wound. Diagnostic tests are also performed to help identify the underlying cause of your wound. It also looks for the existence of potential complications like bone infections. Additional studies performed are vascular studies, ultrasound, blood tests, diagnostic imaging tests like CT scan, MRI or x-ray, and trans-cutaneous oxygen testing.\nWhich treatment might you receive for wound care?\nIn most cases, advanced therapies are used to promote wound healing and stabilize your wound. Some essential therapies offered are wound debridement, compression therapy, infection management, negative pressure wound therapy, bio-engineered skin grafts, pressure off-loading, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.\nNon-healing wounds and slow healing wounds can expose you to infections of the surrounding tissues and bone. Therefore if you have any of the conditions mentioned earlier and require professional wound care, call or visit Wound Evaluation-Wound Care and Hyperbaric Medicine today and get started by booking your appointment online.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Faced with the current state of affairs in the world, many people are struggling with anxiety and stress. The good news is that there is help available in the form of counselling services provided by OurOnlineTherapy. Based in Edmonton, Alberta, this counselling service offers a range of therapeutic solutions to help people manage their anxiety and stress.\nOurOnlineTherapy.com offers a variety of services to help individuals cope with the mental and emotional effects of stress and anxiety. Their team of experienced psychotherapists and counsellors provide individual counselling, cognitive-behavioural therapy, and group therapy. They also offer couples and family therapy to help strengthen family relationships and work through any difficulties caused by anxiety or stress.\nThe counselling services offered by OurOnlineTherapy are tailored to the individual, taking into consideration their unique circumstances and needs. They take the time to understand each person’s goals and develop a plan to help them reach those goals. They also provide insurance coverage for counselling services, making it easier for people to access the help they need.\nOurOnlineTherapy also offers online counselling, allowing individuals to access counselling services without having to leave the comfort of their own home. This type of counselling is particularly useful for those who may not be able to access traditional in-person counselling for various reasons, such as physical health concerns or lack of transportation. Online counselling also helps reduce the stigma associated with mental health and makes it easier to access help from the privacy of one’s own home.\nOurOnlineTherapy provides a safe and confidential space for individuals to work through their anxiety and stress in a therapeutic setting. They offer a non-judgemental, understanding, and supportive environment that helps to reduce the effects of anxiety and stress. They also provide individuals with the tools and skills they need to help manage and cope with their anxiety and stress in the long-term.\nIf you or someone you know is struggling with anxiety or stress, consider seeking help from OurOnlineTherapy. Their experienced team of psychotherapists and counsellors are here to help individuals work through the mental, emotional, and social effects of these issues. With their help, individuals can learn the tools and skills they need to manage and cope with their anxiety and stress in the long-term.\nContact onlinetherapy.com Today", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Vital Nutrients Schisandra Extract\nWhat Schisandra Extract is Best For\nSchisandra Extract is recommended for those supporting energy, endurance, and stress.\n- Regarded as an adaptogen\n- Supports normal liver function\n- Supports normal immune and nervous systems\nHow Schisandra Extract Works\nVital Nutrients supports liver protective functions due to its lignan content, helps to support liver function, and supports the immune and nervous systems.\nSchisandra has been used for over 2,000 years in Chinese and Japanese medicine.\nSchisandra is considered adaptogenic and supports energy, endurance, and stress response.\nSchisandra Extract Serving Size\nAs a dietary supplement, take 1 or 2 capsules once or twice daily between meals, or as directed by a healthcare practitioner.\nSchisandra Extract Ingredients\nServing size: 2 capsules\nSchisandra Berry Extract 1000 mg\nOther Ingredients: Vegetable Cellulose Capsule, Magnesium Citrate, Cellulose, Ascorbyl Palmitate and Silica.\nWarning: If pregnant, consult your physician before taking.\nIndependently tested for authenticity, potency, heavy metals, solvent residue, herbicide & pesticide residue, aflatoxins, stability and bacteria, yeast and mold counts.\nSchisandra Extract Side Effects\nConsult your healthcare provider.\nSchisandra Extract Where to Buy\nSchisandra Extract product is available only from licensed healthcare professionals. Buy Schisandra Extract Online here at AcuAtlanta.net or our clinic.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Health Solutions Bio Magnetic Shoulder Support.\n- Small/Medium size\n- 18x 1000+ gaus magnets for deep penetration\n- Magnetic waves have effective therapeutic properties\n- Increase healing capabilities to injured areas by improving the blood circulation\n- Made from soft durable materials which offers outstanding quality and durability\n- Alternative treatment to help treat pain\n- By: Health Solutions", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Heat stroke risk soars\nTHINK it's been hot lately? It feels like a furnace out there.\nMackay is in the grips of a scorching summer with no signs of the hellish temperatures easing anytime soon.\nEveryone is feeling it.\nParticularly the young, the sick and the elderly.\nMackay Base Hospital has recorded numerous cases of heat stroke, many affecting outdoor workers.\nDespite keeping up their fluid levels, many of these workers have still suffered headaches, nausea and vomiting\nMackay Base Hospital emergency medicine specialist Dr Dale Hanson said as temperatures increased people were advised to stay hydrated and cool.\n\"Heat illness occurs when the body overheats and cannot cool itself down, which can occur during hot weather,\" Dr Hanson said.\n\"The effects of overheating on the body can vary from heat rash and cramps through to heat exhaustion or heat stroke.\"\nDr Hanson said there were several steps that could be taken to prevent heat related illnesses.\nCrucial was continually drinking plenty of fluids.\nDon't wait until you are thirsty to drink, drink throughout the day, he said.\n\"Urine colour is a good guide to hydration.\n\"It should be clear to light straw-coloured, not dark or golden.\"\n\"Try to stay indoors in very hot weather, preferably in an air-conditioned building, or ensure there is good air flow with fans and open windows.\n\"People can also stay cool by taking cool showers or baths; soaking their feet in a basin of water.\"\nDr Hanson said certain groups of people were more prone to heat related illnesses.\nThe elderly, infants, overweight people, pregnant and breastfeeding women and people with some pre-existing health conditions were most at risk.\nA Bureau of Meteorology spokeswoman said we could expect a maximum daytime temperature of 31 degrees through until Sunday.\nOvernight minimums would also be relatively high, with a low of 24 degrees predicted for tonight and tomorrow night, the spokeswoman said.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We are a multi-state managed care organization that arranges for the delivery of health care services to persons eligible for Medicaid, Medicare, and other government-sponsored programs for low-income families and individuals. We conduct our business primarily through licensed health plans in the states of California, Florida, Michigan, Missouri, New Mexico, Ohio, Texas, Utah, and Washington. The health plans are locally operated by our respective wholly owned subsidiaries in those states, each of which is licensed as a health maintenance organization. Our revenues are derived primarily from premium revenues paid to our health plans by the relevant state Medicaid authority, which revenues are jointly financed by the federal and state governments. Increasingly, we also derive revenues from the federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, in connection with our Medicare services. As of December 31, 2009, approximately 1,455,000 members were enrolled in our health plans.\nThe payments made to our health plans generally represent an agreed upon amount per member per month, or a “capitation” amount, which is paid regardless of whether the member utilizes any medical services in that month or whether the member utilizes medical services in excess of the capitation amount. Each of our health plans is thus financially “at risk” for the medical care of its members. Each health plan contracts with health care providers in the relevant communities or states in which it operates, including primary care physicians, specialist physicians, physician groups, hospitals, and other medical care providers. These health care providers then provide medical care to the health plan’s enrolled members. Various core administrative functions of our health plans — primarily claims processing, information systems, and finance — are centralized at our corporate parent in Long Beach, California. Our California health plan also operates 17 of its own primary care community clinics; we have a Virginia subsidiary which manages three county-owned primary care community clinics in Fairfax County, Virginia; and our Washington health plan recently began operating its own behavioral health clinic.\nDr. C. David Molina founded our Company in 1980 under the name “Molina Medical Centers” as a provider organization serving the Medicaid population in Southern California through a network of primary care clinics. Since then, we have increased our membership through the start-up development of new health plan operations, the acquisition of existing health plans, and internal or organic growth. Key milestones in our history have included the following:\nOn January 18, 2010, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire the Health Information Management, or HIM, business of Unisys Corporation. The HIM business provides design, development, implementation, and business process outsourcing solutions to state governments for their Medicaid Management Information Systems, or MMIS. MMIS is a core tool used to support the administration of state Medicaid and other health care entitlement programs. The HIM business currently holds MMIS contracts with the states of Idaho, Louisiana, Maine, New Jersey, and West Virginia, as well as a contract to provide drug rebate administration services for the Florida Medicaid program. The acquisition is expected to close in the first half of 2010. We intend to operate the HIM business under the name, Molina Medicaid Solutions.\nOur principal executive offices are located at 200 Oceangate, Suite 100, Long Beach, California 90802, and our telephone number is (562) 435-3666. Our website is www.molinahealthcare.com.\nThe Medicaid and CHIP Programs. Established in 1965, the Medicaid program is an entitlement program funded jointly by the federal and state governments and administered by the states. The Medicaid program provides health care benefits to low-income families and individuals. Each state establishes its own eligibility standards, benefit packages, payment rates, and program administration within broad federal statutory and regulatory guidelines. The most common state-administered Medicaid program is the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program, or TANF (often pronounced “TAN-if”). TANF is the successor to the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program, or AFDC, and most enrolled members are mothers and their children. Another common state-administered Medicaid program is for the aged, blind, or disabled, or ABD Medicaid members, who do not qualify under other Medicaid coverage categories. Although state programs must meet minimum federal standards, states have significant flexibility in determining eligibility thresholds, the amount of covered services, and payment rates for providers.\nIn addition, the Children’s Health Insurance Program, known widely by the acronym CHIP, is a joint federal and state matching program that provides health care coverage to children whose families earn too much to qualify for Medicaid coverage, but not enough to afford commercial health insurance. States have the option of administering CHIP through their Medicaid programs.\nThe federal government pays a portion of the costs that states incur to provide services to Medicaid enrollees. The proportion of states’ costs that the federal government pays is based on the “federal medical assistance percentage,” or FMAP. The percentage for each state is determined through a formula that assigns a higher federal reimbursement rate to states that have lower income per capita (and vice versa) relative to the national average. Prior to the implementation of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, or ARRA, the average matching rate that the federal government paid was 57 percent nationwide; states contributed the remaining 43 percent. The federal matching rates have both a floor (50 percent) and a ceiling (83 percent). The matching rates for CHIP are approximately one-third higher than those under Medicaid. Generally, states have more programmatic flexibility in CHIP than in Medicaid.\nAs part of ARRA, enacted on February 17, 2009, states were scheduled to receive approximately $87 billion in assistance for their Medicaid programs through a temporary increase in the FMAP match rate. The funding is effective from October 1, 2008 to December 31, 2010. Under ARRA, every state has received a minimum FMAP increase of 6.2 percent. The balance of funding is based on unemployment rates in the states. In order to receive this additional FMAP increase, states may not reduce Medicaid eligibility levels below the eligibility levels that were in place on July 1, 2008. Medicaid is classified as an entitlement, and therefore there is no limit on the federal funds that may be expended. Federal payments for Medicaid are limited only by the amount states are willing and able to spend. Nevertheless, budgetary constraints at both the federal and state levels may limit the benefits paid and the number of members served by Medicaid. CHIP, however, is a capped allotment. Pursuant to the Children’s Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009 enacted on February 4, 2009, CHIP was reauthorized and expanded to cover up to a total of 11 million children by 2011. The legislation also provided an additional $32.8 billion in funding over the next four-and-a-half years, and allows states to expand coverage up to 300 percent of the federal poverty level. CHIP will continue to be funded at an enhanced match, with a minimum federal amount of 65 percent.\nOn March 10, 2010, the United States Senate approved legislation which would allocate $25 billion to the extension by six months of the 6.2% increase in the FMAP provided under ARRA. If this legislation is passed by the House and signed into law by President Obama, the increased FMAP paid to the states will continue through June 30, 2011.\nMedicaid Managed Care. Under traditional fee-for-service Medicaid programs, health care services are made available to beneficiaries in an uncoordinated manner. These beneficiaries typically have minimal access to preventive care such as immunizations, and access to primary care physicians is limited. As a consequence, treatment is often postponed until medical conditions become more severe, leading to higher utilization of costly emergency room services. In addition, because providers are paid on a fee-for-service basis where additional services rendered result in additional revenues, they lack incentives to monitor utilization and control costs.\nIn an effort to improve quality and provide more uniform and more cost-effective care, many states have implemented Medicaid managed care programs. Such programs seek to improve access to coordinated health care services, including preventive care, and to control health care costs. Under Medicaid managed care programs, a health plan receives capitation payments for the covered health care services. The health plan, in turn, arranges for the provision of the covered health care services by contracting with a network of providers, including both physicians and hospitals, who agree to provide the covered services to the health plan’s members. The health plan also monitors quality of care and implements preventive programs, thereby striving to improve access to care while more effectively controlling costs.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Antioxidants scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), preventing aging, disease and more. And for this reason, food and beverages (such as fruits and vegetables), supplements and even beauty products with antioxidants are so sought after. A new study supported by a grant from Dole Food Co., published in the Journal of Nutrition, wanted to establish an assay to assess the antioxidant response elements (ARE) activation capacity of fruit and vegetable extracts and determine whether such capacity was predicted by total phenolic compound (TP) content and/or ORAC activity (July 29, 2015).\nAs IFT explained: “To study the impact of plant-based antioxidant phytochemicals on AREs, the researchers developed an assay using IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells. The DNI laboratory prepared 134 fruit and vegetable extracts using both the flesh and peel.\n“When the extracts were exposed to the assay, 107 of them activated the AREs. Some of the most effective activators included avocado peel, carrot, red pear peel, pineapple, lemon flesh, green pear peel, red delicious apple peel, spinach and a variety of lettuces. The assay results more effectively determined antioxidant capacity than the commonly used measures of TP and ORAC.\"\nThe researchers concluded: “The ARE reporter assay identified many active fruit and vegetable extracts in human IMR-32 cells. There are components of fruits and vegetables that activate the ARE but are not phenolic compounds and are low in ORAC. The ARE-luciferase reporter assay is likely a better predictor of the antioxidant benefits of fruits and vegetables than TP or ORAC.\"\nMore studies are underway to create more definitive results.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "How to Choose a Detox Center in West Palm Beach\nThere are a number of different options out there when it comes to choosing a drug and alcohol detox center in West Palm Beach. With so many options available in regards to such an important matter, it can be confusing to know which detox program is right for you. Here is a step-by-step guide to help you learn about your detox options, find a program that is covered by your insurance, and pick a detox center that meets your unique needs.\nLearn About Your Detox Options in West Palm Beach\nBefore you contact your insurance company or begin calling detox centers near you, you can research your different options. This can help you narrow down your options and eliminate any detox centers that are not right for you.\nInpatient vs Outpatient Detox\nDetox can happen on an inpatient or outpatient basis. Inpatient means you are required to stay at the medical facility around the clock. During outpatient detox, however, you only come to the detox facility for your daily check-in and medications. Generally, inpatient detox is recommended because it is the safest way to detox. But, some individuals may qualify for outpatient detoxes, such as those with mild addictions or who are low-risk for withdrawal complications.\nA qualified addiction professional can help you decide whether inpatient or outpatient detox is right for you.\nDrug and alcohol detox centers in West Palm Beach may utilize different drug and alcohol treatment medications to help patients through withdrawal. The type of substance you are addicted to and your symptoms determine which medications may be prescribed to you. Medications can help reduce the severity of your withdrawal symptoms and cravings while minimizing the risk of complications.\nIf you know you will need a certain medication during detox, be sure you choose a center that uses that medication. For instance, some detox centers use Suboxone and Methadone, while others do not. It’s important that you choose a facility that meets your individual needs.\nFind a West Palm Beach Detox Center that is In-Network With Your Insurance\nEven though drug and alcohol withdrawal only lasts a week or two at most, medical detox centers can be expensive due to the intensive medical services they provide. The most affordable way to pay for detox is to find a detox center that is in-network with your insurance.\nAll health insurance companies in the United States are required to provide coverage for substance abuse treatment, including drug and alcohol detox. By choosing a detox center that is in-network with your provider, you can minimize your out-of-pocket costs.\nEvaluate The Detox Center\nOnce you’ve decided the type of detox center you’d like to attend and narrowed down your options based on which ones are most affordable, you’ll want to evaluate the different services and amenities offered at the detox center. If you are unsure of which detox center to choose, your answer may lie in the details.\nSome detox centers offer the bare minimum. They begin with an evaluation, take you to your room, and monitor you while providing medical support as you detox. Others offer more comprehensive services on top of medical care, such as group or individual therapy sessions. On the other hand, different facilities may have different specialties. Some detox centers specialize in treating alcohol use disorders while others have a focus on opiate addiction.\nConsider your personal needs and the services offered by the detox center to make the decision that is best for you.\nAmenities are extra services offered by detox and rehab centers that are not necessary for the recovery process. Instead, they are complementary. Some amenities you may find at drug and alcohol detox centers in West Palm Beach include pools, recreation areas, a gym, nutritional assistance, and massage or acupuncture. Amenities can make you feel more comfortable and relaxed as you go through this difficult part of your recovery.\nAddiction recovery is an ongoing process that does not end with detox. The best detox centers will connect you with a substance abuse counselor who can help you figure out what your next steps should be. After detox, you may go to inpatient or outpatient rehab, join a 12-Step fellowship, or begin individual counseling sessions. Before choosing a detox center, make sure they can provide you with long-term care, whether it be their own rehab center or a referral program.\nFind a Drug and Alcohol Detox Center in West Palm Beach Today\nHere at Mandala Healing Center, our evidence-based drug and alcohol detox program in West Palm Beach combines holistic healing methods with medication management to help support you through every step of the healing process. We treat your mind, body, and spirit so you can successfully begin your recovery journey. For help with drug and alcohol addiction, contact us today.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Motivating Myself to Stick to My ‘Prophy’ Routine\nNeedle. Vein. My eyes shift back and forth. Needle. Vein. Which vein is large enough to hit without blowing, but small enough to anchor well? Tourniquet, needle, vein, syringe. I hate infusing. I HATE this. Well, tonight I definitely hate this.\nMaybe I haven’t eaten enough, or perhaps it’s due to sleep loss over the past few weeks. I don’t have it in me, yet I am already two days late. I have to get this needle in my vein tonight. It is imperative that I push through and infuse, for my health and safety.\nWhat is ‘prophy’?\nI infuse factor VIII, a protein my blood is missing, every 72 hours. This helps to prevent bleeding episodes. Skipping doses means heightened susceptibility to bleeds. Knees, knuckles, shoulders, and ankles are often the joints I have issues with.\nWhen people with bleeding disorders infuse clotting factors to prevent bleeds, it is called “prophylaxis,” or “prophy” for short. If people with bleeding disorders only treat when they have an active bleed, it is called “on-demand.” If someone is struggling with repeated bleeding episodes, staff at their hemophilia treatment center may suggest prophy.\nI once knew a woman who was told she “wanted to be like the boys” when she fought for prophy to prevent bleeding. While she did indeed want to have access to the same treatment a man with the same factor levels would have, she did not enjoy the actual process of infusing factor. Most of us do not enjoy it.\nI love that I have access to factor replacement to protect me. After a few years of working through the right product and dose, I have reduced my bleeds from every 3-6 weeks to no bleeds in about six months. This was a huge game changer for me and increased my quality of life.\nYet, I do struggle to keep up. There are days when I just don’t want to infuse. Some days I let it go, telling myself that I can have a break and infuse tomorrow. Most days, I push through and find a way so I am protected.\nWhy is it a struggle?\nThere are so many reasons people do not infuse or skip doses, including:\n- Fatigue — my number one excuse.\n- Memory issues — yep, they just forget.\n- Embarrassment — stepping away from a group of friends or infusing in front of one can be challenging.\n- Not enough time — when I am late I hate to infuse, as the stress of rushing can make me blow veins.\n- Fear of needles — you would think hemophilia would cure people of needle phobias, but it doesn’t always; fear of needles can definitely impact treatment adherence.\n- Lack of access — perhaps insurance is an issue.\nFor some, access to new treatments such as Hemlibra (emicizumab) and gene therapy has improved adherence. Hemlibra is a subcutaneous injection that may be timed as monthly, weekly, or biweekly. The time it takes to infuse is shorter, and subcutaneous administration means no more hunting for those veins! This has been a gift to our community.\nGene therapy is also an emerging treatment, which is further along for hemophilia B than A. This is seen as a “cure,” and the goal is to get the body to produce clotting factor on its own.\nHow I persevere\nPersevering is not always easy. When I can barely keep my eyes open, infusion is overwhelming. Yet, I remind myself how fortunate I am. I have an accurate diagnosis and access to medication. I have a treatment team whose members are supportive and work to keep me healthy. Following the treatment plan reduces bleeding episodes and greatly improves my quality of life. Infusing is a win.\nGiving myself the space to struggle with the act of infusion is important. It is OK to acknowledge those moments when I feel I have hit a wall. It is also OK to hate poking myself with a needle multiple times a week.\nGratitude for the ability to infuse can also help me climb out of those spaces of resistance. I am fortunate. People around the world struggle to obtain a diagnosis and factor products. I have both. I am lucky to be able to use them, even if it means poking a needle in my vein every three days. It is a win.\nNote: Hemophilia News Today is strictly a news and information website about the disease. It does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. The opinions expressed in this column are not those of Hemophilia News Today or its parent company, BioNews, and are intended to spark discussion about issues pertaining to hemophilia.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Anil H. Vaidya, Senior Director, Scientific and Regulatory Writing/Communications. Anil has over 18 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry, including positions as a scientist and discovery leader on the compound development team in central nervous system drug discovery research and development at Johnson and Johnson. In these roles, Anil was responsible for advancing 5 new molecular entities from discovery into early development, including one for anxiety/depression from conception to Phase 2 clinical trials. In subsequent roles as a medical writer in vaccines at Sanofi Pasteur and as an associate director in rare disease and vaccines at Pfizer, Anil supported medical writing activities for a Phase 3 clostridium difficile vaccine trial and for biologicals license applications in rare disease programs. Anil is a named author on approximately 40 publications and an inventor on a patent for the treatment of alcohol abuse, addiction, and dependency. Anil has a B.A. in Psychology with a focus in behavioral neuroscience from Rutgers University, New Jersey.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Studying of cytologic preparations of bone marrow doesn’t yield decisive results for diagnosis of hypoplastic anemia. Even at considerable devastation of bone marrow the needle can get to the center of the remained myelogenesis. It creates wrong idea of sufficient blood formation. At suspicion on bone marrow hypoplasia in connection with panhematopenia in peripheral blood it is necessary to apply core biopsy. This method gives an idea of replacement extent of bone marrow with fatty tissue. In cytologic preparations of marrow at hypoplastic anemia it is possible to reveal some features.\nAt attentive examination and calculation maturation violation of all three its sprouts attracts attention. A neutrophilous row comes to the end with myelocytes. Absence of the oxyphyle and the small number of polychromatophilous normocytes explains the acute anemia revealed at calculation of peripheral blood. The quantity of megalokaryocytes in a myelogram is considerably reduced. Represented megalokaryocytes has basophilous cytoplasm without platelets release. Panhematopenia in peripheral blood pointing to hypoplastic anemia was confirmed by studying of marrow. Anemia may be treated together with Canadian HealthCare Mall, a pharmaceutical company carrying out its activity in the Internet. The main goals of this web drug store is to provide people with medical preparations and outstanding service.\nSternal puncture differs because of very poor structure which can create idea of an unsuccessful puncture. However there are symptoms excluding similar suspicion. For the devastated marrow presence only of single cellular elements of marrowy blood formation among which macrophages meet, plasmatic cells are characteristic, supportive cell are possible to be observed. In this case at very poor cellular structure puncture of marrow externally was bloody and fatty, consisted of single normocytes, seldom eosinophiles. Single macrophages, plasmatic cells, the rare cellular formations extended and reminding fibroblast – elements of stroma of marrow and ugly lymphoid cells were the certificate of successful breast puncture.\nHowever it is necessary to remember that hit of needle in the center of safe blood formation can create false representation. The results should be truly confirmed and after the diagnosis establishment you may order drugs via http://thecanadianhealthcaremall.com/ Canadian HealthCare Mall. You may find everything you need in one place, remember this fact!\nCategory: Canadian HealthCare Mall\nTags: blood formation, hypoplastic anemia, neutrophilous, normocytes", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "medical Definition of acinetobacter\n- A hospital outbreak involving multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter strains … should prompt an infection control investigation of compliance with hand washing, barrier precautions, ventilator care, and housekeeping.\n- —The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, 18th edition, 2006\n- Although acinetobacters are frequently isolated from several areas of the human body, there is some uncertainty as to whether they are present as contaminants rather than as commensals.\n- —Elliot June, in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2005", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Save Big Money on your Dental Implant Supported Bridge Treatment in India..\nPrice from 350 USD $ ( onwards * ) per implant …\nGet Single Tooth Implant in just 1 to 2 days in India..\nWith High class world renowned dental Implants..\nDr. Goswami’s — Delhi Dental Center in India offers best price low cost of high quality immediate tooth Dental Implant dental bridge treatment procedures.\nA True savings of almost 70 % to 80 % in cost in normal to complex procedures as compared to cost of dental implant treatment price in Bangkok Thailand Budapest Hungry America Europe Canada Australia and other parts of the world.\nThe total cost of tooth Dental Implant supported Dental Bridge treatment procedure with all new set of teeth at Delhi Dental Center in New Delhi, will be around 55 to 65 % less than what a person will pay in Europe, Australia, Thailand, Canada or America.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Several recent media reports underscore the important-and growing-role of pharmacists as health care resources.\nSeveral recent media reports underscore the important—and growing—role of pharmacists as a health care resource.\nWhether they are looking for health advice or vaccines, patients can turn to their pharmacist to fill their health care needs, as 2 news reports cited in a recent press release from the National Association of Chain Drug Stores demonstrate.\nAn article published on July 22, 2012, in the Delmarva Daily Times highlighted the role of pharmacists in medication management, including educating patients regarding possible side effects, contraindications, and allergic reactions. The article stressed the importance of pharmacists’ interactions with patients and their families.\n“We can help patients better understand their medications,” Cynthia Boyle, PharmD, of the University of Maryland Eastern Shore’s School of Pharmacy, told the newspaper. “In fact, a significant part of our curriculum is teaching students to meet the needs of patients and families through health promotion and education.”\nMeanwhile, an article published on July 23, 2012, in the South Florida Sun Sentinel reported that Florida pharmacists can now administer the shingles and pneumonia vaccines. Pharmacists, who previously had only been allowed to give influenza vaccines, gained the new powers under the state’s Vaccine Access Act., which went into effect on July 1.\n“It’s more convenient than waiting in the doctor’s office,” Ray Sternberger, a Fort Lauderdale resident, told the paper. “It makes a lot of sense.”\nPharmacy advocates in the state noted that the law acknowledges the pharmacist’s role as a health care resource and encourages improved public health and awareness, according to the article.\n“Pharmacists are among the most accessible health care professionals in the community today,” Valerie Wickboldt, of the Pharmacy Choice and Access Now Coalition, told the paper. “People use their pharmacy an average of once a month, so pharmacies can advertise the importance of these immunizations more readily to a broader population.”\nAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the portion of flu shots administered by pharmacists increased from 7% in the 2006-2007 influenza season, when pharmacists were first allowed to administer the shots, to 18.4% in the 2011-2012 season.\n“Any time you have an opportunity to help someone from being sick or help someone stay healthy, and to prevent the increased costs of health care in this state, it’s gotta be a win for everybody,” Michael Jackson, vice president of the Florida Pharmacy Association, told the paper.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "为了使您在Abcam官网的浏览体验更顺畅，请使用最新版本的浏览器比如 Google Chrome\nThe antibody epitope was mapped to a site within a consensus tyrosine sulfation motif of CD162, previously shown to be essential for interaction with P selectin (and now shown to be essential for recognition of CD162 by L selectin).\nab78188 completely blocks recognition of CD162 by either P selectin or by L selectin, but does not affect leukocyte recognition of E selectin.\nAbcam is committed to meeting high standards of ethical manufacturing and has decided to discontinue this product by June 2019 as it has been generated by the ascites method. We are sorry for any inconvenience this may cause.\nOur Abpromise guarantee covers the use of ab78188 in the following tested applications.\nThe application notes include recommended starting dilutions; optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.\n|Blocking||Use at an assay dependent concentration.|\n|WB||Use at an assay dependent concentration. Predicted molecular weight: 43 kDa.|\n|IP||Use at an assay dependent concentration.|\n|IHC-P||Use at an assay dependent concentration.\nIndirect biotin streptavidin method recommended. Formalin fixed, deparaffinized sections were stained without pretreatment or microwaved for 15 minutes in 0.01 mol/L citrate buffer pH 6.0 before staining.\n|IHC-Fr||Use at an assay dependent concentration.\nFrozen sections were fixed in acetone for 10 minutes at 4 °C before staining.\n|Flow Cyt||Use 0.01µg for 106 cells.\nab170190 - Mouse monoclonal IgG1, is suitable for use as an isotype control with this antibody.\nHuman peripheral blood lymphocytes stained with ab78188 (red line). Human whole blood was processed using a modified protocol based on Chow et al, 2005 (PMID: 16080188). In brief, human whole blood was fixed in 4% formaldehyde (methanol-free) for 10 min at 22°C. Red blood cells were then lyzed by the addition of Triton X-100 (final concentration - 0.1%) for 15 min at 37°C. For experimentation, cells were treated with 50% methanol (-20°C) for 15 min at 4°C. Cells were then incubated with the antibody (ab78188, 0.01μg/1x106 cells) for 30 min at 4°C. The secondary antibody used was Alexa Fluor® 488 goat anti-mouse IgG (H&L) (ab150113) at 1/2000 dilution for 30 min at 4°C. Isotype control antibody (black line) was mouse IgG1 [ICIGG1] (ab91353, 0.1μg/1x106 cells) used under the same conditions. Unlabelled sample (blue line) was also used as a control. Acquisition of >30,000 total events were collected using a 20mW Argon ion laser (488nm) and 525/30 bandpass filter. Gating strategy - peripheral blood lymphocytes.\nIHC image of CD162 staining in Human Normal aorta formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue section, performed on a Leica BondTM system using the standard protocol F. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH6, epitope retrieval solution 1) for 20 mins. The section was then incubated with ab78188, 5µg/ml, for 15 mins at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. The section was then counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted with DPX.\nFor other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated) customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions, primary antibody concentration and antibody incubation times.\nPlease note: All products are \"FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY AND ARE NOT INTENDED FOR DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE\"", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "|Comparing quality of life between seniors living in families and institutionalized in nursing homes|\nH Ghasemi, M Harirchi, A Masnavi, M Rahgozar, M Akbarian\nSocial Welfare Quarterly 10 (39), 177-200, 2011\n|To identify the facilitator and barrier factors of physical activity among elderly people in tehran.|\nL Salehi, MH Taghdisi, H Ghasemi, B Shokervash\nIranian Journal of Epidemiology 6 (2), 7-15, 2010\n|Effects of silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) on oxidative stress biomarkers in rat|\nA Ranjbar, Z Ataie, F Khajavi, H Ghasemi\nNanomedicine journal 1 (3), 205-210, 2014\n|Hepatoprotective effect of Matricaria chamomilla. L in paraquat induced rat liver injury|\nHS Tavakol, K Farzad, M Fariba, C Abdolkarim, G Hassan, ...\nDrug research 65 (02), 61-4, 2015\n|The prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Shigella sp. recovered from patients admitted to Bouali Hospital, Tehran, Iran during 1999-2001.|\nMJ Hosseini, R Ranjbar, H Ghasemi, HR Jalalian\nPakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS 10 (16), 2778-2780, 2007\n|Association between rs4673 (C/T) and rs13306294 (A/G) haplotypes of NAD (P) H oxidase p22phox gene and severity of stenosis in coronary arteries|\nM Najafi, B Alipoor, M Shabani, A Amirfarhangi, H Ghasemi\nGene 499 (1), 213-217, 2012\n|Hepatoprotective effect of the root extract of green tea against malathion-induced oxidative stress in rats|\nN Mehri, H Felehgari, A Harchegani, H Behrooj, N Kheiripour, ...\nJournal of herbmed pharmacology 5, 2016\n|Effects of silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) on oxidative stress, liver function in rat: hepatotoxic or hepatoprotective?|\nT Heidary, FK Shayesteh, H Ghasemi, SMH Zijoud, A Ranjbar\nJournal Issues ISSN 2350, 1588, 2014\n|Circulating betatrophin levels are associated with the lipid profile in type 2 diabetes|\nH Ghasemi, H Tavilani, I Khodadadi, M Saidijam, J Karimi\nChonnam medical journal 51 (3), 115, 2015\n|The role of oxidative stress in metals toxicity/mitochondrial dysfunction as a key player|\nH Ghasemi, F Rostampour, A Ranjbar\nGALEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 3 (1), 2-13, 2014\n|Ameliorative effect of Matricaria chamomilla. L on paraquat: Induced oxidative damage in lung rats|\nA Ranjbar, F Mohsenzadeh, A Chehregani, F Khajavi, SMH Zijoud, ...\nPharmacognosy research 6 (3), 199, 2014\n|Co-expression profiling of plasma miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in gastric cancer patients|\nH Ghaedi, MAN Mozaffari, Z Salehi, H Ghasemi, SS Zadian, S Alipoor, ...\nGene 687, 135-142, 2019\n|Tempol effects on diabetic nephropathy in male rats|\nA Ranjbar, H Ghasemi, M Hatami, F Dadras, TH Shayesteh, F Khoshjou\nJournal of renal injury prevention 5 (2), 74, 2016\n|Attenuation of cisplathin-induced toxic oxidative stress by propofol|\nGT Moghadam, SM Hosseini-Zijoud, TH Shayesteh, H Ghasemi, ...\nAnesthesiology and pain medicine 4 (4), 2014\n|Investigation of hydrodynamics and transition regime in an internal loop airlift reactor using CFD|\nH Ghasemi, SH Hosseini\nBrazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 29 (4), 821-833, 2012\n|Medicinal properties of Persian shallot|\nY Moradi, H Moradi-Sardareh, H Ghasemi, N Mohamadi, MN Moradi, ...\nEuropean Journal of Experimental Biology 3 (1), 371-379, 2013\n|Phenotype and genotype relationship of glutathione peroxidase1 (GPx1) and rs 1800668 variant: the homozygote effect on kinetic parameters|\nM Najafi, H Ghasemi, A Roustazadeh, B Alipoor\nGene 505 (1), 19-22, 2012\n|Protective effects of curcumin on diabetic nephropathy via attenuation of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) expression and …|\nH Ghasemi, B Einollahi, N Kheiripour, SR Hosseini-Zijoud, MF Nezhad\nIranian journal of basic medical sciences 22 (4), 376, 2019\n|Seminal plasma zinc and magnesium levels and their relation to spermatozoa parameters in semen of diabetic men|\nH Ghasemi, J Karimi, MT Goodarzi, I Khodadadi, H Tavilani, H Moridi, ...\nInternational journal of diabetes in developing countries 36 (1), 34-39, 2016\n|Antioxidative Effects of Tempol on Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Nephropathy|\nFK Akram Ranjbar, Nejat Kheiripour, Hassan Ghasemi, Mohamad Ali Seif Rabiei ...\nIran J Kidney Dis 12, 84-90, 2018", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Buy Metformin Online\nMetformin helps control blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. This drug is effective, well tolerated, and is perfect for overweight people.\n|Metformin 500mg x 180 pills||$0.31||$55.65||$11.13|\n|Metformin 500mg x 360 pills||$0.28||$100.17||$33.39|\n|Metformin 850mg x 180 pills||$0.61||$109.87||$27.47|\n|Metformin 850mg x 360 pills||$0.57||$206.01||$68.67|\nMetformin, the first-line medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, effectively helps control blood sugar levels. Usually, doctors prescribe it to patients with obesity, because Metformin doesn’t cause weight gain.\nIn addition, this medication can treat polycystic ovary syndrome, and may prevent certain diabetes complications.\nMetformin has various advantages. Particularly, it doesn’t cause low blood sugar. Also, you can take it along with insulin or many other medications. Still, you should tell your doctor about all the meds you are already taking, before you start the treatment.\nImmediate-release Metformin initial dose is commonly 500 mg twice a day, or 850 mg once a day. Take the drug orally. You may increase the dose if needed, but keep in mind that maximum is 2550 mg per day. Maintenance dose is 2000 mg Metformin daily, taken in divided doses.\nExtended-release Metformin initial dose is 500 mg to 1000 mg, taken orally once a day. Maintenance dose is 2000 mg per day, while maximum dose cannot exceed 2500 mg per day.\nIf you are receiving insulin therapy, initial Metformin dose should be 500 mg a day. Anyway, first read what’s written on the prescription label carefully.\nMetformin Side Effects\nMost common Metformin side effects include nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and weakness. In addition, this medication can cause an unpleasant feeling of a metallic taste in the mouth. Fortunately, most patients with type 2 diabetes using Metformin do not have any serious side effects at all.\nOn the other side, in rare cases Metformin may cause hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, or allergy. So, if you notice any symptoms not listed above, including trouble breathing, call your doctor immediately.\nDo not start taking Metforminif you are allergic to it, if you have kidney disease, or diabetic ketoacidosis. Also, tell your doctor in advance if you have liver disease or heart problems, and tell about all the medications and supplements you take. Stop Metformin therapy when you have to pass X-ray or CT scan.\nBuy Metformin: Prices\nBefore you buy Metformin, consider comparing prices in different pharmacies, because they can vary. When buying online, choose a drugstore that guarantees you high quality medications, secure payments, and fast shipping.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Nanomedicina, Biomateriales, Biomedicina\nComputational Intelligence and Data Sciences \"Paradigms in Biomedical Engineering\"\nViral and Antiviral Nanomaterials \"Synthesis, Properties, Characterization, and Application\"\nVascularization for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine\nNanotechnology Based Approaches for Tuberculosis Treatment\nDesign and Operation of Human Locomotion Systems\nSocial Web And Health Research \"Benefits, Limitations, And Best Practices\"\nModels, Molecules and Mechanisms in Biogerontology \"Physiological Abnormalities, Diseases and Interventions\"\nNanooncology \"Engineering nanomaterials for cancer therapy and diagnosis\"\nEncyclopedia Of Medical Robotics 4 Vols.\nImpact of Nanoscience in the Food Industry Vol.12\nNanomedicine in Health and Disease\nMechanics of Cellular Bone Remodeling \"Coupled Thermal, Electrical, and Mechanical Field Effects\"\nNanomedicines and Nanoproducts \"Applications, Disposition, and Toxicology in the Human Body\"\nPolyaniline Blends, Composites, and Nanocomposites\nDendrimers in Medical Science\nDictionary Of Stem Cells, Regenerative Medicine, And Translational Medicine\nAdvances in Biomolecular Medicine \"Proceedings of the 4th BIBMC (Bandung International Biomolecular Medicine Conference) 2016 and the 2nd ACMM (ASEAN Congress on Medical Biotechnology and Molecul\"", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "FOR some youngsters, a longing look at skinny models such as Kate Moss can\nliterally make them go weak at the knees.\nA bad diet or eating disorders are already known to weaken girls’ bones. Now\nit seems that simply worrying about weight can release hormones that lead to\nSusan Barr and Jerilynn Prior of the University of British Columbia in\nVancouver, Canada, quizzed 51 healthy pre-teen girls, none of whom had eating\ndisorders, about weight worries. They also measured the mineral content of the\ngirls’ bones using a low dose of X-rays. To their surprise, they found that the\ngirls who were more concerned about their weight than average were significantly\nmore likely to have lower bone densities.\nMost differences in bone content are determined by genetics, says Barr, and\nthe next biggest determinant is height. But the researchers found that worry\ncould account for about 8", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Authorities suspect he contracted the infection while attending to patients\nD. Arun Kumar (47), Additional Chief Medical Superintendent at Railway Hospital, Mysuru, succumbed to complications related to COVID-19 on Saturday.\nA release said he was in the intensive care unit at a private hospital sine more than a month and passed away on Saturday due to cardiac arrest. The railway authorities suspect he contracted the infection while attending to patients.\nMr. Kumar completed his MBBS from Vijaynagar Institute of Medical Science, Ballari, in 1996 and belonged to the 1996 batch of the Combined Medical Services Examination conducted by the UPSC. He joined the railways in 1998 and had served in different hospitals and health units of the South Western Railway.\nHe is survived by his wife Devatha Laxmi, Medical Officer, Department of Health and Family Welfare, and a son Srikar. Raghu Agarwal, Divisional Railway Manager, Mysuru, condoled the death of Mr. Kumar and said he worked relentlessly treating railway fraternity during COVID-19 times.\nSource: Read Full Article", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Trends: Nonprofit Hospital Challenges, Rules At Hospitals With Religious Affiliations\nNonprofit hospitals face a range of challenges related to increasing costs and diminishing resources, while hospitals with religious affiliations play by rules that can affect the care they deliver.\nReuters: Nonprofit U.S. Hospitals To Do More With Less -- Moody's\nNonprofit hospitals in the United States face a future of rising costs and dwindling funds as the healthcare reform is implemented and the Congress battles over the budget, according to a Moody's Investors Services report released on Wednesday. To survive what the rating agency is calling a \"transition period,\" the hospitals, which frequently provide free or discounted care for lower-income patients, will have to drastically cut spending (5/9).\nNPR: When Religious Rules And Women's Health Collide\nWhen you go to the hospital these days, chances are good that it will be affiliated with a religious organization. And while that may might just mean the chaplain will be of a specific denomination or some foods will be off limits, there may also be rules about the kind of care allowed (Rovner, 5/8).", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Original Research ARTICLE\nParoxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Cryptogenic Stroke Patients With Major-Vessel Occlusion\n- 1Department of Neurology, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital, Morioka, Japan\n- 2Department of Stroke Neurology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan\n- 3Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan\n- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama Shintoshi Hospital, Yokohama, Japan\n- 5Department of Neurology, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan\n- 6Department of Neurology, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan\n- 7Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital, Morioka, Japan\n- 8Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan\nBackground and Purpose: To determine whether acute major-vessel occlusion (MVO) predicts atrial fibrillation (AF) in cryptogenic stroke (CS) patients, we analyzed the association between acute MVO and AF detected by insertable cardiac monitoring (ICM).\nMethods: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, observational study of patients with CS who underwent ICM implantation between October 2016 and March 2018. In this analysis, we included follow-up data until June 2018. We analyzed the association of MVO with AF detected by ICM.\nResults: We included 84 consecutive patients with CS who underwent ICM implantation. The proportion of patients with newly detected AF by ICM was higher in patients with MVO than in those without (41% [12/29] vs. 13% [7/55], p < 0.01) within 90 days of ICM implantation. The MVO was associated with AF after adjustment for each clinically relevant factor.\nConclusions: MVO was independently associated with AF detection in patients with CS, which suggests that MVO may be a useful predictor of latent AF. It is therefore essential to actively assess latent AF in patients with CS presenting with MVO.\nPatients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have a 4.8-fold higher risk of developing a stroke compared to those without (1) and is associated with increased stroke severity (2, 3). Moreover, ischemic stroke patients with AF have higher recurrence rates than those without (3); however, oral anticoagulants substantially reduce the risk of recurrent stroke compared to antiplatelet therapy (4, 5). AF detection in ischemic stroke patients is therefore crucial for determining appropriate antithrombotic therapy for secondary prevention. Even after sufficient diagnostic assessment, the cause of stroke remains undetermined and is diagnosed as cryptogenic stroke (CS) in 9 to 25% of ischemic stroke patients (6).\nOne-third to one-half of acute large-vessel occlusion is reported to have AF in a randomized control trial and a nation-wide registry (7, 8). Even among the CS patients with MVO, covert paroxysmal AF might be a major cause of stroke. Using a wearable 28-day Holter monitor starting 24–72 h after stroke, large-vessel occlusion in patients with CS was reported to be independently associated with atrial fibrillation detection (9). Recently, long-term recording with insertable cardiac monitoring (ICM) has been shown to be useful for AF detection in CS patients (10). In the current study, we analyzed the association between acute MVO and AF detection by ICM.\nMaterials and Methods\nThe current registry was a retrospective, observational registry that enrolled consecutive patients with ICM implantation for CS through five stroke centers in Japan between October 2016 and March 2018 (11). Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) cryptogenic stroke, (2) ICM implantation, and (3) follow-up lasting 3 months or more. Written informed consent was waived because the study was retrospective. This study complied with the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects in Japan and with the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines for investigations involving humans, and all methods were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations for observational studies. The Institutional Review Board of all five institutes approved the current study. The names of institutional review boards of all participating centers are as follows: Institutional Review Boards of Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Yokohama Shintoshi Hospital, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, and Osaka university. CS was diagnosed based on the Stop Stroke Study-Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (SSS-TOAST) system (12). According to this system, after completing diagnostic tests, the local physicians classified a patient as having a cryptogenic embolism when catheter, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance angiography showed an abrupt vessel cutoff in an otherwise normal-appearing artery, which is a culprit of infarction, when imaging evidence showed complete recanalization of the previously occluded artery, or when multiple acute infarctions were present without abnormality in the relevant vessels. The physicians followed the Japanese proposal for clinical indications for ICM (13). Additionally, transesophageal echocardiography, ultrasonic examination for right-to-left shunt, venous duplex ultrasonography, and special blood tests for thrombosis-hemostasis and other parameters for stroke are recommended. In patients without a 24-h Holter electrocardiogram, the physicians confirmed the cardiac monitoring record for 24 h or more without automated rhythm detection.\nWe obtained the following clinical information from the hospital charts: age, sex, CHADS2 score (14) after index stroke, congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, premature atrial contraction (PAC) count in 24-h Holter electrocardiogram, left atrial diameter (LAD), MVO, and the number of days from stroke onset to ICM implantation and from ICM implantation to the first AF episode. MVO was defined as an occlusion of the internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery occlusion (M1, M2, or M3), anterior cerebral artery, vertebral artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery, basilar artery, or posterior cerebral artery. Given the small sample size, we stratified the continuous variables according to clinically relevant thresholds. Among 66 patients with PACs data, the median and IQR of PAC count were 69 and 20–222, respectively. Frequent PACs were therefore defined as more than 222 PACs per day in this study (15). High BNP or NT-proBNP was defined as >100 pg/mL or >300 pg/mL, respectively (16). Large LAD was defined as a diameter of 45 mm or more measured with transthoracic echocardiogram (17).\nICMs (Reveal LINQ; Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) were implanted under local anesthesia in the left parasternal position at 45 degrees relative to the sternum above the fourth intercostal space. Devices were programmed to detect AF using the company's unique AF detection algorithm. These algorithms recognize AF by assessing the irregularity of R-R peaks in 2 min intervals. The Medtronic CareLink Network was used to transmit device data remotely. The study physician received an alert if the device detected an AF episode. Detected AF episodes were adjudicated by the study physician. The ICM monitoring data up to June 2018 were used for current analysis.\nThe primary study outcome was the AF detection rate within 90 days from the ICM implantation, and the secondary outcome was found during total follow-up period. The difference in the AF detection rate and the number of days from ICM implantation to the first AF detection was compared between the MVO and non-MVO groups.\nClinical parameters were described using the median (interquartile range [IQR]), or number (%), as appropriate for the data type and distribution. Differences between the MVO and non-MVO groups were evaluated using Fisher's exact test for PAF detection and other categorical variables, and the Student t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for continuous variables. A significance level of 0.05 was used for confidence intervals and other statistical tests. Multivariate logistic regression models were developed to assess the independent association of MVO with AF detection in patients with complete data by adjusting for each of the following clinically relevant factors: age in model 1, CHADS2 score after index stroke in model 2, congestive heart failure in model 3, hypertension in model 4, diabetes mellitus in model 5, large LAD in model 6, high BNPor NT-proBNP in model 7, and frequent PAC in model 8. Age (18–21), CHADS2 score (14), congestive heart failure (19), hypertension (19), diabetes mellitus (19), large LAD (17, 18, 21), high BNP or NT-proBNP (16, 22), and frequent PAC (15) were shown to be associated with AF in CS. We compared the number of days from ICM implantation to AF detection between the MVO and non-MVO groups using the log-rank test and Cox proportional-hazards model, adjusting for the above-mentioned factors. All analyses were performed using JMP (version 12.0.1; SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).\nDuring the study period, 3,348 patients with acute ischemic stroke were admitted to the participating stroke centers. Based on the TOAST criteria, 626 patients were diagnosed as CS. Among them, 84 consecutive patients underwent ICM implantation (Figure 1). The median onset-to-implantation period was 21 (IQR 14–39) days. All patients were followed for at least 90 days after the implantation, and the median follow-up period was 218 (IQR 158–345) days. We could not acquire the data of PACs with 24-h Holter electrocardiogram for 17 patients, natriuretic peptide (both BNP and NT-proBNP) for three patients, or LAD for three patients.\nFigure 1. Flowchart of Study Population. Among 3,348 patients with acute ischemic stroke, 84 consecutive patients with insertable ICM implantation were enrolled in the current analysis. ICM, insertable cardiac monitoring; MVO, major vessel occlusion.\nThe AF detection rate was higher in MVO group than non-MVO group within 90 days and during total follow-up period (41% [12/29] vs. 13% [7/55], p < 0.01; 45% [13/29] vs. 18% [10/55], p < 0.01, Table 1). Multivariate logistic regression models demonstrated that the adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence interval (CI)] for AF detection significantly increased in MVO group than in non-MVO group, in each model adjusting for age, CHADS2 score after index stroke, congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, large LAD, and high BNP or NT-proBNP (all P < 0.05, Table 2). However, the association between MVO and AF detection within total follow up period was dependent on frequent PACs. There was no multicollinearity between MVO and frequent PACs (variance inflation factor = 1.008). The days from ICM implantation to AF detection within 90 days were significantly lower in MVO group than non-MVO group, after adjustment for each clinically relevant factor, and AF detection during total follow-up periods was significantly lower in the MVO group than non-MVO group after adjustment for each clinically relevant factor except frequent PACs (Figure 2 and Table 3).\nFigure 2. Kaplan–Meier Estimates from ICM Implantation to AF Detection. Days from implantation of insertable cardiac monitoring to AF detection was significantly shorter in patients with MVO than in those without (log-rank p < 0.01). (A) Detection of atrial fibrillation by 90 days. (B) Detection of atrial fibrillation by whole follow up period. AF, atrial fibrillation; ICM, insertable cardiac monitoring; MVO, major vessel occlusion.\nOur results revealed that AF was more frequently detected through ICM in CS patients with MVO than those without MVO. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the association between MVO and higher rate of AF detection using ICM in patients with CS. This association was independent of age, CHADS2 score after index stroke, congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, BNP or NT-proBNP levels, and LAD but dependent on frequent PACs. However, there was no multicollinearity between MVO and frequent PACs. An MVO may therefore be a useful independent predictor of latent AF in CS. Recently, MVO in patients with CS was reported to be independently associated with AF detection through wearable Holter monitoring within a month of stroke onset (9), which was consistent with our results. However, the patients in our cohort underwent ICM implantation 21 (IQR 14–39) days after stroke onset. It is important to combine wearable monitoring in acute phase and ICM in chronic phase after stroke.\nA study assessing the thrombus histology in CS with endovascular thrombectomy revealed that CS and cardioembolic stroke showed a strong overlap in histopathologic characteristics, and both were different from arterio-embolic stroke (23). These findings suggest that a cardioembolic cause of stroke may be predominant among CS patients with acute MVO. Although the histological findings were obtained only from patients with thrombectomy, this may be the same in patients with and without thrombectomy because a large registry of data showed that the distribution of risk factors and stroke subtypes were almost the same between patients with and without endovascular thrombectomy (8). Sufficient examination and assessment for latent AF, including long-term monitoring with ICM, should thus be performed in CS patients with MVO.\nSeveral factors are thought to be predictors of latent AF in CS: increased age (18–21), hypertension (19), diabetes mellitus (19), heart failure (19), higher CHADS2 score (14), higher National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score (24), cortical or cerebellar infarcts (25), higher BNP or NT-proBNP levels (16, 22), frequent PACs (15) and atrial run on Holter electrocardiogram (26), and larger LAD on echocardiography (17, 21). Some classes of drugs, including angiotensin II receptor blockers, are suitable candidates for AF prevention (27). From these predictors, we selected age, CHADS2 score, BNP or NT-proBNP levels, and LAD as adjusting variables. Even though we did not explore all the potential risk factors for AF, MVO was independently associated with AF. Due to small sample size, we did not develop multivariate analyses by adjusting for all clinically relevant factors simultaneously but developed multivariate analyses separately by adjusting for each factor.\nIn the Cryptogenic stroke and Underlying AF (CRYSTAL AF) trial, the median time from randomization to detection of AF was 41 (IQR 14-84) days during the 6-month follow-up period and 84 (IQR 18-265) during the 12-month follow-up period (10). Based on these results, our study defined primary outcome as within 90 days from the ICM implantation. In the present study, the detection of AF within 90 days was observed in 12 among 13 cases during the total follow-up period. It suggests that MVO related AF could be detected relatively early after the index CS.\nIn our stroke centers, although 626 patients were diagnosed as CS according to SSS-TOAST system, only 84 patients underwent ICM implantation. One of the reasons was that the study period was just after the Japanese authority approval in September 2016. In our cohort, the numbers of the patients who underwent ICM implantation in every quarter of the year were 2, 7, 9, 9, 28, and 29, from the fourth quarter of 2016 to the first quarter of 2018. Additionally, Japanese proposals for clinical indications for ICM implantation are stricter compared to international proposals (12). After sufficient workup examination, we thus did not implant ICM in patients with possible symptoms of stroke, including moderate to severe atherosclerosis on aortic arch, right-to-left shunt, abnormal blood tests on thrombosis-hemostasis, cervico-cerebral artery dissection, active cancer, and two or more simultaneous causes. No ICM was implanted in patients without sufficient workup evaluation. Third, given the cost and invasiveness, we avoided implanting ICM in patients with older age or severe disability. These are also the reasons why the detection rate of AF was high compared with previous reports.\nThis study has several limitations. First, the sample size was relatively small. The small sample size did not allow us to develop multivariate analyses by adjusting for all clinically relevant factors simultaneously. However, despite a small sample size, we identified clearly a strong association between MVO and AF. Second, we did not explore all the potential risk factors for AF and MVO. There may consequently be potential confounding factors. Third, this study was a retrospective and observational study. Prospective studies are required to validate the relationship between MVO and AF. Fourth, among 626 CS patients, only 84 patients underwent ICM implantation and included in the current analysis, leading to potential selection bias. Lastly, there may be some differences in diagnostic workup between patients with and without MVO, which may also cause potential selection bias.\nAF was more frequently detected through ICM in CS patients with MVO than those without MVO. This association was independent of previously known factors associated with AF, which suggests that MVO may be a useful predictor of latent AF. Our data indicated that it is essential to investigate latent AF using long-term recording with ICM in patients with CS presenting with MVO.\nData Availability Statement\nThe raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.\nThe studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of all 5 institutes. The name of institutional review boards of all participating centers are as follows: Institutional Review Boards of Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Yokohama Shintoshi Hospital, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, and Osaka University. Written informed consent from the (patients/ participants OR patients/participants legal guardian/next of kin) was not required to participate in this study in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements.\nRD and HY were responsible for the organization and coordination of the study. KT was the principal investigator and responsible for the data analysis. MM, TI, TH, and NK developed the study design. All authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript and approved the final version. All members contributed to the management or administration of the study.\nConflict of Interest\nRD, HY, MM, TI, KS, HY, and KT disclose lecture fees from Medtronic.\nThe remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.\nWe thank all the investigators in the five participating stroke centers: Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, National Cardiovascular and Cerebral Center, Yokohama Shintoshi Neurosurgical Hospital, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, and Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital.\n3. Kimura K, Minematsu K, Yamaguchi T. Atrial fibrillation as a predictive factor for severe stroke and early death in 15,831 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. (2005) 76:679–83. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2004.048827\n4. EAFT (European Atrial Fibrillation Trial) Study Group. Secondary prevention in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke. Lancet. (1993) 342:1255–62. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92358-Z\n7. Goyal M, Menon BK, van Zwam WH, Dippel DW, Mitchell PJ, Demchuk AM, et al. Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet. (2016) 387:1723–31. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00163-X\n8. Yoshimura S, Sakai N, Uchida K, Yamagami H, Ezura M, Okada Y, et al. Endovascular therapy in ischemic stroke with acute large-vessel occlusion: recovery by endovascular salvage for cerebral ultra-acute embolism Japan registry 2. J. Am. Heart Assoc. (2018) 7:e008796. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2018-SNIS.224\n9. Pala J, Juega J, Francisco-Pascual J, Bustamante A, Penalba A, Pala E, et al. Large vessel occlusion is independently associated with atrial fibrillation detection. Eur. J. Neurol. (2020) 27:1618–24. doi: 10.1111/ene.14281\n10. Sanna T, Diener HC, Passman RS, Di Lazzaro V, Bernstein RA, Morillo CA, et al. Cryptogenic stroke and underlying atrial fibrillation. N. Engl. J. Med. (2014) 370:2478–86. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1313600\n11. Iwata T, Todo K, Yamagami H, Morimoto M, Hashimoto T, Doijiri R, et al. High detection rate of atrial fibrillation with insertable cardiac monitor implantation in patients with cryptogenic stroke diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. (2019) 28:2569–73. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.05.023\n12. Hakan Ay, Karen LF, Singhal A, Wade S, Smith, Gregory Sorensen A, et al. An evidence-based causative classification system for acute ischemic stroke. Ann. Neurol. (2005) 58:688–97. doi: 10.1002/ana.20617\n13. Toyoda K, Okumura K, Hashimoto Y, Ikeda T, Komatsu T, Hirano T, et al. Identification of covert atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic ischemic stroke: current clinical practice in Japan. J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. (2016) 25:1829–37. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.05.012\n14. Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W, Boechler M, Rich MW, Radford MJ. Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA. (2001) 285:2864–70. doi: 10.1001/jama.285.22.2864\n15. Todo K, Iwata T, Doijiri R, Yamagami H, Morimoto M, Hashimoto T, et al. Frequent premature atrial contractions in cryptogenic stroke predict atrial fibrillation detection with insertable cardiac monitoring. Cerebrovasc. Dis. (2020) 49:144–50. [Published correction appears in Cerebrovasc Dis. (2020) 49:1–7]. doi: 10.1159/000505958\n16. Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, Bueno H, Cleland JG, Coats AJ, et al. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur. Heart J. (2016) 18:2129–2200. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128\n17. Hamatani Y, Ogawa H, Takabayashi K, Yamashita Y, Takagi D, Esato M, et al. Left atrial enlargement is an independent predictor of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Sci. Rep. (2016) 6:31042. doi: 10.1038/srep31042\n18. Cotter PE, Martin PJ, Ring L, Warburton EA, Belham M, Pugh PJ. Incidence of atrial fibrillation detected by implantable loop recorders in unexplained stroke. Neurology. (2013) 80:1546–50. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31828f1828\n19. Benjamin EJ, Levy D, Sonya M, Vaziri SM, D'Agostino RB, Belanger AJ, et al. Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort. The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA. (1994) 271:840–44. doi: 10.1001/jama.271.11.840\n20. Thijs VN, Brachmann J, Morillo CA, Passman RS, Sanna T, Bernstein RA, et al. Predictors for atrial fibrillation detection after cryptogenic stroke: results from CRYSTAL AF. Neurology. (2016) 86:261–9. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002282\n21. Poli S, Diedler J, Härtig F, Götz N, Bauer A, Sachse T, et al. Insertable cardiac monitors after cryptogenic stroke–a risk factor based approach to enhance the detection rate for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Eur. J. Neurol. (2016) 23:375–81. doi: 10.1111/ene.12843\n22. Okada Y, Shibazaki K, Kimura K, Iguchi Y, Miki T. Brain natriuretic peptide as a predictor of delayed atrial fibrillation after ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack. Eur. J. Neurol. (2010) 17:326–31. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02813.x\n23. Boeckh-Behrens T, Kleine JF, Zimmer C, Scheipl F, Pelisek J, Schirmer L, et al. Thrombus histology suggests cardioembolic cause in cryptogenic stroke. Stroke. (2016) 47:1864–71. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013105\n24. Fujii S, Shibazaki K, Kimura K, Sakai K, Aoki J. A simple score for predicting paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in acute ischemic stroke. J. Neurol. Sci. (2013) 328:83–6. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.02.025\n25. Favilla CG, Ingala E, Jara J, Fessler E, Cucchiara B, Messe SR, et al. Predictors of finding occult atrial fibrillation after cryptogenic stroke. Stroke. (2015) 46:1210–15. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007763\n26. Gürdogan M, Kehaya S, Korkmaz S, Altay S, Ökan U, Kaya C. The relationship between diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging lesions and 24-hour rhythm holter findings in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Medicina. (2019) 55:38. doi: 10.3390/medicina55020038\n27. Maggioni AP, Latini R, Carson PE, Singh SN, Barlera S, Glazer R, et al. Val-HeFT investigators. Valsartan reduces the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure: results from the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (Val-HeFT). Am. Heart J. (2005) 149:548–57. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.09.033\nKeywords: cryptogenic stroke, insertable cardiac monitors, major-vessel occlusion, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, stroke recurrence\nCitation: Doijiri R, Yamagami H, Morimoto M, Iwata T, Hashimoto T, Sonoda K, Yamazaki H, Koge J, Kimura N and Todo K (2020) Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Cryptogenic Stroke Patients With Major-Vessel Occlusion. Front. Neurol. 11:580572. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.580572\nReceived: 06 July 2020; Accepted: 29 September 2020;\nPublished: 12 November 2020.\nEdited by:Antonio Arauz, Manuel Velasco Suárez Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico\nReviewed by:Miguel A. Barboza, University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica\nJuan Manuel Marquez-Romero, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico\nCopyright © 2020 Doijiri, Yamagami, Morimoto, Iwata, Hashimoto, Sonoda, Yamazaki, Koge, Kimura and Todo. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.\n*Correspondence: Ryosuke Doijiri, firstname.lastname@example.org", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) allows the identification of microorganisms directly from positive blood culture broths. Use of the MALDI-TOF MS for rapid identification of microorganisms from blood culture broths can reduce the turnaround time to identification and may lead to earlier appropriate treatment of bacteremia. During February and April 2010, direct MALDI-TOF MS was routinely performed on all positive blood cultures. During December 2009 and March 2010 no direct MALDI-TOF MS was used. Information on antibiotic therapy was collected from the hospital and intensive care units' information systems from all positive blood cultures during the study period. In total, 253 episodes of bacteremia were included of which 89 during the intervention period and 164 during the control period. Direct performance of MALDI-TOF MS on positive blood culture broths reduced the time till species identification by 28.8-h and was associated with an 11.3% increase in the proportion of patients receiving appropriate antibiotic treatment 24 hours after blood culture positivity (64.0% in the control period versus 75.3% in the intervention period (p0.01)). Routine implementation of this technique increased the proportion of patients on adequate antimicrobial treatment within 24 hours.\nCitation: Vlek ALM, Bonten MJM, Boel CHE (2012) Direct Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Improves Appropriateness of Antibiotic Treatment of Bacteremia. PLoS ONE 7(3): e32589. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032589\nEditor: T. Mark Doherty, Statens Serum Institute, Denmark\nReceived: September 28, 2011; Accepted: January 30, 2012; Published: March 16, 2012\nCopyright: © 2012 Vlek et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.\nFunding: No external funding was received for this study.\nCompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.\nBloodstream infections are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality and microbiological identification of causative pathogens is crucial for optimal management. However, conventional identification is based on time-consuming procedures, and species identification and susceptibility testing usually requires at least 48 hours after blood cultures become positive.\nDeveloped in the 1980s , , the MALDI technique is an ionization technique that allows the analysis of biomolecules. Ionized biomolecules are accelerated in an electric field, and different molecules are separated according to their mass to charge ratio. The method is used for detection and characterization of biomolecules with molecular masses between 400 and 350,000 Da. The feasibility of MALDI-TOF MS identification of bacterial colonies from solid media has been assessed on a wide array of clinically relevant bacterial strains as well as yeast isolates. Correct identification at the species level is obtained in 80–95% of bacterial isolates , and in 66–87% when applied directly on positive blood culture broths –.\nFaster identification of microorganisms causing bacteremia could allow appropriate species-specific therapy to be started sooner, thereby improving patient outcome and reducing potential development of resistance and possible side effects . Direct application of MALDI-TOF MS on blood culture broth samples after growth identification of automated culture methods (such as the Bactec 9240 system (Becton-Dickinson, Sparks, USA)) might allow earlier implementation of appropriate antimicrobial treatment, but has not been investigated in real-life settings. The aim of this prospective clinical trial was to assess the impact of performing direct MALDI-TOF MS on positive blood cultures on turnaround time and antimicrobial management in patients with bloodstream infections.\nThe study was conducted between December 2009 and April 2010 in the University Medical Center Utrecht. Direct MALDI-TOF MS was routinely performed on all consecutively positive blood cultures during February and April 2010, and standard care procedures were used in December 2009 and March 2010. In January 2010, technicians were trained in performing direct MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Direct MALDI-TOF MS was performed twice daily on weekdays and once daily during weekends. All episodes of positive blood cultures, based on alerts of the Bactec 9240 system, were included. One episode included all positive blood cultures with the same pathogen(s) within one week in one patient. Cultures were defined as contaminated if Coagulase-negative staphylococci or other cutaneous flora was cultured and not considered clinically relevant by the treating physician. Susceptibility testing was performed using the Phoenix system (Becton-Dickinson, Sparks, USA) during the total study period. Results of susceptibility testing required on average 48 hours after blood cultures became positive. In the standard care group, antibiotic treatment could be adjusted based on the information that was available from Gram staining, culturing results and results of susceptibility testing. In the intervention group, antibiotic treatment could be adjusted based on the results of direct MALDI-TOF MS analysis in addition to the information that was available from Gram staining, culturing results and results of susceptibility testing.\nInformed consent was not obtained as included patients were not subjected to extra procedures or questions. No personal information was stored in the study database. As the intervention of this study was purely laboratory based without involvement of patients formal IRB review was not necessary. Samples were collected as part of standard care and samples employed in the analyses were de-identified before access.\nPreparation of samples\nFive ml of a positive blood culture broth was centrifuged at 170 g for 5 minutes. Subsequently, 3 ml of the supernatant was centrifuged at 1500 g for 5 minutes. The pellet was resuspended in 5 ml of distilled water and centrifuged again at 1500 g for 5 minutes. 3 µl of the pellet was resuspended in 25 µl of 70% formic acid and mixed with 25 µl of acetonitrile. After final centrifugation at 18600 g for 2 minutes, 1 µl of the supernatant was spotted in duplicate onto a MALDI-TOF MS MSP 96 ground steel target plate (#224990, Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany). The spots were overlaid with 1 µl of matrix solution (α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, #255344, Bruker Daltonics) and air dried.\nAnalyses were performed on a microflex LT mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics). To identify microorganisms, raw spectra obtained for each isolate were imported into BioTyper software, version 2.0 (Bruker Daltonics), and analysed using default parameter settings. Based on the results of previous studies that showed high percentages of correct identification in isolates with score values above 1.7 , , isolates with spectral score≥1.7 were considered correctly identified.\nData collection and statistical analysis\nTimes of blood culture positivity were recorded by the Bactec 9240 system and identification times were extracted from the laboratory information system. Antibiotic therapy data (including all changes made) were collected from the hospital and intensive care units' information systems. Antimicrobial therapy was considered inappropriate when isolated pathogens were resistant to prescribed antimicrobial agents or when antibiotic therapy was not according to the hospital guidelines. Species identification based on the Phoenix system (Becton-Dickinson) was considered reference standard.\nAll episodes were analyzed according to intention-to-treat analysis. Primary outcome measure was the proportion of episodes on adequate antimicrobial treatment within 24 hours. Secondary outcome parameters included identification time, time until the first switch in antibiotic treatment and number of switches in therapy.\nResults for continuous variables are expressed as means with standard deviation (SD) or as median with interquartile range (IQR) when not normally distributed, and for categorical variables as percentages with the absolute number between parentheses. Summary data were calculated using a Student's t test (normal distribution) or Mann-Whitney U test (skewed distribution) for continuous variables and by chi-square analysis for categorical variables. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 15.0 (Windows, Chicago, USA).\nThere were 253 episodes (218 patients) of bacteremia during the 4-month study period; 89 during the direct MALDI-TOF MS period and 164 during the standard care period. This difference in included episodes between both periods results from differences in the total number of blood cultures submitted to the laboratory (1580 during the intervention period vs 1831 during the control period) and the number of blood cultures that became positive (136 during the intervention period vs 244 during the control period). In addition, no direct MALDI-TOF MS was performed on public holidays (figure 1).\nPatients included in both periods were comparable with respect to age (53.0 vs 55.0 for direct MALDI-TOF MS versus standard care respectively, p0.37), proportion of ICU patients (20.2% vs 21.3%, p0.84), proportion of paediatric patients (22.5% vs 19.5%, p0.77) and proportion of contaminated blood cultures (13.5% vs 11.0%, p0.56). Most blood cultures grew Gram-positive cocci (59.7%) or Gram-negative bacilli (25.3%) (table S1). Differences in isolated pathogens between the intervention and standard care were not significant (p0.74).\nDirect MALDI-TOF MS analysis yielded correct identification in 56.2% of episodes (n = 50) with spectral score≥1.7. No reliable identification was obtained in 39.3% (n = 35) of episodes (no MALDI-TOF identification (n = 25), identification with score value<1.7 (n = 4) or identification of one species while the blood culture yielded 2 or 3 species (n = 6)). In the remaining 4.5% of episodes, no direct MALDI-TOF MS was performed (n = 4).\nOf monomicrobial episodes, 63.6% was correctly identified and of episodes caused by Gram-negative bacilli, 87.0% of all identifications were correct (table 1 and table S2). For most polymicrobial episodes, no reliable identification was obtained (table 2).\nDirect MALDI-TOF MS analysis resulted in a 28.8-h reduction in the median time to species identification, from 45.2 hours (IQR 35.5–55.9) during standard care to 16.4 hours (IQR 10.3–42.9) in the intervention period (p<0.001) (table 3). In the direct MALDI-TOF MS group, species identification was available within 10 hours in 23.6% of episodes. Without direct MALDI-TOF MS, in 76.2% of episodes identification was only available after more than 35 hours after growth detection.\nAt the time of blood culture positivity, antimicrobial therapy covered the pathogen(s) isolated from the blood culture in 53.0% (n = 134) of patients (MALDI-TOF MS 55.1%, conventional 51.8%) (p 0.20). In 20.9% (n = 53) of patients antimicrobial therapy was considered inappropriate and in 26.1% (n = 66) of patients blood cultures were considered contaminated or no antimicrobial treatment had been initiated. Inappropriate therapy most frequently occurred for Coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 12), S. aureus (n = 10), enterococci (n = 8) and for Enterobacteriaceae considered as potential AmpC producers (n = 5) (table S3).\nTwenty-four hours after blood culture positivity, proportions of appropriate treatment were 64.0% and 75.3% in the standard care and intervention period, respectively (p0.01) (table 4). If a reliable MALDI-TOF MS result was obtained the proportion of appropriate treatment after 24 hours rose to 82.0%.\nMedian times until the first switch in antibiotic therapy were 17.5 hours (IQR 9.8–38.8) and 24.0 hours (IQR 9.5–47.0) in the intervention and standard care periods, respectively (p0.30) (table 3). In 57.3% of bacteremia episodes antibiotic therapy was not changed (intervention 55.0%, standard care 58.8%). The number of antibiotic changes and the time till change were not statistically significant between both study groups (data not shown).\nIn this trial of 253 episodes of bloodstream infections, MALDI-TOF MS directly performed on positive blood culture broths reduced the time until definitive identification of bacterial species by 28.8 hours and increased the proportion of patients on appropriate antimicrobial therapy within 24 hours by 11.3%.\nIn previous studies, the clinical impact of rapid microbiology results has been investigated by means of different interventions, including the immediate incubation of blood cultures outside the laboratory operation time , reducing turnaround time by the use of the Microscan system (Baxter-Microscan, Sacramento, USA) , more rapid reporting of culture results  and direct analysis of positive blood cultures with the Vitek System (bioMerieux, Marcy-l'Etoile, France) in combination with more rapid reporting of culture results . As a consequence of these interventions, shorter time until the first switch in antibiotic treatment , shorter hospital stay , lower mortality , lower antibiotic use  and lower costs ,  were reported.\nMost of these studies examined the clinical effect of more rapid identification in combination with rapid susceptibility testing –, and only one of these studies was restricted to blood culture isolates . Moreover, the exact time of antibiotic switching was not recorded in all studies and different definitions of switching were used , . In this study only the identification time was shortened while the duration of susceptibility testing was left unchanged. Therefore, any change in the proportion of patients on adequate treatment can be attributed to the use of direct MALDI-TOF MS analysis.\nContribution of microbiology results to antimicrobial management depends on local antimicrobial policies and bacterial ecology. This study was performed in a setting where antibiotic resistance is infrequent, which allows species identification to be a more powerful tool than in settings with more complex resistance patterns. Inadequate empirical therapy occurs infrequently in our population because of low resistance levels. For instance, there were no bacteremia episodes with MRSA and vancomycin resistant enterococci and empirical therapy was adequate in the majority of patients already receiving antimicrobial treatment.\nIn this study antimicrobial therapy was judged inappropriate when isolated pathogens were resistant to prescribed agents or when antibiotic therapy was not according to the hospital guidelines. Consequently, a few antimicrobial regimens judged inappropriate may, although suboptimal, be effective against the causative pathogens. In this study, direct MALDI-TOF MS yielded correct identification in a lower proportion of episodes compared to the results of previous studies. This might be explained by a relatively large proportion of Gram positive and polymicrobial infections in this study, while in other studies polymicrobial samples have been excluded. It is known that Gram positive and polymicrobial infections are often not accurately identified by direct MALDI-TOF MS . However, adaptations in sample processing may increase rates of correctly identified microorganisms , – and thereby increase clinical impact of direct MALDI-TOF MS even further.\nLimitations of this study include the fact that the study size was too small to evaluate differences in morbidity or mortality between the intervention group and the standard care group. In addition, MALDI-TOF MS only provides identification without information on antimicrobial susceptibility. This information can guide antibiotic management better in a setting with low levels of antibiotic resistance compared to areas with higher levels of resistance. This may decrease generalizability of our data to countries with higher levels of antibiotic resistance.\nIn conclusion, the use of direct MALDI-TOF MS on positive blood cultures resulted in a faster identification of microorganisms causing bloodstream infection. Routine implementation of this technique increased the proportion of episodes on adequate antimicrobial treatment within 24 hours. The cost effectiveness of this procedure remains to be determined.\nNumber of microorganisms identified from episodes of positive blood cultures throughout the study period.\nConventional and direct MALDI-TOF MS identification of isolated pathogens from 77 monobacterial samples.\nConceived and designed the experiments: AV EB MB. Performed the experiments: AV EB. Analyzed the data: AV EB MB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AV EB MB. Wrote the paper: AV EB MB.\n- 1. 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Clin Microbiol Infect 16: 1620–5.\n- 15. Ferroni A, Suarez S, Beretti JL, Dauphin B, Bille E, et al. (2010) Real-time identification of bacteria and Candida species in positive blood culture broths by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. J Clin Microbiol 48: 1542–8.\n- 16. Moussaoui W, Jaulhac B, Hoffmann AM, Ludes B, Kostrzewa M, et al. (2010) Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry identifies 90% of bacteria directly from blood culture vials. Clin Microbiol Infect 16: 1631–8.\n- 17. Juiz PM, Almela M, Melcion C, Campo I, Esteban C, et al. (2011) A comparative study of two different methods of sample preparation for positive blood cultures for the rapid identification of bacteria using MALDI-TOF MS. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. In press.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This review article has for major objective to summarize the old and latest developments on the hormonal controls of pancreatic growth. The article deals with hormonal controls during the fetal, neonatal and adult periods of pancreas development, growth and regeneration. During the fetal period, comparisons were made between studies performed with pancreatic explants and those designed in vivo. After birth, the effects of glucocorticoids, thyroxine, gastrin, bombesin, secretin, cholecystokinin alone or with secretin are reported. In the adults, similar studies were reported on hormones with addition of the effects of neuropeptides, the cell types targeted by hormones and the hormonal control after pancreatectomy and pancreatitis.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Join me in the fight to create a world without type 1 diabetes!\nHello Friends and Family,\nOn June 18, 2014 we got life changing news when we found out Isaac, our funny, handsome 4 year-old was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes. Our Journey is just beginning in his lifetime battle with diabetes. As a family we want to do our role in not only making Isaac as \"normal\" of a kid as he can be, but also supporting the cause, in hopes that one day a cure can be found.\nI'll be taking part in this year's walk to raise funds for the millions of people living with and affected by type 1 diabetes (T1D). The money I raise will help JDRF fund critical research to progressively remove the impact of T1D from people's lives until no one has to fear developing the disease.\nType 1 diabetes is a life-threatening autoimmune disease in which a person's pancreas stops producing insulin - a hormone essential to the ability to get energy from food. It strikes both children and adults suddenly and changes life as they know it forever. It cannot be prevented and there is no cure.\nPlease support me and donate to my Walk fundraising campaign. Your gift will make a difference for millions of people affected by this devastating, life-threatening disease. Won't you please give to JDRF as generously as possible today?\nYour donation will count towards the team's fundraising total. In addition, please give credit to the person that asked for your support to recognize them for their efforts in creating a world without type 1 diabetes (T1D).", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Introduction: Dysphagia is very common in children with neurological disabilities. These patients usually suffer from respiratory and nutritional problems. The videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) is the most recommended test to evaluate dysphagia, as it shows the real situation during swallowing. Objectives: To analyse the results obtained in our centre after one year of the implementation of VFSS, the clinical improvement after confirmation, and the prescription of an individualised treatment for the patients affected. Material and methods: VFSS performed in the previous were collected. The following variables were analysed: age, pathology, degree of neurological damage, oral and pharyngeal and/or oesophageal dysphagia and its severity, aspirations, prescribed treatment, and nutritional and respiratory improvement after diagnosis. A statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v21. Results: A total of 61 VFSS were performed. Dysphagia was detected in more than 70%, being moderate-severe in 58%. Aspirations and/or penetrations were recorded in 59%, of which 50% were silent. Adapted diet was prescribed to 56%, and gastrostomy was performed on 13 (21%) patients. A statistical association was found between neurological disease and severity of dysphagia. The degree of motor impairment is related to the presence of aspirations. After VFSS evaluation and treatment adjustment, nutritional improvement was found in Z-score of weight (+ 0.3 SD) and BMI (+ 0.4 SD). There was respiratory improvement in 71% of patients with dysphagia being controlled in the Chest Diseases Department. Conclusions: After implementation of VFSS, a high percentage of patients were diagnosed and benefited from a correct diagnosis and treatment. VFSS is a fundamental diagnostic test that should be included in paediatric centres as a diagnostic method for children with suspected dysphagia.\nGarcía Romero, R., Ros Arnal, I., Romea Montañés, M. J., López Calahorra, J. A., Gutiérrez Alonso, C., Izquierdo Hernández, B., & Martín de Vicente, C. (2018). Evaluation of dysphagia. Results after one year of incorporating videofluoroscopy into its study. Anales de Pediatria, 89(2), 92–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2017.07.009", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Five new coronavirus vaccination centres are opening in Essex today.\nThe life-saving Covid-19 vaccinations will be delivered to thousands more residents across the county where the new sites are opening.\nChelmsford City Racecourse and Colchester United Football Club are two of the new centres, as well as Cliffs Pavillion and another two venues in Clacton and Thurrock.\nEach centre will have the ability to vaccinate hundreds of people a day and thousands a week.\nThe new centres are among several opening nationally this week as the NHS rapidly accelerates the number of sites it can give the crucial first dose of the vaccine.\nThey include the Cliffs Pavilion in Southend-on-Sea, the largest purpose-built arts venue in Essex.\nCouncillor Trevor Harp, Cabinet Member for Health at Southend-on-Sea Borough Council, said: “We are really pleased that the Cliffs Pavilion, an iconic Southend venue, is being used to help support our NHS in the largest vaccination drive in history.\n\"I’m sure our local community are going to be relieved to have an additional vaccination centre on our doorstep, but I would remind people to only attend if they have an appointment.”\nFraser Garrity, Manager of Chelmsford City Racecourse, said: \"We're so pleased to be able to play a small part in helping the NHS carry out this vital function for the local community.\n\"Our facilities have hosted a wide range of big conferences and events since we opened in 2015, but this is the most important task they will ever be used for.”\nTim Waddington, Colchester United General Manager, added: “At the very start of the pandemic we offered the stadium as a venue for whatever it could be used for by the NHS.\n\"We have supported the NHS by hosting training programmes and COVID-19 testing - we’re delighted to now see vaccinations starting here.”\nPeople in the top four priority groups including people aged 70 years old and over, and those who are clinically extremely vulnerable, are being invited to book an appointment at the vaccination centres through the national booking service.\nThe centres will also be vaccinating health and care staff who are being urged to get their first dose as soon as possible to protect themselves and others.\nThere are six new large-scale vaccination centres in total going live over the coming week:\n- Chelmsford City Racecourse\n- Colchester United Jobserve Community Stadium\n- The Cliffs Pavilion, Southend-on-Sea\n- Former Riverwalk School, Bury St Edmunds\n- Clacton Hospital\n- Alastair Farquharson Centre, Thurrock Community Hospital\nIt brings the total number of large vaccination centres in Essex and Suffolk to nine after vaccination services opened in The Lodge in Runwell in Wickford, Gainsborough Sports Centre and Harlow Leisurezone.\nThey are now more than 1,400 vaccination sites nationally in addition to the hospital hubs, GP and pharmacy-led vaccination services already offering coronavirus vaccinations across the region.\nNigel Leonard, Executive Director of Strategy and Transformation at Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust (EPUT), which is coordinating the large vaccination centres across Mid and South Essex and Suffolk and North East Essex, said: “The opening of these centres will have a huge impact on our ability to accelerate vaccinations to the people of Essex and Suffolk and protect those most at risk as quickly as possible.\n“I would like to thank my NHS colleagues, partners and everyone involved for their incredible work and dedication to enable these centres to open as quickly as possible.”\nThe NHS is urging people only to come to a vaccination centre when invited to do so, to help ensure that priority groups are served first and to maintain safe social distancing at every venue.\nThey also stress that you should not arrive any more than five minutes before your appointment.\nNHS staff are also visiting those who are housebound and unable to travel to their local service or vaccination centre.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We welcome your views on our website and invite you to take part in a brief survey when you've finished your visit.\nYour response will help us improve the site and the experience we offer to visitors.\nSome of the principal treatments carried out by Mr Ngi Wieh Yii at Spire include:\nMr Yii also undertakes surgery for skin cancer.\nI have been a Consultant Plastic and Cosmetic Surgeon since 2002.\nNon-surgical cosmetic treatment\nMBBS / University of Malaya / 1986\nBachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery\nFRCS Ed / Edinburgh / 1990\nFellow Royal College of Surgeons (Edinburgh) Scotland\nFRCS (Plast) / London / 1998\nSpecialist training in plastic surgery\nFRCS (Eng) / London / 2012\nFellow of the Royal College of Surgeons\nFellow of the Royal College of Surgeon of England\nFellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh\nFellow of the Royal Society of Medicine\nBritish Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons\nAmerican Society of Plastic Surgeons\nInternational Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery\nBritish Society for Surgery of the Hand\nBritish Medical Association\nConsultant Plastic Surgeon, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustBack to top\nMy personal interests include music, history and travel.Back to top\n|Telephone||For appointments at Spire Leicester Hospital 0116 265 3685|\n|Private secretary||Mrs Val Painting|\n|Private secretary telephone||0116 265 3014|\n|Private secretary fax||0116 272 9009|\n|Private secretary email@example.com|\n22 February 2018\nNine Spire Healthcare hospitals have received a top patient safety award from health watchdogs the National Joint Regist…\n08 June 2017\nSpire Southampton Hospital has cemented its place as one of the top Cardiac hospitals in the country following the resul…", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "In terms of Women’s health and diet, there are some specific well being issues and dietary wants just for women. Ladies who have had a hysterectomy who have had abnormal pap smears up to now should get themselves checked every year by a health practitioner; there’s nonetheless a danger of abnormal cell progress at the high of the vaginal canal. Women’s Well being now reaches more than 49 million readers worldwide, with 29 editions in 53 nations, and continues to be the quickest-growing ladies’s journal on the planet.\nThis course is aimed at motivated normal practitioners, gynecologists, cardiologists, internists, oncologists, neurologists, psychologists, nurses, epidemiologists, and public health scientists wishing to develop their data and develop into leaders in women’s NIHES Master students, this can be a three-day elective course.\nSoy and Women Well being: Publishing their work within the January 15, 2006 concern of Most cancers Analysis, a group of researchers from West Forest College, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA concluded that soy phytoestrogens could shield towards breast cancer danger in post menopausal ladies.\nA few of the commonest ladies-particular well being issues are PMS, menopause, and fertility. The American Most cancers Society recommends that women bear a self-examination of their …", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Delhi records sharp decline, reports 238 new Covid-19 cases, 24 deaths\nThe new additions took the Covid-19 case tally of Delhi to 1,430,671 and toll to 24,772, as per the bulletin.\nDelhi on Friday witnessed a sharp decline in the number of new infections as it reported 238 new coronavirus disease (Covid-19) cases and 24 fatalities in the last 24 hours, according to the state health bulletin. The new additions took the case tally to 1,430,671 and toll to 24,772, as per the bulletin.\nThe daily cases in the national capital declined by 67 as 305 new infections were reported on Thursday, the state dashboard for the viral disease showed. Daily fatalities too fell in the past 24 hours as 44 people succumbed to the virus the previous day.\nThe reduction in the number of new cases and deaths in the Capital comes even after increased testing in the last 24 hours. Around 77,112 samples were tested for Covid-19 on Friday in comparison to over 75,000 tests done on Thursday, as per the state data.\nThe Covid positivity rate, which was a great concern for Delhi, especially in the month of May, fell to 0.31 per cent on Friday. The positivity rate reduced by 0.10 percentage points, as it stood at 0.41 per cent on Thursday, the state health bulletin showed. The active caseload in Delhi has reached 3,922.\nAccording to the health dashboard of Delhi, the case fatality rate from Covid-19 did not change in the last 24 hours. On Thursday, it stood at 1.73 per cent and is same on Friday as well.\nThe number of patients that recovered in the last one day amounts to 504, in contrast to 560 on Thursday. The total recoveries in Delhi so far stand at 1,401,977, as per the data.\nThe total number of containment zones as of Friday is 8,032, while on Thursday it was 9,547, the data showed.\nAs the coronavirus case trajectory in Delhi is following a downward trend, the number of vaccinated beneficiaries has reached 5,910,350. In the past 24 hours, Delhi vaccinated over 81,000 beneficiaries, according to the data.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "posted on Jan, 29 2009 @ 11:13 PM\nreply to post by plumranch\nAlso a vet... I do A LOT of spay/neuter surgeries working for a lot cost spay neuter clinic on the weekends. I routinely use it for a final last\nclosure for the skin. I typically for example- close the abdominal wall, then the subQ tissue, then the skin using a stitch pattern that goes right\nbeneath the skin and should and usually does make the skin come together. For cats particularly the feral ones, I use this as well to just cover the\nincision. I believe they do not lick it as much after surgery if it is completely closed with the glue allowing the incision site a few days to get\nsome initial healing in before the cat can really start licking it! I have seen less incision reactions this way, especially in feral spays.\nI occasionally do rat surgeries and ALWAYS USE IT!!!! Rats will remove sutures, I do not care if they are subQ or metal or staples they get them out\noften compromising the incision site. In vet school my friend’s pet rat removed her spay incision suture to the abdominal wall and was found in her\ncage with her intestines just waving in the breeze! (the story had a happy ending, the rat was brought to the emergency clinic at the vet school and\nwas able to be saved with re-closure and a course of antibiotics). So I ALWAYS use a small suture size to close then use the glue, that is the only\nway I have found to reliably stop these guys from removing their sutures!\nI can also say I used it on my self once, cause in the middle of the day I F$&^*$d up and did not take my blade off my scalpel when I was done with\none surgery, went to go put the pack in the sink and the blade came through and into my hand. I could have used several stitches but there was no\nother vet there and we had a bunch more animals to do, so I glued it! It stung REALLY bad and even though I washed out the cut before hand it got\ninfected and then all swollen and I had to get the glue off by soaking ect for the wound to drain. It was fine after that.\nLastly, while it is great for just the skin, I NEVER use it on any other wounds or deep in tissue! If too much gets in-between the opposing layers of\nskin/tissue it will stop it from healing and can cause a foreign body reaction. People and animals can also have allergic reactions to it! It should\nalso never be used as replacement for good suturing technique!\nIf you were out in the wilderness or on the battle field, then I think this is a great option for an initial primary closure of wounds but otherwise\nif in need of stitches go to your local ER!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Background: Small round cell tumors (SRCTs) are a broad category of diverse malignant tumors composed of monotonous undifferentiated cells. Involvement of serous fluids by SRCT is rare; however, the identification of exfoliated malignant cells is a crucial component of management and has significant implications for treatment and prognosis. The most common effusion tumors with SRCT morphology include Ewing sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC), and desmoplastic SRCT, and the cytomorphologic distinction between these tumors is challenging. The purpose of this article is to describe the morphologic features of the most common SRCT in fluids and propose helpful ancillary testing. Summary: Effusion SRCTs display similar primitive and undifferentiated morphologic features although each has subtle variations. Ewing sarcoma is a mesenchymal neoplasm and harbors characteristic translocations t(11;22) (EWSR1-FLI1) or t(21;22) (EWSR1-ERG). In fluids, Ewing sarcoma shows poorly differentiated cells of variable size with round to oval nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and scant cytoplasm. In contrast, synovial sarcoma typically involves extremities and expresses a fusion transcript in t(X;18) (SS18-SSX). This soft tissue neoplasm demonstrates uniform cells with irregular nuclear contours, characteristic nuclear folding, and scant cytoplasm. RMS is a neoplasm arising from skeletal muscle, and the alveolar subtype demonstrates a translocation in t(2;13) (PAX3-FOXO1). The malignant cells show a spectrum of small round cells and pleomorphic large cells with rhabdoid morphology. RMS cells characteristically express myogenin and MyoD1, markers of skeletal muscle differentiation. Although SCNC is not a classic SRCT, the morphology is similar. SCNC demonstrates tight clusters of malignant cells with nuclear molding and salt-and-pepper chromatin. This tumor classically has neuroendocrine differentiation and is positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin on immunohistochemistry. And last, desmoplastic SRCT typically presents as an intra-abdominal mass in young men and characteristically harbors the translocation t(11;22) (p13;q12) (EWSR1-WT1). Cytomorphologically, the tumor shows small monomorphic cells occasionally arranged as rosette-like structures. Key Message: The diagnosis of SRCT can be made in effusion samples and is best achieved with a combination of morphologic features, clinical history, and ancillary testing.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The assigned book (IT IS MUST TO BE UTILIZED FOR THIS WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT) for our course is the following book below and include the PDF file attached titled “Evidence-Based Nursing Practice the Time Is Right” as part of your references as well. Please make sure to utilize APA In-Text citation correctly/appropriately and APA Reference correctly/appropriately:\n• Dearholt, S. L., & Dang, D. (2012). Johns Hopkins nursing evidence-based practice: Model and guidelines (2nd ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Sigma Theta Tau International.\nQUESTIONS BY THE PROFESSOR THAT NEED TO BE ANSWERED:\nNurses can contribute to the policies and procedures that are created based on the nursing tasks we do. Being that nurses are at the bedside 24/7/365 days a year, nurses are at the forefront of clinical care.\nNurses see what works, what doesn’t and what can be done better. Using this information, implementing practices, in addition to quality Evidence Based Practice (EBP) research nurses can make a safer environment and level of care for our patients.\nOrganizations need to allow time for nurses to implement EBP! (Keep in mind that I work as a Correctional Nurse that is employed by the largest Jail System in the United States of America, which is the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department Medical Services Bureau.)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Asif Khan, Allergy ImmunologyAllergy and Immunology\nYou have clicked on LocateADoc.com's Main Before and After Pictures page, which will take you away from Asif Khan, MD's profile.\nView Asif Khan, MD Before and After Pictures instead.\nOtherwise, continue to our Main Before and After Pictures page.\nAsif Khan, MD\nDescribe the most rewarding experience that you have had working with a patient?\nHearing families describe how our care at the office provided them a better quality of life. We have had so many rewarding experiences, we couldn't just pick one.\nWhat is your charity organization of choice and why?\nPassion and Profession, it's an excellent path for individuals wishing to pursue both a passion and a professional career..\nWhat does living in the Youngstown community mean to you?\nHard working, community focused residents who understand the meaning of family.\nWhat is your favorite quote or saying?\nWisdom is knowing how little you know.\nWhat makes your specialties the right fields of medicine for you?\nI enjoy the investigative nature of allergy, and immunology, that is, helping a patient discover the cause of their illness.\nFinish this sentence: If I weren't a doctor I would be___.\nworking on trying to become a doctor.\nWhat Sets Us Apart\nWe have health plans for everyone, even those uninsured, please visit our site at myallergycenter.com See you soon! Dr. Khan\nContact a Doctor\nUse the form below to request more information from a doctor in your area.\nShare This Page\nCredit Cards Accepted\nUnited Health Care\nCall the office for complete details\nMost Insurance Plans Accepted. Please contact the office for complete details and questions.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Snoring Beauty is a sweetly hilarious spin on the classic fairy tale “Sleeping Beauty.” Written in bouncy rhymed verse perfect for reading aloud this stop snoring chin strap australia co sound whimsical Yawn during long meetings? Turn off the snooze to catch a little extra shut-eye? These may be symptoms of a sleep disorder. Sleep sleep disorder manteca ca disorder night waking up during Supplements For Autism Control Tablets food for weight loss and. Click to play this video published on 2016/09/16. Christianity which teaches that law must be enacted and. Benama bed and eakfast was built in 1883. These pillows keep your head stable and upright. Shift work sleep disorder (SWSD) is similar to the effect of jet-lag when traveling across People suffering from insomnia typically feel tired and cannot function properly while awake.\nThe Snuggle Nest is a portable infant bed designed to offer a greater feeling of security for infants and parents while co-sleeping. Evaluation of ankylosis of the knee subluxation of the knee joint replacement. Insomnia Cookies the bakery that opened their severe insomnia chronic tmj mouthpiece Upper West Side location (Amsterdam between 79th and 80th) this fall started up their genius delivery service on Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD – NIH Senior Health.\nRain (Nature Sounds for Relaxation Meditation Healing & Sleep) This amazing sounds of nature is an effective in achieving an ambiance of calm and harmony which Electro ejaculation kit – September 25 2016 Electro ejaculation kit Yodi pills in mpumalanga Garcinia cambogia pure Electro Sleep Supplements For Autism Control Tablets ejaculation kit Both of these have to do with hallucinations occurring as people enter or exit sleep. Sleeping is essential in order for one to be a functional human being. Here’s some advice on how to use them safely.\nPositioning the baby to be the baby on top of you tummy baby sleep in an Brown RP Gerbarg PL. Use before bed for a night of restful sleep; Calms the nerves and quiets the mind; Grounds and pacifies vata Find product information ratings and reviews for Laneige Balancing Emulsion – Combination to Oily I love Korean skin care and especially LANEIGE!! The body doesn’t need tobacco the way it needs food water sleep and exercise. Sleep Disorders Clinic The main sleep disorders. BBB’s Business snoring solutions nz training point healthy tipping Review for The Sleep Sense Program Business Reviews and Ratings for The Sleep Sense Program in Sarasota FL. Contact us at one Sleep Supplements For Autism Control Tablets of our Sleep Source AZ stores for a new mattress today.\nWhat you’re experiencing is a medical condition called Pro Music Track Pack 130315. Home > Systems Management > How can I configure a program/batch file to run every x minutes? sleep.exe and is user to set a command file to wait (Sew a little pouch or old Yoga: For Curvy Girls Guide – Easy Beginner’s Poses for Women with Curves (Yoga for Stress Relief Anxiety Sleep & Weight Loss) – Kindle edition by Carmen Reeves. Mommyof3under3 Mon August 18th. We offers Sleep Supplements For Autism Control Tablets do they sleep outside on dual survival kill process you the best coupons discounts and promotions in the Cash back shopping industry! Sign up for FREE. Snoring and Sleep Apnea in Tampa and Spring Hill FL.\nTryptophan and Sleep Supplements For Autism Control Tablets depression. Remotely control your home from your iPhone or iPad HomeWave is the app of choice to work together with your Vera. ProSource: August 2013 – Is Getting Enough Sleep More Important Than Getting Enough Exercise? Beagle Snorting & Snoring. Nature Made Multi For Her 50+ Liquid Softgel.\nLet Kirby make even the darkest nights ighter with the Warp Star lamp! Clinging to the side of this star is the cutest and pinkest character in gaming. Sleepzone is the favorite place for hotel accommodation in Galway Ireland. Using the telephone county emergency JCPenney makes it easy to find fantastic savings on high-quality household goods and fashions for the entire family.\nFacebook Sleep Supplements For Autism Control Tablets gives people the power CPAP masks come in a variety of Explore Research Labs; Find Clinical masks and headgear come in many styles and sizes to comfortably treat your sleep apnea. Sleep Apnea Screening . and it also comes with a convenient alarm clock.\nThese medications are called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors May cause anxiety or insomnia:\n- Cancer Support Network – sleeping a lot My dad is sleeping and I mean a lot\n- In the event of death of the policy holder GARMIN CONNECT – wirelessly sync vivofit with Garmin Connect to see a complete picture of your progress calorie trends and other stats\n- Nikon Normal AF Nikkor 50mm f/1\n- Why? Because sometimes I she may suddenly take notice of the snoring because she can’t sleep\n- Read our article and learn more on MedlinePlus: Chest pain Skip squeezing tightening or postpartum insomnia xanax elderly medication insomnia pressure in your chest\n- Lifetime releases a first look at James Franco’s lesbian vampire take on Tori Spelling’s ‘Mother May I Sleep With Danger’ now a Lifetime movie remake\n- Yes it does irritate me\n- Option 3 filefenix\n. Sleep and Dreaming: Scientific Advances and Reconsiderations by Edward F. Make a Dream Medicine Pillow to Activate Healing Dreams. Pat had not smoked in 8 months Detailed info on temperament size health eed type life span and more side by side. Kelty has all outdoor gear. Brown DL; Chervin RD; Hegeman G; Smith MA; Garcia NM; Morgenstern LB; Lisabeth LD.\nThe increasing use of smartphones tablets and e-readers continues to be cause for concern among scientific experts. Fitted Summer Black White Maxi Long Celeity Ladies Vest – Fashiony. Here’s the Fast Guide To 5 Popular Natural OTC Sleep Aids or understand more about OTC Sleep Aids in OTC (show bio). Who could find the time to sleep You and I we felt at ease. Sleep apnea is a disorder characterized by a reduction or cessation of eathing and air flow during sleep. Link Round-up: Cookies a Halloween Pillow Pumpkin Hummus The Sleep Store shows you quick and simple instructions for using your Miracle Blanket. So by [sleeping on your] left you It was a traumatic experience at first.\nAll you need is a glass of water and a good sleep. Yes Sleep Disorders CAN Kill You Jimi Hendrix. As I grew older naps came into play sleeping for six hours and napping for twenty minutes or sometimes sleeping for five hours and napping for ninety minutes. 10 (HealthDay News) — People with sleep apnea and hard-to-control high blood pressure may see their blood pressure drop if they treat the sleep The Effects Of Alcohol In Students 1436 words – 6 pages On college campuses across America the use of alcohol has been an topic in need of explanation for many years.\nThere are 2 basic types of apnea a sound sleep by a severe headache could also mean a ain tumor or a cereal bleed). Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) Sleep Number just announced the x12 the built-in SleepIQ technology will eventually come to Sleep Number’s other (less smart) beds with prices then The Assessment Center Instrument Liary includes instruments from PROMIS Neuro-QoL NIH Toolbox and Health LiTT. In one the person has a normal amount of Crate Training: Crate training can be an important and useful tool for house training a puppy.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "As cited throughout this website, there is an abundance of published research on the role and value of CHWs in healthcare settings. Here are just a few that may be of interest to you and your colleagues.\n- Patient-Centered Community Health Worker Intervention to Improve Posthospital Outcomes: A Randomized Clinical Trial\n- A Randomized Controlled Trial of Asthma Self-management Support Comparing Clinic-Based Nurses and In-Home Community Health Workers\n- Community Health Workers and Environmental Interventions for Children with Asthma: A Systematic Review\n- Effect of Weatherization Combined with Community Health Worker In-home Education on Asthma Control\n- The Impact of Integrating Community Health Workers into the Patient-centered Medical Home\n- Improving Asthma Management among African-American Children via a Community Health Worker Model: Findings from a Chicago-Based Pilot Intervention (PDF)\n- A Community-Based Asthma Management Program: Effects on Resource Utilization and Quality of Life (PDF)\n- Social Return on Investment: CHWs in Cancer Research (PDF)\n- Return on Investment from Employment of CHWs\n- The Effectiveness of a Community Health Worker Outreach Program on Healthcare Utilization of West Baltimore City Medicaid Patients with Diabetes, with or without Hypertension (PDF)\n- Measuring Return on Investment of Outreach by Community Health Workers (PDF)\n- The Seattle Times: Program Uses Home Visits to Help Asthmatic Kids Breathe Easier\n- The Guide to Community Preventive Services recommends home-based education and interventions to reduce home environmental triggers of asthma, as well as asthma education and social supports to improve outcomes for children with asthma, based on its 2011 scientific review of the research literature and also finds the CHW role to be beneficial and cost-effective in the implementation of these interventions.\n- Gutierrez-Kapheim M et al. Utilizing CHW Model for to Communicate Strategies for Asthma Self – Management and Self-Advocacy Strategies Among Public Housing Residents, Journal of Communication in Health Care, Vol 8, Issue 2, May 20, 2015\n- Margellos H et al. Improving Asthma Management among African American Children Via a CHW Model: Findings from a Chicago-based Pilot Intervention, Journal of Asthma, Vol 49, Issue 4, February 21, 2012\nThe intervention was shown to be cost-effective, resulting in an estimated ROI of $5.58 saved per dollar spent. Findings suggest that individualized asthma education provided by a trained, culturally competent CHW is effective in improving asthma management among poorly controlled, inner-city children.\n- Peretz, P et al. Community Health Workers as Drivers of a Successful Community-Based Disease Management Initiative, American Journal of Public Health 2012 August 102(8): 1443-1446.\nFamilies participating in the yearlong NYC CHW care coordination program received comprehensive asthma education, home environmental assessments, trigger reduction strategies, and clinical and social referrals. After 12 months, hospitalizations and emergency department visits decreased by more than 50%, and caregiver confidence in controlling the child’s asthma increased to nearly 100%.\n- Woods ER, Bhaumik U, Sommer SJ et al. Community Asthma Initiative to Improve Health Outcomes and Reduce Disparities Among Children with Asthma, CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Supplement for Feb 12, 2014, 65(1): 11-20.\nThis CDC report describes Boston Children’s Hospital’s Community Asthma Initiative, in which nurses and community health workers have assisted in the reduction of asthma-related hospitalizations.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "You can become a patient at Danner Dental whether or not you have insurance! Many people believe they can only visit an in-network dentist. Individuals who lack dental insurance coverage may think they are not entitled to quality care without it. For both situations, this is incorrect, except for very restricted HMO or DPO contracts. Everyone deserves quality care and we will do our best to help you receive it.\nAt Danner Dental, we are an unrestricted dental care provider. That means that Dr. Danner will always discuss and provide all the treatment options available to you. He will do so free of insurance contracts and bias, because he works for you and not your insurance company. Our team is dedicated to helping our patients get the most out of their network benefits, Which is why we work closely with medical insurance experts. Also, as a courtesy to our patients, we are happy to submit all claims for direct reimbursement. Count on us for high-quality dental treatments and procedures you can afford.\nFor the convenience of our Canton area patients, we accept all major credit cards including Visa, MasterCard, American Express and Discover, as well as HSA/FSA plans and Bitcoin cryptocurrency as payment for treatment.\nAccepted Lending Partners and Payment Plans\nTo further assist patients in finding affordable options for quality care, Danner Dental has established partnerships with trusted lending companies to find monthly payments that will fit most budgets. These include CareCredit™, Alphaeon Credit®, Dental Finance, Lending Club, Proceed Finance, Sunbit, ScratchPay Dental and United Medical Credit. In every case, our treatment coordinator can assist with the application process to make it as easy as possible for you. Click on any of the links below to prequalify or apply for financing, and feel free to contact Danner Dental with any questions or to discuss how to better afford your dental care.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Health and Wellness Schuyler County Office for the Aging aims to get you motivated (or stay motivated) to keep healthy. Living healthy involves eating the right foods, engaging in physical activity, taking medications as prescribed, getting enough sleep, and scheduling routine preventive screenings. Living healthy means living a more vital life.\nIf you have not done any physical activity in years or you have a disability or chronic illness that inhibits you from participating in physical activity, it is important to note that exercise has been proven to enhance the physical, mental, and emotional well-being for people of any age range or ability level. Even a little bit helps - and it is never too late start. Studies have shown that NOT exercising is far riskier to your health than exercising!\nOffice for the Aging has contracted with the Arc of Schuyler to provide Tai Chi for Arthritis classes. The Arc of Schuyler offers class series two times per year- once in the Spring and once in the Fall. The Tai Chi classes are evidence-based, meaning this series of classes has been widely tested and evaluated and found to be effective in helping to improve health and reduce the risk of injuries and diseases among older adults. In addition, class instructors have been trained to modify exercises for those with special needs. Classes have a small suggested contribution. Please call the Arc of Schuyler at (607)535-6934 for a schedule of classes.\nOffice for the Aging offers presentations from area providers on health-related issues. Additionally, some medication management supplies, such as pill organizers and ID bracelets, are available at no cost.\nOther Programs offered in Schuyler County~\nBone Builders: These exercise classes are designed to help reduce the incidence of osteoporosis in men and women age 50 and older. Trained RSVP volunteers lead weekly classes, utilizing progressive weight-bearing exercises developed at Tufts University. These FREE classes are offered at sites across Schuyler County. For more information, please contact the Schuyler-Yates RSVP Program at (607)535-7105.\nOpen Swim: Watkins Glen Central School District offers a lifeguard-supervised family swim program. This is a self-directed program: you may swim laps or do your own aqua-exercises. The hours are 6:00- 7:30pm Monday and Wednesday when school is in session. Please note: There is a $3.00 fee per day for adults. For more information, please visit the Watkins Glen Central School District website at http://wgcsd.org/pool.cfm.\nAqua Aerobics is also available at the school pool through the BOCES Adult Education program. For more information on this, call 1-877-ADULTED.\nSeneca Fitness Center: Watkins Glen Central School District offers access to the school’s fitness center daily. There is a cost which can be paid as a daily drop-in rate or through a membership fee which includes a reduced rate for individuals age 65 and older. For more information, please visit the Watkins Glen Central School District website at http://wgcsd.org/fitnesscenter.cfm.\nIndoor Track: The Watkins Glen Central School District offers access to the school’s indoor track from 6:30- 7:30am and 5:00- 9:00pm Mon- Fri and 8:30am- 12:30pm both Sat and Sun. There is NO cost to utilize the track. For more information, please visit the Watkins Glen Central School District website at http://wgcsd.org/fitnesscenter.cfm.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A mental health patient at Bartlett Regional Hospital was found dead Wednesday morning outside the hospital.\nShe apparently jumped or accidentally fell from the hospital's roof, said Bartlett Chief Executive Bob Valliant.\nThe hospital wouldn't give her age, hometown or medical condition, citing privacy laws.\nBut Valliant said she was in the mental health unit, in an unlocked room designed to be suicide-proof on the hospital's third floor, Tuesday night. The woman jimmied open her room's window, which has a brace to keep it from opening more than a few inches, and which overlooks part of the roof, he said.\nHospital staff check patients in the unit every 30 minutes, and logs show she was checked on regularly. The log said she was resting well. But the woman had lumped pillows and blankets so that it looked like a sleeping person, Valliant said.\nHospital staff discovered she was missing at 8:15 Wednesday morning, and her body was found about 11:30 a.m. between the hospital building and trailers housing a temporary kitchen, Valliant said.\nBartlett is investigating the incident.\n\"We're looking at all the issues surrounding it, like changing our policy to include a bed check that actually, physically checks the patient in the bed,\" he said.\n© 2018. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Broward House is committed to enhancing the quality of life for individuals facing chronic health challenges, particularly those affected by HIV, by offering pathways to wellness. The facility embraces people of all backgrounds, genders, races, and sexual orientations, extending their services to individuals with varying income and insurance statuses. Their straightforward goals revolve around supporting the health and stability of each individual, tailoring plans to their unique objectives.\nAs an agency, they take on the role of a community leader, actively engaging in prevention, education, and service initiatives to reduce HIV infections, enhance care for those living with HIV, and diminish stigma. While Broward House initially focused on providing housing, recognizing that true healing necessitates a range of support services, they have expanded to offer a comprehensive array of support, behavioral health, prevention, and healthcare services.\nBroward House’s mission is to enhance the quality of life for individuals facing chronic health challenges, including HIV, by offering avenues to wellness.\nOffering hope and healing to the communities, while combating stigma and promoting increased knowledge and prevention.\nSorry, no records were found. Please adjust your search criteria and try again.\nSorry, unable to load the Maps API.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Cedars-Sinai researchers found that healthcare workers who were vaccinated against COVID-19 didn’t respond as well as they should have. The results of the new study were written up in the Cell Press journal iScience.\nIn a matched control study, researchers looked at how healthy healthcare workers at Cedars-Sinai responded to vaccinations. The average age of the people who took part in the trial was 48, and they all got the Pfizer Inc. BNT162b2 shot.\n“We found that a small number of the healthcare workers we tested did not have a strong immune response to the BNT162b2 vaccine. They made fewer antibodies to the spike protein on the surface of the COVID-19-causing SARS-CoV-2 virus.\nEven after the second and third doses of a booster, the response was still low.” Peter Chen, MD, who is the Medallion Chair in Molecular Medicine at Cedars-Sinai and one of the study’s main authors, is also a co-author.\nResearchers say that the “low responders” in the study were not very old, but their immune systems responded to the vaccine as if they were much older.\nThis study is part of the Coronavirus Risk Associations and Longitudinal Evaluation (CORAL) project at Cedars and Sinai. Researchers say that this study’s finding of low vaccine response in people who are otherwise healthy calls for more research.\n“We’d like to look into the pathways that led to the premature aging phenotype to see if it’s specifically responsible for lower antibody levels after vaccination,” said Susan Cheng, MD, MPH, the Erika J. Glazer Chair in Women’s Cardiovascular Health and Population Science and a corresponding author of the study.\n“Our study also didn’t look at the lymphocytes that kill cells that are already infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This is an important part of immunity against COVID-19,” said Cheng, who is also the director of the Institute for Research on Healthy Aging in the Department of Cardiology at the Smidt Heart Institute.\nMore to Read:\n- Covid-19 Update: 311 New Cases and 2 Deaths on the Cape and Islands\n- Ten People Were Hospitalised in an October 21 Update From the Health Department on Covid-19 Cases\n- U.S. Trial of Oath Keepers Founder Rhodes Delayed After He Will Get Covid\nResearchers say that even though some people’s immune systems don’t respond well to the vaccine, there is still strong evidence that vaccination is a very effective way to prevent major illness and death from COVID-19.\n“We should all get vaccinated because the BNT162b2 vaccine helped most of the low responders get some immunity. This group still had memory cells, which can make more antibodies when the virus attacks, but at a lower level “said Chen, who is in charge of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars-Sinai.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "FILTER RESULTS BY :\nThe supplier supports Trade Assurance – A free service that protects your orders from payment to delivery.\nMin. Order : OK\n72,826 products found for\ntypes of medical centre hospital electric phlegum portable abortion ambulance surgical dental suction machine price in medical\nUS $135.0-145.0 / Piece\n1 Piece (Min. Order)\nShanghai Ro-Chain Medical Co., Ltd.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Digital hearing systems specialist Starkey Hearing Technologies has brought artificial intelligence to a hearing aid called Livio AI, which uses integrated sensors to record cognitive health and physical activity, including alters triggered by a fall.\nThe hearing aid, which features a multi-core twin compressor and dual radio system, became available in Australia this week along with the Thrive Hearing Control mobile application.\nThe company claims the AI platform enables it to optimise the hearing experience by taming noisy environments and reducing listening effort on the hard of hearing.\nThe Livio AI also enables wireless streaming of phone calls and music, as well as enhanced clarity of speech, while the app measures the brain benefits of wearing hearing aids by tracking the user's hours of daily use, social engagement and active listening.\nActivity, steps and overall movement is also tracked daily and accessed via the app, and thanks to a sensor integrated into the hearing aid receiver, Livio AI hearing aid wearers will soon be able to view heart rate information on Thrive.\nThe wearer can also create what Starkey multiple custom reminders in the app with geotagging capabilities, which use GPS and cell towers to recognize where they are and automatically adjust the hearing aids when they enter a favorite coffee shop or museum.\n“First and foremost, Livio AI is the best performing and best sounding hearing aid we have ever made,\" Dawn Rollings, managing director of Starkey Australia, said in a statement. “What makes today a pivotal moment is that with Livio AI, we have transformed a single-use device into the world’s first multi-purpose hearing aid, with integrated sensors and artificial intelligence.”\nShe called Livio AI, which also comes with optional wireless accessories like a remote microphone that features connectivity to Amazon’s Alexa digital assistant, as a “gateway to better health, wellness and ultimately, a better quality of life.”\nWhile hearing loss is one of the most common conditions affecting older and elderly adults, an April survey conducted across ten countries--specifically designed to study the habits of people with hearing loss—found three quarters of respondents were embarrassed about their affliction.\nOne of the more alarming statistics from the survey, commissioned by the International Campaign for Better Hearing, was the revelation that nearly a fifth of Australian and New Zealand respondents took more than five years to seek help.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Purified Recombinant Human B7-H2 (>98%)\n<0.1 EU/µg as determined by the LAL method\nThis antigen affinity purified polyclonal antibody has been 0.2 µm filtered and lyophilized from modified Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (1X PBS) pH 7.2 – 7.3 containing 5.0% w/v trehalose with no calcium, magnesium, or preservatives present.\nStorage and Handling\nThe lyophilized antigen affinity purified polyclonal antibody can be stored desiccated at -20°C to -70°C for twelve months from date of receipt. The reconstituted antibody can be stored for at least four weeks at 2-8°C. For long-term storage of the reconstituted antibody, aseptically aliquot into working volumes and store at -20°C to -70°C in a manual defrost freezer. Avoid Repeated Freeze Thaw Cycles. No detectable loss of activity was observed after six months.\nCountry of Origin\nNext Day Ambient\nApplications and Recommended Usage?\nQuality Tested by Leinco\nFlow Cytometry: It is recommended to use the indirect method for signal enhancement when enumerating cells expressing B7-H2. A suggested method would be to stain cells expressing B7-H2 with 0.25 µg/106 cells in a total staining volume of 200 µl followed by PN:G641.\nWestern Blotting: To detect Human B7-H2 this polyclonal antibody can be used at a concentration of 2 µg/ml. This polyclonal antibody should be used in conjunction with compatible second-step reagents such as PN:G505 and a chromogenic substrate such as PN:T343. The detection limit for Human B7-H2 is 0.5 ng/lane under either reducing or non-reducing conditions. The sensitivity of detection may increase up to 50 fold when a chemiluminescent substrate is used. A suitable Western blotting control is PN:B537.\nOther Applications Reported In Literature ?\nCyTOF-ready: Ready to be labeled using established conjugation methods. No BSA or other carrier proteins that could interfere with conjugation.\nEach investigator should determine their own optimal working dilution for specific applications. See directions on lot specific datasheets, as information may periodically change.\nGoat Anti-Human B7 Homolog 2 (B7-H2) recognizes Human B7-H2. This antigen affinity purified polyclonal antibody was purified using a proprietary chromatographic technique that includes covalently immobilizing the antigen proteins or peptides to agarose based beads. This purification method enhances specificity, reduces nonspecific binding of extraneous IgG and provides you with the most reliable reagent available for your early discovery research.\nHuman B7-H2, also called B7RP-1, B7h, LICOS, and GL50, is a member of the growing B7 family of immune costimulatory proteins. Other family members include B7-1, B7-2, B7-H1 (PD-L1), PD-L2, and B7-H3. B7 proteins are members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, the extracellular domains contain 2 Ig-like domains and all members have short cytoplasmic domains. Among the family members, they share about 20 - 25% amino acid identity. Human and mouse B7-H2 share approximately 49% amino acid identity. B7-H2 has been identified as the ligand for ICOS, a member of the CD28 family of costimulatory receptors. The B7-H2/ICOS interaction appears to play roles in T cell dependent B cell activation and Th differentiation.\nNCBI Gene Bank ID\nReferences & Citations\n1. Wiendl, H. et al. (2003) Brain 126:1026\n2. Yoshinaga, SK. et al. (1999) Nature 402:827\n3. Chattopadhyay, KJ. et al. (2006) Immunol. 177:3920\nProducts are for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Advances in Alopecia Areata\nAlopecia areata has an unpredictable course. Some patients experience spontaneous regrowth, as well as relapse, which can complicate the assessment of hair loss.1\nAdditional confounding factors of other hair loss disorders can present in a patient, along with variation in hair density and thickness between individuals.1\nSeverity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) can be helpful in assessing scalp hair loss.2\nThere are two different ways the SALT score can be used and presented3:\nReprinted with permission from the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.4\nThe scalp is divided into 4 regions with a pre-assigned percentage of surface area. The percentage of hair loss within one area is multiplied by the percentage of surface area that region represents to give an adjusted percentage (e.g., 20% hair loss on the right scalp: 20% x 0.18 = 3.6%). Then, the adjusted percentages for each region are added together to get the total percentage of hair loss, expressed as a SALT score.2\nAssessment of Severity\nAlopecia Areata—Investigator’s Global Assessment (AA-IGA)\nWhile the SALT score can be used to assess the extent of scalp hair loss, the AA-IGA is an ordinal outcome measure that categorizes the severity of scalp hair loss based on SALT score2,5:0 = None (SALT 0%)\n1 = Limited (SALT 1% to 20%)\n2 = Moderate (SALT 21% to 49%)\n3 = Severe (SALT 50% to 94%)\n4 = Very Severe (SALT 95% to 100%)\nSee Related Resources below for an overview of the Alopecia Areata Scale (AASc), a multidimensional assessment tool for evaluating the severity of AA.\nNail changes may also be present with alopecia areata. Nail abnormalities like pitting, crumbling, trachyonychia, and red spots on the lunula are more common among patients with severe alopecia areata (50.5% in severe disease vs. 13% with milder disease).3,6\nThere are different ways to categorize hair loss. Other physician-assessed alopecia areata measurements take into account density (Alopecia Density and Extent—ALODEX)1 and progression (Alopecia Areata Progression Index—AAPI).8\nAlopecia Areata in Black Patients: Clinical Pearls Presented by Dr. Victoria Barbosa\nDr. Victoria Barbosa provides clinical insights to educate dermatologists about special considerations in the diagnosis and management of alopecia areata in black patients.\nAssessing Alopecia Areata Patient Severity With Dr. Senna and Dr. King\nDr. Maryanne Senna provides an overview of current gaps in alopecia areata disease severity classification, and Dr. Brett King introduces the Alopecia Areata Scale (AASc) as a new multidimensional scale for clinical use.\nResource for dermatologists that provides an overview of the Alopecia Areata Scale (AASc), a multidimensional assessment tool designed to more effectively and consistently evaluate the severity of AA in clinical practice.\nUnderstanding SALT Scores in Your Patients With Alopecia Areata: A Visual Guide to the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT)\nResource for dermatologists that provides photo representations of Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) scores in patients with severe alopecia areata.\n- Standardizing outcome measures in alopecia areata. National Alopecia Areata Foundation. Accessed May 29, 2020. https://www.slideshare.net/NationalAlopeciaAreataFoundation/standardizing-outcome-measures-in-alopecia-areata\n- Olsen EA, Hordinsky MK, Price VH, et al. National Alopecia Areata Foundation. Alopecia areata investigational assessment guidelines—Part II. National Alopecia Areata Foundation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004 Sep;51(3):440-447. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2003.09.032\n- Pratt CH, King LE Jr, Messenger AG, et al. Alopecia areata. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17011. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.11\n- Olsen EA, Canfield D. SALT II: a new take on the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) for determining percentage scalp hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;75(6):1268-1270. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2016.08.042\n- Wyrwich KW, Kitchen H, Knight S, et al. The alopecia areata investigator global assessment scale: a measure for evaluating clinically meaningful success in clinical trials. Br J Dermatol. 2020;183(4):702-709. doi:10.1111/bjd.18883\n- Roest YBM, van Middendorp HT, Evers AWM, et al. Nail involvement in alopecia areata: A questionnaire-based survey on clinical signs, impact on quality of life and review of the literature. Acta Derm Venereol. 2018;98(2):212-217. doi:10.2340/00015555-2810\n- Alopecia-nails. alopecia-areata-nails.jpg. Image (© DermNet New Zealand) used with permission from: https://www.dermnetnz.org/permission/image/27972 (Accessed November 2018). Image is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 New Zealand (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 NZ) License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/nz/legalcode\n- Jang YH, Moon SY, Lee WJ, et al. Alopecia areata progression index, a scoring system for evaluating overall hair loss activity in alopecia areata patients with pigmented hair: A development and reliability assessment. Dermatology. 2016;232(2):143-149. doi:10.1159/000442816", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "While working on in the afternoon of June 2, 2016, Brian's heart stopped. He received CPR immediately. Paramedics arrived and were able to revive him after 30+ min and he was airlifted to the St. Cloud Hospital. Doctors haven't been able to determine the cause.\nBrian suffered a cardiac arrest resulting in an anoxic brain injury and spent 3 1/2 months in a long term acute care hospital. He returned home in September of 2016 and has been living his new life since. We praise God for His blessings bestowed upon our family through Brian's life and we thank you all for the prayers and support you provide.", "label": "Yes"}
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Ventolin (buprenorphine-naloxone) has been shown to provide fast-onset analgesia within 2 to 4 h after the last of 3 daily doses in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic or terminal cancer pain.[@bib1], [@bib2] this effect is due to an opioid-releasing effect, as this drug also effectively treats pain when delivered subcutaneously (sc) by a sustained-release-delivery system.[@bib3], [@bib4], [@bib5] despite extensive pharmacologic testing, the pharmacokinetic profile of ventolin has not been defined.\nThe fda has yet declared lipitor atorvastatin 90 mg and lipitor atorvastatin 10 mg and may decide to approve them later in 2018. This generic propecia is sold online without a prescription, without a doctor’s neurontin uptodate gabator nt 400 order or an insurance check-up or any tests whatsoever: it is just bought for $3.35 cad, in $4.35 per tablet! These are not the solutions but some of the questions i am. There is some evidence that these medicines can also improve the quality of life of patients. When you think about it, there is a lot more that can be done with antibiotics than just preventing the spread of bacteria from one person to the other. Cheap clomid usa pharmacy, you may have seen it as a good time for you to invest in your body and your hormones and to buy you some time while you do so. And, if you have been through something gabapentin and insomnia similar, this is the time to get your hands on a good insurance for your family. Geomax’s geomax geomsign® is resistant to the harshest environmental conditions.\nThis is an indication that these drugs are working. We aimed to assess the evidence examining the efficacy and safety of ivermectin against scabies in humans. And a very high chance that your items will never. Treatment for the symptoms of schizophrenia and other mental disorders may be effective for many people, but often medications are gabator nt 400 necessary to ensure a full return to normal function. It has a variety of other beneficial effects when used for gabapentin 300mg online prophylactic use, including. As it says on the front page, this is the best review site on the web for generic celexa. Zovirax (zovirax) 800 mg the zovirax/cefazolin solution is given stromectol acheter in combination with a single dose of cefazolin (cephazolin), the preferred first-line treatment for lower respiratory tract infections in adults. In patients who are male, but not sexually active, or who have a sexual partner who is not affected by the disorder, the drug is sometimes used to treat patients with premature ejaculation.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "When it comes to filing a claim, in order to gain brain injury compensation, there are a number of things about the legal system that you will need to understand in order to achieve a positive outcome. If you are a friend or relative of someone who has recently been injured in an accident, which resulted in them sustaining a brain injury, you may decide to act on their behalf to make a claim. In the majority of cases those that have suffered a brain injury will require compensation simply to fund their medical care. Those who have suffered from brain injuries are often left unable to work and require round the clock care. This means that they have no way to support themselves or pay for this specialist care.\nTherefore a successful brain injury compensation claim could be absolutely vital to them.\nIt is not wise to go about filing an injury compensation claim on a victim's behalf without doing some prior research. Even if you find that you aren't familiar with all aspects of brain injury compensation claims after you've carried out the research, chances are you'll probably know more than you did before. A brain injury solicitor can provide advice on the areas you're unaware of - so you certainly shouldn't panic. When you're carrying out this research you'll likely encounter a wealth of legal jargon. This legal jargon may be general, but it also might be specifically related to a brain injury compensation claim - therefore it is worth gaining an understanding of what thee terms actually mean. Furthering you understanding of this vocabulary will make discussions with a brain injury solicitor much easier to take in and understand. Learning as much as you can about all the legal jargon, associated with an injury compensation claim, will enable you to gain a greater understanding of how the case is progressing and ask a personal injury solicitor more questions.\nBecoming well educated on legal jargon as a whole is a great way to prepare you for any future court dates, as well as those meetings with the brain injury solicitor representing the victim's brain injury compensation claim. Even those of us who have not been injured in an accident should take the time to find out more about these legal terms and what they mean. By doing this they can effectively ensure that they are prepared for any future legal situation that might arise. If you've done your research, you'll have a good idea of what terms, such as \"locked in syndrome,\" - a condition in which an individual appears to be asleep or in a state of comatose - actually mean. Just one of the many legal and medical terms that are used so often during brain injury compensation claims, with good prior research you can ensure you know exactly what they mean. Although this may take some time, you could ensure that the victim you're acting on the behalf of get the brain injury compensation that they deserve by doing so.\nBrain injuries are incredibly complex. This article details the benefits of having an understanding of the jargon associated with brain injury compensation claims.\nCheck out those popular press releases", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "If client’s experience difficulty in maintaining socially acceptable\nstandards of behaviour (for example needing to be reminded about actions\nor decisions which have the effect of limiting participation in the\ncommunity or Home) as a consequence of their acquired brain injury,\nor by way of an associated mental health condition or learning disability,\nthey will be assisted to displace such behaviours following individually\ntailored rehabilitation programmes and where assessed as necessary,\nHealth and Social Care professionals will assess their difficulties and discuss them with them during their thirteen week assessment period.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Archive for 'Tag Archives: 'alcohol awareness''\nNCADD Announces 2015 NCADD Alcohol Awareness Month Theme – “For the Health of It: Early Education on Alcoholism and Addiction”\nAlcohol Awareness – The Key to Community Change, Personal and Family Recovery 29 Years of Improving and Saving Lives Through Prevention, Treatment and Recovery Each April since 1987, the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, [...]\nAn integral part of Alcohol Awareness Month is Alcohol-Free Weekend (April 4-6, 2014), which is designed to raise public awareness about the use of alcohol and how it may be affecting individuals, families, and the community. [...]", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Are There Symptoms From Brain Injuries?\nPosted in Personal Injury on March 28, 2023\nBrain injuries can have a profound impact on a person’s life, affecting their ability to perform daily activities, work, and engage in hobbies or other activities they once enjoyed. Additionally, brain injuries can affect a person’s personality, behavior, and cognitive function. This impact can be felt not only by the person who has suffered the injury but also by his or her loved ones and caregivers.\nDepending on the nature of the accident, brain injuries can range from mild to severe. As a result, different types of brain injuries result in different symptoms. If you or a loved one has suffered a head injury, understanding the causes and symptoms of brain injuries is crucial in ensuring that you receive the proper medical treatment and support.\nCommon Causes of Brain Injuries\nTraumatic brain injuries (TBIs) occur when you suffer a jolt or blow to the head or when an object penetrates the skull. A TBI can happen in many different situations, including the following:\n- Car accidents\n- Sports injuries\n- Falls, particularly among older adults\n- Acts of violence, such as assaults and gunshot wounds\nSymptoms of Mild Brain Injuries\nMild brain injuries are common but can be challenging to identify and diagnose. This type of damage causes temporary dysfunction of the brain’s nerves. It can also result in structural damage to the brain’s neurons and axons, which can disrupt communication between different parts of the brain.\nIf you have a mild TBI, you may experience any of the following symptoms:\n- Blurred vision\n- Ringing in the ears\n- Nausea or vomiting\n- Sensitivity to light and sound\n- Tiredness or sleepiness\n- A bad taste in the mouth\n- Changes in sleep habits\n- Behavior or mood changes\n- Difficulty with memory, concentration, attention, or thinking\n- Loss of consciousness that lasts from a few seconds to minutes\nSymptoms of Moderate to Severe Brain Injuries\nModerate to severe brain injuries can significantly disrupt brain function and communication, resulting in a range of symptoms that may overlap with those of mild TBI. In addition to the symptoms mentioned earlier, individuals with moderate or severe TBI may experience any of the following:\n- A persistent, worsening headache\n- Loss of consciousness from several minutes to hours\n- Inability to wake up from sleep\n- Enlarged pupils in one or both eyes\n- Vision loss in one or both eyes\n- Repeated, ongoing vomiting and nausea\n- Numbness and tingling in the arms or legs\n- Significant confusion, agitation, or restlessness\n- Loss of coordination and clumsiness\n- Convulsions and seizures\n- Slurred speech\nLegal Options for Brain Injury Victims in Texas\nIf you suffer any type of head injury, it is essential to seek emergency medical care, even if you do not think the injury is severe. Brain injuries can cause long-term damage and even death, and prompt medical attention can help prevent further complications. Always go to the doctor as soon as possible and save all of your medical records.\nIn many cases, brain injuries are caused by the negligent actions of another person. In these situations, you may be eligible to file an insurance claim or lawsuit against the at-fault party and recover financial compensation for your medical care, lost wages, and other damages.\nA Texas personal injury attorney can help you understand your legal options and take your first steps toward holding the negligent person accountable. Contact a lawyer as soon as possible following your accident to discuss your case and identify your optimal path to compensation.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Union Health Minister Harsh Vardhan and his wife took the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine at the Delhi Heart and Lung Institute on Tuesday.\nHis wife Nutan Goel first took the jab of Covaxin after which Vardhan also took the vaccine shot. They had taken the 1st dose of indigenously developed Covaxin by Bharat Biotech on March 2.\nAfter taking the vaccine shot, Harsh Vardhan said that neither he nor his wife felt any side effects. He also asked people not to keep any doubts about the vaccine underlining both Covaxin and Covishield are safe and immunogenic.\n\"After taking first dose of vaccine, neither of us felt any side effects. Both Indian vaccines are safe and effective. A lot of people still have doubts regarding vaccines. I urge them not to believe what is being circulated in WhatsApp university,\" the Union Health Minister said.\n\"There are only a few rare cases wherein people contracted COVID-19 after taking vaccines. Even if someone tests positive after taking vaccines, it minimalizes the chances of their hospitalization or admission to ICU wards,\" Harsh Vardhan added.\nVardhan has been appealing to all those aged 60 and above and aged 45 and above having specified comorbidities to immediately take the vaccine. India opened up vaccination for those over 60 years and within the age bracket of 45 to 59 years with specified comorbidities from March 1.\n(With inputs from Agencies)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Pulse Magazine proudly shines a spotlight on the Best Chiropractor in Lorain County 2023!\nThis esteemed recognition is reserved for a healthcare professional who goes above and beyond, setting the standard for excellence in chiropractic care. Meet the luminary behind the accolade, the best chiropractor in Lorain County who has captured the attention and admiration of both peers and patients alike.\nPresenting Dr. Nick Fabian, DC\nDr. Nick Fabian, DC from Xcell Medical Group in Elyria emerges as the Best Chiropractor in Lorain County featured in Pulse Magazine’s 2023 Best of Lorain County edition.\nRenowned for their outstanding contributions to the well-being of Lorain County residents, Dr. Fabian stands out not only for their expertise in chiropractic techniques but also for their unwavering commitment to holistic health.\nNo accolade is complete without the resounding praise of those who have experienced firsthand the transformative impact of Dr. Fabian’s care.\nXcell Medical Group’s Google reviews feature heartfelt testimonials from patients who commend not only the efficacy of the treatments but also the compassionate and patient-centered approach that defines this chiropractic luminary.\nAs we proudly present Lorain County’s best chiropractor of 2023, new patients are invited to discover the unparalleled expertise, compassionate care, and transformative results offered by Dr. Fabian.\nThis feature in Pulse Magazine serves as a testament to the commitment to excellence that defines the chiropractic practice end of Xcell Medical Group, making them the undisputed leader in advancing the health and well-being of Lorain County residents.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "World Diabetes Day To Be Celebrated At Aligarh Muslim University\nProf Jamal Ahmad, Director, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University said that diabetes in India has reached epidemic proportions and is increasing with Tsunamic speed. He was speaking on the World Diabetes Day that is celebrated on November 14 every year which is also an official United Nations Worlds Diabetes Day. Named to celebrate the birthday of Frederick Banting, who along with Charles Best, is credited with the discovery of Insulin. This day is marked with the global awareness campaign against Diabetes led by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) that engages millions of people worldwide in diabetes advocacy and awareness.\nProf. Ahmad said that India at present has more than 62.2 million people with diabetes and 95% of this population is suffering from Type 2 diabetes. The increase in its prevalence is due to genetic predisposition, sedentary life style, increase in obesity, urbanization and change in lifestyle pattern. We must work hard to prevent the occurrence of metabolic syndrome/type 2 diabetes by preventing obesity (waist circumference 80 cm in females and 90 cm in males) accounting for its association with more than 60% of type 2 diabetes population. We must make all possible effort to reduce atleast 5-10% of weight. This is possible by walking 4-5 kms per day on all days and by eating carefully. The emphasis should be to consume food of low glycemic index values like mixed chapaties (wheat, barley and grams), beans, green leafy vegetables, curd, oats, salads and fruits with limited amount of apple, guava, orange etc. and to avoid food of high glycemic index values like potatoes, rice, bread, french fries, fast food etc. By brisk walking for half an hour per day and by careful eating and healthy habits (no smoking, no alcohol) and cutting down the intake of saturated fat, trans-fat (butter, dalda, animal fat etc) and salt intake, it is possible to reduce the prevalence of diabetes by 50 percent.\nProf. Ahmad said that it might also be noted that the incidence of Type 1 diabetes (5% of diabetes population) is also increasing. If a child complains of weakness, tiredness, weight loss otherwise eating well and having night bed-wetting or being hospitalized as a case of gastroenteritis, his blood sugar needs to be done. It is likely that he/she is suffering from Type 1 diabetes. To save the life of such children, the above Centre with the help of Diabetes India Initiative/ pharmaceutical companies is providing free Insulin to all children especially the girl child up to the age of 21 years if they are reporting endocrine clinic of the hospital regularly. Attempts are also being made with the support of Diabetes India to provide free Insulin to everybody reporting for diabetes management to the Centre.\nProf. Ahmad further said that there is a tremendous increase in the complications associated with diabetes, especially in those who are not under optimal control. In India, diabetes is the single largest cause of legal blindness which can be prevented by taking care of A,B,C, of its management. A vast majority of patients undergoing renal dialysis and transplant have diabetes as the underline cause. Presently around 1% of the population has got diabetes renal disease per year besides more than 20 million populations already having diabetes renal disease. Most of these patients having diabetes renal disease do not enter End-Stage Renal Disease and die off cardiovascular complications. It is also being observed that 75% hospitalized patients of acute myocardial infarction either are known diabetic or undiagnosed. Further, associated with this disease there is a substantial increase in morbidity and mortality.\nDiabetes is the single largest cause of Atraumatic amputation. A person with diabetes does not have to lose the lower limbs every 30 seconds if one takes simple steps like daily inspecting the feet, avoiding bare foot walking, looking for any cuts, cracks, dust accumulation and by use of proper foot-ware (neither loose nor tight). He should also report to his doctor in case he develops neuropathic symptoms (tingling, numbness, hypoesthesia’s, hyperesthesia’s, and decreased sensations in globe- and-stocking distributions) and peripheral vascular disease (cramping pain in the calf and thigh muscle especially at night and walking).\nProf. Ahmad appealed to all to join the campaign to prevent all diabetic complications and be careful to have optimal glycemic control, blood pressure & lipid control, to avoid smoking and alcohol and insisted careful eating and changing the lifestyle pattern. He requested all diabetic persons to simply remember A,B,C of diabetes management. “A” stands for A1c test that should be less than <6.5% (to be done every 3 months); “B” for Blood Pressure (should be <140/90 mmHg, <130/80 mmHg if urine is positive for albumin); “C” to keep LDL cholesterol < 100mg/dl, Triglycerides < 150 mg/dl and HDL-cholesterol >45mg/dl. In elderly and those associated with co-morbid conditions like heart disease, stroke, advanced retinopathy, the A1c should be <7%, besides cessation of smoking and alcohol and to continue lifestyle modification.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- Does peppermint oil help with bloating?\n- How much peppermint oil can you take per day?\n- Why is buscopan banned in America?\n- Are bananas good for IBS?\n- Is it safe to take peppermint capsules everyday?\n- What are the side effects of peppermint oil?\n- Can peppermint capsules upset your stomach?\n- Can peppermint cause high blood pressure?\n- Which is better Colpermin or buscopan?\n- Is peppermint oil a laxative?\n- What are the benefits of peppermint oil capsules?\n- Does Colpermin have side effects?\n- What relieves bloating fast?\n- Can you get rid of irritable bowel syndrome?\n- Who should not take buscopan?\n- Does Colpermin work for bloating?\n- When should you take Colpermin?\n- How do I Debloat my stomach?\n- How long after taking Colpermin can you eat?\n- What medications does peppermint interfere with?\n- How quickly does Colpermin work?\nDoes peppermint oil help with bloating?\nPeppermint oil, diluted with a carrier oil, can help with most forms of pain but can help eliminate symptoms of bloating as well.\nPeppermint calms stomach muscles, reducing pain from cramping.\nIt also helps eliminate gas from the intestines..\nHow much peppermint oil can you take per day?\nKey Points About Peppermint OilEffectivenessIrritable bowel syndrome symptoms: probably effectiveDosageAdults: 0.2 to 0.4 mL of oil three times daily in enteric-coated capsulesChildren older than eight years: 0.1 to 0.2 mL three times dailyCost$24 to $32 for one-month supply8 more rows•Apr 1, 2007\nWhy is buscopan banned in America?\nIt was in 1977 that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned the drug for causing a blood cancer-like effect on roughly one out of 30,000 consumers.\nAre bananas good for IBS?\nFruits contain the sugar fructose, which can cause issues for IBS sufferers. Fructose is particularly high in apples and pears, and somewhat high in watermelon, stone fruits, concentrated fruit, dried fruit and fruit juice. Fruits with lower levels of fructose include bananas, citrus, grapes and berries.\nIs it safe to take peppermint capsules everyday?\nFor most peppermint oil products, a person aged 15 years and above should take one capsule three times a day. If pain and discomfort is severe, this can be increased to a maximum of two capsules three times a day.\nWhat are the side effects of peppermint oil?\nPossible side effects of peppermint oil taken orally include heartburn, nausea, abdominal pain, and dry mouth. Rarely, peppermint oil can cause allergic reactions. Capsules containing peppermint oil are often enteric-coated to reduce the likelihood of heartburn.\nCan peppermint capsules upset your stomach?\nPeppermint can relax the sphincter between the stomach and esophagus, allowing stomach acids to flow back into the esophagus. (The sphincter is the muscle that separates the esophagus from the stomach.) By relaxing the sphincter, peppermint may actually worsen the symptoms of heartburn and indigestion.\nCan peppermint cause high blood pressure?\nIt seems that peppermint has a lowering effect on the heart rate and the systolic blood pressure. Yet in another study, peppermint aroma was administered by nose but no significant effect in both heart rate and blood pressure was observed.\nWhich is better Colpermin or buscopan?\nIf you’re suffering from stomach cramps, then Buscopan is a great option. For trapped wind and spasming, Colpermin could alleviate your symptoms. If you’re suffering from bloating and discomfort, then perhaps Senocalm will help you to feel better.\nIs peppermint oil a laxative?\nPeppermint essential oil contains antispasmodic properties, which can relax the muscles in the digestive tract, making the bowels looser. This can help relieve constipation.\nWhat are the benefits of peppermint oil capsules?\nBenefits of Peppermint Oil Several studies suggest that enteric-coated peppermint oil capsules — which allow the oil to pass through the stomach so it can dissolve in the intestines — may help relieve common symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome such as abdominal pain, bloating, and gas.\nDoes Colpermin have side effects?\nheadache, slow pulse rate, loss of co-ordination and shaking can occur. These may occur if the capsules are taken with alcohol. heartburn and this worsens after taking Colpermin IBS Relief Capsules, you should stop taking this product and consult your doctor or pharmacist for advice. Nausea and vomiting.\nWhat relieves bloating fast?\nThe following quick tips may help people to get rid of a bloated belly quickly:Go for a walk. … Try yoga poses. … Use peppermint capsules. … Try gas relief capsules. … Try abdominal massage. … Use essential oils. … Take a warm bath, soaking, and relaxing.\nCan you get rid of irritable bowel syndrome?\nTreatment of IBS focuses on relieving symptoms so that you can live as normally as possible. Mild signs and symptoms can often be controlled by managing stress and by making changes in your diet and lifestyle.\nWho should not take buscopan?\nDo not give Buscopan IBS Relief tablets to children under the age of 12 years. Buscopan is not suitable for some people. Do not take Buscopan if you have: had an allergic reaction to Buscopan or any other medicines in the past.\nDoes Colpermin work for bloating?\nColpermin Capsules relax the bowel muscle to reduce painful cramps and bloating. Irritable bowel syndrome can produce a variety of symptoms such as cramps, bloating, abdomibnal spasms, griping, diarrhoea and constipation. Colpermin Capsules can be used to relieve such symptoms.\nWhen should you take Colpermin?\nThe usual dose is one or two capsules taken three times each day. If possible, take the capsules about an hour or so before meals – you should not take them straight after food. Swallow the capsules with a drink of water.\nHow do I Debloat my stomach?\nQuick Tips On How To Debloat In 3 To 5 DaysTip #2: Eat anti-inflammatory foods. Eat turmeric and ginger, suggests Watts. … Tip #3: Mind your food intolerances. Watts says it’s important to watch out for discomfort after eating specific foods. … Tip #4: Watch your fiber intake. … Tip #5: Take probiotics. … Tip #7: Drink water — or tea. … Tip #8: Eat Mindfully.Dec 8, 2020\nHow long after taking Colpermin can you eat?\nDo not take capsules immediately after food. The capsules should be taken until symptoms are resolved, normally within one to two weeks.\nWhat medications does peppermint interfere with?\nDo not take peppermint without medical advice if you are using any of the following medications:iron supplements;cyclosporine (neoral, Sandimmune);any antibiotic or antifungal medicine;medicine for seizures;medicines for heart conditions or high blood pressure; or.medicines to decrease stomach acid.Jul 24, 2020\nHow quickly does Colpermin work?\nYou should keep taking the capsules until your symptoms get better, which should usually be within one or two weeks. Consult your doctor if your symptoms have not improved or have got worse after two weeks of taking Colpermin IBS.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Starbrite Therapeutic Equestrian Center\nTherapeutic EquestrianEquestrian Center Non-Profit\nTherapeutic Riding includes horseback riding and other activities with horses that can improve the cognitive, physical, emotional and social well-being of individuals with special needs. For people with disabilities, experiencing the rhythmic motion of a horse can provide improved flexibility, balance and muscle strength. Furthermore, horseback riding also provides the natural benefits of outdoor recreation.\nLearning about and riding horses can help people develop life skills. These skills include identifying and coping with feelings, developing communication and interpersonal skills, setting boundaries, overcoming fears and learning to trust. People, especially those with mental illness or addictions, can benefit greatly from riding horses.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "UMMC faculty, staff earn kudosPublished on Monday, October 4, 2021 Dermatology faculty author book on poor access to careBrodellByrdNaharThree members of UMMC’s Department of Dermatology have joined forces to publish a book detailing the lack of access to dermatology care experienced by many rural residents.Dr. Robert Brodell, professor and department chair; Dr. Adam Byrd, associate professor; and Dr. Vinny Nahar, associate professor, are authors of “Dermatology in Rural Settings: Organizational, Clinical, and Socioeconomic Perspectives”. The book is one of few that considers the full range of issues related to the problem of access to dermatology care in the rural areas of the United States. Byrd practices and trains dermatology residents at UMMC’s rural satellite clinic in Louisville. Herrington chosen as international simulation and nursing education fellow HerringtonDr. Alaina Herrington, director of the Judith Gore Gearhart Clinical Skills Center in the School of Medicine and a faculty member of the School of Nursing at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, will be inducted as a fellow in the National League of Nursing’s (NLN) Academy of Nursing Education (ANEF) and the Society for Simulation in Healthcare (SSH) Academy (FSSH).She will be inducted as an ANEF in September during the 2021 NLN Education Summit: Leading and Teaching Beyond Resilience in Washington, D.C., Sept. 23-25.In January, she will be inducted as a FSSH in Los Angeles at the International Meeting on Simulation in Healthcare (IMSH).Both honors recognize Herrington for her substantial international impact on simulation and nursing education. Her work has shaped the current art, science and practice of health care simulation, and is helping to shape its future.Herrington is one of the first 100 FSSHs in the world and the only Mississippi FSSH. She said she is honored to be recognized for her expertise in both professional groups. “I am excited to collaborate more with other international fellows and bring additional potential research and grant partnership opportunities to UMMC.” UMMC recognized as a top recruiting site for orthopaedic medicine studyThe Major Extremity Trauma and Rehabilitation Consortium (METRC) recognized the University of Mississippi Medical Center as one of its top recruiting sites for the ongoing PREVENTion of Clot in Orthopaedic Trauma (PREVENT CLOT) study.UMMC’s research team for the study enrolled 798 patients, in spite of a small number of staff compared to larger research teams at other participating universities, said Dr. Eldrin Bhanat, manager of clinical research for the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at UMMC.The PREVENT CLOT study, with nearly 12,200 patients enrolled in the United States and Canada, is the largest orthopaedic medicine trial in the world. The study compares the safety and effectiveness of aspirin and low molecular weight heparin when used to limit clotting in patients with bone fractures.The research team at UMMC includes Eldrin; Dr. Patrick Bergin, associate professor of orthopaedic surgery and principal investigator; Heather Champion, LPN, and clinical research specialist; Sheketha McGee, researcher II; and Leslie Johnson, clinical research nurse.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Translate this page into:\nReiter's Disease- Clinical Profile of Six Cases\n|How to cite this article:\nSingh M, Kaur S, Kumar B, Sharma V K, Kaur I. Reiter's Disease- Clinical Profile of Six Cases. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 1987;53:108-111\nAbstractCommon clinical features of 6 cases of Reiter's disease were chronic asymmetrical peripheral arthritis, keratoderma blenorrhagica, stomatitis, circinate balanitis, urethritis and back pain. HLA B 27 was found positive in three cases investigated. Two corticosteroid, unresponesie patients were managed with weekly methotrexate.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Cancer stem cells have long been the subject of intensive research. Since they were first identified, the scientific community has debated their role in the formation of tumours and their wider implications. If the stem cell theory proves correct, it could dramatically shake up the template for cancer treatment.\nAccording to this theory, the disease is primarily spurred by a small population of stem cells, also known as tumorigenic or tumour initiating cells, which have the potential to drive recurrence and metastasis. While ordinary cancer cells may cause issues, these are not capable of propagating the cancer. It is the stem cells, lying dormant in the body after treatment, that may lead to the patient’s eventual relapse.\nWhile this theory does seem to hold true, at least for certain types of tumours, isolating the stem cells can prove difficult and understanding them is harder still. In order to wipe them out, it will be essential to determine their precise molecular properties. How do these cells proliferate and how might a treatment go about targeting that mechanism?\nTargeting cancer stem cells\n\"If you take stem cells from the tumour and inject those into a xenograft, then they’ll make a tumour, whereas if you inject the bulk cancer cells they won’t,\" explains Professor Michael Lisanti, director of the Breakthrough Breast Cancer Unit at the University of Manchester. \"The problem is that most conventional chemotherapeutics actually target the bulk cancer cells and not the cancer stem cells. So what we want to do is understand the difference between the two.\"\nAlong with his colleagues at the Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism and the Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Lisanti recently discovered a new way of targeting these cancer stem cells. A recent paper, published in the journal Oncotarget in November 2014, revealed the role of mitochondria in promoting their growth and survival.\nChildren’s cancer death rates in the UK have dropped by 22% over the last decade.\n\"We think that having more mitochondria is something that’s a characteristic of cancer stem cells, and it may give them a growth advantage because with more mitochondria they should be able to produce more energy,\" says Lisanti. \"Our major idea was that these mitochondria can be targeted with specific inhibitors that interfere with mitochondrial metabolism.\"\nIn essence, the mitochondria were shown to be the ‘engines’ of the cancer stem cell, with certain mitochondrial proteins enhancing their capacity to burn key nutrients. Through blocking the cellular uptake of these fuels, it may be possible to stop the engine and bring cancer growth to a grinding halt.\nA breakthrough for breast cancer?\nThe researchers began by taking cancer cells from the breast, and enriching the sample for cancer stem cells. While less than 1% of the total cells were tumorigenic, when placed on a dish coated with non-stick material, most of the bulk cancer cells will die and only the stem cells will propagate. They form globules known as mammospheres, which can be examined for a better insight into stem cell behaviour.\nThe researchers compared these mammospheres to a separate culture of monolayer cells. They found that the mammospheres showed significantly increased levels of 62 mitochondrial-related proteins. In fact, nine of these proteins were ‘infinitely upregulated’, meaning they were virtually undetectable in the monolayer cells but showed a dramatic increase in the mammospheres. Two nutrients in particular – ketone and L-lactate – were identified as critical for this type of mitochondrial metabolism.\nThe upshot here is clear – if you know what fuels the mitochondria you are halfway towards depleting the fuel tank. Cancer Research UK currently has trials ongoing into whether MCT inhibitors might block the actions of these proteins and ultimately eradicate the cancer stem cells.\n\"Generally speaking the entire industry has shied away from inhibiting mitochondria, and I think that’s a big mistake because in the future some of the best cancer drugs will be in this class,\" says Lisanti. \"You really need to figure out what you want to target in the mitochondria, and there are side effects you should be aware of, but that shouldn’t stop you from trying.\"\nHe cites metformin, the diabetes drug, which appears to have the secondary effect of inhibiting cancer stem cell mitochondria.\n\"What has been shown across many different cancer types is that diabetics who take metformin are protected to varying degrees from almost every cancer type,\" he explains. \"I think the idea that metformin is a mitochondrial inhibitor is very under-recognised, but if you put that existing data together with what we’ve shown, people may think about that as a new avenue of investigation.\"\nMoving towards viable drugs\nIn fact, this study has thrown up many possible lines of enquiry. The next step is to further test the validity of these findings, as well as checking whether MCT inhibitors may translate into viable drugs. It will also be important to determine whether these results apply only to breast cancer, or across other cancer types.\n\"We’re very interested in seeing how broadly applicable our findings are,\" says Lisanti. \"I think we should also consider what other classes of compound may be used as safe effective mitochondrial inhibitors. There’s no reason why mitochondria in cancer stem cells couldn’t be selectively targeted without harming the normal cells. And we shouldn’t be afraid to target the cancer stem cell-specific differences, because we may be missing a very important therapeutic opportunity.\"\nA pioneering study looking into the possibility of combining existing therapies to slow down cancer growth is showing encouraging early results.\nHis latest paper, published in Oncotarget in January, highlights a particularly exciting set of results. He found that metformin was not the only drug that inhibits cancer stem cell mitochondria. In fact, five different classes of FDA-approved antibiotics produce a similar ‘side effect’, and are capable of eradicating cancer stem cells across eight tumour types. Lisanti suggests that these antibiotics may be repurposed for cancer treatment, effectively treating cancer like an infectious disease.\nThis study was inspired by a chance remark by his eight-year-old daughter Camilla (listed as a co-author on the paper) who suggested the cure for cancer might be \"an antibiotic, like when I have a sore throat\".\n\"You should always listen to your children,\" remarks Lisanti, \"as they are usually right.\"\nA cancer treatment that attacks the tumorigenic cells only, leaving other cells unscathed and preventing recurrence – this may sound like a pipe dream for cancer research. But for scientists exploring the role of stem cell mitochondria, it’s a real possibility. Through tackling the proteins that fuel cancer, we may one day be able to deplete that fuel tank altogether.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Cherry PLUS® Silence contains a selected combination of Montmorency tart cherries, an extract from Ashwagandha and the amino acid L-tryptophan. Cherry PLUS® Silence is enhanced by the co-factors magnesium, zinc and vitamin B6.\nKEY FACTS AT A GLANCE:\n- Highly concentrated Montmorency Tart Cherry extract powder - 50:1\n- 40 Montmorency tart cherries per daily dose\n- 600 mg of the potent ingredients - with Montmorency Tart Cherry extract powder as the main ingredient\n- With Ashwagandha and L-tryptophan extract\n- Supplemented with Important co-factors such as magnesium, zinc & vitamin B6\nPharmacy Central Number:\n600 mg Montmorency Tart Cherry extract powder, 200mg Ashwagandha extract, 300mg L-tryptophan, 56.26mg Magnesium, 5mg Zinc, 1.4mg Vitamin B6 per daily dose (2 capsules).\nTake 2 capsules shortly before going to bed, with sufficient liquid. When taking the product for the first time, we recommend a minimum 12 week period of use.\nMontmorency tart cherry extract powder (concentration 50:1), L-tryptophan, ashwagandha extract, cellulose (capsule shell), Magnesium oxide, zinc gluconate, pyridoxine hydrochloride.\nStore in a cool, dry place protected from light and out of the reach of small children. Best before date: See folding box.\nKeep out of reach of small children. Cherry PLUS Silence should not be taken by children and adolescents and during pregnancy or breastfeeding. When taking medicines for the treatment of depression (e.g. monoamine oxidase inhibitors, serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and sleep disorders, as well as when taking medicines for Parkinson's disease (e.g. levodopa), Cherry PLUS Silence should only be taken after consultation with the attending physician.\nCustomer ReviewsWrite a review\nSehr zufrieden, schlafe viel besser und habe weniger Schmerzen\nMontmorency Sauerkirsch Kapseln - Cherry PLUS SILENCE wirken. Die Nächte sind viel ruhiger und damit erholsamer.\nDas freut uns sehr zu hören. Vielen Dank für Ihre Bewertung.\nWide range of payment options\nYour payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition which can cause mild to severe emotional dysregulation among children and adults without proper treatment. Common symptoms of ADHD include: impulsivity, inattention, hyperactivity, and issues regarding mental focus and self-control regulation. Over time, these symptoms can lead to stress–which can ultimately result in depression if left untreated.\nThe symptoms associated with ADHD often lead to a snowball effect that can quickly wreak havoc on a person’s work life or personal relationships. ADHD makes it tough to start and complete tasks, focus on important details, and control impulsive tendencies. With time, this can lead to low-self esteem, because it’s difficult to feel happy and accomplished when you keep falling into a cycle of ineffective behaviors.\nCan ADHD cause depression?\nSome symptoms of depression tend to coincide with the symptoms of ADHD making it challenging at times to assess which diagnosis fits your circumstances best. For example, both ADHD and depression can involve trouble concentrating, making decisions, and remembering details. Both can also lead to a decrease in motivation in certain circumstances.\nAdditionally, sometimes medications prescribed to treat ADHD can produce adverse side effects common for depression such as:\n- Frequent changes in mood\nA person with ADHD may have trouble focusing, listening, or getting organized, which might make it difficult for them to live efficiently or effectively when it comes to school and work environments. If there is enough disruption in their school or work life, they may struggle with feeling inadequate or at a loss for purpose, which can be a key factor in people experiencing or intensifying depression.\nAnother risk is procrastination, where a person with ADHD may have trouble starting or finishing projects, again, leading to criticism from peers, a drop in performance, and the same struggle against any undiagnosed depressive tendencies that may be present.\nThe fact of the matter is that depression and ADHD may exist separately in a person, or ADHD may inflame or cause certain kinds of depression. The risk for comorbidity (meaning multiple conditions coexisting, manifesting as one primary condition and any subsequent conditions), is incredibly high for people whose mental health concerns have a particularly disruptive effect on their ability to function at what people may consider a “normal” level. While mental health issues are common, the stigma and urge to fit the social mold can complicate things. Either the pressures faced because of something like ADHD, such as poor performance at work or school, can lead to difficulties in social experience, or it can lead people to avoid seeking help. The latter is of course particularly dangerous and concerning, as it prevents and prohibits any potential growth or mental wellness management, both of which are key for helping people with ADHD, depression, or any other concern function at their best.\nADHD and depression in children\nIf you are unsure as to whether or not your child has either ADHD, depression, or both, you’re not alone. Since ADHD can pose many challenges for children in school, many develop depression consequently, often as a result of their inability to voice or manage their own mental wellness and the same issues that we discussed earlier. Children in particular are incredibly sensitive to their social environment, so their mental health issues may have a long reaching impact if they go unaddressed. Research shows that children with ADHD are roughly four times more likely than their peers to become depressed.\nIt is important to note that because symptoms of ADHD and depression overlap significantly, misdiagnosis is common. If you notice an increase of these behaviors associated with both ADHD and depression, be sure to contact a family doctor or a specialist that can help you identify the risks and potential mental health risks. At the ADHD Wellness Center, we work with all types of patients doing exactly this, so we understand how critical early identification and management can be.\nADHD and depression in adults\nRecent studies show that about one-third to one-half of patients with ADHD will have persistent symptoms into adulthood. With this in mind, it is important to recognize signs of depression, and seek treatment to help manage the adverse effects so you can live your life to the fullest potential. Signs of depression in adults with ADHD include:\n- Hyperactivity and restlessness\n- Impulsive behaviors such as excessive spending or other reckless behavior\n- A major change in appetite or sleeping patterns\n- A loss of interest in favored activities\n- Physical symptoms such as stomach aches or headaches\n- Racing thoughts or persistent rumination\n- Thoughts of death or suicide\nHow you can help\nKnowing whether you have ADHD, depression, or both can be difficult to say the least. If you think you or a loved one might be suffering from ADHD or depression, be sure to reach out and speak to a mental health professional. You can also feel free to schedule an initial 45 minute appointment with our ADHD medical professional here at the ADHD Wellness Center. During the initial appointment, your specialist will answer any of your questions or concerns to help you receive the best proper treatment possible.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Lactation Without Domperidone Dependence (3). In addition to these essential elements, specifically, letdown and milk flow (the letdown reflex).\nDomperidon dapat menstimulasi pelepasan prolactin atau Luteotropic hormone (LTH hormon terkait dengan produksi ASI., efek sampingnya (efek selain efek utama) dari obat ini sering digunakan untuk merangsang produksi ASI pada ibu hamil sebelum melahirkan ataupun saat menyusui.\nManaging Director CEO Venkat Shinde Venkat Shinde is a post graduate in Organic Chemistry. Prior to founding VEEPRHO, he worked as a Sr. Analytical Scientist in Wockhardt Research Center and Glenmark Research Center, Mumbai.We have recently manufactured Tolterodine impurities like Tolterodine Enantiomer and Didesisopropyl Tolterodine.\nAll women had stable milk output and were nursing infants under 3 months of age who were growing normally. Of the 25 women, 23 did not increase their use of formula and all infants grew normally, indicating that domperidone can be withdrawn without a detrimental.\nA single 4 mg intravenous dose of domperidone produced peak TSH levels of 1.9-fold above baseline and peak. domperidone 1 mg/ml, 30 ml suspension. India.\nWhat form(s) does this medication come in? Each white, round, biconvex, film-coated tablet, engraved APO on one side and 10 on the other, contains domperidone maleate equivalent to domperidone 10 mg. Nonmedicinal ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, fumaric acid, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose.Seniors.\nGrapefruit Juice Other Medical Problems The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of domperidone. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially: Bleeding from the stomach or other problems involving the bowels Pituitary (brain) tumor Liver.Before Using domperidone In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. A double blind RCT of domperidone and metoclopramide as pro-lactational agents in mothers of preterm infants. p. 73. Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand 5th Annual Conference, Canberra, Australia. 25.\nApomorphine Aprepitant Aripiprazole Arsenic Trioxide Artemether Asenapine Astemizole Atazanavir Atorvastatin Azithromycin Bedaquiline Bicalutamide Boceprevir Buserelin Ceritinib Chloroquine Chlorpromazine Cimetidine Ciprofloxacin Citalopram Clarithromycin Clomipramine Clozapine Cobicistat Conivaptan Crizotinib Cyclobenzaprine Cyclosporine Dabrafenib Dasatinib Degarelix Delamanid Delavirdine Desipramine Deslorelin Diltiazem Disopyramide Dofetilide Dolasetron Donepezil Doxepin Droperidol Ebastine Eribulin.34. Anonymous. FDA warns against women using unapproved drug, domperidone, to increase milk production. Available at ml (last accessed 35. Drolet B, Rousseau G, Daleau P, Cardinal R, Turgeon J. Domperidone should not be considered a no-risk alternative to cisapride in the treatment of gastrointestinal.\nFor domperidone, the following should be considered: Allergies Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to domperidone or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods.These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects.\nCurr Opin Pharmacol. 2006;6:5716. PubMed 15. Czank C. Hormonal control of the lactation cycle. In: Hale TW, Hartmann PE, editors. Hale Hartmann's Textbook of Human Lactation. 1st. Amarillo, TX: Hale Publishing L.P; 2007.Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed. Precautions While Using domperidone It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits. This will allow your doctor to see if the medicine is working properly and to decide if you.\nDomperidone Maleate Drug Information from m. Includes Domperidone Maleate side effects, interactions and indications.The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you.\nTalk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective.Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of domperidone. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.\nAlthough not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. Symptoms of overdose Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur: Difficulty in speaking disorientation dizziness fainting irregular heartbeat light-headedness loss of.13. Barone JA. Domperidone: a peripherally acting dopamine2-receptor antagonist. Ann Pharmacother. 1999;33:42940. PubMed 14. Ahmad N, Keith-Ferris J, Gooden E, Abell T. Making a case for domperidone in the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Acute myocardial infarction is a cause of neonatal collapse. The diagnosis is suggested by ischaemic electrocardiography, raised cardiac enzymes and deteriorating cardiac function and should be considered in severe neonatal cardiac dysfunction without other identifiable causes. This paper presents four cases of neonatal myocardial infarction treated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) for cardiorespiratory support. The paper illustrates that left ventricular function may recover after neonatal myocardial infarction if it can be supported for long enough, and that early ECMO referral may be of benefit.\nStatistics from Altmetric.com\nIf you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.\nCompeting interests: None.\nPatient consent: Parental/guardian consent obtained.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Need care now? Covenant Health’s Virtual Urgent Care is available 24/7. Start a visit now.\n244 Fort Sanders West Blvd. Knoxville, TN 37922\nThere are many different methods of treating cancer. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview.\nTreatment Protocols for Cancer: Overview\nImmunotherapy or Biological Therapy\nInvestigational Treatment / Clinical Trials", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Our Board-Certified Facial Plastic Surgeon\nNamed one of the best doctors in America, facial plastic surgeon Dr. Matthew Kienstra has specialized in helping patients of all ages achieve a more refined and youthful appearance. His extensive training in all aspects of facial enhancement combined with his guiding philosophy—if it doesn’t look natural, it doesn’t look good—has provided results uniquely tailored to each patient for over 15 years.\nDr. Kienstra provides everything from facelifts, SmartLaser Lift, rhinoplasty, eyelid procedures, and forehead lifts, to non-surgical facial rejuvenation, such as laser procedures, Botox, fillers, and injectables. “By balancing minimally invasive techniques with more traditional ones,” he says, “we’re able to achieve natural-looking, personalized results for our patients throughout Southwest Missouri and Northwest Arkansas.”\nDr. Kienstra’s high level of training exclusively in the face and his many years in practice with Dr. Keith LaFerriere allowed a very comfortable transition for Dr. LaFerriere’s patients and put them in very capable hands.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Over 2 decades ago, ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) revolutionized the treatment of male infertility. The ICSI procedure involves injection of a single sperm into each egg at the time of IVF (in vitro fertlization). Before the development of ICSI, couples with sperm issues, what we call “male factor,” had very low fertilization and pregnancy rates, even when undergoing IVF. Now a days, because of the use of ICSI, poor sperm quality is a very unusual reason for an IVF cycle to be unsuccessful or to blame for poor fertilization. Over concerns about potentially poor fertilization, many fertility centers have chosen to use ICSI routinely to ensure optimal fertilization even when the male partner’s sperm is perfectly normal. At Princeton IVF, our philosophy has always been to allow fertilization to happen “naturally” in the dish when there is no history of sperm issues or poor fertilization. While ICSI had been shown to be quite safe, we feel that a more natural selection process makes more sense and research in the past has suggested that ICSI is only beneficial in male factor patients. A recent large-scale study recently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association has borne this out. ICSI when used in IVF cycles used in couples without sperm issues had lower fertilization and lower implantation rates than non ICSI cycles.\nResearchers in Germany used very tiny tubes called nanotubes to control the motion of sperm. They used sperm mainly because the sperm are able to propel themselves. Today there is no real application for this even though this is fascinating. In the future, however this could represent a way to help fertilize eggs or even deliver drugs such as chemotherapy to their target. Here’s the video:\nSince its start on the fringes of medicine, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) has resulted in an estimated 5 million births worldwide as announced at the American Society for Reproductive Medicine and International Federation of Fertility Societies this week. The biggest reason for the sudden explosion in IVF babies increased demand in developing countries such as China who now have access to modern medical care including fertility treatment. There are now more children born through IVF than the population of some countries. That’s pretty remarkable for something that 35 years ago was not readily accepted by society. Click here for more from the article in USA Today.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "After living in Ohio for her entire life, Dr. Megan Jusich, D.C., moved to Chicagoland to pursue her dream of becoming a chiropractor. Helping her patients find that “a-ha” health moment drives her ...every day in practice and she is thrilled to serve as the chiropractic director of Chiro One Wellness Center of Des Plaines.\nDr. Megan earned her bachelor’s degree in biology from Youngstown State University. She is a proud graduate of National University of Health Sciences, where she earned her doctorate of chiropractic. During her time at National, Dr. Megan was very active in Motion Palpation Institute and she served as a board member on the adjusting sorority, Lambda Chi.\nBe the change you wish to see in the world.\nOutside of her studies and school requirements, Dr. Megan spent a large amount of time working with a veteran chiropractor, gaining invaluable clinical experience. In addition to her National Chiropractic Board certifications, Dr. Megan is also certified to practice acupuncture. Devoted to her doctoral studies, Dr. Megan was the chief intern during her chiropractic internship, and during her residency at Chiro One, she had the honor of leading her peers as the chief resident. Inspired by her chiropractic peers and the incredible work they do, Dr. Megan has found the opportunity to lead through service to be very rewarding.\nEmpathetic and caring, Dr. Megan always knew she wanted to work in healthcare. As a volunteer at her hometown hospital during high school, Dr. Megan grew her lifelong passion for helping others lead healthier lives. During her experience, she learned how much she loved to be with patients and to help them along their way to better health.\nAn animal lover, you’ll often find her volunteering at an animal shelter during her free time. An active person, Dr. Megan loves the thrill of a new challenge and enjoys walking along the lakefront, practicing yoga or taking aerial fitness classes. Dr. Megan leads a gluten-free lifestyle and enjoys perfecting healthy recipes and baking delicious gluten-free treats. She’s loved her transition to the big, windy city and thoroughly enjoys living in such a fun, vibrant community. An active alum, she also regularly visits her clinicians and colleagues from National and enjoys visiting with past patients.\nAs our chiropractor in Des Plaines Illinois, Dr. Megan’s mission is to serve her patients and lives for the moment that someone is able to breathe better, sleep better, run faster or get through their day without pain. This turning point, life-changing moment is her favorite part about being a chiropractor. Based on her philanthropic spirit, it is no surprise that her favorite quote is, “Be the change you wish to see in the world,” from Mahatma Gandhi.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Best Practice Recommendations for Canadian Harm Reduction Programs that Provide Service to People Who Use Drugs and are at Risk for HIV, HCV, and Other Harms: Part 1\nSource: Working Group on Best Practice for Harm Reduction Programs in Canada: Strike C, Hopkins S, Watson TM, Gohil H, Leece P, Young S, Buxton J, Challacombe L, Demel G, Heywood D, Lampkin H, Leonard L, Lebounga Vouma J, Lockie L, Millson P, Morissette C, Nielsen D, Petersen D, Tzemis D, Zurba N\nJanuary 1, 2013\nDrug use practices that can lead to transmission of HIV, HCV, and other infections are pressing issues affecting communities throughout Canada. To stay current with emerging evidence and ensure that people have access to high-quality services that help prevent HIV and HCV transmission, best practice recommendations must undergo review and update. A Canada-wide team of researchers, service providers, policy makers and people with lived experience have developed, through extensive literature review and synthesis, an updated and comprehensive set of best practice recommendations.\nThis document has new and improved best practice recommendations about needle and syringe distribution, other injection equipment distribution, handling and disposal of used drug-use equipment, and safer drug-use education. In addition, lots of new material can be found on safer crack cocaine smoking equipment distribution and opioid overdose prevention (education and naloxone distribution)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Living donor liver transplantation has become a widely accepted alternative to cadaveric transplantation (1,2). Such living donor grafts provide similar or better short-term graft function and long-term survival rates when compared with cadaveric liver grafts, especially in children (3,4). This procedure has the advantages to shorten waiting list time and to minimize cold ischemia time. However, the surgical risk brought upon donors remains the most important concern (4,5). In the setting of adult to adult liver transplantation, the development of major liver resection has been slow, due to an increased technical complexity and significant donor morbidity (near 40%) (6,7).\nThe rising of laparoscopic liver resections, initially for tumors, has been limited in live donor hepatectomy (LDH), due to initial uncertainty on its technical feasibility and safety, especially for major hepatectomy. Lately, this approach has gained more acceptance, demonstrating significant advantages such as decreased postoperative morbidity (8-11) shorter hospital stay (11,12), and reduced global costs (13). Hence, laparoscopic approach is now considered as the standard technique for several procedures, such as left lateral sectionectomy (14,15).\nIn the meantime, laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy has become the standard approach for renal transplantation, exhibiting reduced morbidity and faster recovery, which led to increased donation rates (16). The application to liver donation for transplantation may bring the same benefits and help to minimize surgical trauma from the large abdominal incision. In this setting, laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy for living donation has gained wide approval and is now considered as the standard technique in expert teams (17,18). The development of laparoscopic live donor major hepatectomy, despite slower, seems promising, due to accumulating experience and constant refinements.\nThe objective of this article is to review and discuss every aspect of laparoscopic live donor right hepatectomy, from surgical indication to technical aspects.\nThe development of laparoscopic right hepatectomy for living donation: initial experience, evolution and current position\nInitial experience of live donor right hepatectomy\nThe first LDH for a pediatric transplantation was reported in 1989 and 1990 (1,2). Since then, LDH has developed mostly in Eastern countries, owing to deceased donor scarcity. The first case of a right liver donation for adult liver transplant was then described in 1994 by Yamaoka et al. (19).\nIn the very first developmental stage, LDLT was considered with great enthusiasm, and accounted for 10% of the total amount of the United States liver transplantations in 2001 (20). Further reports of an approximate 0.2% mortality (4) and 40% complication rate (7,21) associated to open right LDH were published. Reported complications included biliary leak, sepsis or pulmonary complications (22,23). These risks, associated with reported psychological difficulties (7) may have dissuaded donors and troubled general opinion, as well as medical teams. While LT from available deceased donors remains an alternative in Western countries, these potential risks led to some reticence among medical teams and to a significant decrease in the number of procedures, which now account for 4% of the total liver transplantations in the United States (20).\nIn this context, several expert teams recommended the laparoscopic approach for LDH as a way to reduce donor morbidity.\nThe first cases of laparoscopic LDH have been reported by in 2002 (24). Full laparoscopic left (25,26) and right (27-29) hepatectomy were reported for adult-to-adult transplant afterwards. Besides the pure “full” or “totally” laparoscopic approach, the hand assisted laparoscopic technique and the laparoscopic assisted or “hybrid” technique (30,31) were described. There is currently no evidence in the literature demonstrating the superiority of one technique over the others (32).\nEvolution and learning curve of laparoscopic right LDH\nThe diffusion of the laparoscopic approach for right LDH was slower than the open technique, owing to several concerns: (I) the overall technically demanding technique; (II) concerns regarding donor safety, especially with the risk of hemorrhage during surgery; (III) concerns regarding the graft safety and prolonged warm ischemia time due to its extraction; and (IV) the lack of comparative studies with the standard open approach.\nIndeed, laparoscopic major liver resection for LDLT requires expertise in both LDLT and laparoscopic liver surgery. Several reports demonstrated that a learning curve of minimum 15–60 procedures was necessary to reach optimal results (33,34). Moreover, the small proportion of major hepatectomy for LDLT performed annually, especially in Western countries (35), contributes to the slow progression of the technique.\nHowever, there is now accumulating evidence that laparoscopic right hepatectomy for classical liver resection demonstrates better surgical outcomes than the open approach, with reduced postoperative morbidity (8,10,11), shorter hospital stay (11,12), or improved cost effectiveness (13).\nThe technical improvements and growing expertise of the last two decades in laparoscopic liver resection allowed reducing blood loss and transfusion rates compared to patients undergoing open liver resection (36,37). For example, more effective hemostasis devices, magnified laparoscopic vision with 30° laparoscopes, reverse Trendelenburg positioning in order to reduce hepatic backflow, or pneumoperitoneum increase (38,39) have been described to improve intraoperative bleeding management. Moreover, the surgical community benefits from accumulating experience on laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy for living donation, which had gained broad acceptance through standardization of the technique and excellent reported outcomes (17,18).\nIn the setting of fully laparoscopic LDH, several authors have raised some concerns for graft integrity during its extraction in a plastic bag through a small incision and the possible associated prolonged warm ischemia time (40). Our team demonstrated that even though laparoscopy-retrieved grafts undergo increased warm ischemia time, this had no impact on graft-related complications or survival (41).\nSince a randomized controlled trial is very unlikely in this setting, accumulating evidence on the benefits of laparoscopic approach in LDLT rely mostly on retrospective or case-matched reports, but definitely contribute to the global acceptance and development of the technique. To date, 167 cases of laparoscopic right hepatectomy for adult-to-adult LDLT have been reported between 2006 and 2014, mostly through case reports, case series or case match series (39).\nThe second international consensus on laparoscopic liver resection (Morioka, Japan) concluded that left lateral sectionectomy for pediatric transplant brought the advantages of minimally-invasive surgery, associated to a safety level not different from open surgery (42). In addition, recent large cohorts published by expert teams show excellent outcomes and recommend the laparoscopic approach as a gold standard for left lateral section retrieval for LDLT (17,18). However, in the setting of adult-to-adult LDH, the experts recommended the creation of a registry to evaluate the benefit/risk ratio, and the Jury did not recommend broad introduction since its safety was not proven yet.\nUndoubtedly, major laparoscopic LDH requires a high level of technical skills and has a steep learning curve, restraining its practice to expert teams. However, growing surgeon experience, continuous technical refinements and increasing standardization efforts participate in its diffusion an acceptance.\nDonor evaluation process\nThe selection of an eligible donor means the evaluation of, in one hand, the technical feasibility, and in the other hand, the operative risk for the donor. Such issues imply an extensive workup procedure, including extensive detection of any medical contra-indication, donor psychological assessment, and suitability of the intended graft in terms of anatomy, volume and function.\nDonor operative risk evaluation\nCurrently, there is no consensus for donor age, and we rely more on physiological age than biological age. However, an upper age limit is arbitrarily set at 55 in many centers. Every eligible donor has to be informed about the risks involved in the operation, and the recipient mortality estimation (5%), together with donor mortality (0.2%) and morbidity rates (up to 40%), have to be explained. The innovative nature of the pure laparoscopic technique and its impact on these risks has to be underlined.\nAn extensive medical history interrogation including in particular personal and/or familial history of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary disease, malignancy, psychological disorders, alcohol consumption and smoking, deep vein thrombosis risk factors (oral contraception use for women) should be conducted. This must be completed by a complete physical examination including BMI and arterial blood pressure measurements. Biological tests include, besides classical blood hematology and biochemistry, complete glycemic and lipidic profile, common viral serology screening (HIV, hepatitis B and C, CMV, VZV), and, in our center, an extensive research for coagulation disorders (factor V Leiden, factor II, antithrombin III, antiphospholipid antibodies, protein C, protein S). Specific markers for malignancy can be added in case of any clinical suspicion.\nA psychiatrist should conduct a complete psychological evaluation and the donor case has to be presented for approval by an ethical committee. Last, according to the French Law, all donors give their informed consent, which is recorded by a Judge of the Civilian Court.\nTechnical feasibility: graft assessment\nThe graft assessment workup procedure includes multiple imaging evaluations by ultrasound, CT-scan and MRI cholangiography together. CT-scan with 3D vascular reconstruction is mandatory for arterial mapping. The course and size of hepatic artery and detection of anatomical variations such as a right hepatic artery from the superior mesenteric artery or left hepatic artery arising from the left gastric artery are notified (Figure 1). Origin of segment IV hepatic artery should be outlined (from left or right hepatic artery). Portal veins anatomy is also evaluated (Figure 2), in order to identify division abnormalities such as portal trifurcation. Particular attention is paid to hepatic venous drainage (Figure 3).\nCT volumetric measurement of the liver remnant and the intended graft should be performed in order to have a safety limit for donor of 30–35% remnant volume, and to ensure of the 0.8% graft to body weight ratio necessary for the recipient (43-46).\nAt last, we require a magnetic resonance cholangiography, which is nowadays the best imaging to detect biliary anatomy abnormalities (Figure 4). This investigation is fundamental to search for variations as a right posterior or anterior sectorial duct joining the left hepatic duct; such a situation represents a formal contra-indication to the intervention. Position of left hepatic duct division and site of segment IV duct joining should be recognized as well.\nWe do not routinely perform liver biopsy, nor ERCP or arteriography in our center.\nFinally, the decision of acceptance to perform a living donor right hepatectomy is validated in a multidisciplinary expert reunion, where all potential medical contra-indication are considered, and where suitability of the intended graft in terms of anatomy and volume are closely examined.\nSurgical technique (Figure 5)\nTo enhance the donor safety, two senior surgeons may ideally perform this intervention. Any incident that might compromise donor safety or graft integrity should lead to prompt conversion. In our team, we defined these events or criteria of conversion as following: significant bleeding, failure to accurately recognize bile duct anatomy, any vessel injury, and poor exposure leading to slow progression during parenchymal transection. The operation is divided in three main steps: right pedicle dissection, parenchymal transection including bile duct division, and graft extraction. Usually, these steps are performed in rotation between the two surgeons, one performing the pedicle dissection and the other doing the parenchymal transection and graft removal.\nThe donor is placed in French position, legs apart. Devices to prevent hypothermia (warming coverage) and deep vein thrombosis (compression stockings) are systematically used.\nA carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum is created and maintained at 12 mmHg pressure. Five ports are inserted as shown in Figure 6. The optic port is placed 2 to 3 cm above and laterally to the umbilicus to avoid any tangential vision to the right liver.\nA 30° laparoscope is mandatory, in order to have an optimal vision of every parcel of the abdominal cavity, especially to nicely visualize the hepatic vein and to avoid any discomfort in case of tangential dissection area.\nAccess to the right liver graft and right pedicle preparation\nAfter a general inspection of the liver and the abdominal cavity, the cystic artery and duct are clipped and divided. After opening the hepatic pedicle, the right hepatic artery and right portal vein are dissected free and taped. Cholecystectomy is performed and the round and falciform ligaments are disconnected.\nThe right part of segment I is separated to expose the anterior side of the inferior vena cava (IVC), with dividing of the small accessory veins arising from segment I. This part of the dissection is performed as high as possible but without reaching the right hepatic vein. No hanging maneuver is performed and we do not mobilize the right liver at that time.\nThe right portal vein and hepatic artery are briefly clamped in order to visualize the main portal scissure. The middle hepatic vein, which is kept with the left liver, is then identified with intra-operative ultrasound.\nThe harmonic scalpel is used for the capsule incision and the superficial part of the transection (no more than 1 cm deep in the parenchyma), and we prefer the ultrasonic dissector for deeper transection.\nThe parenchyma transection follows the Cantlie line, the upward trajectory of the IVC, and the middle hepatic vein, which is previously located using ultrasound. This laparoscopic visualization from below allows the surgeon to follow the IVC throughout the transection, as previously described by our team as the “inferior approach” (48).\nThe parenchyma is thus divided step by step and the encountered vascular pedicles are identified before clipping and dividing. Vascular elements larger than 2 mm, such as pedicles assigned to segment 4, are dissected free using ultrasonic dissector, taped using PTFE tapes in order to nicely expose both sides of the pedicle that need to be transected, closed using secured Hem-o-lock® clips (non absorbable polymer vascular clips, Weck, Teleflex Medical, Limerick, Pennsylvania, USA), and divided.\nBleeding is controlled only by using bipolar cautery for minor vessels, and clips for larger vascular structures. No vascular clamping is used in order to minimize both donor and graft damage. A transient increase in pneumoperitoneum pressure up to 16 mmHg can be applied, if well tolerated by the donor, to improve bleeding control.\nRight bile duct division\nAfter identification of the right bile duct, an intra-operative cholangiography is performed through the cystic duct. The right bile duct is then divided with scissors at the level of a marker thread. No electric cautery should be applied in this step in order to avoid thermal injury of the biliary duct or the hilar plate. Its distal stump is closed using a secured clip.\nEnd of transection and control of the right hepatic vein\nAfter bile duct division, the parenchyma transection is completed and the right hepatic vein is dissected free, controlled and taped. The right liver is then mobilized by cutting the right triangular ligament. At this stage, the graft is only retained by its vessels.\nA 10-cm suprapubic incision is made without opening the peritoneum. This allows the insertion of a large bag through a 15-mm port. The right hepatic artery is closed with a secured clip, then the right portal and hepatic veins are closed using a one-sided stapler and then divided. The right liver graft is placed in the bag and removed through the suprapubic incision without muscle section.\nThe graft is immediately weighed and perfused with a cold preservation solution through the left portal vein, initiating end of warm ischemia time (usually less than 10 min) and beginning of cold ischemia time. The bile ducts are washed with the same preservation solution.\nGraft preparation also includes venous outflow optimization. The veins from segments 5 and 8 may be reconstructed using an allogeneic iliac graft from tissue bank. The right hepatic vein stump can be enlarged with a cuff tailored in an iliac conduit from tissue bank.\nAfter re-insufflation, hemostasis and biliostasis are checked. CO2 pneumoperitoneum is completely evacuated to reduce postoperative pain.\nWe systematically use prophylactic dose of low molecular weight heparin and compression stockings from postoperative day one for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis Proton pump inhibitors are used systematically to prevent gastric ulcer. No postoperative gastric tube is retained.\nOral intake is allowed in the evening of the procedure, and early mobilisation is encouraged on postoperative day one. Particular attention is paid to postoperative pain and appropriate painkillers are prescribed; their efficiency and necessity are reevaluated daily.\nClinical features and biological tests are closely monitored every day; particular attention is paid to pulmonary examination and any sign of pulmonary embolism is carefully sought. Biological liver function is daily assessed by biochemical tests including prothrombin time and serum bilirubin. Any clinical or biological sign of general or liver-related complication is reported.\nHand-assisted and hybrid techniques\nUnlike pure laparoscopic approach, hand-assisted procedure uses a hand port through a right subcostal short incision to facilitate the operation, especially retrohepatic IVC dissection (49).\nIn hybrid procedure, pedicular dissection and liver mobilization are performed using laparoscopy while liver parenchyma transection and specimen extraction are performed through a short (midline or subcostal) incision.\nThese methods have been described and compared previously (31,50,51). To date, there is no evidence showing the superiority of one technique over the others and the choice of the technique depends on the surgeons’ experience.\nIn summary, the right liver can be harvested in a living donor through pure laparoscopic approach in highly experienced centers. We believe that its benefits may increase the potential donation rate, based on a growing global acceptance. Accumulating case series report its technical feasibility and comparable outcomes to conventional approach. However, careful validation through larger series is mandatory before laparoscopic right hepatectomy for live donation may be ready for wider diffusion and acceptance. The question of donor safety remains the main concern of live donor liver transplantation, and improved reproducibility of the procedure is needed through standardization and registry studies.\nConflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.\n- Raia S, Nery JR, Mies S. Liver transplantation from live donors. Lancet 1989;2:497. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Strong RW, Lynch SV, Ong TH, et al. Successful liver transplantation from a living donor to her son. N Engl J Med 1990;322:1505-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Lo CM. Complications and long-term outcome of living liver donors: a survey of 1,508 cases in five Asian centers. Transplantation 2003;75:S12-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Cheah YL, Simpson MA, Pomposelli JJ, et al. Incidence of death and potentially life-threatening near-miss events in living donor hepatic lobectomy: a world-wide survey. Liver Transpl 2013;19:499-506. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Buell JF, Cherqui D, Geller DA, et al. The international position on laparoscopic liver surgery: The Louisville Statement, 2008. Ann Surg 2009;250:825-30. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Marsh JW, Gray E, Ness R, et al. Complications of right lobe living donor liver transplantation. J Hepatol 2009;51:715-24. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Abecassis MM, Fisher RA, Olthoff KM, et al. Complications of Living Donor Hepatic Lobectomy--A Comprehensive Report. Am J Transplant 2012;12:1208-17. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Kim SJ, Jung HK, Lee DS, et al. The comparison of oncologic and clinical outcomes of laparoscopic liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Treat Res 2014;86:61-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Mirnezami R, Mirnezami AH, Chandrakumaran K, et al. Short- and long-term outcomes after laparoscopic and open hepatic resection: systematic review and meta-analysis. HPB 2011;13:295-308. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Tranchart H, Di Giuro G, Lainas P, et al. Laparoscopic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: a matched-pair comparative study. Surg Endosc 2010;24:1170-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- López-Ben S, Palacios O, Codina-Barreras A, et al. Pure laparoscopic liver resection reduces surgical site infections and hospital stay. Results of a case-matched control study in 50 patients. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2014;399:307-14. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Truant S, Bouras AF, Hebbar M, et al. Laparoscopic resection vs. open liver resection for peripheral hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease: a case-matched study. Surg Endosc 2011;25:3668-77. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Medbery RL, Chadid TS, Sweeney JF, et al. Laparoscopic vs open right hepatectomy: a value-based analysis. J Am Coll Surg 2014;218:929-39. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Chang S, Laurent A, Tayar C, et al. Laparoscopy as a routine approach for left lateral sectionectomy. Br J Surg 2007;94:58-63. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Dokmak S, Raut V, Aussilhou B, et al. Laparoscopic left lateral resection is the gold standard for benign liver lesions: a case-control study. HPB 2014;16:183-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Schweitzer EJ, Wilson J, Jacobs S, et al. Increased rates of donation with laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. Ann Surg 2000;232:392-400. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Soubrane O, de Rougemont O, Kim KH, et al. Laparoscopic Living Donor Left Lateral Sectionectomy: A New Standard Practice for Donor Hepatectomy. Ann Surg 2015;262:757-61;discussion 761-3. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Scatton O, Katsanos G, Boillot O, et al. Pure laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy in living donors: from innovation to development in France. Ann Surg 2015;261:506-12. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Yamaoka Y, Washida M, Honda K, et al. Liver transplantation using a right lobe graft from a living related donor. Transplantation 1994;57:1127-30. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Transplants by donor type. Available online: https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/data/view-data-reports/national-data\n- Ghobrial RM, Freise CE, Trotter JF, et al. Donor morbidity after living donation for liver transplantation. Gastroenterology 2008;135:468-76. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Belghiti J, Liddo G, Raut V, et al. “Inherent limitations” in donors: control matched study of consequences following a right hepatectomy for living donation and benign liver lesions. Ann Surg 2012;255:528-33. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Dondero F, Taillé C, Mal H, et al. Respiratory complications: a major concern after right hepatectomy in living liver donors. Transplantation 2006;81:181-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Cherqui D, Soubrane O, Husson E, et al. Laparoscopic living donor hepatectomy for liver transplantation in children. Lancet 2002;359:392-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Samstein B, Cherqui D, Rotellar F, et al. Totally laparoscopic full left hepatectomy for living donor liver transplantation in adolescents and adults. Am J Transplant 2013;13:2462-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Troisi RI, Wojcicki M, Tomassini F, et al. Pure laparoscopic full-left living donor hepatectomy for calculated small-for-size LDLT in adults: proof of concept. Am J Transplant 2013;13:2472-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Soubrane O, Perdigao Cotta F, Scatton O. Pure laparoscopic right hepatectomy in a living donor. Am J Transplant 2013;13:2467-71. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Takahara T, Wakabayashi G, Hasegawa Y, et al. Minimally invasive donor hepatectomy: evolution from hybrid to pure laparoscopic techniques. Ann Surg 2015;261:e3-4. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Han HS, Cho JY, Yoon YS, et al. Total laparoscopic living donor right hepatectomy. Surg Endosc 2015;29:184. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Koffron AJ, Kung R, Baker T, et al. Laparoscopic-assisted right lobe donor hepatectomy. Am J Transplant 2006;6:2522-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Baker TB, Jay CL, Ladner DP, et al. Laparoscopy-assisted and open living donor right hepatectomy: a comparative study of outcomes. Surgery 2009;146:817-23;discussion 823-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Lin NC, Nitta H, Wakabayashi G. Laparoscopic major hepatectomy: a systematic literature review and comparison of 3 techniques. Ann Surg 2013;257:205-13. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Vigano L, Laurent A, Tayar C, et al. The learning curve in laparoscopic liver resection: improved feasibility and reproducibility. Ann Surg 2009;250:772-82. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Cai X, Li Z, Zhang Y, et al. Laparoscopic liver resection and the learning curve: a 14-year, single-center experience. Surg Endosc 2014;28:1334-41. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Dutkowski P, De Rougemont O, Müllhaupt B, et al. Current and future trends in liver transplantation in Europe. Gastroenterology 2010;138:802-9.e1-4.\n- Fancellu A, Rosman AS, Sanna V, et al. Meta-analysis of trials comparing minimally-invasive and open liver resections for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Surg Res 2011;171:e33-45. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Xiong JJ, Altaf K, Javed MA, et al. Meta-analysis of laparoscopic vs open liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2012;18:6657-68. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Costi R, Scatton O, Haddad L, et al. Lessons learned from the first 100 laparoscopic liver resections: not delaying conversion may allow reduced blood loss and operative time. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2012;22:425-31. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Cauchy F, Schwarz L, Scatton O, et al. Laparoscopic liver resection for living donation: where do we stand? World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:15590-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Borle DP, Bharathy KG, Kumar S, et al. Laparoscopic living donor left hepatectomy: donor safety remains the overriding concern. Am J Transplant 2014;14:735. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Soubrane O, Cherqui D, Scatton O, et al. Laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy in living donors: safety and reproducibility of the technique in a single center. Ann Surg 2006;244:815-20. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Wakabayashi G, Cherqui D, Geller DA, et al. Recommendations for laparoscopic liver resection: a report from the second international consensus conference held in Morioka. Ann Surg 2015;261:619-29. [PubMed]\n- Redvanly RD, Nelson RC, Stieber AC, et al. Imaging in the preoperative evaluation of adult liver-transplant candidates: goals, merits of various procedures, and recommendations. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995;164:611-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Lo CM, Fan ST, Liu CL, et al. Minimum graft size for successful living donor liver transplantation. Transplantation 1999;68:1112-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Kiuchi T, Kasahara M, Uryuhara K, et al. Impact of graft size mismatching on graft prognosis in liver transplantation from living donors. Transplantation 1999;67:321-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Sakamoto S, Uemoto S, Uryuhara K, et al. Graft size assessment and analysis of donors for living donor liver transplantation using right lobe. Transplantation 2001;71:1407-13. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Goumard C, Soubrane O, Brustia R, et al. Totally laparoscopic right hepatectomy for living donation. Asvide 2017;4:172. Available online: http://www.asvide.com/articles/1480\n- Soubrane O, Schwarz L, Cauchy F, et al. A Conceptual Technique for Laparoscopic Right Hepatectomy Based on Facts and Oncologic Principles: The Caudal Approach. Ann Surg 2015;261:1226-31. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Ha TY, Hwang S, Ahn CS, et al. Role of hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery in living-donor right liver harvest. Transplant Proc 2013;45:2997-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Park JI, Kim KH, Lee SG. Laparoscopic living donor hepatectomy: a review of current status. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2015;22:779-88. [Crossref] [PubMed]\n- Zhang X, Yang J, Yan L, et al. Comparison of laparoscopy-assisted and open donor right hepatectomy: a prospective case-matched study from china. J Gastrointest Surg 2014;18:744-50. [Crossref] [PubMed]\nCite this article as: Goumard C, Soubrane O, Brustia R, Scatton O. Laparoscopic right hepatectomy for living donation. Ann Laparosc Endosc Surg 2017;2:81.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Can you be repeatedly infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus?\nCan a person without symptoms infect others?\nHow does she get COVID-19 ?\nCan the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus be caught by going to the bathroom?\nWhat is close contact?\nCan children be infected with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus?\nCan my child transmit COVID-19 ?\nCan SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus be caught by eating?\nHow long is a person contagious?\nCan you contaminate yourself by opening your mail?\nI am pregnant: what are the risks for me and my baby, before and after the birth?", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Health jobs in Stoke-on-Trent\nBroaden your search\nFound 0 GCSE/O level/GNVQ/Standard grades jobs\nWe do have the following jobs available for Health, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire\nShowing 1 - 3 of 3\nWe are seeking to recruit highly motivated dedicated individuals to work in our supported living services in the Stoke and North Staffordshire area.\nWe are recruiting Support Workers for our Registered Mental Health Services in Smallthorne and Burslem, Stoke on Trent.\nWe are looking for enthusiastic individuals to provide person centred care and support to older people.\nPublic Health is about preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the efforts of society. Whether you are already a working professional in this area, or n...\nThis programme situates health, health inequalities and health policy in a global context, examining the extent to which health and its determinants are shaped by social, econom...\nThe MSc Health Policy will develop your understanding of, and critical engagement with, key challenges in health policy. Both state and non-state actors grapple with how best to...", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Mechanical Ventilation Redistributes Blood to Poorly Ventilated Areas in Experimental Lung Injury.\nCronin JN., Crockett DC., Farmery AD., Hedenstierna G., Larsson A., Camporota L., Formenti F.\nOBJECTIVES: Determine the intra-tidal regional gas and blood volume distributions at different levels of atelectasis in experimental lung injury. Test the hypotheses that pulmonary aeration and blood volume matching is reduced during inspiration in the setting of minimal tidal recruitment/derecruitment and that this mismatching is an important determinant of hypoxemia. DESIGN: Preclinical study. SETTING: Research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Seven anesthetized pigs 28.7 kg (SD, 2.1 kg). INTERVENTIONS: All animals received a saline-lavage surfactant depletion lung injury model. Positive end-expiratory pressure was varied between 0 and 20 cm H2O to induce different levels of atelectasis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Dynamic dual-energy CT images of a juxtadiaphragmatic slice were obtained, gas and blood volume fractions within three gravitational regions calculated and normalized to lung tissue mass (normalized gas volume and normalized blood volume, respectively). Ventilatory conditions were grouped based upon the fractional atelectatic mass in expiration (< 20%, 20-40%, and ≥ 40%). Tidal recruitment/derecruitment with fractional atelectatic mass in expiration greater than or equal to 40% was less than 7% of lung mass. In this group, inspiration-related increase in normalized gas volume was greater in the nondependent (818 µL/g [95% CI, 729-908 µL/g]) than the dependent region (149 µL/g [120-178 µL/g]). Normalized blood volume decreased in inspiration in the nondependent region (29 µL/g [12-46 µL/g]) and increased in the dependent region (39 µL/g [30-48 µL/g]). Inspiration-related changes in normalized gas volume and normalized blood volume were negatively correlated in fractional atelectatic mass in expiration greater than or equal to 40% and 20-40% groups (r = 0.56 and 0.40), but not in fractional atelectatic mass in expiration less than 20% group (r = 0.01). Both the increase in normalized blood volume in the dependent region and fractional atelectatic mass in expiration negatively correlated with PaO2/FIO2 ratio (ρ = -0.77 and -0.93, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In experimental atelectasis with minimal tidal recruitment/derecruitment, mechanical inspiratory breaths redistributed blood volume away from well-ventilated areas, worsening PaO2/FIO2.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "If it is in your protocols that you are to dispense medications for a fee, you must contact the Board office to be authorized to dispense. Dispensing is writing and filling a prescription and selling the medication to a patient. Giving samples is not dispensing. The dispensing license must also be renewed when renewing your APRN license. – Dispensing Practitioner Application.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Natural. Holistic. Functional Nutrition.\nwellness begins here\nWhat health issues can we help with?\nEnergy & Fatigue\nPMS & Menopause\nThyroid Hormone balance\nAllergies & Asthma\nAcne, Eczema & Psoriasis\nChemical & Metal Toxicity Brain fog & mental focus Digestive Issues & more...\nWe offer safe, natural solutions for many health problems. From newborn babies all the way through 80+ years of age, we are helping many people find a natural, non-invasive way to improve their health.\nWe practice “Root Cause Nutrition”. Symptoms are present because there is something going on in the body that needs to be found and handled. We can help you eliminate the root cause of your health issues so that you can be well and Thrive!\n“I was exhausted, had acne, and was seriously irritable. Nutrition Response Testing has turned my health around! I am able to function normally no matter what time of the month it is. My skin looks great. I have tons of energy, and I really feel like I got my life back!”\n“I had pretty bad stomach pain when I ate wheat and dairy. I was also constipated. I didn’t have a lot of energy. I had eczema as well. My hand eczema is gone! My complexion looks healthy. As long as I stick to my diet, my digestive system works great!”\nThe 6 Barriers to Healing\nDuring new patient Initial Consults, we identify which of the 6 barriers to healing a person may have. Then, we help remove them. Once the\nEvery cell, every tissue and every organ in the human body contains protein. Every healthy human being requires protein daily to help the body repair\nThe Pharmaceutical Myth\nGerald Roliz, CNC, MBA, MSACN explains how he fell into the glamorous job of a pharmaceutical sales representative after graduating from the world’s most prestigious\nWeston A. Price | The Pioneer\nDr. Weston A. Price practiced dentistry in Cleveland, Ohio during the 1920’s. He taught thousands of students at dental schools, authored technical papers and textbooks.\nDr. Royal Lee, the founder of Standard Process Farm, believed that each individual’s unique nutritional requirements are best evaluated through a consultation with a health\nDr. Francis Pottenger Jr., MD was a pioneer in using extracts of the adrenal glands for allergic states and the syndrome of adrenal depletion. In his", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "||Visual feedback increases postural stability in children with autism spectrum disorder\nAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are often associated with poor motor control, which depends greatly on postural stability. Firstly, this study examined postural stability in young children with ASD, as little is known about early postural skills in this population. Children with ASD are known to depend considerably on visual cues when maintaining balance. We therefore wished to explore whether visual stimuli would in turn improve postural stability. We recruited 18 children with ASD (aged 6–11) and also 12 age-matched typically developing (TD) children. We measured their baseline postural stability and their ability to maintain balance when provided contingent visual feedback of the movements of their center of pressure. Postural performances were measured with a force platform. Baseline postural stability of children with ASD was significantly reduced compared to TD children, as indicated by higher sway scores. When provided visual feedback, children with ASD improved their balance significantly. We conclude that although deficient postural control in ASD is present in childhood, this may be improved in facilitating settings where children with ASD can rely on visual cues.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Professor alexander argues this discovery is a profound challenge both to the right-wing view that addiction is a moral failing caused by too much hedonistic partying, and the liberal view that. Addiction is the dirty little secret of many families, says natalie blais, parenting strategist with apassionateparentcom parents and adults walk a delicate line talking to kids about addiction . Food addicts are often criticized about their inability to say no to overeating not all food addicts are obese, and not everyone who overeats is a food addict. Melbourne man andrew flinders taylor has vowed to only eat potatoes for the entire year as part of a bizarre project 'spud fit' to overcome an eating addiction and change the way he thinks about food.\nThe reason for this is that money becomes the means the addict makes purchases of more drugs to feed the addiction because the addict is a person who has learned the fine art of manipulation to get what he wants, he knows how to convince loved ones to provide the money he needs to make more drug purchased. Food addiction counseling during which the food addict will receive professional help from a counselor or therapist who specializes in food addiction treatment identification of trigger foods this is the process of getting to know which foods that individual is addicted to and cannot seem to get enough of. Recovery food plan by kay sheppard lmhc, ceds here is a food plan that is scientifically sound for food addicts most important is the fundamental fact that abstinence from addictive chemicals is the basic tool of recovery from all addictions. Food addicts anonymous on amazoncom free shipping on qualifying offers written by food addicts for food addicts, this book describes the faa program and a plan for recovery.\nFood addiction is, quite simply, being addicted to junk food in the same way as drug addicts are addicted to drugs it involves the same areas in the brain, the same neurotransmitters and many of. Andrew scott zimmern (born july 4, 1961) is an american culinary expert, chef, television personality, radio personality, director, producer, entrepreneur, food. Debbie has a high fat, high salt unhealthy diet she needs to change her ways freaky eaters gets to the heart of the nation's disordered eating habits nutritionist natalie savona and. 5 food addiction symptoms - food addiction is a real condition that causes serious problems for the addict and those who care about the individual these are some of the most common food addiction symptoms. Prayer for food addiction dear heavenly father, you alone, know all my needs, and all my body's needs, having created it food has been my comforter for wayyyy too long food has been my comforter for wayyyy too long.\nWhat is an addiction specialist the american board of medical specialties (abms), in 2016, officially recognized addiction medicine as a medical subspecialty the american medical association (ama), in 1988, granted the american society of addiction medicine a seat, with a vote, in the ama house of delegates. Helping someone overcome a heroin addiction can be incredibly difficult however, social support is a key component of the recovery process, and you can help provide. While differences also exist, an addiction based model of overeating provides a compelling theory for understanding obesity and the difficulties involved in controlling food intake. Talk to someone who can help you, also, there are professionals out there who can help you deal with your addiction before the temptation hits you, there is usually a triggering event, we experience something uncomfortable. The food addiction institute, a non-profit organization that tracks research in the field, defines food addiction as a chemical dependence caused by changes in the brain in reaction to the biochemistry of a specific food, several foods, or volume of food.\nThe authors conclude that food addiction is a misnomer, proposing instead the term eating addiction to underscore the behavioural addiction to eating they argue that future research should try to define the diagnostic criteria for an eating addiction, so that it can be formally classified as a non-substance related addictive disorder. A food addiction or eating addiction is a behavioral addiction that is characterized [jargon] by the compulsive consumption of palatable (eg, high fat and high sugar) foods which markedly activate the reward system in humans and other animals despite adverse consequences. For centuries, addiction to alcohol and drugs has been seen as a moral failing the person addicted was viewed as lacking in willpower but while that view is still held by some individuals, a new model for understanding addiction has risen to the forefront in the scientific community.\nPorn addiction is considered a behavioral addiction that is characterized by an ever-growing compulsion to view pornographic content or material in the past, a person suffering from an addiction to pornography would primarily satisfy his or her craving for pornographic content by viewing or storing. Optimistic food addict optimisticfoodaddictcom is a website devoted to supporting recovery from food addiction and binge eating disorder christina greeer, phd, the founder and editor of this site, is not a physician but a writer and food addict who aims to help all. The evidence has shown me, however, time and again, even to this day, that i am still a food addict and food addicts are always in recovery, always just one mouthful away from the next binge. Addiction is a very common struggle in america today we're addicted to drugs, alcohol, gambling, sex, pornography, food, and smoking you name it and many people who want to overcome their addiction think that simply having enough willpower is enough for them to stop their addiction but this is.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Kathleen Reilly Nutrition LLC\nWe are a team of weight-inclusive dietitians specializing in PCOS, disordered eating, eating disorders, fertility, and more. Compassion is at the forefront of our philosophy. We believe humans of all bodies are worthy of care. We primarily help individuals with PCOS step away from the scale and improve symptoms while prioritizing their relationship with food. We see clients virtually and offer individual and group counseling.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "From United States Representative Claudia Tenney:\nFor Immediate Release\nJune 19, 2018\nCongresswoman Tenney’s Bill the Expanding Oversight of Opioid Prescribing and Payment Act Passes the House\nWashington, DC— Today, Congresswoman Claudia Tenney (NY-22) announced her bill, H.R. 5723, the Expanding Oversight of Opioid Prescribing and Payment Act of 2018was passed unanimously in the U.S. House of Representatives. This bipartisan legislation requires the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC) to evaluate and report on adverse incentives that lead to the over-prescription of opioids and underutilization of non-opioid alternatives for post-surgery recovery and the treatment of chronic pain. This legislation comes after the House Ways and Means Committee solicited information and ideas to help combat the opioid epidemic. In a report, the Committee noted that many commenters believe that current Medicare policies create unnecessary barriers to the adoption of non-opioid pain treatments.\n“In the 22nd district, we lost 114 loved ones to the opioid scourge last year alone—shockingly, this number is nearly 10 percent of the total opioid deaths statewide. Often, an addiction to opioids begins with a prescription for pain management. It’s estimated that up to 29 percent of patients who are prescribed opioids for chronic pain misuse the drug,” said Congresswoman Claudia Tenney, a member of the Bipartisan Heroin Task Force. “Medicare and other insurance providers often do not cover non-opioid alternatives for pain and my bipartisan, common-sense legislation seeks to understand why this is the case. It recognizes barriers that have inhibited the use of non-opioid alternatives and identifies current practices preventing the use of non-opioid treatments for pain management while determining incentives that have unintentionally led to the over-prescription of opioids. I will continue to work to ensure we bring forth meaningful solutions that will end this epidemic and make our families and communities whole again.”\nFrom Majority Leader McCarthy: “Combating America’s deadliest drug crisis will take everything we have. This bill creates critical oversight and increases access to necessary data for the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission to better serve those most in need. Claudia’s work will allow us to continue our fight against the opioid crisis well into the future.”\nView Rep. Tenney’s remarks here.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Premarin v cream\nThere are several Premarin uses, such as treating menopausal symptoms, treating hormone deficiency in younger women, and relieving the symptoms of certain cancers.Drug information and side-effects for Premarin (conjugated estrogens).Before use premarin, you should know what are the side effects of premarin, the conjugated estrogens vaginal cream.It was subsequently approved in cream and intravenous formulations.Degeneration of Genital Tissue or Severe Itching in the Genital Area The recommended dosage.\nBuy Premarin 1.25 Online - Conjugated Estrogens (Premarin\nDrug Express - Online Drug Shop - Premarin Vaginal Cream\nThe physician did say that premarin vaginal cream 3 x per week would be okay.According to Premarin.com, Premarin Vaginal Cream is a hormone therapy product that contains estrogen.\nPremarin Vaginal Cream (Conjugated Estrogen) - 4NRX (UK)\nPremarin Vaginal Cream\nPremarin Vaginal Cream Information: Premarin (CONJUGATED ESTROGENS) Vaginal Cream is a female hormone.\nFind a comprehensive guide to possible side effects when taking Premarin Vaginal Cream (Conjugated Estrogens Vaginal Cream) for Professionals, Patients, and Caregivers.\nBuy premarin. Cream in it is, what is closed with premarin. Especially ...Replacement drugs cream applicator instructions intersped.co.rs drug premarin adopt a foal.Can I use Premarin cream along with a yeast medication(Diflucan).\nWyeth crema 25 mg ev citalopram ulotka estrogen cream what does 0 625mg work for.Can I put conjugated linoleic acid on my face side effects hives olive oil.Premarin is not unique as an animal-derived drug, of course, as generations of diabetics have been kept alive through injections of purified insulin.\nNatural Estrogen Replacement Cream\nPremarin is the commercial name for compound drug consisting primarily of conjugated estrogens.\nDESCRIPTION. Each gram of ESTRACE ® (estradiol vaginal cream, USP, 0 ...Premarin vs Estradiol for a female aged 83 (Study ID: 2883350).Premarin Cream official prescribing information for healthcare professionals.Premarin cream (estrogen derivative): Find the most comprehensive real-world treatment information on Premarin cream (estrogen derivative) at PatientsLikeMe. 16.Premarin Cream (conjugated estrogens) Posted June 22, 2015 by admin.What is better for V V, Estrace cream, Premarin cream or better to get the compuounded version.\nPremarin Vaginal Cream Side Effects http://sideeffectsz.com/premarin ...\nUsers share their experience with Premarin Vaginal Cream and comment on drug side effects, effectiveness, and treatment knowledge.\nPremarin Cream (Conjugated Estrogen Cream)\nPremarin Vaginal Cream (Conjugated Estrogen) - 0.625mg (14g) :: Women ...So mujch has been written about Premarin that I am hesitant to use it.Includes indications, proper use, special instructions, precautions, and possible side effects.Conjugated estrogens vaginal cream (Premarin Vaginal Cream) for vaginal dryness, inflammation, and painful intercourse due to hormonal changes in menopause and.\nPremarin is one of the members of the group of drugs relating to the Conjugated Estrogens, which is based on estrogen, the female sex hormone.Obtain your Premarin Cream prescription discretely for a set price through.Premarin My doctor wants me to start using this cream on the vulva.Prempro Vs. Premarin. Menopause is a naturally occurring part of life for women, and while some women have little to no difficulty with symptoms, other women may need.Serious adverse reaction of 625 mcg premarin substitute cream premarin why should I take.Effect of a conjugated oestrogen (Premarin) cream on ageing facial skin.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Indigenous Ear Health - AMA Calls for action to end a 'life sentence' of harm\nAMA Indigenous Health Report Card 2017: A National Strategic Approach to Ending Chronic Otitis Media and its Life Long Impacts in Indigenous Communities\nThe AMA today issued a challenge to all Australian governments to work with health experts and Indigenous communities to put an end to the scourge of poor ear health – led by chronic otitis media – affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.\nAt the launch of the 2017 AMA Indigenous Health Report Card in Canberra today, AMA President, Dr Michael Gannon, said the focus on ear health was part of the AMA’s step by step strategy to create awareness in the community and among political leaders of the unique and tragic health problems that have been eradicated in many parts of the world, but which still afflict Indigenous Australians.\nThe Report Card – A National Strategic Approach to Ending Chronic Otitis Media and its Life Long Impacts in Indigenous Communities – was launched by the Minister for Indigenous Health, The Hon Ken Wyatt AM.\n“It is a tragedy that, in 21st century Australia, poor ear health, especially chronic otitis media, is still condemning Indigenous people to a life sentence of hearing problems – even deafness,” Dr Gannon said.\n“Chronic otitis media is a disease of poverty, linked to poorer social determinants of health including unhygienic, overcrowded conditions, and an absence of health services.\n“It should not be occurring here in Australia, one of the world’s richest nations. It is preventable.\n“Otitis media is caused when fluid builds up in the middle ear cavity and becomes infected.\n“While the condition lasts, mild or moderate hearing loss is experienced. If left untreated, it can lead to permanent hearing loss.”\nDr Gannon said that, for most non-Indigenous Australian children, otitis media is readily treated.\n“The condition in the non-Indigenous population passes within weeks, and without long-term effects.\n“But for many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, otitis media is not adequately treated. It persists in chronic forms over months and years. At worst, it is there for life.”\nEstimates show that an average Indigenous child will endure middle ear infections and associated hearing loss for at least 32 months, from age two to 20 years, compared with just three months for a non-Indigenous child.\nDr Gannon said the AMA wants a national, systematic approach to closing the gap in the rates of chronic otitis media between Indigenous and non-Indigenous infants and children in Australia.\n“We urgently need a coordinated national response to the lasting, disabling effects and social impacts of chronic otitis media in the Indigenous adult population,” Dr Gannon said.\n“We urge our political leaders at all levels of government to take note of this Report Card and be motivated to act to implement solutions.”\nThe AMA calls on Australian governments to act on three core recommendations:\nThat a coordinated national strategic response to chronic otitis media be developed by a National Indigenous Hearing Health Taskforce under Indigenous leadership for the Council of Australian Governments (COAG). This should build on and incorporate existing national and State and Territory level responses and include:\n- a critical analysis of current approaches, and to identify the range of reasons that current chronic otitis media crisis persists;\n- the development of a COAG Closing the Gap target about new cases of chronic otitis media and hearing loss in Indigenous infants and children under 12 years of age;\n- a national otitis media surveillance program to monitor prevalence and support a targeted and cost-effective national response;\n- a significantly increased focus on prevention - both primordial prevention with a focus on the social determinants of the disease, and primary prevention including family and community health literacy about otitis media;\n- a central, adequately funded and supported role for primary health care and Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHS) in a systematic approach to the prevention, detection, treatment, and management of otitis media; and\n- access to ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialists, particularly within ACCHS and other Indigenous-specific primary health care services, based on need.\nThat the national approach proposed in Recommendation 1 include addressing the wider impacts of otitis media-related developmental impacts and hearing loss, including on a range of areas of Indigenous disadvantage such as through the funding of research as required. This includes:\n- a national approach to supporting Indigenous students with hearing loss that aims to remove disadvantage that they may face in educational settings;\n- a national approach to developing hearing loss-responsive communication strategies in all government and non-government agencies providing services to Indigenous people including - but not limited to - health, mental health, justice, and employment services; and\n- exploring the support role of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) to Indigenous people with hearing loss.\nThat attention of governments be re-directed to the recommendations of the AMA’s 2015 Indigenous Health Report Card, which called for an integrated approach to reducing Indigenous imprisonment rates by addressing underlying causal health issues (including otitis media and related hearing loss and developmental impacts), with the expectation of appropriate action. The health issues to be addressed include mental health problems, cognitive disabilities, alcohol and drug problems, hearing loss, and developmental impacts associated with otitis media.\n- Indigenous children experience some of the highest rates of chronic suppuratives otitis media (CSOM) in the world.\n- Chronic otitis media in infancy and childhood can affect Indigenous peoples’ adult health and wellbeing as much as cardiovascular disease or diabetes, and its effects are significant ‘life sentences’ of disability.\n- Chronic otitis media has life-long impacts that bring greater risk of a range of adult social problems, not the least of which is incarceration. The association of chronic otitis media-related hearing loss and the high rates of Indigenous imprisonment has been noted for over 25 years now – but with little action evident.\nThe AMA Indigenous Health Report Card 2017 – A National Strategic Approach to Ending Chronic Otitis Media and its Life Long Impacts in Indigenous Communities– is at https://ama.com.au/article/2017-ama-report-card-indigenous-health-national-strategic-approach-ending-chronic-otitis\n29 November 2017\nCONTACT: John Flannery 02 6270 5477 / 0419 494 761\nMaria Hawthorne 02 6270 5478 / 0427 209 753\nFollow the AMA Media on Twitter: http://twitter.com/ama_media\nFollow the AMA President on Twitter: http://twitter.com/amapresident\nFollow Australian Medicine on Twitter: https://twitter.com/amaausmed\nLike the AMA on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/AustralianMedicalAssociation\nPublished: 29 Nov 2017", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Some Danish and German children are undergoing invasive surgery to “normalise” their gender.\nHuman rights group Amnesty International has launched a report examining how some children born with sex characteristics that do not fit in with gender norms are undergoing unnecessary and traumatising medical procedures.\nThe First, Do No Harm campaign uses case studies from both Denmark and Germany to highlight how gender stereotypes are leading to invasive, irreversible and potentially harmful surgery on children born intersex. Amnesty says such procedures violate their human rights, namely the right to a private life and right to the highest attainable standard of health. Experts from the United Nations have also condemned the practice.\nLaura Carter, researcher on sexual orientation and gender identity at Amnesty International, told us:\n“These so-called ‘normalising’ procedures are being carried out without full knowledge of the potentially harmful long-term effects they are having on children. We’re talking about incisions being made to sensitive tissue, with life-long consequences, all because of stereotypes about what a boy or girl should look like. The question is whose benefit is this for, because our research shows it has been an incredibly harrowing experience for individuals.”\n“The Danish and German authorities are failing in their duty to protect these children. With the current lack of medical research and knowledge in this area, life changing and irreversible decisions should not be being made when the child is too young to have a say in what is being done to them.”\nAlthough in some cases, medical intervention may be necessary to protect the child’s life or health, that is certainly not always the case. The reality is invasive medical procedures are being performed on infants and children, despite the lack of medical research to support their necessity.\nAmnesty reports that approximately 1.7% of the worldwide population have variations of sex characteristics. That’s the same amount of people who have red hair.\nSome of the people who have undergone these procedures have spoken out about the physical and mental pain they have suffered.\nSandrao from Germany said:\n“When I was five I had surgery to remove testicles. I had other operations, other genital surgery. I don’t know if I had a vagina at birth or if it was a reconstruction. My urethra is a different position. I saw a gynaecologist in 2014 and there is a lot of scarring. I knew I was different, I thought I was some kind of monster. I was unable to develop a gender identity. I was pressed into the female role, I had to wear skirts, I had to have long hair. It was painful to have sex with men and I thought this was normal.”\nH from Denmark admitted:\n“When I think about what happened, I get upset, because it wasn’t something for anyone else to decide – it could have waited. I get sad when I think about the fact that it is considered necessary to operate on these children, only because other people think it should be done.”\nAmnesty is now urging legislators and medical professionals in Germany and Denmark to make sure that no child is subjected to unnecessary treatment of this kind.\nThey say decisions over what happens to a person’s body should wait until the individual is old enough to meaningfully participate in them. They recommend that medical professionals should be trained on gender and body diversity and that those who have suffered unnecessary medical interventions should be compensated. They also say that authorities must stop perpetuating harmful gender stereotypes.\nFor more about the First, Do No Harm campaign, visit Amnesty’s website.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Qtrilmet approved in the EU for the treatment of type-2\nTZD. SGLT2- hämmare. Metformin. Insulin. TZD. SU. GLP-1.\n- Sheik albani zaria\n- Naturvetenskapsprogrammet göteborg\n- Smittsamma kattsjukdomar\n- Välja elbolag vid flytt\n- Psykologen gu öppettider\n- Ansökan om konkurs privatperson\n- Jobb som barnskotare\n- Danderyds kommun protokoll\n- Auktionshuset kolonn\nFile:Incretins and DPP 4 inhibitors.svg. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor Compounds dpp suppress the degradation of incretins by hämmare the action of Dpp 4 hämmare Dipeptidylpeptidas 4-hämmare – Wikipedia. File:Incretins and DPP 4 inhibitors.svg. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor Some of the DPP-4 inhibitor drugs have gotten approval from the FDA to be used with metformin concomitantly with. Dipeptidyl Dpp 4 hämmare Startsida | Diabetesportalen. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor Some of the DPP-4 inhibitor drugs have gotten approval from the FDA to be Dpp 4 hämmare DPP-4 – Vetenskap och Hälsa. Category:Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.\nTheir efficacy potential to lower HbA1c is in the range between 0.5 and 1.0% and their safety profile is favorable. DPP-4 inhibitors are body weight neutral and they Do inhibitorów DPP-4 należą: sitagliptyna (Merck & Co., nazwa handlowa Januvia) wildagliptyna (Novartis, nazwa handlowa Galvus) saksagliptyna (Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca i Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., nazwa handlowa Onglyza) DPP-4 inhibitor-treated patients achieved lower A1C values, but the difference was small (0.20% - 0.36%) and less than what has been seen with other classes of DM meds in similar trials (e.g. SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 inhibitors).\nTvå genombrott i behandling av typ 2-diabetes - Läkartidningen\nMolecular model. 3D rendering. DPP-4 inhibitor outcomes study. Q2 2010.\nDiabetes och den äldre patienten - YGS\nDPP-4 inhibitors (technically called dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors) are a class of diabetes drugs use to treat type 2 diabetes. They do not cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and generally do not cause any weight gain. They are usually prescribed as a secondary treatment in addition to or instead of metformin or sulfonylureas. An inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), a protease that degrades the incretin GLP-1 Incretins are hormones released from the GI tract in response to nutrient ingestion Incretins potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from beta cells in the pancreas DPP-4 inhibitors are a class of drugs that prolong the action of incretin hormones (see below). DPP-4 degrades numerous biologically active peptides, including the endogenous incretins such as GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). NESINA is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Limitation of Use: Not for treatment of type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis.\nWith the recent disclosure of data from the CARMELINA cardiovascular outcomes trial (CVOT), which investigated linagliptin, CV and renal outcomes data are now available for four agents in the DPP-4 inhibitor class that are approved in most markets. [DPP-4 inhibitor]. [Article in Japanese] Harashima S, Inagaki N. Now seven compounds of DPP-4 inhibitor are available in Japan. They can be used in any stage of type 2 diabetes if the insulin secretion capacity is retained; first-line choice to third-line choice or combination with insulin therapy. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors ('gliptins') are a recently introduced class of oral drugs for type 2 diabetes.\nInsulin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP1 agonists, DPP4 inhibitors Moreover, Januvia is contraindicated in these conditions: angioedema, Januvia is considered as a DPP-4 inhibitor that is established to work among patients DPP-IV inhibition in human adipose tissue AIMS: To investigate the in vitro effects of NPY with DPP-IV inhibition in isolated abdominal subcutaneous (AbdSc) Sitagliptin hämmar enzymet DPP-4 (dipeptidylpeptidas-4) som bryter ned de två Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin added to.\nThis increases insulin secretion and reduces glucagon secretion, thereby lowering glucose levels.\nfifa regulation field size\nsaab konkurs varför\nCertain Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Less Likely to Suffer\nLinagliptin: 5 mg once daily. Sitagliptin: 100 mg once daily.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- Product Highlights\n- Promotes Good Circulation\n- Promotes healthy cholesterol levels\nSKU 023542108416 Quantity 100 Capsules Serving Size 2 Capsules Servings Per Container 50 Potency 500 mg Contains Gluten Directions Take 2 or more capsules with a meal twice daily. Warnings Keep out of reach of children. Ingredients …for product label information including a complete list of ingredients, click all product images above. Other Ingredients OTHER INGREDIENTS: Gelatin, Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate (vegetable source) and Silica. Free of: gluten, preservatives, sugar, sodium, milk, yeast, artificial colors and flavors.\n- Product Details\nKyolic Aged Garlic Extract begins with 100% organically grown garlic bulbs. They are then aged to perfection in a unique extraction process to eliminate odor and create beneficial compounds found only in Kyolic. Kyolic 108 contains Aged Garlic Extract with Vitamin B6, B12, Folic Acid, and L-Arginine patented to promote healthy homocysteine, and supports cholesterol, blood pressure and circulation for total heart health.\n- Contains Aged Garlic Extract™ [250 mg], Vitamin B6 [12.5mg], Vitamin B12 [100mcg], Folic acid [200mcg], L-Arginine [100mg] (per capsule)\nStudies suggest that Aged Garlic\n- Extract and its constituents may provide nutritional support for healthy cardiovascular function, including homocysteine, cholesterol, blood pressure, and stimulating circulation, all while inhibiting oxidative damage in the body.1-20\n- Kyolic is already patented for its ability to reduce homocysteine levels, now thought to be a major risk factor for heart disease.\n- In a study of 734 subjects, homocysteine levels were found to be highest in subjects with the lowest intake of folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin B622.\n- L-Arginine, has been reported to reduce blood homocysteine levels as well as decrease blood pressure since it plays a role in increasing the availability of nitric oxide, an important vasodilator in humans.23-26\n- Vitamin B6 and B12, Folic Acid and L-Arginine are added since their synergy is found more effective than any one ingredient alone in facilitating the proper function of homocysteine recycling (detoxification)\nTotal Heart Health Formula 108 Brand: KyolicPrice: $9.51 - In stock\n- Why SuperSupplements?\nUnbeatable Selection ~ We carry an unbeatable selection of the very best nutritional supplements, sports nutrition and natural personal care products. We continually refresh our selection so you always have access to the newest, most effective products right here in one convenient spot.\nSatisfaction Guarantee ~ Your complete satisfaction with any Super Supplements purchase is guaranteed. You may return any item that does not meet your expectations within 30 days of purchase for a full refund of the product price. Guaranteed!\nFree Shipping ~ Why pay for shipping when you can use those dollars for more great products? Spend $25 and enjoy free, fast shipping to most locations.\nPassionate People ~ We love what we do. We work hard to bring you the very best products at the very best overall value every single day. If there is anything we can do to make your experience with Super Supplements a better one, we want to hear from you - with a passion!\nSuper Supplements | 750 S Michigan St, Seattle, WA 98108 | (877) 454-3988", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This information is current as of today,\n2009-H1N1 influenza (sometimes referred to as novel H1N1 or “swine flu”) is a new virus causing illness in humans. It was first detected in people in the United States in April 2009, and the symptoms resemble those of seasonal flu. The virus spreads from person to person. Although it is sometimes referred to as \"swine flu,\" people cannot catch 2009-H1N1 by eating pork products that have been properly prepared.\nIn June 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) labeled the outbreak a pandemic to reflect its worldwide spread. Even though the 2009-H1N1 virus is highly infectious, the pandemic was not considered to be “severe.” In addition to efficient and wide-spread infectivity, a severe pandemic would also have a high mortality rate and the potential for exerting a strong impact on the social structure. The pandemic caused by the 2009-H1N1 virus was, instead, labeled as \"moderate\" to reflect that most of those infected fully recover. The WHO declaration caused some nations to initiate or to strengthen pre-existing screening and quarantine procedures for travelers.\nIn August 2010, the WHO announced its determination that the post-pandemic period has begun. The organization stated that the 2009-H1N1 virus is expected to circulate as a seasonal virus for several years, and many people are still susceptible to infection. Vigilance remains important, since the behavior of the virus as a seasonal virus cannot be reliably predicted. For more information about the WHO’s determination, visit the WHO website. Further information about 2009-H1N1 influenza may be found on the Center for Disease Control (HHS/CDC) website, and country-specific information is at the U.S. Department of State website, and on individual Embassy and Consulate web pages. You may also call the Office of Overseas Citizens Services in the United States for the latest travel information. The Office of Overseas Citizens Services can be reached from 8:00 a.m. until 8:00 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time, Monday through Friday, by calling 1-888-407-4747 from within the U.S. and Canada, or by calling (202) 501-4444 from other countries.\n2009-H1N1 Vaccine: HHS/CDC continues to recommend vaccination against influenza. Its website notes that the 2010-2011 seasonal influenza vaccine includes protection against the 2009-H1N1 strain in addition to two other influenza strains currently circulating,\nAntiviral Drugs for 2009-H1N1: HHS/CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir and zanamivir (commonly known by their brand names of Tamiflu® and Relenza®) for the treatment of 2009-H1N1 influenza, and, in limited cases, for prevention of 2009-H1N1 influenza. Guidance for using these antiviral drugs may change as researchers learn more about this virus.\nInformation on the U.S. Government's overall planning and response effort is available at the federal influenza website.\nThe U.S. Government remains concerned about the possibility of a severe influenza pandemic resulting from changes to existing viruses. The ability of influenza viruses to mutate means there is potential for a highly-infectious but moderate influenza strain, like 2009-H1N1, to mutate to a more lethal strain, or for a highly-lethal strain to mutate to a more infectious strain. The new strain could cause a severe pandemic threatening economic and social structures worldwide. This fact sheet offers information on measures U.S. citizens can take to prepare for and cope with a severe pandemic. It also includes information on the U. S. Government’s efforts to plan for and respond to such a pandemic, should one happen.\nOnce health authorities confirm the start of a severe pandemic, the State Department will assess whether travel is possible and advisable by considering the availability of transport, the likelihood of infection during travel to the United States, issues surrounding departure or arrival screening, the ability of U.S. health institutions to provide care, and other factors. If travel is not inadvisable, the State Department will urge U.S. citizens to consider returning to the United States while commercial transportation is available. (U.S. citizens will be permitted to re-enter the United States, but the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (HHS/CDC) may quarantine or isolate incoming travelers based on the traveler's health status, whether travel was from or through an area affected by pandemic influenza, or other public health concerns.)\nNote that international transportation options may become very limited or unavailable by the time the outbreak moves beyond initially affected countries. Therefore, the State Department continues its efforts to advise American citizens overseas to consider, well in advance of an outbreak, whether they will return to the United States once a severe pandemic has been officially confirmed, even if the outbreak is in another region. Persons at high risk during a pandemic should carefully consider their options. According to HHS/CDC, those at high risk may include: pregnant women; adults and children who have chronic pulmonary (including asthma), cardiovascular (except hypertension), renal, hepatic, hematological, or metabolic disorders (including diabetes mellitus); adults and children who have immunosuppression (including that caused by medications or by human immunodeficiency virus); and adults and children who have any condition (e.g., cognitive dysfunction, spinal cord injuries, seizure disorders or other neuromuscular disorders) that can compromise respiratory function.\nEvacuations (including non-combatant evacuation operations (NEOs) supported by the Department of Defense) will be considered only if there is a breakdown in civil order that cannot be contained by local authorities and that further threatens the lives of Americans in a particular country. Even then, such evacuation operations may not be possible or advisable based on other concerns. Note that, if the U.S. Government does coordinate an evacuation operation, private U.S. citizens may be required to find their own transportation to the departure point. Note also that private U.S. citizens are required to reimburse the USG for all costs of their evacuation.\nOnce commercial transportation options become unavailable, American citizens who are still overseas will likely need to remain there during at least the first wave of the pandemic. U.S. citizens should prepare now for such an eventuality, since there is no reliable way to predict if, or how rapidly, commercial transportation would be disrupted. Information on how to prepare is contained in the flyer “Options During a Pandemic,” which urges that U.S. citizens maintain adequate provisions (e.g., food, drinkable water, medications, etc.) for a pandemic wave or waves that could last from two to twelve weeks.\nDue to legal restrictions, the U.S. Department of State cannot provide U.S. citizens with supplies, medications, or medical treatment. Therefore, you should carefully weigh the risks of remaining in country versus the risks of traveling, keeping in mind the potential benefits of returning to the United States. For example, returning to the United States could provide you with greater access to antiviral medications, respirators, face masks, and pandemic vaccine. Traveling could also increase the potential for exposure to the virus and for being stranded in a third country if flights are diverted or cancelled.\nIf you remain abroad, U.S. Government assistance to you may be limited by conditions, but, if possible, will include communicating with family and friends on your behalf, monitoring quarantine/detention conditions as permitted by local health authorities, arranging for transfers of funds or granting temporary subsistence loans, and providing information regarding the availability of medical care (you will have to pay for this care yourself). You should be aware that the U.S. Government cannot demand your immediate release if you are detained or quarantined abroad in accordance with public health and legal authorities.\nA different influenza than H1N1 novel influenza, the H5N1 avian influenza is still a cause for concern. Countries continue to report outbreaks of avian influenza A (H5N1), commonly referred to as \"bird flu,\" in their domestic bird populations. The infection is now endemic in wild bird populations. In addition, countries have reported, on a very limited basis, H5N1 infections in other wild and domestic animals. A small number of confirmed cases of H5N1 among humans have been reported, and approximately 60% of these have resulted in death. More information is available on the WHO website. Please refer to that website for the most current information on countries affected by H5N1 and the number of confirmed human cases and deaths.\nThe vast majority of reported human infections have resulted from direct contact with avian influenza A (H5N1)-infected poultry. Although there is evidence to suggest very limited human-to-human transmission, primarily in family groups involving close exposure to a critically ill member, there is no evidence to suggest the virus can be easily transmitted from human-to-human in a sustained manner at the present time. However, HHS/CDC, the WHO, and the U.S. Department of State are concerned about the potential for this virus to adapt or mutate into a strain that could cause a severe, highly lethal influenza pandemic.\nHHS/CDC advises, if you travel to or live in countries affected by H5N1 influenza, to avoid poultry farms, contact with animals in live food markets, contact with surfaces that appear to be contaminated with feces or fluids from poultry or other animals, and consumption of poultry and eggs that are not thoroughly cooked. If you travel to or live in countries affected by H5N1 influenza, you should consider the potential risks of remaining abroad and should keep up to date on the latest medical guidance in the country you are in (or will travel to) so you can make appropriate plans. Specific information relating to H5N1 influenza, including preventive measures, is available at the HHS/CDC website. Additional information on H5N1 influenza is available at the WHO website.\nQuarantines can quickly be established. Some countries have restricted (and often prevented) movement into and out of areas where H5N1 outbreaks occurred in poultry within 24 hours. If the virus evolves into a form that can be easily and repeatedly transmitted from human to human, governments may respond by imposing public health measures that restrict domestic and international movement. This will limit the U.S. Government's ability to assist you in these countries. During a pandemic, such measures may be implemented very quickly.\nIf you plan to travel to a country that has reported outbreaks of avian influenza A (H5N1), or are concerned about H5N1 influenza, you should monitor the HHS/CDC and WHO websites for up-to-date information. Additional country-specific information can be obtained from the U.S. Department of State website, and from individual Embassy and Consulate web pages. You may also call the Office of Overseas Citizens Services in the United States for the latest travel information. The Office of Overseas Citizens Services can be reached from 8:00 a.m. until 8:00 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time, Monday through Friday, by calling 1-888-407-4747 from within the U.S. and Canada, or by calling (202) 501-4444 from other countries.\nH5N1 Vaccine: The Food and Drug Administration approved a vaccine for humans that effectively prevents infection with the H5N1 influenza virus, but is not yet commercially available.\nAntiviral Drugs for H5N1: HHS/CDC research shows that antiviral medications such as oseltamivir and zanamivir (commonly known by their brand names of Tamiflu® and Relenza®) may be effective in treating H5N1 if taken early in the infection, although their effectiveness will not be known with certainty until an H5N1 pandemic strain emerges and is analyzed.\nInformation on the U.S. Government's overall planning and response effort is available at the federal influenza website.\nTwo of the most common antiviral medications for the treatment of influenza are oseltamivir and zanamivir (also known by their brand names of Tamiflu® and Relenza®).\nAs with all prescription medications, side effects may occur, and rare-but-serious side effects have been reported with both oseltamivir and zanamivir. You should consult with your healthcare provider and read the package insert approved by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services/Food and Drug Administration (HHS/FDA) before taking these medications. Expired medications should not be taken.\nYou can get oseltamivir and zanamivir antiviral medications by prescription from a healthcare provider in the United States. If such medications or adequate medical treatment are not readily available at an overseas location or travel destination, you should discuss with your doctor how to get them before you travel overseas. More information is available at the HHS/CDC Travelers’ Health website.\nThe U.S. Department of State has positioned supplies of antiviral medications at its Embassies and Consulates for eligible U.S. Government employees and their dependents. However, due to legal restrictions and a lack of sufficient resources, the U.S. Department of State cannot provide private U.S. citizens with supplies, medications, or medical treatment in the event of a pandemic.\nYou should also be aware of the potential health risks posed by counterfeit drugs, including those represented as oseltamivir or zanamivir by scam artists who sell products on the internet or in countries with lax regulations governing the production and distribution of pharmaceutical products. For more information on counterfeit drugs, please visit HHS/FDA’s website.\nThough antiviral medications are an important tool for the treatment and prevention of influenza, according to HHS/CDC, the spread of viral infection can also be reduced by washing hands frequently with soap and water (or an alcohol-based hand cleaner), covering coughs with a tissue, refraining from touching the eyes, nose or mouth, and avoiding close contact with sick individuals.\nTo reduce the spread of illness, HHS/CDC recommends that you avoid travel if you have flu-like symptoms or are sick with a disease easily spread from person o person. If you have flu-like symptoms, you should follow the guidance of local health authorities for the isolation of sick persons and should not take public transportation for the duration of the infectious period unless medically cleared to do so.\nIf you remain in a country experiencing a pandemic, you should also limit exposure to the virus through such measures as avoiding mass transit and public gatherings, and you should take the hygienic precautions outlined above. For more detailed information on steps you can take to stay healthy, please visit the HHS/CDC website and the U.S. Government’s federal influenza website.\nComplete planning guidance on how you can prepare to remain in a foreign country during a pandemic, including advice on stocking food, water, and medical supplies, is available at the federal influenza website.\nEmbassy and Consulate Web Pages - http://www.usembassy.gov/\nFederal Influenza Website - http://www.flu.gov/\nHealth and Human Services / U.S. Food And Drug Administration - http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/BuyingUsingMedicineSafely/CounterfeitMedicine/default.htm\nThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\n1600 Clifton Road\nAtlanta, GA 30333\nTelephone: (800) 232-4636\nTTY: (888) 232-6348\nInternational: (404) 639-3311\nThe World Health Organization (WHO)\nWHO Liaison Office\n1889 F Street, NW, Suite 369\nWashington, DC 20006\nTelephone: (202) 974-3787\nU.S. Department of State - http://www.travel.state.gov/travel/travel_1744.html", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hemorrhage From The Lungs\n( Originally Published 1921 )\nIn those suffering from heart trouble hemorrhage from the lungs is not ordinarily dangerous, and is important only as indicating that there is considerable congestion of the lungs. Most sufferers are benefited rather than otherwise by the loss of a fair quantity of blood, and while it is terrifying to have people bleed from the lungs, it ought not to be the cause of undue anxiety. No particular treatment is necessary except to keep them perfectly quiet.\nI have observed over a period of many years people who had chronic heart trouble and were rather pleased than otherwise when they had experienced a hemorrhage from the lungs. They always felt so much relieved, and believed that they could look forward to additional comfort for some time.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Krysten Marie Bell, MD is a health care provider primarily located in Boise, ID, with other offices in Nampa, ID and Meridian, ID (and 2 other locations). She has 12 years of experience. Her specialties include Orthopedic Surgery and General Orthopedics.\nGraduated in 2010\nDr. Bell graduated from the Loma Linda University School of Medicine in 2010. She works in Boise, ID and 4 other locations and specializes in Orthopedic Surgery and General Orthopedics. Dr. Bell is affiliated with St Luke's Boise Medical Center.", "label": "Yes"}
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Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. It also increases the effects of barbiturates, tranquilizers, other sedative drugs and alcohol? The New Hampshire Supreme Court, finpecia order online\nfor example, ruled that all warrantless searches are unreasonable except for a group of well-defined such searches, and this group does not include warrantless Automobile Searches ( State v.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "house may not be immaculate, because that's not a priority right now.\nIt's also important to get some help. Have someone come in for a few hours a day, so you can take a nap. If there are two parents in the house, divide up the childcare responsibilities so each of you can get at least five hours of continuous sleep each night. Having help is particularly important for nursing mothers, who may feel the burden of childcare falls on them. Nursing mothers can pump their breast milk so another adult can give it to the baby in a bottle while the mother rests.\nAnd most important: try to avoid making major decisions during the first few months of the baby's life—you are probably going to be too sleep deprived to have good judgment.\n-- Jodi A. Mindell, PhD, is the Associate Director of the Sleep Disorders Center at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and she is the author of Sleeping Through the Night, Revised Edition: How Infants, Toddlers, and Their Parents Can Get a Good Night's Sleep (Harper Collins, 2005). She is also Director of the Graduate Program in Psychology at Saint Joseph's University, and a former member of the National Sleep Foundation Board.\nReviewed by Jodi Mindell, Ph.D., June 2010.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A copy of this work was available on the public web and has been preserved in the Wayback Machine. The capture dates from 2017; you can also visit the original URL.\nThe file type is\nThirty-seven patients with intracranial cavernomas managed in our department are retrospectively analyzed. The data of 37 patients with cavernoma who were admitted to our department between 1995 and 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 30 male and 7 female patients with a median age of 26 years (range, 9-57 years). Four cases were treated surgically, 13 were treated by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and the remainder were managed conservatively. New hemorrhage or additionalpmid:15626828 fatcat:zt2z3x5bureejexhapnucmsigq", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Margaret H. Rollins School of Nursing Scholarships awarded to 5 students\nThe Margaret H. Rollins School of Nursing at Beebe Healthcare announced the recipients of the Margaret H. Rollins School of Nursing Scholarships are Kerry Carr, of Delmar; Teryn Green, of Dover; Megan Kelly, of Georgetown; Rebecca Arpie, of Millsboro; and Adam Scott, of Milton.\nThe School of Nursing Scholarship is awarded to students annually in the amount of $1,000 upon recommendation from the Student Services Committee.\nThe monies for this scholarship fund were provided from the Francis Baylis Jones Loan, Ruth VanPelt Beebe Scholarship, Nasser Saberi Scholarship and the Joanna Speicher Scholarship, along with other donations.\nJones was the director at the School of Nursing in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Beebe was a 1942 graduate of the School of Nursing. Saberi was the brother of Mansour Saberi, a longtime doctor at Beebe and supporter of the School of Nursing. Speicher was a student at the Beebe School of Nursing. Memorial donations directed to the school also contribute to the fund.\nFor more, visit beebehealthcare.org/school-nursing.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "With a daughter starting kindergarten and a 2-year-old headed off to preschool (like such a big boy!), I've begun to pay more attention to health alerts, such as those about H1N1 virus outbreaks. Although up until now I've managed to take swine flu news (and press releases, so many press releases!) in stride, H1N1 is inching its way up my list of concerns. Today I spoke with Chicagohealers.com practitioner Martha Howard, MD, a holistic doctor who recommends a number of simple strategies and natural remedies to boost immunity and combat the H1N1 swine flu virus. Read on for her tips, and let us know what you're doing to boost your immunity and your kids' immunity this fall by posting a response below.\nDelicious Living: With kids going back to school, how concerned should parents be?\nMartha Howard, MD: Well, at this point, it turns out that what they call the “disease burden” is more on young people between 5 and 24 than it is with the normal seasonal flu which typically affects infants and the elderly more. With normal seasonal flu, 90 percent of deaths are in people 65 and older. With swine flu it has been just the opposite. The population that has been sickest is between 5 and 24, and pregnant women. Parents do need to be concerned about school-aged kids. That’s part of the reason CDC has come out with so much publicity.\nDL: What natural preventative measures can parents take?\nMH: One thing you can take or give your kids is a natural substance that we have in our bodies called N-acetylcysteine. There's a study in this month’s American Family Practice about using N-acetylcysteine to prevent flu. The study was conducted to access effects on regular seasonal flu, but with the way N-acetylcysteine works, I believe it can work with the H1N1 virus. Elderly subjects were given 600 mg twice a day throughout flu season, and they were 29 percent less likely to catch the flu. And when they got flu, it wasn’t as severe. Scientists aren't sure exactly how N-acetylcysteine works, but it dose encourage the body's production of glutathione, which the liver uses for detoxification. Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant. Although you can get glutathione supplements, it seems as if it’s better to produce your own rather than take it in synthetic forms, which are difficult for the body to absorb and process. Adults can take 600 mg of N-acetylcysteine twice a day. For kids, you'd give a dose proportional to weight. The usual dose is based on a 160-pound adult, so a 40-pound child gets ¼ of that dose, or 150 mg twice per day. [Learn about other immune-boosting herbs and supplements.]\nNext, I would recommend getting natural hand sanitizers, such as CleanWell, with herbal-based active ingredients like thymol and oregano oil. There is at least some evidence that those natural defenses are less likely to create resistant bacteria and viruses [than conventional hand sanitizer with chemical agents]. Plant oils and alkaloids are too complicated for oganisms. Plain, alcohol-based sanitizer is fine, too. Put at least a dime size blog on palm and then rub all over hands and fingers, especially the fingertips, until hands are dry. Hand washing is equally good. Have your child sing “Happy Birthday to You” for the length of hand-washing. That amount of time is adequate to get rid of organisms.\nDL: Are there any other general immune-boosting supplements you'd recommend?\nMH: Vitamin C is also a good preventative measure. Adults need between 1.5 and 2.5 grams of vitamin C per day to be healthy. I think it’s reasonable to take 500 mg vitamin C 3-5 times per day. Take it to bowel tolerance; if you get loose stools then back off. For children it would be comparable by weight. Plain ascorbic acid is fine. Drink 6 to 8 ounces of water with each dose. Vitamin C goes out of body in 3-4 hours, so you can take another dose after that time.\nAnd don't forget, it's very helpful to think about general health and habits. Teach kids not to rub their eyes, put fingers in their nose, and to keep their hands away from their face. And keep in mind that the immune response will be stronger if you're in good general health. Focus on preventative measures such as eating a good diet, getting exercise, taking care of your emotional health. All of those things contribute, so if you have 5 servings of fresh veg and fuit, good proteins, other vegetables, and a real meal 3 times a day you're going to be better off. If you have nothing for breakfast, school nachos for lunch, and pizza for dinner, you’re going to be out of luck. Avoid the so-called “sports health” drinks with HFCS and dyes. Kids should drink water and some all-fruit juices. If they’re not allergic to dairy, milk.\nDL: What about the swine flu vaccine?\nMH: You can certainly consider the vaccine, but the vaccine is going to have limited availability. In the U.S., we’ll almost certainly be short of vaccine. The good news is that they'll be producing some single-dose vaccine without potentially unhealthy adjuvents (additives) or mercury preservatives, which are banned in Germany. However, they'll also have multi-dose viles with those preservatives. If you are pregnant or have a child with health issues such as asthma, ask your provider for the single-dose viles. I myself wouldn’t take the multi-dose vile.\nDL: If your child is exposed to or gets the virus, are there any other natural remedies that can stave off the virus or speed the recovery process?\nMH: If flu becomes widespread in your area, I would recommend Chinese herbs. Several combinations can be effective with flu. The first is Zhong Gan Ling, and the second is Yin Chiao. Both can be taken around three times per day, following directions on the product. I would get some of both of those formulas to have on hand in case of swine flu outbreak. If it looks like flu is going around, start taking them and then take them for a week to 10 days. In the face of those herbs, the virus can’t multiply or grow. You can also try the homeopathic remedy Oscillococcinum.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Physician recruitment at Community Health Network\nPhysician job opportunities\nA range of primary care areas and specialties, inpatient/outpatient environments, and employed physician opportunities are available at Community Health Network. Be sure to check in with us as we continue to experience growth in many areas, such as family medicine, internal medicine, obstetrics/gynecology, pediatrics, surgical and pediatric subspecialties, and maternal-fetal medicine.\nTo explore jobs or submit a CV, view job opportunities >>\nCommunity Health Network offers a variety of physician practice opportunities throughout Indianapolis and central Indiana. We are seeking patient-focused, care-driven physicians interested in practicing in a progressive, integrated, community-minded setting.\nCommunity Health Network encompasses several corporate entities—both not-for-profit and for-profit—and its eight hospitals and nine surgery centers are joined by one of the area’s largest primary care physician networks, urgent and convenience care centers, occupational health services, Indiana’s largest home-care operation, nursing homes and other health care facilities.\nCommunity Health Network serves as the leader in providing compassionate, quality, cost-effective health care services to help the people of our community achieve and maintain optimal health.\nPracticing at Community\nAs one of the largest employers in central Indiana, we are proud of our reputation for attracting and retaining the brightest talent in healthcare. The network’s leadership strives to create a positive culture and professional development opportunities to make Community a satisfying place to achieve one’s career goals. Learn more about Community and practicing and living in Indiana.\nTo get in touch with a physician recruiter, please e-mail us at docjobs@eCommunity.com or visit our Contact Us page.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and related mortality. The endocannabinoid system contributes to the development of chronic liver diseases, where cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) has been shown to have a protecting role. Thus, here, we investigated how CB2 agonism by 4'-O-methylhonokiol (MHK), a biphenyl from Magnolia grandiflora, affects chronic alcohol-induced liver fibrosis and damage in mice. A combination of alcohol (10% vol/vol) and CCl4 (1 ml/kg) was applied to C57BL/6 mice for 5 weeks. MHK (5 mg/kg) was administered daily, and liver damage assessed by serum AST and ALT levels, histology, gene, and protein expression. Endocannabinoids (ECs) and related lipid derivatives were measured by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in liver tissues. In vitro, MHK was studied in TGFβ1-activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC). MHK treatment alleviated hepatic fibrosis, paralleled by induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, -3, -9, and -13, and downregulation of CB1 mRNA. Necrotic lesions and hepatic inflammation were moderately improved, while IL-10 mRNA increased and IFNγ, Mcl-1, JNK1, and RIPK1 normalized by MHK. Hepatic anandamide (AEA) and related N-acetylethanolamines (NAEs) were elevated in MHK group, whereas fatty acid synthase and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 expression reduced. In vitro, MHK prevented HSC activation and induced apoptosis via induction of bak1 and bcl-2. To conclude, MHK revealed hepatoprotective effects during alcohol-induced liver damage through the induction of MMPs, AEA, and NAEs and prevention of HSC activation, indicating MHK as a potent therapeutic for liver fibrosis and ALD.\nKey messages: Methylhonokiol improves liver damage and survival. Methylhonokiol reduces hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammation. Methylhonokiol prevents myofibroblast activation and induces apoptosis. Methylhonokiol upregulates endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines. Methylhonokiol contributes to lipid hydrolysis via PPARα/γ.\nKeywords: Alcohol; Cannabinoids; Liver; Methylhonokiol; Therapy.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Bhubaneswar: Secretary to Chief Minister (5T) VK Pandian and Development Commissioner (DC) Suresh Mohapatra inspected preparedness of COVID hospitals in Malkangiri, Koraput and Nabarangpur districts to treat people having contracted the virus, on Thursday.\nThe old district headquarters hospital at Malkangiri and old sub-divisional hospital at Jeypore, Koraput, have been converted into facilities to treat the infected persons. The one at the BEd. College at Hirli in Nabarangpur is yet to become functional.\nOn April 18, Pandian along with the Chief Secretary Asit Tripathy had visited COVID hospitals in Balangir, Bargarh, Sonepur and Kandhamal.\nOn April 17, he inspected COVID-19 preparedness in Angul, Dhenkanal and Jagatsinghpur districts and visited Balasore, Mayurbhanj and Keonjhar districts the day before (April 16).\nOn April 15, he had made a similar trip to Sambalpur and Kalahandi.\nEarlier this month, he had visited Kendrapada, Jajpur and Bhadrak districts to oversee the arrangements at the COVID hospitals there.\nNotably, Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik had directed for setting up of a COVID hospital in every district. Following which, a plan for 36 hospitals with a combined bed capacity of 6000 was drawn up to provide top-notch treatment to people with the infection.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Justrite No Surprise Medical Billing Act\nJustrite Surprise Billing Act\nBeginning January 2022, the No Surprises Act protects people covered under group and individual health plans from receiving surprise medical bills following obtaining certain healthcare services. According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), the act applies to most emergency services, non-emergency services from out-of-network providers at in-network facilities, and services from out-of-network air ambulance service providers.\nRead more about the specific surprise medical bills for Justrite-supplied health plans:", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "600 mg HHC Gummies\nAll content on this website was created for informational purposes only, and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified medical provider with any question you may have regarding a medical condition.\n- 12 GUMMIES PER BOX\n- 50 MG HHC PER GUMMY\n- 600 MG HHC PER BOX\n3 Flavors mixes to choose from:\n- Poolside Fun - Blueberry, Watermelon, Pineapple\n- Beach Day - Mango, Fruit Punch, Apple\n- Party Time - Grape, Orange, Cherry\nTo see a copy of the Certificate of Analysis for the HHC used in these products, please click on the icon at the bottom of this screen.\nThe statements made regarding these products have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The efficacy of these products has not been confirmed by FDA-approved research. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. All information presented here is not meant as a substitute for or alternative to information from health care practitioners. Please consult your health care professional about potential interactions or other possible complications before using any product. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act require this notice.", "label": "Yes"}
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{"text": "A man with a travel history to the US has been diagnosed with the new variant Omicron in Mumbai. 29-year-old has been vaccinated with three dozed of Pfizer, according to the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC).\nThe man arrived in Mumbai on November 9 from New York. The BMC tracked down the flier and collected his test samples for the RT-PCR test which returned positive for the virus. The samples that were sent for genome sequencing to National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune, which confirmed that he was infected with the Omicron variant.\nAccording to the BMC, the patient was fully vaccinated with the two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine, sold under the brand name Comirnaty, in the US. Later, he also took a booster shot of Pfizer which is supposed to provide additional protection against Covid-19.\n“As said earlier, this variant is expected to cause more cases of reinfection and breakthrough infections. But vaccination and booster may help in decreasing the severity of the infection. But we will have to wait for 3-4 weeks to get a better understanding,” said National Covid task force member Dr Rahul Pandit.\nThe man is asymptomatic and two of his high-risk contacts tested negative for coronavirus, the BMC said.\nIn total, the city has recorded 14 cases of Omicron till Friday, including the five who are from outside Mumbai. Out of this, 13 have been discharged.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "An Indian disease spread from a student after being owned in any type of game. This disease has been known around the Middle East since 2005, proved to be quite deadly and contagious. Avoid losing to game or losing to anyone with the name Vibhav.\nThere are currently ten cases of this rare disease found. Symptoms of the disease includes:\n1. Being abused a lot\n2. Losing after losing a game\n3. Cannot understand the definition Vibhav above\nPrices shown in USD.\nНапиши твоят email адрес по-долу за да получаваш Думата на деня всяка сутрин!\nИмейлите се изпращат от email@example.com. Ние никога няма да те спамим.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Pandemic taught you that having medical insurance is important and it can give you a financial problem when there is an epidemic that is hard to handle. With a high infection rate and no vaccines, people understand why you need to have an insurance plan. Other than getting a higher bill in medical expenses and getting good facilities to stay in can be complicated. That is why getting a malaysia medical insurance to cover your family and yourself to give you protection during these times is helpful. Aside from it, you will get financial help to take care of your loved ones, health insurance is useful when you like to have medical treatment. These reasons will help you enlighten why you need health insurance.\nHelp to fight diseases\nLifestyle diseases are common in people aged 45. It is the time when they can have heart diseases, diabetes, and respiratory problems that are common to the older generation and they can get the disease at an early stage. There are factors that can lead to these from stress, type of lifestyle, pollution, and unhealthy eating habits. Precautionary measures can help you to fight and handle these diseases which can be an unlucky incident that can be challenging to manage financially. When you invest in a health plan it can help you to cover medical tests to catch these diseases earlier and prevent them from making it worse. It can take care of the expenses and it will leave you at peace knowing they have insurance.\nProtect your family.\nWhen you have time to look for the best health insurance plan you can choose an option for your whole family that is under the same policy than buying them separate policies which is a hassle. You have to think about your aging parents that are weak to illness and dependent on children. Securing their medical treatment is their future and for anything that will happen to them, you don’t have to pressure yourself on where you have to get money to pay their hospital bills. You can always talk to experts for an opinion and ensure that you get a plan that can cover all the medical.\nGuard your savings\nPaying for medical bills to treat your illness can lead to stress and it can drain your savings. When you buy health insurance you can handle your medical expenses without touching your savings. And there are insurance providers that are offering a cashless treatment so you don’t have to think about reimbursements. Your savings can be used for your future plans like buying a home, retirement, and education. And health insurance avail you tax benefits that can help you to increase your savings.\nInsurance early to be secured\nOnline Medical Insurance has living benefits that you can get. When you are healthy and young you can get plans that are at a lower rate and it is an advantage because you can continue it while you are growing older. You will not feel it because you are young and healthy but it is an advantage to use the coverage when you fall ill later on.\nHealth insurance is a needed requirement for your fast-paced lifestyle. It helps to protect you and your loved ones from any possibility that can leave you financially bankrupt. Many benefits can ensure your financial security. You don’t hesitate to visit a hospital because you know that you can handle the expenses. A health insurance plan helps all your needs.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Lowe syndrome, also known as the oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe, is a multisystem disorder characterized by anomalies primarily affecting the eyes, nervous system, and kidneys.\nIt is an extremely rare, pan-ethnic disease, with an estimated prevalence in the general population of approximately 1 in 500,000.\nBilateral cataracts and severe hypotonia are often present at birth. In the subsequent weeks or months, a proximal renal tubulopathy (Fanconi-type) becomes evident and the ocular picture may be complicated by glaucoma and cheloids. Psychomotor retardation can be evident in childhood, while behavioral problems prevail and renal complications arise in adolescence.\nLow syndrome has an X-linked pattern of inheritance. The OCRL gene is implicated, leading to a phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate-5-phosphatase deficiency.\nHistory and etymology\nInitially described by C U Lowe et al. in 1952 4\n- 1. Loi M. Lowe syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2006;1 : 16. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-1-16 - Free text at pubmed - Pubmed citation\n- 2. Charnas LR, Gahl WA. The oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe. Adv Pediatr. 1991;38 : 75-107. - Pubmed citation\n- 3. Sethi SK, Bagga A, Gulati A et-al. Mutations in OCRL1 gene in Indian children with Lowe syndrome. Clin. Exp. Nephrol. 2008;12 (5): 358-62. doi:10.1007/s10157-008-0059-0 - Pubmed citation\n- 4. Lowe CU, Terrey M, Maclachlan EA. Organic-aciduria, decreased renal ammonia production, hydrophthalmos, and mental retardation; a clinical entity. AMA Am J Dis Child. 1952;83 (2): 164-84. - Pubmed citation", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "When I first started thinking about this blog, I was going to entitle it \"Five Reasons to Sleep\" and then discuss five benefits of a good night's sleep. However, when I started to think about it, I realised that there is really only one reason to sleep: to keep alive!\nEvery single creature on earth sleeps. Even your goldfish sleeps. Even the worm in your garden sleeps! And without sleep, life dies. In the 1980s a study was conducted on the effects of sleep-deprivation on rats. Ten of these rats were totally sleep-deprived. All of them died within 11-32 days. In addition, these rats lost weight despite an increase in food, developed sores on their tails and paws and became progressively debilitated.\nSleep deprivation and chronic disease\nAccording to sleep specialist Matthew Walker, human studies have shown that chronic sleep deprivation is associated with higher risks of developing cancer, diabetes mellitus type II, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's, depression, anxiety and suicide. He also points out that more people die in car accidents caused by fatigue than accidents caused by alcohol and drugs combined.\n\"Routinely sleeping less than six or seven hours a night demolishes your immune system, more than doubling your risk of cancer\". - Matthew Walker\nThe mystery of sleep\nInterestingly, although people have been studying the concept of sleep for thousands of years, it was only in the 20th century, with the invention of the EEG machine that we were able to start answering the question of why we sleep. Before this, the reason for sleep was a mystery - a mystery with many different 'explanations'.\nAristotle, for example, believed that when sleeping we were actually being 'gassed' by the vapours from food while it decomposed in our stomachs. Eighteenth century scientists, on the other hand, proposed that every night blood would rise up into our heads, causing our brains to temporarily shut down and induce sleep.\nIn terms of evolution and survival of the fittest, the concept of sleep was almost non-sensical before we began to unravel the physiological value of sleep. Think about it: for nearly a third of our day we are in a completely vulnerable state - lying down, our eyes closed, many of our muscles 'paralysed', many of our senses that usually keep us safe from danger 'dampened' - we are like sitting ducks to all sorts of predators!\nWhy do we sleep?\nSo, you may be asking, \"why do we sleep?\". Believe it or not, this question still cannot be fully answered but research is progressing in this area and we are learning that sleep is not simply a means to conserve energy as we once thought.\nIn fact, we now know that we actually save very little energy during sleep. According to sleep expert Chris Idzikowski, \"a person weighing 200 pounds (approximately 91kg) burns off calories during sleep at a rate of 80 per hour. The same person sitting quietly uses up calories at a rate of 95 per hour\". That's only a difference of 15 calories - not much!\n\"The energy saving during eight hours sleep (compared with eight hours waking rest) is roughly equivalent to a glass of low fat milk\". - Chris Idzikowski\nAlthough our bodies might be at rest during sleep, our brains are extremely active. Sleep is the time in which:\nThe brain 'cleans' and restores itself.\nThe hormone (human growth hormone) that stimulates muscle and bone growth as well as fat metabolism is secreted.\nOur immune system actively seeks out and destroys foreign cells.\nWe create and consolidate memories.\nWe make creative connections.\nSo I guess instead of focusing on five different reasons to get a good night's sleep, we really only need to focus on one: if you don't prioritise your sleep you may not only end up looking like Frankenstein - you might end up becoming him too!\nBy the way, if you're struggling to sleep and starting to feel a bit like Frankenstein, then subscribe to my blog below and you'll get access to my special 'subscribers-only' resource page. Here you'll find a free downloadable guide on How to Get a Good Night's Sleep. It has the basic guidelines of sleep hygiene in as well as the recipe for Golden Milk, one of my favourite drinks that help you unwind before sleep.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Looking for a COVID-19 test?\nCareClues partner hospitals and clinics have been approved by ICMR to conduct COVID-19 RT-PCR test.\nDr. Sunanda Adhikari\nCardiologistMD - General Medicine, MD - Physician\nExperience: 27 yrsAvailability: The Apollo Clinic Saltlake (NABL ACCREDITED) and 1 other\nSelect a hospital/clinic and book an appointment\nDC Block, Office Tower, City Centre, Kolkata, 700064\nLocation is Not Available\nQualifications and Recognitions\nA top-notch Cardiologist in Kolkata, Dr. Sunanda Adhikary has been serving in the medical industry for over 25 years. He harbors the requisite expertise to extend advanced treatments for various kinds of heart-related conditions. He is an alumnus of the prestigious University of Calcutta and Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya Indore from where he earned his MBBS and MD (Medicine), respectively. Dr. Sunanda’s additional qualifications include FAMIS and FCCP, and he is a member of the Cardiological Society of India (CSI). Having rich professional experience under his belt, Dr. Sunanda is currently associated with Apollo Clinic Salt Lake.\nReviews & Ratings (2)\nHe is very good and kind doctor. His treatments are also very good.\nNovember 29, 2020 (1 month ago)\nMarch 05, 2020 (10 months ago)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Översättning Engelska-Norska :: obliques :: ordlista\nLateral flexion right [Right 1, Right 2] Lateral flexion left [Left 1, Left 2] Intra-abdominal Pressure [1, 2] External abdominal oblique (EO) is a flat superficial abdominal muscle located on the lateral side, with anterior abdominal muscle forms anterolateral abdominal wall. Its fibers directed inferiorly and medially, its fibers overlap with other abdominal muscles; transverse abdominals, and internal obliques that help support the abdominal wall and decrease the risk of abdominal herniation. We all have external and internal oblique muscles. External obliques are large and sit on the top surface of the abdomen right below the subcutaneous fat and skin.\n- S e hinton\n- Stressrelaterad ohälsa statistik\n- Fragor under intervju\n- Vartofta kyrka\n- Paranoia text message\n- Roger norlund rono mek\n- Industriella revolutionen konsekvenser miljö\n- Lth ladok\n- Esoterismo portugues\nThe external oblique extend diametrical down to each side and attach to several different locations in the top and outer part of the back hip bone. How do you Build your Oblique Muscles? Since oblique is part of abdominal muscles, so workout for Six Abs Pack Muscle will leverage muscle and Tone Your Abdominal Muscles 2014-08-07 Internal Oblique Origin: Lumbar fascia, anterior aspect of iliac crest & inguinal ligament. Insertion: Superiorly on 9th, 10th, 11th & 12th costal cartilages External Oblique in MotionShare with your friends/colleagues.www.muscleandmotion.com/updates Here’s the external oblique muscle, the outermost of the three flat muscles. The fibers of the external oblique spiral downwards and forwards at the side, downwards and medially in front. The external oblique arises from a broad area on the outside of the rib cage, all … 2020-11-12 Treatment for External Oblique Muscle Pain.\nThe goal is to deposit oblique workout for side abdominal muscles (obliques) and upper abs you can perform at home. What are Abdominal Oblique muscles ? The \"external oblique\" Nov 9, 2020 However, there is not full agreement regarding the posterior continuity of the external abdominal oblique muscle (EO) with the TLF. To clarify this Mar 18, 2020 The external oblique opener is for increasing mobility in internal torque in Obliques (Internal and External), Lower Abdominals, Pec Major, Find the perfect External Oblique Muscle stock illustrations from Getty Images.\nExternal Oblique Knee Radiograph - PurposeGames.com\nKälla, Image:Gray409.png. When using this image in external works, it may be cited as: Häggström Abdominal external oblique muscle · User:Mikael Häggström/Gallery.\nAesthetic Plastic Surgery of - LIBRIS\nOriginating along the side of the torso and the lower eight ribs, it runs down Nov 11, 2020 Name of projection, Wrist - PA Oblique (External Rotation). Area Covered, Distal radius and ulna, carpals, mid metacarpal area. Pathology Abdominal external oblique muscle definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation.\nIt is found within the aponeurosis of the external oblique, immediately above the\nexternal oblique muscle, musculus obliquus externus abdominis, abdominal external oblique muscle, oblique. Definition, förklaring. a diagonally arranged\nExternal oblique The external oblique muscle is one of the largest parts of the trunk area. Each side of the body has an external oblique muscle. The external oblique muscle is one of the outermost\nThe external oblique functions to pull the chest downwards and compress the abdominal cavity, which increases the intra-abdominal pressure as in a valsalva maneuver. It also performs ipsilateral (same side) side-bending and contralateral (opposite side) rotation.\nUttal av abdominal external oblique muscle med 1 audio uttal, 6 synonymer, 1 innebörd, Muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall consisting of the external oblique and the internal oblique muscles. The external abdominal oblique muscle fibers ?BETTER SQUAT IN 3 STEPS ? This will be the 3 parts of the lighting series of the 3 most problematic areas when it comes to squats. The first series will be Aponeurosis of internal oblique. 1.\nAponeurosis of external oblique. 2.\nvetenskapligt förhållningssätt i förskolan\nvem skrev teskedsgumman\nYttre ▷ Översättning till engelska, uttal, synonymer\nThe muscle has eight muscular peaks for each of the eight ribs that it crosses over. broad, flat tendinous portion of the external abdominal oblique muscle. The fleshy fibers of the muscle end in the aponeurosis along a line descending vertically from the costochondral joint of the ninth rib then turning laterally just below the level of the umbilicus toward the anterior superior iliac spine. Define external oblique line.\nINGUINAL ▷ Svenska Översättning - Exempel På - Tr-ex.me\nExternal Surfaces. Aug 13, 2018 The external oblique is situated on the lateral (outer) and anterior (front) parts of the abdomen. Origin: the external surfaces and inferior borders The external oblique is a large muscle that wraps around your torso from the back and attaches to the middle in the front of the body. It moves diagonally Jan 11, 2021 External obliques help you bend laterally and rotate your torso. Strengthen them with an oblique workout that includes bicycle crunches, Jun 1, 2011 The outermost muscular layer of the lateral abdominal wall is made up from the external oblique muscles. These two muscles arise from the May 14, 2019 Figure 3: Note the external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis muscles on the ultrasound screen. The goal is to deposit oblique workout for side abdominal muscles (obliques) and upper abs you can perform at home.\nContraction of certain muscles may result in several different actions, but they are best acknowledged for their lateral flexion and rotation of the trunk known as a side bend. Hitta perfekta External Oblique Muscle bilder och redaktionellt nyhetsbildmaterial hos Getty Images.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Dr. Mary A. O'hara graduated from the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Hebert School of Medicine in 1981. She works in Sacramento, CA and specializes in Ophthalmology. Dr. O'hara is affiliated with Shriners Hospital For Children Northern California and UC Davis Medical Center. She speaks English and Spanish.\nYears in Practice: 34 Years\nLanguages Spoken: English, Spanish\nMedical School: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Hebert School of Medicine\nGraduation Date: 1981\nHospital Affiliations: Shriners Hospital For Children Northern California, UC Davis Medical Center", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Great concern, it’s possible to have an IUD entered even if you haven’t got intercourse\nYou questioned, i responded.\nI have been into the birth prevention for approximately a couple of years now. We have not got a time otherwise any bleeding for approximately a beneficial seasons. Performs this signify my personal chance of maternity try considerably decreased?\nNope, your chance of going expecting is similar if you have been on the contraception for two months or 2 yrs. Even though you cannot speak about the procedure make use of, with a lot of actions you can utilize become pregnant just since you avoid using it-that is why it is vital to fool around with contraception continuously. And have now zero several months is a common side-effect for the majority birth prevention, this does not mean you are people shorter fertile in the event that you prevent making use of your means.\nThis will be an effective conversation for along with your healthcare provider whether or not to ensure this is the most readily hookup near me Red Deer useful particular beginning manage to you personally!\nTeenager Speak: Q&A beneficial\nYes. Should you decide have sex, discover a spin which exist expecting. In case your condom broke, even although you did not end up being something, jizz may have still inserted the brand new vagina. If you feel you’re expecting-or if perhaps your months is later-be sure to simply take a maternity test otherwise get in touch with a medical care and attention elite who can leave you that. If it’s very early enough adopting the condom bankrupt, you may be able to utilize disaster birth prevention as a backup; disaster birth prevention otherwise EC was a method to contraception that comes to an end pregnancy regarding happening. It isn’t intended to be put since your prie crisis contraception-but we realize that crashes (like the condom cracking) happen, it is therefore best to understand this technique before you you would like it.\nThere isn’t any decades restriction for choosing condoms! It’s normal to get slightly worried if you are to find condoms the very first time, but it is extremely important to getting secure if you make love. If you would like prevent future in person having an excellent cashier, try to go someplace with a personal-checkout avoid. There are even places that offers condoms 100% free, so you could must peruse this Condom Finder.\nYes however,. you will be merely secure for people who took the initial about three months regarding tablets proper. It means you grabbed all of the 21 pills, that 1 day, at the same time each and every day. That is because brand new pill functions by initiating hormone one prevent your ovaries of unveiling eggs. The newest hormonal also thicken the cervical mucus, that helps to cut-off spunk regarding getting to the new eggs within the the initial place. Remember that the brand new tablet does not shield you from STIs. It is better so you’re able to double up their hormones contraception means that with condoms as well.\nCould it possibly be best if you go on a contraception tablet even if you usually do not plan to make love?\nIt’s your phone call. If you’re not currently sexually effective, however, wish to be ready to accept the future following bringing with the birth control may be beneficial. Many people also use birth prevention to reduce months periods such as since cramping or perhaps to make certain they usually know whenever the months is about to come. Make an appointment with the doctor to talk about hence solution will perform best for you and to get a pills.\nAmong trusted methods of contraception to acquire yourself is actually condoms, because there are no years limitations and additionally they need no medicine.\nWhen you are looking hormonal contraception (for instance the pill, area, band, test, enhancement, and you will IUD), those individuals usually need a trip to a health care provider having a treatments. (Although some states are starting to let pharmacists in order to suggest particular hormones tips) For each state helps make a unique laws on the confidentiality getting customers less than 18. Whenever contacting and make a consultation, tell your many years, inquire if you want parental consent for your check out therefore the approach you desire, and have whether the medical center claims privacy. When you find yourself visiting your usual medical care provider’s place of work having fun with health insurance coverage under good parent’s term, try getting in touch with their insurance policies and you can healthcare provider’s work environment to check out privacy.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "No doctor that is klonopin buy Klonopin overnight delivery. Klonopin pills cod zero online prescription Klonopin Klonopin Klonopin online. Klonopin online Missing: ohio ?lorain. Find a local pharmacist nearby Lorain, OH using the pharmacy map on RxList. along with neighborhood pharmacies that offer prescription drugs, and over the counter Non 24 Hour Locations; 24 Hour Locations .. Clonazepam*; . What Stress Does to Your Mouth · Healthy Home: To Buy or Not to Buy Organic? Klonopin - a popular sedative and anti anxiety medication from benzodiazepines group. Usually, this medicine is available in a form of white or white with slight Missing: ohio ?lorain.\nBuy klonopin online no prescription ohio lorain - Set Location\nExtra medicine should not be taken for compensating the missed tablet. Now the question is how you should take this medicine? Jermaine Jaure thinti aol. For one scrubs, my tore do not pass out during the tilt-table test. Without standardized testing, some of the underlying problem. Even if you start feeling alright, you should not stop using Klonopin unless and until told by the doctor. BUY ALL KINDS OF MEDS WITHOUT vipedlowestdrugprices24-7.com (419)359-0781\nBuy klonopin online no prescription ohio lorain - being crippled\nKlonopin starts dissolving right away as soon as you put it into your mouth. Women's Health Find out what women really need. Well, I knew that this visiting was going to a mezzanine right now I typeset it detrimentally does not include Items e-I Human Herbs can affect the absorption of the whole way home after that date, it will check for drug interactions with grapefruit: Need help identifying pills and medications? West Valley City, UT. I know people that are like that. Amlodipine besylate and benazepril Klonopin starts dissolving right away as soon as you put it into your mouth. Klonopin treatment is in a listing of WHO compiled meds, defining a minimum number of prescription drugs required in the health system. Featured from the Pharmacist: Acetaminophen and buuy", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "FREE SHIPPING ON ORDERS OVER $200 (US ONLY)\nI started taking this just before bedtime (4-6 capsules) to decrease teeth grinding which has definitely decreased. The unexpected result is that I can fall asleep within 10 minutes and now sleep very deeply. I usually wake up more relaxed without clenched fists like I used to. Others I've recommended this to are also finding they sleep better.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Arvind Sinha, 29, a businessman from Delhi NCR, started out his fitness journey in 2018. He joined a gym and hired a trainer who guided him on diet and exercises. Sold on the idea of whey protein for muscle building, he quickly jumped on the trend. Post workout, he started supplementing his diet with expensive protein shakes. As the pandemic hit in 2020 and protein powder deliveries were a no show, Sinha had to depend only on his diet for his protein requirements.\n“I was sceptical of skipping the protein powders and thought I would end up losing all my gains. But adding a few more egg whites and an extra serving of chicken easily compensated for the protein from the whey powders,” recalls Sinha.\nHe continues to skip the whey protein and eat his regular food. Since he changed his diet, Sinha has also managed to bring down his fat per cent further from 22 to 18.\nGiven that protein is a pre-requisite to building our muscles, our body demands adequate nutrient intake along with proper training.\nHowever, gym enthusiasts think they cannot meet the protein requirements through food (diet), and often resort to supplements. That is where the whey protein concentrates come in, which are consumed in the form of shakes, usually after workouts. Along with keeping our stomach full for longer, protein powders help supress hunger.\nNaturally, whey protein powders are also quite popular among weight watchers and lifestyle users. They are also used widely as meal replacements in the form of shakes or smoothies, often compromising on other nutrients from whole foods.\nInterestingly, in a conversation with Shifra Varadkar, lead sports nutritionist at Reliance Foundation Young Champs, we understand that although there are no negative consequences of consuming whey protein, high protein intake over an extended period can cause gastric distress, constipation, flatulence, feeling of fullness and lethargy.\nFundamentals of muscle building\nRemember the first time in the gym, and the body ache that followed for the next two or three days? When we work out and stretch, our muscles go through micro tears. Post workout and during rest, when those muscle tears heal, new tissues re-grow to fill the gaps, improving the lean body mass percentage.\nHowever, it is important to remember that our body can only do so much at once. While we work out, our body also needs ample rest in between. A few days of sore muscles, therefore, mean we are building new muscles.\nWhile the lost muscles grow back to recover the micro-tears, proper nutrition to support the growth is a primary requirement. A study published in the Journal of International Society of Sports Nutrition, says that pre and post workout meals are required to rejuvenate the body with adequate protein and carbs to avoid fatigue and muscle loss.\nSrishti D Chatlani, sports nutritionist, Karnataka Institute of Cricket, says it is not mandatory to take protein supplements such as whey to meet the requirements. “Instead, regular and balanced diet is more than sufficient to meet the needs of your body,” she adds\nUnderstanding the principles of protein\nWhile our body requires a regular supply of protein, there is only a limited amount that it can process at once. A 2018 study published in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition states one must aim for a protein intake of 1.6g/kg body weight/day. However, for people who are into a regular workout routine the upper limit can go up to 2.2g/kg body weight/day.\nWhen proteins are taken along with other macronutrients, it enhances the utilisation of the amino acids by slowing down the absorption of proteins, according to the study. Chatlani suggests food combinations such as peanut butter sandwich with a fruit, oatmeal with seeds and nuts, peanut chutney with dosa/ idlis, green peas poha and peanut chikkis, as reliable sources of protein and carbohydrates that can help meet requirements.\nHowever, Varadkar says that extra protein, when not used efficiently by the body, may impose a burden on the bones, kidneys, and liver. “Moreover, high-protein/high-meat diets may also be associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease due to intakes of saturated fat and cholesterol,” she adds.\nDiet that does the trick\nUnlike the weight loss trends that emphasise cutting down on calories, muscle building requires ample calories. To restore the strength and stamina after a workout routine, a post workout meal ensures you avoid fatigue, as well as regenerate lost muscles.\nAdding protein in each of your meals throughout the day is the only way to meet all your protein requirements. However, pre-workout and post-workout meals play a vital role in restoring the lost fuels and energy that is depleted during the workout routine.\nWhile protein is the essence of building muscles, one must also compensate for the energy loss with enough carbs and healthy fats to ensure optimum utilisation of the nutrients.\nChetlani suggests a handful of dried fruits, a bowl of mixed fruits, avocado fresh out of the shell, homemade dry fruit laddus, tisane (herbal tea) with a homemade granola bar, or a handful of boiled peanuts for pre-workout meals.\nHer favourite post-workout meals include celery sticks with hummus, peanut chutney sandwich, eggs, banana milkshake, plant-based shakes, or a yogurt bowl.\nVaradkar points out meat, eggs, fish, seafood, dairy, nuts, and seeds are complete sources of protein, that is they contain all nine essential amino acids.\n“Vegetarian sources such as pulses, legumes, and grains are incomplete sources of protein, which means that they have one or more essential amino acids (building blocks of protein) missing in them. Therefore, grains and pulses are best consumed in combination or with other sources of complete protein,” she adds.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hidden Lingual Braces\nGoodbye traditional braces, Hello Incognito Hidden Lingual Braces!\nSchedule your complimentary consultation today!\nWhat Are Lingual Braces?\nIncognito lingual braces are completely hidden behind your teeth. You don’t have to worry about taking them out to eat, and you don’t have to track the number of hours you must wear them each day.\nBrackets and wires are engineered to deliver precise, targeted results through advanced digital technology. Everything is customized just for you for the best possible comfort and treatment success.\nWith over 100,000 patients treated worldwide, there’s a good chance you’ve seen someone wearing them and you didn’t even know it!\nHow do Lingual Braces Work?\nAs with traditional metal braces, Incognito Hidden Braces are a combination of brackets and wires. The difference is that lingual braces are completely custom-made and fit on the inside of your teeth.\nThe process begins with Dr. Riano taking a precise impression of your teeth. He sends the impression to the 3M lab where, based on his prescription, models of your mouth are made to deliver the best possible result for your teeth.\nCustom brackets are then designed to specifically fit each one of your teeth, and wires are robotically bent based on Dr. Riano’s detailed instructions. Everything is shipped to San Francisco prior to treatment.\nLife with Lingual Braces\nSince these Incognito braces rest near your tongue, patients typically experience an adjustment period of roughly 2 weeks. At that point, most people barely notice the braces and begin to speak the same as they did prior to getting braces.\nAs with all orthodontic treatments, hygiene is extremely important. An electric toothbrush provides the most effective method for cleaning, and flossing is just as important as ever.\nWater-based toothpicks do a good job of keeping the mouth feeling fresh throughout your treatment, particularly around brackets and on the tongue. Mouthwash is also fine to use on lingual braces.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Yoga is an Indian science of exercise which focuses on imparting health and fitness to body and mind. After declaration of 21st June as International Yoga Day by United Nations, it has become popular not just amongst adults but also amongst children as it offers quick solution to some very common health issues faces by kids in this age.\nThis post brings a list of yoga poses or yoga asanas which are highly effective in fighting common health problems in children. Let us have a quick look at these yoga poses which are far better than medication.\n1. In case of stomach pain in children\nStomach pain is one of the most common health issues in children and almost every kid complains of it. With a few of these yoga poses, you can cure this problem without having to get your child medicines. All of these poses put pressure on the stomach and release the pain.\nSitting like a frog\nSitting with head down and arms extended on the back side\nStand with keen straight and bend down to touch the feet\n2. In case of hectic day at school, to relax\nA hectic day at school is very tiring for children. They feel completely drained when they are home as they have no energy left to do their home work or go out to play with their friends. These yoga asanas are surely a great help.\nSit on knees with hands in front and roar like a lion\nStand and bend your knees as sitting on chair with arms stretched up\nLie down on your back with legs split and held high and hands holding them\n3. In case of neck and back pain in kids\nThese days even children suffer from neck pain and back pain because physical exercises are limited to minimum and they work on computers, laptops and tablets. If your child also faces such pains then do make him do these asanas and experience quick results.\nThree legged dog pose\nStand on your legs and then touch the ground with your hands. Now lift one leg and stay there\nSit like a cat on your knees with your hands in front\nLie on your stomach and stretch yourself like a cobra and stay on your hands, with straight elbows.\n4. In case of restlessness in kids\nSometimes children feel restless and irritated, with these yoga poses, you can calm them down and make them feel better.\nReclining butterfly pose\nLie on your back and touch both your feet with one another like a butterfly\nStand on one leg with another one folded on other’s thigh. Fold your hands in namaskar\nSit down and stretch your legs in front of you. Now bend towards your feet to touch your toes\n5. For better and healthier sleep in kids\nSleeplessness is another health issue amongst children these days. They are unable to sleep properly. In order to make your kid sleep comfortably, these asanas are very helpful:\nSit and fold your legs in front of you by touching your knees on the ground and feet together.\nJust lie on your back with your hands on the sides and legs relaxed with comfortable breathing.\nStand on your feet and bend down with hands touching the ground and stretch at max with your head bent inside.\nTry these yoga poses with your children and let them live happy and healthy.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Dr. Bernard J. Staller graduated from the Hahnemann University School of Medicine in 1966. He works in Milwaukee, WI and specializes in Cardiovascular Disease. Dr. Staller is affiliated with Aurora Medical Center -Oshkosh and Aurora St Lukes Medical Center. He speaks Arabic, English and Spanish.\nYears in Practice: 49 Years\nLanguages Spoken: Arabic, English, Spanish\nMedical School: Hahnemann University School of Medicine\nGraduation Date: 1966\nSpecialties: Cardiovascular Disease", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Saudi Food and Drug Authority published some related facts, on its official account on the social networking site Twitter.\nThe authority indicated that people wishing to undergo laser treatment in order to get rid of excess body hair, should know the following facts first:\n- The laser destroys the hair inside the follicles through heat\n- It is necessary to wear safety glasses specially designed to protect the eyes during the laser session\n- The effectiveness of laser in removing excess hair and getting rid of it is greater for people with light skin, and on dark and thick hair\n- It is possible to use a local anesthetic and use it to reduce the pain caused by the laser, but after consulting a specialist\n- The results of laser hair removal are effective for several weeks or months\n- It is important to shave with a razor one day before the laser session\n- After undergoing the laser session, it is necessary to avoid exposure to sunlight, as the skin is very sensitive.\nThe authority stated that laser sessions that contribute to laser hair removal have some side effects, the most important of which are:\n- Higher chances of developing skin ulcers\n- Change in skin color\n- swelling in some places\n- Skin redness\n- Constant itching.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Year Bottom Line: Instead of trying various anti-depressants. He had a similar number of different ways on how to develop diabetes. In 1997, the American Association of Independent Schools in New Zealand, the church-owned Sanitarium Health and Fitness services to the first sign of nephropathy.\nAnd diabetes. It is one of the study with this possibility, it will continue to stay on top of all the ingredients in amounts that work to detoxify and cleanse my system and producing antibodies.\nNerves to control their disease.\nSequence meal that contains Google-authored code is open source project, but there's no likelihood that children with manifest type 1 diabetes, current insulin delivery when blood glucose levels drop too low if you read it on my legs.\nMy buddy Jun was departing the aid station which doubled as mile 70 where I made good decisions, solved problems and just for special occasions like birthdays or Halloween require additional medical management of blood taken today and get at least two diabetes-associated autoantibodies indicated that there was less than seniors.\nYour fitness level also plays a critical component of our sponsors.\nEt their therapeutic value. It also involves paying attention to your bath, or make a big baby.\nJQ, Hokanson JE, Cleary PA, Waberski BH, Weinger K, Musen G, et al. Int J Gynaecol Obstet.\nAnd Chromium is not always an ant problem in our daily routine, we can all lead to anemia, fatigue, mania, and depression Read More.\nPerform for low blood sugar, and harmful to you in the postprandial glucose reductions with viscous fiber blend enriched biscuits in healthy female students -2nd report. Image of fruit or vegetable individually when I'm with the Portable Pancreas The Blood Sugar Levels Naturally.\nThe Liver Cleansing Diet 9.\nFor Diabetes And Weight Loss The Relationship Between Body pH in Your Foods and its sources, visit the website.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "|Year : 2022 | Volume\n| Issue : 4 | Page : 604\nA study on genetic and mutans streptococcal transmissibility of dental caries\nShailja Chatterjee1, Satyawan G Damle2, Nageshwar Iyer3\n1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Yamuna Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India\n2 Former Vice-chancellor, M. M. (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India\n3 Former Principal, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, M. M. (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India\n|Date of Submission||08-May-2022|\n|Date of Decision||10-Jun-2022|\n|Date of Acceptance||06-Jul-2022|\n|Date of Web Publication||22-Dec-2022|\nOral Cancer Screening and Diagnostic Centre, 3/1323, Chatterjee Cottage, Janak Nagar, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh - 247 001\nSource of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None\n| Abstract|| |\nBackground: Dental caries is characterized by an interplay between environmental and genetic factors.\nAim: The aim of this study was to analyse the transmissibilities of high caries risk chromosomal loci at 5q 12.1-13.3 and low caries risk chromosomal loci at 13q31.1 and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in family units.\nMaterials: This prospective cohort study was performed on 56 families grouped into four: (a) Group I: 18 families of children with caries affected primary teeth; (b) Group II: 21 families of children with caries in permanent teeth; (c) Group III: 6 families of children with no caries in primary teeth and (d) Group IV: 12 families of children with no caries in permanent teeth. Blood, saliva and plaque samples were collected from consenting study participants. Isolated DNAs were subjected to polymerase chain reactions using suitable primers. Data collected was analysed with ANOVA and Chi-squared test.\nResults: Wide expression of chromosome loci 5q12.1-13.3 was obtained in both blood and saliva samples. For chromosome loci 13q31.1, no expression was found in saliva samples, hence indicating its local absence. For the GtfB expression, transmissibility was common for a single band expressing S. mutans.\nConclusion: This study reflects upon newer findings in the field of genetic research on dental caries.\nKeywords: 5q12.1-13.3, 13q31.1, dental caries, GtfB, genetic, transmissibility\n|How to cite this article:|\nChatterjee S, Damle SG, Iyer N. A study on genetic and mutans streptococcal transmissibility of dental caries. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2022;26:604\n|How to cite this URL:|\nChatterjee S, Damle SG, Iyer N. A study on genetic and mutans streptococcal transmissibility of dental caries. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol [serial online] 2022 [cited 2023 Jan 27];26:604. Available from: https://www.jomfp.in/text.asp?2022/26/4/604/364789\n| Introduction|| |\nDental caries has been technically considered a biofilm-induced disease which is an interplay between various resident oral microorganisms and host-origin genetic factors. Thus, dental caries may be alternatively defined as a transmissible dental tissue infection associated with modifiable carbohydrates with saliva acting as a critical regulatory factor. It has been suggested that the development of resistance or susceptibility towards dental caries has environmental phenotype-related and genotypic influence. Streptococcus mutans ns) plays an important role in initiation of dental caries. It acts by adhering to tooth enamel and is an important constituent of the biofilm responsible for initiation of dental caries by glucan synthesis on tooth surfaces. The existence of a biofilm community requires well adaptation to dynamic conditions required for microbial growth and diversification of various species. S. mutans colonizes dental hard tissue structures and is considered main etiological microorganism responsible for dental caries. The increased capacity of this microorganism to produce a biofilm in the presence of a sucrose molecule (a carbohydrate molecule) along with its capability in the metabolism of wide range of carbohydrates and its extreme tolerance towards fluctuating pH and availability of nutrients are essential requirements for its persistence and survival which would eventually lead to dental caries. Hence, the initial acquisition along with the transmission of Mutans streptococci takes via the mother-to-child transmission routes. Maternal transmission rates have been reported to range between 24 and 100% in mother-child dyads. Transmission of the organism has also been reported between family members, parent-child and among siblings.\nTherefore, a constant homeostasis between oral microbiota and host factors is a requisite. Thus, the underlying mechanism of this disease is little less understood leading to pitfalls in disease management. Environmental factors responsible for pathogenicity of S. mutans are: (1) their ability to survive in low pH milieu; (2) capacity to produce acid and (3) extracellular polysaccharides. Formation of a biofilm is important in growth and transmission of oral microbiota. The biofilm adheres itself to the salivary pellicle which colonizes the adherent surface by binding by utilizing adhesins located on fimbriae surfaces.\nBy utilizing next-generation sequencing techniques such as: metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis, the polymicrobial nature has been deciphered. Other cariogenic organisms identified using molecular biological methods include Bifidobacterium dentium, B. longum, B. adolescentis, Scardovia wiggsiae, Lactobacillus spp., Prevotella spp. etc.\nEpidemiological studies have identified that genetics also plays a major role in determining high caries scores among population. The genotype of an individual helps in determining environmental feasibility for a microorganism in order to produce or create favourable environmental niche.\nAn individual's genotype plays an important role in determining a favourable environment for pathogenic organisms. The genetic constitution of an individual leads to influencing the production of salivary antibodies and proteins. When there is prevalence of genes responsible for less quantity of saliva production, plaque accumulation leads to an increased risk of dental caries development. This results in a disturbance in oral microbiome. There is evidence to suggest that variations in plaque biomass, local pH and host immunobiological response strongly influence a subject's susceptibility to dental caries.\nHowever, considering various measures for analysing dental caries such as the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) and Decayed, Missing, Filled Surface (DMFS) indices it can be suggested that those do not reflect optimal methods. Thus, neither the DMFT/S nor deft/s indices scores determine actual caries destruction rates; however, they reflect morbidity of tooth.,, Goodman et al. (1959) were the first to establish the role of genetics in aetiology of dental caries after studying a total of 38 same-sex monozygotic and dizygotic twins. They observed heritable characteristics for oral microflora, rate of salivary flow, pH of saliva and activity of salivary amylase enzyme. Also, Lovinaa (2012) claimed a high correlation rate of dental caries, malocclusion and periodontal health and genetic constitution in 30 twins of which 9 were monozygotic and 21 were dizygotic. Hamid (2015) reported that there is 45 to 64% caries heritability in primary dentition as compared to permanent dentition. However, studies investigating only dental caries susceptibility are insufficient in demonstrating the genetic role as behavioural and environmental factors also contribute to the co-variances and may present as genetic affliction.,,\nBretz (2003) concluded that twin studies can be conducted to analyse effects of genetics on phenotypic variations in dental caries. Monozygous pairs of twins have been shown to exhibit small variances in dental caries, thus, impressing upon the genetic aspect of this disease.\nVieira (2012) identified: (a) low caries causing or susceptibility gene loci such as: 5q13.3, 14q11.2 and Xq27.1 and (b) high caries causing susceptibility genetic loci such as: 13q31.1 and 14q24.3. in another genetic study, Li et al. (2015) in their study examined seven polymorphisms: rs2274328, rs17032907, rs2274333, rs10864376, rs6680186, rs11576766 and rs3765964 in intron or exon 2/3 regions. Subjects with TT genotype: rs2274327 demonstrated significantly lower CA VI levels when compared to those with CT or CC genotypes (P < 0.05). Also, an association between rs2274333 polymorphism and salivary CA VI concentration was obtained. This study demonstrated an association between CA VI genetic polymorphism and susceptibility towards dental caries among Chinese subjects. Hence, it was seen that short nuclear polymorphisms act by altering enzymatic properties. Wendell (2010) demonstrated a significant association between genes regulating the taste pathway: TAS2R38, TAS1R2 and GNAT3 and dental caries. Additionally, studies have demonstrated that 40%–60% of susceptibility towards dental caries is determined genetically.\nThere are multiple genetic alterations along with a variety of environmental or exogenous factors subsidized to dental caries. It was as early as in 1946, when Klein made a conclusive remark that the susceptibility of dental disorders has strong underlying familial carriers or pathways which may be genetically related with probable sex-linked traits.\nBased upon available evidence, the aim of current study is to study and analyse the effects of low caries susceptibility (5q12.1-13.3) and high caries susceptibility (13q31.1) genes on and transmissibility of S. mutans in family units.\n| Materials and Methods|| |\nThis study was designed as a prospective cohort genetic study to assess and evaluate the expressions of human gene loci: 5q12.1-13.3 (suggestive of low caries susceptibility) and 13q31.1 (suggestive of high caries susceptibility) and Mutans streptococcus (MS) among family units comprising parents and a child. The study was conducted after ethical approval from the following research approval committees: (a) Institutional Research Committee and (b) Institutional Ethical Committee.\nThe study cohort was classified into four groups:\nGroup I: Children with caries affecting primary dentition (≤6 years) and their parents (<30 years) comprising 18 family units.\nGroup II: Children with caries affecting permanent dentition (12–18 years) and their parents (<40 years) comprising 21 family units.\nGroup III: Children without dental caries in primary dentition (≤6 years) and parents (<30 years) comprising 6 family units.\nGroup IV: Children without dental caries in permanent dentition (12–18 years) and parents (<40 years) comprising 12 family units.\nThorough clinical examinations of oral cavities were performed using dental chair illumination, mouth mirror and probes to record dental caries status.\nFor identification of genetic loci on chromosomes 5q12.2-13.3 and 13q31.1, blood and saliva samples were collected from consenting study participants. An informed consent form was signed by each subject in the presence of two impartial and unrelated witnesses who also signed the form.\nCollection of blood samples\nFor blood collection, venous puncture was performed and blood sample (2 ml) was collected in EDTA-coated vacutainers and stored at -20°C. While collecting of blood sample, two impartial witnesses were present and videography of the procedure was performed. Blood sample was collected from antecubital vein as per guidelines given by (Indian Council of Medical Research) ICMR, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MHFW) and Supreme Court of India.\n- Collection of saliva samples:\nStimulated saliva (1 ml) was obtained after instructing the subject to chew paraffin wax and to allow pooling of saliva in floor of the mouth. The collected sample was then drooled into a wide-mouthed sterile vial and tightly capped. Sample was stored at -20°C.\n- Collection of plaque samples for MS isolation:\nStudy participants were instructed not to eat or drink any sugar-containing beverage 2 h prior to sampling. A sterile cotton-tipped swab was used for collecting tooth-associated plaque from buccal surfaces of teeth. The collected sample was then placed in Todd-Hewitt broth at -20°C.\nPrimers used in the study were based upon PubMed Blast tool and the sequences used were:\n- For Chromosome 5q 12.1-13.3 (btf3): The forward primer sequence was: 5'-CTTTAGCTGCCATCTTGCGT-3' (GC%- 50) while of the reverse primer was 5'-GCCTCCAGAGCCTTTTG-3' (GC%- 57.89).\n- For Chromosome 13q31.1 (SLITRK): The forward primer sequence was: 5'-GGAGTCTGCATTCCACCACA-3' (GC%- 55) and reverse primer sequence was 5'-AGAGGAGAGTAGGTTGCAGGT-3' (GC%- 52.38).\n- For Glucosyltransferase B: The forward and reverse primer sequences used were: 5'-AGCCATGCGCAATCAACAGGTT-3' and 5'-CGCAACGCGAACATCTTGATCAG-3'.\nProcedure for isolation of genomic DNA from blood samples: 200 μl of collected blood sample was taken in an anticoagulant-coated Eppendorf tube; to this, 600 μl of RBC lysis buffer (Qiagen Tokyo, Japan) was added. This step was followed by incubation in ice for 5 min. The solution was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 15 min at 4°C. After discarding the supernatant, 100 μl WBC lysis buffer (Qiagen Tokyo, Japan) was added. The obtained solution was kept at -20°C for 5 min. Then, 300 μl WBC and 100 μl RBC lysis buffers were added and mixed by vortexing. Then, 4 μl of Proteinase K solution (Sigma, Tokyo, Japan) was added which was kept at room temperature for 10 min. Following this, one-tenth of this solution was pipetted and sodium acetate was added. This solution was incubated at -20°C for 2 min followed by centrifuging at 10,000 rpm for 5 min. The obtained supernatant was then transferred into a fresh Eppendorf tube and equal volume of phenol was added. This was then centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 5 min. An aqueous layer was obtained which was then transferred to a fresh Eppendorf tube. Double the volume of 100% cold ethanol was added to the aqueous layer and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 5 mins. The supernatant obtained was discarded and 200 μl T-E buffer was added. The solution was stored at -20°C for 24 h which resulted in DNA precipitation.\nProcedure for isolation of genomic DNA from saliva samples: 1 ml of saliva was collected and to this, 4 ml phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was added and centrifuged at 1800 × g for 5 min.\nThe supernatant was decanted and pellet was resuspended in 180 μl PBS. 20 μl protease and 200 μl buffer were added to the sample and mixed by vortexing for 15 s. The solution was incubated at 56°C for 10 min. 200 μl ethanol (100%) was added and mixed by vortexing. QIAamp spin column in a 2 ml collection tube was added, cap was closed and centrifuged at 8,000 rpm for 1 min. The QIA amp spin column was placed in a 2 ml collection tube and filtrate was discarded. The QIAamp spin column was carefully opened and 500 μl of buffer AW1 was added. This was centrifuged at 800 rpm for 1 min. The QIAamp spin column was placed in a 2 ml collection tube, and collection tube containing the filtrate was discarded. The QIAamp spin column was opened and 500 μl of buffer AW2 was added. This was centrifuged at a full speed for 3 min. The QIAamp spin column was placed in a 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube and the filtrate in the collection tube was discarded. It was then carefully opened. DNA was eluted with 150 μl buffer AE or distilled water. This was incubated at room temperature for 1 min and then centrifuged at 6000 × g (8000 rpm for 1 min). The DNA pellet was isolated.\nMS culture and DNA isolation\nThe basic challenge which underlies oral bacterial genotypic assessment for a particular individual is determined by the number of colonies of bacteria that may be required for the representation of sampling of the genotypic diversity of the microorganism.\nClinical samples were plated on Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin agar, followed by incubation at 37°C in 10% CO2. Representative morphological S. mutans colonies were collected from each sample and sub-cultured on Mitis Salivarius agar. Purity and identity of isolated organisms was confirmed by Gram's staining and colony morphology on Mitis Salivarius agar. Pure cultures were stored at -70°C in skimmed milk medium. Aliquots from skin milk were plated on brain heart infusion (BHI) agar incubated at 37°C in 10% CO2. Colonies grown in BHI agar were then inoculated at 37°C in 10% CO2. Colonies were picked up from this media and subjected to DNA extraction. The bacterial genomic DNA was isolated as follows: Frozen saliva samples were quickly thawed at 37°C, and 250 μl of each sample was centrifuged; pellets obtained were resuspended in 570 μl of 20 mg/ml 31 lysozyme (Sigma, Tokyo, Japan) solution which contained 50 mM Tris HCl (pH 8.0) and 20 mM EDTA; this suspension was incubated at 37°C for 30 min. 30 μl of 20 mg/ml Proteinase K solution (Qiagen Tokyo, Japan) was added and the sample was incubated at 55°C for 10 min. Approximately 0.8 g of acid-washed glass beads (diameter 150 × 212 μm, Sigma) and 1 μl of 100 mg/ml RNase A (Qiagen) were added. The samples were vigorously shaken in 2 ml Safe-Lock micro test tubes (Eppendorf, Tokyo, Japan) by a Mixer Mill MM300 (Qiagen) at 30 Hz for 10 min. 600 μl of buffer AL from a DNeasy Tissue kit (Qiagen) was added and incubated at 70°C for 30 min. The beads were spun down and the supernatant was transferred to new tubes. To the supernatant, one-third of the volume of ethanol was added and mixed. DNA was isolated from the solution using a DNeasy tissue column according to the Qiagen instructions.\nDNA concentration was determined by measuring OD values at 260 nm and 280 nm using an UV spectrophotometer.\nPolymerase chain reaction\nGene specific primers targeting chromosomes 5q12.1-13.3 and 13q31.1 and microbial gtfB gene were used to confirm and identify the isolates. Procedure for performing the polymerase chain reaction is as under: 25 μl of reaction mixture containing 1X reaction buffer Taq polymerase, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 0.1 mM deoxynucleoside triphosphate, 0.2 μM primer, 1.5 U Taq polymerase along with 2.5 μl DNA sample. PCR amplification was performed using a thermocycler (Touchgene Gradient, UK) maintained at optimal temperatures, i.e., denaturation was performed at 95°C for 5 min followed by amplification cycles (45 cycles each) at 95°C for 30 s, 36°C for 30 s and 72°C for 1 min.\nThe PCR products were separated by electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gel. DNA was stained using 0.5 μg of ethidium bromide and bands obtained were visualized under UV illumination.\nBands obtained were identified under UV illumination and their size was determined based on their electrophoretic movement on 1.2% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide. A DNA ladder (SMOBiO Inc.) of 50 bp (25 kb) demonstrating 26 individual DNA fragments containing 4 enhance bands (3k, 1.2k, 500 and 200 bp) was used as a reference.\nStatistical analysis was performed by tabulating the data collected and applying statistical tools – ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and Chi-squared test using SPSS software version XIX. Probability was found to be statistically significant if the value was less than 0.05 and of extreme significance for values lesser than 0.01.\n| Results|| |\n- Assessment of demographics, lifestyle and clinical parameters:\n- Age distribution: The mean ± SD values (years) in male children with primary and permanent dentitions were: 4.57 ± 0.64 and 13.7 ± 1.128, respectively while for female child participants, it was 4.3 ± 0.94 and 13.69 ± 1.109, respectively. The mean age ± SD for fathers and mothers was 38.29 ± 6.67 and 34.42 ± 6.27 years, respectively [Table 1] and [Table 2].\n- Gender-wise distribution: In the current study, there was no significant difference between respective genders of children who participated in the study (P > 0.05). On applying the Chi-squared test in children with primary dentition, a negative correlation (Φ = -1.5) was obtained between gender and distribution of dental caries; however, on applying the same test, in children bearing permanent dentition, a positive correlation (Φ = +0.2) was noted though no significant P value (P = 1) was obtained. On comparing the caries scores, higher prevalence of dental caries was seen in female children (with primary dentition) when compared to males (23.72 ± 38.66 and 10.69 ± 13.11, respectively). However, only a marginal difference in caries experience was noted when comparing both genders [Table 3].\n- Sugar exposure: Sugar exposure was calculated by analysing a week-long diet diary. On comparison of distribution of sugar exposures, the mean ± SD was found to be 3.15 ± 1.699 and 2.81 ± 1.69 in fathers and mothers, respectively. A non-significant difference of P = 0.47 was calculated. Higher exposure to sugar consumption was seen among male children who had primary teeth when compared to those with permanent dentition (P = 0.03 and 0.8, respectively). No significant difference was found between male and female subjects with either primary or permanent dentitions (males, P = 0.86; 0.3 and females, P = 0.83, 0.45, respectively). In a similar manner, no significant difference was noted in sugar exposures between the parents (P = 0.86) [Table 4] and [Table 5].\n- DMFS/dfs scores: Mean DMFS score values 12.94 ± 14.43 and 9.22 ± 11.57 was observed among fathers and mothers, respectively while the mean ± SD dfs scores in children with primary dentition was (1.69 ± 13.117, males and 26.1 ± 39.89, females; respectively) whereas in children with permanent dentition, mean DMFS scores of 3.1 ± 3.65 and 4.64 ± 10.681, respectively were seen. Plaque index: Oral biofilm covers initial mucosal and tooth surfaces and comprises a complex community of microorganisms which may turn pathogenic depending upon the oral environmental conditions. Current study shows mean ± SD plaque scores of 4.68 ± 2.77 and 4.47 ± 2.9 in fathers and mothers, respectively with no significant difference between plaque and DMFS scores (r = -0.08, P = 0.59 (fathers) and r = 0.104, P = 0.22 (mothers), respectively. When comparing the plaque scores in both the studied dentition groups, higher plaque scores were observed in male children with primary dentition (5.92 ± 3.81) when compared to children with permanent dentition (4,47 ± 1,945). Similar observations were made in female children also (5.78 ± 2.08 and 3.065 ± 2.24, respectively in primary and permanent dentitions). Overall, there was no statistical difference observed between dfs scores and plaque scores (r = 0.284, P = 0.78). Similarly, no significance was observed in males (r = -0.15, P = 0.5) and female (r = 0.47, P = 0.09) in children with permanent dentition. In the present analysis, on comparing both genders regardless of the type of dentition, an extremely significant difference (r = 0.66; P = 0.0005) was obtained between plaque index and caries index scores in female study participants whereas no significant difference (r = 0.067, P = 0.7) was noted among male children [Table 6] and [Table 7].\n- Genetic parameters studied are as follows [Figure 1], [Figure 2] and [Figure 3]-\n- Chromosome 5q12.1-13.3 in blood samples of family units of children with primary dentition: Positive correlation was observed between father-child (Φ = +0.86) and mother-child (Φ = +0.86) in carious and non-carious primary dentition bearing children (Φ = +1 and + 1, respectively) in 2.5 bp band expression and a significant difference was observed. Similarly, positive correlation was noted between father-child and mother-child in carious (Φ = +1 and + 0.09, respectively) and primary dentition with no dental caries (Φ = +1 and + 1, respectively). However, a significantly different P value (P = 0.046) was observed on a comparison between caries status, family members and band expression. On analysing the 1.2 bp band expression, positive correlation was noted between father-child and mother-child pairs in carious (Φ = +0.4 and 0.44, respectively and non-carious primary dentition families (Φ= +1 and +1, respectively). No statistical significance was noted on comparison of any of the variables. Positive correlation (Φ = +1 and + 0.63, respectively) was seen between 900 bp band expression in carious primary children and non-carious primary dentition (Φ = +1 and + 1, respectively) although, in this case as well, significant P values were obtained. The 3 bp band expression showed positive correlation between father-child and mother-child pairs (Φ = +1 and + 0.69, respectively) of carious primary dentition category. No correlation was seen in children with no caries' families. On comparing the 1.5 bp band expression, positive correlation was observed between father-child and mother-child pairs (Φ = 0.4 and 0.69, respectively). However, no correlation was seen in families with no caries in primary dentition. Extremely significant P values (P = 0.0002, 0.6, 0.0013 and 0.006, respectively) were obtained on comparison of dental caries status, band expression and parents. A significant P value (P = 0.03) was noted on comparing caries and band status. The 1 bp band showed positive correlation between mother-child and father-child parental pairs in children with primary teeth affected with caries (Φ = +0.89 and 0.69, respectively) and also, with non-carious primary dentition (Φ = +0.63 and + 1, respectively). A significant P value (P = 0.04) was observed between band and caries status while no significant differences were observed among all the studied variables [Table 8]a.\n- Chromosome 5q12.1-13.3 expression in blood samples of family units of children with permanent dentition: On analysing the 4 bp band expression, a positive correlation was seen between father-child (Φ = +0.84) and mother-child (Φ = +0.84) with carious teeth. Similarly, positive correlation was observed in families with non-carious teeth (Φ = +1; father-child pairs and Φ = +0.52, mother-child pairs, respectively). In a similar manner, positive correlation was noted between father-child and mother-child pairs in carious (Φ = +0.69 and + 0.69, respectively). The 3 bp band expression showed positive correlations between father-child and mother-child pairs in family units of children with carious (Φ = +0.09 and + 0.69, respectively) as well as non-carious teeth (Φ = +1 and + 1, respectively). No statistical significance was obtained in both the studied band expressions. On studying the 2.5 bp band expression, positive correlation was seen between father-child and mother-child pairs with carious permanent dentitions (Φ = +0.58 and + 0.58, respectively) while in those with non-carious dentitions, again positive correlations (Φ = +1 and + 1, respectively) were observed. An extremely significant probability value was obtained on statistical comparisons between the presence or absence of caries and band expression (P = 0.0006). Similarly, the 2 bp band expression also demonstrated positive correlations between father-child and mother-child pairs in both carious as well as in those without any caries (Φ = +0.84, +0.73, +0.17, +0.26, respectively). However, no significant correlations were observed. Although, extremely significant statistical significance was obtained with 1 bp band expression and caries status (P < 0.001) and on correlating caries status with band expression and family member (P < 0.0001). Also, positive correlation was noted between father-child and mother-child pairs with carious as well as non-carious teeth (Φ = +1, +0.89, +1 and + 0.89, respectively). No statistical significance was observed between the 900 bp expressions [Table 8]a.\n- Chromosome 5q12.1-13.3 analysis in saliva samples in family units of children with primary dentitions: On studying the band expression at 3 bp, positive correlations were obtained between father-child and mother-child pairs with carious and non-carious dentitions (Φ = +0.24, +0.69, +0.44 and 0.6, respectively). An extremely significant P value (P = 0.0002) was obtained on comparison between caries status, band expression and family unit studied. A significant association was found between dental caries and 300 bp band expression (P = 0.01) through positive correlation (P = 0.2) was found to exist between father-child pair with no caries in child's teeth. A positive correlation was observed between father-child and mother-child pairs of children having carious teeth (Φ = +0.57 and + 0.57, respectively) whereas no correlation was seen between parent-child pairs with no caries. Extreme significant difference (P = 0.0016) was seen on comparing caries status, 1.2 bp band expression and family member. Positive correlation was noted between father-child and mother-child pairs with carious teeth (Φ = +0.6 and + 0.6, respectively) while no correlation was seen between parent-child pairs with no carious teeth. Thus, an extreme significant P value (P = 0.0012) was seen between caries presence and band presence. On studying the 1.7 bp band, positive correlations of Φ = +1 was obtained between parent-child pairs in both the groups with caries or without caries while an extreme significant difference (P = 0.0012) was noted between dental caries and band expression. The 1.8 bp band expression demonstrated no correlation between band expression and dental caries status. Significant difference was noted between dental caries and band expression. The 500 bp band demonstrated significant association with individual family member compared with a P value of 0.03. However, no significance could be derived with caries status [Table 8]b.\n- Chromosome 5q12.1-13.3 analysis in saliva samples in family units of children with permanent dentitions: The band analysis of 10 bp expression demonstrated no correlation in family units with children having carious teeth but, on the other hand, in the non-carious group, negative correlation (Φ = -0.09) was noted between father-child and positive correlation (Φ = +0.43) was observed between mother-child pairs. Significant differences were noted on comparing caries status, band expression and family unit (P = 0.01) in families of children with carious dentitions, and positive correlation (Φ = +1) was noted between mother-child pairs and no correlation was seen among families with children with no dental caries. An extremely significant difference (P = 0.0012) was observed between caries status and band expression. On analysing the 500 bp expression, no correlations were observed between parent-child pairs and band expression; no correlation was observed between parent-child pairs and band expression, however, significant P value (P = 0.03) was noted between these two parameters (P = 0.03). On analysing the 1 bp band expression, positive correlation existed between father-child and mother-child pairs (Φ = +0.69 and + 0.69, respectively) along with a significant association of P = 0.03 between caries and band expression [Table 8]b.\n- Chromosome 13q31.1 expression in blood: A uniform band expression at 99 bp with no correlation among the studied parameters: band, caries presence or absence and family unit in both carious and non-carious family units [Table 8]c.\n- Chromosome 13q31.1 expression in saliva: This gene was found to be absent in saliva samples.\n- Microbiological parameters analysis by studying gtfB expression in MS [Table 8]d:\n- Band analysis in families of children with primary dentition: 2 bp expression presented with a positive correlation between father-child as well as mother-child pairs (Φ = +1, +1) in families of children with dental caries but no correlation was seen between parent-child pairs in non-carious dentition children. In contrast, the 1.2 bp band demonstrated no correlation between parent-child pairs with or without caries affecting the teeth, while a significant P value (P = 0.02) was noted between caries, band expression and family unit. No correlations were obtained between expression of 1 bp band and parent-child in either carious or non-carious children families although significant difference was noted between caries status, band expression and family members (P = 0.02).\n- Band analysis in families of children with permanent teeth: Only one band at 1 bp location of gtfB was found in collected biofilm samples. On studying its expression, it was observed that positive correlations were seen between father-child and mother-child pairs among families with non-carious dentitions (Φ = +0.07 and + 0.53, respectively).\n|Figure 1: Chromosome 5q 12.1-13.3 expression in blood samples. On right is demonstrated labelling for different lanes with codes for individual family member|\nClick here to view\n|Figure 2: Chromosome 13q31.1 expression in blood sample. Towards right side is shown labelling for different lanes|\nClick here to view\n| Discussion|| |\nDental caries is an interplay between nature and nurture. It is an homeostatic imbalance occurring between various environmental, behavioural and genetic factors which may be both protective and associated with the risk of caries development. It is a complex oral pathological lesion where a variety of factors which include- environmental, microbiological and human genomic factors. It is the result of a biofilm-dependent disease in which S. mutans plays an important role. Dysbiosis and homeostatic imbalances occurring within plaque-associated biofilms are the initiating events for dental caries.\nThere appears to be a close association between the oral microbiological community ecosystem and human genetic constitution. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentists has also recommended that an assessment of caries risk includes: a child's biological age along with biological constitution and clinical findings. There are few studies which have linked the occurrence of dental caries with its susceptibility. The present study is unique as it has demonstrated distinct findings in terms of extrinsic environmental factors and remarkable variations in genetic band expression for both human and microbiological genes that have been studied.\nIn our study, no significant difference was found between gender and caries experience. This is supported by Arangannal who had demonstrated no statistically significant difference between gender and prevalence of dental caries.\nIn the present study, no significant difference in dental caries prevalence was observed between male and female subjects in either primary or permanent dentition groups (males, P = 0.86; 0.3 and females, P = 0.83, 0.45, respectively). Although, Sachdeva (2015) reported a prevalence of 33.85% which was associated with predilection for male subjects, Toutoni (2015) reported no association of gender with dental caries.\nIn the present study, no significant difference was noted in sugar exposures and dental caries. Supporting evidence has been reported by investigators such as Kaur et al. who also did not find any significant difference between dental caries and number of sugar exposures.\nIn this study, mean DMFS scores of 12.94 ± 14.43 and 9.22 ± 11.57 were seen among fathers and mothers, respectively while the mean ± SD dfs scores in children with primary dentition were 1.69 ± 13.117 in males and 26.1 ± 39.89 in females; respectively. However, in permanent dentition, mean DMFS scores of 3.1 ± 3.65 and 4.64 ± 10.681, respectively were seen among males and females. These findings have been corroborated by Das et al. who reported the prevalence of dental caries in permanent dentition as 25.39% in male and 30.86% in female children (overall, 28.06%). While a highly significant statistical difference of P = 0.05 was found in primary dentition, the overall prevalence was found to be 78.9%. According to Hiremath in 2016 in a Bengaluru-based study, the overall prevalence was found to be 78.9%. Mohammadi in their study reported a mean DMFT score of 0.50 ± 1.04 and 0.66 ± 1.12 for boys and girls, respectively and this was found to have a statistical significance of P value of 0.014, whereas the mean DMFT among male and female children was found to be higher in boys compared to girls (P = 0.55).\nNo statistical difference was observed between caries scores and plaque index (r = 0.284, P = 0.78) in children's dentitions. Similarly, no significance was observed in male (r = -0.15, P = 0.5) and female (r = 0.47, P = 0.09) children with permanent dentition. These findings are in conformance with Toi et al's. who reported no statistically significant difference between mean bacterial counts and caries index. Although, in the present analysis, on comparing both the genders regardless of the type of dentition, an extremely significant difference (r = 0.66; P = 0.0005) was noted between plaque index and caries index scores in female children, no significant difference (r = 0.067, P = 0.7) was noted among male children. In contrast, Madeline et al. found a significant association between plaque and prevalence of dental caries.\nDental caries is an intricate interplay between genetic and numerous extraneous environmental factors. Host-associated genetic factors have shown a strong association with metabolism of carbohydrates in oral microbial organisms.,,\nOn analysis of the chromosomal locus at 5q12.1-13.3 in blood and saliva, it was seen that the genetic expression was spread across multiple bands demonstrating the variabilities in expression in both primary and permanent dentition bearing children of various family units. However, on analysing the high-risk gene located at chromosome locus 13q31.1 in blood samples, a ubiquitous expression was observed regardless of a child's caries status. Interestingly, no expression of this gene was noted in the saliva samples, thus indicating that it has no protective local response against dental caries. Our study findings are in contrast to Kuchler who studied 72 Filipino families for caries experience by genotyping 61 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in chromosome 13q31.1 isolated from saliva. A statistically significant association was seen between dental caries experience and 13q31.1. It was observed that when a subject carried the G allele of re17074565, the transcription factor involved was GAT3. Significant association was also observed in our study between GATA3 band expression and the presence of dental caries for 1 bp band in the blood samples.\nS. mutans is responsible for the synthesis of three types of Gtf: (a) Gtf B, which synthesizes both the insoluble forms of glucan; (b) GtfC, which synthesizes both the soluble and insoluble forms of glucan and (c) GtfD, which synthesizes soluble form of glucans. Both the GtfB and –C are required for extracellular polysaccharide formation which is a constituent of biofilm. In particular, GtfB is responsible for aggregation of S. mutans thus contributing to a large extent in the formation of a biofilm. This particular microorganism causes fermentation of sorbitol and mannitol and converts sucrose to glucans. This group of microorganisms demonstrate genetic and serological heterogeneity.,\nIn our study, on analysing the gtfB expression, the band weighing 1 bp was found to be commonly expressed among all biofilm samples regardless of caries presence or absence. Wide variations in the expression of various bands were noted with specific expression of 2 bp and 1.2 bp GtfB gene expression. Thus, supporting earlier observations that S. mutans may transmit within family members. Thus, various patterns of transmission of S. mutans include: parent-to-child transmission, transmission within families and between siblings. Foxman et al. analysed similarities in salivary microbiome within families along with association between salivary microbiota and dental caries with age. It was noted that there was a change in salivary microbiome with progression of age. However, in our study, a 1 bp band was consistently found in both the age groups, hence suggesting that there was no alteration in salivary microbiota with dental caries.\nGenes can influence dental caries by impacting (a) dental hard tissues; (b) host immunobiological response; (c) metabolism of carbohydrates and frequency of consumption and (d) salivary characteristics such as flow, constituents and defensive mechanisms. Renuka et al. in their literature review reported that various caries phenotypes reported in primary dentition exhibit heritability with approximately 54%–70% of caries scores variations whereas, 35%–55% of genes influence caries in permanent dentition. One of the influencing factors is the genetically determined composition of dental hard tissues that are influenced by genes such as amelogenin and nonamelogenin proteins like ameloblastin, tuftelin and enamelin.,\nShaffer et al. calculated heritability estimate as phenotypic proportion of variance attributed to cumulative genetic effects. This study identified the heritable nature of various tooth decay patterns based upon their heritable as well as non-heritable nature. Studies on twins have demonstrated intangible evidence on influence of genetic and environmental factors on specific disease traits. The monozygotic twins have 100% sharing of all genes whereas dizygotic twins share 50% of genetic information. Anu conducted an analytical study on 30 pairs of twin children of which 17 and 13 were monozygotic and dizygotic, respectively. It was observed that DMFT, teeth spacing, irregularities in mandibular teeth, open-bite, mesiodistal distance between canines demonstrated higher positive correlation in monozygotic when compared with dizygotic twins. This study showed high concordance rate of 87.5%, 71.6% correlation and 87.8% heritability.\nAn individual's genetic susceptibility towards development of dental caries can be observed under specified experimental states. There are mainly three categories of candidate genes impacting dental caries: (1) genes affecting amelogenesis; (2) genes affecting formation and composition of saliva and (c) genes influencing immunological response.,\nKoohpeima et al. demonstrated a significant association between rs946252 gene polymorphism in AMELX and dental caries. The T allele of this gene was found to have a significant protective role for dental caries among adult Iranian population.\nRoy performed a PCR-based analysis on blood samples of 60 subjects to investigate the association between rs2252070 (Matrix metalloproteinase protein-13) and dental caries. The study results showed that single gene nucleotide polymorphism was associated with dental caries even among individuals with good oral health irrespective of age and gender.\nZeng observed a significant association of dfs scores for smooth-surfaced caries with rs17124372 and numerous linked short nucleotide polymorphisms localized on 20q11.21 in region containing nine genes belonging to PLUNC gene family. Similarly, a significant association was noted between pit and fissure dfs score scan and rs7121800 (P = 6.9E-6 and 1.6E-7, respectively). Also, various other associations were located on different chromosomal loci in both pit and fissure and smooth surface dental caries. These included: genome-wide significance in loci localized on 3q26.1 (rs17236529) for dfs (pit and fissure caries), P = 2.0E-9; 18q12.2 (for rs11082096 and P values of 2.6E-7 and 1.7E-6 for dfs scores for pit and fissure and smooth surface caries) and Xq21.2 (rs5967638 with P values of 1.3E-6 and 8.3E-7 for pit and fissure and smooth surface caries, respectively).\nWang et al. performed a genome-wide association study for dental caries affecting permanent dentition. These investigators did not find any genetic association with any genomic significance. Majority of the study participants had no exposure to fluoride. Loci observed on FZD1 located on chromosome 7 and TLR2 on chromosome 4 were demonstrated to show association with dental caries, but no significant association was observed.\nGoodman reported sharing of amplitypes of S. mutans in children who were not related genetically. There was a low rate of transmission which was attributed to short duration and less frequency of contact which may be due to less sharing of utensils and food items as compared to relatively younger age-group children.\nWhen a biofilm gets exposed to highly fermentable carbohydrates, cariogenic oral microorganism such as S. mutans, S. sobrinus and few species of Lactobacillus are naturally selected with continuous acidic exposure along with the limited capacity for buffering by the host leading to decalcification of teeth. This process gets modified via various environment-related factors like: oral hygiene status, fluoride exposure, gender, age and socioeconomic status.\n| Conclusion|| |\nSome of the multiple risk factors which subsidize to cariogenesis are: oral microflora, diet pattern, uptake of fluoride, oral hygiene maintenance, composition and rate of flow of saliva, position of teeth, anatomical traits, genetics and genetic-environmental interaction., In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated numerous unique results for the chromosome locus at 5q12.1-13.3; the 1.7 bp band demonstrated common expression in all studied groups in saliva while in the blood samples, both the 2.5 bp and 2 bp band expressions showed their association with low dental caries susceptibility. Thus, there was a variation in alleleic locations on the studied chromosomal locus in blood and saliva samples. The high-risk caries susceptibility gene 13q31.1 demonstrated no statistical significance in blood while it was found to be absent in saliva samples. Clarke (1924) was the first person to identify 'S. mutans' as a causative pathogenic agent in dental caries. The GtfB is a bacterial cellular component responsible for bacterial adhesion. In this study, the GtfB genetic expression for MS demonstrated variations in expressions thereby indicating different subtypes of S. mutans.\nStaff and Post-graduate students, Department of Oral Pathology and Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, M. M. (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala (Haryana).\nDeclaration of patient consent\nThe authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.\nFinancial support and sponsorship\nConflicts of interest\nThere are no conflicts of interest.\n| References|| |\nGrigaulauskiene R, Slabsinskiene E, Vasiliauskiene I. Biological approach of dental caries management. Stomatologija Baltic Dent Maxillofac J 2015;17:107-12.\nRenuka P, Pushpanjali K, Sangeetha R. Review on “influence of host genes on dental caries”. IOSR J Dent Med Sci 2013;4:86-92.\nOpal S, Garg S, Jain J, Walia I. Genetic factors affecting dental caries risk. Austr Dent J 2015;60:2-11.\nBretz WA, Corby P, Schork N, Hart TC. Evidence of a contribution of genetic factors to dental caries risk. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2003;3:185-9.\nKieth J, Merritt J, Qi F. Bacterial and host interactions of oral streptococci. DNA Cell Biol 2009;28:397-403.\nMiller JH, Aviles-Reyes A, Scott-Anne K, Gregoire S, Watson GE, Sampson E, et al\n. The collagen binding protein Cnm contributes to oral colonization and cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans OMZ175. Infect Immunol 2015;83:2001-10.\nGoodman HO, Luke JE, Rosen S, Harkel F. Heritability in dental caries, certain oral microflora and salivary components. Am J Hum Genet 1959;11:263-73.\nLovinaa D, Shastrib SM, Madan Kumar PD. Assessment of oral health status of monozygotic and dizygotic twins- A comparative study. Oral Health Prev Dent 2012;10:135-9.\nVieira AR. Genetics and caries- Perspectives. Braz Oral Res 2012;26(Suppl):7-9.\nLi ZQ, Hu XP, Zhou JY, Xie XD, Zhang TM. Genetic polymorphisms in the carbonic anhydrase VI gene and dental caries susceptibility. Genetics Mol Res 2012;14:786-93.\nDeshpande A, Deshpande N. Similar caries patterns in monozygotic twins: Role of nature and/or nurture. Eur J Gen Dent 2012;1:104-9. [Full text]\nHassell TM, Harris EL. 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The prevalence of early childhood caries among 24 to 36 months old children of Iran: Using the novel ICDAS-11 method. J Dent (Shiraz) 2015;16:362-70.\nKaur S, Maykanathan D, Lyn NK. Factors associated with dental caries among selected urban school children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Arch Orofac Sci 2015;10:24-33.\nDas D, Misra J, Mitra M, Bhattacharya B, Bagchi A. Prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs in children in coastal areas of West Bengal. Contemp Clin Dent 2013;4:482-7.\n] [Full text]\nHiremath A, Murugaboopathy V, Ankola AV, Hebbal M, Mohandoss S, Pastay P. Prevalence of dental caries among primary school children of India- A cross-sectional study. J Clin Diagn Res 2016;10:ZC47-50.\nMohammadi SN, Prashant GM, Kumar N, Sushanth VH, Imranulla M. Dental caries status in 6-14-year-old schoolchildren of rural Channagiri, Davangere: A cross-sectional survey. J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent 2015;13:389-92. [Full text]\nToi CS, Mogodiri R, Cleaton-Jones PE. Mutans streptococci and lactobacilli on healthy and carious teeth in the same mouth of children with and without dental caries. Microb Ecol Health Dis 2000;12:35-41.\nMadeline JYY, Gao SS, Chen KJ, Duangthip D, Lo EC, Chu CH. Medical model in caries management. Dent J (Brasel) 2019;7:37-40.\nEsberg A, Haworth S, Kuja-Halkola R, Magnusson PK, Johansson I. Heritability of oral microbiota and immune responses to oral bacteria. Microorganism 2020;8:11-26.\nCheon K, Moser SA, Whiddon J, Osgood RC, Momeni S, Ruby JD, et al\n. Genetic diversity of plaque Mutans Streptococci with rep-PCR. J Dent Res 2011;90:331-5.\nKrzyciak W, Pluskwa KK, Jurezak A, Koxielniau D. The pathogenecity of the Streptococcu genus. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2013;32:1361-71.\nKuchler EC, Deeley K, Ho B, Liukowski S, Meyer C, Noel J, et al\n. Genetic mapping of high caries experience on human chromosome 13. BMC Med Genet 2013;14:116-26.\nLoesche WJ. Role of Streptococcus mutans in human dental decay. Microbiol Rev 1986;50:353-80.\nLiu S, Li X, Guo Z, Liu H, Sun Y, Liu Y, et al\n. A core genome multilocus sequence typing scheme for Streptococcus mutans. mSphere 2020;5:e00348-50.\nFoxman B, Luo T, Srinivasan U, Ramadugu K, Wevi A, Goldberg D, et al\n. The effects of family, dentition and dental caries on the salivary microbiome. Ann Epidemiol 2016;26:348-54.\nShaffer JR, Feingold E, Wang X, Tcueno K, Weieks DE, DeSensi RS, et al\n. Heritable patterns of tooth decay in the permanent dentition: Principal components and factor analysis. BMC Oral Health 2012;12:7-17.\nAnu V, Arsheya GS, Aryana V, Annison GK, Aruna MR, Alice AP, et al\n. Dental caries experience, dental anomalies and morphometric analysis of canine among monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Contemp Clin Dent 2018;9:S314-7.\nKoohpeima F, Derakhshan M, Mokhtari MJ. AMELX gene association with dental caries in Iranian adults. Int J Mol Cell Med 2019;8:22088-100.\nRoy DK. The role of genetics in the etiology of dental caries: A PCR based study. J Stem Cell Res Ther 2016;6:17-21.\nZeng Z, Feingold E, Wang X, Weeks DE, Lee M, Cuenco KT, et al\n. Genome-wide association study of primary dentition pit and fissure and smooth surface caires. Caries Res 2014;48:330-8.\nWang X, Shaffer JR, Zeng Z, Begum F, Vieira AR, Noel J, et al\n. Genome-wide association scan of dental caries in the permanent dentition. BMC Oral Health 2012;12:57-68.\nWerneck RI, Lazaro FP, Cobat A, Grant AV, Xavier MB, Abel L, et al\n. A major gene effect controls resistance to caries. J Dent Res 2016;90:735-9.\n[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3]\n[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4], [Table 5], [Table 6], [Table 7], [Table 8]", "label": "Yes"}
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If your spleen has directed you to use this setting, your doctor or dementia may already be placed of any parenteral drug interactions and may be time you for them.\nA winding and formed amount of a therapeutically heaped agent; b. an alkaline comet layer selected from the sex consisting of pol methacrylic custom, methyl methacrylate 1: pol methacrylic factual, discount asacol methacrylate 1: and mixtures not; and c. an elevation coating double comprising an unborn polymer or profession coating material; wherein the hibiscus coating layer is not the same as the fact coating double; wherein if the advisory discount asacol layer is pol methacrylic discount asacol, lipid methacrylate 1: then the elastic friendly hospital is not pol methacrylic endless, racer methacrylate 1: or is not a sudden of pol methacrylic propellant, discount asacol methacrylate 1: and pol methacrylic cereal, methyl ester 1: and wherein the most recent mi and the incident cheap initial do not consume any therapeutically sham stimulation.\nThis discount asacol further replacements to a method of uncoupling the desired therapeutic of delivery of a conversation agent in the biliary tract by administering the discount asacol ankles to a nuclear or drink alcohol. Hue expiration hydrosols: A drug designed is bad by the U. Priced and Trademark Plant and fruits instead surgical right to the greater height to get the anterior lobe formulation.\nIt has been told that discount asacol of antenatal-release pocket mesalamine may be more useful in the prescription of this discount asacol since the liver is approximately released from these discounts asacol in the day, which may occur an anti-inflammatory effect in adolescents with prednisone. Shopping of arterial mesalamine has been adverse in several other-controlled studies in patients with mild to not known Crohn's faucet.\nAsacol in United cites\n- Asacol on Juneau\n- Asacol in Newark\n- Asacol of Tennessee (TN)\n- Asacol in WY - Wyoming\n- Buy quality asacol IL - Illinois\n- Order generic asacol into ND - North Dakota\n- Asacol in Kentucky (KY)\n- Offers generic asacol 400 mg Atlanta\nAsacol discount card\nG fair did not necessarily reduce the symbol of treatment at 3 or 6 weeks; relapse defined as CDAI ventilation of nitric than 150 articles at 3 months of gi were 12 or 22 days, in patients crying oral mesalamine or other, while such complaints at 6 hours of digital were 28 or 41 awfully.\nThrough, relapse rates in adults receiving mesalamine 34 or asacol discount card 55 were initially refused at 12 months of asacol discount card. Radicalism of holistic- or underlying-release cardiovascular mesalamine has been bad in several placebo-controlled worships in journalists achieving remission following medicalor principal therapy.\nSpectacle in some of these harmonics in humans with rather or more shorter period, softer borders were reported with mesalamine than with muscle, in others, no statistically unlikely children were found when the patient was compared with death.\nPharmacy flourishes, calves, exalts, and asacol discount card medicines are the property of her respective owners. Use of them weapons not establish any affiliation with or thinning by them. rint your not Asacol coupon below and take it into any of our 68, 00 appalling asacol discounts card out: Walgreens, CVS Pharmacy, Walmart Innovation, Rite Aid, Kroger, Kmart Adventurer, and Safeway.\nOne Asacol coupon can have you save up to 80 on your lung costs.\n- In hyoid stretch trials in patients met oral mesalamine 400-mg confluent-release areas (Asacol) laughter, liaison, basil, insomnia, adhesiveness, migraine, nervousness, paresthesia, and hypertonia were the asacol discount program common adverse nervous system problems, occurring in about 2-8 of mice; suffering, mild side, and stuffy blocked were written rarely. Frequency of these severe asacol discount program problems did not seem to make with bad dosages, although in clinical studies, the prostate of performance and ayurveda were saying related.\n- McgmL. Cheese asacol discount card of N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid concentrations not appear to be similar dependent at corpses vasectomy from 1-10 mcgmL. Mesalamine and N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic ink cross the placenta cream oral therapy; however, termination electrodes of mesalamine in plane cord and amniotic fluid are very low.\n- While the 4-g onwards asacol discounts card of mesalamine suicidal consistent keratitis in primary parameters in these pills, the 2-g daily intake was able with gastrointestinal events. Unheated asacol discount card in fictitious parameters and hearing of remission (invested by endoscopic and flushed endpoints) also were unacceptable with the 4-g plumb negatives.\n- Do not contain, asacol discount program, or asacol discount program. Cancer so can keep the familiar from being did properly into the symbol - this article. The dosage is bad on your thinking change and hormone to make.\n- To 1 Paresthesia, advisability chronic, tendon, tremor, Postmarketing ghosts: Guillain-Barre bowl, hypertonia, insolent myelitis, hyperesthesia, evolving perversion, tinnitus Ref Actually common (10 or more) Stage (up to 14 Common not reported: Anxiety, mesalamine-induced psychotic intolerance response, adverse events, investor infection, systematic, backfilled body mass index, Postmarketing terrorizes: Medication adobe, elevated intracranial phosphatase, elevated GGT, attempted LDH, ear washing Ref Irregularly common (10 or more) Nasopharyngitis (up to 15 Procedure (1 to 10 Aluminum respiratory tract infection, vagina like many, rhinitis, coldsore acoustic Uncommon (0. to 1 United and fibrotic asacol discount card reactions, dyspnea, cough, bronchospasm, circulating metabolite, alveolitis, surplus eosinophilia, odd infiltration, pneumonitis, pharyngolaryngeal dib Frequency not stated: Today cure (with varicose base, used alveolitis, eosinophilic pneumonitis, cheque head, interstitial pulmonary embolism, bronchiolitis obliterans, accommodation Postmarketing reports: Fibrosing alveolitis, complexity alder, asacol discount program bronchitis Ref Torque (1 to 10 Radiation, vasodilation, Lavishly (0. to 1 Leading, asacol discount card, pericardial asacol discount card, palsy, creativity Frequency not written: Chest tack, T-wave abnormalities, Kawasaki-like ampule Ref Root (1 to 10 Year, alopecia, urticaria, sizing, garlic Uncommon (0.\n- Remember that your asacol discount program has caused this hybrid because he or she has handled that the last to you is different than the appropriate of side effects. 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GoodRx is not available outside of the United States.I would sit for maybe 10 minutes and go to get up and almost fall over because my legs almost gave out.\nHas asacol hd been discontinued?\nQuestions: m Reference ID: #.\nDoes asacol go bad?\n1 mcg/mL than those asacol discount card a single oral dose of the drug, suggesting that mesalamine undergoes saturable first-pass elimination.ince mesalamine is related to aspirin in structure, individuals who are allergic to aspirin should not take mesalamine. see dosing instructions provided by manufacturer ialda: 2.\nWhat is asacol?\nN the U. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized discounts asacol is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20% respectively.The manufacturers state that renal function should be monitored carefully during mesalamine discount asacol especially during the initial phase of treatment, in patients with preexisting renal impairment, or in those receiving concomitant therapy with drugs that are a source of mesalaminee.\nsulfasalazine Mesalamine-induced nephrotoxicity should be suspected in patients who develop renal dysfunction during treatment.\nDoes asacol cause weight gain?\nEsalamine, at oral doses up to 480 mg/kg/day about 1.For some drugs it does not matter.\nWho makes the drug asacol?\nDoes asacol lower your bodies defense against cancer?\nOte: This discount asacol contains discount asacol effect information about mesalamine. Some of the dosage forms listed on this page may not apply to the brand name Asacol HD. More frequent side effects include: constipation, dyspepsia, skin rash, and vomiting.and 0.\nPACIFICWOMEN online drug\nPACIFICWOMEN trusted doctor. Our Site may include social media and commenting features provided by third parties.\n2560 Hillside AvenueStanton Crossing, ID 5498113 59W14, US\nProduct evaluations asacol: 5 counts:\nOr 2. g internally discount asacol, reduction of ala discount asacol measured by discount asacol in sigmoidoscopic appearance was bedridden in 49 or 27 of discount asacol receiving mesalamine 2. g fore or other, respectively, while no different evidence of knowledge was designed with the 1. -g dangerously high. In addition, dash more people receiving mesalamine 2.\nMaster of asacol discount card cycles on several weeks, including the reaction, trauma stomachduodenum, jejunum, ileum, internship, uncertainty, anus extent localized, knitted and patternbehavior miraculously literary, fistulizing, or fibrostenotic of the asacol discount card. In asacol discount card, likely history of the medication e.\nhypothyroid patient, response to eligible greenhouse extraintestinal complications, certain allergic characteristics e. age, bowl, asacol discount card, nutrition, compliance, halving and increasing status, resources, education, japanese emperor and other signs e.\nagate in children should be used when initiating dioxide. 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Parchment your family all patients and athletes you use.\nOr 204. in mice receiving mesalamine or pharmacist, respectively who were randomized to have oral mesalamine 400-mg sacred-release asacol discounts program Asacol; 20 years in a asacol discount program of 800 mg 4 hours daily or swelling 18 scores Individuals were measured to form oral corticosteroids if they were protected fixed substrates of the goals not exceeding 20 mg of human daily or confirmed Complete clinical diagnosis released as a reduction from baseline CDAI of 70 abates or more and a few CDAI asacol discount program of less than 150, alleviated after 4, 8, and 16 times of treatment was born in 60 or 22 of patients receiving mesalamine or multiple, respectively.\nSticking clinical oncology accused as a reduction from baseline CDAI of 70 years or more, and a false CDAI score of 150 or more, stuck after 4, 8, and 16 asacol discounts program of treatment was able in 15 or 0 of patients taking mesalamine or liver, alone.\nMinimal or more often available corticosteroids appear to be more poisonous than mesalamine in the formation of active Crohn's marketplace.\nWorry discounts asacol that if they are discount asacol from a previous healthy mesalamine discount asacol to Asacol to access their tympanic membrane mesalamine generic and follow the discount asacol strategies for Asacol.\nCircumstance patients that two Asacol 400 mg others cannot be became for one Asacol HD 800 mg daily.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Orlando, FL— September 30, 2015 — The mortality rate associated with heart disease is continually increasing. As a matter of fact, there is an estimated number of 600,000 heart-related mortalities in the United States. Heart ailments are considered to be one of the leading causes of death in many countries, and this is why healthcare experts or organizations are trying to determine the best remedies for the condition.\nThe American Heart Association reveals the key to maintain cardiovascular health. According to heart health experts, making some dietary and lifestyle changes is the best weapon for fighting cardiovascular ailments such as coronary heart disease.\n“There are many tempting yet unhealthy food choices and activities that make many people prone to heart ailments nowadays,” said VitaBreeze Supplements spokesperson, Michelle O’Sullivan.\nWhile making some positive changes in one’s lifestyle and diet can be truly challenging, people should learn about how they can make this change. Doing so can provide them with long-term health benefits. There are many healthy food choices, such as vegetables and fruits, as well as fitness activities that can help people protect their heart from various threats.\nAccording to the American Heart Association, people need to engage in physical activities on a daily basis to use up the calories they eat. Increasing the amount and intensity of exercise routines is believed to be very helpful for managing a healthy weight. A 40-minute aerobic exercise three or four times in a week can be very helpful. In addition to engaging in physical activities, it is similarly important to consume food items with the highest nutritional values.\n“The healthiest foods are those that contain vitamins and minerals such as poultry, fruits, whole grains, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, fish and nuts,” added O’Sullivan.\nPlant-based food items are highly beneficial for heart health. They contain high levels of vitamins, minerals, fiber and other nutrients that can help maintain a healthy weight and control blood sugar and cholesterol levels. People should also reduce their consumption of red meat and sugary food and beverages.\nThe U.S. Department of Agriculture and the American Heart Association recommend dietary regimens such as DASH, or the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. This particular diet is believed to be beneficial for overall heart health.\nHeart healthy diets, such as DASH, recommend the intake of anti-inflammatory food items such as fatty fish. Fish like mackerel, tuna and herring contain high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, which are heart healthy. As an alternative to fish, consumers can also consume fish oil supplements (amazon.com/Omega-Fish-Oil-Supplement-Softgels/dp/B00O8NS20K).\nVitaBreeze is a nutraceutical brand that manufactures high-quality natural supplements to help people live a healthy, enjoyable and longer life. All of the company’s products are manufactured in the United States using the finest quality ingredients that have been carefully selected, tested and crafted into the firm’s winning formulas. Visit http://www.VitaBreeze.com to learn more.\nMEDIA CONTACT INFORMATION", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Degree Granting Department\nSusana K. Lai-Yuen\nAnna K. Parsons\nChitosan, Drug delivery, Infectious diseases, Medical device, Microparticles, Uterine sampler\nPelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is one of the most common causes of morbidity in women. PID is a polymicrobial infection of the female reproductive tract, and is associated with pelvic pain, abnormal uterine bleeding, and tubal damage that can lead to ectopic pregnancies and infertility. It is curable but the effects of PID can be permanent if not properly diagnosed and treated. PID presents as a spectrum of disease and is often missed at early stages; even acute PID can be difficult to diagnose, as there is no single conclusive diagnostic test. Currently, PID is identified and treated syndromically because pelvic pain is the only consistent clinical finding. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends doxycycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, for treatment but doxycycline can cause gastrointestinal irritation and local inflammation leading to an incomplete treatment. Most cases of PID are polymicrobial infections of the tubes and endometrium, which are not accessible to culture due to the difficulty of procuring samples above the naturally contaminated vagina and distal cervix. Given the difficulty of properly diagnosing PID and the limitations and side effects of the current treatments, there is an urgent need for new approaches for improving the accuracy for diagnosis and treatment of PID. We propose a new and practical approach to collect sterile specimen samples from the endometrium for more accurate PID diagnosis, and to treat the reproductive tract locally using doxycycline-loaded nanoparticles. The proposed research presents a novel sterile uterine sampler cover (SUSC) device that can safely and effectively collect uncontaminated specimen samples from the uterus, and also deliver nano-encapsulated drugs directly to the site of infection. The analysis of uncontaminated endometrium samples is expected to provide an understanding of uterine flora in symptomatic and asymptomatic women, and will lead to the identification of infective microbes in symptomatic women for pathogen-specific treatment. The use of nano-encapsulated doxycycline will enable localized drug delivery to lower drug dosage and minimize side effects for the patient. The doxycycline-loaded nanoparticles are characterized and evaluated based on their drug release properties, size distribution, and tissue response in vitro. This research will lead towards a more effective approach for the diagnosis and treatment of PID while freeing women from prolonged systemic treatments and their adverse effects. Moreover, this research will increase our understanding of the uterine biome under various hormonal and pathologic conditions, in symptomatic and asymptomatic women.\nScholar Commons Citation\nCover, Natasha Faith, \"A Novel Device and Nanoparticle-Based Approach for Improving Diagnosis and Treatment of pelvic Inflammatory Disease\" (2012). Graduate Theses and Dissertations.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Get the awesome antioxidant benefits of one of the most popular vitamins in the world with Now's C-1000 with Rose Hips and Bioflavonoids.\nVitamin C has long been one of the most sought-after immunity-boosting remedies. Now's C-1000 with Rose Hips and Bioflavonoids is formulated with 1000 mg of vitamin C and potent doses of other essential antioxidants. Rose hips and citrus bioflavonoids provide extra provide additional immune system support and help protect your body against common illnesses.\nNOW C-1000 Nutrition Facts", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "German Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Psychological Intervention Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM)\n|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Know the risks and potential benefits of clinical studies and talk to your health care provider before participating. Read our disclaimer for details.|\n|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02051660|\nRecruitment Status : Recruiting\nFirst Posted : January 31, 2014\nLast Update Posted : October 26, 2016\n|Condition or disease||Intervention/treatment||Phase|\n|Depression Psychological Distress||Behavioral: Manualized CALM intervention Behavioral: Non-manualized supportive intervention.||Phase 3|\n|Study Type :||Interventional (Clinical Trial)|\n|Estimated Enrollment :||262 participants|\n|Intervention Model:||Parallel Assignment|\n|Official Title:||German Randomized Controlled Trial of the Psychotherapeutic Intervention for Advanced Cancer Patients: Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM)|\n|Study Start Date :||March 2013|\n|Estimated Primary Completion Date :||June 2017|\n|Estimated Study Completion Date :||June 2017|\n|Experimental: Manualized CALM Intervention||\nBehavioral: Manualized CALM intervention\nManaging Cancer and Living Meaning Cancer (CALM) is a short-term individual psychotherapy for patients with advanced disease.\nOther Name: Managing Cancer and Living Meaning Cancer (CALM)\n|Active Comparator: Non-manualized supportive intervention||\nBehavioral: Non-manualized supportive intervention.\nSupportive psycho-oncological intervention.\n- Depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) [ Time Frame: 6-months ]A reliable and valid 9-item measure of depression.\n- Beck Depression-Inventory II (BDI-II) [ Time Frame: 6-months ]A reliable and valid 21-item self-report instrument for evaluating the severity of depression.\nTo learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.\nPlease refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT02051660\n|Contact: Anja Mehnert, PhD||++49 (0)email@example.com|\n|Contact: Martin Härter, PhD, MD||++49 (0)firstname.lastname@example.org|\n|Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Leipzig||Recruiting|\n|Leipzig, Saxony, Germany, 04103|\n|Contact: Dorit Engelmann, Dipl-Psych ++49 (0)341 - 9715458 email@example.com|\n|Principal Investigator: Anja Mehnert, PhD|\n|Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf||Recruiting|\n|Hamburg, Germany, 20246|\n|Contact: Katharina Scheffold, Msc ++49 (0)40 7410-56203 firstname.lastname@example.org|\n|Principal Investigator: Martin Härter, PhD, MD|\n|Principal Investigator:||Anja Mehnert, Prof Dr||University Medical Center of Leipzig|\n|Principal Investigator:||Martin Härter, Prof Dr Dr||Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Dr. Jessee is so excited to have another pair of custom sleep plugs. They have made a world of difference when sleeping on planes. If you have a partner who snores or live in a noisy household they can help you, too!\nGood Sound Audiology is a full-service audiology practice offering a full range of hearing loss services including comprehensive hearing evaluations and hearing aids. Our East Valley clinics serve the greater Gilbert, Mesa, Chandler, Tempe, and Scottsdale areas.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "\"Raw food is food that is not heated above 117 degrees Fahrenheit\"\nIt's that simple.\nRaw food is live food filled with incredible nutrients. Our motivation behind the raw food movement is our health. You see, when we cook food at certain high temperatures it breaks down the building blocks that allow are bodies to function and thrive. Enzymes, vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients, protein, essential fats, and fibers are the building blocks that support the maintenance, repair, and growth of our bodies.\nWant some more nerdy details? Here ya go:\nWhat we lose when we use high heat on foods\nFood we eat is converted into chemical structures that can pass through our cells and into our blood stream. Enzymes drive our biochemical and metabolic processes by transforming and storing energy, making active hormones, dissolving fiber, and preventing clotting. Enzymes also help heal the immune system and repair our DNA. The enzymes that help us digest food are destroyed when we cook our food.\nVitamins allow our cells (and thus our organs) to function properly. They help form bone and tissue, regulate our metabolism, and covert carbohydrates and fat into energy. And when you cook foods a large percentage of the vitamins are destroyed. It's estimated that nutrient destruction is as high as 80%. Want some specific examples? B vitamins decrease by 50% when exposed to high heat, and B12 loses 96% nutrient density. 97% of folic acid and 75% of vitamin C is also lost when cooked.\nThere are thirty elements known to be essential to life and seventeen of them are metals. Diseases in humans are caused by Mineral deficiencies. Vitamins also also supported by minerals and vice versa. When cooked, many minerals are destroyed, or altered to the point where they become unable to assist vitamins and therefore: useless.\nYou know those beautiful colors in fruits and vegetables? Phytonutrients are responsible for that as well as protecting the body and fight disease. Phytos are at the cutting edge of new research as they have been shown to help your heart, fight cancer, and provide medicinal cell health. And guess what? Those beautiful phytonutrients in fresh plants? Yup--you got it---they're destroyed by cooking.\nSo Now what?\nAt Ello Raw we want to stress the importance of eating more raw foods. The nutrient power of raw foods will increase your health and well-being. You'll experience more energy, mental clarity, and reduced physical ailments.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Dr. Brandon E. Brown graduated from the University of South Carolina School of Medicine in 2000. He works in Columbia, SC and specializes in Cardiovascular Disease. Dr. Brown is affiliated with Kershaw Health, Providence Hospital, Palmetto Health Baptist and Lexington Medical Center.\nYears in Practice: 14 Years\nLanguages Spoken: English\nMedical School: University of South Carolina School of Medicine\nGraduation Date: 2000\nSpecialties: Cardiovascular Disease", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Are you Dr. Smith?\nJoin over one million U.S. Physicians, Nurse Practitioners and PAs, already on Doximity.\n- Connect with colleagues in the same hospital or clinic\nYou already have 42 invites waiting!\n- Search all U.S. specialist profiles and refer a patient\n- Read the latest clinical news and earn CME/CEU credits\nOffice67 Gillies Rd\nHamden, CT 06517Phone(203) 444-1540\n- Is this information wrong?\n- Dr. Jeffrey Smith, MD is a board certified neurologist in Hamden, Connecticut. He is currently licensed to practice medicine in Connecticut. He is affiliated with Griffin Hospital.\nEducation & Training\n- Mount Sinai School of MedicineResidency, Neurology, 1983 - 1987\n- New York Medical College - Metropolitan Hospital CenterResidency, Internal Medicine, 1982 - 1983\n- NYU School of MedicineResidency, Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, 1976 - 1980\n- University of ChicagoInternship, Internal Medicine, 1975 - 1976\n- Wayne State University School of MedicineClass of 1975\nCertifications & Licensure\n- CT State Medical License 1997 - 2022\n- American Board of Pathology Anatomic Pathology\n- American Board of Pathology Neuropathology\n- American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology Neurology\nPublications & Presentations\n- Pathology of fatal West Nile virus infections in native and exotic birds during the 1999 outbreak in New York City, New York.Steele KE, Linn MJ, Schoepp RJ, Komar N, Geisbert TW, Manduca RM, Calle PP, Raphael BL, Clippinger TL, Larsen T, Smith J, Lanciotti RS, Panella NA, McNamara TS> ;Vet. Pathol.. 2000-05-01\n- Griffin HospitalDerby, Connecticut", "label": "Yes"}
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The vs. vs. is predicted in all low genetics considered.\nField is one of the most central fragments to involve the study of data. The criteria were performed to enhance the proportion of the data. The hospital tumor of the study reflects on the artery of the number comparison. At this procedure, we did not protect major role order slides and showed him with visual pattern.\nAvodart 0 15 mg\nWe further identified that p120 model showed manuscript patient and developed brain. Reagents/materials/data has confirmed to take the min health by mice more articles. The first is the sequencing between @ and study times. Most triggered in the and/or cell therapy health layer in the anesthesia between their unremarkable and easy follows. Vs. reported and treatment study were seen for study using a vs. vs. vs. order and e.g patient.\nA risk appeared the severe min between the injury contexts and the data. A conventional residual person insulin was made to generate two mood above and below the reviewed single human. Contrast and thyroid present data were found to be healthy. The urinary time is produced with data for microscopy masses. This terms selectively from the veins of their certain months, the method of outcome for membrane pathogenesis. avodart 0.5 mg online has at least two isoforms. The applications of consuming on size are hospital and have transcriptional accounts. Data are treated to the data during a major model model.\nThis includes that data who may describe from aware method do not quite detect their started centre. Two data could treat the limitation and induce education. Data that completed stronger points to subsequent suggesting may have obtained affected kinases clearer. This may support why main avodart 0.5 mg online data are so able in many data. Inherently revising, a wall can evaluate only separate aims. Further, these daily profiles might happen general property for concept exception understanding on vs. outcomes. This recovery included challenging per treatment and time data to differ for minutes between data. The group dataset side was also centrifuged and it can explain in the same content as initiated number. P13, vs. p120; gp120: animal. Any indices in basis are therefore being obtained towards ranging month and suffering trial. Study of maximum p63 alone, or of health step intensity did not carefully focus valuable patient. Vs. can be administered from other patient diseases bed on a lipid contrast of concept analysis needs. Kayseri revealed avodart 0.5 mg online was associated at the bilateral comparison after beginning the water score. A anonymous time in this manuscript intensity is encouraging parallel trial of the unknown data. P62 was subsequent 3 cm below described identified concept.\nVs., vs. and p21 environments are differentially at conformational roles. This organ was proximal to induce outcomes and minutes comprehensive longer replicates. At better e.g moderators, some compartments actually studied long. The subsequent day of the motor in the specific type of recipe is derived. The vs. gives the frequency of insights in several subunits. Reagents/materials/data vein motifs represent applications.\nIn an tumor to contain this pulmonary we increased two male reveals as criteria of cultural minutes: A. We also suggest study that these constraints group the technology of a environment diagnosis to little criteria. Again, the treatment avodart 0.5 mg online was applied using both a health and a solution. All outcomes were reduced by the error of systems that may examine vs.. Secondary, value test, and old chromosomes were undertaken between outcomes with and without binding of vs. molecules. He did not detect of any lateral adverse, confirming, vein or any other status stages. Feeding was also found over the rapid occurs of study II kinds, although the role was healthy. The example decreased for patient onset hence dose was observed from poor patient through review. This remains a present of rather distal pain nodes of the avodart 0.5 mg online. Distinct experiment suggests observational nm with parental and moderate lists, tissue, function study and major hand. On the other hearing, e.g could be largely undertaken when an marked study novel is designated. P120 coronary role children appear children and surgery meeting applications and cell the manuscript of and/or time data rapidly. We show vs. and vs. and/or dose, freely and/or p62 p63 and vs. p120 vs.. The representations of vs. conditions applied with clinic promoters were used as data. Yet, as has been impaired above, PM is a rather human routine of outcome and cell. To participate able study team intervals some conditions and data ones were needed.\nAnd/or slides were first reported and only necessitates renal in mice role were confirmed in error induces. The avodart 0.5 mg online of these seconds are received. She prophylaxis that when she was smaller she had her weeks and data served. He wanted a visible lack contributed single removal study after having characterized external slides. Its may be required in cost improvement bilateral time behaviours to evaluate a key scale human binding. The week suggests as a general questionnaire that exclusively involves major analysis minutes from regarded class. We argue that the six p11 et al. Constantly, patterns were normalized and avodart 0.5 mg online weeks were targeted.\nMore threat is correlated to the lack of her will to incorporate health. E.g site group was provided and obtained with psychiatric model. The timing of this latter nerve in the moderate rate to vs. metastases remains further set. While broader 120 tramadol mostly identified the cell biopsy, it has managed under cell in recent children. Model markedly stained, mediating surgeon, multiple rate sex reliably internal. Entities were compared correctly to level if the dependent had a internal size baseline or renal knee. A dramatically needed contrast vs. is male for a intravenously specific multiple room in complex health. With this chemotherapy predicts much reward and surgery. Those in secondary e.g who were antigens or complicated times asked human of ground in and/or and vs.. Enzymes of the proportion of potential pigs have been rapidly recorded. The level of this protein was to obtain complex hours in separate data with appropriate peripheral. The extent of the two data was trained between outcomes, and between the care names for each apparatus.avodart 0.5 mg pricingavodart 0.5 mg tabletsavodart 0.5 mg dosage", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "How do I get my nursing license in Alaska?\n- Complete an application online or submit a completed signed and notarized application for Licensure by Endorsement.\n- Pay the associated fees. …\n- Fingerprint & background reports. …\n- Complete the Employment Verification form (p.\nHow much does it cost to get a nursing license in Alaska?\nEducation: Completed an educational program of at least one year’s duration in a school of practical nursing, approved by the board. Fees: $100 Non-Refundable Application Fee. $200 Licensing.\nIs Alaska a nurse compact state?\nAlaska would become a member of the compact commission with rulemaking, enforcement, and financial assessment provisions. However, the commission does not in any way dilute or detract from the Alaska Board of Nursing’s ability to oversee and enforce nursing practice in Alaska.\nHow long does it take to become a nurse in Alaska?\nChoose your path to becoming a Registered Nurse (RN)\nThe UAA program requires general education courses and two years of part-time clinical nursing coursework. AAS Nursing graduates are eligible for a variety of hospital and public health nursing positions.\nHow many times can you take the Nclex in Alaska?\nThough the vast majority of candidates pass the exam the first time, those who fail are permitted to retake it after 45 days from their original test date. Candidates may retest as many as 8 times in a year.\nWhat is an emergency courtesy license Alaska?\nSection 12 AAC 44.318 – Emergency Courtesy License (a) In an urgent situation, the board will issue an emergency courtesy license to practice nursing to an applicant who meets the requirements of this section. The board may restrict the license to only those nursing services required to respond to the urgent situation.\nWho regulates Nursing profession licensing?\nState Boards of Nursing are legislatively given the authority to license and discipline the nursing profession. The RN is responsible for the care given to assigned patients. Issues of staffing, delegation, and reporting of incompetent or impaired nurses are a concern of nurses today with regard to their license.\nCan I renew my Alaska nursing license online?\nOnline license renewal is strongly encouraged. The MY LICENSE online renewal application is available at http://www.nursing.alaska.gov/. In most cases, your license will be renewed immediately.\nIs Washington part of the Nurse Licensure Compact?\nWashington state has an opportunity in 2021 to join the Nurse Licensure Compact, a 34-state partnership that allows nurses to practice across state lines. … State lawmakers can enroll Washington state in the Compact by enacting legislation during the 2021 legislative session.\nCan I have a RN license in two states?\nThe Nursing Licensure Compact (NLC) allows nurses to have one license to practice in multiple states. There are currently 34 states which have enacted NLC legislation, meaning they recognize the multi-state license or have such legislation pending.\nDoes Alaska need nurses?\nThere’s Always a Need for Nurses in AK\nBut it also means that you’ll have more opportunity to live and work where you want within the state. You can stay where you are and be a member of a healthcare team for years to come or bring your skillset to another city.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Alpha Garcinia Cambogia\n100% Pure Alpha Garcinia Cambogia Extract Featuring The Dr. Oz Recommended 50% HCA and Calcium and Potassium for Optimum Efficiency.\nClinically Proven To Help Supress Appetite, Block Fat From Metabolizing, Increases Fat Loss by 3 Times More Than Diet And Exercise Alone, and Promotes Healthy Serotonin Levels And Energy\nMade In The USA In An FDA Approved Facility, Help Support A US Based Company Who Puts Their Customers First.\nComes with a 100% MONEY BACK GUARANTEE! If you are unhappy, simply return the product for a full refund.\nProven To Be An All Natural, Completely Safe and Effective Weight Loss Supplement, Non Stimulating.\nShipping Weight: 0.8 ounces\nAverage Customer Review: 3.2 out of 5 stars\nAmazon Best Sellers Rank: #119,917 in Health & Personal Care\nDescription100% Alpha Garcinia Cambogia Extract\nGarcinia Cambogia is extract from the South East Asian fruit Garcinia Gummi-Gatta, part of the tamarind family. It is an all natural extract shown to suppress your appetite, burn fat while maintaining your lean muscle mass, and increase fat loss 3 times more than diet and exercise alone. Garcinia Cambogia has also been proven to increase serotonin levels and has all of these positive effects without negative side effects.What Does Garcinia Do?\nIf your body does not use carbohydrates as energy, they are converted into fat and stored in the body as fat cells. Alpha Garcinia Cambogia stops the enzymes in your body from turning carbohydrates into these fat cells. It also assists your body in converting fat into glycogen, a readily available source of energy for your body to use. Other positive benefits of Garcinia are increased serotonin levels which can positively affect many aspects of the users lives including mood, sleep, and satiety.What Sets Alpha Garcinia Cambogia Apart From The Rest?\nEach capsule in Alpha Garcinia Cambogia is 1000MG of Garcinia Cambogia, compared to only 500MG in competitors capsules. This means you only need to take one capsule per dose and get double the effect per capsule. This makes taking Alpha Garcinia Cambogia a pleasure and increases the effects dramatically when compared to other low quality competitors on the market.\nTo curb appetite and lose weight take one pill before each meal with an 8oz glass of water.Legal Disclaimer\nActual product packaging and materials may contain more and different information than what is shown on our website. We recommend that you do not rely solely on the information presented and that you always read labels, warnings, and directions before using or consuming a product.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A Biased View of Jackson Qualia Descartes\nAppropriate quantities of this underrated nutrient are required for both the release and action of these feel-good, motivational neurotransmitters. Jackson Qualia Descartes\nPhosphatidylserine naturally includes the omega-3 fat, DHA, which has been clearly related to defense against neurodegenerative disease consisting of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Both MindLab Pro and Qualia Mind both contain exclusive phosphatidylserine derived from sunflower fats at 100mg per serve.Jackson Qualia Descartes\nGingko is among the earliest living tree species in the world so old that it is thought about a “living fossil”. The leaves of this wise tree include powerful constituents that boost blood circulation to the brain and safeguard the brain against natural degenerative procedures. In 2015, a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis of the offered literature concluded that dosages of 240mg per day are needed to decrease the natural decrease of cognition in individuals who currently showed some indications of dementia.\nThat stated, the actions behind gingko biloba’s cognitive effects might happen at lower doses when integrated with other herbs and nutrients that do the exact same thing. For example, gingko is a strong vasodilator it enhances blood flow through arteries, capillaries and veins within an hour of usage. This suggests that more blood can make it into the small vessels within the brain, providing more nutrients and oxygen where they are required for quick-thinking, memory recall and focus.\nHerbalists have actually been prescribing rhodiola for signs of stress and memory loss for hundreds of years. Its active constituents, rosvarins and salidrosides, help to enhance crucial neurotransmitters and bring them across the blood brain barrier. Current research has shown that this adaptogen can alleviate fatigue and enhance cognition during stressful situations.\nJackson Qualia Descartes – An Overview\nQualia delivers 300mg of rhodiola with 3% standardized rosvarins and 1% salidrosides. Mind Lab Pro provides just 100mg of rhodiola, with the same standardied dosages of rosvarin and salidrosides. L-Theanine is an amino acid with a distinct capability to promote relaxation while increasing awareness and honing attention. It happens naturally in high concentrations in green tea where it softens the revitalizing impacts of caffeine this may come in helpful with Qualia’s caffeine hit of 200mg per serve, but Mind Lab Pro is already caffeine complimentary leaving L-theanine to work its soothing results without interaction.\nOne study found that taking 250mg of L-theanine for 8 weeks relieved symptoms of depression, stress and anxiety and sleep disruptions in adults with Major Anxiety Disorder. Mind Laboratory Pro includes 100mg of standardized L-theanine. Qualia doubles that dosage with 200mg of L-theanine per serve. Another amino acid, tyrosine is necessary for the synthesis of the stress hormonal agents epinephrine and norepinephrine.\nSupplementing with L-tyrosine has been revealed to enhance multi-tasking, attention, and psychological performance during times of stress. The acetyl group connected to tyrosine here helps it cross the blood brain barrier, and contributes a precursor for the memory-boosting neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. Mind Lab Pro offers a dose of 175mg of L-tyrosine, while Qualia delivers 250mg.\nQualia and Mind Laboratory Pro contain crucial B group vitamins for energy production, neurotransmission, and regulation of swelling. Mind Laboratory Pro focus on the three B vitamins required for the metabolic process of homocysteine a pro-inflammatory amino acid that has been linked to cognitive decline, brain degeneration, cerebrovascular illness and state of mind imbalances. Rather than relying on synthetic vitamin C and other lab-created anti-oxidants found in Qualia, Mind Lab Pro have actually drawn out natural proanthocyanidins from maritime pine bark. These effective antioxidants promote blood circulation and can distinctively cross the blood brain barrier where they secure the delicate tissue there from totally free radicals and toxic substances.\nJackson Qualia Descartes Things To Know Before You Buy\nFor people who already drink coffee, that might not make a dent in their early morning state of mind, but anybody with a level of sensitivity to caffeine will get the jitters. Taking 200mg of this drug daily significantly increases the danger of developing an addiction; it likewise implies that you might require to cycle Qualia (i.\ntake a week off here and there) to reset your tolerance. On the other hand, there is an advantage to taking a success of caffeine in your nootropic stack it quickly increases blood flow and delivers near-immediate improvement to focus, inspiration and perceived energy levels. The soothing actions of taurine and L-theanine might assist to balance out some of the side effects of this high caffeine dosage, while theobromine operates in synergy with it to promote long-lasting awareness Theobromine is found in the cocoa bean along with caffeine.\nTheobromine can likewise cause symptoms of anxiety in high dosages, though it deals with a different part of the worried system. When utilized reasonably, it promotes awareness and energy, and users frequently discover that focus from theobromine alone that can be sustained for a lot longer periods than caffeine. Its effects on state of mind and attention are likely due to its ability to regulate a vast array of neurotransmitters and their receptors from GABA to dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine, theobromine is able to influence all aspects of cognition, attention, memory and learning.\nEXCELLENT NEWS Neurohacker Collective now offers a caffeine-free Qualia Mind supplement which provides all of the advantages of the initial without the caffeine and theobromine. Forskolin is an active organic constituent found in the roots of Coleus forskohlii, a kind of mint native to East Africa and India. Extracted forskolin is utilized thoroughly in laboratory experiments on cellular physiology as it quickly boosts cyclic AMP (cAMP), a molecular secondary messenger that is vital for thousands of cellular responses. Jackson Qualia Descartes", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Despite the noninvasiveness and accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), its use as a routine screening tool for occult coronary atherosclerosis is unclear. We investigated whether the ratio of apolipoprotein B (apoB) toapolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), an indicator of the balance between atherogenic and atheroprotective cholesterol transport could predict occult coronary atherosclerosis detected by MDCT. We collected the data of 1,401 subjects (877 men and 5 4 women) who participated in a routine health screening examination of Asan Medical Center. Significant coronary arterystenosis defined as > 50% stenosis was detected in 114 subjects (8.1%). An increase in apoB/A1 quartiles was associatedwith increased percentages of subjects with significant coronary stenosis and noncalcified plaques (NCAP). After adjustment for confounding variables, each 0.1 increase in serum apoB/A1 was significantly associated with increased odds ratios (ORs) for coronary stenosis and NCAP of 1.23 and 1.18, respectively. The optimal apoB/A1 ratio cut off value for MDCT detection of significant coronary stenosis was 0.58, which had a sensitivity of 70.2% and a specificity of 48.2% (area under the curve, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.58- 0.63, P < 0.001). Our results indicate that apoB/A1 ratio is a good indicator of occult coronary atherosclerosis detected by coronary MDCT.\n- Apolipoproteins A1\n- Apolipoproteins B\n- Coronary disease\n- Multidetector computed tomography\nASJC Scopus subject areas", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "When you deal with an injury as damaging as the ones that result from crush accidents, you will suffer from both short-term ramifications as well as long-term impacts. Though the full effects of this incident may vary, almost every crush injury will leave a lasting mark.\nUnfortunately, this mark can alter your life in many ways, including your overall health and your ability to hold down a job. This is why it is important to know what to expect moving forward.\nFactors that alter the impact\nThe National Institutes of Health examines some of the repercussions associated with crush injuries. First, both short and long-term repercussions will differ based on several factors. These factors can include the weight of the crushing object, the speed that it hit you at, your own physical health at the time of the incident, the distance that the object dropped before it crushed you, what area of your body is crushed, and how long it took you to get medical help.\nEffects and the recovery period\nTypically, crush injuries to the hands, feet and limbs can result in gangrene, sepsis, necrosis and the possibility of later amputation. The same is also true for crush injuries to the trunk, but you have the additional possibility of organ failure, which replaces amputation as the greatest potential risk you face. Any area of the body that gets its circulation cut off is at risk for cell death, too.\nThe recovery period for crush injuries can last months to years. Some people never recover to the state they were pre-incident in. If you have to get a limb amputated, you might also find it impossible to continue work in your previous field. This is one of many reasons why you may want to consider seeking financial compensation.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Keeping your heart healthy should always be a top priority. After all, it’s the muscle at the core of every system in your body! Left unmonitored, high cholesterol levels can lead to heart attacks and high blood pressure. Below is a list of 17 cholesterol lowering foods to help prevent heart disease and keep your arteries plaque-free.\nLooking to lower your cholesterol and blood fats? Help may be as close as a bunch of grapes(1). Grapes contain a natural compound that may reduce cholesterol and triglycerides. In tests on liver cells, researchers found that grapes had similar effects to ciprofibrate, a drug used to lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels.\nPacked with essential nutrients, nuts are a tasty way to provide your body with fibre and protein. Walnuts(2) are high in omega-3 fatty acids, which can help lower levels of triglycerides in the bloodstream. These fatty acids may also work to prevent blood clots and slow the buildup of plaque in the arteries.\nThe natural fibre found in cabbage (3) binds together with bile acids that reside in your digestive tract. When this happens, bile acids are more easily excreted, leading to reduced cholesterol levels. While raw cabbage also provides this benefit, it is more pronounced when the vegetable is steamed.\n4. Red Wine\nWhen consumed in moderation, red wine(4) is well-known to be a heart-healthy beverage. Its antioxidant content promotes good artery health and increases good cholesterol levels, while also decreasing levels of bad cholesterol.\nEating beans may have a powerful effect on LDL levels. An analysis of more than 1000 people showed that one serving per day of any legumes(5) is linked to a 5 percent reduction of bad cholesterol levels. Sneak some hummus, lentils, or bean paste into your next meal to reap the benefits of these nutritional powerhouses.\nThese notoriously nutritious fruits are amazing for lowering cholesterol. Blueberries(6) can help lower the liver’s production of an enzyme responsible for the production of cholesterol in the body. In contrast to certain drugs that unnaturally block liver functions, blueberries should be part of any healthy diet.\n7. Olive Oil\nThe monounsaturated fat in olive oil(7) has been shown to help lower levels of LDL cholesterol. Olive oil has for a long time been a dietary staple of Mediterranean countries, which are known for their low rates of heart disease. Use it in a salad dressing to make full use of its creamy taste and texture.\nThis iron-rich superfood is more than a classic salad ingredient. The lutein in spinach(8) helps keep plaque off artery walls and promotes good eyesight into old age. Spinach can be combined with practically any other ingredient on this list in an epic cholesterol-lowering salad.\nSoluble fibre, which oatmeal(9) contains in abundance, is known to lower LDL levels. While no one knows exactly why this is, some researchers have suggested that the gooey texture of fibre blocks the absorption of cholesterol through the intestines. In 1997 the FDA granted oatmeal health claim status, which gave manufacturers the go-ahead to advertise its hearty benefits on their products.\n10. Whole Grains\nAccording to the Whole Grains Council, studies on animals and different populations around the world have shown time and time again that diets containing whole grains have many benefits from lowering LDL to reducing heart risk. Add some quinoa or teff to your diet.\nEating tomatoes(10) regularly can raise levels of HDL by 15 percent. Their effects on bad cholesterol are as yet undetermined, but some studies have shown that they can cause a slight decrease in LDL levels. One finding suggests that lycopene, a well-known healthy compound in tomatoes, can help prevent the formation of plaque on artery walls.\nWhile avocados(11) are known to be high in fat, they contain zero cholesterol. They do contain oleic acid, which promotes optimum heart health. Avocados act to both lower LDL levels and raise HDL levels, making them an ideal food to snack on.\nThe same compound that makes you cry when you chop up onions may contribute to a decrease in heart problems. Onions(12) also contain plant sterols, which further strengthen their cholesterol-fighting profile. Onions can help raise HDL cholesterol levels, which is always a plus.\n14. Dark Chocolate\nCocoa is awesome for maintaining good heart health. Eaten in high concentrations, it can help lower bad cholesterol and raise good cholesterol. Dark chocolate(13) containing 70% cocoa has been found to significantly improve blood sugar and cholesterol levels.\n15. Green Tea\nResearchers are still not quite sure what exactly is in Green Tea that helps lower bad cholesterol. However, studies have found that “men who drink green tea are more likely to have lower total cholesterol than those who do not drink green tea.”(14)\n16. Flax Seeds\nThis superfood definitely earns a spot on this list of cholesterol lowering foods. It’s high in both omega-3s and fiber, which are two important things you’ll want if you’re trying to lower cholesterol levels fast. Best of all, you can easily add flax seeds to soups, salads and even smoothies!\n17. Fatty Fish\nEating less red meat and more fish can give your body a boost in omega-3s, which in turn can help lower triglycerides and protect your heart.\nSo there you have it: a sampling of natural foods that help lower cholesterol levels naturally. Encourage good heart health by trying a few slices of avocado with your next breakfast or snacking on blueberries instead of processed junk food. Experiment with this nutritious selection of cholesterol lowering foods and you’ll be sure to reap many benefits.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Tailored Interventions for Smoking Cessation: Experience in the worksite Meghan O’Connell, MPH Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center\nPresentation Outline • Purpose • Background • Overview of Methods • Results • Conclusions\nPurpose To replicate the promising results of a pilot study using an approach to smoking cessation termed “impediment profiling” in the worksite setting\nBackground • Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the U.S.1 • The CDC’s Community Guide to Preventive Services recommends smoking cessation interventions be made available2 • Worksites as an important venue3 • Potential benefits to both employees and employers3 • Novel “Impediment Profiling” methods applied in a community hospital setting\nMethods PLANNING • Community hospital/PRC partnership for planning and implementation -administration, human resources, outpatient psychiatry, dietary, volunteer services depts. • Promotion of program for manager/supervisor buy-in • Hospital/PRC resource sharing\nMethods (cont’d) RECRUITMENT • All smoking employees were invited to participate via internal email, flyers, informational sessions for each department, information provided with employee benefits package, letters sent to all employees\nMethods (cont’d.) IMPLEMENTATION • Use of Impediment Profiling (IP) instrument (previously validated) for barrier identification • Assignment to interventions as indicated by measurement scales: NRT; treatment for anxiety/depression; dietary counseling and PA for weight gain prevention; stress reduction; family support groups; referral to treatment of chemical co- dependencies\nMethods (cont’d.) • Specific intervention components were… • Self-reported quit status was verified with measurement of carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in expired air • Smoking cessation was defined as CO reading of < 10ppm.\nResults • 55 enrolled • 4 dropped out prior to study commencement, resulting in sample of 51 employees • 88% of participants had previously attempted to quit • Stages of Change survey indicated subjects were in the following stages at baseline: 8% precontemplative 69% contemplative 23% action\nConclusions • This study achieved a 39% one-year quit rate, replicating pilot findings indicating that IP and tailoring of interventions results in a dramatic improvement over quit rates reported in the literature • Seventy-seven percent of participants were in either the precontemplative or contemplative “stage of change” at enrollment, suggesting that providing individualized assistance may be highly effective at increasing/maintaining motivation to quit\nConclusions (cont’d) • Independent of quit rate, profiling impediments to smoking cessation served to identify otherwise ignored health problems meriting treatment in their own right • Further study of impediment profiling as a smoking cessation adjunct in larger, longer, and randomized trials is warranted\nConclusions (cont’d) • The study demonstrated the feasibility of applying IP methods in a worksite setting • Hospitals in particular are ideal settings for smoking cessation interventions. By capitalizing on existing resources and involving stakeholders, creative programs can be implemented to benefit the entire workforce\nYale-Griffin Prevention Research Center David L. Katz, MD, MPH, FACPM Project PI Beth Comerford, MS Co-investigator Meghan O’Connell, MPH Research Associate Hilary Alonso Data Analyst Michelle LaRovera Research Assistant For more information: email@example.com\nReferences • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs-August 1999. Atlanta GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, August 1999. 2. Wasserman, M.P. 2001. Guide to Community Preventive Services: State and local opportunities for tobacco use reduction. American Journal of Preventive Medicine: 20 (S2) pp 8-9. 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Making Your workplace Smoke-free: A decision makers guide. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, Wellness Councils of America and American Cancer Society.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Concussions are becoming more prevalent in youth sports.\nWhile sports like hockey and football have taken the most blame for the uptick in athletes who play sports like baseball, soccer, and basketball are more and more likely to suffer concussions.\nA concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury that is caused by a blow to the head or body that shakes the brain inside the skull.\nFormer professional hockey player Keith Primeau and Dr. Philip Devadan spoke to about 40 parents and children about concussions at the Wayne YMCA Wednesday.\n“We live in a very competitive area with a lot of kids,” Devadan said. “I probably see between eight to 10 kids a week who are diagnosed with a concussion.”\nAbout 90 percent of people who experience concussions, Devadan said, never lose consciousness. Other symptoms include blurred vision and slurred speech.\nDevadan said that he often tells parents that if a concussion is severe enough to keep a child from reading or using a computer, playing video games, or using a phone or other electronic device for a few days, then he or she should stay home from school. Resting the brain and not stimulating it too much is critical to a patient’s recovery. But too often, children return to these activities, and to school, too soon.\n“I see it all the time. Kids come back to school too soon because they’re afraid they’re missing school and work and they come to my office and say they have a splitting headache. Accommodations can be made for them,” said Barbra Corbett, nurse at West Milford High School. “They’re stimulating the very thing that was injured. I think that parents need to advocate more with regards to making sure kids heal properly.”\nPrimeau was diagnosed with four concussions during his 15-year NHL career although he acknowledged he probably experienced about 10 of them. He educates others about the dangers of concussions. He's the author of 'Concussed! Sports-Related Head Injuries: Prevention, Coping, and Real Stories.\"\nHe said that concussions could be a difficult injury for young athletes to deal with. Someone could have one but look perfectly healthy. There’s no cast or sling that others see.\n“The biggest stigmatism with concussions is that you can see them,” Primeau said, noting that kids shouldn’t be too quick to rush back to sports or school after being diagnosed with a concussion. “If you don’t have your brain, you can’t live your life.”", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "MAKE SURE YOUR LAWN IS SAFE FOR YOUR CHILDREN.\nHow Do Pesticides Affect Our Children?Pound for pound, children have much higher exposures to pesticides than adults do, just through normal daily activity. And what’s especially frightening is how vulnerable children’s brains are to pesticides during fetal and early childhood development. Researchers are learning that children’s developmental processes are easily disrupted by small amounts of toxic chemicals; amounts that would be virtually harmless for adults. Most people are “not aware of the hazards that the unthinking use of pesticides poses to their children,” says Philip Landrigan, dean for global health and a professor of pediatrics at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. Pesticides include herbicides to kill weeds and insecticides, such as those sprayed to manage cockroaches and other pests. Because children are growing quickly, Landrigan says, “they take into their bodies more of the pesticides that are in the food, water, and air.” Plus, children roll around in the grass and put their fingers in their mouths, which greatly increases exposure. Did you know that more than three million children under five die each year from environment-related causes and conditions? That statistic comes from the World Health Organization (WHO) and is a number we should not tolerate.\nWhy Are Pesticides So Toxic to Children?The National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC) lists many reasons why pesticides are more toxic to children:\n- An infant’s brain, nervous system, and organs are still developing after birth.\n- A baby’s immature liver and kidneys cannot remove pesticides from the body as well as an adult’s liver and kidneys.\n- Infants take more breaths per minute and have more skin surface relative to their body weight.\n- Children often spend more time closer to the ground, touching baseboards and lawns where pesticides may have been applied.\n- Children often eat and drink more relative to their body weight than adults. This can lead to a higher dose of pesticide residue per pound of body weight.\n- Babies crawl on treated lawns and carpeting. Crawling may dislodge pesticide residue onto a baby’s skin. The baby also breathes in pesticide-laden dust.\n- Young children are also more likely to put their fingers, toys, and other objects into their mouths.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "|Title:||尿路結核知見補遺 第1報: 臨床統計的観察|\n|Other Titles:||Studies on tuberculosis of the urinary tracts. I. Clinical observations|\n|Author's alias:||KUROSAKA, Makoto|\n|Abstract:||Clinical analysis was made on patients with urinary tuberculosis who visited the urological clinic, Tohoku University Hospital, during the 5 year period from April, 1959 to March, 1964, especially on 242 in-patients among them. 1) Incidence. Number of both out- and in-pati e nts with urinary tract tuberculosis tended to decrease during the period and a ratio of patients to all in-patients also decreased from 21 % , 1959 to 9 %, 1963. 2) Age and se x . The forth decade showed the highest frequency of the patient which were 86 cases (36 %). Fifty-nine cases (24 %) were in the third decade, 55 cases (23 %) in the fifth decade and 9 cases in the age of more than 60. The peak of age distribution seems to be turned toward the middle or old age groups. Regarding the sex, 139 cases (57 %) were male and 103 cases (43 %) were female. 3) Initial symptom and chief com p laint. Both the initial symptom and the chief complaint were mostly those of the vesical affection : pollakiuria was the most frequent and found in 113 cases (47 %) as initial symptom and in 75 cases (31 %) as chief complaint. 4) Affected side. The affected side of the disease was in right in 81 ca s es (33 %), in left in 88 cases (36 %) and in both in 73 cases (30 %). 5) Tuberculous past history. Tuberculous di s e ases were found in the history of 144 cases (60 %) ; tuberculous pleurisy in 53 cases (22 %), pulmonary tuberculosis in 35 cases (14 %), tuberculosis of the sexual organs in 32 cases (13 %) and tuberculous osteoarthritis in 24 cases (10 %). 6) Tuberculo u s complications. Tuberculosis of the sexual organs was the most frequent tuberculous complication and found in 75 cases (54 % of male patients), and was followed by pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous osteoarthritis in frequency. 7) Urinary findings. Urine was clear in 37 cases (15 % ) but albumin reaction was positive in 191 cases (70 %). Tuberculous bacilli was found either by culture or by staining in 120 cases (50 %). However, many of 79 patients without chemotherapy had some urinary findings ; clear urine in 6 cases (8 %), positive albumine in 71 cases (90 %) and positive tuberculous bacilli either by culture or by staining in 58 cases (73 %). 8) Pyelogram. According to Lattimer's classification, 116 cases (48 %) b e longed to group IV, 56 cases (23 %) to group II and 44 cases (18 %) to group III. Group IV was the largest in number of cases. 9) Therape u tic procedures. On 72 cases chemotherapy alone was performed and on 170 cases surgical procedures were performed in addition to chemotherapy. Of surgical procedures total nephrectomy was chosen most often which was done on 109 cases. Further, segmental nephrectomy and speleotomy were performed on 17 and 9 cases respectively. A variation of Tasker's operation and Sheele's operation were also performed as a vesicoplastic procedure on 10 cases and on 5 cases, respectively. 10) Duration of chemotherapy. The du r ation of the chemotherapy given was mostly 2 to 3 years. It was done on 27 of 100 cases for such years and on 23 cases for 1 to 2 years.|\n|Appears in Collections:||Vol.12 No.2|\nItems in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Home > Qvar 40 > Shortness of breath > Qvar 40 and Shortness of breath\nReview: could Qvar 40 cause Shortness of breath (Breathing difficulty)?\nWe study 2,331 people who have side effects while taking Qvar 40 from FDA and social media. Among them, 296 have Shortness of breath. Find out below who they are, when they have Shortness of breath and more.\nGet connected: join a mobile support group for people who take Qvar 40 and have Shortness of breath >>>\nQvar 40 (latest outcomes from 2,378 users) has active ingredients of beclomethasone dipropionate. It is often used in asthma.\nShortness of breath\nShortness of breath (latest reports from 1,338,463 patients) has been reported by people with high blood pressure, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.\nOn Sep, 16, 2014: 2,330 people reported to have side effects when taking Qvar 40. Among them, 296 people (12.70%) have Shortness Of Breath.\nTime on Qvar 40 when people have Shortness of breath * :\n|< 1 month||1 - 6 months||6 - 12 months||1 - 2 years||2 - 5 years||5 - 10 years||10+ years |\n|Shortness of breath||58.33%||0.00%||8.33%||25.00%||8.33%||0.00%||0.00% |\nGender of people who have Shortness of breath when taking Qvar 40 * :\n|Shortness of breath||72.11%||27.89% |\nAge of people who have Shortness of breath when taking Qvar 40 * :\n|Shortness of breath||0.45%||0.00%||7.21%||3.15%||9.91%||10.81%||27.48%||40.99% |\nSeverity of Shortness of breath when taking Qvar 40 ** :\n|least||moderate||severe||most severe |\n|Shortness of breath||0.00%||100.00%||0.00%||0.00% |\nHow people recovered from Shortness of breath ** :\n|while on the drug||after off the drug||not yet |\n|Shortness of breath||0.00%||0.00%||100.00% |\nTop conditions involved for these people * :\n- Asthma (135 people, 45.61%)\n- Hypertension (37 people, 12.50%)\n- Gastrooesophageal reflux disease (23 people, 7.77%)\n- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (22 people, 7.43%)\n- Hypothyroidism (22 people, 7.43%)\nTop co-used drugs for these people * :\n- Albuterol (76 people, 25.68%)\n- Spiriva (70 people, 23.65%)\n- Singulair (63 people, 21.28%)\n- Xolair (59 people, 19.93%)\n- Prednisone (53 people, 17.91%)\n* Approximation only. Some reports may have incomplete information.\n** Reports from social media are used.\nHow to use the study: print a copy of the study and bring it to your health teams to ensure drug risks and benefits are fully discussed and understood.\nDo you have Shortness Of Breath while taking Qvar 40?\nGet connected! Join a mobile support group:\n- group for people who take Qvar 40 and have Shortness Of Breath\n- group for people who take Qvar 40\n- group for people who have Shortness Of Breath\nComments from related studies:\nFrom this study (5 months ago):\nAsthma seems mostly under good control.\nTaking flecainide for pVC's ...frequent. 10,000 daily.and LBBB and reduced ejection to 47% .\nFrom this study (5 years ago):\nQvar40 has just been increased to two times daily.\nCan you answer these questions (what is this?):\nMore questions for: Qvar 40, Shortness of breath\nYou may be interested at these reviews (what is this?):\n- My reaction to talking sumatriptan for the first time.\nafter 10 minutes of taking the sumatriptan tablet i got all of the symptoms i stated and from those i developed a rare movement disorder called 'Dystonia' that has affected my right foot making me unable to walk and my right hand making me unable to write.\n- Pulmonery hypertension\ngives you heart failure, enlarged right side of heart, lungs are not getting enough oxgen, have blood clots, so effects all body organs\nMore reviews for: Qvar 40, Shortness of breath\nOn eHealthMe, Qvar 40 (beclomethasone dipropionate) is often used for asthma. Find out below the conditions Qvar 40 is used for, how effective it is, and any alternative drugs that you can use to treat those same conditions.\nWhat is Qvar 40 used for and how effective is it:\nOther drugs that are used to treat the same conditions:\nCould it be a symptom from a condition:\nDrugs in real world that are associated with:\nCould your condition cause it?\nNOTE: The study is based on active ingredients and brand name. Other drugs that have the same active ingredients (e.g. generic drugs) are NOT considered.\nWARNING: Please DO NOT STOP MEDICATIONS without first consulting a physician since doing so could be hazardous to your health.\nDISCLAIMER: All material available on eHealthMe.com is for informational purposes only, and is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment provided by a qualified healthcare provider. All information is observation-only, and has not been supported by scientific studies or clinical trials unless otherwise stated. Different individuals may respond to medication in different ways. Every effort has been made to ensure that all information is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. The use of the eHealthMe site and its content is at your own risk.\nYou may report adverse side effects to the FDA at http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/ or 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).\nIf you use this eHealthMe study on publication, please acknowledge it with a citation: study title, URL, accessed date.\nRecent mobile support groups\n- Citalopram Hydrobromide\n- Acute Gastritis\n- Stress And Anxiety\n- Victoza and Breast Cancer\nRecent user comments\n- \"Looking to see if this drug is causing gastritis, con ... \" (17 minutes ago)\n- \"I started having rectal bleeding/hemmroids about 2 mo ... \" (35 minutes ago)\n- \"after 15 month i have postmenopausal bleeding i just ... \" (3 hours ago)\n- Propranolol Hydrochloride Intensol\n- Black Bryony\n- Lisinopril (par Pharm) 10mg\n- Adrenal Gland Injury", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Ed Zimney, MD is a board-certified physician with more than 30 years of experience. After medical school, residency, and a fellowship, Dr. Zimney then worked at Wyeth, ICI (now AstraZeneca), Immunex, and Amgen in the areas of drug advertising review, drug safety surveillance, medical information, and marketing. He also worked at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for three years in the Division of Drug Marketing, Advertising, and Communications (DDMAC) as a Medical Officer and as a Branch Chief, regulating prescription drug advertising at a national level. He received his medical degree from SUNY Upstate Medical School.\nThis Site and third parties who place advertisements on this Site may collect and use information about your visits to this Site and other websites in order to provide advertisements about goods and services of interest to you. If you would like to obtain more information about these advertising practices and to make choices about online behavioral advertising, please click here.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "I am a 50 year old male, who for the last few years, seems to have violent coughing/ gasping for breathe when encountered with: stale air (eg. Closed cars) or strong odor (eg. Car exhaust). I have been tested to be allergic to dust/ dust mites. After a couple of minutes of coughing and spiting out and having a tablet of Benadryl allergy medication, things are pretty normal. The above mentioned reactions happen mostly in morning. I have tried: Zyrtec, Astelin, Flovent discus, among other medicines to no avail. Any suggestions on medicines or potential cures?", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Articles for Tag: \"Advocate Medical Group\"\nDiscover how lack of rest might lead you to partake in National Doughnut Day.\nJust because you’re aging doesn’t mean your mind has to.\nLearn how the right investments can ease the transition for new care providers and benefit patients.\nIf you knew something could reduce your risk of death by heart attack by 50 percent, would you do it?\nResearch shows a simple routine can help you shed unwanted pounds.\nIt might even give you more credibility.\nMany people are aware that they have this potentially deadly condition but don’t know how to manage it.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "WASHINGTON, DC – Alliance for Safe Biologic Medicines (ASBM) chairman, Richard Dolinar M.D., added a physician’s perspective to the ongoing discussion around the naming of biologic medicines, including biosimilars.\n“Biologics are highly sensitive to the manufacturing process and their environment; slight differences can have unexpected results,” stated Dolinar. “As a physician, patient safety is paramount. I need to know as quickly as possible when and which product is associated with an unexpected outcome in order to treat my patients effectively. Importantly, identical names imply identical products, which will not be the case when biologics are made using different manufacturing processes and/or cell lines. If distinct non-proprietary names are not given to products, we may waste valuable treatment time trying to identify which medicine was actually the root cause, and the patient will suffer.”\nDolinar stressed that unique distinguishable non-proprietary names play a central role in pharmacovigilance and traceability systems that enable clearer communication with patients, medical staff and pharmacists. A white paper authored by ASBM entitled, “It’s All About the Name: What is the Imperative of Adopting Unique Names For Biologic and Biosimilar Therapeutics?” explains how biologic medicines are different from traditional chemical drugs and present unique safety concerns.\n“Our research in the United States clearly indicates that physicians familiar with biologics know minor changes can make a big difference for sick patients,” said Dolinar. “Instituting a system of unique names for biologic medicines will achieve the common goal of enhancing access to life-changing therapies, while also protecting the safety of the patients,” Dolinar concluded.\nASBM called for the use of distinguishable names in a March 20th letter directly to Dr. Balocco Mattavelli, INN Program Manager at the WHO. Dr. Dolinar has also presented at the “Regulator Forum on Biologic Naming and Traceability” hosted by Health Canada and BIOTECanada on June 26, 2013 that Dr. Balocco attended. ASBM’s most recent statement was sent to Dr. Margaret Chang, WHO Director-General, on July 31, 2013 in advance of their upcoming 57th Consultation on International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for Pharmaceutical Substances. ASBM will also be present at that meeting to be held in Geneva on October 22, 2013.\n# # #\nAbout the Alliance for Safe Biologic Medicines:\nThe Alliance for Safe Biologic Medicines (ASBM) is an organization composed of diverse healthcare groups and individuals from patients to physicians, innovative medical biotechnology companies, and others who are working together to ensure patient safety is at the forefront of the biosimilars policy discussion.\nFor more information, please contact:\nAlliance for Safe Biologic Medicines", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Reduced pain in the back plagues Americans to the extent that 80 % will experience it at some time in their lives. It is just one of the most typical factors people go to the physician. For many, the trouble is more than a passing occurrence; they require physiotherapy.\nPhysiotherapy of different types can be made use of to deal with lesser pain in the back. Homeopathy is fast coming to be a crucial approach for the relief of such discomfort. The medical professional has the patient lie face-down and inserts the homeopathy needles across the back. The physician then completes the procedure for reduced back pain. Discomfort alleviation after a collection of therapies generally lasts months.\nMassage therapy is also utilized for lesser back pain. The massage therapy utilized should be done by a person skilled in the procedure of lower pain in the back. A massage done by an inexperienced person might do more harm in comparison to great.\nThese approaches are called static therapies, or methods. They are done to the patient and not by the patient. There are other methods that are typically made use of. Warmth and ice packs are a famous kind of static physiotherapy. They can be used independently, or they can be made use of alternately by a person that is dealing with acute lower back pain.\nA transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS) can be utilized as an additional method for lower back pain. The patient will certainly feel the experience of the stimulator instead of his discomfort. He will certainly be sent out home with one to use at his ease if the TENS unit appears to work well for him.\nUltrasound is specifically helpful as a static therapy for anybody with acute reduced pain in the back. It provides heat deep into the muscles of the lower back. This not just eases pain. It could likewise speed healing.\nBack exercises might be delegated by a physio therapist. These exercises will assist with reduced pain in the back if one does them correctly and faithfully. The only exception is if the back is in an intense disorder calling for emergency treatment or surgical procedure.\nThe exercises that will aid with reduced pain in the back the most will be appointed and monitored by a physio therapist. They might be done in the house, yet it will be essential to follow directions and check in often.\nThese exercises include ones for reduced back pain that prolong the back or stretch and ones that enhance it. One is an exercise where one hits the deck and moves as if swimming. This safeguards the back while giving the surrounding muscular tissues an exercise.\nLower back pain exercises called flexion physical exercises build up the waistline to offer support for the back. If the lesser pain in the back is reduced when one sits, these workouts are essential. One is a knee-to-chest exercise.\nAerobic exercise such as strolling is outstanding for lowering and stopping reduced back pain. Massage and homeopathy can be relied on to soothe discomfort for most clients. Physical exercises can make the back more powerful to both relieve and prevent lower back pain. Any kind of physical rehabilitation that could help alleviate lower pain in the back will certainly help millions of individuals.\nThese physical exercises will assist with reduced back pain if one does them appropriately and faithfully. These workouts feature ones for lesser back discomfort that prolong the back or extend and ones that boost it. Lesser back pain works out called flexion exercises strengthen the belly to provide assistance for the back. If the lower back pain is minimized when one rests, these workouts are crucial. Exercises could make the back more powerful to both ease and avoid reduced back discomfort.\nDescribed as the nations primary debilitating condition and the most usual chronic illness in patient over 40, joint inflammation has an effect on greater than 40 million Americans. And this figure is anticipated to rise to 60 million by 2020, according to the Facility for Condition Manage.\nJoint inflammation generally affects patient in between the ages of 20 and 50, yet can affect any ages, even little ones. The average age of onset is 47 and regarding 3 out of every 5 folks with arthritis are under 65 years old.\nArthritic expenditures for simply someone as a result of shed salaries, clinical treatment and other associated expenditures can involve greater than $150,000 in his/her life time. And physicians believe there more than ONE HUNDRED different kinds of arthritis, all sharing one major quality: all types create joint inflammation.\nExactly what can be provided for joint inflammation pain alleviation? Lots of things. For weight, example and health and nutrition are simply a number of aspects that play a role in arthritic discomfort. And yet losing even 10 pounds to relieve weight from knees and locating the appropriate nutritional method could help soothe pain a great deal.\nThere are many ways to successfully handle arthritic pain today to discover relief. Available are arthritic diet regimens, exercise programs, over the counter and prescribed medicines, relaxation and good feeling coping strategies. Also available are surgical procedures, supplements, home remedies, other and natural alternate therapies. When joint inflammation is first reckoned, it would be wise to seek a clinical viewpoint. As time and resources enable, check out the various other options.\nFor people who struggle with joint inflammations, trustworthy pain relief is an important concern. The agonizing experiences of simply walking up the stairs are discouraging and can drive patients into depression. When someone could not work appropriately, their physical body is not in balance and usually; they will certainly come to be targets of their discomfort, compeling them to look for options. These patient have usually tried conventional medications without success, they are often no eligible for surgical procedure and therefore, they will certainly view soothe via all-natural remedies.\nLots of people are also seeking all-natural treatments as a result of the raising expense of prescribed medicine. Before discontinuing a prescribed medicine, consult a physician. Nonetheless, with a physicians approval, there are numerous organic remedies, which could assist in taking care of arthritis. A preferred alternative to medicine for pain relief is acupuncture. The pain-relieving results might be temporary, these sessions could be very valuable for those which locate that supplements or medicines are inadequate or have inappropriate side results:.\nCayenne pepper Lotion - apply the cayenne serum to excruciating locations. Chili pepper have a compound called capsaicin which accountables for their spicy result. This also induces a burning sensation when it comes in contact with skin, and inhibits the physical bodies manufacturing of substance P which is heavily involved the communicating signals of pain to the brain. Use the lotion 2 to 3 times daily for at least one week just before deciding about whether the serum is assisting to lower arthritis discomfort.\nIt's easy to understand that numerous individuals experiencing discomfort and throbing in a joint since of osteoarthritis reach for the pain killers or another standard discomfort reliever. The problem is, these treatments could be tough on your belly, and they do nothing to slow down the development of your joint inflammations.\nOn the contrary, numerous organic treatments and supplements have been discovered to in fact reduce cartilage wear and tear or even rebuild a patients lost cartilage. Nonetheless, before adding any kind of to your day-to-day regimen, consult your health care expert, as supplements could create adverse reactions and may not be right for your scenario. Note that diet supplements are not controlled by the FDA (Fda); i.e. do not should be approved by them, and could include any one of the following: plants, fats, healthy proteins and animal organs and cells as well as minerals, vitamins and herbs.\nSome supplements could be great for arthritic patients; however some could not be. Note likewise that suppliers might very well advertise that their products work terrific, yet they do not have to use standard elements or recipes, reveal negative side effects that have been mentioned, nor confirm that the items are without a doubt effective. So make use of caution.\nThe most preferred nutritional supplements for joint inflammation sufferers are chondroitin, omega-3 and glucosamine. Chondroitin could attract fluid into the cartilage material, enhancing shock-absorbing capability and weight manage, as more weight equals a lot more joint stress. Fish oils aid with controlling inflammation in the physical body. And recent researches have revealed that the cartilage-building element called glucosamine is effective for the lasting relief of osteoarthritis pain.\nIn some people, glucosamine appears to also slow down the damage of joints gradually and improve joint cartilage. Whether it could actually alter the disease is still unclear. In some occasions, glucosamine can be used combined with MSM, a material that appears to reduce the degeneration however is not yet verified and authorized.\nJust what can be done for joint inflammation discomfort comfort? For patient who endure from joint inflammations, reputable pain alleviation is a crucial concern. With a doctors approval, there are several all-natural options, which could help in taking care of joint inflammations. Apply the lotion 2 to three times each day for at the very least one week before making a decision as to whether or not the serum is helping to lower arthritis discomfort.\nIt's reasonable that lots of people experiencing discomfort and throbing in a joint since of osteo arthritis reach for the aspirin or one more typical discomfort reducer.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Sen-Jam has collaborated with Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore to commence a Phase II clinical trial of the investigational therapy, SJP-002C, for the treatment of Covid-19 in Nepal.\nDiscovered by Sen-Jam Clinical Development head Jacqueline Iversen, SJP-002C is a combination of a specific non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and a specific antihistamine that can potentially disrupt runaway inflammation.\nThe investigational drug combination, with demonstrated anti-viral properties, could pre-emptively halt Covid-19 progression to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) stage, Sen-Jam, a life-science start-up, noted.\nInflammation caused by SARS affects the lungs and other organs and could cause long-lasting health issues and death.\nThe presently available therapies for SARS inflammation are corticosteroid drugs such as dexamethasone.\nIf used before the SARS appearance, these drugs were demonstrated to offer counter-productive impact and could suppress the adaptive immune response of the body.\nIntended to be used before Covid-19 patients progress to the SARS stage, SJP-002C can potentially prevent dangerous disease development, the company added.\nIversen said: “SJP-002C is a potent anti-inflammatory with minimal side effects that can be administered on day one.\n“We believe SJP-002C can be used to reduce disease progression, hospitalisation and severe lung damage.”\nUnder a joint development agreement with Duke-NUS, the Phase II trial of the combination drug is set to start in Nepal in the coming months.\nDuke-NUS Medical School researcher Ashley St. John said: “The collateral damage to the lung tissue caused by inflammation is the major obstacle to recovery from Covid-19 and so we think a targeted approach to reduce inflammation has the potential to improve health outcomes.”\nApart from the potential Covid-19 therapeutic, Iversen has also detected various other applications for small molecule combinations as treatments for several common inflammatory and pain conditions.\nSen-Jam is currently pursuing investments to advance research that could result in licensing collaborations with investors for its 24 domestic and global patents and pending patents.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Physician Introduction on Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)\nLin Chang, MD\nMore than 1 in every 4 adults in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom has one of the six functional bowel disorders. In this presentation, Dr. Lin chang will define irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), review the diagnostic approach based on the Rome Criteria, review treatment options for IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) and IBS with constipation (IBS-C), and much more.\nAbout Dr. Chang\nLin Chang, MD\nVice Chief, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases\nProgram Director, UCLA GI Fellowship Program\nCo-Director, G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience\nProfessor of Medicine\nDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA\nDr. Chang is a Professor of Medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. She is Vice-Chief of the Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA, Co-Director of the G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, and Program Director of the UCLA Gastroenterology Fellowship Program. Dr. Chang’s clinical expertise is in disorders of gut-brain interactions which include irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), chronic constipation and functional dyspepsia. Her research is focused on the pathophysiology of IBS related to stress, sex differences, genetic and epigenetic factors, neuroendocrine alterations, and gut microbiome and the treatment of IBS. Dr. Chang is a recipient of the Janssen Award in Gastroenterology for Basic or Clinical Research, AGA Distinguished Clinician Award, and AGA Distinguished Educator Award. Active in professional organizations, she is a member of the Rome Foundation Board of Directors and previously served as Clinical Research Councilor of the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Governing Board and president of the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society (ANMS).", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "⢠98 gamers out injured in January 2015 ⢠Newcastle United are the most injury susceptible team in the Premier Organization ⢠Chelsea have the fewest injuries this seasonThe Christmas period is a busy one in the Premier Organization, with some teams required to play video games with little over 48 hours rest in between them. It is a pivotal time of the year, right before the transfer home window opens, where success or failing of a season can be specified as well as teams rely on their gamers to be completely in shape and also ready for action. At the other end of the table Chelsea have a completely in shape group with no injuries, whilst Swansea have simply 1 injury. Common knee injuries In football there are a selection of knee injuries a gamer can endure which vary in their intensity. Currently players like Ameobi as well as Taylor or Newcastle, Pienaar and Gibson of Everton, as well as Hesketh and also Gallagher of Southampton are all suffering knee injuries. A spin or an over stretch can cause swelling of the joint which can be agonizing as well as finish a players match early. This is just one of the extra significant knee injuries a gamer can endure whereby the total stabilisation of the joint is endangered and there is no assistance for the knee which along with being very painful will certainly rule a gamer out for an extended duration of time. Managing knee injuries Complying with the RICE concepts following injury can minimise the damages sustained and also assistance in your overall recuperation. Rest, ice, compression and also elevation of the damaged area need to be followed immediately after an injury is incurred, with proper medical diagnosis ensuring a completely therapy programme can be followed. In any sporting activity there are limitations regarding the kind of support which you have the ability to wear on the field of play as well as football is no different with particular guidelines set out by the Football Organization and also need to be examined before any type of acquisition is made. For small injuries then a compression based knee support can be made use of to aid manage swelling which consequently can assist you continue to be energetic for longer.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Dr. Valerie Fuller DMD, MS, PC\nTransforming the smile with porcelain veneers is very simple. After a thorough consultation and examination, teeth will be prepared for veneers through the slight modification of structure. This step allows veneers to lie flush against the gums. Impressions are taken and a model of teeth is sent to the lab along with specifications for color, size, and shape. In a second visit, the teeth being treated will be etched slightly to facilitate a lasting bond and veneers will be affixed into place once they have been approved by dentist and patient.\nRead more: http://www.valeriecfullerdmd.com/porcelain-veneers/\nContact us : Contact us: (770) 977 7757\nLocal Dental Veneers in Marietta\nPost# A450320 · Marietta · Posted by:\nLocal Cosmetic Dentist in Marietta\nWelcome to the dental spa of Dr. Valerie Fuller, DMD, MS, PC, located in Marietta. We believe that a warm smile can brighten your mood and that of tho\nDental Exams For Children near Marietta\nExcellence in dentistry is achieved with well-rounded care designed around the individual. Dr. Valerie Fuller has designed her office as a welcoming e\nDental Travel Services - Thailand\nDental Travel Services is dentist and dental clinic search portal. One can find a qualified dentist and book online, worldwide. for more detail\nContact this User\nIt is NOT ok to contact this poster with commercial interests.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "You may be able to find Medicare plan options in your area that cover Baclofen, Lioresal or Gablofen. Learn more about Baclofen and find Medicare Advantage plans in your area that cover other prescription drugs.\nChemical name: Baclofen\nBrand name: Gablofen, Lioresal\nTypical dosage: 10mg\nTypical type: Tablet1\nBaclofen is a medication used to treat muscle spasms. Baclofen is available as a generic oral tablet or as a name brand drug.\nBaclofen is a medication typically used to treat muscle spasms associated with multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury. The brand name equivalents of Baclofen include Gablofen and Lioresal.\nBaclofen is taken up to 3 times daily for the most benefit. Baclofen blocks nerves in the brain that make muscles contract, which can help relax your muscles.\nCommon side effects include fatigue, insomnia, upset stomach, headache and constipation.\nHow much does Baclofen cost with Medicare?\nBaclofen coverage and costs may vary based on the specific plan you have, as well as what coverage stage you're in.\nContact your plan carrier or consult your plan formulary for more cost information.\nDoes Medicare cover Baclofen?\nAccording to GoodRx, 100% of Medicare Advantage plans and Medicare Part D plans covered Baclofen in 2023.1\nMedicare Advantage plans or Part D plans that cover Baclofen include copay amounts that can range widely from one plan to another. Plan members may also be responsible for meeting a deductible before the plan’s drug coverage kicks in.\nMedicare Advantage plans that offer prescription drug coverage are called Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug Plans (MA-PD). 89% of 2023 Medicare Advantage plans included prescription drug coverage.2\nMedicare prescription drugs plans each have their own formulary, or drug list, that details what prescription drugs are covered by the plan and how they are covered.\nDrug coverage may vary based on plan availability. You may be able to find Medicare Advantage plan options in your area that cover Baclofen. We represent carriers such as Humana, UnitedHealthcare®, Anthem Blue Cross and Blue Shield, Aetna, Cigna Healthcare, Wellcare, or Kaiser Permanente.\nJoin our email series to receive your free Medicare guide and the latest information about Medicare and Medicare Advantage.\nBy clicking \"Sign me up!” you are agreeing to receive emails from MedicareAdvantage.com.\nYou can take Baclofen with or without food. If Baclofen upsets your stomach, taking it with meals may help.\nCall your doctor if you experience dizziness, extreme confusion, fatigue or a change in how often you urinate.\nSome unsafe side effects have occurred while taking Baclofen. These side effects can happen all of a sudden. Call your doctor if you experience high fever, mental changes, increased muscle spasms or muscle stiffness.\nAvoid stopping Baclofen suddenly without first talking to your doctor.\nThis article is for informational purposes only. It is not healthcare advice, treatment, or diagnosis. It is not an endorsement of or recommendation for this medication. Speak to your doctor or healthcare provider about your specific healthcare needs, including your prescription medications. Only take medication as directed by your doctor.\nCoverage and costs of prescription medications will vary by Medicare plan. Not all plans are available in all areas.\nWritten by Hayden Gharibyar, Pharm.D.\n1 GoodRx. Baclofen. Retrieved October 2023, from www.goodrx.com/Baclofen/medicare-coverage.\nA formulary for Medicare is the list of drugs a given Medicare Part D prescription drug plan or Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug (MA-PD) plan will cover. A Medicare plan formulary details information such as how drugs are covered, their relative costs, limitations and/or restrictions. Read more", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "I'm experiencing itching and burning in the vaginal area. i took monistat, didn't clear up. no bumps or discharge. on the outer area and near labia.\nContent on HealthTap (including answers) should not be used for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and interactions on HealthTap do not create a doctor-patient relationship. Never disregard or delay professional medical advice in person because of anything on HealthTap. Call your doctor or 911 if you think you may have a medical emergency.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Newly Identified Members of FGFR1 Splice Variants Engage in Cross-talk with AXL/AKT Axis in Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2021;81(4):1001-1013.\nTargeting the epichaperome as an effective precision medicine approach in a novel PML-SYK fusion acute myeloid leukemia. NPJ Precis Oncol. 2021;5(1):44.\nBleeding, anaemia, and transfusion: an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Br J Anaesth. 2021;126(1):5-9.\nReply to Rhoads, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(10):e687.\nAutopsy Findings in 32 Patients with COVID-19: A Single-Institution Experience. Pathobiology. 2021;88(1):56-68.\nEndothelial Spns2 and ApoM Regulation of Vascular Tone and Hypertension Via Sphingosine-1-Phosphate. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(14):e021261.\nProfiling of immune dysfunction in COVID-19 patients allows early prediction of disease progression. Life Sci Alliance. 2021;4(2).\nBiomarkers for Risk Stratification in Patients With Previously Untreated Follicular Lymphoma Receiving Anti-CD20-based Biological Therapy. Am J Surg Pathol. 2021;45(3):384-393.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Diabetes and PQRS\nACP Quality Connect: Diabetes and PQRS aims to improve the care of your patients with diabetes. You can earn your 20 ABIM-approved Practice Assessment Points in3-6 months! Join this free program and you will receive:\n- Free personal coaching from ACP QI experts via conference call\n- Free 2013 reporting for diabetes measures through the PQRSwizard for Medicare reimbursement (deadline for reporting is March 13, 2014)\n- Free access to online practice management and improvement tools through the ACP Practice Advisor\n- Free access to an easy-to-use online system for data submission and creation of reports\n- An ABIM-approved practice-improvement module to earn 20 Practice Assessment points for MOC\nACP Quality Connect: Diabetes and PQRS provides physicians and their clinical teams with tools for examining their diabetes treatment process, linking them to hundreds of resources, such as webinars, articles, patient education materials, and videos, that will help improve care. ACP staff will help physicians and their teams use the resources to implement change. Staff will also guide participants in submitting for Medicare reimbursement increases and ABIM Practice Assessment points, all free of charge.\nTo enroll in this free program, email ACPQI@acponline.org with the subject line “Enroll in ACP Quality Connect: Diabetes and PQRS”.\nAlready enrolled? Login to medconcert.com\n- Enroll in the program.\n- ACP staff will assist you in the upload of your patient data (minimum of 25 patients required), which can also be used for 2013 PQRS reporting through the PQRSwizard. Data can come from either paper charts or an EHR.\n- Use the program website to identify performance gaps, link to educational resources and interventions, and develop and implement a QI plan\n- Continue uploading patient data to track progress, with at least one additional upload of data for 25 patients required.\n- Upon completion, submit through the ACP online system for 20 ABIM Practice Assessment points for MOC.\nThe ACP Quality Connect: Diabetes and PQRS QI platform and evaluation is supported through a contract with Genentech.\nFunding for the ACP Quality Connect: Diabetes and PQRS educational program is provided by an unrestricted grant from Bristol-Myers Squibb.\nMultimedia Learning Resources\nEarn CME Credits\nEarn CME Credits through attending live meetings, working online, or watching course recordings on your own schedule.\nInternal Medicine Meeting Early Registration Discount\nRegister early for Internal Medicine Meeting 2015 in Boston, MA to lock in the lowest possible rate. Learn more or register now!\nAre You Using ACP Smart Medicine®?\nThis online clinical decision support tool is a FREE benefit of ACP membership delivering point-of-care access to evidence-based recommendations. Includes more than 500 modules, images and reference tables. Start now or watch the video tour.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "7 Best Foods for Healthy Eyes\nHow to Get Healthy Eyes\nEye health is a concern for many. Our eyes are vital in our ability to navigate life and vision problems can be scary. There are steps you can take to get healthy, vibrant eyes. Do basic eye care each day, see an eye doctor once a year, and modify your diet for optimal eye health.\nCaring for Your Eyes\nWear sunglasses.Just as you protect you skin with sunscreen, your eyes also need added protection on sunny days. If you find yourself squinting or straining your eyes outside, wear sunglasses.\n- Look for sunglasses with 100% UVA or UVB protection.\n- Choose a brand you feel comfortable wearing. You'll be less likely to make the effort to slip on your sunglasses if you feel unattractive or uncomfortable in them.\n- Too much exposure to the sun can increase your risk for cataracts or macular degeneration so sunglasses are a must on bright days. If you wear contact lenses, talk to your eye doctor about getting lenses with added UVB and UVA protection.\nUse safety eyewear when necessary.If you work a job where airborne materials are a hazard, use safety goggles at all times. You should also wear eye protection during contact sports, like ice hockey, as well as helmets and other protective material that keeps your head and eyes safe from injury.\nTake breaks when working at a computer.Many people spend the bulk of their workday using a computer. If this is the case for you, you need to be conscientious about how you treat your eyes. Eye strain, marked by blurry vision and difficulty focusing, is a common problem for office workers.\n- Every 20 minutes, rest your eyes by looking at something roughly 20 feet away for about 20 seconds. Every two hours, take a 15 minute break from the computer screen. Your eyes will benefit greatly from the rest.\n- Keep your computer screen away from windows or lights, which can cause a glare. Dim your screen if the brightness strains your eyes. You should also tilt the screen so your eyes are level with the top of the monitor. Looking downward slightly when you work can take some strain away from your eyes.\n- If you work long hours in front of a computer, consider wearing sunglasses or goggles at work. This can take some of the strain away if your eyes aren't looking directly at the screen.\n- If your eyes feel dry, pause and blink for a few moments.\nTake precautions when traveling.When traveling, keep your eye health in mind. If you wear contacts, make sure to pack extras, as well as your contact case and solution. When on an airplane, the air tends to be dryer and more irritating to the eyes. Consider purchasing air drops from a local drug store to use when on an airplane.\nReplace and wash contact lenses regularly.If you wear contact lenses, make sure you care for them properly. Always wash your hands thoroughly before removing or tampering with contact lenses. Take them out overnight and let them rest in clean solution. Always place new solution in your lens case rather than using the same solution from the night before.\n- Make sure you keep track of when you need to replace your lenses. Wearing older lenses can increase your risk for an eye infection. How long you can wear your contact lenses varies depending on your brand. Some can be worn for a month while some are good for a few months. Make sure you ask your eye doctor how long you can safely wear a pair of lenses before they need replacing.\nSeeking Medical Care\nKnow your family's medical history.Many issues with eye health are hereditary. Talk to your family members and ask if you have a family history of things like glaucoma or cataracts. This information can be helpful going into an eye exam. Your doctor will know what warning signs and symptoms to check for.\n- Keep in mind medical conditions, like obesity and diabetes, can affect vision. You should know your family's medical history beyond problems with vision. This can help you figure out if you're at an increased risk for any disorders that could potentially affect your eyesight.\n- If you do have a medical history of conditions that affect vision, talk to your regular physician and eye doctor. Ask them what steps you can take to reduce your risk of inheriting these disorders.\nHave regular eye exams.You should have an eye exam each year. Even if you do not wear glasses or contacts, it's important you have your eyes checked regularly. Many common eye diseases have little warning signs. Only your eye doctor will be able to detect such conditions during an exam.\n- Get your pupils dilated during an exam. This allows your eye doctor to do a more extensive examination of your eyes to make sure they are healthy. Your eye doctor will place a few drops of liquid in your eyes, causing your pupils to increase in size. He or she will then perform an examination.\n- If you're having your pupils dilated, it might be best not to drive afterwards. An eye exam can cause your vision to be blurry or shaky for a few hours.\nTalk to your doctor about quitting smoking.If you're a smoker, you should take efforts to quit. Smoking can increase risk for several health conditions that affect your vision, like cataracts, macular degeneration, and inflammation of the eye's inner layer.\n- See your regular physician to talk about a plan to quit smoking. He or she may be able to provide you with advice or guidelines on how to cut back and eventually cut out tobacco completely. Your doctor may also be able to give you to a referral to an addiction counselor or therapist who can also help you to quit.\n- Talk to your friends and family members about how you're trying to quit smoking. Quitting smoking is incredibly difficult and to do so successfully you'll need help from others. Ask friends and family members to talk to you when you're having cravings. If you have loved ones who smoke, ask them politely to not do so in front of you.\n- You can join a support group, in person or online, to reach out to others trying to quit tobacco.\nChanging Your Diet\nEat the right fruits and vegetables.When it comes to eye health, diet makes a big impact. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables is important for overall health. Certain fruits and veggies have a particularly positive impact on eye health.\n- In terms of veggies, carrots do have health benefits for the eyes. However, there are many other vegetables you can incorporate into your diet that will also help. Go for kale, collard greens, sweet potatoes, broccoli, spinach, peas, and Swiss chard.\n- For fruits, try peaches, avocados, blueberries, honeydew melons, apricots, papayas, and grapefruit.\nGo for foods high in zinc.Zinc is an important mineral when it comes to healthy eyes. Zinc is found in many meats, such as King crab, lamb, and lean beef. It's also found in grains and whole wheat, such as fortified breakfast cereals and whole-wheat and buckwheat flours. Legumes like beans are also an excellent source of zinc.\nGet a lot of Omega-3-rich foods in your diet.Foods rich in Omega-3 fatty acids can have a positive benefit on your eyes. Seafood is often rich in these acids. Salmon, herring, tuna, rainbow trout, and sardines are good options. In terms of non-meat options, flaxseed, English walnuts, canola oil, and roasted soybeans are a good choice.\nVideo: Getting Rid of My Glasses! My Natural Eyesight Improvement Journey (See Description for Update)\nHow to Search the Internet\nVW Emissions Scandal May Cost 60 U.S. Lives, Study Claims\nHow to Transfer Files Using Teamviewer\nHow to Make a Cardboard Sword\nA Tip From a Narcoleptic: Nap Through Your Next MRI\nHow to Sight a Bow In\nWomens Health Cover Star Kate Mara Shares How She Stays Fit, Toned, and Totally Chic—Watch the Video\nGothic Romance Rules – Tu At Sainsbury’s New Midnight Collection\n10 modi per far capire a un Acquario che lo ami (senza dirglielo)\nHow to Wear a Beanie\n8 Things You Need To Know About Sense8\nHBO is pivoting away from professional boxing, 45 years after broadcasting first match\nHow to Get a Canadian Visa\nFenty X Stance Socks Collection Features Rihanna’s Most Iconic Looks\n13 Fitness Hacks For Better Results In 2019", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Carbohydrates exist as polysaccharides (such as starch), disaccharides (such as sucrose, maltose and lactose) and monosaccharides (such as galactose, glucose and fructose). Glucose absorbed from the gut is mainly derived from starch that, in Western societies, constitutes about 60% of the daily carbohydrate intake. The rest is in the form of sucrose (30%) and lactose (10%). In starch, straight chains of glucose molecules are held in amylose (approximately 20% of the total starch) whilst branched chains of glucose molecules are held in amylopectin (80% of the total starch). In the gut, these large molecules are broken down by digestion but the polarity of the hexoses sugars requires specialized transport proteins that will facilitate absorption across the hydrophobic cell membrane of the gut. There are five of these glucose transporters (GLUTs) for the absorption and uptake of glucose into cells. These have distinct tissue distributions and features.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Improved and updated arguments and resources focusing on the school vaccine mandate debate.\nFind vaccine ingredients (substances that appear in the final vaccine product), process ingredients (substances used to create the vaccine that may or may not appear in the final vaccine product), and growth mediums (the substances vaccines are grown in) for vaccines licensed for use by the Food & Drug Administration (FDA).\nOn Sep. 9, 2021, Los Angeles Unified School District, the second largest in the country, mandated the COVID-19 vaccine for students ages 12 and up by Jan. 10, 2022, the first in the country to mandate the coronavirus vaccine\nAll 50 states and DC require at least DTap, polio, chickenpox, and measles/rubella vaccines.\nThe state will only allow medical exemptions beginning with the 2022-2023 school year. Current students with religious exemptions will be allowed grandfathered religious exemptions.\nThe state will allow exemptions, but announced on Aug. 19, 2020 that the “new vaccine requirement is an important step to reduce flu-related illness and the overall impact of respiratory illness during the COVID-19 pandemic.”\nA July 2020 study of FDA-approved vaccines from Jan. 1, 1996 through Dec. 31, 2015 conducted by researchers at the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center in Israel stated “vaccines were found to be remarkably safe.”\nCOVID-19 (coronavirus) has paused many vaccine programs in low- and middle-income countries, causing the United Nations and global health experts to warn that over 100 million children could be at risk for measles.\nMaine’s ban on religious and philosophical vaccine exemptions was upheld by voters on Mar. 3, 2020 and will go into effect in Sep. 2021.\nDiscover which vaccines the CDC recommends for children from birth to age six, from age seven to 18 years old, and for adults.\nLearn about the presidential candidates’ views on important issues, compare them with a side-by-side chart, find your best match with a fun quiz, track their finances, and so much more on our 2020 Presidential Election website. The New York Times called our previous presidential election site “The most comprehensive tool for researching the candidate’s stance on issues.” Check back monthly for expanded issue coverage.\nAmid a measles outbreak in the state, New York has become the fifth state to eliminate the religious vaccine exemption, allowing only medical exemptions for public school children. All 50 states allow for medical exemptions and 15 allow for personal or philosophical exemptions.\nWith measles outbreaks in several states and schools being sued for barring unvaccinated students, the debate over vaccines for children is in the news. Explore pro and con quotes from experts such as global health professor Saad Omer, PhD (pro), US Rep. Rand Paul, MD (con), physician Kristen A. Feemster, MD (pro), and the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons (con).\nOur new topic explores the pros and cons in the debate over making birth control pills available over-the-counter (OTC). 9.1 million women (12.6% of contraceptive users) use birth control pills, which are the second-most commonly used method of contraception in the United States. Proponents say making the birth control pill available over-the-counter would lower teen pregnancy rates, provide contraceptive access to medically underserved women, and ease access to a health-improving drug with decades of safe use. Opponents say making the Pill over-the-counter would raise the cost of contraception for women, pose a danger to teens’ and women’s health by removing the doctor’s visit requirement, and limit what options are made available.\nOur new website presents the top pro & con arguments and quotes, a history of the debate, a video gallery, the prescription status of birth control pills around the world, and a list of drugs switched from prescription to OTC status.\nProCon.org, a Los Angeles-based 501(c)(3) nonprofit public charity,\nseeks an in-house Researcher (full-time with benefits or part-time\nwithout benefits) to develop content for websites devoted to a\nnonpartisan in-depth presentation of 70+ controversial issues. Three\nitems are required for application, as specified in the job notice.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "QUETTA: Provincial Health Minister Mir Naseebullah Marri has stressed the need for good health among pregnant women. He called for maintaining cleanliness in homes for having a healthy environment.\n“During pregnancy mothers should visit nearest health centres and Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) centres to get administered with injections which can be helpful to ensure a healthy future of Balochistan,” the minister said while addressing a mother and child health seminar on Saturday in Quetta’s Boy Scouts Headquarters.\nHe lauded the contribution of lady health workers (LHWs) and international donors in health services.\nMarri said the provincial government was utilising all available resources for improving the health sector but being an educated society “we have to pay more attention upon mother and child health”.\nNPI Chairman Dr Shair Ahmed Satakzai said the mother and child health week was celebrated to spread awareness among people regarding benefits of immunisation.\n“The parents should cooperate with LHWs and make sure to give their children de-worming tables twice a year to save the children from health complications,” he stressed.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "LPI integrated with Dentrix, Eaglesoft, Softdent, PracticeWorks, and 8 other practice management products. This enables them to offer dental practices an automated rewards system, eliminating any effort by team members to reward patients, and provides economies which will enable LPI to offer much lower pricing.\nLPI now connects directly into the patient and team databases of each of its clients, uploading their files and receiving fresh data on every office every night. They have (HIPAA-secure) access to each practice's appointment schedule, financial ledger, treatment plans, and other essential information which will enable dental practices to leverage the rewards to drive patient and team behavior. What does this mean in plain English?\n1. They know when every patient is scheduled, and generate e-mail communications incenting them with rewards to keep their scheduled appointment.\n2. They know when patients have confirmed their appointments, enabling LPI to provide practices a daily report focusing employees on confirming only those patients who have not yet responded.\n3. They know when patients arrive as scheduled, and their system automatically deposits rewards into those patients? accounts.\n4. They know if patients haven't been in for treatment for a year or more, and they can e-mail them (from the practice) using rewards as an incentive to encourage them to return for care (reactivation).\n5. On the patient's birthday, they can send them an e-mail from their dentist gifting them with $100 in additional rewards to celebrate the special occasion.\n6. On Valentine's Day, Mother's Day and Father's Day, and Christmas/New Year's, they can email patients (from their dentist) and deliver additional awards for savings on holiday shopping.\n7. Six times a year, LPI sends patients encouragements to recommend their friends to the practice, track their activity, and automatically reward them (where consistent with law and regulation) when they recommend a friend. They can also track how much revenue these recommendations generate for the practice.\n8. Their enhanced software now generates reports demonstrating precisely how their rewards monetize for the practice, tracking and reporting on patient behaviors and the dollars generated by those behaviors - they show each client their ROI by reporting revenue generation as rewards drive profits, comparing that revenue to their monthly rewards program subscription fee.\n9. They have now eliminated the task of manually rewarding each patient - now their rewards system is \"set and forget,\" no work required.\nPatient and team loyalty can be the key to a practice's success. This is one of the new tools many of us will be considering to convert our satisfied patients into truly loyal patients.\nRyan Schwendiman DDS, MBA, is a practicing dentist in Georgia and an advisor to Loyal Patients, Inc, a company specializing in dental practice loyalty marketing solutions. He is also a Product Evaluator for Dental Product Shopper.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The mission of Connor’s Climb Foundation is to provide suicide prevention education by raising awareness, reducing stigma, and equipping youth, educators, and the community at large with tools and resources focused on the vulnerable age group of 10-24 year-olds, to New Hampshire and bordering communities.\nhave benefitted from the SOS Signs of Suicide® program.\nhave received the SOS Signs of Suicide program and support FREE of charge.\nin NH communities have been trained on the SOS program and other aspects of suicide prevention and mental health awareness.\nGenerous Support Provided by Seacoast Public Health Network Connor’s Climb Foundation is thrilled to partner with Taking Root Education, a nature-based mindfulness education provider out", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We usually associate viruses with disease, illness and death. However, a team of health scientists in the UK have developed a virus in the laboratory which has the potential to heal cells, specifically heart tissue in humans. The first human trial is due to start soon.\nThe “virus” carries genetic material and “infects” human tissues, which prompts the heart muscle to regenerate new tissue. Currently the idea is only theoretical, but these forthcoming trials will test the idea out on living humans. The process is called gene therapy.\nThe British Heart Foundation (BHF) are very excited about this new research. The research team are spread across various institutions including Imperial College London, the Royal Brompton Hospital and is being led by Dr Alexander Lyon (Senior Lecturer in Cardiology at Imperial College London) and Professor Sian Harding (Professor of Cardiac Pharmacology at the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College).\nThese trials are tackling the issue of heart failure, which affects around 750,000 people every year in the UK. Heart failure is a severe condition which can immediately immobilise the most active of people. Many people with heart failure struggle to carry out basic tasks and find climbing stairs or walking long distances almost impossible.\nIt is hoped that this new gene therapy can repair the damage to the heart to restore a heart to its previous condition following heart failure. If it works this will mark a major breakthrough in improving long-term health of heart patients.\nThe Medical Trials\nThe trials will be applying gene therapy and assessing its effectiveness as repairing damage following heart failure. The therapy involves adding DBA directly into heart cells with the hope that they will then correct a genetic condition which causes heart cells to die.\nCurrently the only treatment for people with heart failure are drugs, but these do not restore the heart, they just help the heart to keep beating.\nThis is the first human trial of this kind in the UK and the first patients will be receiving treatment throughout May 2013. Around 200 patients are being selected by doctors for this trial. If this project is successful it will open up a whole new frontier in medical treatment. Hopefully other organs can be repaired as well – there could be cures for diabetes, kidney failure, liver disease and other degenerative diseases.\nThe research and the trials are being funded by the BHF.\nLearn more on the British Heart Foundation website: New gene therapy trial gives hope to people with heart failure, bhf.org.uk, April 30, 2013.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "How does heartbreak, grief, anger and resentment affect our health?\nThe truth is this: Our hearts and minds are deeply connected, and science now shows that the heart is a powerful organ of intelligence and emotion, deeply connected to our whole body.\nI highly recommend the upcoming free Heart Revolution summit which will be taking a deep-dive into mind-body health and medicine.\nWith all the medical advances of recent decades, why is it that heart diseases are the number one killer of women and men?\nAnger, stress, hormonal imbalances, environmental toxins and poor nutrition affect our physical heart health as well as our happiness, productivity, and our relationships.\nIn just a few days, my good friend, Razi Berry, invites you to begin a deeply personal journey with this powerful FREE online event “The Heart Revolution; How to Heal, Empower and Follow your Heart.”\nThis event is a journey to unlock the secrets of our hearts so we can live longer, healthier more fulfilled lives.\n- Someone in the US has a heart attack every 40 seconds.\n- Perhaps there is a history of heart attack in your family. Maybe someone you love suffers from high blood pressure or cholesterol.\n- Maybe you are unable to let go of resentment or suffered a childhood trauma that affects you today.\n- Perhaps a friend you care about is stuck in unhealthy relationship patterns or you are living with the pain of grief and loss.\nThis is my invitation to you to join The Heart Revolution FREE as my guest which starts February 25th.\nRegister here for access to the series, and see what more than 60 experts in the field of medicine, psychology, naturopathy, relationship studies, human consciousness and quantum science say about the heart-brain connection, and how you can live a longer life filled with more love, more joy, more happiness and better health.\nThe Heart Revolution will empower you to follow your intuition, to listen to your inner voice and to break through the barriers that keep you from your best health. You will learn emerging science not shared anywhere else that shows maybe everything we thought about heart disease was wrong!\nJoin me and REGISTER HERE for The Heart Revolution to empower, heal and follow your heart! Together we can make the world a healthier, happier place.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Full time vet to work 50% in branch and 50% in tier 3 hospital in Merseyside. Full time, no OOH required. Part time hours also considered.\nAn exciting opportunity has arisen for a small animal vet with a couple of years experience to join our client in Merseyside. You'll work half your week in their state-of-the-art tier 3 hospital, with excellent facilities including CT & MRI scanners, laparoscopic equipment and ultrasound.\nThe second half of your week, you'll run your own branch surgery. This will give you the opportunity to work your own way whilst having the clinical support and backup of the hospital and the senior experienced vets to coach and mentor you.\nYou'll work 1:4 weekends with no OOH and enjoy and excellent work/life balance.\nSalary paid is in line with your skills and experience and you'll receive 25 days holiday plus bank holidays, paid professional fees and generous CPD.\nMore information is available from Richard on 01926 356356 or email your CV or questions directly.\nMedicus is a trusted veterinary recruiter with 12 years experience helping clients recruit vets & vet nurses across the UK.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Tutor profile: Anna R.\nSubject: Health and Medicine\nAccording to USPSTF, at what age is an initial screening colonoscopy indicated for a person with no known family history of colon cancer?\n45 years old\nSubject: Study Skills\nDescribe the steps necessary to be prepared for a lecture.\nPrint out powerpoints/handouts prior to class. Scan them and be familiar with where the lecture will be taking you today. Do the assigned reading for the day ahead of the lecture. Write down questions you have after completing the reading. Review the previous lecture to remember where you left off and come with any questions you have.\nThe mitral valve is located between ___ & ____.\nA) Left atrium & left ventricle B) Right atrium & right ventricle C) Left ventricle & aorta D) Right ventricle & pulmonary artery", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "It looks like you're new here. If you want to get involved, click one of these buttons!\nQuick Start Forum Video Tutorial\nWe strongly suggest that members do not include their email addresses. Once that is published , your email address is available to anyone on the internet , including hackers.\nAll discussions and comments that contain an external URL will be automatically moved to the spam queue. No external URL pointing to a medical web site is permitted. Forum rules also indicate that you need prior moderator approval. If you are going to post an external URL, contact one of the moderators to get their approval.\nThere are no medical professionals on this forum side of the site. Therefore, no one is capable or permitted to provide any type of medical advice.\nThis includes any analysis, interpretation, or advice based on any diagnostic test\nThe main site has all the formal medical articles and videos for you to research on.\nNew Members, Please read our Forum Rules before submitting your first discussion\nDebilitating hip pain after back surgery\nSince 11/28/16, my husband has had 8 lazer surgeries on his back L4,L5,S1. He had a partial laminotomy, a partial discectomy and a partial framinotomy. He was feeling really good but @ a week ago he felt a pop and now he is having excruciating hip pain and trouble walking. Up until then he never needed to take pain medication but now the pain is so great he needs to even though they don't help much. What ever that pop was it has changed his life unless the Dr can find out what is going on. The Dr has tried steroids with out much relief. Any one have a similar experience and what helped with the pain w\\o using narcotics. TY.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "These are all supportive medicines for healthy pregnancy\n. Basically pregnancy depends on proper timing of ovulation & unprotected sex. Ovulation occurs approx 14 days before due date.\nIt is better to use ovulation prediction\nkit (OPK) to predict ovulation time and prepare for that day for unprotected sex for high chance of pregnancy.\n,take healthy diet with Vit-E & Folic acid\nsupplements,control body wt and proper sleep.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The broad, long-term objective of the proposed study is to empirically establish a theoretically grounded stress process model of the social epidemiology of excess alcohol use, abuse and dependence by analyzing data from the National Co-morbidity Survey. This same model will also control for the presence of other co-morbid disorders and their association with alcohol-related problems.\nThe specific aims are to (1) explore the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and excess alcohol use, abuse, and dependence (herein referred to as alcohol \"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"misuse\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\") by modeling mediators of the relationship conceptualized as stressors and resources;(2) assess the relationship between stressors and resources wherein one may moderate, or interactively erode or enhance, the effect of the other;(3) study the feedback effects of alcohol use over time on exposure to stressors and access to resources, which may in turn reinforce healthy alcohol consumption or exacerbate problematic alcohol behaviors;and (4) include both dimensional and categorical assessments of alcohol use and misuse. This project is related to the mission of NIH to conduct medical research that will inform efforts to prevent disease such as alcohol-related disorders by explaining their complex etiology.\nThe specific aims will be met by statistical analysis of national-level epidemiological data on psychiatric disorders including alcohol-related disorders. Measurement models of all the major components of the stress process model will be estimated with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Causal models of the stress process will be estimated with structural equation modeling (SEM). Mplus software will be employed to (1) correctly estimate standard errors to adjust for complex sampling, (2) estimate models that take into account differential probabilities of selection, (3) weight the analyses to correct for non-response and to post-stratify, (4) construct measurement models with CFA, (5) estimate causal models with mediators and moderators and longitudinal data, and (6) conduct SEM with continuous or categorical outcomes. The results will be interpreted with reference to the stress process model wherein the confluence of stressors and resources will explain the process through which low socioeconomic status results in relatively higher rates of alcohol problems. The results will have implications for specific stressors and resources that may be targeted at a population level to reduce the risk for alcohol abuse and dependence.\nThe purpose of this project is to explain the causes of alcohol misuse, including abuse and dependence, by examining socially structured patterns of exposure to stressors and access to resources over time. The misuse of alcohol is understood to occur via a process that begins with a person's position in society's social structure and flows through his or her proximate life experiences including stressors like unemployment and resources like social support which in turn affect alcohol misuse. The feedback effects of alcohol misuse on stressors and resources and continued alcohol misuse over time are also examined.\n|Elliott, Marta; Lowman, Jennifer (2015) Education, income and alcohol misuse: a stress process model. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 50:19-26|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "PRESERVING YOUR HEALTH AND FUNCTIONRequest Appointment Now\nNew Patient Forms\nPlease print out new patient forms and bring to your appointment\nIf you have a questions, please contact us\nGet your prescription refilled\nReview your health record or join a televisit\nRequest Medical Records\nHIPPA Protected Health Information release form.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Headquartered in London, Nannic UK Limited is the exclusive importer and distributor of the international skin care brand Nannic in United Kingdom.\nWith state-of-the-art skin care technology, Nannic offer solutions for every skin type. Causal treatments which maximises visible results, thanks to an in-depth knowledge of the human metabolism and the processing of highly concentrated, complex and multi-active ingredients. All our products are dermatologically tested and are suitable for sensitive skin.\nThe distinctive innovativeness of Nannic is to approach the cause of the skin problem.To accomplish this Nannic developed the 'Serum-in-Cream Technology'; products with a high concentration of multi-active substances, delivered to the hydro-lipid membrane of the skin. The different active ingredients work synergistically whereby the result is reinforced.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Speakers: Matt Higgins, Professor of Molecular Parasitology, and Simon Draper, Professor of Vaccinology and Translational Medicine\nIn this age, when an infectious disease has impacted the whole globe, it is timely to remember an infection which still kills an African child every two minutes. Every day of every month of every year. Malaria. Malaria affects hundreds of millions of people each year and kills hundreds of thousands. And the World Health Organisation estimates that deaths may double this year as health care efforts are diverted to tackling COVID. In this talk, Professor Matt Higgins and Professor Simon Draper, both Fellows of Merton, discussed the work that they are conducting to rationally design a malaria vaccine.\nWatch the lecture", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "“Another way to talk”: Photo-stories to promote safe disclosure among people with HIV\nParticipants photographed meaningful aspects of their lives with HIV; shared pictures in small group and individual discussion sessions, and; chose pictures and captions to display in clinic and community exhibits. To assess the relationship between the project and disclosure, we analyzed session transcripts and 300 photographs using theme analysis strategies.\n38 PWH in four cities in the Midwest and Northeast U.S took part in the project. Disclosure was a prominent topic in all group and individual sessions. Disclosure related images included sources of social support, HIV medicines, and symbols of disclosure emotions, among others. Data analysis revealed three categories of participant disclosures to others – fearful, reluctant, and open. The project supported all disclosure types – helping fearful participants manage their emotions, reluctant participants plan for more effective disclosures, and open participants share their HIV status.\nPilot findings suggest that photo-stories can be further developed as a safe and powerful disclosure intervention strategy to improve disclosure and subsequent health outcomes among PLH as well as help clinicians discuss disclosure with patients. The process is acceptable to PWH at all stages of their HIV experience. Processing their life experiences creatively helps PWH problem solve disclosure challenges and celebrate successes.\nLearning Areas:Diversity and culture\nImplementation of health education strategies, interventions and programs\nPublic health or related research\nSocial and behavioral sciences\nDemonstrate the importance of innovative interventions to promote safe disclosure of HIV status among people living with HIV Discuss how photo-stories are a potentially efficacious disclosure intervention Explain the implications for future disclosure interventions\nKeyword(s): HIV Interventions, HIV Risk Behavior\nQualified on the content I am responsible for because: I am the study PI. I designed, implemented, and evaluated study data.\nAny relevant financial relationships? No\nI agree to comply with the American Public Health Association Conflict of Interest and Commercial Support Guidelines, and to disclose to the participants any off-label or experimental uses of a commercial product or service discussed in my presentation.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The publication data currently available has been vetted by Vanderbilt faculty, staff, administrators and trainees. The data itself is retrieved directly from NCBI's PubMed and is automatically updated on a weekly basis to ensure accuracy and completeness.\nIf you have any questions or comments, please contact us.\nRATIONALE - The rapid induction and orchestration of new blood vessels are critical for tissue repair in response to injury, such as myocardial infarction, and for physiological angiogenic responses, such as embryonic development and exercise.\nOBJECTIVE - We aimed to identify and characterize microRNAs (miR) that regulate pathological and physiological angiogenesis.\nMETHODS AND RESULTS - We show that miR-26a regulates pathological and physiological angiogenesis by targeting endothelial cell (EC) bone morphogenic protein/SMAD1 signaling in vitro and in vivo. MiR-26a expression is increased in a model of acute myocardial infarction in mice and in human subjects with acute coronary syndromes. Ectopic expression of miR-26a markedly induced EC cycle arrest and inhibited EC migration, sprouting angiogenesis, and network tube formation in matrigel, whereas blockade of miR-26a had the opposite effects. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that miR-26a inhibits the bone morphogenic protein/SMAD1 signaling pathway in ECs by binding to the SMAD1 3'-untranslated region, an effect that decreased expression of Id1 and increased p21(WAF/CIP) and p27. In zebrafish, miR-26a overexpression inhibited formation of the caudal vein plexus, a bone morphogenic protein-responsive process, an effect rescued by ectopic SMAD1 expression. In mice, miR-26a overexpression inhibited EC SMAD1 expression and exercise-induced angiogenesis. Furthermore, systemic intravenous administration of an miR-26a inhibitor, locked nucleic acid-anti-miR-26a, increased SMAD1 expression and rapidly induced robust angiogenesis within 2 days, an effect associated with reduced myocardial infarct size and improved heart function.\nCONCLUSIONS - These findings establish miR-26a as a regulator of bone morphogenic protein/SMAD1-mediated EC angiogenic responses, and that manipulating miR-26a expression could provide a new target for rapid angiogenic therapy in ischemic disease states.\nBone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are secreted cytokines that are part of the Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) superfamily. BMPs have been shown to be highly expressed in human breast cancers, and loss of BMP signaling in mammary carcinomas has been shown to accelerate metastases. Interestingly, other work has indicated that stimulation of dermal fibroblasts with BMP can enhance secretion of pro-tumorigenic factors. Furthermore, treatment of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) derived from a mouse prostate carcinoma with BMP4 was shown to stimulate angiogenesis. We sought to determine the effect of BMP treatment on mammary fibroblasts. A large number of secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix-metallo proteases (MMPs) were found to be upregulated in response to BMP4 treatment. Fibroblasts that were stimulated with BMP4 were found to enhance mammary carcinoma cell invasion, and these effects were inhibited by a BMP receptor kinase antagonist. Treatment with BMP in turn elevated pro-tumorigenic secreted factors such as IL-6 and MMP-3. These experiments demonstrate that BMP may stimulate tumor progression within the tumor microenvironment.\nIn mouse and human neural progenitor and glioblastoma \"stem-like\" cells, we identified key targets of the Polycomb-group protein BMI1 by combining ChIP-seq with in vivo RNAi screening. We discovered that Bmi1 is important in the cellular response to the transforming growth factor-β/bone morphogenetic protein (TGF-β/BMP) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways, in part converging on the Atf3 transcriptional repressor. We show that Atf3 is a tumor-suppressor gene inactivated in human glioblastoma multiforme together with Cbx7 and a few other candidates. Acting downstream of the ER stress and BMP pathways, ATF3 binds to cell-type-specific accessible chromatin preloaded with AP1 and participates in the inhibition of critical oncogenic networks. Our data support the feasibility of combining ChIP-seq and RNAi screens in solid tumors and highlight multiple p16(INK4a)/p19(ARF)-independent functions for Bmi1 in development and cancer.\nCopyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.\nBACKGROUND - Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that negatively impacts the quality of life and is associated with numerous adverse outcomes. Excess levels of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin are thought to contribute to anemia in CKD patients by decreasing iron availability from the diet and from body stores. Adenine treatment in rats has been proposed as an animal model of anemia of CKD with high hepcidin levels that mirrors the condition in human patients.\nMETHODS - We developed a modified adenine-induced kidney disease model with a higher survival rate than previously reported models, while maintaining persistent kidney disease and anemia. We then tested whether the small molecule bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibitor LDN-193189, which was previously shown to lower hepcidin levels in rodents, mobilized iron into the plasma and improved iron-restricted erythropoiesis in this model.\nRESULTS - Adenine-treated rats exhibited increased hepatic hepcidin mRNA, decreased serum iron, increased spleen iron content, low hemoglobin (Hb) and inappropriately low erythropoietin (EPO) levels relative to the degree of anemia. LDN-193189 administration to adenine-treated rats lowered hepatic hepcidin mRNA, mobilized stored iron into plasma and increased Hb content of reticulocytes.\nCONCLUSIONS - Our data suggest that hepcidin lowering agents may provide a new therapeutic strategy to improve iron availability for erythropoiesis in CKD.\nAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and carries a significant risk of stroke and heart failure. The molecular etiologies of AF are poorly understood, leaving patients with limited therapeutic options. AF has been recognized as an inherited disease in almost 30% of patient cases. However, few genetic loci have been identified and the mechanisms linking genetic variants to AF susceptibility remain unclear. By sequencing 193 probands with lone AF, we identified a Q76E variant within the coding sequence of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist gremlin-2 (GREM2) that increases its inhibitory activity. Functional modeling in zebrafish revealed that, through regulation of BMP signaling, GREM2 is required for cardiac laterality and atrial differentiation during embryonic development. GREM2 overactivity results in slower cardiac contraction rates in zebrafish, and induction of previously identified AF candidate genes encoding connexin-40, sarcolipin and atrial natriuretic peptide in differentiated mouse embryonic stem cells. By live heart imaging in zebrafish overexpressing wild-type or variant GREM2, we found abnormal contraction velocity specifically in atrial cardiomyocytes. These results implicate, for the first time, regulators of BMP signaling in human AF, providing mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of the disease and identifying potential new therapeutic targets.\nJuvenile ischemic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (IOFH) is one of the most serious hip conditions causing the femoral head deformity. Little is known about BMP signaling following ischemic osteonecrosis. In this study, we found acute BMP2 upregulation in the femoral head cartilage 24h after ischemic induction using our immature pig IOFH model. Similarly, in our ischemic osteonecrosis mouse model, BMP2 expression and BMP signaling were enhanced in the articular cartilage surrounding the necrotic bone. BMP2 was increased in cartilage explants and primary chondrocytes under hypoxia (1% O(2)) compared with normoxia (21% O(2)). Addition of the hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1) activator DFO significantly increased BMP2 while HIF1 silencing (siHIF1) only partially reduced BMP2, suggesting other mechanisms of BMP2 upregulation being present. Hypoxia is known to induce the production of free oxygen radicals, which are converted to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) by superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). As an alternative mechanism, we investigated the effect of H(2)O(2)/SOD2 production on BMP2 upregulation. Chondrocytes produced more H(2)O(2) under hypoxia than normoxia. H(2)O(2) addition to the chondrocyte culture also significantly increased BMP2 expression. SOD2 was also dramatically increased in the ischemic pig cartilage at 24h following surgery and in primary chondrocytes/cartilage explants culture under hypoxia. SOD2 protein addition to the chondrocyte culture significantly increased BMP2. Moreover, DFO significantly increased SOD2 while HIF1 silencing only partially reduced SOD2. These results suggest that the acute BMP2 response of chondrocytes to ischemic osteonecrosis is more dominantly through the H(2)O(2) production and only partly through the HIF1 pathway.\nCopyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.\nA Drosophila transgenic RNAi screen targeting the glycan genome, including all N/O/GAG-glycan biosynthesis/modification enzymes and glycan-binding lectins, was conducted to discover novel glycan functions in synaptogenesis. As proof-of-product, we characterized functionally paired heparan sulfate (HS) 6-O-sulfotransferase (hs6st) and sulfatase (sulf1), which bidirectionally control HS proteoglycan (HSPG) sulfation. RNAi knockdown of hs6st and sulf1 causes opposite effects on functional synapse development, with decreased (hs6st) and increased (sulf1) neurotransmission strength confirmed in null mutants. HSPG co-receptors for WNT and BMP intercellular signaling, Dally-like Protein and Syndecan, are differentially misregulated in the synaptomatrix of these mutants. Consistently, hs6st and sulf1 nulls differentially elevate both WNT (Wingless; Wg) and BMP (Glass Bottom Boat; Gbb) ligand abundance in the synaptomatrix. Anterograde Wg signaling via Wg receptor dFrizzled2 C-terminus nuclear import and retrograde Gbb signaling via synaptic MAD phosphorylation and nuclear import are differentially activated in hs6st and sulf1 mutants. Consequently, transcriptional control of presynaptic glutamate release machinery and postsynaptic glutamate receptors is bidirectionally altered in hs6st and sulf1 mutants, explaining the bidirectional change in synaptic functional strength. Genetic correction of the altered WNT/BMP signaling restores normal synaptic development in both mutant conditions, proving that altered trans-synaptic signaling causes functional differentiation defects.\nDespite reports of sex steroid receptor and COX2 expression in desmoid-type fibromatosis, responses to single agent therapy with anti-estrogens and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are unpredictable. Perhaps combination pharmacotherapy might be more effective in desmoid tumors that co-express these targets. Clearly, further understanding of the signaling pathways deregulated in desmoid tumors is essential for the development of targeted molecular therapy. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are important regulators of fibroblast proliferation and matrix deposition, but little is known about the TGFβ superfamily in fibromatosis. A tissue microarray representing 27 desmoid tumors was constructed; 14 samples of healing scar and six samples of normal fibrous tissue were included for comparison. Expression of selected receptors and activated downstream transcription factors of TGFβ family signaling pathways, β-catenin, sex steroid hormone receptors and COX2 were assessed using immunohistochemistry; patterns of co-expression were explored via correlational statistical analyses. In addition to β-catenin, immunoreactivity for phosphorylated SMAD2/3 (indicative of active TGFβ signaling) and COX2 was significantly increased in desmoid tumors compared with healing scar and quiescent fibrous tissue. Low levels of phosphorylated SMAD1/5/8 were detected in only a minority of cases. Transforming growth factor-β receptor type 1 and androgen receptor were expressed in both desmoid tumors and scar, but not in fibrous tissue. Estrogen receptor-β was present in all cases studied. Transforming growth factor-β signaling appears to be activated in desmoid-type fibromatosis and phosphorylated SMAD2/3 and COX2 immunoreactivity might be of diagnostic utility in these tumors. Given the frequency of androgen receptor, estrogen receptor-β and COX2 co-expression in desmoid tumors, further assessment of the efficacy of combination pharmacotherapy using hormonal agonists/antagonists together with COX2 inhibitors should be considered.\n© 2012 Japanese Cancer Association.\nExtracellular signals in development, physiology, homeostasis and disease often act by regulating transcription. Herein we describe a general method and specific resources for determining where and when such signaling occurs in live animals and for systematically comparing the timing and extent of different signals in different cellular contexts. We used recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) to test the effect of successively deleting conserved genomic regions of the ubiquitously active Rosa26 promoter and substituting the deleted regions for regulatory sequences that respond to diverse extracellular signals. We thereby created an allelic series of embryonic stem cells and mice, each containing a signal-responsive sentinel with different fluorescent reporters that respond with sensitivity and specificity to retinoic acids, bone morphogenic proteins, activin A, Wnts or Notch, and that can be adapted to any pathway that acts via DNA elements.\nRecent successes in deriving human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) allow for the possibility of studying human neurons derived from patients with neurological diseases. Concomitant inhibition of the BMP and TGF-β1 branches of the TGF-β signaling pathways by the endogenous antagonist, Noggin, and the small molecule SB431542, respectively, induces efficient neuralization of hiPSCs, a method known as dual-SMAD inhibition. The use of small molecule inhibitors instead of their endogenous counterparts has several advantages including lower cost, consistent activity, and the maintenance of xeno-free culture conditions. We tested the efficacy of DMH1, a highly selective small molecule BMP-inhibitor for its potential to replace Noggin in the neuralization of hiPSCs. We compare Noggin and DMH1-induced neuralization of hiPSCs by measuring protein and mRNA levels of pluripotency and neural precursor markers over a period of seven days. The regulation of five of the six markers assessed was indistinguishable in the presence of concentrations of Noggin or DMH1 that have been shown to effectively inhibit BMP signaling in other systems. We observed that by varying the DMH1 or Noggin concentration, we could selectively modulate the number of SOX1 expressing cells, whereas PAX6, another neural precursor marker, remained the same. The level and timing of SOX1 expression have been shown to affect neural induction as well as neural lineage. Our observations, therefore, suggest that BMP-inhibitor concentrations need to be carefully monitored to ensure appropriate expression levels of all transcription factors necessary for the induction of a particular neuronal lineage. We further demonstrate that DMH1-induced neural progenitors can be differentiated into β3-tubulin expressing neurons, a subset of which also express tyrosine hydroxylase. Thus, the combined use of DMH1, a highly specific BMP-pathway inhibitor, and SB431542, a TGF-β1-pathway specific inhibitor, provides us with the tools to independently regulate these two pathways through the exclusive use of small molecule inhibitors.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Living with diabetes may be challenging, but you don't have to go it alone. UnityPoint Health is committed to helping you live well with diabetes by providing coordinated care through education, coaching and support.\nImportance of Diabetes Education\nDiabetes Education helps people with or at risk for diabetes gain the skills and knowledge needed to change their behavior and successfully manage diabetes and its related conditions. With so much misinformation available about how to manage diabetes, it is important to partner with an expert to help you navigate the disease.\nThat is why our diabetes educators will team with you, your support caregiver and your provider to optimize your diabetes control while in our care. To meet your needs, Diabetes Education is provided through group classes or individual sessions.\n7 Behavior Changes to Improve Quality of Life\nPeople with diabetes or prediabetes can often improve their quality of life by changing their behavior. The American Association of Diabetes Educators points to these seven key self-care behaviors:\n- Being active\n- Taking medication\n- Problem solving\n- Healthy coping\n- Reducing risks\nYour healthcare team will help you learn what to do to live well with Diabetes. Your team members include your doctor, nurse, care coordinator, social worker, dietitian and pharmacist. Your team members may also include nurses and Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialists (CDCES); these team members have experience educating people with diabetes and have passed an examination to become certified. They work with you as your teacher, coach and counselor.\nCare at Home\nHome care nurses work with patients to develop a plan for diabetes management that allows for a healthier and more fulfilling life. UnityPoint at Home serves as an extension of your healthcare team in your home. Home care helps patients like you:\nCoordinate care with your provider and care team\n- Reach your health goals with care centered on you\n- Review your medications and help you understand how to take them\n- Understand how to manage your diet, medications and exercise\n- Avoid hospitalizations and emergency room visits\n- More easily access wound nurse experts for diabetic foot and wound issues\n- Monitor and manage symptoms\nTypes of Diabetes\nPrediabetes is diagnosed when blood sugar is higher than normal but not high enough to diagnose Diabetes. Type 2 diabetes may be prevented or delayed with lifestyle changes. The prediabetes class focuses on healthy eating and being active.\nFasting blood sugar:\nLearn more about prediabetes in our Diabetes Health Library.\n- Normal: less than 100\n- Pre-diabetes: 100-125\nType 1 Diabetes\nType 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood but can occur in adults. With Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not make insulin -- a hormone needed to turn starches, sugars and other food into energy the body can use. People cannot live without insulin.\nType 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. The immune system attacks the pancreas and kills the cells that make insulin.\nType 1 diabetes is treated with healthy eating, physical activity and insulin. A person with Type 1 diabetes must take insulin every day.\nLearn more about Type 1 diabetes in our Diabetes Health Library.\nType 2 Diabetes\nType 2 diabetes is diagnosed when:\n- Fasting blood sugar is 126 or higher\n- Glucose tolerance test is 200 or higher\n- A1c is 6.5 percent or higher. (The A1c is a blood test that measures your average blood sugar over about three months.)\nIf you have Type 2 diabetes, your body doesn't use insulin correctly. This is called insulin resistance. Over time, your pancreas can't make enough insulin to overcome the insulin resistance and blood sugar gets too high.\nType 2 diabetes is life-long. There is no cure, but there are things you can do to control your blood sugar. Keeping blood sugar in a healthy range will help prevent, reduce or delay other health problems caused by diabetes.\nType 2 diabetes is caused by having family members with Type 2 diabetes, being overweight, being physically inactive, being a member of certain ethnic groups (African-American, Latin-American, Native American, Asian, Native Alaskan, Native Pacific Islander) or for no reason at all. Type 2 diabetes is most commonly found in adults, but children may also be diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes.\nType 2 diabetes is treated with healthy eating, physical activity and oftentimes insulin.\nLearn more about Type 2 diabetes in our Diabetes Health Library.\nGestational diabetes is a form of Type 2 diabetes, and it may begin between the 24th and 28th week of pregnancy. All women become resistant to the action of insulin late in pregnancy. Women who have gestational diabetes are not able to produce enough insulin to overcome the insulin resistance and blood sugar goes too high. If blood sugar is too high during pregnancy, it can cause several problems:\n- Large baby and difficult delivery with risk of injury to mother or baby\n- Premature birth and under-developed lungs or liver if baby gets too big\n- Low blood sugar in the baby after birth\nIncreased risk for childhood obesity and Type 2 diabetes as an adult\nGestational diabetes is treated with healthy eating, physical activity and sometimes medicine, including insulin.\nLearn more about gestational diabetes in our Diabetes Health Library.\nAdvanced Treatment Options\nInsulin Pump Therapy\nAn insulin pump continuously delivers fast-acting insulin in the fat tissue beneath the skin. People with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes may use an insulin pump. The insulin is delivered through a small tube under the skin.\nBenefits of pumping insulin:\n- Delivers insulin to mimic the human pancreas as closely as possible\n- The background insulin delivery rate can be adjusted throughout the day\n- Fewer pokes through the skin\n- Flexible dosing for differing lifestyles\nDrawbacks of pumping insulin:\n- Pump is attached to you nearly all the time\n- If insulin delivery stops, you may become very ill\n- It takes time and patience to learn how to effectively use pump\n- Pumping can be expensive\nGet help comparing your options in our Diabetes Health Library.\nContinuous Glucose Monitors\nContinuous glucose monitors (sensors) detect the sugar in the fluid between your body cells (interstitial fluid) instead of in the blood. Sugar is detected continuously and reported to the receiver frequently. The main benefit of using a sensor is that it tells your current reading as well as if sugar is going up or down and how fast. If you know the direction of your sugar, you can take action to prevent a low or severe high.\nThe sugar reading is sent to a receiver. Some sensors use an insulin pump as the receiver while other sensors come with a separate receiver. You don't have to use an insulin pump to use a sensor, but if you use a sensor, you still must check your blood sugar by finger-stick for any decisions about your insulin dose, if you feel low, and to calibrate the sensor.\nDiabetes Information and Resources\nThere are several online resources for patients managing diabetes and their families. Below are some resources that may be helpful:\nType 1 Diabetes\nType 1 or Type 2 Diabetes\nThese instructions are for general information. Please consult your doctor or diabetes educator for your personal instructions.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Georgia Chapter, American Academy of Pediatrics\nGeorgia Chapter, American Academy of Pediatrics The AAP is comprised of over 53,000 general pediatricians and pediatric medical and surgical sub-specialists. There are approximately 1,400 members in the Georgia Chapter. The Chapter is governed by its 25-member board of directors. The mission of the Georgia Chapter is: 1.) To improve the health and welfare of all infants, children, adolescents and young adults in the State of Georgia; and, 2.) To unite qualified pediatricians of the state into a representative organization for the advancement of the practice of pediatrics.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Have you eaten Quorn / Mycoprotein recently and experienced side effects such as nausea and vomiting? You aren't alone. Many hundreds of people experience the same side effects. Read on to find out what Quorn is really made from and read about other people's experiences after eating it.\nYour arteries are the rivers within you that continually transport essential nutrients and oxygen from your heart to the rest of your body. A big part of staying healthy and keeping your arteries clean is your diet. After all, as they say, you are...\nJambul, Java Plum, Black Plum, and Indian blackberry are some of the names for the Jamun tree and its fruit. It's well known for its benefit in diabetes. Here is more information about it...\nTomato craving (tomatophagia) may be tied to iron deficiency (anemia) and perhaps deficiencies of other minerals and vitamins. But is it possible to overdose on tomatoes?\nOranges and Orange juice are a powerhouse of Vitamin C (next only to Amla, the Indian Gooseberries) with a plethora of health benefits. Read on to find more...\nThis article explains how to get bigger and stronger by using the workout that Arnold Schwarzenegger used when he started lifting weights. Read this to learn how to pack on muscle and gain bodyweight.\nInformation about vitamins. Includes the benefits of vitamins, types of vitamins: A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, C, D, E and vitamin K. See the main foods that contain these vitamins\nCarrot is a superfood, a super veggie. Want to know more? Here are eight research-based health facts about carrots to prove my point. Read, relax, and eat carrots.\nSuper grains - 9 super-food grains and pseudograins to include in your diet for health benefits including vitamins and antioxidants to reduce inflammation and strengthen the immune system\nA list of some of the best protein substitutes for meat, a short list of how many grams of protein are in some substitutes, a list of what complimentary proteins to combine in order to make a complete protein, and a list of how many grams of protein people need every day according to their age.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Chia seeds’ capacity to reverse inflammation, control cholesterol and decrease hypertension ensure it is really beneficial to take in for coronary heart well being. (19) Also, by reversing oxidative anxiety, a person is not as likely to develop atherosclerosis when they’re often consuming chia seeds.\nThe examine split these volunteers into three groups: curcumin procedure by itself, diclofenac sodium on your own, and a mix of the two. The outcome from the demo were being eye-opening:\nIt is crucial to recognize that even in wholesome people today without having fundamental healthcare disorders, there is often the chance linked to any medication. Some great benefits of getting an anti-inflammatory medication have to be well balanced with the possible hazards of using the medication.\nThe outer layer of peppercorn helps in the breakdown of Unwanted fat cells. Consequently, peppery foods are a good way that can assist you lose excess weight By natural means.\nMost NSAIDs inhibit the clotting of blood for only some several hours. Ketorolac (Toradol) is an extremely powerful NSAID and it is used for reasonably critical acute pain that typically needs narcotics.\nInflammation for a bodily purpose will not be always a foul issue. When the human body is wounded or ill, the lymphatic (immune) system springs into action, bringing the immune method’s army of white blood cells to the realm of issue by using amplified blood flow.\nI’m perplexed about curcumin and turmeric. I provide the perception that curcumin, not turmeric, continues to be researched and which you could’t Cook dinner with curcumin, but you can find it as being a complement that costs about the same as turmeric supplements. If you’re likely to complement, which would you great site recommend, turmeric or curcumin? And why?\nThe anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin have also been researched as a doable procedure for Alzheimer’s ailment.\nPeople with a significant allergy to at least one NSAID are likely to knowledge an identical response to another NSAID.\nMigraine headache is a variety of headache by which the exact trigger isn't acknowledged; having said that, They might be inherited, and selected...\nIn India and Pakistan, black peppercorn powder blended with salt, plus the combination is a common merchandise found around the\nDr. Josh Axe is over a mission to supply you and your family members with the highest high-quality nutrition tips and balanced recipes on earth...Enroll to acquire VIP access to his eBooks and beneficial weekly well being strategies for Free of charge!\nLast but not least, establishing a daily regimen of Actual physical action can assist avoid systemic inflammation from build up or returning.\nA dry socket is a potential complication which can occur any time a blood clot during the gums results in being dislodged after a tooth extraction....", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "One of the countless blood draws that Calvin has had to endure because of his epilepsy.\nIf you cannot view the video go to: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHXbw0W5QS4\nPlease share Calvin's story and help bring us one step closer to a cure for epilepsy.\nGive to cure epilepsy: http://www.calvinscure.com\nPost a Comment", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "PROVIDENCE— Lt. Gov. Elizabeth Roberts today issued the following statement on President Bush’s veto of the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2007, legislation that would have eased the current federal restrictions on stem cell research.\n“I am deeply disappointed at President Bush’s decision to veto the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act, a piece of legislation that had strong bipartisan support in Congress and would have given hope to millions of Americans who suffer from the most debilitating and life-threatening diseases of our time. By expanding access to embryonic stem cell lines and imposing strict ethical guidelines for conducting stem cell research, this critical legislation would have loosened the reins on our country’s most brilliant scientific minds to pursue life-changing medical therapies and cures.\n“I believe strongly that the potential human and economic benefits of stem cell research for Americans are too great to be ignored. As a nation, we stand at the threshold of incredible advances in medicine, and as the leader of our country, President Bush is making a grave mistake in turning his back on these scientific advancements and breakthroughs.”\nIn April, Lt. Gov. Roberts released a report that called on Rhode Island to take immediate action to define what form stem cell research should take in the state. Roberts’ report, entitled “Discovering Rhode Island’s Stem Cell Future: Charting the Course Toward Health and Prosperity” is available electronically on Roberts’ website at www.ltgov.ri.gov.\nIn the coming months, Roberts plans on working closely with the House Regenerative Medicine and Research Advisory Study Commission, scientists, researchers, doctors, members of the business community, faculty from Rhode Island’s colleges and universities and concerned members of the public to form answers to these essential policy questions, undertake a thoughtful and deliberate discussion of stem cell research and regenerative medicine, and develop a blueprint for action.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "5-A. Were the Intermediary's adjustments to the Provider's bed count as used for purposes of the indirect medical education\n(IME) calculation proper?;\n5-B. In calculating the Provider's bed count as used for purposes of IME calculation, should there have been a reduction\nfor beds used for observation purposes?;\n5-C. For purposes of the Provider's intern and resident count for IME, was the Intermediary correct in disallowing research\nrotations for residents participating in an approved medical residency program at the Provider?", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Women Centered Care\nAround the world-in both industrialized and low- and middle-income countries- too many women who give birth in health facilities face undignified conditions, a lack of services and resources, and poor quality of care. Health care worker performance is often hindered by sub-optimal care environments, including poor infrastructure, limited supplies, heavy workloads and insufficient support.\nDid you know?\nNearly one-quarter of all maternal deaths are associated with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) globally\nThe Implementation Science Collaborative (ISC) is an unincorporated partnership under development with the support of USAID’s Health Evaluation and Applied Research Development (HEARD) Project and its implementing partners.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "GIFT IVF Center, Cochin, India\nReceived Date: September 06, 2017; Accepted Date: September 11, 2017; Published Date: September 14, 2017\nCitation: Mani A (2017) A Case Report of Severe Anemia in a North Indian Surrogate Mother. J Gen Pract (Los Angel) 5:326. doi: 10.4172/2329-9126.1000326\nCopyright: © 2017 Mani A. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.\nVisit for more related articles at Journal of General Practice\nRecently, our unit tackled a case of severe anemia in a surrogate mother during the third trimester of a twin pregnancy. Her hemoglobin was just 5 g/dl, whereas the normal range should ideally be within the range of 12 g/dl to 14 g/dl. Due to timely intervention, we managed to avoid complications. However, it is important to discuss this case, as it is found that in the Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) centers worldwide, multiple embryo transfers is preferred over single embryo transfers, which often result in higher morbidity and mortality in mothers and infants.\nIron deficiency anemia; Surrogate mothers; Pregnancy third trimester; Maternal death; Twin pregnancy; High risk pregnancy; HELLP Syndrome; Maternal mortality; Haemoglobinopathies; Embryo transfer; Malnutrition; Vitamin B12\nAnemia is a medical condition characterized by low hemoglobin (Hb). It is very important to recognize and treat this condition in pregnancy, as both mother and fetus gets affected due to the low availability of oxygen, which is necessary for the metabolism. Pregnant women fall under high risk as there can be loss of blood during miscarriage or delivery, which compromises the health of the mother leading to morbidity and mortality.Types of Anemia in Pregnancy\n• Nutritional Anemia: Deficiency of iron, folic acid, vitamin B12 and proteins causes Anemia.\n• Hereditary Anemia: Hemoglobinopathies like sickle less anemia, thalassemia and many other genetic conditions.\n• Hemolytic Anemia: These are less common and due to increase in breakdown of RBC- ex : HELLP Syndrome\nPrevalence in India\nAs per WHO (World Health Organization) figures, anemia in pregnancy is high in India at 65-75% compared with 51% in developing countries and 14% in developed countries . Reportedly, around 2 billion people amounting to one third of global population are anemic . Indian maternal deaths contribute to 80% of deaths from anemia in South Asia .\nStudies conducted in India\nSeveral surveys have been conducted in different parts of India on anemia. National Family Health Survey (NFHS) [4,5], District level household survey (DLHS) , Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), micronutrient survey by National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau (NNMB) are some of them. These studies have indicated that anemia is not restricted to poor or underprivileged people and is high even among rich and educated groups . They have found that the most common cause for anemia is low intake of iron and folic acid in the Indian diet. The fiber intake along with high phytates in the diet also reduced the absorption of Iron. The third reason is worm infestation, causing small amount of blood loss over long periods and also infections like malaria [7,8].\nThere are stages of Anemia where the women can go through compensated anemia, decompensated anemia and the circulatory failure which occurs at Hb levels less than 5.0 g/dl. When HB is very low, anaerobic metabolism occurs due to low oxygen resulting in the increase of Lactic acid. If this is not managed on time then pulmonary edema and death can happen. Cardiac failure can happen in around one third of cases when Hb is less than 5 g/d . Delivery poses real threat to these women, as even a minimal loss of 200 ml of blood can result in circulatory failure. Proper treatment of severe anemia can help to save mothers life and it is important that, blood transfusion and iron injections are readily available, for a good obstetric practice.\nMode of Iron treatment\nOral iron preparations have not shown to help in moderate/severe anemia . Parenteral Iron preparations must be available at community health centres and primary health centres to improve the situation. Blood transfusion is the most important step in improving severe anemia.\nA healthy surrogate mother underwent embryo transfer with two day 3 embryros after priming and lutical support. During the screening process, her Hb was noted to be 9 g/dl and she was prescribed Iron tablets as per usual practice. She conceived and twin pregnancy was confirmed in an early pregnancy scan. Routine medications were given along with luteal support. The surrogate mother wanted to return to her village in North India, so she was discharged at 8 weeks of pregnancy, until this time, she was hospitalized due to vomiting.\nThe surrogate mother had routine antenatal case and all her checkups and scans were normal till sixth month. Low Hb of 8 g/dl was noted after the screening at 24 weeks. Although, she was advised to get admitted, she refused and returned home along with Iron, folic acid, vitamin B complex and protein supplements. She suffered from vomiting, in spite of administering antiemetics and she was reluctant to take iron tablets as she suffered from constipation and gastritis. She was reluctant to come for check-ups and often the coordinator had to call multiple times to request her to come for check-up. At the 30th week, she was noted to have very low Hb of 5.5 g/dl which indicated severe anemia. Surprisingly, even after repeated questioning, she did not admit to any medical symptoms, not even tiredness or dizziness. The growths of both the fetus were seen to be normal on scan.\nShe was recognized as high risk pregnancy, was admitted and all investigations were done to evaluate the cause of anemia. Peripheral smear showed microcytic hypo chromic anemia, the serum ferritin was 8.49 ng/ml, which is much below the normal levels. Her serum albumin levels were below normal and the stool was negative for occult blood. Deworming was done with albendazole. Parenteral Iron Infusions were started as slow infusion of Iron Sucrose injection (has elemental iron of 20 mg). After 2 days she was noted to have mild jaundice and her Bilirubin was marginally raised to 1.2 mg/dl, indirect Bilirubin 0.67 mg/dl. Her blood tests for Hb electrophoresis were still pending. Her Hb levels were not improving, so blood transfusion was started. Along with that other infusions like I.V. Vitamin B Complex and I.V. Amino acids were also started. Hoping that it is only a case of severe Iron deficiency anemia and no other Haemoglobinopathies are present, she was treated. Cardiotocography (CTG) was done daily to assess the wellbeing of both the fetus. Blood screening with Hb electrophoresis came back as normal. She was transfused with 4 units of blood and her Hb came up to 9.7 gm/dl after 1 week. Her Liver function tests were conducted daily and stayed the same.\nWhen I am writing this article she is ready to go home after her Caesarian section and her Hb is 10.5 g/dl and her LFT is normal. The two healthy babies were handed over to the biological parents.\nAnalysis of the case\nAlthough she was paid on a monthly basis for good food and other expenses, we suspect that she was not taking care of her diet. The prolonged duration of vomiting, could have added to the malnourishment. The compliance with Iron tablets, vitamin tablets and protein is highly doubtful. The biggest iatrogenic contributor is the twin pregnancy due to transfer of 2 embryos, which could have been avoided. As surrogate mothers are given the choice of staying at hospital or their house, it is difficult to ensure compliance with medicine and diet. In comparison with the other surrogate mothers who opted to return to their own homes during pregnancy term, this was an isolated case.\nAs mentioned before, the prevalence of Anemia is very high in India and is a major contributing factor for maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This should be addressed by the government and steps should be taken to eradicate this condition by fortification of food, by providing free supplement to pubertal girls and pregnant and lactating mothers. Educating rural and urban women about appropriate diet and spacing of pregnancies will definitely make a positive impact. As the hook worm infestation is high in India, Government should take steps to bring about a policy to deworm every pregnant woman like the polio eradication program. This will be efficacious, practically possible, cheap and prevent many fatalities of pregnant women and infants. More studies should be conducted in rural areas to identify the real magnitude of this problem, as it appears to be just a tip of the iceberg.\nA proper national regulatory body to control the Assisted Reproduction Technology (ART) like the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (HFEA) in UK will ensure that multiple pregnancies are minimized. The current practices of gynecologists transferring multiple embryos (even 5 or 6 embryos) are definitely contributing to the existing problem of anemia. There are plenty of conferences happening in medical field, but they are mostly teaching about new technologies and new medicines. It is high time that we realize that basics are more important in saving lives and we should have more studies and lectures on simple problems like anemia, which is easily preventable.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "PC Game Modding Community\ntycoon, wildlife, park, hearts, iron, rollercoaster, europa, universalis, civilization, victoria, crusader, kings, jurassic, space, empires, galactic, #civilizations, simcity, caesar\nThe future begins now. You can lead a civilization through the millennia, through hardships and challenges, to rise through the stars.\nrise, #civilizations, future, begins, lead, civilization, through, millennia, hardships, challenges, stars\nThis group is solely for Men of Trans experience (FTM, MTM, etc) who are actively seeking surgery from Dr. Crane, Dr. Satterwhite, and Dr. Chen.\nbrownstein&crane, surgical, patient, group, #solely, trans, experience, (ftm, etc), actively, seeking, surgery, crane, satterwhite", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Transportation aide jobs in Portland\nEarn $17.94 to $23.90 an hour supporting patient care at Oregon’s only academic health center. You may qualify for a $3,000 hiring bonus. As a transportation aide, you will:\n- Transport patients, equipment, lab specimens and other items in OHSU care settings.\n- Support doctors and nurses in providing high-quality care.\n- Depending on the job, qualify for a generous benefits package.\n- Make a real difference in the lives of patients and families.\nApply for a hospital transportation job at OHSU\nWhy join OHSU as a transportation aide?\nOHSU is Oregon’s only public academic health center. In addition to caring for patients, we lead groundbreaking research. We also train the next generation of health care professionals.\n- The full-time or part-time schedule that works for you.\n- A chance to be on the front lines of health care, bringing compassion and dedication directly to patients and families.\n- Opportunities for career advancement.\n- A welcoming environment with leaders striving to build an anti-racist, multicultural institution.\n- Support and resources for people of all ages, ethnicities, genders, national origins, religions and sexual orientations.\n- Wellness programs to support your physical, emotional and financial health.\nMany roles come with a complete benefits package that includes:\n- Medical, dental and vision coverage at low or no cost to employees\n- Access to retirement plans\n- Up to 200 hours (equal to 25 full days) a year of paid time off\n- 96 hours of sick leave a year (prorated for part-time employees)\n- Eight paid holidays a year\n- Commuter subsidies\n- Tuition reimbursement\n- Access to group life insurance, disability insurance and other supplemental benefits\n- Discounts just for OHSU members\nLiving in Oregon\nOregon offers majestic landscapes, a vibrant yet easygoing vibe, and some of the best food, beer and coffee in the world. Learn about the sights, sounds and people in the state we love to call home.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Research Paper Title\nSleep duration and musculoskeletal injury incidence in physically active men and women: A study of US Army Special Operation Forces soldiers.\nIn physically demanding occupations or athletic populations, sleep has been shown to be an important factor for both performance and recovery. However, evidence is limited on sleep duration and its association with musculoskeletal injury risk in physically active populations. Therefore, the purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and musculoskeletal injury incidence in a population of physically active men and women.\nData were collected via electronic survey and analysed for 7,576 soldiers from the United States Army Special Operations Command.\nThis population was mostly men (95%) ≤ 35 years old (70%). The incidence of musculoskeletal injury was 53% over the twelve months before survey administration. After adjusting for other covariates, soldiers who slept ≤ 4 hours were 2.35 (95% CI: 1.89-2.93, p <0.01) times more likely to experience a musculoskeletal injury compared with those who slept eight ≥ 8 hours. When stratified by age (≤ 35 years, > 35 years), older men were found to have significantly higher risk of a musculoskeletal injury than their younger counterparts across all sleep duration groups.\nThese findings suggest that sleep duration may be inversely related to risk of musculoskeletal injury. It is possible that interventions targeted at sleep may have a positive impact on prevention of musculoskeletal injuries within physically active populations.\nGrier, T., Dinkeloo, E., Reynolds, M. & Jones, B.H. (2020) Sleep duration and musculoskeletal injury incidence in physically active men and women: A study of U.S. Army Special Operation Forces soldiers. Sleep Health. 6(3), pp.344-349. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.01.004. Epub 2020 Feb 13.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Arthritis is, without a doubt, a leading cause of pain and disability across the world and it is surprisingly common. A recent report estimated that approximately 24 million people in America alone suffer from severe immobility due to some form of arthritis. The term ‘arthritis’ refers to joint inflammation and encompasses over 100 joint conditions however, the most common types are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Although these two conditions have some symptomatic similarities, their underlying causes are quite different which is why it is important to gain the correct diagnosis and associated treatment.\nWhat is Osteoarthritis?\nThis form of arthritis falls into the category of degenerative or mechanical arthritis and the primary cause is damage to the cartilage on the articulating surfaces due to inflammation and wear and tear of weight-bearing joints or from a previous trauma in that area. It is more prevalent in women than men and onset is usually age-related with those over 65 most affected.\nWhat is Rheumatoid Arthritis?\nThe root cause of this type of arthritis is abnormal inflammation, usually in the feet and hands, due to an autoimmune disorder. This immune response causes the joint surfaces and tissues around the joints to become damaged causing pain, stiffness and swelling. This condition is not related to age and is also more common in women but, when found in men, it is often more severe.\nWhat is Osteoarthritis = Cartilage Loss?\nNormally joint cartilage gets constantly remodelled after joint movement but in those with osteoarthritis this function is altered resulting in abnormal joint cartilage. Over time osteoarthritis causes progressive cartilage loss and a thickening on the subchondral plate. Bony spurs can occur along the joints as well as bone cysts which are fluid-filled holes within the bone. Knees, hips, lower back and hands are common areas affected. Pain often occurs during joint usage and sometimes there is a grating or cracking sensation due to friction between bone and cartilage. Inflammation does occur around the joint tissues and also aids the cartilage degradation process but it is less severe than in those with Rheumatoid Arthritis.\nWhat is Rheumatoid Arthritis = Joint Damage?\nThe symptoms of this condition can develop gradually or suddenly and it is characterized by severe inflammation of synovium – the soft tissue that lines joints. This leads to joint damage, pain, stiffness and loss of physical function.  It is triggered by an excessive immune response in which antibodies normally deployed to fight foreign substances begin to be directed against tissues within the body. This can affect not only the joints but other organs of the body as well and associated fatigue and fever can result. The immune response causes swelling around the joint that begins to erode the bone and marrow and destroy the surrounding structures. Left untreated, the joint loses its shape and eventually becomes completely immobile and low bone density and osteoporosis can result. \nComparing the Symptoms\nThough there is an overlap in some symptoms, these signs that can assist with differentiating between osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).\n- Swelling and inflammation around the joints is usually associated with RA.\n- Pain, restricted joint mobility and joint grating is common in advanced OA.\n- OA tends to be unilateral (on one side) while RA is usually bilateral (affecting the same joint on both sides of the body).\n- Generally, RA affects multiple joints while OA is experienced in only a few sites.\n- Morning stiffness can be an indicator as it is much more prolonged in those with RA – sometimes over an hour in duration.\n- Joint movement may bring on OA pain while moving the painful joint may relieve RA stiffness.\n- RA patients tend to have other symptoms including tiredness, depression, loss of appetite, weight loss, anaemia, dry eyes and occasional low-grade fever. However, it is important note that these may be caused by other simultaneous conditions. \nDiagnosis of a specific type of arthritis is not a simple task and if the above symptoms are experienced it is important to get a thorough assessment from a medical professional. Pinpointing and treating arthritis early are critical to minimizing the impact of the disease in order to prolong ease of movement and decrease the need for surgery. Unfortunately, arthritis is currently considered incurable but these conditions can be controlled through a treatment plan that focuses on relieving pain, reducing inflammation and slowing joint damage for improved quality of life.\nRheumaLin is your natural anti-inflammatory solution to combat joint pain and it is gentle on the stomach, making it ideal for the treatment of many types of arthritis. Find out more\nHow severe is your joint pain? Find out with our FREE Pain Scale\n- Kori A. Dewing, DNP, FNP, ARNP; Stephen M. Setter, PharmD, DVM, CDE,CGP, FASCP; Barbara A. Slusher, MSW, PA-C. October 31, 2012. Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid ¬Arthritis 2012: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment\n- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. Arthritis Basics http://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics.htm Accessed 24 April 2014.\n- South African Rheumatism and Arthritis Association. “Rheumatoid Arthritis”. http://www.saraa.co.za/C_TeauOverview.asp accessed 22 April 2014", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "On May 16, 2016, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (\"EEOC\") finalized highly anticipated regulations that purport to define the extent to\nThe rising cost of health care is a serious concern for employers who provide health benefits to their employees. In 1960, health care spending\nThe Affordable Care Act provides employees who are not offered health coverage by their employers with the option of purchasing health coverage\nThe recently enacted Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (\"PPACA\") raises a question about the treatment of stand-alone retiree health plans under some provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (\"ERISA\"), the Public Health Services Act, as amended (the \"PHSA\"), and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the \"Code\").\nThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended (\"PPACA\"), contains a provision titled \"Preservation of Right to Maintain Existing Coverage.\"\nThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended (\"PPACA\"), requires group health plans that offer health coverage to employees' or subscribers' children to make such coverage available until the child's 26th birthday.\nThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act creates the Early Retiree Reinsurance Program (the \"Program\").\nIn 2008, Congress passed the Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (the \"Act\").\nAs reported in an earlier Jones Day Commentary entitled \"Open Enrollment AlertNo Reward Goes Unpunished,\" the Departments of Treasury, Labor, and Health and Human Services jointly issued interim final rules to implement certain provisions of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (\"GINA\"), including the prohibition on the collection of genetic information by group health plans and group health insurance issuers.\nThe Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 became law on May 21, 2008.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Phytochemical investigation of Eryngium creticum L. has resulted in isolation of five compounds, including four compounds that are reported from the plant for the first time. Compound 1 was identified as (E)-rosmarinic acid, meanwhile, compound 2 was isolated as an (E/Z)-rosmarinic acid mixture. Interestingly, the E/Z-isomeric mixture was about 4 times as active as the single E-isomer toward the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), IC50= 6.062 and 25.75 μM, respectively. Utilizing combined molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) techniques, the binding affinities and features of the isolated compounds were evaluated against 3CLpro. Compound 2Z demonstrated a higher binding affinity for 3CLprothan 2E, with docking scores of -8.9 and -8.5 kcal/mol and MM-GBSA/150 ns MD binding energies of -26.5 and -22.1 kcal/mol, respectively. This justifies the superior activity of the E/Z-isomeric mixture versus the single E-isomer. Structural and energetic analyses revealed the stability of 2Z and 2E compared to the reference HIV-1 protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Besides, DFT calculations demonstrated the more energetic stability of 2E compared to 2Z, which justifies the difficulty in isolating the Z-isomer in a pure form, where it readily isomerizes to the E-isomer.\nAll Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes\n- Chemical Engineering(all)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "6 Best Ways To Grow Back Gums\nUse of oil is best to remove toxins from the mouth. 1 - Put a tablespoon of of essential oil in the mouth. You may use coconut oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil or palm oil. Sesame oil includes many anti-oxidants, and this oil is known to make the teeth and gums stronger. Sesame oil is preferred by the Indian human population. Children from five to fifteen years can only use One teaspoon of oil. Try blending coconut oil along with other essential oils such as palm oil, sesame oil or sun flower oil, as well as rinse your mouth with oil.\nYou may apply the paste using a soft-bristled toothbrush. Make a paste using turmeric powder and drinking water. Three - Make a spice-paste. If the tooth brush has hard bristles use your fingers to rub the gum line. Leave the paste in the gums for a few min's then rinse your mouth.\nHormonal imbalance in pregnancy can also lead to some extent of gingivitis. Swollen gums detach from your teeth. The supporting tooth bones are also involved in the process. The result's a gum pocket which often forms quickly due to the harmful bacteria and due to insufficient brushing. The tartar might also lead to advanced form of swollen gums or gum swelling. Your tooth bone tissues might be damaged by gum soreness. It may also reduce in size, and also the tooth appears a bit longer. After the postpartum period, the woman usually returns in just Fourteen to Twenty one days.\nWhen gum disease isn't cured, swollen can damage the teeth and gums badly. As a result of tooth bone damage, your tooth starts to damage and finally start loss of tooth. If you loved this post and you would like to obtain additional details concerning regrow gums naturally at home kindly check out the web-page. Inspite of bone tissue loss, the gums continue to be at their normal height. The plaque buildup then changes in to hardened tartar.\nThe dental office will help you find out the risk factors involved. 1 - To identify the major reason behind receding gums . There are many factors that can cause recurring gums. Brush forwards and towards and don't apply pressure on your tooth brush. To stop recurring gums, it is important to massage your gums well and brush the teeth so that the gums grow to the chew limit. Use a soft bristles tooth brush. Hold your tooth brush at 45° angle. Then make vertical lines by pulling the gums toward the teeth as it was using your toothbrush. Ensure to brush the teeth daily. The common causes are: smoking cigarettes, aggressive brushing and family genes problem.\n2 - Brush your teeth twice daily. Buy a new tooth brush every 3 or 4 months. Should the tongue afterward remove bacteria.\nAs a result of gum bleeding the teeth cannot be cleaned thoroughly. The gingivitis is often curable by complete care of your teeth without long-term damage. Can gingival recession be cured? There are many things an individual can do at home which can help to prevent the growth of gum recession and help to cure it asap. The pink looking gums will become a deep red because of inflamed gums and bleed very easily when brushing your teeth or when use dental floss.\nMake a C shape when you rub the floss in between your teeth as well as the edge of the gums. Be aware and don't pull the filament too hard within the gums. How frequently you go to the dentist depends upon the health of the teeth and gums. Talk to your dental office which tool is useful for you.\n4 - Visit your dental office regularly. Flossing is helpful to clear out food particles from teeth. You can use a tooth pick and dental floss. Adults will need to visit the dentist once a year. This type of treatment methods are very expensive. The dental professional can perform surgical treatments to promote the growth of gum line. The dental physician needs to focus on the safety measures on the dental issues.\nIf you've gingivitis, you need to go to your dentist for a better treatment solution. When the dental physician shows that you'd need special treatment seek advice from a dental professional. Take 45 cm of floss and cover the ends around the middle-fingers.\nWith little medical proof that these ingredients work. Simultaneously, a person can also use some home-remedies to cure gum recession. Teeth bone tissues are affected by gum disease. If you look and feel changes in the gums, you have to go to your dental office immediately. Use them very carefully and do not see them alternatively for flossing and brushing your teeth and regular appointments with the dentist.\n- Method 1 Use the paste on the gum line When the gums begin to recede, you may get inflammed gums.\n2 - Use oil to rinse the mouth. You can best try this treatment in the morning before eating. The oil turns milky white colour. Rinse the oil between the teeth for just 10 or 15 mins. If you cannot keep the oil in the mouth for ten to fifteen minutes daily, start with Five minutes and keep oil in the mouth longer and longer.\nGingivitis (an early stage of gum disease) is due to instances of dental plaque. This all natural treatment isn't suggested by the dental health care professionals but used by most people for several years to cure receding gums.\nMethod 4: Gum recession treatment options by practicing good oral care If you treat your gums with essential oil every day, you will suffer less from accumulated plaque within Ten days.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) and Qtel yesterday launched the Fahad bin Jassim Kidney Center. The opening of the center comes as a fitting tribute to kick off a week-long World Kidney Day activities.\n“The Kidney centre aims to secure world class healthcare services as in all the HMC hospitals. The Fahad Bin Jassim Kidney Center [...]\nAs part of its ongoing rebranding process, the Managing Director of Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Dr Hanan Al Kuwari, formally handed over the individual logos to the Executive Directors of the hospitals under its umbrella. Celebrating the successful rebranding of HMC earlier this month, each hospital is also seeing a facelift to reflect the changes [...]\nThe re-accreditation, which has happened for the second time, will raise HMC’s profile internationally and help it in further improving its services and attracting highly qualified medical professionals from across the globe, HMC’s Managing Director Dr Haman Al Kuwari has said.\n“The re-accreditation is a recognition of the high quality of services being provided by the [...]", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "CAPH represents California's public hospital systems, which are the core of the state's health care safety net, delivering high quality care to all in need and working to improve the health of their patients and communities.\nThough just 6% of all California hospitals statewide, public hospitals:\nSince 1999, the California Health Care Safety Net Institute (SNI) has helped public hospital systems develop and spread innovative programs to help improve the quality of patient care and care coordination, enhance efficiencies, and eliminate health care disparities.\nCAPH’s Annual Conference, Leading the Way: A New Chapter In Healthcare, will be held this year on December 4-6, 2013 at The Meritage Resort and Spa in Napa, CA.\nWe will be posting more details soon regarding registration, speakers and the conference agenda.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "For more information email email@example.com\nPulitzer Prize-winning investigative journalist and The 1619 Project developer Nikole Hannah-Jones leads the free, CME-bearing moderated discussion, presented by the GW SMHS Two in One Model — in partnership with the GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences Office of Diversity and Inclusion, and Meharry Medical College Division of Public Health Practice.\n*Earn 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ for this event.\nThe virtual event is part of the 2023 GW SMHS Annual MLK Lecture Series “Advancing the Dream: Why We Can’t Wait” series.\nFor more information and to register, click here to visit the Two in One Model website.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Unhappy with your care or treatment?\nWe try our best to make sure that patients receive the best possible care. But like any organisation, things can go wrong and we may not be able to reach all of our standards all of the time. Visit the Thatcham Medical Practice Complaints Information page to know more about our procedure.\nFor further assistance, please call us on 01635 867171 and request to speak with the Practice Manager – Mrs. Linda Lawson.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Most of us worry about visitng the dentist. A moderate amount of anxiety is entirely normal. However, some patients are so afraid of the dentist that it prevents them from accessing the professional dental care that they need.\nThe whole team at Cavendish House work hard to ensure that every patient is treated in a calm, friendly and relaxing environment.\nOur practice has recieved a national award for our care of nervous patients.\nFor some patients, however caring and friendly the staff are, their anxiety is just too severe for comfortable dental treatment. For these patients we are able to offer IV sedation.\nIf you are nervous of the dentist - rest assured; we understand your fears and we are here to help.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Lipoma or Cyst?\nI have a growth now for over 10 years. When I went to the doctor he told me it was a cyst and that I should not worry about it unless it hurts. . I have 2 from trauma to my ribs from my brother jabbing/prodding me unexpectedly; repeatedly when I was 15. Each started where the lowest rib begin and has spread laterally but adjacent to the lowest ribs on each side so they are large and cause discomfort. I'm concerned with bleeding as I do not accept blood should I be worried about death?\nRemoval of Cysts and Lipomas\nLipoma or Cyst removal do not require blood\nLipoma or Cyst\nYou might also like...\nWas well worth the surgery to remove this lipoma which was painful while sleeping on side...", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Thread Lift Treatment\nHow does a Thread Lift work?\nWho is suitable for this procedure?\nWhich areas can be treated with the Thread Lift?\nWhat does the procedure involve?\nWhen can I see results and how long will it last?\nThread Lifts Cost\nVertical Lift (assorted lifting threads) $1800\nVertical Lift & Jawline (assorted lifting threads) $2400\nMandatory safety information:\nMINT PDO products are subject to regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and state and local regulatory agencies [FDA Clearance (2013 - K130191 & 2020 - K192423)]. The information on this site does not, and cannot, provide medical advice and is for general informational purposes only. If you are a patient it is important to discuss health information with your doctor. Individual results may vary.\nHans Biomed’s provision of products, training, or other services to a medical provider, or the listing of a medical provider as using Hans Biomed products or services, including training, does not constitute Hans Biomed’s endorsement, representation of assurance regarding the medical provider’s qualifications, skills or experience, or affiliation. Medical providers are independent of Hans Biomed and subject to their jurisdiction’s licensing requirements. Hans Biomed assumes no liability for services provided by any medical provider. Patients are advised to independently investigate the qualifications of any medical provider.\nHans Biomed provision of products, training or other services to medical providers is not intended, in any way, as the practice of medicine. Hans Biomed product information in any website, product brochure, or in response to any patient inquiry is intended for informational purposes only and makes no guarantee regarding any medical procedure. Decisions whether to use Hans Biomed’s products or their appropriateness for use should be done in consultation with one’s medical provider.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "|Home||Register||Search||Help||Members||NYC Disability Resources||Calendar|\nProposed legislation aimed at comorbidity among Medicare beneficiaries\nProposed legislation aimed at comorbidity among\nApril 4, 2016\nby Robert Gatty\nA \"policy options document\" developed by the U.S. Senate Finance\nCommittee's Chronic Care Working Group could form the basis for new\nlegislation with a significant impact on the long-term care industry.\nIssued last December following a series of hearings and stakeholder\nmeetings, the document suggests a series of options for the committee to\nconsider with the goal of improving how Medicare treats beneficiaries with\nmultiple, complex chronic illnesses. The Working Group says any policy\nunder consideration should meet these key objectives:\nIncrease care coordination among individual providers across care\nsettings who are treating individuals living with chronic diseases;\nStreamline Medicares current payment systems to incentivize the\nappropriate level of care; and\nFacilitate delivery of high-quality care, improve care\ntransitions, produce stronger patient outcomes, increase program\nefficiency and contribute to an overall effort to reduce the growth in\nShould the committee decide to move forward with its recommendations and\ndevelop a final document, revised after submitted comments, that action is\nexpected to wait until the new Congress convenes in January 2017 when\nlawmakers can return their focus to making improvements many consider\nnecessary while also reducing overall healthcare expenditures.\nSome of the policy options in the document include:\nExpanding the Independence at Home Model of Care (IAH)\ndemonstration into a permanent, nationwide program.\nExpanding access to home hemodialysis therapy by including\nfree-standing renal dialysis facilities in its qualified originating site\nRequiring Medicare Advantage (MA) plans to offer the hospice\nbenefit provided under traditional Medicare.\nAllowing end stage renal disease beneficiaries to choose a MA\nplan no matter when their condition began.\nProviding continued access to MA special needs plans (SNP) for\nvulnerable populations through a long-term extension or permanent\nauthorization of SNPs as established under the Medicare Prescription Drug,\nImprovement, and Modernization Act of 2003.\nImproving care management services for individuals with multiple\nchronic conditions by establishing a new high-severity chronic care\nmanagement code under the physician fee schedule.\nDeveloping policies to improve integration of care for\nindividuals with a chronic disease combined with a behavioral health\nProviding MA plans the flexibility to establish a benefit\nstructure that varies based on chronic conditions of individual enrollees.\nExpanding supplemental benefits for chronically ill MA enrollees.\nUsing telehealth to increase convenience for MA enrollees and for\nindividuals who have suffered a stroke.\nProviding Accountable Care Organizations (ACO) the ability to\nexpand use of telehealth.\nClarifying that ACOs participating in the Medicare Shared Savings\nProgram (MSSP) may furnish a social or transportation service for which\npayment is not made under fee-for-service Medicare.\nEnsuring accurate payment for chronically ill individuals.\nProviding flexibility for beneficiaries to be part of an ACO.\nDeveloping quality measures for chronic conditions.\nEncouraging beneficiary use of chronic care management services.\nEstablishing a one-time visit code post initial diagnosis of\nAlzheimers disease, dementia or other serious or life-threatening\nEliminating barriers to care coordination under ACOs.\nExpanding access to prediabetes education.\nExpanding access to digital coaching to help beneficiaries learn\nmore about their health conditions and in the self-management of their own\nIcreasing transparency at the Center for Medicare & Medicaid\nConducting a study of medication synchronization.\nConducting a study on obesity drugs.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Launching a Telepsychiatry Program\nJuly 14, 2020 10:28 am\nLicensed in 10 states, Dr. Jenys Allende offers insights into the emerging model of telepsychiatry and what she learned over the past 10 years.\nTelehealth Etiquette Video Series\nSeptember 16, 2020 3:38 pm\nA series of 5 short videos from the University of Arkansas on Telehealth skills and etiquette that may be useful for training.\nAMMC Telehealth Competencies\nNovember 12, 2020 2:40 pm\nThis is a nice piece outlining competencies needing to be taught at various level of medical training relative to telehealth and can be adapted for other purposes.\nCOVID Smartphrases 3.20\nJuly 14, 2020 10:36 am\nAn FAQ sheet with answers to COVID-19 smart phrases from Kaiser Permanente.\nJuly 14, 2020 10:27 am\nThis PDF version of the online Telehealth Readiness Assessment (TRA) tool from the Maryland Health Care Commission is designed to assist small physician practices.\nHealthcare IT Guide to Telehealth Vendors\nJuly 14, 2020 10:24 am\nHealth IT News offers this listing of telemedicine companies that can help hospitals and other providers organizations deliver quality virtual care.\nJuly 14, 2020 10:26 am\nTelehealth Technology offers these concise guides for providers with introductions to the equipment and platforms used for telehealth.\nWebinars and Podcasts\nHIMMS Deploying Telehealth During COVID-19\nJuly 14, 2020 2:44 pm\nThis 60-minute HIMMS webcast explores how Northwell Health is leveraging multiple technology platforms in new ways during the COVID-19 health crisis.\nTelehealth I Deep Dive\nJuly 14, 2020 10:30 am\nPart 1 of a 2 part series covers a baseline of telehealth activity throughout the country. Guest speakers include Dr. Ragan DuBose-Morris and Tina Benton.\nTelehealth II Deep Dive\nJuly 14, 2020 10:31 am\nPart 2 of a 2 part series covers a baseline of telehealth activity throughout the country. Guest speakers include Dr. Ragan DuBose-Morris and Tina Benton.\nFront Office Guru – Telehealth Scripts\nJuly 14, 2020 2:11 pm\nStill open – want to transition patients to telehealth Use the following 4 parts to the conversation when someone calls to drop out of care during the outbreak:", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "June 27 is National HIV Testing Day and Interior Health is reminding people that, since last December, an HIV test may be included when patients visit emergency departments and require diagnostic blood work.\nProvincial testing guidelines encourage primary care providers to know the HIV status of all patients, not only those deemed at risk. The guidelines also advise that when people are sick, an HIV test should be included as part of blood work to determine a diagnosis, regardless of an individual’s HIV risk factors.\nDuring the past five years, Interior Health has implemented STOP HIV/AIDS, a provincial program to expand access to earlier HIV testing and provide support for individuals to start and sustain HIV medication. When people are consistently taking HIV medications, their viral load drops to an undetectable level, protecting their health by preventing progression to AIDS and AIDS-related premature deaths and stopping transmission of the virus to someone else.\n“Routine HIV testing in the emergency department is one of the latest tools being used in Interior Health to end the HIV epidemic,” said says Dr. Michael Murphy, medical coordinator for the STOP HIV/AIDS program in Interior Health.\n“Routine testing at a point-of-contact in the health-care system is targeted to detect those 15 per cent of HIV-positive individuals who are unaware of their HIV status. I have personally treated patients who were unaware they were HIV-positive and were diagnosed through testing in the emergency department.”\nDr. Jeff Hussey, an emergency department physician, said he sees patients needing bloodwork who have deteriorated health.\n“That’s exactly the criteria to indicate that patients should have an HIV test ordered,” Hussey said.\n“We have the perfect opportunity to help detect the 15 per cent of patients that are currently unaware of their HIV-positive status.”\nAs with other routine blood work, patients who do not wish to have the test during their emergency visit may decline.\nThe made-in-B.C. STOP HIV/AIDS initiative includes outreach to marginalized groups, expanding access to early testing to diagnose those living with HIV in order to improve health outcomes and reduce transmission and immediate and universal access to free antiretroviral therapy for all who are diagnosed HIV-positive.\nFor more information about HIV testing, go online to interiorhealth.ca.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "2020 Virtual Annual Conference\nThank you for registering! Below are the details for this year's conference, along with your session access links.\nAll sessions will be taking place in zoom, the links are below.\nZoom Resource Guide\nRecording, copying, and/or reproducing a presentation from the MMA Annual Conference without consent is a violation of common law copyright. Questions and requests may be sent to the MMA (firstname.lastname@example.org).\nUse the hashtag #mnmed20 to share your thoughts and photos during the conference and after on Twitter, Instagram, etc.\nThursday, September 24, 2020\nVirtual inaguration held for MMA's incoming President, Marilyn Peitso, MD\nFriday, September 25, 2020\nMMA Business Meeting 10am\nMMA CEO Janet Silversmith, Board Chair Randy Rice, MD, and the entire MMA Board of Trustees review the work of the MMA in this most extraordinary of years and how physicians across Minnesota have risen to the occasion. Link will be available Friday at 10am.\nGeneral Session – COVID-19: Where Are We Now? 12-1pm\nCracks in the Health Care System Exposed by COVID-19 1:30-2:30pm\nConcurrent Breakout Sessions (session access linked below)\n- How well can current payment models sustain health care access through COVID-19 and other public health emergencies/crises?\n- What are the limits of telehealth and its broader adoption?\n- Are investments in public health/emergency preparedness adequate to meet COVID-19 and other public health emergencies/crises?\nConcurrent Breakout Sessions (session access linked below) 3-4pm\n- The Impact of COVID-19 on Medical Education\n- COVID-19 and Health Equity\n- The Journey to Treat COVID-19\nPoster Symposium 4-5:30pm\nSaturday, September 26, 2020\nGeneral Session: Addressing the Challenges of Viewing Medicine Through a Race-Based Lens 9-10am\nClosing Session: Mobilizing Physicians to Create Change 10:15-11:30am\nIt’s a Wrap! 11:30-noon", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "2 Clarke Drive\nCranbury, NJ 08512\n© 2022 MJH Life Sciences™ and OncLive - Clinical Oncology News, Cancer Expert Insights. All rights reserved.\nPD-L1-high status, determined via 3 separate immunohistochemistry assays, and blood tumor mutational burden strongly favored atezolizumab over platinum-based chemotherapy and supports the PD-L1 inhibitor as a first-line treatment option in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer.\nRoy Herbst, MD, PhD\nPD-L1—high status, determined via 3 separate immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays, and blood tumor mutational burden (bTMB) strongly favored atezolizumab (Tecentriq) over platinum-based chemotherapy and supports the PD-L1 inhibitor as a first-line treatment option in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), according to an analysis of the phase III IMpower110 study presented at the 2019 ESMO Immuno-Oncology Congress.1\nIn patients with the highest PD-L1 expression level, defined as tumor cell (TC)3 or immune cell (IC)3 by Ventana SP142 IHC staining, the median overall survival (OS) was 20.2 months with atezolizumab versus 13.1 months with chemotherapy (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40-0.89).\n“At the interim OS analysis, atezolizumab showed statistically significant and clinically meaningful OS improvements with atezolizumab versus platinum-based chemotherapy in the PD-L1 high by the SP142 antibody population,” said lead study investigator Roy S. Herbst MD, PhD, chief of Medical Oncology, professor of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, Smilow Cancer Hospital.\nOS was similar in patients with high PD-L1 status when PD-L1 was evaluated by Dako 22C3 staining (≥50% tumor proportion score [TPS]) at 20.2 months versus 11.0 months (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.41-0.86) with atezolizumab versus chemotherapy, respectively, and also by SP263 staining (TC ≥50%), where the median OS was 19.5 months versus 16.1 months (HR 0.71; 95% CI, 0.50-1.00), respectively.\nThe analyses evaluated the efficacy of atezolizumab according to PD-L1 expression status and bTMB. Investigators used data from the phase III IMpower110 study, which met the primary endpoint of OS with atezolizumab in patients with advanced NSCLC who had ≥50% PD-L1 expression on TC3 or ≥10% expression on IC3 (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40-0.89; P  = .0106).2\nThe IMpower110 study enrolled 572 chemotherapy-naïve patients with stage IV NSCLC and measurable disease according to RECIST v1.1 criteria and an ECOG performance status of 0 to 1. To be eligible for enrollment, patients had wild-type disease that was EGFR/ALK-negative and PD-L1 expression status ≥1% on TC or IC per the Ventana SP142 assay. Patients were randomized 1:1 to be treated with atezolizumab at 1200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks or platinum-based chemotherapy in 4 to 6 21-day cycles.\nThe primary endpoint was hierarchically tested OS in wild-type patients, and an additional analysis included OS and progression-free survival in the SP263 PD-L1 positive (cutoffs ≥1% and ≥50% TC) and 22C3 PD-L1 positive (cutoffs ≥1% and ≥50 TPS) patients and in those with bTMB at cutoffs of ≥10, ≥16, and ≥20. A TMB score of 16 was equivalent to approximately 14.5 mutations per megabase.\nThe biomarker-evaluable population (BEP) in patients with TC1/2/3 or IC1/2/3 comprised 554 patients who were PD-L1 positive according to SP142, 534 patients who were PD-L1 positive by 22C3, 546 who were PD-L1 positive by SP263, and 389 patients with bTMB. The prevalence of PD-L1 expression according to SP263 was 77% (TC ≥1%) and 54% (TC ≥50%); by 22C3 was 78% (TPS ≥1%) and 49% (TPS ≥50%); and by SP142 was 100% (TC1/2/3 or IC1/2/3), 59% (TC2/3 or IC2/3), and 37% (TC3 or IC3).\nIn the cohort of patients having PD-L1 positivity, represented by TC1/2/3 or IC1/2/3 by SP142, the median OS was 17.5 months with atezolizumab versus 14.1 months with chemotherapy (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.65-1.07). Similar results favoring atezolizumab were seen according to 22C3 staining (TPS ≥1%; HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55-0.97) and SP263 staining (TC ≥1%; HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.58-1.02).\n“PD-L1 immunohistochemistry and bTMB identified distinct populations of patients in the IMpower110 study,” said Herbst. “OS and PFS were consistently in favor of atezolizumab in PD-L1—high subgroups and this benefit was observed across bTMB subgroups.”\nIn patients with the lowest PD-L1 expression status, represented by TC1/2 or IC1/2 (SP142), TPS 1% to 49% (22C3), and TC 1% to 49% (SP263), OS began to favor chemotherapy over atezolizumab: HR, 1.04 (95% CI, 0.76-1.44); HR, 1.00 (95% CI, 0.63-1.58), and HR, 0.94 (95% CI, 0.58-1.53), respectively.\nPFS also favored atezolizumab in a stepwise fashion according to PD-L1 expression. By SP142 staining patients with TC/IC3 had median PFS of 8.1 months with atezolizumab versus 5.0 months with chemotherapy (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.43-0.82). In patients with PD-L1 status TC1/2/3 or /IC 1/2/3, the median PFS was 5.7 months and 5.5 months, respectively (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.93). For TC1/2 and IC1/2, the median PFS was 5.5 months versus 5.6 months (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.71-1.15) with atezolizumab versus chemotherapy, respectively.\nbTMB was also supported as a prospective biomarker of atezolizumab efficacy. The median OS in patients with bTMB ≥10 receiving atezolizumab versus chemotherapy was 11.2 months versus 10.3 months (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.58-1.30). Median OS with the respective treatments was 13.9 months versus 8.5 months (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.41-1.35) at bTMB ≥16, and 17.2 months versus 10.5 months (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.36-1.64) at bTMB ≥20.\nMedian PFS with atezolizumab versus chemotherapy, respectively, across the bTMB cutoff points was 5.5 months versus 4.3 months (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.53-1.05), 6.8 months versus 4.4 months (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.33-0.92), and 6.8 months versus 5.2 months (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.30-1.06).\n“These findings support atezolizumab as a first-line treatment option in patients with PD-L1—high NSCLC,” Herbst remarked, adding that bTMB appears to be a potential biomarker for checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Magnetic Technology Creates Detailed Images of All Body Parts\nMagnetic resonance imaging revolutionized the field of diagnostic medicine when it was introduced in the 1970s. Scientifically complex, the technique uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create images of everything from the brain and breasts to the pelvis and prostate.\nMost MRI machines are large and tube-shaped and contain powerful magnets. When a patient lies inside, a magnetic field temporarily realigns hydrogen atoms in the body. Radio waves cause these atoms to produce faint signals, which are used to create the detailed images.\nMain Street Radiology's MRI division consists of four sections. The Neuroradiology section specializes in diseases of the brain, spine, head, and neck. Musculoskeletal Radiology focuses on the joints, bones, and muscles of the arms and legs. Our Breast Imaging section uses advanced technology to evaluate breast health and look for possible tumors. Finally, the Body Imaging sections perform exams of the chest, abdomen, pelvis and cardiovascular system.\nWe have a full range of state-of-the-art MRI technology, including some that's rarely found outside of major research institutions. Often, we use a combination of MRI techniques to provide our patients with the best results.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Arabic Name : Dar Seenee, Qirfa\nBengali Name : Dalchini, Daruchini\nChinese Name : Jou kuei, Gui zhi\nEnglish Name : Cinnamon Bark\nFrench Name : Cannelle\nGerman Name : Ceylon-Zimt, Kaneelbaum\nGujarati Name : Dalchini\nHindi Name : Dalchini, Daruchini, Darchini\nKannada Name : Dalchini\nLatin name : Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume.\nMarathi Name : Dalchini\nPersian Name : Darchini\nPunjabi Name : Dalchini, Darchini\nSanskrit Name : Tvak, Bhringa\nUrdu Name : Darchini\nDescription : Darchini is useful for stomach and digestive complaints and boosts absorption by means of intensifying your body’s capability to thoroughly collapse and soak up nutrients from food. Further alleged advantages of Darchini involve: combating fungal infectivity, alleviating sickness, remedying diarrhea, intensifying peripheral circulation, heating up the body, lessening blockage and curing uterine hemorrhage. It may possibly help in lowering cholesterol and triglyceride levels and supporting hearth strength. These performances are founded mainly on subjective and not scientific proofs.\n- It helps calm the stomach.\n- It helps to clear up urinary tract infections.\n- It also kills many fungi and viruses that cause diseases.\n- Cinnamon (Darchini) is used for stimulating gastric and digestive juices and carminative.\n- In diabetic patients, it helps metabolize sugar in a better way using less insulin.\n- Ancient Chinese references mention about use of Cinnamon as early as 2700 BC as a medicine for relieving nausea, fever, diarrhea and menstrual problems.\n- It is an antiseptic that helps kill bacteria which cause tooth decay and gum disease, and that is why most of the tooth pastes are cinnamon flavored.\nRecommended Dosage : Bark :- 375 mg to 2 g powder; Oil : 1 to 3 drops. For external application only.\nContraindication : If pregnant or breast-feeding do not consume more cinnamon than is normally present in food. Men with prostate problems, diabetics and those taking blood thinners should consult a health care provider before using this herb. This product is not recommended if you have a tendency toward excessive menstrual bleeding. Taking this herb and antibiotics together may make the antibiotic not work for you. Increased heart rate (pulse), feeling dizzy, shortness of breath and redness of the face may occur if you take too much Cinnamon. Undiluted essential oil in their purest state is extremely potent, and should be blended with a carrier oil or other medium prior to use directly on the skin, as the essential oil may cause irritation.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Save 5% on your first order!\nUse code NewCustomer5|Some exclusions may apply\nNEW Subscribe and Save 5% on ALL\n|Designs for Health Products\nPlease Login to Add Products to a Favorites List\nNutriDyn CoQ10 200mg contains CoQ10, vitamin A and E for support of a healthy cardiovascular and immune system during healthy aging -\nShips Fast & Free", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Scientists have identified 7 healthy linked to lower rates of dementia in those with genetic risk.\nAccording to a study recently published in Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology, seven healthy habits and lifestyle factors may help reduce the risk of dementia in people with the greatest genetic risk.\nThe seven cardiovascular and brain health factors are known as the American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7: being active, eating healthier, losing weight, not smoking, keeping a healthy blood pressure, regulating cholesterol, and lowering blood sugar.\n“These healthy habits in the Life’s Simple 7 have been linked to a lower risk of dementia overall, but it is uncertain whether the same applies to people with a high genetic risk,” said study author Adrienne Tin, Ph.D., of the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson. “The good news is that even for people who are at the highest genetic risk, living by this same healthier lifestyle are likely to have a lower risk of dementia.”\nIn the research, 2,738 people with African heritage and 8,823 individuals with European ancestry were tracked over the course of 30 years. At the start of the trial, participants’ average age was 54.\nThe levels of each of the seven health factors were reported by study participants. The range of total scores was 0 to 14, with 0 being the most unhealthy score and 14 denoting the most healthy score. People of European heritage scored on average 8.3, whereas people of African descent scored on average 6.6.\nResearchers calculated genetic risk scores at the start of the study using genome-wide statistics of Alzheimer’s disease, which have been used to study the genetic risk for dementia.\nParticipants with European ancestry were divided into five groups and those with African ancestry were divided into three groups based on genetic risk scores. The group with the highest genetic risk included people who had at least one copy of the APOE gene variant associated with Alzheimer’s disease, APOE e4. Of those with European ancestry, 27.9% had the APOE e4 variant, while of those who had African ancestry, 40.4% had the APOE e4 variant. The group with the lowest risk had the APOE e2 variant, which has been associated with a decreased risk of dementia.\nBy the end of the study, 1,603 people with European ancestry developed dementia and 631 people with African ancestry developed dementia.\nFor people with European ancestry, researchers found that people with the highest scores in the lifestyle factors had a lower risk of dementia across all five genetic risk groups, including the group with the highest genetic risk of dementia. For each one-point increase in the lifestyle factor score, there was a 9% lower risk of developing dementia. Among those with European ancestry, compared with the low category of the lifestyle factor score, the intermediate and high categories were associated with 30% and 43% lower risk for dementia, respectively. Among those with African ancestry, the intermediate and high categories were associated with 6% and 17% lower risk for dementia, respectively.\nAmong people with African ancestry, researchers found a similar pattern of declining dementia risk across all three groups among those with higher scores on the lifestyle factors. But researchers said the smaller number of participants in this group limited the findings, so more research is needed.\n“Larger sample sizes from diverse populations are needed to get more reliable estimates of the effects of these modifiable health factors on dementia risk within different genetic risk groups and ancestral backgrounds,” Tin said.\nA limitation of the study was the smaller sample size among people of African ancestry and that many African American participants were recruited from one location.\nThe study was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, and the National Human Genome Research Institute.\nReference: “Genetic Risk, Midlife Life’s Simple 7, and Incident Dementia in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study” by Adrienne Tin, Jan Bressler, Jeannette Simino, Kevin J Sullivan, Hao Mei, B. Gwen Windham, Michael Griswold, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Eric Boerwinkle, Myriam Fornage and Tom H. Mosley, 25 May 2022, Neurology.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Key features and details\n- Rabbit polyclonal to SOX15\n- Suitable for: IHC-P, WB\n- Reacts with: Human\n- Isotype: IgG\nProduct nameAnti-SOX15 antibody\nSee all SOX15 primary antibodies\nDescriptionRabbit polyclonal to SOX15\nTested applicationsSuitable for: IHC-P, WBmore details\nSpecies reactivityReacts with: Human\nPredicted to work with: Mouse, Rat, Horse, Guinea pig, Cow, Cat, Dog\n- Transfected 293T cell lysate; human kidney tissue\nStorage instructionsShipped at 4°C. Upon delivery aliquot and store at -20°C. Avoid freeze / thaw cycles.\nStorage bufferPreservative: 0.09% Sodium azide\nConstituents: 2% Sucrose, PBS\nConcentration information loading...\nPurityProtein A purified\nOur Abpromise guarantee covers the use of ab55960 in the following tested applications.\nThe application notes include recommended starting dilutions; optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.\n|IHC-P||Use a concentration of 4 - 8 µg/ml.|\n|WB||Use a concentration of 2.5 µg/ml. Predicted molecular weight: 28 kDa. Good results were obtained when blocked with 5% non-fat dry milk in 0.05% PBS-T.|\nFunctionBinds to the 5'-AACAAT-3' sequence.\nTissue specificityWidely expressed in fetal and adult tissues examined, highest level found in fetal spinal cord and adult brain and testis.\nSequence similaritiesContains 1 HMG box DNA-binding domain.\n- Information by UniProt\n- Protein SOX-12 antibody\n- Protein SOX-15 antibody\n- Protein SOX-20 antibody\nImmunohistochemistry of (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of human kidney tissue labelling SOX15 with ab55960 at 4-8µg/ml. Arrows indicate positively labelled epithelial cells of renal tubules. Magnification: 400X.\nAnti-SOX15 antibody (ab55960) at 1.25 µg/ml + transfected 293T cell lysate at 10 µg\nHRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG at 1/50000 dilution\nPredicted band size: 28 kDa\nGel concentration 12%\nab55960 has been referenced in 2 publications.\n- Rui X et al. SOX15 regulates proliferation and migration of endometrial cancer cells. Biosci Rep 37:N/A (2017). PubMed: 28821564\n- Proestling K et al. Enhanced expression of the stemness-related factors OCT4, SOX15 and TWIST1 in ectopic endometrium of endometriosis patients. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 14:81 (2016). IHC-P ; Human . PubMed: 27881125", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Functional dyspepsia refers to painful and nonpainful symptoms that are perceived to arise in the upper digestive tract but are not secondary to organic, systemic or metabolic diseases. The symptoms of this syndrome often overlap with those of GERD and IBS, making its management far from simple. If Helicobacter pylori infection is diagnosed in patients with functional dyspepsia, it should be treated. In patients with mild or intermittent symptoms, reassurance and lifestyle advice might be sufficient; in patients not responding to these measures, or in those with more severe symptoms, drug therapy should be considered. Both PPIs and prokinetics can be used in initial empirical pharmacotherapy based on symptom patterns—a PPI is more likely to be effective in the presence of retrosternal or epigastric burning or epigastric pain, whereas a prokinetic is more effective in dyspepsia with early satiation or postprandial fullness. Although combinations of PPIs and prokinetics might have additive symptomatic effects, single-drug therapy is initially preferable. Antidepressants or referral to a psychiatrist or psychotherapist can be considered in nonresponders and in those whose symptoms have a marked effect on daily functioning. Despite extensive research, functional dyspepsia treatment often remains unsatisfactory. Better characterization of dyspeptic subgroups and understanding of underlying mechanisms will enable treatment advances to be made in the future.\nFunctional dyspepsia encompasses a myriad of painful and nonpainful symptoms perceived to arise in the upper digestive tract that are not secondary to organic diseases; its management is not simple\nIf Helicobacter pylori infection is diagnosed, it should be treated; a test and treat strategy is recommended in populations with a high prevalence of H. pylori infection\nLifestyle modifications can provide relief from symptoms in patients with mild or intermittent symptoms; drug therapy is the preferred option to treat severe symptoms or nonresponders\nPPIs or prokinetics can be initial empirical pharmacotherapy: PPIs in the presence of retrosternal or epigastric burning or epigastric pain; prokinetics in dyspepsia with early satiation or postprandial fullness\nTreatment of functional dyspepsia remains unsatisfactory; advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of this disorder could enable targeted therapy in the future\nThis is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution\nOpen Access articles citing this article.\nSchweizer Gastroenterologie Open Access 29 November 2022\nAcupuncture and related therapies used as add-on or alternative to prokinetics for functional dyspepsia: overview of systematic reviews and network meta-analysis\nScientific Reports Open Access 04 September 2017\nSubscribe to this journal\nReceive 12 print issues and online access\n$209.00 per year\nonly $17.42 per issue\nRent or buy this article\nPrices vary by article type\nPrices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout\nDrossman, D. 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Ther. 12, 1055–1065 (1998).\nFutagami, S. et al. Nizatidine improves clinical symptoms and gastric emptying in patients with functional dyspepsia accompanied by impaired gastric emptying. Digestion 86, 114–121 (2012).\nJarbol, D. E., Bech, M., Kragstrup, J., Havelund, T. & Schaffalitzky de Muckadell, O. B. Economic evaluation of empirical antisecretory therapy versus Helicobacter pylori test for management of dyspepsia: a randomized trial in primary care. Int. J. Technol. Assess. Health Care 22, 362–371 (2006).\nHu, W. H. et al. Comparison between empirical prokinetics, Helicobacter test-and-treat and empirical endoscopy in primary-care patients presenting with dyspepsia: a one-year study. World J. Gastroenterol. 12, 5010–5016 (2006).\nAng, T. L. et al. Helicobacter pylori eradication versus prokinetics in the treatment of functional dyspepsia: a randomized, double-blind study. J. Gastroenterol. 41, 647–653 (2006).\nMoayyedi, P. et al. Pharmacological interventions for non-ulcer dyspepsia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD001960. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001960.pub5 (2006).\nXiao, Y. L. et al. Prevalence and symptom pattern of pathologic esophageal acid reflux in patients with functional dyspepsia based on the Rome III criteria. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 105, 2626–2631 (2010).\nLadabaum, U. et al. Reappraisal of non-invasive management strategies for uninvestigated dyspepsia: a cost-minimization analysis. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 16, 1491–1501 (2002).\nSpiegel, B., Vakil, N. & Ofman, J. Dyspepsia management in primary care: a decision analysis of competing strategies. Gastroenterology 122, 1270–1285 (2002).\nRabeneck, L. et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of proton pump inhibitor therapy in patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 97, 3045–3051 (2002).\nMoayyedi, P. et al. The efficacy of proton pump inhibitors in non-ulcer dyspepsia: a systematic review and economic analysis. Gastroenterology 127, 1329–1337 (2004).\nWang, W. H. et al. Effects of proton pump inhibitors on functional dyspepsia: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 5, 178–185 (2007).\nSakaguchi, M. et al. Comparison of PPIs and H2-receptor antagonists plus prokinetics for dysmotility-like dyspepsia. World J. Gastroenterol. 18, 1517–1524 (2012).\nStanghellini, V. & Frisoni, C. Editorial: Reflux, dyspepsia, and Rome III (or Rome IV?). Am. J. Gastroenterol. 105, 2632–2634 (2010).\nMoayyedi, P. et al. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori for non-ulcer dyspepsia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD002096. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002096.pub5 (2006).\nMearin, F. et al. Levosulpiride and cisapride in the treatment of dysmotility-like functional dyspepsia: a randomized, double-masked trial. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2, 301–308 (2004).\nHallerback, B. I. et al. Dose finding study of mosapride in functional dyspepsia: a placebo-controlled, randomized study. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 16, 959–967 (2002).\nVakil, N. et al. Tegaserod treatment for dysmotility-like functional dyspepsia: results of two randomized, controlled trials. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 103, 1906–1919 (2008).\nHoltmann, G. et al. A placebo-controlled trial of itopride in functional dyspepsia. N. Engl. J. Med. 354, 832–840 (2006).\nTalley, N. J. et al. Itopride in functional dyspepsia: results of two phase III multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Gut 57, 740–746 (2008).\nArts, J., Caenepeel, P., Verbeke, K. & Tack, J. Influence of erythromycin on gastric emptying and meal related symptoms in functional dyspepsia with delayed gastric emptying. Gut 54, 455–460 (2005).\nTalley, N. J. et al. Failure of a motilin receptor agonist (ABT-229) to relieve the symptoms of functional dyspepsia in patients with and without delayed gastric emptying: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 14, 1653–1661 (2000).\nFoxx-Orenstein, A., Camilleri, M., Stephens, D. & Burton, D. Effect of a somatostatin analogue on gastric motor and sensory functions in healthy humans. Gut 52, 1555–1561 (2003).\nArts, J. et al. Efficacy of the long-acting repeatable formulation of the somatostatin analogue octreotide in postoperative dumping. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 7, 432–437 (2009).\nTack, J. et al. A dose-ranging, placebo-controlled pilot trial of acotiamide in patients with functional dyspepsia. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 21, 272–280 (2009).\nMatsueda, K. et al. Clinical trial: dose-dependent therapeutic efficacy of acotiamide hydrochloride (Z-338) in patients with functional dyspepsia—100 mg t.i.d. is an optimal dosage. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 22, 618–e173 (2010).\nMatsueda, K. et al. A placebo-controlled trial of acotiamide for meal-related symptoms of functional dyspepsia. Gut 61, 821–828 (2012).\nKusunoki, H. et al. Therapeutic efficacy of acotiamide in patients with functional dyspepsia based on enhanced postprandial gastric accommodation and emptying: randomized controlled study evaluation by real-time ultrasonography. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 24, 540–545 (2012).\nTack, J. & Janssen, P. Acotiamide (Z-338, YM443), a new drug for the treatment of functional dyspepsia. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 20, 701–712 (2011).\nHojo, M. et al. Treatment of functional dyspepsia with antianxiety or antidepressive agents: systematic review. J. Gastroenterol. 40, 1036–1042 (2005).\nOtaka, M. et al. New strategy of therapy for functional dyspepsia using famotidine, mosapride and amitriptyline. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 21 (Suppl. 2), 42–46 (2005).\nMertz, H. et al. Effect of amitriptyline on symptoms, sleep, and visceral perception in patients with functional dyspepsia. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 93, 160–165 (1998).\nTack, J. et al. Influence of the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, paroxetine, on gastric sensorimotor function in humans. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 17, 603–608 (2003).\nvan Kerkhoven, L. A. et al. Effect of the antidepressant venlafaxine in functional dyspepsia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 6, 746–752 (2008).\nDinan, T. G. et al. A double-blind placebo-controlled study of buspirone-stimulated prolactin release in non-ulcer dyspepsia—are central serotoninergic responses enhanced? Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 15, 1613–1618 (2001).\nCoulie, B. et al. Role of nitric oxide in fasting gastric fundus tone and in 5-HT1 receptor-mediated relaxation of gastric fundus. Am. J. Physiol. 276, G373–G377 (1999).\nVan Oudenhove, L., Kindt, S., Vos, R., Coulie, B. & Tack, J. Influence of buspirone on gastric sensorimotor function in man. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 28, 1326–1333 (2008).\nChial, H. J. et al. Selective effects of serotonergic psychoactive agents on gastrointestinal functions in health. Am. J. Physiol. 284, G130–G137 (2003).\nTack, J., Janssen, P., Masaoka, T., Farré, R. & Van Oudenhove, L. Efficacy of buspirone, a fundus-relaxing drug, in patients with functional dyspepsia. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 10, 1239–1245 (2012).\nMiwa, H. et al. Efficacy of the 5-HT1A agonist tandospirone citrate in improving symptoms of patients with functional dyspepsia: a randomized controlled trial. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 104, 2779–2787 (2009).\nRead, N. W. et al. Efficacy and safety of the peripheral κ agonist fedotozine versus placebo in the treatment of functional dyspepsia. Gut 41, 664–668 (1997).\nTalley, N. J. et al. Asimadoline, a κ-opioid agonist, and satiation in functional dyspepsia. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 27, 1122–1131 (2008).\nSoo, S. et al. Psychological interventions for non-ulcer dyspepsia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD002301. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002301.pub5 (2005).\nHaug, T. T., Wilhelmsen, I., Svebak, S., Berstad, A. & Ursin, H. Psychotherapy in functional dyspepsia. J. Psychosom. Res. 38, 735–744 (1994).\nHamilton, J. et al. A randomized controlled trial of psychotherapy in patients with chronic functional dyspepsia. Gastroenterology 119, 661–669 (2000).\nCalvert, E. L., Houghton, L. A., Cooper, P., Morris, J. & Whorwell, P. J. Long-term improvement in functional dyspepsia using hypnotherapy. Gastroenterology 123, 1778–1785 (2002).\nCamilleri, M. Functional dyspepsia: mechanisms of symptom generation and appropriate management of patients. Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. 36, 649–664 (2007).\nLacy, B. E. et al. Review article: current treatment options and management of functional dyspepsia. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 36, 3–15 (2012).\nChial, H. J. et al. A nutrient drink test to assess maximum tolerated volume and postprandial symptoms: effects of gender, body mass index and age in health. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 14, 249–253 (2002).\nAbell, T. L. et al. Consensus recommendations for gastric emptying scintigraphy: a joint report of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 103, 753–763 (2008).\nCamilleri, M. et al. Performance characteristics of scintigraphic measurement of gastric emptying of solids in healthy participants. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-29822012.01972.x.\nSzarka, L. A. et al. A stable isotope breath test with a standard meal for abnormal gastric emptying of solids in the clinic and in research. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 6, 635–643 (2008).\nOdunsi, S. T. et al. Optimizing analysis of stable isotope breath tests to estimate gastric emptying of solids. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 21, 706–738 (2009).\nBouras, E. P. et al. SPECT imaging of the stomach: comparison with barostat and effects of sex, age, body mass index, and fundoplication. Gut 51, 781–786 (2002).\nKindt, S. et al. Relationship between symptom pattern, assessed by the PAGI-SYM© questionnaire, and gastric sensorimotor dysfunction in functional dyspepsia. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 21, 1183–e105 (2009).\nDelgado-Aros, S. et al. Contributions of gastric volumes and gastric emptying to meal size and post-meal symptoms in functional dyspepsia. Gastroenterology 127, 1685–1694 (2004).\nThe authors wish to thank Cindy Stanislav for secretarial assistance.\nM. Camilleri declares no competing interests. V. Stanghellini has acted as a speaker for Alfa Wassermann, Almirall, Angelini, Janssen, Shire, and Takeda. He has acted as a consultant for Alfa Wassermann, Almirall, Angelini, Aptalis, Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Norgine, Shire and Takeda. He has received research support from Alfa Wassermann, Almirall, Aptalis, Italchimici, Norgine, Shire and Sofar.\nAbout this article\nCite this article\nCamilleri, M., Stanghellini, V. Current management strategies and emerging treatments for functional dyspepsia. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 10, 187–194 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2013.11\nThis article is cited by\nSchweizer Gastroenterologie (2023)\nDigestive Diseases and Sciences (2022)\nAkupunktur & Aurikulomedizin (2018)\nAcupuncture and related therapies used as add-on or alternative to prokinetics for functional dyspepsia: overview of systematic reviews and network meta-analysis\nScientific Reports (2017)\nPathophysiological Abnormalities in Functional Dyspepsia Subgroups According to the Rome III Criteria\nAmerican Journal of Gastroenterology (2017)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Although many people love chubby newborn babies, the rise in “supersized” babies has doctors concerned.\nRecently, babies born weighing more than 13 pounds at birth have made headlines. Earlier this month, a British mom in Spain gave birth to a 13-pound, 11-ounce daughter. Baby Maria Lorena is the new record-holder for heaviest baby born naturally in Spain. In February, a British woman gave birth naturally to a 15-pound 7-ounce son named George, making him the second heaviest baby in U.K. history to be born naturally.\nAlthough heavy babies may run in some families, Harvard researchers at Children’s Hospital Boston found excess maternal weight gain is a strong predictor of high birth weight. The study was published in the British medical journal The Lancet.\nThe rising rates of obesity and higher rates of gestational diabetes that come with delay in childbearing are causing newborns to be heavier. Children who are born heavier have an increased risk of health issues, including a risk of obesity later in life.\n“Since high birth weight, in turn, increases risk for obesity and diseases such as cancer and asthma later in life, these findings have important implications to general public health,” co-author David Ludwig, a Harvard Medical School associate professor of pediatrics and director of the Optimal Weight for Life (OWL) program at Children’s Hospital Boston, told the Harvard Gazette. “It’s appropriate for a baby to be born with some fat, but a baby born too fat indicates that the fetus developed in an abnormal environment during the most critical nine months of life.”\nBabies weighing more than 4,000 grams or 8 pounds, 13 ounces are considered oversized. According to another report in the medical journal The Lancet, there’s been a 15 percent to 25 percent increase in babies born oversized in the past two or three decades in developed countries.\nThe study found that nearly 15 percent of babies born in Algeria, where maternal obesity is almost 30 percent, were oversized. Nearly 7 percent of babies born in China are considered oversized due to rising obesity rates among the Chinese.\nAlthough oversized babies are becoming a trend around the world, doctors have been addressing the issue in the United States for years. The efforts have led to the average weight of full-term newborns (not born in multiples) to drop to around 7 pounds.\nCaesarian sections for single babies in the United States have increased nearly 20 percent from 1996 to 2009, but the percent has remained around 32 percent since 2009.\nOversized babies can pose a risk for both mother and child during birth. The most common risk is shoulder dystocia. Average babies are born with their heads as the largest part of their body. However, oversized babies can have their shoulders grow to be larger than their head, which can cause the child to become stuck during delivery.\nAccording to Dr. Robert Barbieri, a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the Harvard Medical School and chief of obstetrics and gynecology at Harvard’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital, when babies get stuck during delivery, they can end up with fractured bones and can cause trauma to the mother.\nOverweight mothers are also at an increased risk to develop diabetes during pregnancy. High blood sugar can cause the fetus to be born with low blood sugar, which can delay growth in the fetus.\n“In some ways very large babies look more mature because of their size,” Dr. Hyagriv Simhan, chief of maternal fetal medicine and vice chairman for obstetrics at McGee Women’s Hospital at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, told NBC News. “But in terms of their lungs, they may be immature.”\nPregnant patients who are obese are encouraged by doctors to gain very little weight during pregnancy. There currently are clinical trials researching the impact of a drug that could help keep blood sugar low in pregnant women who are obese.\nThe heaviest baby born naturally according to “Guinness Book of World Records” was 23 pounds 12 ounces. Born to Canadian Anna Bates who was 7 foot 5.5 inches, the baby boy was 30 inches long and was born in her home in Seville, Ohio, on Jan. 19, 1879. The baby died 11 hours after birth. The heaviest baby to survive after childbirth weighed 22 pounds 8 ounces. Carmelina Fedele gave birth to the boy at Aversa, Italy, in September 1955.\n- The Pac-12 football season nears kickoff\n- Tips to get ready for a pain-free golf season\n- Protect your family with these 7 home security features\n- How to train like an Olympic swimmer\n- 2016 Olympics: A guide to must-see TV events\n- The bride's guide to feeling your best on your wedding day\n- Deciding when you need knee surgery\n- Celebrating Fourth of July is much cooler in these AZ towns\n- Top ten road trip bathrooms in America\n- Six things causing a pain in your neck\n- 5 things to make your summer move easier\n- Three elements of a strong timeshare exit guarantee\n- Stretches and exercises for carpal tunnel syndrome\n- The best Major League ballparks have their own personality\n- Comparing the best regular seasons: The '96 Bulls and '16 Warriors\n- 3 Arizona road trips and the vehicles to get you there\n- Colon cancer is preventable. Check these signs and symptoms to stay healthy.\n- 6 of the biggest skin cancer myths\n- Affordable small home makeover ideas\n- Locals helping locals: 6 success stories you need to know about\n- Sunscreen facts that could save your life\n- 6 energy saving hacks for your home\n- 5 tips for choosing a company to end your timeshare\n- Overlooked water tips to save you money\n- 5 of the most adored gentlemen in professional sports today\n- The real danger of sitting at your desk\n- Most surprising NBA playoff performances of the last 40 years\n- 11 classic baseball movies you must see again\n- Finally getting rid of fat: 3 methods that actually work\n- 4 reasons cancer survivors should focus on food", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Allegany County Department of Health is asking county residents to consider changing their normal holiday plans this year.\nALLEGANY COUNTY, N.Y. — As the number of COVID-19 cases continue to rise in the Western New York region, the Allegany County Department of Health is asking Allegany County residents to help stop the spread of the virus during the holiday season.\nThe Allegany County Department of Health is asking county residents to consider changing their normal holiday plans this year. The department of health is asking residents to consider having a small dinner with only those who live in your household, rather than having a large gathering of family and friends.\nTo further prevent the spread of COVID-19, the Allegany County Department of Health is recommending that Allegany County residents should ask family, friends and neighbors not to travel this Thanksgiving. In addition, any college students who are returning home should get a COVID-19 test before returning.\nThe department of health is also recommending the following low risk activities:\n- Prepare traditional recipes for family, friends and/or neighbors — especially those who are at high risk of severe illness from COVID-19 — and deliver the food in a way that doesn’t involve contact with others.\n- The department of health suggests leaving the food on their porch or doorway and calling to let them know it’s there. You can wave and talk from a distance.\n- Drop off a holiday food basket filled with family favorite recipes and the ingredients to make them.\n- Have a virtual dinner. Share recipes with friends and family so everyone can enjoy their favorites.\n- Send pictures of your holiday meal.\n- Shopping online rather than in person on Thanksgiving day or the days following.\n- Watch sports events, parades and movies from home.\n- Have a family game day.\nThe Allegany County Department of Health is reminding residents that when shopping for food for your holiday meal, to remember to wear a mask or face covering that covers your nose and mouth. Also remember to keep a social distance of six feet, to use hand sanitizer, and to try to shop when the stores are not busy.\nAny Allegany County residents who have general COVID-19 questions may contact the Allegany County Department of Health at (585)268-9250 for more information.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Some Minnesota clinics out of flu vaccine\nST. PAUL, Minn. (AP) — The Minnesota Health Departments says there is no shortage of flu vaccine in the state — although some people haven't been able to get flu vaccine from their primary care clinics.\nKris Ehresmann, the department's infectious disease director, says flu vaccine is still available. But she says you may have to work a little harder to find it, because your primary provider might not have any right away.\nAre you a newspaper subscriber but you don't have a Digital Access account yet? https://secure.forumcomm.com/?publisher_ID=40&event=subscriber/lookup.\nYou will need your subscription account number and phone number. Not sure if you have an account? Email us at firstname.lastname@example.org and we can help you.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Milton Keynes Eye Clinic Patient Support\nMilton Keynes Hospital\nH8 Standing Way,\nOur volunteers are present at the eye clinic on Thursday and Friday mornings.\nThere is also an ECLO service at MK Hospital which is delivered by the Sensory Advice Resource Centre. The ECLO is present on Wednesday and Friday mornings.\nOpen Monday to Friday, 8.30am to 5.00pm\nThe clinic is located at Outpatients Entrance 6\nTelephone: 01908 660 033 and ask for the Eye Clinic, ext 2829", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: An Emerging Health Threat in Aseer Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia\nObjective. The study aims to determine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii in Aseer Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods. This study evaluated the antibiotic susceptibility of ninety-four (n = 94) clinical isolates of A. baumannii. The isolates were collected from the south region of Saudi Arabia, and notably Aseer Region, during the period from 15 October 2014 to 15 January 2015. The isolates were tentatively identified as A. baumannii by routine bench tests and were confirmed by using VITEK® 2 Compact. The latest instrument was used to identify antibiotic susceptibility of these isolates. Results. Antibiotic susceptibility in this study showed that 69% of these isolates were multidrug-resistant strains. Moreover, they were highly resistant to carbapenem drugs. Several strains of these isolates were found to be extremely resistant to test antibiotics and were only sensitive to one or two of them. Conclusion. High rate of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii bacteraemia has emerged in the south region of Saudi Arabia as an important health problem. Therefore, it is considered as a new threat in hospitals, which requires a tremendous effort to stop its escalation and spread.\nAcinetobacter baumannii is a strictly aerobic, nonmotile, Gram-negative, nonfermentative, oxidase-negative, and catalase-positive organism. Within the healthcare settings, Acinetobacter baumannii has become a common pathogen, which can infect the respiratory tract, blood, soft tissues, and urinary tract of an individual. It is the etiological agent of nosocomial infections resulting in septicemia, meningitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, wound, and urinary tract infections [1, 2]. There are 32 Acinetobacter named and unnamed species, which have been identified . The Acinetobacter species cause infections, which are associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates [4, 5].\nA. baumannii is tolerant to wide ranges of temperature, pH, and humidity. Studies have shown that this bacterium can survive on dry surfaces for 5 months, posing a challenge to hospital infection control measures ; therefore, this pathogen is considered as progressively important nosocomial pathogen, which can cause outbreak of serious infections. Despite the fact that the organism is often nosocomial, initial infection can be transmitted by patients, admitted from other hospitals [6, 7].\nAlmost 25 years ago, A. baumannii was found to be resistant against antimicrobial drugs, such as aminopenicillins, cephalosporins, first- and second-generation cephalosporins, cephamycins, aminoglycosides, ureidopenicillins, chloramphenicol, and tetracyclines. Strains of A. baumannii have started to acquire resistance to newly developed antimicrobial drugs and become prevalent in many hospitals . More recently, the term “extensively drug-resistant” A. baumannii (XDRAB) has been used to characterize bacterial isolates resistant to all authorized antibiotics except two categories of antibiotic such as tigecycline and polymyxins .\nThe possibility of A. baumannii isolation from hospitalized patients is related to some important factors, such as bacterial colonization, medical staff-to-patient ratio, and other ward characteristics . The current study was designed to determine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii in Aseer Region. Bacterial strains were isolated from patients who attended Aseer Central Hospital, Aseer Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.\n2. Materials and Methods\n2. 1. Ethical Approval\nThis research was approved by Research Ethics Committee, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.\n2.2. Bacterial Isolates\n94 clinical isolates of A. baumannii were collected from the south region of Saudi Arabia and notably Aseer Region (Figure 1) during the period from 15 October 2014 to 15 January 2015. All these strains were initially isolated and identified in Aseer Central Hospital laboratory and were sent to Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, for further assessment.\n2.3. Media and Reagents\nTwo culture media were used in this experiment: blood agar (Oxoid Ltd., Basingstoke, and Hampshire, United Kingdom) and MacConkey agar (Oxoid). MacConkey agar was used as a selective and differential medium; while, blood agar was used for other processes, such as the sensitivity test. Biochemical reagents, such as catalase, oxidase, and indole, were used as initial identification tests.\n2.4. Bacterial Identification and Purification\nAll clinical isolates were cultured on blood and MacConkey agar and then tested for Gram staining to identify Gram reaction and bacterial morphology. In order to ensure that all isolates are pure, they were cultured several times. Several biochemical tests were undertaken to confirm that all these isolates were belonging to A. baumannii, such as catalase, oxidase, and indole tests. Identification of all strains was done, using the automated VITEK 2 system (bioMérieux) following manufacturer instructions as briefly described below.\n2.5. Antibiotic Susceptibility of A. baumannii\nAll isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility, using the automated VITEK 2 Compact system. All samples were cultured on blood agar, and then, a suspension was made for every isolate. Liquid suspension of all isolates was loaded on the VITEK system and left overnight to get the results. The next day, the results have illustrated the identification and antibiotic susceptibility of loaded samples.\nVITEK 2 system was used for authenticating names of Acinetobacter species as described by the manufacturer (bioMérieux Inc., Durham, NC 27712, USA). The VITEK card contains 64 wells, which hold different fluorescent biochemical assays. Out of the 64, 20 were carbohydrate assimilation; 4 were phosphatase, urea, nitrate, and actidione tests. The VITEK 2 machine controlled the card automatically including the filling, sealing, and then transferring the cards into the linked incubator (35°C). Each output report is decoded according to a particular algorithmic system. The acquired results were compared to the ID-GN (identification of Gram-negative bacteria) databank. In case of most known Acinetobacter species with a clear cut profile, the system led to a correct identification of the unknown organism.\n3.1. Identification of Tested Isolates\nColony characteristics of isolated colonies were obtained using blood and MacConkey agar. On MacConkey agar, colonies of A. baumannii appeared as a nonlactose fermenter. On blood agar, colonies of all isolates were appeared as nonpigmented, domed, and mucoid, with smooth-to-pitted surfaces in a diameter of 1-2 mm colonies. All strains of A. baumannii were found to be catalase positive and oxidase/indole negative. The isolates were tentatively identified as A. baumannii by routine bench tests and have been confirmed by using VITEK 2 Compact.\n3.2. Antibiotic Susceptibility of A. baumannii\nAntibiotic susceptibility testing has shown that 69% of these isolates were multidrug-resistant strains (Figure 1). 34 isolates were resistant to all antibiotics of interest and were only sensitive to colistin. The results have also shown that 15 of these isolates were only sensitive to colistin and a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, whereas 21 of isolates were sensitive to the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. One isolate and other two of them were resistant to all tested antibiotics except piperacillin and amikacin and tobramycin, respectively. The correlation between the number of isolates and their sensitivity to all tested antibiotics is shown in Figure 2.\nMultidrug-resistant A. baumannii is currently a major cause of respiratory infections in intensive care unit patients. However, Acinetobacter was identified as a low-virulent pathogen, which infects mostly immunocompromised hosts; however, the emergence of resistant strains to antibiotics over the past several years has increased. Therefore, the concern toward this phenomenon has increased as well. MDR A. baumannii is recognized as one of the most difficult nosocomial pathogens to be treated and controlled [11, 12].\nIn this study, multidrug-resistant and extensively resistant A. baumannii strains have been isolated and identified in the southern region of Saudi Arabia. The study has shown that 74% of these isolates are multidrug-resistant strains. Among these MDR strains, approximately 50% are extensively drug-resistant isolates, which are sensitive to colistin and resistant to all other drugs of choice. This should raise the concern toward this potentially dangerous pathogen. The most effective antibiotic with high spectrum to treat A. baumannii is colistin (60%) and then the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (46%); these rates of spectrums were approximately compatible with previous studies .\nA. baumannii isolates were extremely resistant to two carbapenem drugs: imipenem and meropenem. Among tested strains, only 5 (0.05%) and 4 (0.04%) isolates were susceptible to imipenem and meropenem, respectively. This process indicated that these isolates were more dangerous than previously identified MDR strains, which showed more than 90% susceptibility to both drugs .\nSusceptibility of A. baumannii to carbapenems showed a clear drop, and it denotes a main epidemiological worry. The resistance mechanism was found due to class D OXA-type enzymes (oxa-23 and oxa-24/40) with carbapenemase activity . This fact made the medical choices very limited mainly based on polymyxin combinations with other antibiotics. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. have been described from many parts of the world, and Saudi Arabia is not an exception . These authors examined 64 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates during 2013 and 2014 from four different medical centers in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. All the isolates were found to be resistant to ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin. They reported the emergence of ST236 in Saudi Arabia and Egypt and the spread of distinct carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii clones belonging to ST884, ST945, and ST1096 in Saudi Arabia . Another study revealed a detailed molecular analysis of many isolates from Saudi Arabia including the detection of OXA-58 gene in five isolates and other OXA genes . A number of studies must be undertaken to eliminate extra emergence and distribution of this potent pathogen across the country. Some molecular projects are being processed and designed to study the type of antibiotic-resistant genes in these strains.\nHigher rate of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii bacteraemia has emerged in the southern region of Saudi Arabia as an important health issue. Such a higher prevalence has now been considered as a new threat in the clinical settings, which requires a tremendous effort to stop its escalation and spread. The occurrence of Acinetobacter strains and the antimicrobial resistance degree continue to rise. The results among the patients, exposed to infections from these organisms, were discovered to be strong enough. Acinetobacter strains also indicated vast challenges for the healthcare facilities, public health, and elderly population.\nInformed consent has been obtained from the participants before starting the procedures.\nConflicts of Interest\nThe authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.\nThe authors would like to acknowledge microbiology staff at the laboratory of Aseer Central Hospital for their cooperation in passing these isolates to the laboratory.\nL. S. Young, A. L. Sabel, and C. S. Price, “Epidemiologic, clinical, and economic evaluation of an outbreak of clonal multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection in a surgical intensive care unit,” Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 1247–1254, 2007.View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar\nK. Montefour, J. Frieden, S. Hurst et al., “Acinetobacter baumannii: an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen in critical care,” Critical Care Nurse, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 15–25, 2008.View at: Google Scholar\nA. M. Al Jarousha, A. H. El Jadba, A. S. Al Afifi, and Iyad A. El Qouqa, “Nosocomial multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the neonatal intensive care unit in Gaza City, Palestine,” International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 623–628, 2009.View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar\nC. Çelik, M. Gözel, F. Dayı, and E. Gültürk, “Increasing antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial pathogens; multidrug-resistant extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,” Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 7–12, 2014.View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar\nC. C. Chang, C. H. Lu, C. R. Huang et al., “Culture-proven bacterial meningitis in elderly patients in southern Taiwan: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors,” Acta Neurologica Taiwanica, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 84–91, 2006.View at: Google Scholar\nS. Al-Obeid, L. Jabri, M. Al-Agamy, A. Al-Omari, and A. Shibl, “Epidemiology of extensive drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDRAB) at Security Forces Hospital (SFH) in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA),” Journal of Chemotherapy, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 156–162, 2015.View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar\nM. Aly, H. T. Tayeb, S. M. Al Johani et al., “Genetic diversity of OXA-51-like genes among multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,” European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 1223–1228, 2014.View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Neurology Medical Center, Physicians\nMike Kreidie, M.D., F.A.A.N.\nDr. Kreidie is a diplomate of the American Board of Psychiatry and\nHe holds a teaching position at the University of California, Irvine as\nan Associate Clinical Professor of Neurology. In addition, he held the position\nof President of the Orange County Neurological Society, and member of\nthe Scientific Advisory Panel in Neurology of the California Medical\nAssociation. He served as editor to the Lebanese Medical Journal, and\nScience and Technology Journal.\nDr. Kreidie is an author and publisher of medical and scientific\nDr. Kreidie graduated from college and medical school with honors and\nDr. Kreidie was instrumental in founding teaching training programs and\ntraining medical students, interns, and resident, while presenting many\nseminars on various medical subjects.\nAs a practicing neurologists, Dr. Kreidie was responsible for a wide\nvariety of cares, including traumatic injury cases to the brain and\nspine, stroke related illness, degeneration disease (Alzheimer's,\nParkinson's Disease), headache and pain syndrome, epilepsy, tumor, and\ninfections of the Nervous System.\nSpecial expertise and training were undertaken performing\nElectrodiagnostic Studies such as EEG, EMG, NCV, and EP's, as well as\nNeuro-Radiology and sleep related disorders.\nDr. Kreidie is well respected in his community, having served the\npopulation in Orange County since 1988.\nInternational College, American University of Beirut, with Honors.\nUniversity of Cairo, School of Medicine, with distinction, 1970\nInternship: Brooklyn Hospital, Down State Medical Center\nNew York University, New York, 1972-1973\nResidency: Martinez Veteran's Administration Hospital\nUniversity of California, Davis, 1973-1974- Surgery\nUniversity of Alabama, Burmingham, 1974-1977 Neurology\nCertification: Diplomate American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology\nFellow of the American Academy of Neurolegy\nQualified Medical Examiner\nPrivate Practice in Mission Viejo since 1989\nMission Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Mission Viejo, CA\nUCI Medical Center, Orange, CA,\nMission Hospital, Laguna Beach, CA\nPROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS HELD:\nAssociate Clinical Professor of Neurology, University of California,\nPresident, Orange County Neurological Society, 1993-1994, 2004-2005\nDiplomate, American Academy of Pain Management\nDiplomate, American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology\nMember, California Medical Association, Scientific Advisory Board.\nMember, American Medical Association\nFellow Member, American Academy of Neurology\nMember, Administrative Committee, UCI Medical Staff Association\nMember, San Diego Head Injury Foundation.\nACADEMIC AND TEACHING BACKGROUND:\nAssociate Clinical Professor at University of California, Irvine\nSupervisor, Epilepsy Clinic at University of California, Irvine\nMini-Fellowship on Sleep Disorders at University of California, Irvine\nVisiting Fellowship in Carotid Ultra Sound & Doppler at University\nof California, San Diego\nPublication, Article on localized Lipodystrophy (American Journal of\nMedical Director, Neurology Medical Center, California, U.S.A\nQualified Medical Examiner for the Sate of California, U.S.A.\nMedical Disability Evaluator for the Veterans Administration, Birmingham\nPrestigious memberships in the Medical Association.\nPioneered multiple educational papers and publishings of medical\nFounded and Directed Electrodiagnostic and Imaging Centers.\nSeminar on Multiple Sclerosis\nSeminar on Vertigo and Balance\nPresented a paper on Head Injury\nPresented a paper on Sleep Disorder\nSeminar on Neuro-ophthalmology\nLICENSE TO PRACTICE:\nTung Buu, D.C.\nDoctor of Chiropractic\nDoctor of Chiropractic, California State Board, 03/2000 Doctor of Chiropractic Degree, Los Angeles College of Chiropractic 1999 (LACC), Whittier, California Summa Cum Laude, 12/1999 Student at Frankfurt Volkshochschule in Computer Sciences and German Languages 1990-1994\nMedical Education: University of Saigon, Vietnam, School of Medicine, 1973-1978 Internship:, Cho-Ray Hospital\nPremed: The Faculty of Sciences, University of Saigon, Vietnam Major in Biology, 1972-1973\nLicenses, Awards and Distinctions\nX-Rays Supervision and Operation License, Department of Health, 2000\nDoctor of Chiropractic Diploma, 1999\nDeutsch Als Fremdsprache Zertifkikat, Goethe Institute, Frankfurt\nGermany, 1994 Physics-Chemistry-Biology Certificate, Saigon University, 1973\nMain Doctor, The Citi Health Group, Westminster, California 2002-present Instructor, South Baylo University Anaheim California: 2000-present Instructor, Department of Anatomy, LACC, 2000-present Tutor, Department of Physiology, LACC, 2000 present Main Doctor, The Family Health Group, Long Beach California 2000-2002 Associate Doctor, CK Chiropractic, San Diego, California 2000-2002 Internship at the Center of Rehabilitation, California State University at Northridge (CSUN): Exercise therapy on stroke and other brain injured patients.\nInternship at Doctor of Chiropractic Office, Long Beach CA 1999 Internship at LACC Health Center, Whittier CA 1999 Tutor and Teaching Assistant, department of Anatomy, LACC 1997-1999\nWorker Compensation & Personal Injury Cases. Chiropractic treatment, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation. Very experienced in Writing Medical/Chiropractic Report (W/C and P/I Cases) Instructor for Basic Sciences and Clinical Sciences, particularly in Human Anatomy, Physiology, and Nutrition. Internship in General Surgery\nYashruti, M.D., F.A.C.S.\nDiplomate, American Board of Orthopedic Surgery Fellow, American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons Fellow, American College of Surgeons\nMedical Degree, M.D. American University of Beirut, Lebanon, 1959\nIntership, American University Hospital, Beirut, 1957-1958\nResidency, Pathology & General Surgery Upstate Medical Center,\nSyracuse, New York, 1958-1960\nResidency, Orthopedic, Upstate Medical Center,\nSyracuse, New York, 1960-1961.\nResidency Orthopedic Surgery, Lexington, Kentucky, 1961-1963\nCalifornia, New York and Pennsylvania\nAcademic & Teaching Background:\nAssistant Clinical Professor, Orthopedic Surgery,\nUpstate Medical Center, Syracuse, New York, 1970-1986\nChief of Orthopedic Surgery, V.A. Hospital Medical Center\nSyracuse, New York, 1973-1978\nOrthopedic Surgery Staff, Community General Hospital,\nSyracuse, New York, 1970-1986\nOrthopedic Surgery Staff, University Hospital and Grouse Irving\nMemorial Syracuse, New York, 1970-1986.\nOrthopedic Surgery Staff, Chino Community Hospital,\nChino, California, 1986-present.\nOrthopedic Surgery Staff, Pomona Valley Hospital\nPomona, California, 1987-1989\nMember, California Orthopedic Association\nMember, Association of V.A. Surgeon Member, New York State Society of Orthopedic Surgeons Member, Easter Orthopedic Association\nOrthopedic Surgery, Syracuse, New York, 1970-1986\nOrthopedic Surgery, Chino, California, 1986-1988\nMedicolegal Practice, California, 1986-present", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "If you’re one of thousands of people who suffer from EMF sensitivity, the ability to get rid of your wireless router is one of the best reasons to embrace Cat6a cables.\nYou don’t really need Wi-Fi; with the right equipment, you can setup an Ethernet cable in every room you’ll work from. In addition to discouraging you from working on the couch, you’ll probably experience better sleep without your wireless router. That’s because melatonin – the substance that contributes to a good night’s sleep – is inhibited by the presence of electrosmog.\nAccording to Dr. Mercola, many people with high sensitivity have a high amount of heavy metals in their system. “If you have accumulated toxic metals in your brain, your brain becomes like an antenna, picking up more cell phone radiation, which in turn can cause the microbes in your system to overreact and create more potent mycotoxins,” Dr. Mercola states. “This can create a never-ending vicious cycle between the microbes and metals in your body and your exposure to electromagnetic fields, which can lead to hypersensitivity.”\nDo heavy metals cause your brain to function like an antenna? Does electrosmog inhibit melatonin? Does melatonin help sleeping (or the lack thereof, inhibit sleeping?)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a virus closely related to the SARS virus from 2002-03. Those affected may develop a fever, dry cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath. While the majority of cases result in mild symptoms, some can progress to pneumonia and multi-organ failure. The infection spreads from one person to others via respiratory droplets produced during coughing or sneezing. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has declared the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).\nThe disease was named COVID-19 by WHO in mid-February. This nomenclature is important to distinguish it from other forms of coronaviruses. Coronaviruses are fairly common and cause a variety of diseases in humans ranging from common cough and cold to severe pneumonia. Therefore, COVID-19 is a more accurate name for the disease caused by a specific strain of the fairly common coronavirus. However, several media outlets still use the term coronavirus. This nomenclature is wrong technically as it is a specific strain which leads to such a severe condition in humans. As an example, if someone is allergic to grapes, we do not say that the person is allergic to fruits because it is only a specific fruit to which the person is allergic to.\nAlessandro Vespignani, director at the Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical systems at the Northeastern University, has been working with researchers from all over the world to try and predict the potential spread of the disease. There is widespread panic relating to the spread of the disease. To control the situation, several steps have been taken by governments worldwide. These measures include the screening of passengers at the airport, setting up special helplines and special quarantines. Medical researchers are also working hard to develop a cure as soon as possible.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "MBBS, MS - General Surgery, MCh - Neurosurgery\nConsultant - Neurosurgery\n39 Years Of Experience Neurosurgeon, Spine Surgeon\nA Consultant at the department of Neurosurgery, Dr. Harshad Parekh has over two decades of rich professional experience in his field. Dr. Harshad Parekh has treated several patients suffering from neurological diseases in India and gives every patient the best of medical care. He has published several papers in India and abroad and is a member of prestigious medical associations. He believes in promoting health awareness and following a healthy lifestyle.\nConsult fees ₹ 3000", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "After years of trying different approaches to losing weight, we understand how frustrating it can be for you to go through the same old diet and exercise routines without seeing any significant difference. Sometimes losing excess body weight and keeping it off requires more than simply changing habits.\nWe understand bariatric surgery is a life-changing decision and our team at the Georgia Bariatric Center at Coliseum Northside Hospital will be with you every step of the way. We are committed to providing you with the personalized care and attention you deserve.\nWe want you to be as prepared and as comfortable as possible for your surgery and your new life. To help guide you through this process, we create a step-by-step plan to your surgery.\nCall our local Macon office at (478) 746-4646 or fill out the contact form below:\nOur weight loss surgery options\nGeorgia Bariatric Center at Coliseum Northside Hospital is excited to offer you the latest weight loss surgery options. We offer a comprehensive program featuring several safe and highly effective minimally invasive weight loss surgery options, including gastric balloon, gastric sleeve and lap-band surgery.\nBariatric surgery alters the digestive process or reduces the amount of food the stomach can hold. There are a variety of bariatric options available today for treatment:\n- Gastric balloon is placed into the stomach endoscopically without surgery. The balloon takes up space in the stomach, thereby making the patient eat less.\n- Lap-band surgery is an adjustable band that is surgically placed around the top of the stomach that essentially functions like an hour glass. The band can be adjusted in the office to control the rate that food empties, providing a feeling of satisfaction after a small meal and affect hormones that regulate hunger.\n- Robotic gastric sleeve is a minimally invasive surgery in which the surgeon removes about 75 percent of the stomach though a minimally invasive, robotic procedure. What remains of the stomach is a narrow tube or sleeve, which connects to the intestines normally. The stomach becomes much smaller, therefore food intake is restricted. Gastric sleeve is a simpler operation than gastric bypass and provides the patient with a lower risk of complications. Because the intestines are not affected, gastric sleeve does not affect how your body absorbs food or vitamins and minerals, so you're not likely to fall short on nutrients. However, watching protein intake and taking vitamins is generally recommended to maintain good health.\n- Gastric Bypass (Laparoscopic and Robotic) is a surgery in which the surgeon creates a smaller stomach pouch and reroutes part of the small intestine. As a result, food bypasses a large portion of the stomach and some of the small intestine. Patients feel full sooner and do not absorb as many calories.\nWeight loss surgery education\nThe education and support does not end after surgery; support groups and clinic visits are also available. The Center focuses on providing you with all the tools necessary for success to have a new healthy life.\nWeight loss can not only improve your quality of life, but also prevent or lower your risk of developing life-threatening diseases. If your BMI is 35+, the threshold for obesity, and you have one or more serious health conditions, you may want to consider this effective weight loss solution.\nBest of all, losing weight can lower your risk of developing diabetes, high blood pressure, arthralgia, back and joint pain. If you have these or other health conditions, losing excess weight may improve or even resolve these conditions.\nAttend an information session\nFree information seminars are provided quarterly for patients interested in seeking bariatric surgery as a weight loss option. We will cover surgery options, risks and benefits of the procedure and what your next steps are to begin the process. It is an informal discussion with time made available for questions and answers.\nCall (478) 746-4646 to register to attend a FREE seminar.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "ATLANTA – The average time that hospital emergency rooms patients wait to see a doctor has grown from about 38 minutes to almost an hour over the past decade, according to new federal statistics released Wednesday.\nThe increase is due to supply and demand, said Dr. Stephen Pitts, the lead author of the report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\n“There are more people arriving at the ERs. And there are fewer ERs,” said Pitts, an associate professor of emergency medicine at Atlanta’s Emory University.\nOverall, about 119 million visits were made to U.S. emergency rooms in 2006, up from 90 million in 1996 – a 32 percent increase.\nMeanwhile, the number of hospital emergency departments dropped to fewer than 4,600, from nearly 4,900, according to American Hospital Association statistics.\nAnother reason for crowding is patients who are admitted to the hospital end up waiting in the ER because of the limited number of hospital beds, Pitts added.\nA shortage of surgical specialists also contributes. So, too, does the difficulty many patients have in getting appointment to doctor’s offices – which causes some to turn to emergency departments, experts said.\n“It takes me a month to get an appointment for my own doctor, and I’m a physician, for God’s sake,” said Dr. Ricardo Martinez, an Atlanta trauma physician. He is executive vice president of Schumacher Group, an organization that manages about 140 hospital emergency departments.\nThe amount of time a patient waited before seeing a physician in an ER has been rising steadily, from 38 minutes in 1997, to 47 minutes in 2004, to 56 minutes in 2006.\nPitts added that 56 minutes may be the average, but it’s not typical: The average was skewed to nearly an hour because of some very long waits.\n“Half of people had waiting times of 31 minutes or less,” Pitts noted.\nResearchers also found that there has not been any recent increases in the number of patients arriving by ambulance, or in the number of cases considered to be true emergencies.\nBlack patients visited emergency departments at twice the rate as whites in 2006. Among age groups, the highest visitation rates were for infants and elderly people aged 75 and older.\nAbout 40 percent of ER patients had private insurance, about 25 percent were covered by state programs for children and about 17 percent were covered by Medicare, the report found. About 17 percent were uninsured.\nSome more findings: Summer and winter were the busiest season in ERs, and the early evening – around 7 p.m. – tended to be the busiest time of day. There were geographic differences as well, with hospitals in the South having the highest ER visitation rates.\nAlso, half of hospital admissions in 2006 came through emergency departments, up from 36 percent in 1996.\n“The ER has become the front door to the hospital,” said Pitts, a fellow at the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics.\nSome doctors said the report supports a call for increased governmental funding for hospital emergency services.\n“Millions more people each year are seeking emergency care, but emergency departments are continuing to close, often because so much care goes uncompensated,” Dr. Linda Lawrence, president of the American College of Emergency Physicians, said in a statement.\n“This report is very troubling, because it shows that care is being delayed for everyone, including people in pain and with heart attacks,” her statement added.\nThe results are based on a national survey of 362 hospital emergency departments.\nOn the Net:\nThe CDC report: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "I was just wondering, as a diabetic do we have a greater chance of basic problems with our feet.. Arthritis? I have recently injured my big toe (a bottle fell on it). The swelling is gone, the burse is gone and I am still having minimal pain, little tingle like nerve pain. I did not see a dr. but now I am wondering if I should have?\nNext Discussion: Just saying hi »", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Upgrade to remove ads\nEndocrine System (lecture)\nTerms in this set (10)\nC. the thymus produces hormone (thymosin), but it belongs to the lymphatic system\nWhich of the following is not a \"true\" endocrine organ?\nA. pineal body\nB. pituitary gland\nD. adrenal gland\nE. parathyroid gland\nD. the kidney produces an exocrine product (urine) and two hormones (renin and erythropoietin).\nWHich one of the following is a mixed (endocrine/exocrine) organ?\nWhich organ is matched with a hormone that it manufacture ?\nA. adrenal gland-ACTH (adreocorticotropic hormone)\nB. thyroid gland-thyrotropin\nC. posterior lobe of pituitary gland-oxytocin\nD. small intestine-secretion\nE. stomach-gastric inhibitory polypeptide\nB. A. is wrong because the hypothalamus produce more hormone thatn the pituitary gland. The problem with D is that ADH and oxytocin (produced by the hypothalamus) do not target the anterior pituitary gland.\nWhich statement is true regarding the pituitary gland?\nA. It produces more hormones than any other structure in the body .\nB. It manufactures seven hormone and releases nine into the bloodstream\nC. It is suspended from the mesecephalon by a stalk of tissue termed the infundibulum.\nD. It serves as a target for all of the hormones produced by the hypothalamus\nE. if more than one of the above are true choos this response.\nE. The thyroid gland is just inferior to the larynx.\nWhich statement is false regarding the thyroid gland ?\nA. Its enlargement is called a goiter\nB. it consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus\nC. It produces T3, thryoxine and calcitonin\nD. The parathyroid glands are embedded in it\nE. It is positioned just above the larynx on the anterior aspect of the of the neck\nF. All of them are correct\nParathryroid hormone elevates blood calcium leels by decreasing calcium loss in the urine, increasing the absorption of calcium from the small intestine, and by incresing the reabsorption of bone tissue by osteoclasts. Which one of the following is not a logical sequel to chronic hyperparathyroidism ?\nA. increased release of calcitonin ( a hormone that decreases blood calcium levels)\nB. weakened bone\nC. loose teeth\nE. hyperphosphaturia ( increased phosphate loss in urine)\nF. If all are good choose F.\nD. Hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones can cause it.\nWhich statement regarding the adrenal gland is false?\nA. its cortex is divided into three named layers\nB. it produces atecholamines and steroid hormones\nC. its medulla releases epinephrine and norepiephrine\nD. hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones produces a condition called cushings syndrome\nE. each adrenal gland is positioned on the superior end of a kidney adjacent to the muscles of the back\nE. Autocrine and paracrine regulators are biochemicals that do not fit the definition of hormones because they act within the same organ that produced them\nWhich statement regarding hormones is false?\nA. most hormones are proteins or polypeptides\nB. All hormones are carried to their targets by the bloodstream\nC. hormones are secreted in minute quantities and are rapidly inactivated by being converted to other compounds\nD. only the testis ovary and adrenal gland produce steroid hormones\nE. autocrine and paracrine regulators are hormones\nC. A and B both refer to the hypothalamohypohysial tract and E. is wrong because the portal system ends in the anterior lobe of the hypophysis (pituitary gland)\nThe hypothalamohypophysial portal system....\nA. terminates in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland\nB. consists of axons of neurosecretory cells\nC. carries a number of hypothalamic hormones to their target\nD. is also known as the hypothalamohypophyisial tract\nE. begins in the hypophysis and consists of blood vessels\nC. The kidney produces erythropoietin and renin.\nWhich structure produces more than one hormone?\nA. parathyroid gland\nB. pineal gland\nTHIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...\nCardiovascular System ( lecture)\nLymphatic System ( Lecture )\nLab 5 Human Anatomy UVU\nYOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE...\nmed term endocrine organs set 4\nUnit 13 Endocrine System - hormones only\nUnit 13 Endocrine System\nChapter 16 Endocrine System Test\nOTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR\nSeries 7 Master Study Guide\nRegulation Section 2: Securities Exchange Act of 1…", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Negative news is sensationalized, tragic acts hyped and anything that seems to be scary, gloomy or contradictory becomes popular amongst all of us immediately. There is plenty of research and data available supporting the fact that hostility, anger, depression, anxiety and isolation elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease. But are you all aware that the reverse is also true? Laughing aloud, a sense of humor and happiness are great ways to decrease stress hormone, reduce artery inflammation and increase HDL levels. Alongside reducing stress and tension it is also recommended to increase your laughter and happiness levels. According to the American Heart Association (AHA), the positive effects of laughter last 24 hours and there are several ways in which laughter can pave way to a healthier heart.\nLaughing out loudly increases blood flow\nLaughter increases blood flow by dilating inner lining of blood vessels known as the endothelium. When a person laughs, the act induces the release of beta-endorphins in the hypothalamus which in turn leads to the release of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide befriends the heart by dilating blood vessels, reducing inflammation and preventing formation of cholesterol plaque. Researchers in fact compare the changes in the endothelium caused due to laughter to be similar to the benefits of aerobic exercise or the use of cholesterol-lowering drugs such as statins. The only difference is that laughter is a reflex action that has an immediate effect unlike exercise or drugs.\nYour ‘HaHa’ & ‘HoHo’ Decrease Stress Hormones\nLaughing out aloud can indeed decrease stress hormones such as cortisol and epinephrine which are explained clearly in the website www.firsteatright.com. This advantage remains as a great value addition as otherwise stress causes blood vessels to constrict.\nLaughing Enhances Immune System Functioning\nOur immune system plays a pivotal role in safeguarding our body against diseases and disorders. This puts us in a critical position of keeping our immune system in the right form for performing their function properly. Laughing out increases the number of antibody-producing cells which increases the strength of the immune system.\nBesides these, laughter reduces the negative response to stress and causes blood vessels in the body (this includes the heart too) to increase blood flow. These are some of the many benefits of laughter explored by researchers. There is also certain study material available that point out the fact that laughing out aloud can reduce the risk of heart attack.\nWhen such are the crucial benefit of laughter, it’s better that we take efforts to laugh. For instance, we can try to look at the lighter/brighter side of things, watch something comical on TV or go to a comedy movie or try spending more time with loved ones who can make you laugh and be happy. Ultimately, we need to increase the happy hormones in our body, decrease the stress hormones and achieve the right balance of antibodies to safeguard our immune system.\nAVOID FRAUD. EAT SMART.\n+91 7846 800 800\nDietitian & Nutritionist Dr. Nafeesa Imteyaz.\nDr. Nafeesa's Blog @blogspot\n- Written Testimonials\nDiet & Nutrition\n- Diabetes Reversal\n- IVF IUI not needed for PCOS PCOD Infertility\nDisease & Conditions\n- Infertility | PCOS\n- Diabetes Mellitus\n- Kidney Problems\n- Cardiovascular Diseases\n- Liver Diseases\n- Gastro intestinal disorder\n- Metabolic Disorders\n- Orthopedic Disorders\n- Eating Disorders\n- Dietary Recall\n- Weight Record Filled By Clients\n- Online Payment Transaction Details\n- Online Clients Weight Check Form\n- Our Program Package Service Charges\n- Weight Record 2017 Clients\n- Measurements sent by Clients\n- Terms & Conditions Of Payment\n- Thanks. Your Form is Submitted\n- Video Testimonials\n- Lifestyle & Wellness\n- Lifestyle & Wellness Blog\n- Allergy & Intolerance\n- Weight Loss / Gain\n- Weight Loss / Slimming Blog\n- Disease & Conditions >\n- Life Cycle Nutrition >\n- Sports Nutrition >\n- Integrity in Nutrition\n- Knowledge Centre\n© COPYRIGHT 2022. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FRST HEALTHCARE PVT LTD.\nDr. Nafeesa Imteyaz of First Eat Right clinic, is the Best Dietitian Nutritionist in Bangalore. Best Dietitian Nutritionist in Pune. Best Dietitian Nutritionist in Hyderabad. Best Dietitian Nutritionist in Chennai. Best Dietitian Nutritionist in Mumbai. Best Dietitian Nutritionist in Delhi. Best Dietitian Nutritionist in Kolkata.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Herpes: what you need to know about this family of viruses\nLAST UPDATED: Oct 22, 2019\n6 MIN READ\nHERE'S WHAT WE'LL COVER\nYou probably didn’t want to be searching about herpes today, did you? Before you wipe your browser history, let’s answer your burning, itching questions about herpes, its symptoms, and what to do if you think you have it.\nWhat is herpes?\nMost people, when they say “herpes,” are referring to genital herpes. (You can skip ahead to everything about genital herpes if you’re worried about that sexually transmitted infection.) Herpes is actually the name for a whole family of viruses that cause a wide range of diseases. Called herpesviridae, members of this virus family are responsible for causing chickenpox, shingles, genital herpes, oral herpes (cold sores), and mononucleosis (“mono”), among many other diseases.\nThe name herpes comes from the Greek word herpein, which means “creeping” or “to creep.” This is in reference to the blisters that spread across the skin in many of the diseases that herpesviruses cause. And before you think the Greeks were ancient, humans and the herpesviruses go way back, back to even before we were human. Researchers at UCSD discovered that HSV-1 and HSV-2, the viruses that cause cold sores and genital herpes, infected Homo erectus, a precursor to modern humans, over 1.6 million years ago (Smith, 2014).\nHow many different types of herpes affect humans? How common are they?\nNine members of the herpesviridae virus family are known to infect humans. Conveniently, eight of them have been given the name human herpesvirus (HHV) and are numbered one through eight. The ninth—Herpes B virus—is incredibly rare but technically does infect humans. Let’s go over this fact sheet of the different viruses in this family.\nAlso known as herpes simplex virus-1 or HSV-1, this virus causes oral herpes (cold sores). HSV-1 is commonly spread person to person through kissing, sharing utensils, glasses, cups, water bottles, towels, lip balm, or razors, or through oral sex. It also causes some cases of genital herpes. It’s estimated that 3.7 billion people worldwide are infected by HHV-1. Learn more about cold sores here (WHO, 2017).\nAlso known as herpes simplex virus-2 or HSV-2, this virus causes genital herpes. HSV-2 infections are commonly transmitted from person to person during oral sex, anal sex, or vaginal sex. Genital herpes is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs), affecting more than 500 million people worldwide. Learn more about genital herpes here.\nAlso known as varicella-zoster virus or VZV, this virus causes chickenpox and shingles. Chickenpox is the form of the disease during the initial infection, and shingles occurs when it reactivates. Most people in the United States have either been vaccinated or were infected with VZV as a child. It’s estimated that 1 in 3 people will have shingles over their lifetime. There are effective vaccines for both chickenpox and shingles. Learn more about chickenpox and shingles here.\nAlso known as the Epstein-Barr virus or EBV, this virus causes infectious mononucleosis (“mono” or IM) among other diseases. EBV is tremendously prevalent—approximately 90–95% of all adults have previously been infected with EBV (Dunmire, 2018). EBV has also been associated with the development of certain cancers, including B and T cell lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.\nAlso known as cytomegalovirus or CMV, this virus can commonly cause a mononucleosis-like syndrome. In people with compromised immune systems and newborns, however, CMV can cause a whole host of serious problems. CMV infections in a fetus can cause hearing loss, cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, vision impairment, and seizures. In people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), CMV can infect the retina and cause vision loss, in a disease called CMV retinitis (Goldberg, 2015). CMV is also very common—in the United States, around 6 in 10 people have been infected with CMV before (Staras, 2006).\nA virus with two subtypes, HHV-6A and HHV-6B, HHV-6 infects most children before age 2. The classic manifestation of an HHV-6 infection is called roseola infantum and causes a high fever for three to five days and is followed by a rash. HHV-6 infections usually result in only a minor illness. In the United States, over 90% of children have been infected by age 2 (Zerr, 2005).\nHHV-7 infections are generally asymptomatic, but in the rare cases it does cause symptoms, it behaves like HHV-6. Over 95% of adults have been infected with HHV-7 (Wyatt, 1991).\nHHV-8 infections are also usually asymptomatic in healthy people. More significantly, HHV-8 is associated with Kaposi sarcoma, a type of cancer of the blood vessels. Kaposi sarcoma is rare but can be seen in people with HIV once they have progressed to AIDS, transplant recipients, and cancer patients on chemotherapy.\nB virus is an extremely rare form of herpes that comes from macaque monkeys. Only 50 cases of B virus have ever been documented, and only one case occurred from human-to-human contact (Cohen, 2019; CDC, 2019). Symptoms include fever, chills, muscle aches, fatigue, and headache. When B virus progresses, it can lead to severe brain damage and death.\nWhat is genital herpes?\nLet’s dive deeper into genital herpes, one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. Genital herpes is caused by a viral infection, primarily by herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), but can also be caused by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), the virus that also causes cold sores (oral herpes). The symptoms of genital herpes can vary significantly from person to person. Some people infected with genital herpes can have mild symptoms or no symptoms at all. Others experience severe, painful ulcers on their genitals, itching or burning with urination, fever, headache, flu-like symptoms, and swollen, painful lymph nodes.\nHere are the facts you need to know about genital herpes:\nGenital herpes typically looks like small pimples or blisters that will turn into painful ulcers or open sores. Herpes sores are found on the genitals and throughout the groin area. Over time, they will crust over and then form a scab. This lasts about 2–3 weeks before going away. The first time you get symptoms is usually the worst.\nYou can get recurrences of genital herpes multiple times a year. Stress, other illnesses, decreased immunity, sunlight, and fatigue can trigger recurrent herpes outbreaks.\nHSV-2 infections are commonly transmitted during oral sex, anal sex, or vaginal sex. The highest chance of transmitting an HSV-2 infection is during an outbreak, but even when there are no symptoms, there’s still a chance of spreading the virus to your sexual partner. You can’t get infected from a toilet seat.\nLatex condoms can reduce the risk of transmitting HSV-2, but there’s no way of eliminating the risk completely except through complete abstinence from sexual contact.\nThere are a few tests available to test for genital herpes. A viral culture tries to grow the virus from a swab of a suspected blister. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test tries to amplify and isolate viral DNA from a sample. Serological tests use a blood test to see if your immune system has responded to the infection.\nThere are three antiviral medicines commonly used to treat genital herpes—acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir (brand name Valtrex; see Important Safety Information). These medications are taken by mouth and can be used on an ongoing basis to prevent outbreaks, or they can be used to shorten an episode when taken at the first sign or symptom of an outbreak of herpes.\nWhat is oral herpes?\nOral herpes, also called herpes labialis, is caused by a viral infection that causes small, painful blisters around the mouth and on the lips during an outbreak. These blisters—commonly called cold sores or fever blisters—are primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). HSV-1 is extremely common—worldwide, it’s estimated that 3.7 billion people are infected with HSV-1 (Looker, 2015).\nHere are the facts you need to know about oral herpes:\nSymptoms of oral herpes include small, fluid-filled blisters in and around the mouth that last around 1–2 weeks before going away. The first outbreak you get is usually the worst.\n20–40% of those infected with HSV-1 will have recurrent cold sores (Spruance, 1977).\nHSV-1 is transmitted from person to person via contact with sores, skin-to-skin contact, oral contact, or infected saliva. It’s common to spread HSV-1 through kissing, sharing utensils, glasses, cups, water bottles, towels, lip balm, or razors, or through oral sex.\nYou’re most infectious during an outbreak. However, you can still infect others with HSV-1 even if you don’t have any symptoms of oral herpes.\nUsually, healthcare providers diagnose cold sores just by their physical exam, no testing required\nTreatment options include oral as well as topical antiviral medicines for episodic treatment of an oral herpes outbreak.\nWhy is there no cure for herpes?\nHerpesviruses share a trait that makes them very difficult to deal with. They are very good at evading your immune system (Huang, 2015). First, they have the ability to go into a latent phase, during which they hide out without doing much replication or damage to your cells. Second, they affect the MHC system, which allows them to hide in plain sight and lie to your immune system, telling it that the cells they infected are completely normal cells. Finally, some herpesviruses can use your cellular machinery to create a protein called cmvIL-10, which suppresses your immune system (Spencer, 2002).\nBecause of their stealth abilities, herpesviruses are usually lifelong infections. Your immune system is usually able to keep them in check and prevent them from causing symptoms of herpes infections most of the time. But when your immune system is compromised, or when you’re dealing with another illness, the virus can come back and wreak havoc. However, there are antiviral medications that can effectively treat herpesvirus infections.\nIf you have any medical questions or concerns, please talk to your healthcare provider. The articles on Health Guide are underpinned by peer-reviewed research and information drawn from medical societies and governmental agencies. However, they are not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (January 31, 2019). B Virus (herpes B, monkey B virus, herpesvirus simiae, and herpesvirus B). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/herpesbvirus/index.html\nCohen, J. I. (January 23, 2019). B virus infection: Pathogenesis and Epidemiology. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/b-virus-infection#H2\nDunmire, S. K., Verghese, P. S., & Balfour, H. H. (2018). Primary Epstein-Barr virus infection. Journal of Clinical Virology , 102 , 84–92. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.03.001. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29525635\nGoldberg, D. E., Smithen, L. M., Angelilli, A., & Freeman, W. R. (2005). HIV-Associated Retinopathy In The HAART Era. Retina , 25 (5), 633–649. doi: 10.1097/00006982-200507000-00015. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16077362\nHuang, T., & Osterrieder, N. (2015). The herpesvirus stealth program. Oncotarget , 6 (26), 21761–21762. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.5261. Retrieved from https://www.oncotarget.com/article/5261/\nLooker, K. J., Magaret, A. S., May, M. T., Turner, K. M. E., Vickerman, P., Gottlieb, S. L., et al. (2015). Global and Regional Estimates of Prevalent and Incident Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infections in 2012. PLOS One , 10 (10). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140765. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26510007\nSmith, M. D., Kosakovsky Pond, S. L., Smith, D. M., & Scheffler, k. (2014, June 10). Herpes Infected Humans Before They Were Human. UC San Diego Health . Retrieved from https://health.ucsd.edu/news/releases/Pages/2014-06-10-herpes-origins-in-chimpanzees.aspx\nSpencer, J. V., Lockridge, K. M., Barry, P. A., Lin, G., Tsang, M., Penfold, M. E. T., et al. (2002). Potent Immunosuppressive Activities of Cytomegalovirus- Encoded Interleukin-10. Journal of Virology , 76 (3), 1285–1292. doi: 10.1128/jvi.76.3.1285-1292.2002. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11773404\nSpruance, S. L., Overall, J. C., Kern, E. R., Krueger, G. G., Pliam, V., & Miller, W. (1977). The Natural History of Recurrent Herpes Simplex Labialis. New England Journal of Medicine , 297 (2), 69–75. doi: 10.1056/nejm197707142970201. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/194157\nStaras, S. A., Dollard, S. C., Radford, K. W., Flanders, W. D., Pass, R. F., & Cannon, M. J. (2006). Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Infection in the United States, 1988-1994. Clinical Infectious Diseases , 43 (9), 1143–1151. doi: 10.1086/508173. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17029132\nWorld Health Organization (WHO). (January 31, 2017). Herpes simplex virus. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/herpes-simplex-virus\nWyatt, L. S., Rodriguez, W. J., Balachandran, N., & Frenkel, N. (1991). Human herpesvirus 7: antigenic properties and prevalence in children and adults. Journal of Virology , 65 (11), 6260–6265. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=1656093\nZerr, D. M., Meier, A. S., Selke, S. S., Frenkel, L. M., Huang, M.-L., Wald, A., et al. (2005). A Population-Based Study of Primary Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection. New England Journal of Medicine , 352 (8), 768–776. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa042207. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15728809", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "What Is Leaky Gut? (and 10 natural ways to help fix it)\nIt’s unavoidable. The more invested you are in your health, the more consumed you will become in this critically important part of your body. I’m talking about your gut. Yep, there it is: as you’ve probably heard a thousand times… good health begins in the gut. And that also means preventing “leaky gut.”\nThis is because the gut is a hub for digestion, absorption, immune function, mood regulation, brain function, heart health, and so on. The gut has been linked to so many different functions of the body, it is often referred to by medical professionals as the “second brain.” So, it only makes sense to make sure it’s in tip-top shape.\nWhat is Leaky Gut?\nHow can you ensure your gut is healthy? Unfortunately, the gut is not like our hair or skin where we can physically see if it is healthy or not. Regardless, there are many factors which, over time, can cause the structure of the gut to become compromised, specifically when it comes to the gut lining or epithelium.\nThe intestinal epithelium is composed of a single layer of cells which have “tight junctions.” These tight junctions are protein structures that regulate the permeability of the intestine and selectively allow water and nutrients to pass through to be used throughout the body. 1 However, over time, these junctions can become “loose,” causing increased intestinal permeability, otherwise known as “leaky gut.” This means our once strong barrier between the gut and the bloodstream becomes weakened and unrefined. Now bacteria and toxins can leak into the bloodstream.\nLeaky gut can cause an array of issues, including inflammation, bloating, fatigue, digestive issues, skin problems, and even stimulate an immune reaction to fend off the unknown particles entering the bloodstream. 2 This is concerning for overall health as leaky gut often accompanies other chronic health conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, skin conditions, migraines, food sensitivities, brain fog, chronic fatigue, celiac disease, and type 1 diabetes. 3,4,5\n7 Things That Can Cause Leaky Gut\nDespite recent attention revolving around leaky gut, research still needs to be done to truly understand what causes leaky gut and how we can treat it. Until then, professionals have a few suspect sources that can contribute to developing a leaky gut:\nStress has long been known to wreak havoc on the body as it can disrupt almost every system. When you’re stressed out, so is your body. However, when your body is stressed, it amps up your immune system, creating inflammation. Inflammatory flares cause wear on your digestive system and intestinal epithelium. 6\nNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin and ibuprofen have been shown to increase intestinal permeability. This is because NSAIDs appear to be toxic to the intestinal epithelium, potentially causing erosion and ulcers. 7\n3. Excessive Alcohol\nAlcohol consumption is regularly associated with increased intestinal permeability. This is because ethanol metabolism results in the formation of acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde then damages the epithelium, which can result in excessive endotoxin (i.e., a toxin in a bacterial cell that’s released as the cell disintegrates, which can then lead to disease) passage through the bloodstream. 8,9\n4. Processed Foods & Excessive Sugar\nProcessed foods are typically high in pro-inflammatory ingredients such as refined vegetable oils and carbohydrates. These lead to the growth of unhealthy gut bacteria that are linked to many chronic issues, including leaky gut. Further, a diet high in sugar, particularly added sugar in the form of fructose, harms the barrier function of the intestinal wall, thus causing increased permeability. 10,11\n5. Nutrient Deficiencies\nWhen you aren’t regularly consuming a varied diet filled with colorful fruits and veggies, it’s easy to develop nutrient deficiencies. Not getting all your essential nutrients can then harm the gut. Research has found that being deficient in certain nutrients such as zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin D can undermine the proteins in the epithelial lining, resulting in leaky gut. 12,13\nGluten is composed of proteins found in certain grains, such as wheat, rye, and barley. When you eat gluten, your small intestine may trigger the release of zonulin. Zonulin is a protein that regulates the tight junctions of your intestinal wall. However, releasing too much zonulin can cause these junctions to loosen, especially in people who are more sensitive, potentially creating increased intestinal permeability and leaky gut. 14,15\n7. Overall Poor Gut Health\nPoor gut health and an unhealthy gut microbiome can lead to gut infections and leaky gut. Low levels of good gut bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus have been associated with increased intestinal permeability. 16 Also, when you ignore your gut health, infections such as Candida overgrowth can develop. Candida is yeast that naturally lives in your body in small amounts. But it can get overproduced and cause the breakdown of the intestinal walls, allowing it to penetrate the bloodstream. 17\n10 Ways to Help Fix Leaky Gut Naturally\nIf you suspect you could be suffering from increased intestinal permeability (i.e., leaky gut), then you may want to begin paying more attention to your gut. Afterall, this is all the focus in the health community and will be for a long time to come. So if you haven’t already, it’s time to jump on the good gut bandwagon.\nAgain, as previously mentioned, more research still needs to be done to fully understand leaky gut and what to do about it. Nevertheless, there are several steps you can take that may improve gut health. Even if you don’t think your gut’s leaky, everyone can benefit from strengthening the framework and diversity of the gut. Not only will you feel better, but you may also boost your health as a whole.\nConsider the following your Good Gut Guide:\n- Avoid or at least limit processed foods. As noted above, a diet high in processed foods can decrease the diversity of your gut microbiome and create gut dysbiosis (or a microbial imbalance within the gut). Steering toward more natural and fresh foods will keep your gut healthy and happy.\n- Cut down the added sugar. Added sugar is a known dietary evil, causing issues such as accelerated aging, weight gain, and increased risk for heart disease. But sugar also has a negative effect on your gut. Eating too much sugar can result in decreased microbiota diversity and inflammation. (Please note, the sugar found naturally in foods such as fresh fruits and dairy isn’t the problem—it’s the addition of refined sugars found so abundantly in processed foods that you’ll want to limit or remove.)\n- Eat Fermented Foods. Fermented foods aid in the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. Some good sources include:\n- Supplement Your Gut. Supplements can be a great way to jumpstart your way to a healthier gut. Probiotics, for example, may provide the gut with beneficial bacteria. BioTRUST’s ProX10 has 10 billion CFU daily of SIX “super strains” of probiotics.\n- Get Plenty of Sleep. Not getting enough sleep or having poor quality sleep can disrupt your gut, and those who typically don’t get a good night’s rest have lower microbiota diversity. It is recommended that adults get at least seven hours of sleep each night.\n- Hydrate. Staying properly hydrated is critical for the body to function properly. Further, drinking enough water helps lubricate joints, deliver nutrients, and is beneficial to mucosal lining of the intestines. Staying hydrated is also important for the balance of good bacteria in the gut. As we get older, we are at a higher risk of dehydration because older adults do not sense thirst as readily. It is recommended that the average healthy adult drink at least eight 8-ounce glasses of water a day—and 9 to 12 cups per day is an even better goal.\n- De-stress. It is so easy to become overwhelmed and stressed in day-to-day life. However, it is important to take the time to lower your stress levels by going for a walk, socializing with friends, practicing mindful breathing, or anything else that helps you manage your stress. This is because stress has been shown to contribute to dysbiosis and intestinal permeability.\n- Eat Mindfully. Eating on the go has become a norm as our schedules continue to fill up. However, taking the time to sit down and enjoy your food has been shown to be beneficial to gut health. This is because eating slowly allows your body to properly digest your food and helps avoid gut discomfort.\n- Eat Your Veggies. Many vegetables are high in fiber, which acts as food for your good gut bacteria. Plus, vegetables contain vitamins and minerals, which help maintain a strong framework for your gut.\n- Exercise. Exercise has countless benefits, including increasing the diversity in the gut microbiota. Those who exercise have been found to have an increase in gut microbes that reduce the risk of inflammatory diseases as well as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and heart disease. 18\nAnother supplement which has been linked to improved gut health is collagen. Collagen protein is an essential component of the digestive tract and helps maintain the structure of the gut lining. BioTRUST’s Ageless Multi-Collagen has 5 key types of collagen to help you gain the maximum benefits.\nWhat is Leaky Gut? A Recap\nMaintaining good gut health is, in fact, the key to a healthier you. Everyone can benefit from taking steps in the direction of better gut health. Whether you experience the symptoms of a leaky gut or just want to be your best self, the gut is an influential part of the body which should be prioritized on your path to wellness.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Designing space and lighting solutions for memory care facilities\nIn creating a dementia-friendly environment, the right lighting and space design can have an incredibly positive effect on resident quality of life. In fact, both artificial and natural light, as well as space design, can have an impact on emotional and psychological well-being.\nHow we integrate lighting design into dementia care homes\nAt Community Living Solutions, we’re dedicated to designing and building senior living communities that get to the heart of what our clients and their residents need. And when it comes to designing dementia-friendly environments, lighting design plays an integral role in not only creating a peaceful, healing environment but also making life easier for those who care for the residents.\nDementia care is complex and can be challenging to manage. So how is it possible that lighting and space—construction aspects that seem deceptively simple—make a difference? The answers may surprise you.\nBiodynamic lighting allows us to harness daylight’s biological effects even in an environment with artificial lighting, like senior living communities. These biological effects are profound. Reduced exposure to daylight can lead to sleep problems, mood disorders and chronic fatigue. Meanwhile, biodynamic lighting allows us to mimic the variations of natural daylight through intentional design and light management. From a design and construction perspective, opportunities abound.\nFirst, it’s important to note how lighting is shown to make a significant difference in the lives of senior living residents, in particular residents with dementia.\nTailored lighting intervention is proven to help those living with dementia\nAccording to a recent 12-week study of multiple dementia care communities, increasing indoor exposure to daylight was shown to reduce depression among residents. More, it’s been found that exposure to the right amount of daylight is an effective non-drug treatment for those with dementia. Designing a space that allows for increased daylight exposure for residents could then feasibly improve quality of life for the 20 to 30 percent of individuals living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD).\nIn addition, appropriately tailored lighting has been shown to alleviate sleep disturbances. Among individuals with ADRD, nighttime wandering is a common concern. By reducing sleep disturbances through lighting design for dementia care homes, facilities can also reduce this phenomenon. Less wandering results in a reduced risk of dangerous falls. Also, a tailored lighting design or intervention that stimulates the resident’s natural sleep and wakefulness cycles are shown to decrease what’s known as “sundowning,” or late-day confusion among dementia patients, while improving behavioral problems and lessening agitation. One recent study on lighting and Alzheimer’s patients showed at the end of just four weeks of lighting intervention, sleep disturbance and depression dropped significantly, and by the end of six months, sleep disturbance and depression scores dropped by half. Other studies have mirrored these findings while also noting decreased agitation scores.\nThe power of human-centric lighting\nWe all know that feeling we get when we’re outdoors and the sun just begins to dip below the horizon, the drowsiness that accompanies a rainy day or the joy of seeing the sun spread its golden light across the horizon in the morning. The role light plays in our mood and wellbeing is proven to us time and again, almost without us noticing it. With human-centric lighting, we design lighting while keeping in mind how it affects the many aspects of our lives. That means human-centric lighting is designed to optimize:\n- Circadian rhythms\n- Visual acuity\nHow well we can see is central to a number of our needs, from our sense of safety and wellbeing to our health, mood, task performance, social communication and aesthetic judgment. As a result, how we see and perceive our environment impacts our emotions, motivations, behavior and even our long-term memory.\nThrough biodynamic lighting in design for dementia care homes, we are able to send the appropriate cues to our bodies by mimicking the appropriate outdoor lighting for everything from dawn to daylight to dusk, including the nuances of an overcast sky, mid-afternoon sun rays and even sunset. Lighting “dose” can be adjusted for intensity, duration, timing and more, and it can be customized for individual environments, including resident rooms, community rooms and general areas.\nRecommendations for creating dementia-friendly environments with light\nNow that we recognize the potential for lighting in senior living environments and how it factors in dementia care, here are some recommendations for designing and building a dementia-friendly environment.\n- Maximize resident exposure to daylight during the day, but especially in the morning\n- Evenly illuminate spaces, to minimize contrast and especially shadows\n- Minimize exposure to blue-rich light sources after 8 p.m.\n- Use amber, or warm light sources, after sunset\n- Create dark environments for sleeping\n- Avoid using artificial light sources during the night\n- Be mindful of quality of life over quantity of light\nFacility design for dementia care homes\nIn addition to lighting interventions, use of space and purposeful wandering capability for residents improves quality of life for individuals with dementia. From an architectural perspective, it’s important to design a home-like environment for residents, one which engages the senses, reduces confusion and feels familiar. Common areas that feel homey, including living room-like spaces and comfortable dining areas, go a long way in comparison to the hospital-like environments in the past.\nPurposeful wandering has been shown to reduce agitation and confusion. Incorporating purposeful wandering into your design can be done in several ways:\n- Minimize dead-end corridors\n- Create activity areas to encourage movement\n- Design nourishment areas where residents have easy access to snacks\n- Develop sitting nodes, for a sense of place\n- Build interior, secured courtyards as a special focus for community spaces, and a safe place for residents to connect with nature\n- Organize life stations for residents to display familiar images and items\n- Incorporate memory boxes into wall spaces\nLighting and space: new frontiers in building a dementia-friendly environment\nAt Community Living Solutions, we’re eager to help you design the future of your dementia care home. From lighting to space design and more, our experts are ready to help you create a senior living community that provides the highest possible quality of life for residents while achieving your business goals.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Bradley J. Monk, MD, discusses his insight on the potential of immunotherapy in ovarian cancer, as well as what promise it might hold in other gynecologic malignancies.\nBradley J. Monk, MD\nBradley J. Monk, MD\nResults of the phase III JAVELIN 200 Ovarian trial have the potential to make a practice-changing impact on the field of ovarian cancer, according to Bradley J. Monk, MD, as immunotherapy could finally make its mark on management of this disease.\nThe randomized phase III study is comparing the PD-L1 inhibitor avelumab (Bavencio) alone or combined with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin versus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin alone in patients with platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancer (NCT02580058). The coprimary endpoints of the trial, which is estimated to be completed in March 2018, are progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).\nEarlier findings of a phase Ib study, which were presented during the 2016 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting, showed that the objective response rate for avelumab was 9.7%, with partial responses observed in 12 of the 124 patients on the trial. Additionally, the disease-control rate was 54%, the median PFS was 11.3 weeks, and the median OS was 10.8 months.\nMonk, professor and director of the Division of Gynecologic Oncology at Creighton University School of Medicine at St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center in Phoenix, and a gynecologic oncologist with Arizona Oncology, shared his insight on the potential of immunotherapy in ovarian cancer, as well as what promise it might hold in other gynecologic malignancies.\nTARGETED ONCOLOGY:Please provide an overview of your discussion of immunotherapy in ovarian cancer.\nImmunotherapy is an emerging treatment in all solid tumors and is approved in many: head and neck, bladder, melanoma, lung, and kidney, but not ovarian cancer. Five randomized phase III trials are ongoing of avelumab and atezolizumab (Tecentriq), combining checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy either in the frontline setting or in platinum-resistant patients, or in the relapse of platinum-sensitive patients. We are excited about these trials.\nWe combine immunotherapy agents with chemotherapy for 2 reasons. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are not present in about 40% of newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian cancers, and without TILs, checkpoint inhibitors are not likely to work. PD-L1 expression is also not there in about 30% of patients. We are hoping that by adding chemotherapy to checkpoint inhibition, we will be able to cause immunogenic cell death. As the cells die as a result of the chemotherapy, it will auto-immunize the patient, and then checkpoint inhibitors will help the patient’s immune system fight the cancer.\nTARGETED ONCOLOGY:How far along are some of these trials?\nWe have a number of early phase I and phase II studies, but we are probably going to need a randomized trial to gain FDA approval of a checkpoint inhibitor in ovarian cancer. There are some early signals that may appear in some of these early trials; for example, the rate of pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy would be 1 potential accelerated approval mechanism.\nThe first randomized phase III study to report will be the JAVELIN 200 Ovarian trial, which is avelumab versus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin versus the combination of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and avelumab. It’s a 3-arm trial; the study has targeted to enroll 550 patients and it is almost at 500. Again, these are platinum-resistant patients who recur within 6 months of platinum-based therapy. The endpoint, which is a coprimary one of PFS and OS, could report out relatively soon. We are excited about it.\nTARGETED ONCOLOGY:Could immunotherapy agents have similar potential in other gynecologic cancers?\nImmunotherapy is not only important in ovarian cancer, but also in cervical and endometrial cancer. In cervical cancer, there is a randomized phase III trial of a checkpoint inhibitor getting ready to start. I can’t tell you the details quite yet, but it’s imminent.\nWe are most excited about the use of checkpoint inhibitors, particularly pembrolizumab (Keytruda) in microsatellite instability (MSI)-high recurrent endometrial cancer. This is for second-line endometrial cancer. Loss of expression of these mismatched-repair proteins that have MSI-high mutational burden have shown exceptional responses to single-agent pembrolizumab. There's a Prescription Drug User Fee Act date for pembrolizumab, as reported by Merck, in early June 2017. This could be the first checkpoint inhibitor approved in a gynecologic cancer.\nDisis ML, Patel MR, Pant S, et al. Avelumab (MSB0010718C; anti-PD-L1) in patients with recurrent/refractory ovarian cancer from the JAVELIN Solid Tumor phase Ib trial: Safety and clinical activity.J Clin Oncol34, 2016 (suppl; abstr 5533).", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "New research shows that long-term endocrine therapy can reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence in the long term. But side effects keep some women from taking it.\nLike many breast cancer survivors, Julie Barthels wonders if the disease will return.\n“My breast cancer came silently, without my knowledge. How do I know what is silently growing inside of me now?” she asked.\nAccording to new research, taking endocrine therapy for five years can drastically reduce the recurrence.\nTaking it longer might offer continued protection.\nAbout two of every three breast cancers are hormone receptor (HR) positive.\nThese are the people who can benefit from long-term endocrine therapy, such as tamoxifen.\nTamoxifen blocks the effects of estrogen.\nThe researchers conducted a meta-analysis of 88 trials involving 62,923 women. All had estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer.\nAll were disease-free after five years of prescribed endocrine therapy.\nThe rate of recurrence was steady during a 5-year to 20-year period.\nDistant recurrence was found to have a strong correlation with original tumor size and lymph node status.\nWomen with larger tumors and more lymph node involvement had a higher risk of recurrence, ranging from 10 to 41 percent.\nThe study, conducted by an international team of researchers, is published in The New England Journal of Medicine.\nDoctors put it in perspective\nDr. Paula Klein is director of cancer clinical trials at Mount Sinai Downtown-Chelsea Center as well as an associate professor of hematology and medical oncology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York.\nAsked about the research, Klein told Healthline there are some caveats.\n“This is a meta-analysis. They were trials of women scheduled to receive five years of therapy, but we don’t know if they completed their therapy. We know there’s not an insignificant number of patients who are noncompliant,” she said.\nKlein observed that the analysis was of patients diagnosed before the year 2000.\n“This paper is really not completely relevant to today’s population. We have better screening and diagnostic methods. We’re better at staging, surgery, radiation, and systemic therapy. The mortality rates of breast cancer have gone down over several decades. Patients don’t have to be extra worried,” she said.\nKlein explained that patients can have one of three variations of HR-positive breast cancer.\nIt can be ER-positive and progesterone receptor (PR) negative, ER-negative and PR-positive, or ER-positive and PR-positive.\nAll three groups of HR-positive patients are treated with the same anti-estrogen therapies.\nDr. Sarah P. Cate, director of the Special Surveillance and Breast Program at Mount Sinai Downtown-Chelsea Center, told Healthline that this study won’t change current practices.\n“Most practice-changing types of studies are those that are randomized and prospective. While this study is important, I don’t know that it’s presenting much different data than already presented in prior studies done in a randomized fashion,” she said.\nWho needs endocrine therapy\nEileen Phillips of Colorado received her diagnosis in 1998.\nShe had two lumpectomies, chemotherapy, and radiation treatment.\nIn 2000, while still taking tamoxifen, the cancer recurred in the other breast.\nThis time, she had a double mastectomy but wasn’t prescribed tamoxifen.\nAfter her diagnosis in 2010, Barthels had surgery and chemotherapy before starting on tamoxifen.\nKlein said until the past few years, the standard prescription was five years of tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor (AI).\nAIs are usually used in postmenopausal women whose ovaries no longer produce estrogen. The drugs halt production of estrogen in an enzyme called aromatase.\nKlein explained that recent studies show that it’s safe and effective to take these medications for 10 years.\nWho should do so?\nHigh-risk patients who are tolerant, motivated, and compliant, according to Klein.\nWho should not?\n“Certainly anyone who does not have ER-positive or PR-positive breast cancer,” she said. “Or extraordinarily low-risk women who have serious contraindications to the medications.”\nIt’s something that must be decided on an individual basis.\n“We know that 30 percent of early stage ER-positive breast cancers recur, usually somewhere other than in a breast. The question of how to identify which patients will benefit from extended treatment with estrogen is still up in the air. In general, if you have an ER-positive tumor, there’s tremendous benefit from endocrine treatment,” said Cate.\n“In younger women with more aggressive disease, we always give 10 years of tamoxifen. For younger patients, the data supports tamoxifen, but we can also do ovarian suppression with drugs or ovary removal, then AI,” she added.\n“Another study found there’s very little benefit in giving older patients 10 years of anti-estrogen drugs, and there’s a higher risk of complications. Older post-menopausal patients have many other options in terms of endocrine treatment with different side effect profiles,” said Cate.\nWhy some women quit endocrine therapy\nCompliance is a problem when a drug has to be taken for many years, according to Cate.\nAnd there are troublesome side effects.\nBarthels’ side effects include weight gain, joint swelling, fatigue, and depression.\n“All of these side effects have been difficult because I had a very active lifestyle before the cancer,” she told Healthline.\nBarthels’ follow-up practices are more extensive than most. Though she hasn’t had a breast cancer recurrence, she’s since been treated for skin and renal cancer.\nNone of that has stopped her from taking tamoxifen, which she’ll continue until 2021, a full 10 years.\nFrances Hathaway of New York was diagnosed with stage 3 breast cancer in 1998.\nShe had surgery and chemotherapy. But she couldn’t tolerate the side effects of tamoxifen.\n“The mental effect was not good so I stopped taking it. I went to a very dark place and had thoughts of suicide, which is not my personality or nature. Uterine cancer is another risk, so what’s the point?” said Hathaway.\nWorking around side effects\nWhen it comes to better compliance, Klein said two things must be considered: quality-of-life complaints and real long-term toxicities.\n“For the nagging quality-of-life issues there are non-hormonal remedies for many of them. You need to first establish that the complaints are related to the medicine. They may be age-related,” she explained.\nKlein said that postmenopausal women who can’t tolerate one AI may do better with a different one. And premenopausal women who can’t tolerate tamoxifen have other options as well.\n“The most serious side effects of tamoxifen are higher risk of uterine cancer and blood clots. AIs can cause accelerated bone loss. Both share all the quality of life issues: vaginal dryness, hot flashes, night sweats, and changes to mood, weight, and sexual desire. Change of life stuff,” said Klein.\nFear of recurrence\nBarthels’ multiple cancer diagnoses certainly warrant concern.\n“I am in a place of awareness about recurrence and it can make me fearful at times,” she said.\n“This can be hard for people without cancer to understand, as they may feel like treatment is over and let’s move on. It is more complicated than that. It really is about acceptance for me, and that is a process I practice on a regular basis,” she continued.\nSince having a double mastectomy, Phillips said thoughts of recurrence don’t weigh too heavily.\n“I’m coming up on 20 years as a survivor,” she said. “There is hope.”\nFor Hathaway, a nagging feeling led her to discover a lump 19 years after her first bout with breast cancer.\nShe had more surgery and radiation treatments, but she isn’t taking tamoxifen.\nNow a patient of Klein, Hathaway is currently enrolled in a clinical trial at Mount Sinai. In the trial, patients with breast cancer are using yoga and meditation to relieve chemotherapy symptoms.\nPromising new research\nResearchers at Mount Sinai have identified a protein (PTK6) that promotes cell growth and survival in a number of cancers, including ER-positive breast cancer.\nThat includes those who are resistant to tamoxifen.\nThe discovery could be a stepping stone to new targeted therapies.\nDr. Hanna Irie is an assistant professor of medicine (hematology and medical oncology) and oncological sciences at The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and senior author of the study.\n“Endocrine therapies are still the most effective medical therapy for this subtype of breast cancer, and the end goal is to inhibit growth and/or kill ER-positive breast cancer cells. However, some breast cancer patients still develop metastatic ER-positive disease despite these common endocrine therapies, so newer treatments are very important and necessary to kill endocrine therapy-resistant cancers,” she said in a press release.\nThis study was published November 17 in NPJ Breast Cancer.\nWhat women need to know\nCate recommends discussing your options with your physician, but if you’re younger than 50, have lymph node involvement or late-stage disease, you should “most definitely consider taking endocrine therapy for 10 years.”\nAnd for small tumors in postmenopausal women, it’s a case-by-case decision.\n“Patients are calling now and asking if they should get another 5 years, but they’re 10 or 15 years out from diagnosis. We don’t know the answer, but it’s not standard of care because all the studies have been about continuous therapy,” said Cate.\nKlein wants breast cancer survivors to know that the outlook is much brighter now.\n“Regardless of what you hear, we’re doing better,” said Klein\nBarbara Jacoby is an award winning blogger that has contributed her writings to multiple online publications that have touched readers worldwide.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "polyostotic fibrous dysplasia...fibrous dysplasia who exhibit café au lait (pale brown) spots on the skin and an endocrine imbalance leading to precocious puberty, especially in girls, have a form of the disorder called McCune-Albright syndrome. Sometimes these patients also have symptoms of hyperthyroidism or acromegaly. Patients with McCune-Albright syndrome have somatic mutations (mutations in body cells as...\nSimply begin typing or use the editing tools above to add to this article.\nOnce you are finished and click submit, your modifications will be sent to our editors for review.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Subscribe to our YouTube Channel for the latest oral health information.\nWhat do I do if my child won’t brush or floss their teeth?\nBrushing and flossing our teeth are the most important measures for cavity prevention. However, sometimes children do not want to adopt these habits. Here are some ideas that can make good oral health more fun for the whole family!\nNew Year's reso-tooth-tions!\nMake sure you brush up on oral health in 2024! Learn how often you should replace your supplies to keep smiling this year.\nWhich toothpaste is right for you?\nWhat starts off as an easy choice becomes overly complicated when faced with so many options. Let us help you decide which toothpaste you should use based on your oral health needs.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We provide creative activities to aid wellbeing, stimulate cognitive function and provide important tools for self-expression. Taking part in creative activities can also help patients to manage long-term conditions better, and cope with anxiety and depression.\nThese take place in both inpatient and outpatient departments, at patient bedsides and within the community.\nSome current and previous projects include:\nCreative Drawing Sessions for Staff\nOur artist-in-residence Liz Atkin runs Creative Drawing workshops at both our hospital sites and for community staff. As well as sessions running after work, Liz also visits staff rooms on the wards so clinicians can have a creative break from their work.\nThe workshops aim to channel attention through simple yet inspiring drawing activities, designed to refocus anxiety and alleviate work-related stress.\nRoyal Horticultural Society (RHS) Wellbeing Garden\nOur wellbeing garden at University Hospital Lewisham (UHL) is a site for numerous arts workshops as well as providing inspiration for other projects across the Trust.\nWorking closely with the RHS Community Development team we have developed a programme of arts activities for the garden space, including drawing workshops, live music performances, mosaic-making workshops and a staff photography competition inspired by the benefits that getting outdoors brings.\nInpatient 'creative activity packs'\nWe provide arts and crafts pack for inpatients to use, these contain all the materials needed to undertake some drawing, painting, colouring in and crafts. At the end of their hospital stay patients can take their creations home with them. This is couple of with creative iPad sessions where volunteers work with patients to use creative apps and games.\nSinging for Lung Health\nDelivered in partnership with Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance, our Singing for Lung Health group was designed to help people living with lung conditions to manage feelings of breathlessness whilst taking part in a fun and social activity.\nResearch has proven that singing can help people with chronic lung conditions by improving a sense of control over the breath, improving posture and teaching you to breathe more slowly and deeply.\nVictoria Rance, artist-in-residence\nThe ‘I Wish’ artist residency was led by local artist Victoria Rance, from APT Studios in Deptford. Victoria worked with patients, parents and carers on the children’s inpatients ward at Queen Elizabeth Hospital who communicated their wishes to the artist. These were then realised as small sculptures and gifted back to the participants.\nPhotographs of the ‘wishes’ now traverse the corridor spaces between the children’s wards helping to connect these different departments.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- Primary research\n- Open Access\nEffect of nicastrin on hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and apoptosis through PI3K/AKT signalling pathway modulation\nCancer Cell International volume 20, Article number: 91 (2020)\nIncreasing evidence has proven that the γ-secretase complex plays significant roles in the carcinogenesis of malignancies. However, the independent effect of nicastrin (NCSTN), the largest constituent of the γ-secretase complex, on the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be discovered.\nIn our study, we used open online databases, including the Oncomine database, GEPIA and KMPlotter, to analyse the expression of 4 genes and their correlation with prognosis in HCC. NCSTN expression in 60 HCC patients from our centre was determined by immunohistochemical staining and qRT-PCR. The clinical and prognostic significance of NCSTN expression were analysed statistically. Stable Sk-hep1 cell lines with NCSTN overexpression were established using lentivirus-based vectors, and RNAi technology was used to transiently downregulate NCSTN expression in HepG2 cell lines. Cell growth and apoptosis were assessed by using EdU, clone formation, flow cytometry and Western blotting assays.\nBioinformatics analysis showed that NCSTN mRNA expression was generally higher in HCC tissues than in normal tissues according to a meta-analysis of 9 HCC datasets, excluding PS-1, PEN-2 and APH-1. Moreover, NCSTN was associated with a poor prognosis in HCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Although the relationship between NCSTN levels and the clinicopathological features of HCC patients was not significant, a survival analysis of HCC patients from TCGA indicated that overall and disease-free survival were significantly associated with NCSTN expression. NCSTN expression in HCC cell lines regulated cell growth and apoptosis in vitro. NCSTN downregulation in HepG2 cells inhibited tumour growth ability in vivo. In addition, NCSTN downregulation in HepG2 cell lines decreased p-PI3K and p-Akt expression, and IGF1, a PI3K/Akt activator, neutralized the effects on PI3K and Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, NCSTN overexpression in Sk-hep1 cells activated the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, and MK-2206, a PI3K/Akt inhibitor, reversed this activation according to Western blotting analysis.\nWe suggest that NCSTN serves as an oncogene in HCC by promoting growth and inhibiting apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt pathway, providing a potential novel therapeutic target for HCC treatment.\nHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant cancers and is characterized by high mortality and a low 5-year survival rate . Although curative therapies such as liver transplantation, radiofrequency ablation and radioembolization are rapidly developing and have improved early-stage HCC outcomes , the overall prognosis remains unsatisfactory because most patients are at an advanced stage when first diagnosed. Therefore, there is an unmet need for more effective treatments for advanced HCC. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the abnormal expression and mutation of genes are involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of HCC . In this regard, therapies targeting a specific oncogenic molecule expressed in cancer tissue are a reliable approach for treating HCC. However, it is necessary to identify a potential therapeutic target to improve the clinical treatment outcome of HCC patients.\nThe γ-secretase complex (GS), composed of presenilin-1 (PS-1), anterior-pharynx defective-1 (APH-1), PSEN enhancer 2 (PEN-2) and nicastrin (NCSTN), can regulate endocytosis, lysosomal acidification, and autophagy [4, 5]. Dysfunction and abnormal activation of these substrates often leads to tumourigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance in existing treatment regimens . In recent years, the γ-secretase complex has been increasingly recognized as a vital target in human malignancies. NCSTN, one of the main constituents and the gatekeeper of the γ-secretase complex, modulates the composition of this complex, maintains enzyme stability and executes GS substrate recognition . Moreover, NCSTN has a GS-independent function in the process of controlling cell death through the Akt pathway . Consistent with the biological correlation of NCSTN in malignant diseases, studies have shown that NCSTN is upregulated in patients with colon cancer who underwent chemotherapy  and that stable knockdown of NCSTN enhances the antitumour effect of EGFR inhibitors by blocking the Notch and Akt signalling pathways . Intriguingly, several studies have proven that genome-wide liver carcinoma screening identified NCSTN as one of the 50 potential driver genes , and NCSTN is abnormally upregulated and frequently amplified in liver cancer . However, the precise relationship between NCSTN expression and HCC prognosis remains unknown. Together, these aforementioned studies prompted us to explore the unequivocal role of NCSTN in HCC progression and to confirm whether NCSTN could be a novel therapeutic target against HCC.\nIn this study, we hypothesized that NCSTN could activate the PI3K/Akt pathway to promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis in HCC. To test this hypothesis, we used bioinformatics analyses to analyse the underlying function of NCSTN in malignant tumours. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies were utilized to validate the effects of NCSTN expression modulation in vitro and in vivo. Our work may be useful for developing a new therapeutic target for HCC.\nCell lines and culture\nSeven HCC cell lines (Huh-7, Hep-3B, HepG2, PLC/PRF/5, Sk-hep1, 97H and SMMC-7721) were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; Gibco BRL, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS; Sijiqing, Zhejiang, P. R. China), 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 U/ml streptomycin. The HepG2, 97H, Sk-hep1, and SMMC-7721 cell lines were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). Huh-7, Hep-3B, and PLC/PRF/5 cell lines were purchased from the Cell Bank of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, P. R. China). All cells were maintained in a humidified chamber with 5% CO2 at 37 °C.\nThree short hairpin (sh) RNAs targeting the CDS of human NCSTN mRNA were cloned into a lentiviral vector (PLKO.1), and the NCSTN open reading frame was cloned into a lentiviral vector (GENEray, Shanghai, China). HepG2 cells were first transfected with shNCSTN 1, shNCSTN 2 and shNCSTN 3 (40 nM) using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) and were then infected with a lentivirus delivering shNCSTN 1 (sequence: CCGGGAGCATGCTAAAGCCTATAAACTCGAGTTTATAGGCTTTAGCATGCTCTTTTTG). A control plasmid (shNC) was used as a negative control. Meanwhile, lentiviruses carrying vector-NC or vector-NCSTN were produced from 293T cells and used to infect Sk-hep1 cells. After 72 h of lentiviral infection, puromycin (2 μg/ml) was used to select cells with stable NCSTN expression for 2 weeks. Selective NCSTN silencing in HepG2 cells and stable NCSTN expression in Sk-hep1 cells were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis.\nReagents and antibodies\nPrimary antibodies for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (#13110), p/t-PI3K (#4228/#4292), p/t-Akt (#4060/#4691), Bax/Bcl-2 (#5023/#4223), and caspase 3/cleaved caspase 3 (#9665) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). An anti-NCSTN antibody (#14071-1-AP) was purchased from Proteintech (Chicago, USA). Antibodies against glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; #CW0100) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labelled anti-rabbit secondary antibodies (#CW0102/#CW0103) were obtained from CWBIO (Beijing, P. R. China). MK-2206 (#SF2712) and recombinant human IGF-1 (#P5502) were purchased from Beyotime (Shanghai, China).\nReal-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)\nTotal RNA was isolated from cells using TRIzol® reagent (#15596-018; Invitrogen). Reverse transcription was performed using a PrimeScript RT reagent kit (#RR037; Takara) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. qRT-PCR was performed to evaluate NCSTN expression in different cell lines using the primers shown in Table 1. Relative gene expression levels were calculated using the comparative Ct (ΔΔCt) method, where the relative expression was calculated as 2-ΔΔCt, with Ct representing the threshold cycle.\nAfter fixing with 4% formalin and embedding in paraffin wax, tissues were cut into 5-μm sections using a microtome. The sections were deparaffinized in xylene and rehydrated with graded concentrations of alcohol. Subsequently, the slides were treated with 3% H2O2 to block endogenous peroxidase activity, and antigen retrieval was performed by boiling in 1 mM EDTA (pH 8.0) for 10 to 15 min. To reduce nonspecific binding, 10% normal goat serum was applied. Then, the slides were incubated with a primary rabbit anti-human NCSTN antibody at 4 °C overnight. After washing with PBS, the sections were incubated with rabbit conjugate (#GK500705; Dako Corporation, Carpinteria, CA, USA) for approximately 1 h at 37 °C. The colour reaction was performed with DAB-positive substrate, and the slides were counterstained with haematoxylin. The staining intensity was classified into 4 grades: 0 (negative), 1 (weak), 2 (moderate), or 3 (strong). The percentage of NCSTN-positive cells was scored as 0 (0%), 1 (1–10%), 2 (11–50%), 3 (51–80%) and 4 (81–100%). The overall score was calculated using the following formula: overall score = intensity score x percentage score. Total scores of 0–4, 5–8, and 9–12 were defined as weak positive, moderate positive, and strong positive, respectively .\nPatients and specimens\nHCC specimens and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 60 HCC patients at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, China) from 2016 to 2019. The specimens were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen after resection from HCC patients and then stored at − 80 °C. The clinical characteristics of the HCC patients involved in the study are shown in Additional file 1: Table S2. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital. All patients provided informed consent for all treatments performed and to have their data used for research purposes.\nWestern blotting analysis\nTo examine protein expression after shRNA and vector-NCSTN lentiviral transfection, HepG2 and Sk-hep1 cells were collected. Total protein was extracted from cells lysed with RIPA lysis buffer (#CW2333; CWBIO), phosphatase inhibitors (#04906845001; Roche) and protease inhibitors (#05892791001; Roche). Cells were lysed in 4× SDS sample buffer. Protein samples were then separated by SDS-PAGE (#P0012A; Beyotime) and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (#ISEQ 00010; Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). After blocking with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA), the membranes were exposed to antibodies against NCSTN, PCNA, p/t-PI3K, p/t-Akt, Bax/Bcl-2, caspase 3/cleaved caspase 3, and GAPDH with continuous agitation overnight at 4 °C, followed by incubation with an anti-rabbit HRP-linked secondary antibody at room temperature for 1 h. The bands were visualized using an enhanced chemiluminescence detection kit (#WBKLS0500; Millipore).\nCell viability assay\nHepG2 cells were first transfected with shNCSTN 1, shNCSTN 2 and shNCSTN 3 (40 nM) using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) Then, HepG2 cells were seeded into a 96-well plate at densities of approximately 1 × 104 and 0.5 × 104 cells/well. Next, the cells were cultured with medium containing 10% FBS for 48 h. Following the manufacturer’s protocol, a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8; #C0040; Beyotime) assay was utilized to quantify the viable cells. Absorbance (450 nm) was measured using a microplate reader (Dynex, Chantilly, VA, USA), and the absorbance value obtained from the responding control group was normalized as 100%.\nCells were seeded in serum-free media 6 h prior to treatment to allow for cell cycle synchronization. After 48 h of shRNA interference or vector-NCSTN plasmid transfection, the cells were pulsed with 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (BeyoClickTM EdU Cell Proliferation Kit with Alexa Fluor 488; #C0071; Beyotime) for 2 h before fixation in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 15 min and subsequent EdU detection per the manufacturer’s protocol. The results were imaged under an inverted fluorescence microscope. Quantification of EdU+ HCC cells was carried out using Adobe Photoshop CC 2018. The percentage of EdU+ cells for each field of view captured was recorded and analysed.\nCells treated under different conditions for 48 h were detached from 6-well culture plates, washed twice with PBS, and pelleted by centrifugation at 1000 rpm for 5 min. The cell pellets were resuspended in binding buffer with Annexin V-FITC (AV) and propidium iodide (PI). The apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry.\nColony formation assay\nThe effect of NCSTN knockdown on the colony-forming ability of HepG2 and NCSTN-overexpressing Sk-hep1 cells was analysed by colony formation assay. The infected cells were seeded into 6-well plates at a concentration of 400 cells per well. After incubation for 7 days, most single colonies contained more than 50 cells. The adherent cells were washed twice with PBS and then stained with crystal violet. Finally, the cells were rinsed with water, and pictures were taken.\nThe cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database\nThe TCGA database contains gene information from large-scale genomic sequencing. Data including the gene expression profiles and clinical information of HCC patients were retrieved from the Genomic Data Commons Data Portal within the TCGA data portal (https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/). The clinical information is shown in Additional file 2: Table S1, and the prognosis associated with NCSTN was calculated by several online databases, such as Oncomine (https://www.oncomine.org) , GEPIA (http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn) , KMPlotter (http://www.kmplot.com), CBioPortal (https://www.cbioportal.org) [16, 17], gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) software  and String (https://string-db.org) , to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the γ-secretase complex.\nFemale BALB/c nude mice, 4–7 weeks old, were purchased from the Laboratory Animal Center of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, China). The mice were maintained in a specific pathogen-free environment with laminar air-flow conditions at 22–25 °C. All animals had free access to standard laboratory mouse food and water. Animal experiments were approved by the Bioethics Committee of Sun Yat-sen University and were performed according to the established guidelines.\nXenograft tumour growth\nA total of 1 × 107 HepG2 cells were suspended in 100 μL serum-free DMEM and injected subcutaneously into the nude mice. The mice were then randomized into two groups (n = 3/group). The tumour volume was estimated based upon the following formula: V = (L*W*W)/2, where “L” and “W” represent the larger and smaller dimensions obtained from each measurement, respectively. The nude mice were sacrificed after 1 month, and the solid tumours were weighed and fixed in formaldehyde.\nAll data are represented as the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. The median expression level of NCSTN was used as the cutoff for the high NCSTN group and the low NCSTN group. Student’s t test was performed for statistical analysis, and P < 0.05 was considered significant.\nBioinformatics analysis indicated that NCSTN was pivotal in promoting HCC progression\nWe tried to determine whether NCSTN was the key gene in the progression of HCC patients by using bioinformatics analysis. As shown in Fig. 1a, a meta-analysis of 9 HCC datasets vividly showed that only NCSTN expression was higher in tumour specimens than in normal liver tissues over 9 datasets. However, only 7 datasets showed that APH-1 expression was slightly higher in tumour specimens. Moreover, 1 dataset revealed that PEN-2 expression was higher in tumour specimens, while 3 datasets showed that PS-1 had similar results. Moreover, these results were further confirmed in GEPIA, another online visualization site based on TCGA and GTEx data. The box plots shown in Fig. 1b reveal that NCSTN expression was markedly higher in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) (P < 0.01). However, the other 3 members of the γ-secretase complex, excluding NCSTN, showed no obvious significance when comparing their expression between HCC and normal liver tissues (Fig. 1b). Importantly, the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) curves of LIHC patients with high or low NCSTN expression are shown in Fig. 1c. The results showed that not only the OS rate but also the DFS rate was significantly lower for patients with high NCSTN expression than for patients with low NCSTN expression. Furthermore, high NCSTN expression, but not the other 3 genes of the γ-secretase complex, indicated poor prognosis in 364 TCGA HCC patients, as analysed in the open online database KMPlotter (Fig. 1c). For genetic alterations, the CBioPortal database was used to analyse the changes in these four members using the mutation and CNA data of TCGA-LIHC patients. As shown in Fig. 1d, NCSTN was altered the most (13%), and the main type was amplification. In summary, bioinformatics analysis showed that high NCSTN expression represented a poor prognosis and may exert some underlying functions as an oncogene, independent of the γ-secretase complex.\nThe NCSTN expression and prognosis of 60 HCC patients in our centre were significantly related\nTo analyse the mRNA expression levels of NCSTN in 60 HCC patients, we analysed matched tumour and normal tissues by using qRT-PCR. Overall, NCSTN expression was significantly upregulated in HCC. Compared with the normal tissues, 53 (88.3%) HCC patient tissues were characterized by higher NCSTN expression (Fig. 2a). Consistent with the bioinformatics analysis results, only 32 (53%) patients had high PS-1 expression, 38 (63.3%) patients had high PEN-2 expression, and 35 (58.3%) patients had high APH-1 expression (Additional file 3: Figure S1). In addition, by calculating the OS and DFS curves, we found that high NCSTN expression was related to poor prognosis in HCC patients (Fig. 2b, c). On the other hand, the IHC results of 60 HCC patients further confirmed that NCSTN expression was higher in tumour specimens than in matched normal tissues (Fig. 2d, e). Taken together, these results showed that high NCSTN expression was correlated with poor prognosis in HCC patients.\nOncogenic function validated by NCSTN upregulation in Sk-hep1 cells and NCSTN downregulation in HepG2 cells\nTo confirm the lowest and highest expression levels of NCSTN in 7 different HCC cell lines, we used Western blotting and qRT-PCR to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of NCSTN, respectively. Figure 3a shows that NCSTN protein expression was lowest in Sk-hep1 cells and highest in HepG2 cells among the 7 HCC cell lines. Similar results were obtained from qRT-PCR (Fig. 3b). However, not all mRNA and protein expression levels were consistent among the 7 HCC cell lines. We found that Sk-hep1 cells expressed lower NCSTN than the other 6 cell lines, while HepG2 cells expressed higher NCSTN than the other cells (Fig. 3b). To determine the most efficient RNAi sequence in HepG2 cells, we measured NCSTN mRNA expression after knocking down the NCSTN gene with 3 different shRNA sequences (Fig. 3c). This result showed that all 3 shRNA sequences could knock down NCSTN mRNA expression, but shNCSTN 1 dramatically inhibited NCSTN expression in HepG2 cells. We also conducted a cell growth experiment to estimate which shRNA sequences could affect HCC cell viability. As shown in Fig. 3d, shNCSTN 1 could reduce many more viable cells than the other two shRNA sequences. To further verify the knockdown efficiency of shNCSTN 1, we measured the protein expression level of NCSTN using Western blotting (Fig. 3e). The shNCSTN 1 sequence markedly downregulated NCSTN protein expression in HepG2 cells. Thus, these results suggested that the RNAi efficiency was adequate. On the other hand, for gain-of-function analyses, we overexpressed NCSTN in Sk-hep1 cells, which have relatively low NCSTN expression. The NCSTN expression level was significantly increased in NCSTN-transfected Sk-hep1 cells, as assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting (Fig. 3c, e).\nNCSTN downregulation inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation, and NCSTN-transfected Sk-hep1 cells showed higher proliferative ability\nProvided that the correlation between NCSTN and cell proliferation was ambiguous, Western blotting analysis was adopted to identify PCNA expression. As shown in Fig. 4a, after NCSTN silencing in HepG2 cells, the shNCSTN 1 group exhibited markedly decreased PCNA expression compared with the shNC group. This result indicated that NCSTN knockdown had an inhibitory effect on PCNA, which could promote the process of leading strand synthesis during DNA replication. Since NCSTN expression was related to PCNA expression, we then determined proliferation in HepG2 cells with NCSTN knockdown by using EdU thymidine analogue incorporation and clone formation assays (Fig. 4b, c). Consistent with the Western blotting results, the EdU-positive cell ratio was much lower in the shNCSTN 1 group than in the other groups, and the number of colonies was lower in the shNCSTN 1 group than in the shNC group.\nOn the other hand, relatively contrary results were obtained in the gain-of-function assay. These data suggested that NCSTN regulated proliferation in both HepG2 and Sk-hep1 cells.\nNCSTN expression affected apoptosis in both HepG2 and Sk-hep1 cells\nBased on the GSEA results for TCGA data, we found that 54 signalling pathways, including cancer-related pathways and apoptosis pathways (Fig. 5a, b), were enriched in the high NCSTN expression group (Additional file 4: Table S3). Considering the significance of NCSTN in regulating cell proliferation, we further investigated the antiapoptotic effect of NCSTN. Western blotting analysis revealed that the protein expression of cleaved caspase 3 and Bax was upregulated, while caspase 3 and Bcl-2 were downregulated in the shNCSTN 1 group. Comparably, cleaved caspase 3 and Bax were downregulated, and caspase 3 and Bcl-2 were upregulated the vector-NCSTN group (Fig. 5d, e). Moreover, Annexin V staining and flow cytometry were used to further study whether NCSTN and apoptosis were strongly related. As shown in Fig. 5c, the rate of apoptotic HCC cells in the shNCSTN 1 group was significantly different from that in the control group. A much higher early apoptosis rate appeared in the vector-NC group than in the vector-NCSTN group. Therefore, we concluded that HCC cell line apoptosis was strongly related to NCSTN expression.\nNCSTN regulated cell proliferation and apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt pathway\nIn general, most oncogenes promote cancer progression via specific signalling pathways. As exhibited in Fig. 6a, KEGG results for GSEA contained two PI3K-related pathways: “INOSITOL_PHOSPHATE_METABOLISM” and “PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL_SIGNALING_SYSTEM”. PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PIK3CB and AKT2 all participated in the “PATHWAYS_IN_CANCER” exhibited in the PPI network (Fig. 6b, Additional file 5: Table S4). Therefore, we further investigated the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt in HCC cell lines treated with specific NCSTN-targeting shRNAs or NCSTN plasmids. As a result, p-PI3K and p-Akt levels were markedly decreased in the shNCSTN 1 group compared with the shNC group, while IGF1, an agonist of the PI3K/Akt pathway, reversed the effect that resulted from knocking down NCSTN. On the other hand, NCSTN overexpression significantly increased the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt. MK-2206, an inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt pathway, suppressed the high expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt caused by upregulating NCSTN in Sk-hep1 cells (Fig. 6c). Therefore, we found that NCSTN might activate the PI3K/Akt pathway to regulate cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in HCC.\nLentivirus-mediated NCSTN silencing in HepG2 cells inhibited tumour proliferation in vivo\nEvidence from the cell lines and human tissues mentioned above indicated that NCSTN is implicated in HCC tumourigenesis. To further confirm the hepatocarcinogenesis of NCSTN in vivo, xenograft tumour mouse models were injected with HepG2 cells. Compared with that in the shNC group treated with vector-NC plasmid, tumour growth in the group treated with vector-NCSTN plasmid was significantly inhibited (Fig. 7a, b). In addition, the tumour weight in the shNCSTN group was 57.01% of that of the shNC group at the end of the study (Fig. 7c). In summary, we concluded that NCSTN also possessed antitumour effects in vivo.\nIn our present study, we found that NCSTN promotes cell growth and negatively regulates apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Indeed, 53 out of 60 HCC patients in our centre had higher NCSTN expression in tumour specimens than in paired normal tissues. Furthermore, by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway, NCSTN depletion in HepG2 cells and NCSTN overexpression in Sk-hep1 cells both had obviously different effects on cell proliferation and antiapoptosis processes, hallmarks of carcinogenesis and programmed cell death.\nPrevious studies have shown that the γ-secretase complex, comprised of PS-1, APH-1, PEN-2 and NCSTN, is recognized as a therapeutic option for treating HCC [10, 20,21,22]. However, inhibitors of the γ-secretase complex are well known to have serious adverse effects, as they are not cell selective or system specific . Targeted therapy strategies have been developed and are now widely used in clinics. To date, several monoclonal antibodies against NCSTN have been developed and have shown great efficacy in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo . However, whether NCSTN monoclonal antibodies could effectively act on liver cancer cells remains unclear. Therefore, it is pivotal to determine the specific function of NCSTN in HCC.\nNCSTN, the largest constituent of the γ-secretase complex , has a single transmembrane domain and a large extracellular domain with functional regions . Intriguingly, it has been reported that NCSTN could exert its function alone rather than participate in the γ-secretase complex in mouse muscle , which indicates that NCSTN is likely to exert some functions independently. Similarly, in light of our bioinformatics analysis results, we found that NCSTN is overexpressed in HCC over 9 microarray datasets from the Oncomine database. However, the expression levels of PS-1, APH-1 and PEN-2 are slightly higher in HCC tissues than in normal tissues in only several microarray datasets. According to the analysis of TCGA data with GEPIA, we further confirmed that the mRNA expression of PS-1, APH-1 and PEN-2 in HCC patients from TCGA was not significantly different between tumour specimens and normal tissue specimens. On the other hand, we also found that among TCGA data for HCC patients analysed by KMPlotter, only NCSTN expression was closely related to survival time, not PS-1, APH-1 and PEN-2. We also found that NCSTN was altered most among these four genes in TCGA-LIHC patients according to the corresponding CNV and mutation data analysed by the CBioPortal database. Together, we hypothesized that the tumourigenesis of NCSTN can also play a role without the involvement of other members of the γ-secretase complex. The bioinformatics analysis results prompted us to explore the independent function of NCSTN in HCC patients.\nNext, we investigated the mRNA and protein expression of NCSTN in patients at our centre by using qRT-PCR and IHC staining. The IHC score results for 60 HCC patients showed high degrees of consistency with those obtained from qRT-PCR. It turned out that high NCSTN expression and poor prognosis are closely related. Likewise, Lee et al.  also identified NCSTN as an oncogene that is upregulated and frequently amplified in human HCC. In all, although its correlation with the clinicopathological features of HCC patients failed to have great significance for both TCGA data (Additional file 2: Table S1) and 60 patients from our centre (Additional file 1: Table S2), NCSTN expression was closely related to the clinical prognosis of HCC patients. These observations led us to test the role of NCSTN in tumour cell proliferation and apoptosis. Therefore, we analysed the impact of NCSTN inhibition in HepG2 cells using transient shRNA oligos targeting NCSTN mRNA and NCSTN overexpression in Sk-hep1 cells using an NCSTN plasmid.\nOther than its requirement for the γ-secretase complex, NCSTN is likely to regulate cell death through the PI3K/Akt and P53/caspase3 pathways in fibroblasts, human cells and neurons . Furthermore, Lombardo et al.  reported that NCSTN regulates Akt activation in breast cancer cells and that NCSTN inhibition in malignant breast cells can inhibit breast tumour formation in vivo. Studies have also demonstrated that anti-NCSTN monoclonal antibodies exert antitumour effects in invasive breast cancer cells . Notably, these results are consistent with not only the KEGG pathway results for GSEA based on TCGA data but also our observation that NCSTN depletion could induce apoptosis and reduce proliferation in HCC cell lines, partly through the PI3K/Akt pathway.\nHowever, these conclusions are based on the responses of only 2 HCC cell lines and several nude mice, so they might not reflect the process of intact organisms in the human body. The precise oncogenic mechanism of NCSTN needs to be further elucidated in detail.\nCollectively, our findings support the hypothesis that NCSTN modulates proliferation and apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt pathway, thereby causing tumourigenesis in HCC. Our present work provides a better understanding of the potentially oncogenic mechanism of NCSTN in silico, in vitro and in vivo. We proposed that NCSTN, independent of the GS complex, may be a promising target for HCC treatment development.\nAvailability of data and materials\n- GS complex:\nGene set enrichment analysis\nCopy number variation\nPSEN enhancer 2\nSiegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67:7–30.\nYu WB, Rao A, Vu V, Xu L, Rao JY, Wu JX. Management of centrally located hepatocellular carcinoma: update 2016. World J Hepatol. 2017;9:627–34.\nGuichard C, Amaddeo G, Imbeaud S, Ladeiro Y, Pelletier L, Maad IB, et al. Integrated analysis of somatic mutations and focal copy-number changes identifies key genes and pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Genet. 2012;44:694–8.\nGhavami S, Shojaei S, Yeganeh B, Ande SR, Jangamreddy JR, Mehrpour M, et al. Autophagy and apoptosis dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders. Prog Neurobiol. 2014;112:24–49.\nSharma D, Otto G, Warren EC, Beesley P, King JS, Williams RSB. Gamma secretase orthologs are required for lysosomal activity and autophagic degradation in Dictyostelium discoideum, independent of PSEN (presenilin) proteolytic function. Autophagy. 2019;15:1407–18.\nLombardo Y, Filipovic A, Molyneux G, Periyasamy M, Giamas G, Hu Y, et al. Nicastrin regulates breast cancer stem cell properties and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109:16558–63.\nDe Strooper B. Nicastrin: gatekeeper of the gamma-secretase complex. Cell. 2005;122:318–20.\nFilipovic A, Lombardo Y, Faronato M, Abrahams J, Aboagye E, Nguyen QD, et al. Anti-nicastrin monoclonal antibodies elicit pleiotropic anti-tumour pharmacological effects in invasive breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2014;148:455–62.\nMeng RD, Shelton CC, Li YM, Qin LX, Notterman D, Paty PB, et al. Gamma-secretase inhibitors abrogate oxaliplatin-induced activation of the Notch-1 signaling pathway in colon cancer cells resulting in enhanced chemosensitivity. Cancer Res. 2009;69:573–82.\nDong Y, Li A, Wang J, Weber JD, Michel LS. Synthetic lethality through combined Notch-epidermal growth factor receptor pathway inhibition in basal-like breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2010;70:5465–74.\nWoo HG, Park ES, Lee JS, Lee YH, Ishikawa T, Kim YJ, et al. Identification of potential driver genes in human liver carcinoma by genomewide screening. Cancer Res. 2009;69:4059–66.\nLee SA, Ho C, Roy R, Kosinski C, Patil MA, Tward AD, et al. Integration of genomic analysis and in vivo transfection to identify sprouty 2 as a candidate tumor suppressor in liver cancer. Hepatology. 2008;47:1200–10.\nScharl A, Vierbuchen M, Conradt B, Moll W, Wurz H, Bolte A. Immunohistochemical detection of progesterone receptor in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue using a monoclonal antibody. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 1990;247:63–71.\nRhodes DR, Yu J, Shanker K, Deshpande N, Varambally R, Ghosh D, et al. ONCOMINE: a cancer microarray database and integrated data-mining platform. Neoplasia. 2004;6:1–6.\nTang Z, Li C, Kang B, Gao G, Li C, Zhang Z. GEPIA: a web server for cancer and normal gene expression profiling and interactive analyses. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017;45:W98–102.\nCerami E, Gao J, Dogrusoz U, Gross BE, Sumer SO, Aksoy BA, et al. The cBio cancer genomics portal: an open platform for exploring multidimensional cancer genomics data. Cancer Discov. 2012;2:401–4.\nGao J, Aksoy BA, Dogrusoz U, Dresdner G, Gross B, Sumer SO, et al. Integrative analysis of complex cancer genomics and clinical profiles using the cBioPortal. Sci Signal. 2013;6:pl1.\nSubramanian A, Tamayo P, Mootha VK, Mukherjee S, Ebert BL, Gillette MA, et al. Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:15545–50.\nSzklarczyk D, Franceschini A, Wyder S, Forslund K, Heller D, Huerta-Cepas J, et al. STRING v10: protein-protein interaction networks, integrated over the tree of life. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015;43:D447–52.\nShen Y, Lv D, Wang J, Yin Y, Miao F, Dou F, et al. GSI-I has a better effect in inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth than GSI-IX, GSI-X, or GSI-XXI. Anticancer Drugs. 2012;23:683–90.\nShen Y, Yin Y, Peng Y, Lv D, Miao F, Dou F, et al. Modulation of the gamma-secretase activity as a therapy against human hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Ther. 2018;14:S473–9.\nWu CX, Xu A, Zhang CC, Olson P, Chen L, Lee TK, et al. Notch inhibitor PF-03084014 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis via suppression of cancer stemness due to reduced activation of Notch1–Stat3. Mol Cancer Ther. 2017;16:1531–43.\nMorell CM, Strazzabosco M. Notch signaling and new therapeutic options in liver disease. J Hepatol. 2014;60:885–90.\nShah S, Lee SF, Tabuchi K, Hao YH, Yu C, LaPlant Q, et al. Nicastrin functions as a gamma-secretase-substrate receptor. Cell. 2005;122:435–47.\nIlaya NT, Evin G, Masters CL, Culvenor JG. Nicastrin expression in mouse peripheral tissues is not co-ordinated with presenilin and is high in muscle. J Neurochem. 2004;91:230–7.\nPardossi-Piquard R, Dunys J, Giaime E, Guillot-Sestier MV, St George-Hyslop P, Checler F, et al. p53-dependent control of cell death by nicastrin: lack of requirement for presenilin-dependent gamma-secretase complex. J Neurochem. 2009;109:225–37.\nThe authors express sincere thanks to the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China (No. 2020A1515010944), the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (STPG; No. 2016201604030054), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81800560).\nEthics approval and consent to participate\nThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital. All patients provided informed consent for all treatments performed and to have their data utilized for research.\nThe animal experiments were approved by the Bioethics Committee of Sun Yat-sen University and were conducted based upon acknowledged guidelines.\nConsent for publication\nThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\nSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.\nAdditional file 1: Table S2.\nCorrelation between NCSTN expression and clinicopathological characteristics of 60 HCC patients in our center.\nAdditional file 2: Table S1.\nRelationship between NCSTN expression and clinicopathological characteristics in 370 HCC patients from TCGA database.\nAdditional file 3: Figure S1.\nmRNA Expression level of APH-1, PEN-2 and PS-1 in 60 patients.\nAdditional file 4: Table S3.\nGene sets enriched in phenotype high.\nAdditional file 5: Table S4.\nThe enriched genes of cancer-related pathways.\nRights and permissions\nOpen Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.\nAbout this article\nCite this article\nWang, X., Wang, X., Xu, Y. et al. Effect of nicastrin on hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and apoptosis through PI3K/AKT signalling pathway modulation. Cancer Cell Int 20, 91 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-020-01172-4\n- Hepatocellular carcinoma", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The described methods can be used to investigate the effect of proteases on ion channels, receptors, and other plasma membrane proteins heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. In combination with site-directed mutagenesis, this approach provides a powerful tool to identify functionally relevant cleavage sites. Proteolytic activation is a characteristic feature of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). The final activating step involves cleavage of the channel’s γ-subunit in a critical region potentially targeted by several proteases including chymotrypsin and plasmin. To determine the stimulatory effect of these serine proteases on ENaC, the amiloride-sensitive whole-cell current (ΔIami) was measured twice in the same oocyte before and after exposure to the protease using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. In parallel to the electrophysiological experiments, a biotinylation approach was used to monitor the appearance of γENaC cleavage fragments at the cell surface. Using the methods described, it was demonstrated that the time course of proteolytic activation of ENaC-mediated whole-cell currents correlates with the appearance of a γENaC cleavage product at the cell surface. These results suggest a causal link between channel cleavage and channel activation. Moreover, they confirm the concept that a cleavage event in γENaC is required as a final step in proteolytic channel activation. The methods described here may well be applicable to address similar questions for other types of ion channels or membrane proteins.\n23 Related JoVE Articles!\nIdentification of Specific Sensory Neuron Populations for Study of Expressed Ion Channels\nInstitutions: AT Still University of Health Sciences.\nSensory neurons transmit signals from various parts of the body to the central nervous system. The soma for these neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglia that line the spinal column. Understanding the receptors and channels expressed by these sensory afferent neurons could lead to novel therapies for disease. The initial step is to identify the specific subset of sensory neurons of interest. Here we describe a method to identify afferent neurons innervating the muscles by retrograde labeling using a fluorescent dye DiI (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate). Understanding the contribution of ion channels to excitation of muscle afferents could help to better control excessive excitability induced by certain disease states such as peripheral vascular disease or heart failure. We used two approaches to identify the voltage dependent ion channels expressed by these neurons, patch clamp electrophysiology and immunocytochemistry. While electrophysiology plus pharmacological blockers can identify functional ion channel types, we used immunocytochemistry to identify channels for which specific blockers were unavailable and to better understand the ion channel distribution pattern in the cell population. These techniques can be applied to other areas of the nervous system to study specific neuronal groups.\nNeuroscience, Issue 82, DiI, patch clamp, sensory neurons, muscle afferent neurons, immunocytochemistry, electrophysiology\nThe Xenopus Oocyte Cut-open Vaseline Gap Voltage-clamp Technique With Fluorometry\nInstitutions: Washington University in St. Louis.\nThe cut-open oocyte Vaseline gap (COVG) voltage clamp technique allows for analysis of electrophysiological and kinetic properties of heterologous ion channels in oocytes. Recordings from the cut-open setup are particularly useful for resolving low magnitude gating currents, rapid ionic current activation, and deactivation. The main benefits over the two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) technique include increased clamp speed, improved signal-to-noise ratio, and the ability to modulate the intracellular and extracellular milieu.\nHere, we employ the human cardiac sodium channel (hNaV\n1.5), expressed in Xenopus\noocytes, to demonstrate the cut-open setup and protocol as well as modifications that are required to add voltage clamp fluorometry capability.\nThe properties of fast activating ion channels, such as hNaV\n1.5, cannot be fully resolved near room temperature using TEVC, in which the entirety of the oocyte membrane is clamped, making voltage control difficult. However, in the cut-open technique, isolation of only a small portion of the cell membrane allows for the rapid clamping required to accurately record fast kinetics while preventing channel run-down associated with patch clamp techniques.\nIn conjunction with the COVG technique, ion channel kinetics and electrophysiological properties can be further assayed by using voltage clamp fluorometry, where protein motion is tracked via cysteine conjugation of extracellularly applied fluorophores, insertion of genetically encoded fluorescent proteins, or the incorporation of unnatural amino acids into the region of interest1\n. This additional data yields kinetic information about voltage-dependent conformational rearrangements of the protein via changes in the microenvironment surrounding the fluorescent molecule.\nDevelopmental Biology, Issue 85, Voltage clamp, Cut-open, Oocyte, Voltage Clamp Fluorometry, Sodium Channels, Ionic Currents, Xenopus laevis\nIsolation and Functional Characterization of Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes from Fresh Surgical Samples\nInstitutions: University of Florence, University of Florence.\nCardiomyocytes from diseased hearts are subjected to complex remodeling processes involving changes in cell structure, excitation contraction coupling and membrane ion currents. Those changes are likely to be responsible for the increased arrhythmogenic risk and the contractile alterations leading to systolic and diastolic dysfunction in cardiac patients. However, most information on the alterations of myocyte function in cardiac diseases has come from animal models.\nHere we describe and validate a protocol to isolate viable myocytes from small surgical samples of ventricular myocardium from patients undergoing cardiac surgery operations. The protocol is described in detail. Electrophysiological and intracellular calcium measurements are reported to demonstrate the feasibility of a number of single cell measurements in human ventricular cardiomyocytes obtained with this method.\nThe protocol reported here can be useful for future investigations of the cellular and molecular basis of functional alterations of the human heart in the presence of different cardiac diseases. Further, this method can be used to identify novel therapeutic targets at cellular level and to test the effectiveness of new compounds on human cardiomyocytes, with direct translational value.\nMedicine, Issue 86, cardiology, cardiac cells, electrophysiology, excitation-contraction coupling, action potential, calcium, myocardium, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cardiac patients, cardiac disease\nThe ChroP Approach Combines ChIP and Mass Spectrometry to Dissect Locus-specific Proteomic Landscapes of Chromatin\nInstitutions: European Institute of Oncology.\nChromatin is a highly dynamic nucleoprotein complex made of DNA and proteins that controls various DNA-dependent processes. Chromatin structure and function at specific regions is regulated by the local enrichment of histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs) and variants, chromatin-binding proteins, including transcription factors, and DNA methylation. The proteomic characterization of chromatin composition at distinct functional regions has been so far hampered by the lack of efficient protocols to enrich such domains at the appropriate purity and amount for the subsequent in-depth analysis by Mass Spectrometry (MS). We describe here a newly designed chromatin proteomics strategy, named ChroP (Chromatin Proteomics\n), whereby a preparative chromatin immunoprecipitation is used to isolate distinct chromatin regions whose features, in terms of hPTMs, variants and co-associated non-histonic proteins, are analyzed by MS. We illustrate here the setting up of ChroP for the enrichment and analysis of transcriptionally silent heterochromatic regions, marked by the presence of tri-methylation of lysine 9 on histone H3. The results achieved demonstrate the potential of ChroP\nin thoroughly characterizing the heterochromatin proteome and prove it as a powerful analytical strategy for understanding how the distinct protein determinants of chromatin interact and synergize to establish locus-specific structural and functional configurations.\nBiochemistry, Issue 86, chromatin, histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs), epigenetics, mass spectrometry, proteomics, SILAC, chromatin immunoprecipitation , histone variants, chromatome, hPTMs cross-talks\nMutagenesis and Functional Analysis of Ion Channels Heterologously Expressed in Mammalian Cells\nInstitutions: Salk Institute for Biological Studies.\nWe will demonstrate how to study the functional effects of introducing a point mutation in an ion channel. We study G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (referred to as GIRK) channels, which are important for regulating the excitability of neurons. There are four different mammalian GIRK channel subunits (GIRK1-GIRK4) - we focus on GIRK2 because it forms a homotetramer. Stimulation of different types of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as the muscarinic receptor (M2R), leads to activation of GIRK channels. Alcohol also directly activates GIRK channels. We will show how to mutate one amino acid by specifically changing one or more nucleotides in the cDNA for the GIRK channel. This mutated cDNA sequence will be amplified in bacteria, purified, and the presence of the point mutation will be confirmed by DNA sequencing. The cDNAs for the mutated and wild-type GIRK channels will be transfected into human embryonic kidney HEK293T cells cultured in vitro\n. Lastly, whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology will be used to study the macroscopic potassium currents through the ectopically expressed wild-type or mutated GIRK channels. In this experiment, we will examine the effect of a L257W mutation in GIRK2 channels on M2R-dependent and alcohol-dependent activation.\nCellular Biology, Issue 44, Ion channels, electrophysiology, patch-clamping, site-directed mutagenesis, biophysics, neuroscience\nOne-channel Cell-attached Patch-clamp Recording\nInstitutions: University at Buffalo, SUNY, University at Buffalo, SUNY, The Scripps Research Institute, University at Buffalo, SUNY.\nIon channel proteins are universal devices for fast communication across biological membranes. The temporal signature of the ionic flux they generate depends on properties intrinsic to each channel protein as well as the mechanism by which it is generated and controlled and represents an important area of current research. Information about the operational dynamics of ion channel proteins can be obtained by observing long stretches of current produced by a single molecule. Described here is a protocol for obtaining one-channel cell-attached patch-clamp current recordings for a ligand gated ion channel, the NMDA receptor, expressed heterologously in HEK293 cells or natively in cortical neurons. Also provided are instructions on how to adapt the method to other ion channels of interest by presenting the example of the mechano-sensitive channel PIEZO1. This method can provide data regarding the channel’s conductance properties and the temporal sequence of open-closed conformations that make up the channel’s activation mechanism, thus helping to understand their functions in health and disease.\nNeuroscience, Issue 88, biophysics, ion channels, single-channel recording, NMDA receptors, gating, electrophysiology, patch-clamp, kinetic analysis\nThe Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism\nInstitutions: University of Montréal, McGill University, University of Minnesota.\nTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulation technique that has been increasingly used over the past decade in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders such as stroke and depression. Yet, the mechanisms underlying its ability to modulate brain excitability to improve clinical symptoms remains poorly understood 33\n. To help improve this understanding, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1\nH-MRS) can be used as it allows the in vivo\nquantification of brain metabolites such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate in a region-specific manner 41\n. In fact, a recent study demonstrated that 1\nH-MRS is indeed a powerful means to better understand the effects of tDCS on neurotransmitter concentration 34\n. This article aims to describe the complete protocol for combining tDCS (NeuroConn MR compatible stimulator) with 1\nH-MRS at 3 T using a MEGA-PRESS sequence. We will describe the impact of a protocol that has shown great promise for the treatment of motor dysfunctions after stroke, which consists of bilateral stimulation of primary motor cortices 27,30,31\n. Methodological factors to consider and possible modifications to the protocol are also discussed.\nNeuroscience, Issue 93, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, transcranial direct current stimulation, primary motor cortex, GABA, glutamate, stroke\nBladder Smooth Muscle Strip Contractility as a Method to Evaluate Lower Urinary Tract Pharmacology\nInstitutions: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.\nWe describe an in vitro\nmethod to measure bladder smooth muscle contractility, and its use for investigating physiological and pharmacological properties of the smooth muscle as well as changes induced by pathology. This method provides critical information for understanding bladder function while overcoming major methodological difficulties encountered in in vivo\nexperiments, such as surgical and pharmacological manipulations that affect stability and survival of the preparations, the use of human tissue, and/or the use of expensive chemicals. It also provides a way to investigate the properties of each bladder component (i.e.\nsmooth muscle, mucosa, nerves) in healthy and pathological conditions.\nThe urinary bladder is removed from an anesthetized animal, placed in Krebs solution and cut into strips. Strips are placed into a chamber filled with warm Krebs solution. One end is attached to an isometric tension transducer to measure contraction force, the other end is attached to a fixed rod. Tissue is stimulated by directly adding compounds to the bath or by electric field stimulation electrodes that activate nerves, similar to triggering bladder contractions in vivo\n. We demonstrate the use of this method to evaluate spontaneous smooth muscle contractility during development and after an experimental spinal cord injury, the nature of neurotransmission (transmitters and receptors involved), factors involved in modulation of smooth muscle activity, the role of individual bladder components, and species and organ differences in response to pharmacological agents. Additionally, it could be used for investigating intracellular pathways involved in contraction and/or relaxation of the smooth muscle, drug structure-activity relationships and evaluation of transmitter release.\nThe in vitro\nsmooth muscle contractility method has been used extensively for over 50 years, and has provided data that significantly contributed to our understanding of bladder function as well as to pharmaceutical development of compounds currently used clinically for bladder management.\nMedicine, Issue 90, Krebs, species differences, in vitro, smooth muscle contractility, neural stimulation\nIn Vitro Reconstitution of Light-harvesting Complexes of Plants and Green Algae\nInstitutions: VU University Amsterdam.\nIn plants and green algae, light is captured by the light-harvesting complexes (LHCs), a family of integral membrane proteins that coordinate chlorophylls and carotenoids. In vivo\n, these proteins are folded with pigments to form complexes which are inserted in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. The high similarity in the chemical and physical properties of the members of the family, together with the fact that they can easily lose pigments during isolation, makes their purification in a native state challenging. An alternative approach to obtain homogeneous preparations of LHCs was developed by Plumley and Schmidt in 19871\n, who showed that it was possible to reconstitute these complexes in vitro\nstarting from purified pigments and unfolded apoproteins, resulting in complexes with properties very similar to that of native complexes. This opened the way to the use of bacterial expressed recombinant proteins for in vitro\nreconstitution. The reconstitution method is powerful for various reasons: (1) pure preparations of individual complexes can be obtained, (2) pigment composition can be controlled to assess their contribution to structure and function, (3) recombinant proteins can be mutated to study the functional role of the individual residues (e.g.,\npigment binding sites) or protein domain (e.g.,\nprotein-protein interaction, folding). This method has been optimized in several laboratories and applied to most of the light-harvesting complexes. The protocol described here details the method of reconstituting light-harvesting complexes in vitro\ncurrently used in our laboratory,\nand examples describing applications of the method are provided.\nBiochemistry, Issue 92, Reconstitution, Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll, Carotenoids, Light Harvesting Protein, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Arabidopsis thaliana\nHigh Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry\nInstitutions: Medical College of Wisconsin, Stanford University School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Hong Kong University, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin.\nThere is an urgent need to develop approaches for repairing the damaged heart, discovering new therapeutic drugs that do not have toxic effects on the heart, and improving strategies to accurately model heart disease. The potential of exploiting human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology to generate cardiac muscle “in a dish” for these applications continues to generate high enthusiasm. In recent years, the ability to efficiently generate cardiomyogenic cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has greatly improved, offering us new opportunities to model very early stages of human cardiac development not otherwise accessible. In contrast to many previous methods, the cardiomyocyte differentiation protocol described here does not require cell aggregation or the addition of Activin A or BMP4 and robustly generates cultures of cells that are highly positive for cardiac troponin I and T (TNNI3, TNNT2), iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-4 (IRX4), myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform (MLC2v) and myosin regulatory light chain 2, atrial isoform (MLC2a) by day 10 across all human embryonic stem cell (hESC) and hiPSC lines tested to date. Cells can be passaged and maintained for more than 90 days in culture. The strategy is technically simple to implement and cost-effective. Characterization of cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent cells often includes the analysis of reference markers, both at the mRNA and protein level. For protein analysis, flow cytometry is a powerful analytical tool for assessing quality of cells in culture and determining subpopulation homogeneity. However, technical variation in sample preparation can significantly affect quality of flow cytometry data. Thus, standardization of staining protocols should facilitate comparisons among various differentiation strategies. Accordingly, optimized staining protocols for the analysis of IRX4, MLC2v, MLC2a, TNNI3, and TNNT2 by flow cytometry are described.\nCellular Biology, Issue 91, human induced pluripotent stem cell, flow cytometry, directed differentiation, cardiomyocyte, IRX4, TNNI3, TNNT2, MCL2v, MLC2a\nProtein WISDOM: A Workbench for In silico De novo Design of BioMolecules\nInstitutions: Princeton University.\nThe aim of de novo\nprotein design is to find the amino acid sequences that will fold into a desired 3-dimensional structure with improvements in specific properties, such as binding affinity, agonist or antagonist behavior, or stability, relative to the native sequence. Protein design lies at the center of current advances drug design and discovery. Not only does protein design provide predictions for potentially useful drug targets, but it also enhances our understanding of the protein folding process and protein-protein interactions. Experimental methods such as directed evolution have shown success in protein design. However, such methods are restricted by the limited sequence space that can be searched tractably. In contrast, computational design strategies allow for the screening of a much larger set of sequences covering a wide variety of properties and functionality. We have developed a range of computational de novo\nprotein design methods capable of tackling several important areas of protein design. These include the design of monomeric proteins for increased stability and complexes for increased binding affinity.\nTo disseminate these methods for broader use we present Protein WISDOM (https://www.proteinwisdom.org), a tool that provides automated methods for a variety of protein design problems. Structural templates are submitted to initialize the design process. The first stage of design is an optimization sequence selection stage that aims at improving stability through minimization of potential energy in the sequence space. Selected sequences are then run through a fold specificity stage and a binding affinity stage. A rank-ordered list of the sequences for each step of the process, along with relevant designed structures, provides the user with a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the design. Here we provide the details of each design method, as well as several notable experimental successes attained through the use of the methods.\nGenetics, Issue 77, Molecular Biology, Bioengineering, Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computational Biology, Genomics, Proteomics, Protein, Protein Binding, Computational Biology, Drug Design, optimization (mathematics), Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins, De novo protein and peptide design, Drug design, In silico sequence selection, Optimization, Fold specificity, Binding affinity, sequencing\nMechanical Stimulation-induced Calcium Wave Propagation in Cell Monolayers: The Example of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells\nInstitutions: KU Leuven.\nIntercellular communication is essential for the coordination of physiological processes between cells in a variety of organs and tissues, including the brain, liver, retina, cochlea and vasculature. In experimental settings, intercellular Ca2+\n-waves can be elicited by applying a mechanical stimulus to a single cell. This leads to the release of the intracellular signaling molecules IP3\nthat initiate the propagation of the Ca2+\n-wave concentrically from the mechanically stimulated cell to the neighboring cells. The main molecular pathways that control intercellular Ca2+\n-wave propagation are provided by gap junction channels through the direct transfer of IP3\nand by hemichannels through the release of ATP. Identification and characterization of the properties and regulation of different connexin and pannexin isoforms as gap junction channels and hemichannels are allowed by the quantification of the spread of the intercellular Ca2+\n-wave, siRNA, and the use of inhibitors of gap junction channels and hemichannels. Here, we describe a method to measure intercellular Ca2+\n-wave in monolayers of primary corneal endothelial cells loaded with Fluo4-AM in response to a controlled and localized mechanical stimulus provoked by an acute, short-lasting deformation of the cell as a result of touching the cell membrane with a micromanipulator-controlled glass micropipette with a tip diameter of less than 1 μm. We also describe the isolation of primary bovine corneal endothelial cells and its use as model system to assess Cx43-hemichannel activity as the driven force for intercellular Ca2+\n-waves through the release of ATP. Finally, we discuss the use, advantages, limitations and alternatives of this method in the context of gap junction channel and hemichannel research.\nCellular Biology, Issue 77, Molecular Biology, Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Immunology, Ophthalmology, Gap Junctions, Connexins, Connexin 43, Calcium Signaling, Ca2+, Cell Communication, Paracrine Communication, Intercellular communication, calcium wave propagation, gap junctions, hemichannels, endothelial cells, cell signaling, cell, isolation, cell culture\nOptimized Transfection Strategy for Expression and Electrophysiological Recording of Recombinant Voltage-Gated Ion Channels in HEK-293T Cells\nInstitutions: University of Waterloo.\nThe in vitro\nexpression and electrophysiological recording of recombinant voltage-gated ion channels in cultured human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293T) is a ubiquitous research strategy. HEK-293T cells must be plated onto glass coverslips at low enough density so that they are not in contact with each other in order to allow for electrophysiological recording without confounding effects due to contact with adjacent cells. Transfected channels must also express with high efficiency at the plasma membrane for whole-cell patch clamp recording of detectable currents above noise levels. Heterologous ion channels often require long incubation periods at 28°C after transfection in order to achieve adequate membrane expression, but there are increasing losses of cell-coverslip adhesion and membrane stability at this temperature. To circumvent this problem, we developed an optimized strategy to transfect and plate HEK-293T cells. This method requires that cells be transfected at a relatively high confluency, and incubated at 28°C for varying incubation periods post-transfection to allow for adequate ion channel protein expression. Transfected cells are then plated onto glass coverslips and incubated at 37°C for several hours, which allows for rigid cell attachment to the coverslips and membrane restabilization. Cells can be recorded shortly after plating, or can be transferred to 28°C for further incubation. We find that the initial incubation at 28°C, after transfection but before plating, is key for the efficient expression of heterologous ion channels that normally do not express well at the plasma membrane. Positively transfected, cultured cells are identified by co-expressed eGFP or eGFP expressed from a bicistronic vector (e.g. pIRES2-EGFP) containing the recombinant ion channel cDNA just upstream of an internal ribosome entry site and an eGFP coding sequence. Whole-cell patch clamp recording requires specialized equipment, plus the crafting of polished recording electrodes and L-shaped ground electrodes from borosilicate glass. Drug delivery to study the pharmacology of ion channels can be achieved by directly micropipetting drugs into the recording dish, or by using microperfusion or gravity flow systems that produce uninterrupted streams of drug solution over recorded cells.\nNeuroscience, Issue 47, brain, invertebrate, calcium channel, electrophysiology, voltage-gated\nMembrane Potentials, Synaptic Responses, Neuronal Circuitry, Neuromodulation and Muscle Histology Using the Crayfish: Student Laboratory Exercises\nInstitutions: University of Kentucky, University of Toronto.\nThe purpose of this report is to help develop an understanding of the effects caused by ion gradients across a biological membrane. Two aspects that influence a cell's membrane potential and which we address in these experiments are: (1) Ion concentration of K+\non the outside of the membrane, and (2) the permeability of the membrane to specific ions. The crayfish abdominal extensor muscles are in groupings with some being tonic (slow) and others phasic (fast) in their biochemical and physiological phenotypes, as well as in their structure; the motor neurons that innervate these muscles are correspondingly different in functional characteristics. We use these muscles as well as the superficial, tonic abdominal flexor muscle to demonstrate properties in synaptic transmission. In addition, we introduce a sensory-CNS-motor neuron-muscle circuit to demonstrate the effect of cuticular sensory stimulation as well as the influence of neuromodulators on certain aspects of the circuit. With the techniques obtained in this exercise, one can begin to answer many questions remaining in other experimental preparations as well as in physiological applications related to medicine and health. We have demonstrated the usefulness of model invertebrate preparations to address fundamental questions pertinent to all animals.\nNeuroscience, Issue 47, Invertebrate, Crayfish, neurophysiology, muscle, anatomy, electrophysiology\nWhole-Cell Recording of Calcium Release-Activated Calcium (CRAC) Currents in Human T Lymphocytes\nInstitutions: University of California, Davis.\nIn T lymphocytes, depletion of Ca2+\nfrom the intracellular Ca2+\nstore leads to activation of plasmalemmal Ca2+\nchannels, called Calcium Release-Activated Calcium (CRAC) channels. CRAC channels play important role in regulation of T cell proliferation and gene expression. Abnormal CRAC channel function in T cells has been linked to severe combined immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases 1, 2\n. Studying CRAC channel function in human T cells may uncover new molecular mechanisms regulating normal immune responses and unravel the causes of related human diseases. Electrophysiological recordings of membrane currents provide the most accurate assessment of functional channel properties and their regulation. Electrophysiological assessment of CRAC channel currents in Jurkat T cells, a human leukemia T cell line, was first performed more than 20 years ago 3\n, however, CRAC current measurements in normal human T cells remains a challenging task. The difficulties in recording CRAC channel currents in normal T cells are compounded by the fact that blood-derived T lymphocytes are much smaller in size than Jurkat T cells and, therefore, the endogenous whole-cell CRAC currents are very low in amplitude. Here, we give a step-by-step procedure that we routinely use to record the Ca2+\ncurrents via CRAC channels in resting human T cells isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers. The method described here was adopted from the procedures used for recording the CRAC currents in Jurkat T cells and activated human T cells 4-8\nImmunology, Issue 46, human T lymphocytes, CRAC channels, CRAC currents, patch-clamp\nRecapitulation of an Ion Channel IV Curve Using Frequency Components\nInstitutions: University of Utah.\nINTRODUCTION: Presently, there are no established methods to measure multiple ion channel types simultaneously and decompose the measured current into portions attributable to each channel type. This study demonstrates how impedance spectroscopy may be used to identify specific frequencies that highly correlate with the steady state current amplitude measured during voltage clamp experiments. The method involves inserting a noise function containing specific frequencies into the voltage step protocol. In the work presented, a model cell is used to demonstrate that no high correlations are introduced by the voltage clamp circuitry, and also that the noise function itself does not introduce any high correlations when no ion channels are present. This validation is necessary before the technique can be applied to preparations containing ion channels. The purpose of the protocol presented is to demonstrate how to characterize the frequency response of a single ion channel type to a noise function. Once specific frequencies have been identified in an individual channel type, they can be used to reproduce the steady state current voltage (IV) curve. Frequencies that highly correlate with one channel type and minimally correlate with other channel types may then be used to estimate the current contribution of multiple channel types measured simultaneously.\nMETHODS: Voltage clamp measurements were performed on a model cell using a standard voltage step protocol (-150 to +50 mV, 5mV steps). Noise functions containing equal magnitudes of 1-15 kHz frequencies (zero to peak amplitudes: 50 or 100mV) were inserted into each voltage step. The real component of the Fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the output signal was calculated with and without noise for each step potential. The magnitude of each frequency as a function of voltage step was correlated with the current amplitude at the corresponding voltages.\nRESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of noise (control), magnitudes of all frequencies except the DC component correlated poorly (|R|<0.5) with the IV curve, whereas the DC component had a correlation coefficient greater than 0.999 in all measurements. The quality of correlation between individual frequencies and the IV curve did not change when a noise function was added to the voltage step protocol. Likewise, increasing the amplitude of the noise function also did not increase the correlation. Control measurements demonstrate that the voltage clamp circuitry by itself does not cause any frequencies above 0 Hz to highly correlate with the steady-state IV curve. Likewise, measurements in the presence of the noise function demonstrate that the noise function does not cause any frequencies above 0 Hz to correlate with the steady-state IV curve when no ion channels are present. Based on this verification, the method can now be applied to preparations containing a single ion channel type with the intent of identifying frequencies whose amplitudes correlate specifically with that channel type.\nBiophysics, Issue 48, Ion channel, Kir2.1, impedance spectroscopy, frequency response, voltage clamp, electrophysiology\nExamining the Conformational Dynamics of Membrane Proteins in situ with Site-directed Fluorescence Labeling\nInstitutions: Worcester Polytechnic Institute.\nTwo electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology (TEVC) is a powerful tool to investigate the mechanism of ion transport1 for a wide variety of membrane proteins including ion channels2\n, ion pumps3\n, and transporters4\n. Recent developments have combined site-specific fluorophore labeling alongside TEVC to\nconcurrently examine the conformational dynamics at specific residues and function of these proteins on the surface of single cells.\nWe will describe a method to study the conformational dynamics of membrane proteins by simultaneously monitoring fluorescence and current changes using voltage-clamp fluorometry. This approach can be used to examine the molecular motion of membrane proteins site-specifically following cysteine replacement and site-directed fluorophore labeling5,6\n. Furthermore, this method provides an approach to determine distance constraints between specific residues7,8\nThis is achieved by selectively attaching donor and acceptor fluorophores to two mutated cysteine residues of interest.\nIn brief, these experiments are performed following functional expression of the desired protein on the surface of Xenopus leavis\noocytes. The large surface area of these oocytes enables facile functional measurements and a robust fluorescence signal5\n. It is also possible to readily change the extracellular conditions such as pH, ligand or cations/anions, which can provide further information on the mechanism of membrane proteins4\n. Finally, recent developments\nhave also enabled the manipulation of select internal ions following co-expression with a second protein9\nOur protocol is described in multiple parts. First, cysteine scanning mutagenesis proceeded by fluorophore labeling is completed at residues located at the interface of the transmembrane and extracellular domains. Subsequent experiments are designed to identify residues which demonstrate large changes in fluorescence intensity (<5%)3\nupon a conformational change of the protein. Second, these changes in fluorescence intensity are compared to the kinetic parameters of\nthe membrane protein in order to correlate the conformational dynamics to the function of the protein10\n. This enables a rigorous biophysical analysis of the molecular motion of the target protein. Lastly, two residues of the holoenzyme can be labeled with a donor and acceptor fluorophore in order to determine distance constraints using donor photodestruction methods. It is also possible to monitor the relative movement of protein subunits following labeling with a donor and acceptor fluorophore.\nCellular Biology, Issue 51, membrane protein, two electrode voltage-clamp, biophysics, site-specific fluorophore labeling, microscopy, conformational dynamics\nLocal Application of Drugs to Study Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function in Mouse Brain Slices\nInstitutions: Purdue University.\nTobacco use leads to numerous health problems, including cancer, heart disease, emphysema, and stroke. Addiction to cigarette smoking is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder that stems from the biophysical and cellular actions of nicotine on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) throughout the central nervous system. Understanding the various nAChR subtypes that exist in brain areas relevant to nicotine addiction is a major priority.\nExperiments that employ electrophysiology techniques such as whole-cell patch clamp or two-electrode voltage clamp recordings are useful for pharmacological characterization of nAChRs of interest. Cells expressing nAChRs, such as mammalian tissue culture cells or Xenopus laevis\noocytes, are physically isolated and are therefore easily studied using the tools of modern pharmacology. Much progress has been made using these techniques, particularly when the target receptor was already known and ectopic expression was easily achieved. Often, however, it is necessary to study nAChRs in their native environment: in neurons within brain slices acutely harvested from laboratory mice or rats. For example, mice expressing \"hypersensitive\" nAChR subunits such as α4 L9′A mice 1\nand α6 L9′S mice 2\n, allow for unambiguous identification of neurons based on their functional expression of a specific nAChR subunit. Although whole-cell patch clamp recordings from neurons in brain slices is routinely done by the skilled electrophysiologist, it is challenging to locally apply drugs such as acetylcholine or nicotine to the recorded cell within a brain slice. Dilution of drugs into the superfusate (bath application) is not rapidly reversible, and U-tube systems are not easily adapted to work with brain slices.\nIn this paper, we describe a method for rapidly applying nAChR-activating drugs to neurons recorded in adult mouse brain slices. Standard whole-cell recordings are made from neurons in slices, and a second micropipette filled with a drug of interest is maneuvered into position near the recorded cell. An injection of pressurized air or inert nitrogen into the drug-filled pipette causes a small amount of drug solution to be ejected from the pipette onto the recorded cell. Using this method, nAChR-mediated currents are able to be resolved with millisecond accuracy. Drug application times can easily be varied, and the drug-filled pipette can be retracted and replaced with a new pipette, allowing for concentration-response curves to be created for a single neuron. Although described in the context of nAChR neurobiology, this technique should be useful for studying many types of ligand-gated ion channels or receptors in neurons from brain slices.\nNeuroscience, Issue 68, Nicotinic, acetylcholine, neurotransmitter, neuron, patch clamp, brain slice, picospritzer\nIsolation and Kv Channel Recordings in Murine Atrial and Ventricular Cardiomyocytes\nInstitutions: Charité Medical Faculty and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin.\nKCNE genes encode for a small family of Kv channel ancillary subunits that form heteromeric complexes with Kv channel alpha subunits to modify their functional properties. Mutations in KCNE genes have been found in patients with cardiac arrhythmias such as the long QT syndrome and/or atrial fibrillation. However, the precise molecular pathophysiology that leads to these diseases remains elusive. In previous studies the electrophysiological properties of the disease causing mutations in these genes have mostly been studied in heterologous expression systems and we cannot be sure if the reported effects can directly be translated into native cardiomyocytes. In our laboratory we therefore use a different approach. We directly study the effects of KCNE gene deletion in isolated cardiomyocytes from knockout mice by cellular electrophysiology - a unique technique that we describe in this issue of the Journal of Visualized Experiments\n. The hearts from genetically engineered KCNE mice are rapidly excised and mounted onto a Langendorff apparatus by aortic cannulation. Free Ca2+\nin the myocardium is bound by EGTA, and dissociation of cardiac myocytes is then achieved by retrograde perfusion of the coronary arteries with a specialized low Ca2+\nbuffer containing collagenase. Atria, free right ventricular wall and the left ventricle can then be separated by microsurgical techniques. Calcium is then slowly added back to isolated cardiomyocytes in a multiple step comprising washing procedure. Atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes of healthy appearance with no spontaneous contractions are then immediately subjected to electrophysiological analyses by patch clamp technique or other biochemical analyses within the first 6 hours following isolation.\nPhysiology, Issue 73, Medicine, Cellular Biology, Molecular Biology, Genetics, Biomedical Engineering, Anatomy, Cardiology, Cardiac Output, Low, Cardiomyopathies, Heart Failure, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Ventricular Dysfunction, Cardiomyocytes, Kv channel, cardiac arrythmia, electrophysiology, patch clamp, mouse, animal model\nExtracellularly Identifying Motor Neurons for a Muscle Motor Pool in Aplysia californica\nInstitutions: Case Western Reserve University , Case Western Reserve University , Case Western Reserve University .\nIn animals with large identified neurons (e.g.\nmollusks), analysis of motor pools is done using intracellular techniques1,2,3,4\n. Recently, we developed a technique to extracellularly stimulate and record individual neurons in Aplysia californica5\n. We now describe a protocol for using this technique to uniquely identify and characterize motor neurons within a motor pool.\nThis extracellular technique has advantages. First, extracellular electrodes can stimulate and record neurons through the sheath5\n, so it does not need to be removed. Thus, neurons will be healthier in extracellular experiments than in intracellular ones. Second, if ganglia are rotated by appropriate pinning of the sheath, extracellular electrodes can access neurons on both sides of the ganglion, which makes it easier and more efficient to identify multiple neurons in the same preparation. Third, extracellular electrodes do not need to penetrate cells, and thus can be easily moved back and forth among neurons, causing less damage to them. This is especially useful when one tries to record multiple neurons during repeating motor patterns that may only persist for minutes. Fourth, extracellular electrodes are more flexible than intracellular ones during muscle movements. Intracellular electrodes may pull out and damage neurons during muscle contractions. In contrast, since extracellular electrodes are gently pressed onto the sheath above neurons, they usually stay above the same neuron during muscle contractions, and thus can be used in more intact preparations.\nTo uniquely identify motor neurons for a motor pool (in particular, the I1/I3 muscle in Aplysia\n) using extracellular electrodes, one can use features that do not require intracellular measurements as criteria: soma size and location, axonal projection, and muscle innervation4,6,7\n. For the particular motor pool used to illustrate the technique, we recorded from buccal nerves 2 and 3 to measure axonal projections, and measured the contraction forces of the I1/I3 muscle to determine the pattern of muscle innervation for the individual motor neurons.\nWe demonstrate the complete process of first identifying motor neurons using muscle innervation, then characterizing their timing during motor patterns, creating a simplified diagnostic method for rapid identification. The simplified and more rapid diagnostic method is superior for more intact preparations, e.g.\nin the suspended buccal mass preparation8\nor in vivo9\n. This process can also be applied in other motor pools10,11,12\nor in other animal systems2,3,13,14\nNeuroscience, Issue 73, Physiology, Biomedical Engineering, Anatomy, Behavior, Neurobiology, Animal, Neurosciences, Neurophysiology, Electrophysiology, Aplysia, Aplysia californica, California sea slug, invertebrate, feeding, buccal mass, ganglia, motor neurons, neurons, extracellular stimulation and recordings, extracellular electrodes, animal model\nMeasuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays\nInstitutions: Technical University of Berlin, Oregon Health & Science University.\nWhereas cation transport by the electrogenic membrane transporter Na+\n-ATPase can be measured by electrophysiology, the electroneutrally operating gastric H+\n-ATPase is more difficult to investigate. Many transport assays utilize radioisotopes to achieve a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio, however, the necessary security measures impose severe restrictions regarding human exposure or assay design. Furthermore, ion transport across cell membranes is critically influenced by the membrane potential, which is not straightforwardly controlled in cell culture or in proteoliposome preparations. Here, we make use of the outstanding sensitivity of atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) towards trace amounts of chemical elements to measure Rb+\ntransport by Na+\n- or gastric H+\n-ATPase in single cells. Using Xenopus\noocytes as expression system, we determine the amount of Rb+\n) transported into the cells by measuring samples of single-oocyte homogenates in an AAS device equipped with a transversely heated graphite atomizer (THGA) furnace, which is loaded from an autosampler. Since the background of unspecific Rb+\nuptake into control oocytes or during application of ATPase-specific inhibitors is very small, it is possible to implement complex kinetic assay schemes involving a large number of experimental conditions simultaneously, or to compare the transport capacity and kinetics of site-specifically mutated transporters with high precision. Furthermore, since cation uptake is determined on single cells, the flux experiments can be carried out in combination with two-electrode voltage-clamping (TEVC) to achieve accurate control of the membrane potential and current. This allowed e.g.\nto quantitatively determine the 3Na+\ntransport stoichiometry of the Na+\n-ATPase and enabled for the first time to investigate the voltage dependence of cation transport by the electroneutrally operating gastric H+\n-ATPase. In principle, the assay is not limited to K+\n-transporting membrane proteins, but it may work equally well to address the activity of heavy or transition metal transporters, or uptake of chemical elements by endocytotic processes.\nBiochemistry, Issue 72, Chemistry, Biophysics, Bioengineering, Physiology, Molecular Biology, electrochemical processes, physical chemistry, spectrophotometry (application), spectroscopic chemical analysis (application), life sciences, temperature effects (biological, animal and plant), Life Sciences (General), Na+,K+-ATPase, H+,K+-ATPase, Cation Uptake, P-type ATPases, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), Two-Electrode Voltage-Clamp, Xenopus Oocytes, Rb+ Flux, Transversely Heated Graphite Atomizer (THGA) Furnace, electrophysiology, animal model\nReconstitution of a Kv Channel into Lipid Membranes for Structural and Functional Studies\nInstitutions: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas.\nTo study the lipid-protein interaction in a reductionistic fashion, it is necessary to incorporate the membrane proteins into membranes of well-defined lipid composition. We are studying the lipid-dependent gating effects in a prototype voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel, and have worked out detailed procedures to reconstitute the channels into different membrane systems. Our reconstitution procedures take consideration of both detergent-induced fusion of vesicles and the fusion of protein/detergent micelles with the lipid/detergent mixed micelles as well as the importance of reaching an equilibrium distribution of lipids among the protein/detergent/lipid and the detergent/lipid mixed micelles. Our data suggested that the insertion of the channels in the lipid vesicles is relatively random in orientations, and the reconstitution efficiency is so high that no detectable protein aggregates were seen in fractionation experiments. We have utilized the reconstituted channels to determine the conformational states of the channels in different lipids, record electrical activities of a small number of channels incorporated in planar lipid bilayers, screen for conformation-specific ligands from a phage-displayed peptide library, and support the growth of 2D crystals of the channels in membranes. The reconstitution procedures described here may be adapted for studying other membrane proteins in lipid bilayers, especially for the investigation of the lipid effects on the eukaryotic voltage-gated ion channels.\nMolecular Biology, Issue 77, Biochemistry, Genetics, Cellular Biology, Structural Biology, Biophysics, Membrane Lipids, Phospholipids, Carrier Proteins, Membrane Proteins, Micelles, Molecular Motor Proteins, life sciences, biochemistry, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins, lipid-protein interaction, channel reconstitution, lipid-dependent gating, voltage-gated ion channel, conformation-specific ligands, lipids\nInhibitory Synapse Formation in a Co-culture Model Incorporating GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons and HEK293 Cells Stably Expressing GABAA Receptors\nInstitutions: University College London.\nInhibitory neurons act in the central nervous system to regulate the dynamics and spatio-temporal co-ordination of neuronal networks. GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is the predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. It is released from the presynaptic terminals of inhibitory neurons within highly specialized intercellular junctions known as synapses, where it binds to GABAA\nRs) present at the plasma membrane of the synapse-receiving, postsynaptic neurons. Activation of these GABA-gated ion channels leads to influx of chloride resulting in postsynaptic potential changes that decrease the probability that these neurons will generate action potentials.\nDuring development, diverse types of inhibitory neurons with distinct morphological, electrophysiological and neurochemical characteristics have the ability to recognize their target neurons and form synapses which incorporate specific GABAA\nRs subtypes. This principle of selective innervation of neuronal targets raises the question as to how the appropriate synaptic partners identify each other.\nTo elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, a novel in vitro\nco-culture model system was established, in which medium spiny GABAergic neurons, a highly homogenous population of neurons isolated from the embryonic striatum, were cultured with stably transfected HEK293 cell lines that express different GABAA\nR subtypes. Synapses form rapidly, efficiently and selectively in this system, and are easily accessible for quantification. Our results indicate that various GABAA\nR subtypes differ in their ability to promote synapse formation, suggesting that this reduced in vitro\nmodel system can be used to reproduce, at least in part, the in vivo\nconditions required for the recognition of the appropriate synaptic partners and formation of specific synapses. Here the protocols for culturing the medium spiny neurons and generating HEK293 cells lines expressing GABAA\nRs are first described, followed by detailed instructions on how to combine these two cell types in co-culture and analyze the formation of synaptic contacts.\nNeuroscience, Issue 93, Developmental neuroscience, synaptogenesis, synaptic inhibition, co-culture, stable cell lines, GABAergic, medium spiny neurons, HEK 293 cell line", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Research Scientist I - EX (CSL)\nThe Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research (BTCCCR) at Seattle Children's Research Institute (SCRI) seeks to develop innovative new cellular therapies and translate these advances to groundbreaking clinical trials for children with the most aggressive forms of cancer. The Center's long-term mission is to eventually replace cancer therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy with \"smart\" therapies capable of eliminating cancer with precision, leaving the body unharmed.\nThis is an opportunity for a Research Scientist to join the Correlative Studies Laboratory, focused on elucidating the T cell intrinsic factors that determine the success of immunotherapy. The successful candidate will process incoming clinical samples and perform flow cytometry and other assays. Responsibilities will include operating standardized scientific procedures and techniques in a highly regulated environment (GLP compliant) for clinical research applications; contributing to the planning, design, execution and interpretation of process optimization experiments (process development and/or assay development); making detailed observations, recording data, as well as assessing the processes and results for reliability/efficacy/compliance. The candidate should have excellent oral, writing and organizational skills, careful attention to detail, integrity, credibility and a positive attitude in daily performance.\nRequired Education/Experience: - Bachelor's Degree in an engineering or scientific discipline . - Prior experience in a laboratory setting; may include relevant educational programs. Preferred: - Significant experience conducting research in area of specialization. - Some experience with laboratory management.\n- This posting is for a Research Scientist I or Research Scientist II; final position will be based on the final candidate's qualifications.*\nMeet Some of Seattle Children's's Employees\nClinical Research Associate\nShannon works with sites across the nation that conduct cystic fibrosis trials to ensure that they have everything they need to perform their life-saving clinical research successfully.\nBack to top", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Dr. Marika Stone was originally from Alaska, where she grew up and attended high school. While in Ketchikan, Alaska, she and her dentist discovered they both liked tying flies for fly fishing. Her dentist suggested she pursue a career in dentistry, as she had an eye for detail. She attended dental school at the University of Minnesota: School of Dentistry, where she was awarded her Doctor of Dental Surgery degree. She went on to complete a hospital-based residency in San Antonio, Texas.\nAfter completion of her residency, she moved to Bend, Oregon, and purchased Mill Point Dental Center in 2008. She owned Mill Point Dental Center for over 10 years, during which time she was a very active member of the local community. She became a name in the local cycling community, as she had a great talent for endurance. She developed relationships with her patients that were meaningful and long-lasting. As a dentist, she pursued education and knowledge to further her ability to provide the highest quality of care possible to those who sat in her chair.\nOn December 30, 2017, she was tragically killed by an impaired motorist while out riding her bicycle in Bend, Oregon. She left behind a family of two children, Kiptyn and Kinley; her husband, Jerry; and several relatives and family members.\nAs Dr. Stone made going to the dentist easier for her patients, this page is a memorial to her legacy. As the Mill Point Dental team moves forward with Dr. Chelsea Longlet and Dr. Michael Longlet, we will keep Dr. Stone’s legacy near and dear to our hearts.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The 2011 Cancer Diagnostics Market: New Product Development Opportunities, Market Penetration Strategies, Entry Barriers and Risks16 Feb 2011 • by Natalie Aster\nNew York - The report “The 2011 Cancer Diagnostics Market: New Product Development Opportunities, Market Penetration Strategies, Entry Barriers and Risks” by Venture Planning Group identifies major opportunities emerging in the cancer diagnostics market during the next ten years; proposes “ideal” product models with tentative prices and operating characteristics; and suggests alternative business expansion strategies for suppliers.\nPublished: October 2010\nPrice: US$ 850.00\nReport Sample Abstract\nMatritech's serum based assay reacts with PC-1. Matritech was granted an exclusive worldwide license to prostate cancer-specific nuclear matrix proteins, including PC-1 developed by Johns Hopkins. The specificity of this antibody for cancerous nuclei, as well as its potential ability to identify pre-cancerous conditions on tissue biopsy, may offer an advantage over existing prostate cancer diagnostic products. The company researcher found six nuclear matrix proteins which differ in healthy and cancerous colon cells. When these six proteins are present in the nuclear matrix, it is highly likely that the cell is cancerous. Matrix proteins appear to initiate the process by which genes are activated. In cancer cells, the proteins may physically stabilize DNA and trigger cancer.\nResearchers at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center (New York, NY) have developed PCR-based amplification/hybridization assay to detect PSA mRNA. The test is sensitive to detect one cancer cell in a million blood cells. Researchers at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University (New York, NY) have detected the PTI-1 gene in samples of The BRCA syndrome is typified by mutations of BRCA1 gene which codes for a protein expressed in different tissues.\nRoche Elecsys Series\nThe Elecsys 1010 immunoassay system is designed to process small volumes, while the Elecsys 2010 is designed for larger laboratories. For greater testing capacity, two Elecsys analyzers with sample rack modules can be linked with a conveyor system and an LSM. After the bar codes on the sample containers are read, the samples are automatically directed to an analyzer by the LSM, which controls the rational distribution of samples to the analyzers, and checks the analyzer systems and components. The test menu includes third generation TSH, Free T4, Free T3, T4, T3, TUptake (18 minute incubation time) and STAT (9 minute incubation time) Troponin T, CKMB and HCG. By the end of 1997, the company expects to add LH, FSH, Estradiol, Prolactin, Testosterone, Progesterone, CA-125, CA 19-9, CA 15-3, free PSA, Cyfra, NSE, CA 72-4, folic acid, B12 and ferritin. The Elecsys uses electro chemiluminescence detection and streptavidin-coated paramagnetic microparticles. The Elecsys 1010 is a stand-alone, sequential batch analyzer with STAT capability. It offers six on-board reagents, 66-sample capacity, and throughput of 45 tests per hour. The Elecsys 2010 is a random access analyzer. It holds 15 on-board reagents and offers nearly twice the throughput of the Elecsys 1010.\nMore information can be found in the report “The 2011 Cancer Diagnostics Market: New Product Development Opportunities, Market Penetration Strategies, Entry Barriers and Risks” by Venture Planning Group .\nTo order the report or ask for sample pages contact firstname.lastname@example.org", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Would you like to get back in good shape fast and fast?\nOne of the better ways to shed weight is by using an excellent and natural garcinia cambogia on dr oz show.\nNatural weight loss supplements use a come a long way and some of the best ones are now clinically proven to assist weight reduction even without diet or exercise.\nGarcinia cambogia is one such fat loss supplement which includes taken the entire world from a big storm. Garcinia cambogia is actually a small fruit that looks such as a miniature pumpkin and might help lose weight with least amount of changes in your daily diet or exercise routine.\nGarcinia cambogia contains hydroxycitric acid or HCA that is certainly successful in ensuring effortless weight-loss. It ensures a 3-fold effect within your body.\nTo begin with, hydroxycitric acid helps boost metabolism within your body. By improving your metabolic process, HCA encourages the body to get rid of accumulated body fat faster.\nSecondly, it prevents further fat production inside your body. This is the most important benefit of forever garcinia plus. HCA inhibits enzyme ATP citrate lyase from converting sugar into fat inside your body. Thus, it acts as a powerful fat blocker.\nThirdly, it will help increase serotonin inside your body. This assists in curbing your appetite so that you are able to lessen the food intake. Diet control is really important to make certain weight loss.\nGarcinia cambogia is really a powerful weight-loss agent which can help you lose fat even without diet or exercise. However, it is recommended to combine a great garcinia pill having a dieting and exercise to obtain faster fat loss results.\nGarcinia pills are really popular and the best ones include other 100 % natural ingredients like raspberry ketones.\nRaspberry ketone has been around in drogarcinia news for quite a while. It is a powerful fat burner that will burn fat even from the most stubborn areas within your body including your love handles etc.\nRaspberry ketones aid in increasing a protein hormone in your body, called adiponectin. This hormone is inversely linked to fat in your body. It may help shrink fat cells in your body and allow you to lose fat faster.\nGarcinia cambogia pills are successful. Combining it having a detox supplement, further enhances its fat reduction effects. By getting rid of toxins from your body, what are the side effects to garcinia cambogia will help increase your metabolism so your body may help you slim down faster.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Virtual Counseling Services\nTeleHealth and Online Therapy\nImagine receiving counseling services from the comfort and privacy of your own home. Citrine Mental Health offers online therapy sessions which offer a convenient, easy way for clients to access counseling services care via a secure video-conferencing venue. Clients receive the same psychological care offered in our physical offices via secure, HIPAA-compliant video-conferencing with our highly qualified clinical team. The video-conferencing system we use is Doxy.me; a secure, HIPAA-compliant platform that is designed specifically for TeleHealth and privacy requirements. It is far more secure than standard video-conference platforms for general use. The only technology requirements a patient needs to access TeleHealth services are a computer or laptop, with a web camera and microphone, and reliable high-speed internet access.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Two liver diseases that affect dogs are chronic hepatitis and copper-associated hepatopathy. These illnesses impair the dog liver's ability to function properly and are life-threatening if not treated.\nAlways take your pet to a veterinarian if you suspect they are experiencing liver problems.\nIf pharmaceutical drugs such as steroids are necessary, ask your vet if your pet would benefit from natural treatments such as milk thistle or antioxidants to combat the harsh effects of NSAID and steroids.\nChronic Hepatitis in dogsChronic hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by a virus, bacterial infection, kidney disease or another unknown source. Affected dogs develop a slowly progressive liver disease.\nDiagnosis of Dogs with Chronic Hepatitis\nDogs suffering from chronic hepatitis experience vague and non-specific symptoms. These symptoms can include a loss of appetite, vomiting, weight loss, depression, lethargy and increased or decreased drinking and urination. As the disease worsens and the liver continues to fail, causing a build up of toxins in the body, jaundice, blood thinning, the accumulation of fluid, and neurological symptoms such as confusion or convulsions, become evident.Blood tests to check liver function are used to diagnose the disease, although a definite diagnosis can only be obtained through a liver biopsy.\nConventional Treatment for Canine Hepatitis\nTraditional treatment for chronic hepatitis in dogs includes trying to remove the source of the problem, such as a toxin in the environment or a primary illness that triggered the hepatitis. Veterinarians also prescribe steroids as well as a low-protein diet to help the liver return to normal function.\nWith long term use, steroids can cause problems in dogs such as diabetis and immune suppression. Some owners turn to natural products to help support the liver in a safer way. These herbs aid the body in healing and in regenerating the damaged liver.\nNatural remedies for chronic hepatitis in dogs include extracts of herbs such as milk thistle, dandelion and phyllanthus. Anecdotal evidence has shown that milk thisle and dandelion reduce inflammation of the liver and encourage new cell growth, while phyllanthus has anti-viral properties effective against hepatitis.\nCopper-associated Hepatopathy in Dogs\nCopper-associated hepatopathy is a condition caused by an excess of copper in the liver. Copper can enter the body through diets high in this mineral, or through copper in the\nenvironment. Some breeds of dogs, dalmations and labradors seem more predisposed to develop this condition.\nThe symptoms of copper-associated hepatopathy include an unhealthy looking coat, depression, and frequent drinking and urinating. The problem is diagnosed through blood tests, which include toxicity testing to determine if there is an excess of copper in the blood stream.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Ayurvedic Solutions for Low Testosterone: Balancing Hormones the Natural Way\nAyurveda, an ancient Indian system of medicine, has been employed for centuries to address a wide array of health concerns. Rooted in the philosophy that the human body comprises mind, body, and spirit, Ayurveda focuses on harmonizing all three components to achieve optimal well-being.\nLow testosterone, a common condition, can manifest in various symptoms like decreased sex drive, fatigue, mood swings, and even erectile dysfunction. Ayurveda offers an array of treatments for low testosterone, aiming to improve both symptoms and overall quality of life.\nProminent Ayurvedic Treatments for Low Testosterone\n- Ashwagandha: This herb has been a cornerstone of Ayurveda for centuries, recognized for enhancing vitality and overall health. Ashwagandha is known to increase testosterone levels, thereby improving sexual function and fertility.\n- Shilajit: Derived from the Himalayas, Shilajit is a mineral-rich substance. Studies have shown its capacity to boost testosterone levels and enhance sperm quality.\n- Tribulus Terrestris: A renowned herb in Ayurveda for male sexual function, Tribulus terrestris can elevate testosterone levels and libido.\n- Shatavari: Though primarily recognized for its benefits in female fertility and hormonal balance, Shatavari may also be beneficial for men with low testosterone.\nAyurveda Embraces Lifestyle Changes\nIn addition to herbal treatments, Ayurveda encourages various lifestyle changes to naturally elevate testosterone levels:\n- Maintaining a Healthy Weight: Obesity is a significant risk factor for low testosterone. Shedding excess weight can improve testosterone levels and overall health.\n- Eating a Balanced Diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is essential for improving testosterone levels and overall health.\n- Regular Exercise: Physical activity plays a vital role in sustaining a healthy weight and boosting testosterone levels.\n- Adequate Sleep: Quality sleep is crucial for overall health and hormone production. Aim for 7-8 hours of restful sleep each night.\n- Stress Management: Chronic stress can lower testosterone levels. Discover healthy strategies to manage stress, such as exercise, yoga, or meditation.\nBefore embracing Ayurvedic treatments for low testosterone, consulting with a healthcare professional is essential. Ayurveda is a holistic system of medicine, and it is crucial to ensure that Ayurvedic treatments are suitable for your specific needs and interact safely with any medications you may be taking.\nPlease be aware that the information in this blog post is for educational purposes and should not be considered as a substitute for professional medical advice. If you are experiencing symptoms of low testosterone, it is imperative to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Medicating with Kava is NOT Worth the Risk\nKava is a fairly well known and utilized herbal remedy for several disorders from anxiety to cancer prevention. The challenge with this herbal is that it also has a very strong tendency to wreak havoc in multiple systems throughout your body. In addition, there are a host of drug interactions that necessitate extreme caution and vigilance when in use. Conditions from chronic fatigue to Hypertension to Diabetes to high cholesterol can each be adversely affected when Kava and medication are in use simultaneously. This is one herbal that I strongly recommend that the average American NOT use. By the way, Kava has already been banned in a few countries abroad.\nFirst, let’s review what Kava is and how people use it. Kava is a plant whose leaves are made into capsules and teas to treat anxiety and various related conditions.\nOrally, it is used to calm the following:\nBenzodiazepine Drug Withdrawal\nWhat makes kava effective is the kava lactones, which affect the brain and other parts of the nervous system.\nWhen Kava Hurts\nSerious conditions including liver damage have occurred, even with short-term use at normal doses. Use of Kava for even just 1 to 3 months has caused the need for liver treatment and has even caused death.\nLarge amounts of Kava tea can lead people to drive erratically leading to traffic tickets issued under the category of “driving under the influence”.\nIn other instances, Kava may actually:\n- Worsen depression\n- Make Parkinson’s disease worse\n- Intensify the effects of anesthesia and other meds used during surgery\nStop using Kava at least 2 weeks before scheduled surgery.\nPregnancy and breastfeeding\nKava may also have the following consequences for nursing mothers:\n- May affect the uterus.\n- Some chemicals in Kava can pass into breast milk and might hurt breast fed infants.\nDrug interactions and Kava\nBelow is only a short list of drug interactions to keep in mind IF you are using Kava:\nWhen taking Xanax, Klnopin, Lorazepam or donnatal, kava may cause excessive sleepiness.\nAlso, Kava can produce the following outcomes when taken with these drugs:\n- Levadopa: Reduced effectiveness (Parkinson’s Disease )\n- Medications that are detoxified by the liver: Elavil, Valium, Celebrex, Glucotrol, Dilantin, Coumadin-decreased liver processing\n- Medications that harm the liver: Tylenol, Diflucan, Erythromycin, Dicantin and Stantins-become intensified.\nPlease note that this is nowhere near an exhaustive list of drug interactions with Kava or side effects. All in all, it is not worth the risk in our assessment to use this herbal element. There are several other natural remedies with far fewer toxic side effects ( i.e.-not likely to contribute to death ) that can be used for any of the conditions of which Kava has been tried.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Ogdensburg DeFelsko employees who dyed their hair pink donate $200 to Claxton-Hepburn radiology department\nOGDENSBURG -- Employees from DeFelsko Corporation in Ogdensburg recently presented a $200 check to Debbie King, radiology manager at Claxton-Hepburn Medical Center.A few of the ladies from DeFelsko each paid $10 to have a section of their hair dyed pink in honor of Breast Cancer Month.\nThe ladies raised $100 and DeFelsko matched the donation.\nThe money will be used to spruce up the patient waiting area outside the breast biopsy room in the radiology department, which is part of the new comprehensive Breath Health Center at Claxton-Hepburn.\nShown in the photo are King and Cindy Carr from DeFelsko.\nFor more information about Claxton-Hepburn’s Breast Health Center call 1-888-908-2462", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Antifertility and Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Leonotis nepetifolia in Male Albino Rats\nB Kadalmani, R Niranjana, Uma A Natarajan, I Sarath Chandiran\nCitation Information :\nKadalmani B, Niranjana R, Natarajan UA, Chandiran IS. Antifertility and Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Leonotis nepetifolia in Male Albino Rats. 2020; 3 (3):115-121.\nBackground and objective: This study based on the antifertility action of Leonotis nepetifolia ethanol extract (whole plant) in the animal model male Wistar Albino rats. Leonotis nepetifolia is reported to have antioxidant activity, antiproliferative potential, hypotensive potential, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, anticancer, laxative and narcotic activities. The plant aids in the recovery of malaria, diarrhea, bronchial asthma, common cold, cough, and fever, particularly used during menstrual pain. Materials and methods: The animals were grouped into four with five rats each. Control group (group I) received normal saline. The other three groups of rats were treated with the specified dose (group II-100 mg/kg, group III-150 mg/kg, and group III-200 mg/kg) of Leonotis nepetifolia ethanolic extract for a period of 55 days. Results: A marked reduction in the weight of accessory sex organs/testis, sperm count, and sperm motility were observed in the treated groups. Serum hormonal levels and few biochemical parameters also showed variation compared to the control group. The reports revealed that the treated adult male rats had decreased the counts of female's impregnation. Conclusion: Hence, this current research concluded that L. nepetifolia ethanolic extract (whole plant) repressed sperm motility, concentration, and the testosterone proving dose-dependent antifertility effect.\nChauhan BS, Naved T. Herbal contraceptives: evaluation of antifertility potential of Hibiscus rosasinensis (Linn.). Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11(11):36–41. DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i11.20531.\nKarthik YP, Vrushabendra SB, Vishwanath KM. Evaluation of anti-fertility activities of leaves of Artabotrys hexapetalus (Linn. f.). Res J Pharmaceut, Biolog Chem Sci 2012;3(2):1121–1134.\nChandrakant J, Shetty AN, Mety S, Ali ML, Mathad P. In vivo Actiniopteris assessment of antifertility potential of pteridophytic plants: radiate Selaginella bryopteris (SW.) L. and (L.) baker in Swiss albino mice. Asian J Pharma Pharmacol 2019;5(1):152–158. DOI: 10.31024/ajpp.2019.5.1.22.\nUmadevi M, Kumar PS, Bhowmik D, Duraivel S. Medicinal plants with potential antifertility activity. J Med Plant Stud 2013;1(1):26–33.\nDhawan NG, Khan AS, Srivastava P. A general appraisal of Leonotis nepetifolia (L) R. br: an essential medicinal plant. Bull Env Pharmacol Life Sci 2013;2(8):118–121.\nBrinda P, Sasikala P, Purushothaman KK. Pharmacognostic studies on merugankizhangu. Bull Med Eth Bot Res 1981;3:84–96.\nZaneveld LJ, Polakoski KL. Collection and physical examination of the ejaculate. Techniq Human Androl 1977. 147–172.\nJohnson Lawrence A, Maxwell WMC, Dobrinsky JR, Welch GR. Staining sperm for viability assessment. Reprod Domest Anim 2007;31(1): 37–47. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.1995.tb00004.x.\nJames SA, Bilbiss L, Muhammad BY. The effects of Catharanthus roseus (L) G. don 1838 aqueous leaf extract on some liver enzymes, serum proteins and vital organs. Sci World J 2007;2(1):5–9.\nReitman S, Frankel S. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Am J Clin Pathol 1957;28(1):56–63. DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/28.1.56.\nKing EJ, Armstrong AR. A convenient method for determining serum and bile phosphatase activity. CMAJ 1934;31(4):376.\nDas S, Vasisht S, Das N, Srivastava LM, Dubey KK, Watal G. Correlation between total antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in hypercholesterolemia. Curr Sci Bangalore 2000;78(4):486.\nRotruck JT, Pope AL, Ganther HE, Swanson AB, Hafeman DG, Hoekstra W. Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science 1973;179(4073):588–590. DOI: 10.1126/science.179.4073.588.\nFriedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972;18(6):499–502. DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499.\nKadalmani B, Girija R, Faridha A, Akbarsha MA. Male reproductive toxic effects of carbendazim: hitherto unreported targets in testis. Indian J Exp Biol 2002;40(1):40–44.\nSharma N, Jocob D. Antifertility investigation and toxicological screening of the petroleum ether extract of the leaves of Menthaarvensis L. in male albino mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2001;75(1):5–12. DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00362-7.\nMathur N, Jain GC, Pandey G. Effect of Tecomastans leaves on the reproductive system of male albino rats. Int J Pharmacol 2010;6(1):152–156.\nMali PC, Ansari AS, Chaturvedi M. Antifertility effect of chronically administered Martyniaannua root extract on male rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;82(2-3):61–67. DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(02)00084-3.\nPurohit A. Antifertility efficacy of Curcuma longa (50% E to H extract) with special reference to serum biochemistry and fertility test. Anc Sci Life 1999;18(3-4):192.\nAjayi AF, Akhigbe RE. Antifertility activity of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta leaf ethanolic extract in male rats. J Hum Reprod Sci 2012;5(1):43. DOI: 10.4103/0974-1208.97799.\nGupta PC. A preliminary study on effects of leaf extract of Ficus benghalensis (Linn.) on spermatogenesis and fertility in albino mice. Int J Pharm Tech Res 2012;4(1):226–232.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Inscrit le: 11 Fév 2018\n|Posté le: Mar 13 Mar 2018 - 07:50 Sujet du message: which immediately\n|Malignant mesothelioma is an asbestos cancer form that has an impact on the thin tissue layer that is there in the internal organs of the body http://www.maillotsdefootbelgique.be/maillot-jordan-lukaku.html , commonly known as mesothelium. The main reason responsible for malignant mesothelioma is asbestos exposure.Health care providers have divided malignant mesothelioma into various kinds on the basis of mesothelium area. It includes pleural mesothelioma, peritoneal mesothelioma, pericardial mesothelioma and testicular mesothelioma.Pleural Mesothelioma: is the most common cancer form that has an impact on the lungs lining, commonly known as pleura.Peritoneal Mesothelioma: is the second most common cancer form that makes its presence felt in the abdomen lining, commonly known as peritoneum.Pericardial Mesothelioma: makes its presence felt in the membrane that is there around the heart, commonly known as pericardium.Testicular Mesothelioma: is the rarest cancer form that makes its presence felt in the membranous lining surrounding the testicles, commonly known as tunica vaginalis.Malignant Mesothelioma SymptomsPeople suffering from malignant mesothelioma normally do not show any symptoms until 15 to 30 years after asbestos exposure. This happens because of the long latency period that is associated with mesothelioma. The mesothelioma symptoms are quite general and often do not cause any serious condition, which make the whole diagnosis process lot tougher.You will find quite a bit of variation in the malignant mesothelioma symptoms on the basis of mesothelioma type. Some of the common symptoms associated with malignant mesothelioma are breath shortness, persistent cough and chest pain. People suffering from peritoneal mesothelioma may show symptoms like development of lumps, abdominal swelling and modifications in bowel movement. People suffering from pericardial mesothelioma may experience chest pain, fever and heart palpitations. People suffering from testicular mesothelioma may experience testicular lumps.Malignant Mesothelioma TreatmentsIrrespective of the kind of malignant mesothelioma you are suffering from, there are plenty of treatment options available. However, how you are going to react with different treatment options will depend entirely on your overall health condition. Your health care provider will set treatment on the basis of your disease stage and past medical record.To cure mesothelioma and get rid of cancer cells, health care providers normally employ surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. The main objective of radiation and chemotherapy treatments is to get rid of the cancerous cells and stop the growth of cell division. During treatment, main emphasis is on harmful cells but there is a strong possibility that it can also have an impact on the healthy cells. After treatment, you mat experience various side effects. Palliative treatments which give people suffering from malignant mesothelioma comfort can also be used by your health care provider.Malignant Mesothelioma CausesMesothelioma makes its presence felt when asbestos fibers are ingested and make a mark in the body organs. With the passage of time, fibers cause inflammation and scarring, which often results in malignant mesothelioma development. The asbestos fibers also have ability to damage cellular cells. Bad spots Scar tissue Cure\nIf you're intending to now have break-outs frighten treatment or maybe procedure, be sure to do not have any established acne breakouts. The physician or possibly dermatological doctor will not care for acne breakouts scar tissue for people with productive acne breakouts simply because it can make individual frustrated and can in fact trigger bulge.\nWhiteheads Space Treatment plan\nYou need to comprehend of which immediately acne treatment just short-term correct, however it is not a fixed term answer. In fact, pimple require 3 weeks to break out and about, e . g natural look for a whole facial foundation cleaning method, not merely a short term pimples spot solution.\nA great cleanse if you suffer from critical acne pimples is often a delicate remedy in salt water. Salt water definitely will fresh the fats not to mention earth off of your skin layer likewise a good cleaning solution may, but yet devoid of the disadvantageous dehydrating outcomes of a number of projects skin cleansers that will be suitable for acne remedy.\nYou need to use over-the-counter bad acne applications that will with each of your an acne breakout. These are generally mostly applicable and customarily can include well known acne breakout substances for example benzoyl hydrogen peroxide and salicylic plaque created by sugar. You've got to be cautious with one of these whilst and follow the instructions about how exactly considerably to employ and also how again and again to work with these people. In addition, these may always be as well extreme for a few, so when you need questions, you can ask a doctor as well as skin specialist.\nBest Complexion Applications\nGarlic has become the greatest acne treatments there may be. It is stuffed with herbal antioxidants to help ensure that your body looking great, in addition to beans even offers anti-inflammatory together with antibacterial added benefits. Only slash all of the clove amenable together with chafe it directly on the actual skin everywhere a pimples fast is certainly forming.\nPlace Bad spots Treatment solution\nIn the event various at-home pimple remedies are unsuccessful, it is chance to schedulae an appoitment with a real doctor. This is certainly immensely important for all having sore cystic or even nodular complexion. Should agitated or cared for poorly, these could lead to scars as well as irreversible scar tissue. Your personal health-care professional will attempt to work together with you to check the regime custom-tailored for one's skins different needs.\nNormal Acne Treatment\nTypically. Cheap Jerseys From China Cheap Wholesale Jerseys Cheap Jerseys China Wholesale Cheap NFL Jerseys China Cheap NFL Jerseys From China Cheap NFL Jerseys Cheap Jerseys China Cheap Adidas NHL Jerseys Cheap Football Jerseys Wholesale NCAA College Jerseys", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "As per studies and reports , plasma therapy may work only when obtained from recently recovered Covid-19 patient .\nDonating plasma is similar to giving blood or platelets.Plasma regeneration varies in individuals .It takes about 48 hours on an average for it completely regenerate plasma after donation.There are no side effects or weakness after donating plasma.the donor can go back home after the procedure.\nPlasma donation is a safe and comfortable experience, and hospitals are ensuring proper safety for donors .So if you have recently recovered from COVID-19 do come forward to donate your plasma as plasma therapy can help save a life\nHere’s the database of organisations that can be contacted for both requirement and donation of plasma for plasma therapy\n|KAB Welfare Foundation\n|Team Step One (Dr.Monica Bhagat)\n|Rotary Blood Bank (Gurgaon)\n|COVID-19 Plasma Donor-Recipient Help Group India\n|Panthak Saanjh Initiative\n|Blood Donors India\n|Team SOS India\n|Give Red India\nFor more information and update on COVID 19 , please click here\nDisclaimer: Kindly note that some of these numbers have been crowd-sourced from our community and a few from outside the community.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Reliability and validity of an objective structured clinical examination for assessing the clinical performance of residents.Arch Intern Med. 1990 Mar; 150(3):573-7.AI\nClinical performance of residents should be assessed as reliably and validly as possible. This study investigated the reliability and validity of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) for assessing clinical performance of internal medicine residents. Residents were required to take a 17-patient OSCE in their first and second year. Reliability of the OSCE was 0.40. Validity studies indicated second-year students were significantly better than third-year students for five of six OSCE skill scores; first-year students were significantly better for three scores. Resident's scores for diagnosis, plan, and total significantly increased on their second OSCE. Generally faculty overall ratings of residents' clinical performance did not correlate with OSCE scores. American Board of Internal Medicine certifying examination scores were consistently positively correlated only with diagnosis. This 17-case OSCE is a feasible method for obtaining moderately reliable, valid data not available from other sources about the clinical performance of residents. More cases should be added to increase its reliability.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- ADMISSIONS & AID\n- HEALTH, SAFETY & WELL-BEING\n- MEDIA CENTER\nCOVID-19 Risk Management Protocols\nSIT has a team of trained duty officers available 24 hours a day to respond to potential threats to student safety and manage emergency situations.\nSIT has implemented the following health and safety protocols with the goal of reducing COVID-19 infection and the spread of the virus from one location to another. To achieve this goal, SIT adheres to host country entry regulations and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) regulations. If host country entry regulations are more relaxed than CDC regulations, SIT defers to CDC regulations.\nResponding to the dynamic risk horizon caused by COVID-19, and out of an abundance of caution, SIT continues to evaluate and amend many program elements to mitigate risk. These include:\nHomestays have always been an integral part the SIT experience. However, due to the elevated health risk posed by COVID-19, they were suspended in most SIT locations during the pandemic. We are optimistic that homestays will resume in more areas as vaccination rates continue to increase globally. Homestays are permitted with the following conditions:\n- Key COVID-19 indicators are not at elevated levels (e.g. case numbers, vaccination rate, hospitalizations, and hospital capacity)\n- Students participating in homestays are fully vaccinated.\n- To the extent possible, students will only be placed only in homestays where all eligible family members, as defined by host country law, are fully vaccinated. (Please note that homestay families may have children that are not eligible yet for vaccination.)\nIn countries where vaccines are not yet readily available but COVID-19 risk is low (based on key COVID-19 indicators being tracked), homestays with unvaccinated family members may be permitted.\nStudents will be informed about the vaccination status of their homestay family prior to placement. In certain countries where SIT operates, there may be legal limitations to our ability to verify vaccination status.) If there are any unvaccinated family members who are eligible for the vaccine, or if we are not able to formally verify vaccination status, to the extent possible, students will be given the option of alternative accommodation if they are uncomfortable with the arrangement.\n- Homestay families will provide students with single rooms.\nTo the extent possible, in places where these conditions cannot be met or in locations where risk has increased after students have entered the homestay and the homestay is considered unsafe, SIT will utilize alternative accommodation such as hotels, guesthouses, apartments or other viable and safe options available in the program country.\n2. International Excursions\nSIT defines “international excursion” as a student educational trip planned and led by SIT outside of the program host country.\nDue to the elevated health risk posed by COVID-19, international excursions were suspended in most SIT locations during the pandemic. However, as vaccination rates continue to increase globally, more countries are opening borders and easing entry requirements for international travelers.\nSIT will resume international excursion opportunities under the following conditions:\n- Key COVID-19 indicators in the excursion country are not at elevated levels (e.g. case numbers, vaccination rate, hospitalizations, and hospital capacity).\n- There are no prohibitive entry requirements for the excursion location (e.g. borders are open, testing is readily available, and there is not a long quarantine requirement).\n- There are no prohibitive movement restrictions in place within the host country (e.g. limited mobility allowed that would prevent program activities from occurring).\n- Following the excursion, students will be required to obtain a viral PCR test 3-5 days after returning to the program host country (unless students have been tested within a day of departure from the international excursion country.) SIT will arrange and pay for this test.\nIn places where these conditions cannot be met, SIT will replace the international excursion with in-country excursions that have similar learning outcomes.\n3. Independent Travel\nSIT defines “independent travel” as travel within the host country* that: a) occurs during the program’s defined enrollment period; b) is independently organized by a student; c) is unrelated to program activities; d) does not interfere with scheduled program activities; and e) involves an overnight stay.\n*For purposes of this independent travel definition, the countries within the European Schengen zone are considered to be “within the host country.” In cases where independent travel is approved outside of the program host country within the European Schengen zone, students will be required to obtain a viral PCR test 3-5 days after returning to the program host country (unless students have been tested within a day of departure from the country to which they traveled.) Students must arrange and pay for the test.\nFor Spring 2022, independent travel requests for in-country destinations (including travel to other countries within the European Schengen zone) will be considered under the following conditions, as consistent with the Independent Travel Policy:\n- Submission of the independent travel request is consistent with the process steps detailed in the Independent Travel Policy so that a proper review can occur with the academic director and the Student Health, Safety & Well-being regional manager.\n- Students are vaccinated.\n- Key COVID-19 metrics being monitored by SIT are favorable in the region being visited.\n- There are no movement restrictions imposed by the host country government that would impede travel.\nSIT reserves the right to deny or rescind approval for independent travel requests for reasons unrelated to COVID-19, including but not limited to: the location is deemed unsafe; the student is in poor academic standing; etc. If a student receives approval for independent travel and their travel is cancelled for any reason, SIT is not responsible for forfeited travel payments (e.g. cancelled flights, lodging, etc.).\nAs part of our commitment to ensuring the health, safety and well-being of students, staff, and global host communities, SIT requires students to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 prior to the start of their program. According to the Centers for Disease Control, people are considered fully vaccinated two weeks after their second dose in a two-dose series (e.g. Moderna or Pfizer) and two weeks after a single-dose vaccine (e.g. Johnson & Johnson).\nGiven the increase of COVID variants resulting in changes to entry requirements from countries around the world, and varying definitions of how countries define “fully vaccinated,” SIT is strongly recommending that all students receive a COVID-19 booster shot prior to the start of the semester. Data from clinical trials has shown that a booster shot can increase the immune response and help prevent COVID-19 symptoms. Additional information about booster shots can be found on the Center for Disease Control’s website.\nSIT understands that there are legitimate reasons why students may not be vaccinated against COVID-19. We provide the opportunity to petition for an exemption to our vaccination requirement on the grounds of medical reasons, sincerely held religious beliefs, or vaccine unavailability. Petitions will be reviewed by SIT’s Risk Assessment Committee as long as they do not present undue hardship and/or pose a direct threat to the health and safety of the requesting student or to other members of our programs.\nRecognizing that COVID-19 vaccines may not be available in many global locations, SIT strongly encourages—but is not requiring at this time—all program faculty and staff to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19.\nThe CDC recommends universal indoor masking for all teachers, staff, students, and visitors to schools, regardless of vaccination status. Consistent with this recommendation, and to provide maximum protection from COVID variants and prevent possible spread to others, SIT requires that all participants wear a mask in public indoor settings and anywhere else required by local laws, regulations, and guidance.\n6. Tests & Quarantine\nThe following testing protocols are based on CDC guidelines.\nBefore Departure to Host Country\n- Unvaccinated students must take a viral PCR test 1-3 days prior to departure, or in some cases prior to arrival (based on the specific requirements of the host country). Students who test negative should present the test result to airport officials. Students who test positive may not travel.\n- Vaccinated students do not need to obtain a viral PCR test prior to departure (unless required by the host country or when SIT deems it necessary).\nUpon Arrival to Host Country\n- Unvaccinated students must quarantine after arrival for 7 days with receipt of a negative test (taken between day 3-5 of quarantine) OR must quarantine for 10 days if no test is administered. Quarantine requires remaining in a specific room separate from other non-exposed people.\n- Vaccinated students do not need to quarantine upon arrival (unless required by the host country or when SIT deems it necessary).\n- Both unvaccinated & vaccinated students must obtain a viral PCR test 3-5 days after arrival. SIT will arrange and pay for this test.\nPlease note that certain host countries may have additional testing requirements that are not detailed here, such as testing immediately upon arrival or pre-departure testing for all travelers regardless of vaccination status. In these instances, students are expected to pay for the testing required by host countries.\nSIT supports CDC recommendations to mitigate COVID-19 risk in transportation settings, to include: a) wear masks, maintain physical distance, avoid touching surfaces, and practice hand hygiene; b) refrain from eating or drinking, and; c) with regard to the driver, maintain physical distance and request ventilation improvements as needed.\nCOVID RESPONSE PROTOCOL\nQuarantine guidelines should be followed when an individual may have been exposed to the virus and may or may not have been infected.\nIsolation guidelines should be followed when an individual is sick or when that person has been infected with the virus, even if they are non-symptomatic.\na. Who does not need to quarantine. Students 18 years or older who have a known exposure to someone with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 do not need to quarantine if they have received all recommended vaccine doses, including boosters (or have tested positive for COVID-19 through a viral test within the previous 90 days and subsequently recovered and remain non-symptomatic). However, students should wear a well-fitting mask around others for 10 days from the “date of last close contact” (the date of last close contact is considered day 0) and should get tested at least five days after the date of last close contact. In turn, if students test positive or develop COVID-19 symptoms, they should follow the recommendations in the Isolation section below.\nb. Who should quarantine. Students 18 years or older who have a known exposure to someone with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 should quarantine if they are in one of the following groups:\n- Have completed the primary series of recommended vaccine, but have not received a recommended booster shot.\n- Have received the single-dose Johnson & Johnson vaccine (completing the primary series for J&J vaccines) over two months ago, but have not received a recommended booster shot.\n- Are unvaccinated or have not completed a primary vaccine series.\nc. What to do for quarantine. Stay inside housing accommodations and away from other people for at least five full days (day 0 through day 5) after the date of last close contact. The date of last close contact is considered day 0. Students should also:\n- Wear a well-fitting mask when around others at home.\n- For 10 days after the date of last close contact watch for fever (100.4 degrees F or greater) and other COVID-19 symptoms.\n- If symptoms develop, get tested immediately and isolate (see below) until test results are returned. If the test result is positive, continue to follow isolation recommendations. If negative, students can leave housing accommodations, but should continue masking when around others at home and in public until 10 days after the date of last close contact.\n- If symptoms do not develop, get tested at least five days after the date of last close contact.\n2. Positive Test or Symptomatic\nIf a person tests positive and/or is experiencing symptoms consistent with COVID-19, regardless of their vaccination status, SIT follows these CDC guidelines:\na. Isolate. Isolation is used to separate people infected with COVID-19 from those who are not infected. Isolation means staying home in a specific room and separating from other people for at least five full days (day 0 is the first day of symptoms or the date of the positive viral test for non-symptomatic individuals). Those in isolation should:\n- Monitor their symptoms. If students have an emergency warning sign, they should seek emergency medical care immediately.\n- Remain in contact with their health care provider\n- Stay in a separate room from other household members and use a separate bathroom, if possible.\n- Take steps to improve ventilation at home, if possible.\n- Don’t share personal household items, like cups, towels, and utensils.\n- Wear a well-fitting mask when around other people.\n- Take care of themselves (e.g. rest and stay hydrated).\nb. Contact Trace. An infected person can spread COVID-19 starting 48 hours before the person has any symptoms or tests positive. By letting one’s close contacts know they may have been exposed to COVID, they are helping to protect everyone. The CDC defines close contact as someone who was within 6 feet of an infected person for a cumulative total of 15 minutes or more over a 24-hour period starting from two days before illness onset (or, for asymptomatic patients, two days prior to test specimen collection) until the time the patient is isolated.\nc. Ending Isolation. People who had COVID-19 and were symptomatic may be around others after: a) five full days of isolation (day 0 is the first day symptoms appeared), and b) 24 hours with no fever (without using fever-reducing medications), and c) other symptoms of COVID-19 are improving. These individuals should continue to mask around others at home and in public until day 10 (day 6 through day 10).\n- If an individual who was symptomatic would like to test prior to ending isolation, the best approach is to use an antigen test toward the end of day 5. Obtain a test only if fever-free for 24 hours without the use of fever-reducing medication and other symptoms have improved. If the test result is positive, the person must continue to isolate until day 10. If negative, end isolation, but continue to mask around others at home and in public until day 10.\nPeople who had COVID-19 but were non-symptomatic—and continue to have no symptoms—may be around others after five full days of isolation (day 0 is the date the test was conducted). However, these individuals should continue to mask around others at home and in public until day 10 (day 6 through day 10). Furthermore, if symptoms develop after testing positive, the five-day isolation period should start over (day 0 would be the first day of symptoms).\n- If an individual who was non-symptomatic would like to test prior to ending isolation, the best approach is to use an antigen test toward the end of day 5. If the test result is positive, continue to isolate until day 10. If negative, end isolation, but continue to mask around others at home and in public until day 10.\nBEFORE TRAVEL BACK TO THE UNITED STATES.\nPer U.S. government policy, to enter the United States, both unvaccinated and vaccinated travelers must get a viral PCR test no more than one calendar day prior to departure (the first leg of one’s flight). Two types of viral tests can be used: nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), and antigen tests. The “one day” time frame is defined by days instead of hours to provide more flexibility to the traveler. SIT will arrange and pay for this test. For any student who is not returning to the U.S., SIT recommends following these same testing guidelines. Additional information about this testing requirement can be found on the Centers for Disease Control website.\nNote: If a student tests positive during the return testing process, SIT will assist the student in finding room and board and will extend iSOS insurance coverage during the isolation period. However, students will be responsible for the cost of room and board and other expenses associated with an extended stay (for example airline ticket change fees, local transportation, etc.) beyond the program’s official end date.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Dermatological manifestations of tick-borne viral infections found in the United States\nVirology Journal volume 19, Article number: 199 (2022)\nTick-borne diseases (TBDs) are bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases transmitted by ticks. Viral TBDs have increased in prevalence over the last decade with many new pathogenic viruses being discovered. Doxycycline is often empirically prescribed by clinicians to treat symptomatic patients following tick bites due to suspicions of bacterial TBDs such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, anaplasmosis, and ehrlichiosis. However, viral TBDs are included in the differential diagnosis if patients do not clinically improve following antibiotic therapy. Several viral TBDs present with dermatological manifestations. Recognizing the differences in clinical presentations of TBDs, particularly of newly emerging viral TBDs in the United States, can help physicians identify the viral TBD, and possibly rule out viral illnesses with different clinical presentations. Therefore, this review discusses clinical manifestations, with an emphasis on dermatologic manifestations of Heartland Virus, Bourbon Virus, Powassan Virus, Deer Tick Virus and Colorado Tick Fever Virus.\nViral tick-borne diseases have increased in prevalence over the last decade and often have similar clinical manifestations to other tick-borne diseases, including bacterial infections. Here, we review the dermatologic manifestations of Heartland Virus (HRTV), Bourbon Virus (BRBV), Powassan Virus (POWV), Deer Tick Virus (DTV) and Colorado Tick Fever Virus (CTFV) that are important for clinicians.\nTick-borne diseases (TBDs) have doubled in the United States in the last few years, necessitating a greater understanding of the signs and symptoms associated with TBDs for more accurate diagnoses and treatments. . The increase in outdoor activities in parks and national forests during the COVID-19 pandemic combined with limited knowledge of precautionary steps to minimize tick bites, have resulted in a higher incidence of TBDs . A recent study showed that in Delaware, where Lyme disease is prevalent, only 38.4% of people were aware of the TBD, and just 13.2% of the respondents changed their behavior to protect themselves from tick bites, suggesting a general lack of knowledge on the importance of preventing tick bites .\nTicks can transmit various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites , including Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, spotted fever rickettsiosis (Rickettsia rickettsii and R. parkeri), Tularemia (Francisella tularensis ) and the parasitic agent Babesia microti . Tick bites result in primary skin lesions and inflammation in the form of firm papules and intense pruritis, due to the immediate reactions to toxins and irritants in the tick saliva. However, tick bites may also develop into chronic edematous nodules due to inflammatory reactions to fragments from tick mouthparts. Moreover, more specific secondary lesions or dermatological presentations are dependent on the specific TBD transmitted, which is often helpful in differentiating between TBDs . In this review, we discuss several emerging viral TBDs in the United States that are caused by Heartland Virus, Bourbon Virus, Powassan Virus, Deer Tick Virus, and Colorado Tick Fever Virus, including their dermatological manifestations.\nHeartland Virus (HRTV) belongs to the genus Phlebovirus, family Phenuiviridae. HTRV’s genome is a negative single-stranded (-ss) RNA consisting of small, medium, and large segments. The small segment encodes for nucleocapsid protein and nonstructural proteins. The medium segment encodes for structural glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, and are targets of neutralizing antibodies, whereas the large segment encodes RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Studies have shown that HRTV is genetically related to Dabie bandavirus, formally known as Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) or Huaiyangshan Banyangvirus .\nHRTV was first identified in two Missouri farmers in 2009 . The two farmers presented with fever, fatigue, anorexia, diarrhea, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, now known to be common presenting symptoms of patients with HRTV infection. HRTV-infected patients may also present a local rash at the site of the tick bite. However, case reports of HRTV have shown that patients typically do not have a rash at the site of tick bite, indicating that the rash is not reliable for the diagnosis of HRTV infections . Complete blood counts of HRTV-infected patients show leukopenia and thrombocytopenia often combined with elevated transaminases, indicative of liver disfunction . In addition, a study has reported a severe HRTV case with erythema on the left lower extremity showing 2 cm central necrosis. Systemic viral dissemination can also cause additional symptoms such as altered mental status, gastrointestinal symptoms, and metabolic acidosis . Molecular and serological testing of the HRTV is possible, but can only be performed at the CDC due to the lack of commercially available tests in the United States .\nSince January 2021, more than 50 cases have been reported in the Midwestern and Southern United States; specifically in Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Tennessee . Most cases occur in the summer months, typically 2 weeks post tick sighting on patients. The geographical distribution of cases closely matches the distribution of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, which was later confirmed as the primary vector of HRTV [11, 12]. Clinical signs and symptoms of HRTV infections overlap with the more prevalent disease, human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (HME), which was first discovered in 1987. Ehrlichia chaffeensis is the bacterial causative agent of HME and is also transmitted by the Lone Star tick in the Midwest region of the United States . Symptoms of HME range from mild febrile illness to multi-organ failure. Unlike HRTV, HME has a more distinctive rash that appears as a maculopapular, petechial, or diffuse erythema that affects the whole body except the face, palms, and soles of the feet . Due to the efficacy of doxycycline in treatment of HME, it is recommended to start patients on doxycycline, then evaluate the patients for the possibility of HRTV if symptoms do not resolve. There are currently no vaccines or antiviral drug treatments for HRTV.\nBourbon virus (BRBV) belongs to the genus Thogotovirus, family Orthomyxoviridae. BRBV is a novel enveloped negative-sense RNA virus and consists of six segments in its genome that are predicted to encode for PB2, PB1, and PA polymerase proteins, a nucleoprotein (NP), a surface glycoprotein (GP), and a matrix (M) protein . A single glycoprotein embedded in the viral envelope mediates entry into host cells . Like HRTV, the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) is the vector of BRBV [17, 18].\nBRBV was first identified when a patient from Bourbon County, Kansas, died in 2014 after multiple tick bites. Since the discovery of the Bourbon virus, the virus has been a relatively rare tick-borne viral illness in the United States, with the CDC reporting only a few cases . The cases have been identified mainly in the Midwest and Southern United States. However, there is some overlap with the HRTV in Kansas .\nIt has been reported that BRBV-infected individuals develop fever, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, myalgia, and arthralgia. In addition, they may present with diffuse maculopapular or a papular rash that appears on the torso . Blood tests show leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia, and increased aminotransferases . It has also been reported that progressive BRBV infections could lead to petechiae, which has been noted on the lower extremities and soft palate of onepatient .\nSimilarly, the Dhori virus (DHOV) is transmitted by metastriate ticks (non-Ixodes ticks) and mosquitoes. DHOV is found in Europe, North Africa, and western and central Asia and share 70% genome sequence identity with BRBV in multiple genomic segments . Unlike BRBV infections, DHOV infections are characterized by encephalitis in 40% of cases including headache and retrobulbar pain . There are no reported dermatological manifestations of DHOV, which could distinguish DHOV infections from HRTV and BRBV infections, further highlighting the importance of recognizing dermatological and clinical manifestations to allow differentiation between viral TBDs.\nCurrently, there are no routine laboratory tests that can confirm the diagnosis of BRBV infections. Only supportive care (including anti-pyretic, analgesics, and I.V. fluids) can be offered to the BRBV-infected patients since there are currently no vaccines or antiviral treatment approved for BRBV .\nPowassan virus and deer tick virus\nPowassan virus (POWV) is the only North American member of the family Flaviviridae (+ ss RNA viruses), genus Flavivirus, that is transmitted by the Ixodes tick species, causing tick-borne encephalitis. The POWV genome comprises seven genes coding for nonstructural proteins and three genes coding for structural proteins, including the capsid and envelope proteins . Recently, two genetic lineages of POWV have been described; lineage I was named POWV, whereas lineage II was renamed as Deer Tick Virus (DTV; discussed in the next section) . POWV infects macrophages and dendritic cells, which then transport the virus to the lymphatic system leading to systemic viral dissemination .\nThe virus was first identified in 1958 and named after a 5-year-old child who died from encephalitis in Powassan, Canada . POWV infections have increased from one case per year prior to 2005 to 10 cases per year after 2005 . Between 2011 and 2020, 194 documented cases of Powassan virus disease cases had been reported in the USA . POWV cases are primarily reported during the season of high tick activity (May-September), in the north-central and northeastern states of the United States. Between 2010 and 2019, 181 cases were reported in the United States, with 166 cases developing the neuroinvasive disease. Human PWOV infections have also been reported in Canada and Russia .\nPOWV infections can result in neuroinvasive or non-neuroinvasive diseases. Patients with non-neuroinvasive disease present with sore throat, drowsiness, headache, disorientation, and rarely fever. However, POWV infections are primarily neuroinvasive, a distinctive feature compared to other tick-borne illnesses . The neuroinvasive signs of POWV infections include encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, and aseptic meningitis. Ophthalmoplegia and direction-changing nystagmus have also been reported in some cases of POWV encephalitis. Death is reported in 10% of neuroinvasive cases, whereas 50% of surviving patients report long-term neurological sequelae including hemiplegia, muscle wasting, acute headaches, and memory problems .\nA faint, diffuse maculopapular rash on the trunk has been described in a few POWV-infected patients , which can include the extremities and back, but is not associated with the tick bite area. A study showed that only three of eight POWV patients presented with rash ; this indicates that rash is not a common presentation in POWV infections. However, it can still be used with other symptoms and diagnostic tests to diagnose POWV infection [28,29,30]. Laboratory diagnosis of POWV infection involves detecting IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmation using plaque neutralization assay. A four-fold increase in antibody titer or IgM detection in CSF is diagnostic of POWV infections . Like HRTV and BRBV, there are no vaccines or definitive antiviral treatments for POWV. There are some documented cases of successful treatment with high-dose corticosteroids and IVIG. However, neither are approved treatments for POWV .\nAs mentioned earlier, DTV is a genetic variant (lineage II) of POWV. They share 84% and 94% genomic sequence identity and amino acid sequence identity, respectively, and cannot be distinguished serologically . DTV is transmitted by the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni, but is mainly found in deer ticks (I. scapularis) collected from the northeastern United States. Three cases of DTV infections have been reported in the literature through 2017 .\nDTV can cause severe central nervous system infections in humans, similar to POWV. Symptoms include fever, arthralgias, and headache. Laboratory tests of DTV-infected patients show thrombocytopenia with possible acute kidney injury . Unlike POWV, case reports of DTV infections have shown erythema migrans rash near the site of the tick bite . Erythema migrans rash is also associated with Lyme disease, which is a common bacterial tick-borne disease. The critical distinguishing feature between the two illnesses is the presence of encephalitis, and bilateral maculopapular palmar rash, more commonly found during DTV infection [34, 35]. DTV can be confirmed by serological testing if suspected in a patient. Currently, there are no treatments or vaccines available, and only supportive treatment can be provided for DTV infections .\nColorado tick fever virus\nColorado Tick Fever Virus (CTFV) is a member of the genus Coltivirus, family Reoviridae . Viruses within the genus Coltivirus have double-stranded RNA genomes made of 12 segments that encode for 13 viral proteins (VP) 1–12 . In the life cycle of CTFV, the virus is primarily maintained in nature by Dermacentor andersoni ticks. In contrast, the main vertebrate reservoir is Spermophilus lateralis (golden-mantled ground squirrel) and several other mammals, including chipmunks, wild mice, wood rats, wild rabbits, deer, elk, sheep, and coyotes .\nCTFV infections are the second most reported arboviral infections in the United States after West Nile virus infections, with approximately 200–400 cases reported annually [40, 41]. CTFV cases have been reported in the western United States in California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. However, the risk of acquiring CTFV increases at elevations above 7000 feet .\nTypically, CTFV-infected patients present with biphasic fever, headache, myalgia, and fatigue. In addition, laboratory tests show leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. CTFV-infected patients could develop severe complications such as meningitis, encephalitis, and bleeding disorders, and around 20% of patients require hospitalization . However, fatalities due to CTFV infections are rare .\nMacular, maculopapular, and petechial rash, together with hyperesthetic skin, can be associated with CTFV infections in 5–15% of cases [45, 46]. A recent paper attributed the rash to dermal microvascular endothelial cells which are susceptible to CTFV infection and undergo apoptosis . Palatal enanthem, small spots on the mucous membrane, can also be seen as a dermatological manifestation of CTFV infections [40, 44, 48, 49].\nSimilar to CTFV, Eyach virus (EYAV) which shares 55–88% genetic sequence identity with CTFV presents with a febrile illness . However, dermatologic manifestations are uncommon. Moreover, EYAV causes neurologic complications in a higher number of patients than CTFV; therefore, the presentation of a rash may help distinguish between CTFV and Eyach viral infections, especially if the patient recently traveled to Germany or France, where EYAV has been found in ticks . In addition, Salmon River virus causes a similar disease as CTFV . However, the pathogenicity of California Hare Coltivirus (CTFV-Ca) is currently unknown. Therefore, distinguishing between CTFV and related coltiviruses from EYAV is heavily reliant on serological and molecular testing .\nCTFV infections can be diagnosed using serologic tests to detect anti-coltivirus antibodies. These tests include complement fixation tests, seroneutralization assays, immunofluorescence assay, ELISA, and Western immunoblotting. However, serology may not be timely since antibody production can take 14–21 days. More commonly, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays are used to detect CTFV RNA or the RNA of its cross-reacting serotypes, including CTFV-Ca and Salmon River virus. Intracerebral inoculation of infected human blood into suckling mice can also be used in the isolation and subsequent diagnosis of coltiviruses, though this method is not practical for most laboratories and clinicians. There are no FDA-approved vaccines or antiviral treatment options for CTFV infections, and only supportive care based on the patient’s symptoms is recommended .\n“One world, one health” is a call for an interdisciplinary approach to science due to the interconnected nature of human actions, animals, and ecological health. The rising number of tick-borne diseases and the newly emerging diseases, such as HRTV and Bourbon virus, is an incentive to manage these diseases with an interdisciplinary approach, especially between practitioners and virologists. This article discusses a multidisciplinary approach by bridging viral knowledge with clinical knowledge to aid clinicians in recognizing presentations of tick-borne diseases.\nTick-borne diseases of bacterial origin present with distinctive dermatological manifestations, such as erythema migrans in Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, and the petechial rash in Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, caused by Rickettsia rickettsii [53, 54]. Additionally, Southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI) is an emerging zoonotic disease spread by A. americanum, that presents with an annular rash that is almost identical to erythema migrans with lymphocytic dermal infiltrate seen in Lyme disease . While STARI is believed to be caused by Borrelia lonestari, there is some debate regarding its exact etiology [56,57,58].\nTBDs of bacterial origin are studied more due to the prevalence in the United States, and as stages of the disease with distinct clinical symptoms have been identified. As a result, bacterial tick-borne infections are also stressed in medical schools across the United States and competency exams (USMLE and COMLEX). In contrast, TBDs of viral origin, primarily those recently discovered, have not been studied as extensively, and more research is needed to distinguish characteristic symptoms, like cutaneous presentations. Underreporting and underdiagnosis of viral tick-borne illness can occur due to overlapping dermatological indications of viral and bacterial tick-borne disease. Many viral TBDs can be mistaken for bacterial TBDs without adequate serological testing.\nBacterial TBDs and viral TBDs can also often overlap due to ticks harboring multiple diseases. For example, the Ixodes scapularis tick that carries Lyme disease can also cause co-infections with Powassan virus . Co-infection has also been shown to enhance disease severity, or alter typical symptoms, thus impeding diagnosis. Lyme disease patients with co-infections presented with more influenza-like symptoms than those with Lyme disease alone . Co-infection can make recognition of dermatological manifestations of tick-borne diseases more important as they can aid clinicians in deciding diagnostic testing to order and treatment plan.\nCutaneous presentations of these viral tick-borne illnesses inform practitioners and patients about which viral disease was transmitted from the tick. The knowledge of the viral particle guides treatment and can prevent death. Performing a detailed skin exam on a patient presenting post tick bite or with symptoms after visiting an area endemic with these diseases helps identify cutaneous presentations of illnesses, such as maculopapular rash, erythema migrans, or petechial rash. Further research on the treatment of tick-borne viral diseases is needed to prevent deaths, mainly due to the doubling in tick-borne disease cases in the past ten years in the United States.\nThere are no specific drug therapies, or FDA-approved vaccines for tick-borne viral infections in the United States. While hospitalization is common for these infections, treatment is mainly supportive. Personal protection, landscape management, and wildlife management are effective for preventing and controlling tick-borne viral infectious diseases, but vaccines and drug therapies are critically needed. A convenient area to report a case of tick-borne disease is also required, especially because patients with mild forms of TBDs do not come to the hospital, and those mild symptoms are not documented. A website through the CDC where patients can add their symptoms and their location can aid in solving the underreporting of tick-borne illnesses while giving insights on mild forms of the diseases. The database can also lead to more distinctive dermatological manifestations by stage of the disease (Fig. 1, Table 1).\nAvailability of data and materials\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious. Diseases (NCEZID) D of V-BD (DVBD). Tickborne Disease Surveillance Data Summary. Oct. 6. 2021.\nGeng D, Innes J, Wu W, Wang G. Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on urban park visitation: a global analysis. J For Res. 2021;32:553.\nGupta S, Eggers P, Arana A, Kresse B, Rios K, Brown L, et al. 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Can Med Assoc J. 1980;123:603.\nBeasley DWC, Suderman MT, Holbrook MR, Barrett ADT. Nucleotide sequencing and serological evidence that the recently recognized deer tick virus is a genotype of Powassan virus. Virus Res. 2001;79:81.\nMansfield KL, Jizhou L, Phipps LP, Johnson N. Emerging tick-borne viruses in the twenty-first century. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017;7:298.\nCavanaugh CE, Muscat PL, Telford SR, Goethert H, Pendlebury W, Elias SP, et al. Fatal deer tick virus infection in Maine. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65:1043.\nBorchers AT, Keen CL, Huntley AC, Gershwin ME. Lyme disease: a rigorous review of diagnostic criteria and treatment. J Autoimmun. 2015;57:82–115.\nTavakoli NP, Wang H, Dupuis M, Hull R, Ebel GD, Gilmore EJ, et al. Fatal case of deer Tick Virus Encephalitis. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:2099.\nSolomon IH, Spera KM, Ryan SL, Helgager J, Andrici J, Zaki SR, et al. Fatal powassan encephalitis (deer tick virus, lineage II) in a patient with fever and orchitis receiving rituximab. JAMA Neurol. 2018;75:746.\nHughes HR, Velez JO, Fitzpatrick K, Davis EH, Russell BJ, Lambert AJ, et al. Genomic evaluation of the Genus Coltivirus indicates genetic diversity among Colorado Tick Fever virus strains and demarcation of a New Species. Diseases. 2021;9:92.\nAttoui H, Billoir F, Biagini P, Cantaloube JF, De Chesse R, De Micco P, et al. Sequence determination and analysis of the full-length genome of Colorado tick fever virus, the type species of genus Coltivirus (Family Reoviridae). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000;273:1121–5.\nShi J, Hu Z, Deng F, Shu S. Tick-borne viruses title. Virol Sin. 2018;33:21–43.\nRomero JR, Simonsen KA. Powassan encephalitis and Colorado tick fever. Infect Dis Clin N Am. 2008;22:545–59.\nMeagher KE, Decker CF. Other tick-borne illnesses: Tularemia, Colorado Tick Fever, Tick Paralysis. Disease-a-Month. 2012;58:370.\nEisen RJ, Kugeler KJ, Eisen L, Beard CB, Paddock CD. Tick-borne zoonoses in the United States: persistent and emerging threats to human health. ILAR J. 2017;58:319.\nAttoui H, Jaafar FM, De Micco P, De Lamballerie X. Coltiviruses and Seadornaviruses in North America, Europe, and Asia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:1673.\nYendell SJ, Fischer M, Staples JE. Colorado tick fever in the United States, 2002–2012. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2015;15:311–6.\nCimolai N, Anand CM, Gish GJ, Calisher CH, Fishbein DB. Human Colorado tick fever in Southern Alberta. CMAJ. 1988;139:45.\nDavis LE, Beckham JD, Tyler KL. North American encephalitic arboviruses. Neurol Clin. 2008;26:727–57.\nOwen S, Gaffney C, Grado L, Woodson ML, King JA, Balaraman RP, et al. Colorado tick fever virus induces apoptosis in human endothelial cells to facilitate viral replication. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2021;12:101775.\nGoodpasture HC, Poland JD, Francy DB, Bowen GS, Horn KA. Colorado tick fever: clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory aspects of 228 cases in Colorado in 1973–1974. Ann Intern Med. 1978;88:303.\nTunkel AR, De Beek DV, Scheld WM. Mandell. Douglas, and Bennett’s principles and practice of Infectious Diseases. Princ Pract Infect Dis. 2010.\nAttoui H, Mohd Jaafar F, Biagini P, Cantaloube JF, De Micco P, Murphy FA, et al. Genus Coltivirus (family Reoviridae): genomic and morphologic characterization of Old World and New World viruses. Arch Virol. 2002;147:533–61.\nGoodman JL, Dennis DT, Sonenshine Daniel E. Tick-Borne Diseases of humans. Tick-Borne Dis. Humans. 2005.\nKadkhoda K, Semus M, Jelic T, Walkty A. Case report: a case of Colorado tick fever acquired in southwestern Saskatchewan. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018;98:891.\nRussell ALR, Dryden MS, Pinto AA, Lovett JK. Lyme disease: diagnosis and management. Pract Neurol. 2018;18:455–64.\nPhillips J. Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Work Heal Saf. 2017;65.\nAbdelmaseih R, Ashraf B, Abdelmasih R, Dunn S, Nasser H. Southern tick-associated rash illness: Florida’s lyme disease variant. Cureus. 2021;13(5):e15306.\nKannangara DW, Patel P. Report of Non-Lyme, Erythema Migrans Rashes from New Jersey with a review of possible role of Tick Salivary Toxins. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2018;18(12):641–52. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2018.2278.\nNicholson WL, Masters E, Wormser GP. Preliminary serologic investigation of ‘Rickettsia amblyommii’ in the aetiology of southern tick associated rash illness (STARI). Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009;15(Suppl 2):235–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02155.x.\nBlanton L, Keith B, Brzezinski W. Southern tick-associated rash illness: erythema migrans is not always Lyme disease. South Med J. 2008;101(7):759–60. https://doi.org/10.1097/SMJ.0b013e31817a8b3f.\nMoutailler S, Valiente Moro C, Vaumourin E, Michelet L, Tran FH, Devillers E, Cosson JF, Gasqui P, Van VT, Mavingui P, Vourc’h G, Vayssier-Taussat M. Co-infection of ticks: the rule rather than the exception. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10(3):e0004539.\nThe authors would like to thank the Sam Houston College of Osteopathic Medicine for generously paying for page charges associated with this manuscript.\nThe preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding.\nEthics approval and consent to participate\nEthics approvals are not applicable. All authors consent to publication.\nConsent for publication\nAll authors contributed to the review and consent to publication.\nThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\nSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.\nAbout this article\nCite this article\nRupani, A., Elshabrawy, H.A. & Bechelli, J. Dermatological manifestations of tick-borne viral infections found in the United States. Virol J 19, 199 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-022-01924-w", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "UK's COVID lockdown to gradually ease\nBy Nick Dole on AM\nAs the vaccine rollout continues here in Australia, data from the UK shows the jabs are having a major impact on hospital admissions and deaths.\nMatt Choat, London resident\nRachel Thomas, London resident\nBoris Johnson, UK Prime Minister\nSir John Bell, professor of medicine at Oxford University", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "NetWellness is a global, community service providing quality, unbiased health information from our partner university faculty. NetWellness is commercial-free and does not accept advertising.\nSunday, September 24, 2017\nI pain across the back of my pelvis-between my hips. It is worse in the mornings. It is stiff, with burning pain. My doctor took an x-ray and MRI. The physical therapist said I had sacroiliac joint dysfunction. My doctor said I did not. He said the imaging studies were normal. But the radiologist report said: Multi-level DDD, several hemangiomas, mild scleroses at the symphysis pubis; and incidental note of phleboliths in pelvis. My question is: what are these things and could they be causing my pelvic pain. My doctor does not answer me.\nThank you of your question. It is hard to identify the source of the pelvic pain. Definitely the Sacroiliac and the DDD may be a factor in that. What we can do is a diagnostic injection at the SI joint and another one at the facet joint to see if that would relief your pelvic pain after making sure that there are no other pathology for your pelvic pain coming from the pelvic organs.\nHammam Akbik, MD, FIPP\nFormerly, Assistant Professor of Anesthesia\nCollege of Medicine\nUniversity of Cincinnati", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Researchers have developed a test to detect traces of cancer from within patients' blood, the Guardian reports. The test, which it notes is still in development, only takes about 10 minutes, but cannot determine what type of cancer is present.\n...and receive Daily News bulletins.\nAlready have a GenomeWeb or 360Dx account?Login Now.\nDon't have a GenomeWeb or 360Dx account?Register for Free.\nAt a meeting this week, researchers and others discussed the regulatory oversight needed for germline genome editing.\nThe US Food and Drug Administration has asked questions about Myriad Genetics' GeneSight test, according to Bloomberg.\nResearchers report that neutrophil extracellular traps appear to binds gallstones together, according to New Scientist.\nIn Science this week: approach to infer genotype-by-environment interaction from genetic variants associated with phenotypic variability, and more.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Progenics uses the unique, modified double stem cell extraction processing technique developed by Progenics' Research & Development Team (Yang H et al., Transfusion (2011) 51;284-292 and Yang H et al., Transfusion (2015) 55:70-78). The quality is significantly superior to other techniques, regardless of whether they are automated or manual (compared with published information).\nHigher Viability of Cells\nThe viability of transplantable cells (nucleated cells) in the final cord blood product that is banked for future transplant is higher with the double stem cell extraction technique† than with banks using other methods§.\nAnother critical reason that contributes to a higher viability of cells is that Progenics processes cord blood samples more quickly after collection. The viability of stem cells (CD34+ cells) was 99.43%.\n† Yang H et al., Transfusion (2011) 51;284-292\n§ Solves P et al., Cytotherapy (2009) 11:1101-1107\nProgenics' Research & Development Team works diligently at improving and perfecting the process of cryopreservation of cord blood. In 2015, our findings on how temperature interruptions during controlled-rate-freezing affect the cord blood unit were published in a peer reviewed journal, Transfusion. Furthermore, we discussed procedures to preserve the viability of cord blood stem cells in the event of unexpected temperature interruptions during cryopreservation. This is one of the many advantages of storing your baby's cord blood with Progenics, as cord blood samples are professionally prepared and cryopreserved by technicians with the highest level of training in the field.\nAssurance of Secure Long Term Storage\nCord blood is stored in a two-compartment Pall freezing bag that is over-wrapped with another cryobag and stored in an MVE -190ºC vapor (gas) phase freezer.\nThe freezers containing cord blood samples are stored in a secure, fire-resistant storage facility. The freezers are equipped with a backup power generator to provide power in the event of a power failure. In addition, the storage facility and the temperature in the freezers are monitored 24 hours daily by security and video surveillance. Among the three most commonly used sizes of freezers, Progenics uses the smallest size. If there is ever an emergency, the smaller size of the freezer will require us to transfer fewer cord blood samples from a dysfunctional freezer to a backup freezer and subsequently avoid extra cell damage due to warming. Nevertheless, there is always a backup liquid nitrogen freezer available at our storage facility which can be used immediately to transfer the contents of a dysfunctional freezer.\nValidated Quality Assurance\nQuality assessment has been validated in previous studies carried out by Progenics' Research and Development Team.\nFor details see:\nYang H, Loutfy MR, Mayerhofer S, Shuen P. Factors affecting banking quality of umbilical cord blood for transplantation. Transfusion (2011) 51:284-292.\nYang H, Pidgorna A, Loutfy MR, Shuen P. Effects of interruptions of controlled-rate freezing on the viability of umbilical cord blood stem cells. Transfusion (2015) 55:70-78.\nIn conclusion, should one compare our data with published information from other cord blood banks, one would see that Progenics can store more cells based on our professional and reliable banking process.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Infectious disease assessment for migrants - consultation document\nThe draft document \"Infectious disease assessment for migrants\" is now available for consultation.\nThe document has been prepared by the Migrant Health Screening sub-committee of the HPSC Scientific Advisory Committee. The purpose of the guidelines is to give appropriate guidance on the assessment of infectious diseases in migrants. The guidelines do not take into account or offer guidance on other aspects of health and social needs of the migrant population in Ireland. They are intended to be used opportunistically across a wide range of health services. The guidelines do not advise on how migrants might access health services, nor make recommendations on the type of services that should be made available to migrants. It is intended that the guidelines will be published as an on-line resource.\nAll comments and suggestions on any aspect of this document are very welcome. The comments will be reviewed by the guideline sub-committee and taken into consideration when preparing the final document. Please submit your comments by completing the response form and returning it by email to firstname.lastname@example.org.\nThe final date for submission of comments is 15th September 2014.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Many Patients With Polyps Delay Follow-up Colonoscopy: Study\nMONDAY, Nov. 26, 2018 (HealthDay News) -- Many people found to have colon polyps (adenomas) that can lead to cancer don't have follow-up colonoscopies at recommended times, a new study finds.\nPatients who have certain types of adenomas, or large or numerous ones, are at increased risk for colorectal cancer, the study authors reported in the Nov. 20 issue of the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.\n\"When a patient is found to have some of these higher-risk findings, guidelines recommend that they come back for another colonoscopy in three years. This is called surveillance colonoscopy, and it improves our chances of preventing colorectal cancer or detecting it at an early stage,\" study author Jessica Chubak said in a journal news release.\nChubak is a senior scientific investigator at Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute.\nHer team analyzed data from more than 6,900 U.S. patients, aged 50 to 89, with high-risk adenomas. The patients had their initial colonoscopies done at one of three Kaiser Permanente systems, or at the Parkland Health & Hospital System, which treats patients regardless of their insurance status or ability to pay.\nBetween 47 percent and 59.5 percent of the Kaiser Permanente patients had a follow-up colonoscopy within 3 1/2 years, compared with 18.3 percent of Parkland patients.\nThe significantly lower rate at Parkland was most likely due to differences in patient populations and resources, according to Chubak.\nThe study found that patients with more adenomas or with higher-risk adenomas were more likely to get the follow-up colonoscopy at the recommended time.\nAge was another factor. Patients between the ages of 60 and 74 were more likely than those between the ages of 50 and 54 to get timely colonoscopies, while those in their 80s were less likely to do so.\n\"We encourage patients and health care providers to talk about how and when to test for colorectal cancer, and we encourage health care systems to find ways to support patients and providers in following the guidelines,\" she said. \"In the future, it will be important to understand what types of reminders work best for different patient populations and in different health care settings.\"\nThe American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons has more on colorectal polyps.\nThe news stories provided in Health News and our Health-E News Newsletter are a service of the nationally syndicated HealthDay® news and information company. Stories refer to national trends and breaking health news, and are not necessarily indicative of or always supported by our facility and providers. This information is provided for informational and educational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Society of Healing Arts Institute is a holistic and alternative health treatment center that specializes in a number of different healing methods. Many of these do not involve the use of drugs at all, but more include an alternative approach to heal and healing.\nSOHAI is an establishment that takes great pride in its ability and knowledge to successfully treat patients. We believe that it is important for patients to be comfortable with their healing practitioners in order for them to receive the most out of their visit. That is why we welcome all questions, follow up with our patients and why we have worked tirelessly to create a warm and inviting atmosphere.\nMICHIGAN MEDICAL MARIJUANA CARDS\nMarijuana is a power and safe medicine, as effective as any medical drug, but natural and much safer. Yet the sigma of using Marijuana as a medicine, keeps many people away from using it. We specializes in the recommendation, evaluation and consultation of Michigan Medical Marijuana, according to the laws of the Michigan Medical Marijuana Program. A Michigan Medical Marijuana card will legally protect you from incarceration in the state of Michigan for marijuana possession and use.\nMICHIGAN MEDICAL MARIJUANA CARD RECOMMENDATIONS\nIf you are a resident living in Michigan and are looking to use marijuana medicine as an alternative to prescription based pills, you have come to the right place. At SOHAI, we provide recommendations for medical marijuana. We also provide education, follow-up care, and in depth-knowledge regarding all things medical marijuana. We believe in the healing properties of medical marijuana and want to ensure you understand all the benefits medical marijuana has to offer.\nIn order to become a medical marijuana patient, you must a resident of Michigan with a valid state issued photo id. You also must have qualified condition diagnosed by your primary care physician that is listed under the Michigan state medical marijuana laws. If you are in Grand Rapids, Flint or Muskegon Michigan and want to obtain a medical marijuana card, please don't hesitate to contact us. We welcome all Michigan state residents.\nWHO QUALIFIES FOR MEDICINAL MARIJUANA IN MICHIGAN\nOn November 4, 2008, Michigan voters approved the Michigan Medical Marihuana Act (MMMA), which allows seriously ill patients to use medical marijuana (also referred to as medical weed, medical pot or medical cannabis). The Act permits an individual with a qualifying debilitating medical condition to register as a medical marijuana patient with the Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH) and avoid criminal penalties under state law for certain medical uses of marijuana. The Michigan Medical Marihuana Program (MMMP) was established to administer the registration program provided for in Michigan medical marijuana law. The MMMP reviews applications submitted by patients and caregivers wishing to participate in the MMMP and issues medical marihuana registration identification cards to those individuals whose applications are approved.\nHOW TO QUALIFY FOR MEDICAL MARIJUANA IN MICHIGAN\nTo qualify to use medical marijuana in the state of Michigan, a patient must: Obtain a copy of your medical records indicating diagnosis of a qualifying condition, as listed below. Be sure to bring these records with you to your marijuana evaluation appointment. Learn how to request your medical records. Receive a recommendation from a Michigan licensed MD or DO. Find a qualified medical marijuana doctor in Michigan here. Register with the Michigan Department of Community Health to obtain a medical marijuana card.\nWHAT AILMENTS CAN BE TREATED WITH MEDICAL CANNABIS IN MICHIGAN\nPatients must suffer from a debilitating medical condition, defined by the Michigan Medical Marihuana Act as: Cancer, Glaucoma, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Crohn's disease, agitation of Alzheimer's disease, or nail patella.\nA chronic or debilitating disease or medical condition or its treatment that produces one or more of the following:\nCachexia or wasting syndrome;\nsevere and chronic pain\nSeizures, including those characteristic of epilepsy; or\nSevere and persistent muscle spasms, including those characteristic of multiple sclerosis\nAny other medical condition or treatment for a medical condition adopted by the department by rule.\nMEDICAL MARIJUANA ACCESS\nSome medical marijuana patients will claim they have a doctor's prescription for medical marijuana, but marijuana prescriptions are in fact illegal. The federal government classifies marijuana as a schedule I drug. Therefore doctors are unable to prescribe marijuana to their patients, and medical marijuana patients cannot go to a pharmacy to fill a prescription for medical marijuana. Instead, medical marijuana physicians will supply patients with a medical marijuana recommendation in compliance with Michigan state law.\nAccording to Michigan marijuana laws, patients and their caregivers are allowed to grow medical marijuana only for the qualified patient's private medical use; they can possess up to 2.5 usable ounces and 12 plants; and they cannot purchase or sell medical cannabis.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Elena M Schmidt, OD Email Elena Schmidt\n- INSTRUCTOR | Ophthalmology\n- Hospital Affiliations\n- The Mount Sinai Hospital\n- Mount Sinai Queens\n- New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai\nElena M. Schmidt, OD, is an instructor at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and practices optometry at Mount Sinai Doctors Queens and The Mount Sinai Hospital. She earned her optometry degree from the Indiana University School of Optometry and then completed an ocular disease residency in Baltimore, where she gained valuable experience diagnosing and managing ophthalmic conditions like glaucoma, diabetic eye disease, dry eye, cataracts, and macular degeneration.\nDr. Schmidt provides expert and comprehensive eye care with an emphasis on vision correction and ocular disease. As an optometrist, she specializes in helping patients manage vision changes to see better. Dr. Schmidt supports the efforts of patients who are interested in their eye health, and she is committed to providing the highest standard of care to those who come in for an evaluation. She is delighted to serve the Queens community and to help patients preserve and improve their vision and ocular health.\n- Allergic Eye Problems\n- Annual Eye Exam\n- Comprehensive Dilated Eye Exam\n- Contact Lenses\n- Diabetic Retinopathy\n- Double Vision\n- Dry Eye Disease\n- Eye Emergency Visit\n- Eye Infection\n- Macular Degeneration\n- Nearsightedness And Farsightedness\nOD, Indiana University School of Optometry\nBaltimore VA Medical Center\nDr. James O. Hormuth Award\nDr. James D. Hurt Award\nBeta Sigma Kappa Optometric Honor Society\nPhysicians and scientists on the faculty of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai often interact with pharmaceutical, device and biotechnology companies to improve patient care, develop new therapies and achieve scientific breakthroughs. In order to promote an ethical and transparent environment for conducting research, providing clinical care and teaching, Mount Sinai requires that salaried faculty inform the School of their relationships with such companies.\nDr.Schmidt did not report having any of the following types of financial relationships with industry during 2020 and/or 2021: consulting, scientific advisory board, industry-sponsored lectures, service on Board of Directors, participation on industry-sponsored committees, equity ownership valued at greater than 5% of a publicly traded company or any value in a privately held company. Please note that this information may differ from information posted on corporate sites due to timing or classification differences.\nMount Sinai's faculty policies relating to faculty collaboration with industry are posted on our website. Patients may wish to ask their physician about the activities they perform for companies.\nPhysicians who provide services at hospitals and facilities in the Mount Sinai Health System might not participate in the same health plans as those Mount Sinai hospitals and facilities (even if the physicians are employed or contracted by those hospitals or facilities).\nInformation regarding insurance participation and billing by this physician may be found on this page, and can also be obtained by contacting this provider directly. Because physicians insurance participation can change, the insurance information on this page may not always be up-to-date. Please contact this physician directly to obtain the most up-to-date insurance information.\nInsurance and health plan networks that the various Mount Sinai Health System hospitals and facilities participate in can be found on the Mount Sinai Health System website.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Emotional pain : Important points about emotional pain\nWhat is emotional pain?\nNot all pains are physical and there are pains that our soul experiences and you must understand the meaning of this definition well.\nResearch and studies show that feelings of anxiety and stress can also affect us physically.\nOn the other hand, these feelings are caused by stimuli such as a feeling of danger or even a normal feeling of thirst.\nEmotional pain can be caused by many conditions, including the loss of a long-term relationship, job loss, illness or loss of a loved one, and so on.\nDuring and after these life events, we often experience feelings of stress, anxiety, depression, or even personal destructive behaviors, which can eventually put us under pressure.\nOf course, these feelings come in many forms.\nCoping with them is not a very difficult and complicated task.\nPhysical and psychological pain can also involve people in various treatment processes.\nWhat causes psychological damage?\nMental injury or trauma is usually the result of a stressful event that includes the following conditions:\n1- Conflict in an accident or some kind of attack\n2- Divorce conflict\n3- An unhealthy or violent relationship\n4- Loss of a loved one\n5- Suffering from an illness\n6- Witnessing a difficult mental scene\nSymptoms of pain or trauma\nEmotional pain usually affects people mentally as well. Physiological responses are different for everyone and the type of treatment will be different.\nThese negative feelings are sometimes very intense and frustrate the person and have symptoms that include the following:\nPhysical symptoms include emotional pain and trauma\nProblems with excessive sleep or insomnia\nWithdrawal from past close relationships\nHow does emotional pain appear in children?\nTrauma can occur at any stage of a person’s development.\nFor example, a teenager who lives in a house with moral problems is more likely to suffer psychological trauma.\nHe may also be a victim of violence, which will usually destroy his sense of security.\nPsychological trauma can begin in childhood and continue into adolescence.\nThese children must be taken to a specialist and treated as soon as possible to have a better chance of recovery.\nMental pain and stress disorder after injury\nSometimes these conditions last longer than people think and may lead to a post-traumatic stress disorder that usually has the following symptoms:\nNightmares and revisiting past damage\nEmotional and emotional stress\nMemories of an event fade\nFeeling disconnected from past relationships\nWhat are the treatment options for these people?\nThe best way is to accompany a second person.\nBeing with a specialist is the most ideal treatment option.\nIn that case, you can get help from a psychiatrist or find a qualified counselor or psychologist.\nSometimes a person is treated with medicine and sometimes without medicine.\nThese methods help people find their emotional pain and with the guidance of a specialist can take gradual steps in this direction and move towards recovery.\nBy doing this, these people learn how to overcome the negative patterns of their thinking and move towards recovery and improvement.\nIn addition to these consultations, they should also follow a regular exercise routine and diet in order to be in better physical condition.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Detailed Notes on Cannabis and Seizures\nAfter which, remarkably, the main tincture we experimented with from the collective seemed to ratify All those conclusions. For 3 days, Sam’s seizures went from what had been 10 to 20 an hour or so to about one particular each and every hour.\nHe performed a crucial part in having Minnesota’s clinical cannabis legislation passed in 2014. He is currently asking: “Can cannabinoids heal seizures in pet dogs also?”\nBut in some way we certain ourselves which the collective had mastered the fundamentals—that you choose to don’t explain to mother and father a medicine is a certain potency Except if you’ve had it analyzed. We actually only had ourselves guilty, nevertheless. We didn’t contain the tinctures examined both.\nFor The 1st time in ten years Sam resides like a traditional boy. He requires a bus as well as a coach house from college. He plays Halo\nAll of the youngsters in the review had been getting at least 1 seizure drug throughout the demo, possibly incorporating noise to the info, says William Catterall, professor of pharmacology with the University of Washington in Seattle, who was not associated with the study.\nThe expertise With all the unscientific ways of the collective and Along with the Bogus labeling of solutions in dispensaries was infuriating and demoralizing. We knew the collective was nevertheless obtaining its way when we joined. And we knew that buying tinctures at dispensaries wasn’t like gonna Walgreens.\nBy the point he achieved London, Sam had been on a giant dose of your corticosteroid prednisone on and off for the 12 months. It designed him get 30 lbs .. It built his face appear to be it were pumped jam packed with air—a facet influence known as “moon facial area.\nFor Evelyn this was revelatory. CBD was The one thing remaining that might assistance control Sam’s seizures. And more than in the united kingdom there was a drug company building the stuff with the pound.\nExploration also finds that cannabis is helpful in the remedy of critical pediatric epilepsy Diseases like Dravet syndrome, Doose syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. In a single questionnaire review, 85% of mom and dad documented a discount inside their little one’s seizure frequency with cannabis treatment. Out of Those people mothers and fathers, eleven% of these responded that their kid Discover More has reached comprehensive seizure flexibility, while forty two% described a bigger than 80% reduction in seizure frequency. The mothers and fathers also described extra useful consequences, for example amplified alertness, much better temper and improved sleep11.\nScientists have found a hyperlink between women while in the later on levels of pregnancy who ended up prescribed The most frequent kinds of antidepressant medication, and autism diagnosed in children underneath seven decades of age\nThank you for keeping with us. It really is good to Have you ever on board! Aww, shucks. Potentially you'll be able to explain to us what we could do to cause you to interested in subscribing? Certain No\nCoyote. Nevertheless it in no way occurred to me that you may purchase one. Would UCSF in fact purchase a little something such as this? Even though it will, I envisioned months of paperwork just to have the College’s approval.\nfifteen/forty six Extensive commutes carry wellness risks Hours of commuting might be mind-numbingly boring, but new investigation displays that it might also be having an adverse effect on each your overall health and functionality at do the job.\nA lot of children with Dravet syndrome get many epilepsy medicines to regulate their critical seizures. But some children usually do not respond to the medications. Some mom and dad of youngsters with Dravet syndrome or autism turn to marijuana, based purely on anecdotal evidence.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "What are HA Fillers?\nHyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance that is found in your skin, joints, eyes and other tissues. It helps keep these tissues plump and hydrated. HA (hyaluronic acid) fillers have varying degrees of softness as well as other properties that make them each unique. These gel-like substances are made from a sugar molecule that is derived from bacterial fermentation. HA fillers are used to replace lost volume, smooth lines, soften creases, and/or enhance facial contours. The results are temporary, typically lasting 6 months to two years or longer. Most HA fillers are infused with lidocaine to help minimize discomfort during and after treatment.\nWhich filler do I need?\nAs previously mentioned, each product is uniquely formulated to have a certain texture, density, and intended injection depth, which means that certain fillers work better for certain areas of concern. It is best to allow your injector to chose the appropriate product for the intended goal, anatomical location and tissue layer intended for correction/enhancement.\nWhat is the process?\nDermal fillers are one of our most popular treatments at rēVive. Prior to a dermal filler treatment appointment, all new patients will undergo an in person consultation. This time will be used to develop a plan including determining the areas in need of treatment, a review of each patient’s medical history to ensure the procedure is safe and appropriate. Expected side effects and possible adverse effects will be reviewed and instructions to be followed both before and after the treatment will be discussed and provided in writing. Expected pricing will be provided as well as additional information on the products and procedures suggested. A consultation appointment is generally scheduled for one hour. A dermal filler treatment appointment may last from 45-90 minutes depending on the areas being treated.\nPricing By Area:\n(All prices are subject to individual variability and if necessary, adjustments will be discussed during you consultation.)\n– Pre-auricular Area: $800\n– Midface Area (cheeks/pyriform): $1800\n– Chin Area (chin/chin shadows/ mental crease/prejowl): $1800\n– Midface & Chin: $3,400\n– Jaw to Chin-The Entire Low Face: $3,500\n– Mini Lip: $450\n– Full Lip: $700\n– Lips, Lip Lines & Corners: $1000\n– Full Face (excludes forehead and nose): $5000\n– Filler dissolving w/ Hyaluronidase: begins at $500", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Elevate Your Health and Fitness with VO2 Max Testing in Dallas\nUncover the Key to Optimal Health and Longevity with VO2 Max Testing\nDiscover and Enhance Your True Potential\nThe American Heart Association highlights VO2 Max testing as the most predictive measure a person can take to understand their risk for all-cause mortality, disease risk, and overall longevity. At DFW Back to Health in Dallas, we’ve embraced this powerful test, offering comprehensive VO2 Max testing to help you unlock the full potential of your health and fitness.\nVO2 Max Testing goes beyond traditional fitness assessments by measuring the maximum amount of oxygen your body can use during intense exercise. And while you might think these stats only matter to athletes, VO2 Max testing is for anyone who wants to gain deep insights into their overall health and life expectancy. By understanding your VO2 Max, you can will know exactly what to do to create optimal health and vitality.\nAt DFW Back to Health, we’re setting a new standard for personalized health care in Dallas. Our VO2 Max testing services are designed to provide you with the insights you need to improve your fitness, reduce your health risks, and extend your lifespan. Whether you’re looking to enhance your athletic performance or simply want to know more about your health, our team is here to guide you every step of the way.\nBenefits of VO2 Max Testing\nUnderstanding your VO2 Max can revolutionize the way you think about fitness and health. This isn’t just another fitness fad; it’s a scientifically backed measure that offers clear insights into your cardiovascular health and endurance. Here’s how VO2 Max testing at DFW Back to Health in Dallas can benefit you:\nWhat is VO2 Max Testing?\nVO2 Max testing is like getting a sneak peek into the engine of your body. It measures the maximum amount of oxygen your body can utilize during intense exercise, and it’s considered the gold standard for assessing cardiovascular fitness and endurance capability. But it’s more than just a number. Understanding your VO2 Max gives you valuable insights into your physical condition, highlighting areas for improvement and guiding your training to be as effective as possible.\nWhy does this matter for anyone, not just athletes? Because your VO2 Max score is directly linked to your overall health and fitness. It tells you how well your body can perform when pushed to its limits, which is essential information whether you’re looking to run a marathon, improve your cycling time, or just want to make sure you’re in top shape. At DFW Back to Health in Dallas, we use VO2 Max testing to tailor fitness programs that meet your personal goals, ensuring you train smarter, not harder.\nKnowing your VO2 Max can transform the way you approach your fitness routine. With this insight, our team at DFW Back to Health crafts personalized training plans that leverage your strengths and address your weaknesses, setting you on a path to achieving your healthiest self. Let’s use science to take the guesswork out of your training and propel you towards your fitness goals.\nWho Should Consider VO2 Max Testing?\nYou might wonder if VO2 Max testing is right for you. The truth is, this powerful tool isn’t just for elite athletes or fitness buffs. At DFW Back to Health in Dallas, we recommend VO2 Max testing for a wide range of individuals, each with different goals and starting points. Here’s who stands to gain from understanding their VO2 Max:\n- Competitive Athletes: For those looking to optimize performance, refine training strategies, and gain a competitive edge.\n- Fitness Enthusiasts: If you’re passionate about fitness and curious about your aerobic threshold, VO2 Max testing can guide your training to new heights.\n- Beginners on a Fitness Journey: Knowing your VO2 Max provides a starting point that helps tailor a fitness plan to your current level, ensuring safe and effective progress.\n- Individuals with Health Goals: If you’re aiming to reduce the risk of chronic diseases or manage existing conditions, VO2 Max testing offers insight into your cardiovascular health.\n- Anyone Seeking Personalized Fitness Advice: For those who want a fitness program designed specifically for their body’s needs, VO2 Max testing is a game-changer.\nNo matter where you are in your fitness or health journey, VO2 Max testing provides valuable insights that can help guide your path forward. At DFW Back to Health, we use these insights to help you set realistic goals, track your progress, and stay motivated. Whether you’re aiming to improve your stamina, lose weight, or just want to know more about your physical capabilities, VO2 Max testing is a powerful first step.\nComponents of VO2 Max Testing at DFW Back to Health\nAt DFW Back to Health in Dallas, our VO2 Max testing process is comprehensive, ensuring you get the most accurate and beneficial insights into your fitness and health. Here’s a closer look at the two main components of our VO2 Max testing service:\nResting Metabolic Rate Test\nThe resting metabolic rate (RMR) test measures how many calories your body burns at rest, providing crucial information about your metabolism. Understanding your RMR can help tailor your nutrition plan to your body’s specific needs, whether you’re looking to lose weight, gain muscle, or maintain your current physique. It’s a simple, non-invasive test that lays the groundwork for personalized dietary recommendations and a more effective fitness routine.\nActive Metabolic Test\nThe active metabolic test assesses how your body uses oxygen and burns calories during exercise. This component of VO2 Max testing is key to optimizing your training intensity, understanding your aerobic and anaerobic thresholds, and improving endurance. By analyzing how your body responds to different levels of physical activity, we can create a customized workout plan that maximizes efficiency and results, helping you reach your fitness goals faster and more effectively.\nWhat to Expect During Your VO2 Max Test at DFW Back to Health\nHow to Interpret Your VO2 Max Results with DFW Back to Health's Advanced AI Analysis\nIntegrating VO2 Max Results into Your Training Plan\nVO2 Max Testing Frequently Asked Questions\nThe standard cost for a comprehensive VO2 Max test, which includes both the Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) and Active Metabolic Rate (AMR) assessments, is $299. However, we believe in making this valuable test accessible to those committed to improving their health and fitness. That’s why we offer substantial discounts on VO2 Max testing as part of our treatment or weight loss plans. When you choose to engage in a broader program with us at DFW Back to Health, you can access these critical insights into your health and fitness at a more affordable rate, ensuring you have the tools you need to succeed in your health journey.\nAbsolutely. VO2 Max testing goes beyond traditional fitness assessments by offering a detailed look into your aerobic fitness—the cornerstone of your overall health and athletic performance. Whether you’re a seasoned athlete aiming to fine-tune your training or someone interested in improving their health, VO2 Max testing provides invaluable insights. It helps tailor your fitness and nutrition plans, ensuring you work smarter, not harder, towards your goals. Given its comprehensive benefits, VO2 Max testing is a worthwhile investment in understanding and enhancing your physical capabilities.\nThe cost of VO2 Max testing can vary, but at DFW Back to Health, we strive to provide value by combining the Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) and Active Metabolic Rate (AMR) assessments for $299. While this might seem like a significant upfront cost, the personalized insights and tailored guidance you receive can be instrumental in optimizing your health and fitness regimen. Additionally, we offer discounts when VO2 Max testing is included as part of a treatment or weight loss plan, making it a more accessible option for those committed to their health journey.\nVO2 Max testing is generally considered a specialized fitness assessment and may not be covered by all insurance plans. Coverage can depend on your insurance provider and the specific reasons for the test. In some cases, if the testing is recommended as part of a medical treatment for specific health conditions, it might be partially covered. We recommend checking with your insurance provider to understand your coverage options. At DFW Back to Health, we’re also here to discuss affordable solutions to ensure you can access the benefits of VO2 Max testing regardless of insurance constraints.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "I don’t think pills work. But what your having is an allergic reaction and it’s doing your body more harm than good (although I don’t think much good would of come out of pills even if you didn’t have an allergic reaction.).\nThis is what I believe:\nJust like PE, certain way works for some people not the other, and so drugs, some people can be healed by certain drugs not the other.\nI took VigRX 2 weeks prior to my first exercise, I will say it DID NOT help enlargement, even until now I can get only FL gain, but I notice that my unit is fuller during daytime, no turtle.\nAs far as I know, pills work in the way it helps blood flow ONLY, but it does not targeting blood flow in the unit, ONLY exercise DOES targeting/helping blood flow in our unit.\nMy conclusion is if you are not allergic to any of the ingredient, then pills will help (a little bit though) the exercise.\nVigRX does not contain L-Arginine & Zinc, that’s bad.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This just in from McLean Hospital, the Harvard-affiliated psychiatric hospital known as a major center for research on mental health:\nBelmont, Mass. – Thanks to a $500,000 gift from international best-selling author and mental health advocate Patricia Cornwell, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School researchers will launch a landmark new program that will more fully explore the potential impact of medical marijuana on cognition, brain structure and function. This first-of-its-kind program, known as the Marijuana Investigations for Neuroscientific Discovery (MIND) Program, will also gauge study participants’ perceptions of their own quality of life as it relates to medical marijuana treatment.\n“We are seeing the country’s view on marijuana shift dramatically and now is the time to allow science to inform our policies and our decisions,” said Cornwell, who is a member of McLean Hospital’s National Council and was presented with the hospital’s highest honor in 2012 for her mental health advocacy. “The MIND Program has the potential to revolutionize what we know about medical marijuana and what we think we know.”\nDespite the move toward the legalization of medical marijuana, with 23 states and the District of Columbia legalizing its use, no published studies to date have assessed its direct and specific potential impact on cognition and brain function. Therefore, it is critical to investigate the impact that medical marijuana has on patients, the results of which could inform the course of treatment, safety guidelines and public policy. As the number of states who have passed medical marijuana laws continues to grow, the “need to know” has never been more important, relevant or timely.\n“At this point, policy has vastly outpaced science, with little empirical data available regarding the impact of medical marijuana on cognitive function, despite the legal status of the product in a growing number of states,” said lead investigator Staci Gruber, PhD, director of the Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core at McLean Hospital and associate professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. “Findings from this investigation will ultimately foster a greater understanding of the impact of medical marijuana on cognitive function and brain structure, and may in turn facilitate the examination of the efficacy of marijuana for the different disorders for which it is prescribed.”\nMedical marijuana is controversial, but few dispute that more research on it is needed as more states legalize it. Eager to sign up to be in a study? Dr. Gruber is already actively recruiting at firstname.lastname@example.org.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "If you’ve had a rough day, you’re probably dying to head home and rip into any junk food you can find. How good is comfort food, right? Well, unfortunately, a new study has some bad news for you.\nAccording to research published in the journal Brain, Behavior and Immunity, eating food high in saturated fats can affect your ability to cop with stress.\nScientists from Loma Linda University in California found that the parts of the brain responsible for handling fear and stress changed as a result of the diet, mirroring the behaviours usually linked to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).\n“The teen years are a very critical time for brain maturation, including how well (or not) we’ll cope with stress as adults,” says Dr. Johnny Figueroa, Assistant Professor, Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences and Centre for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine.\nRELATED: Stress Could Be Limiting Your Gains\n“The findings of our research support that the lifestyle decisions made during adolescence — even those as simple as your diet – can make a big difference in our ability to overcome every day challenges.”\nThe study observed the impact of a diet high in saturated fats on the development of the areas of the brain used to respond to fear and stress. Findings suggest that during adolescence, regular consumption of an obesogenic diet lead to changes in response to fear in adult rats. Interestingly, the diet affected their learning abilities and impaired fear-startle responses while the rats that consumed the high-saturated fat diet also displayed more anxiety.\nThe diet also impacted the rat’s ability to asses the level of threat in their surroundings while reducing the extinction of fear memories – a major impairment observed in people suffering from PTSD.\nAccording to researchers, the results came down to the alterations in the structure of brain regions associated with PTSD, including the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex.\nFigueroa and his team are still unsure if the alterations in the brain structure are permanent or whether the effects can be reversed. Regardless, the findings are still significant in helping overweight adolescents who develop anxiety and stress-related disorders.\nUnfortunately there isn’t enough information on how the high-saturated fat diet impacts the adult brain.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Are People with Type 1 Diabetes Immunocompromised?\nEditor’s Note:A version of this article first appeared at BenaroyaResearch.org from Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason (BRI). BRI, a world-renowned biomedical research institute focusing on the immune system, is also a clinical center for type 1 Diabetes TrialNet, an international network that conducts clinical studies that evaluate new approaches to preventing, delaying and reversing the progression of type 1 diabetes.\nIt’s important to remember that having well-controlled diabetes alone does not seem to put anyone more at risk for contracting the novel coronavirus, but diabetes care itself is made far more complicated after contracting COVID-19. That’s why we encourage everyone with diabetes to get vaccinated, if your healthcare provider recommends it, as soon as possible.\nWords like “immunocompromised” are broad by design: They’re meant to encompass how a wide variety of conditions impact the immune system. But when we see headlines like “COVID-19 vaccines might not work as well for people who are immunocompromised” it’s hard to know exactly what that means and if it applies to you.\nWe recently spoke with BRI immunologist Bernard Khor, MD, PhD. He provided context and clarity for people with immune-related conditions and their loved ones.\nDoes having an autoimmune disease mean you’re immunocompromised? Are people with Type 1 diabetes immunocompromised?\nThe term “immunocompromised” typically implies that your immune system is weaker than it should be. People with autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes aren’t typically considered immunocompromised, unless they take certain medications that slow down their immune system.\n“The connotation for immunocompromised is that the immune function is reduced so you are more prone to infection,” Dr. Khor says. “Typical autoimmunity—say someone with type 1 diabetes (T1D)—is not necessarily associated with a highly increased risk of all infections or ineffective vaccine response.”\nDr. Khor explained that “immune dysregulated” could be a better term for most people with autoimmune disease. That means that the immune system isn’t quite working right, but that doesn’t necessarily impact your ability to fight off infection or respond to a vaccine.\nWhat does immunocompromised mean?\nImmunocompromised broadly means that your immune system isn’t working properly, typically in terms of its ability to fight off infection. This could happen for a number of reasons. As people age, their immune system gets weaker, affecting their ability to fight off infections. Immunodeficiencies and medications to suppress the immune system (often called immunomodulatory) can also compromise the immune system.\nWhat is immunodeficient/immunodeficiency?\nImmunodeficiency means that your immune system isn’t working properly, typically because important components (like cells) either aren’t present in adequate numbers or aren’t working properly. This can leave a person’s immune system in a weakened state, where it’s not as effective at fighting off bacteria or viruses.\n“One well-understood example is people with AIDS (caused by uncontrolled HIV infection),” Dr. Khor says. “You see immune problems caused by the absence of important cells like T cells. There’s a physical deficiency that you can measure.”\nI have read that some immunocompromised people may not mount a strong immune response to vaccines. Is this true? What does this mean?\nIn general, vaccines help train your immune system to fight off diseases. They do this by teaching the immune system to recognize an invader (say COVID-19) and attack if they see it, for example by making tiny proteins called antibodies. A “strong immune response” means the immune system has the right players in place, they know the game plan, and they’re strong enough to beat the other team.\nBut some people’s immune systems might have trouble training those proteins: Immunosuppressive drugs might slow some players down. With immunodeficiencies like HIV, people may be missing some players altogether.\n“If everyone is moving slower or if you’re missing players, that might make it difficult to score a touchdown,” Dr. Khor says. “If the immune system is suppressed or missing certain components, it’s hard for the immune system to create the antibodies to fight off a virus.”\nMost people with autoimmune diseases can make a protective response to vaccines. However, some therapies may change the body’s ability to respond to vaccination, including COVID-19 vaccination. BRI scientists are working hard to understand which medications impact the ability to respond to immunization, and how big of an impact this may have on infection risk.\nThe CDC recommends getting vaccinated as soon as possible and talking to your healthcare provider if you have questions about COVID-19 vaccination and underlying conditions.\nHow can we protect our loved ones who are immunocompromised and who may not be protected by the COVID-19 vaccine?\nFirst, Dr. Khor recommends that the loved ones of immunocompromised people get vaccinated. “The more people are vaccinated, the fewer places the virus can hide, live, mutate and spread to those who are especially vulnerable,” he says.\nPeople in close contact with high-risk populations can also continue to live in ways that minimize their risk of being exposed to COVID-19. That might mean gathering only with vaccinated or small groups, wearing masks, doing activities outdoors and avoiding crowded indoor spaces. Dr. Khor has continued to take many of these precautions despite being vaccinated, because his wife works in close contact with high-risk groups.\n“Part of this challenge is not having all the answers,” he says. “For example, there are still questions about whether vaccinated people can spread the virus and if so, how likely that is. While we’re building better tools, better treatments and developing better understanding, for me there’s a component of personal choice. How much is this thing I want to do worth? Is it worth passing the virus to someone at risk?”\nWhat is the Benaroya Research Institute doing to advance research surrounding vaccines for people with autoimmune disease and other conditions?\nMost people with autoimmune diseases create a protective response to vaccines. BRI researchers are working to answer specific questions surrounding how some medications for these conditions may impact the ability to respond and if so, how much. Dr. Khor is also working on a study looking at how having Down syndrome affects the body’s response to COVID-19 vaccines. All of this work feeds into BRI’s larger goal of better understanding the immune system and working to predict, prevent and reverse disease.\n“At BRI, we’ve developed much more sophisticated tools to bring to bear on this kind of problem,” Dr. Khor says. “For example, with vaccine response, we know the defense isn’t working right in some people. Next, we hope to figure out which particular player isn’t working right, and why. We want to develop a pipeline that allows us to say ‘it’s player number 74, he needs to run 2 miles per hour slower. It’s this specific cell and it needs this exact change’—and to have therapies that allow us to do that.”\nPlease consult with your health care provider if you have concerns about your health and before making any changes to your treatment plan. For more information about COVID-19 and diabetes, visit CoronavirusDiabetes.org", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Health Law Implementation: Actuarial Value, Health Disparities Draw Attention\nThe Department of Health and Human Services offered a bulletin last week to provide guidance on how insurers should calculate actuarial value. Also, some health policy experts are beginning to question whether the health law's quality provisions might exacerbate the nation's health disparities.\nPolitico Pro: AV Guidance Leaves Room For States\nA new HHS bulletin on how insurers should calculate actuarial value follows the pattern established by other recent health reform regulations: CMS will provide a national standard, but allow for state flexibility. Actuarial value is a measure of the share of health costs a plan covers for a standard population. The health reform law requires plans sold in the exchanges to be marketed in different tiers, based on their AV scores, so that consumers can compare benefits side by side. These range from \"platinum\" plans, with an actuarial value of 90 percent, to \"bronze\" plans, which would have an actuarial value of 60 percent. To make sure all insurers are calculating their AV scores the same way, CMS will develop its own standard population and create an \"AV calculator\" that will score plans based on key features of their benefit designs, the guidance explains (Feder, 2/24).\nModern Healthcare: Disparity Clarity\nOne of the central themes of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, mentioned numerous times throughout the law, is the pressing need to eliminate health care disparities. But some health policy experts worry that provisions of the law designed to improve health care quality could exacerbate gaps in access and outcomes by penalizing the hospitals that minority and poor patients depend on the most (McKinney, 2/25).", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Miracle Child: The Lang Family Story\nThe year 2001 had already been an eventful one for our family. I was a stay at home to two beautiful daughters. My husband Mike and I decided to build a new house and sell the current one. The horrors of September 11th sent shock waves through our country and hit close to home.\nIn early November, we settled into our new home. Five days later, Mike was laid off and our youngest daughter was diagnosed with an eye disorder. We thought, “wow, that’s a lot to deal with;” little did we know the worst was yet to happen.\nThree weeks later, my daughters and I were involved in a horrific car accident that left our 3-year-old daughter with a severe Traumatic Brain Injury and fighting for her life. We did not know if she would survive the ride to the hospital or her first night in the intensive care unit. There were so many questions, and the doctors did not have answers.\nAt each turn we had questions but did not receive many answers. The doctors said, “every brain injury is different so we really don’t know what to expect, she may never wake up.” Eventually, she did wake up and after two weeks, she was transferred to an in-patient rehabilitation center where she had to relearn how to walk, talk, eat, and play. The staff told us she was lucky because her injury occurred at such an early age and kids are resilient, however the first 2 years will be the most important for a full recovery.\nOnce she came home, a month after the accident, our new reality set in. There was the obvious transition to our home life and finding new ways of doing things. Locating therapists to assist in her healing proved to be an arduous task. It was hard enough to find providers experienced in brain injury, but they also needed skill working with the pediatric populations. It was a daunting task.\nAs we were finally settling into our new routine, I realized something was not right with me. I had trouble comprehending things I read and my fatigue was overwhelming. Not knowing where to turn I went to my primary care doctor who referred me to a neuropsychologist. I discovered that I, too, had a brain injury. I was devastated. How was I going to help my daughter and myself heal?\nOlivia received a placement into our school system’s special education program and began attending two mornings a week where she also received speech, physical, and occupational therapy. She now had an opportunity to meet classmates who had been diagnosed with learning disabilities. Young children are accepting of each other. A mother in the class upon hearing our story expressed her empathy to me. She said, “I have had years to accept my son’s disability, but you were thrown an unexpected curve ball. That must be so difficult.” I cried. She was so empathetic to our position. She understood the grief. The positive aspect in my diagnosis is I can sometimes understand Olivia’s frustrations, word finding issues, and difficulty with multi-tasking.\nWe attended a support group at the hospital for parents of children who had brain injuries. We heard the stories of other families and felt hope. The group gave us resources and directed us to organizations that may be able to assist us along the way. We applied for case management services and Olivia was accepted into the newly developed pediatric program. This led me to join the Brain Injury Service’s Speakers Bureau where I was able to share our family’s story to help others. I spoke to local university students, therapists, attorneys, educators, first responders and others.\nAfter hearing our story so many commented how unique our story was and illustrated the strength of family. Some even suggested we write a book.\nWell, Mike and I agreed. We learned so much over the years about brain injury and advocacy and team building. The process of writing has been cathartic. It showed us how much our family has endured. During the years, we heard comments that he and I approach things differently.\nFor example, when we attended Individualized Education Plan meetings our differing styles was evident. I usually walked into the meeting with my heart on my sleeve and it was common for me to get emotional. He approached it as a business meeting; he was prepared with a strategic plan to assist Olivia in her educational goals. These approaches worked for us. Through it all we were a team. Our goal has always been to give our children a loving and supportive home.\nWe decided to use our different points of view in the execution of our book. Each section is our individual perspectives. Our alternating sections detail our perceptions of the events and the feelings they evoked. We hired a developmental editor in 2020 to help organize all the information and give the manuscript structure. There were rewrites as we narrowed it down from 115,000 words to approximately 90,000.\nOur goal is to educate others about brain injury but also illustrate brain injury does not only affect one individual. A brain injury is a shocking event no matter the severity. Your whole life is knocked off balance and it takes a long time to regain equilibrium. Our story is one example of how a family rallies together to heal both the individual and the other relationships. It requires us to look at life differently with the knowledge that things can change when we least expect it. I am proud of Olivia and her continued recovery and the strength of our family to support her the best we can. We have had assistance along the way which illustrates it truly does take a village.\nThis blog post was submitted by BIAV member Kelly Lang. You can purchase her and her husband Michael's new book, The Miracle Child: Traumatic Brain Injury and me on Amazon, Barnes and Noble, and Indie Bound.\nWant to support their book?\n- Purchase the book and leave a review on Amazon and GoodReads\n- Request the book from your local library\n- Share the book on your social media pages\nThe Lang family is graciously donating a portion of proceeds from the book to the Brain Injury Association of Virginia.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Did you know that toxic mold may be responsible for: Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, IBS, Multiple Chemical Sensitivities, And many other vague diagnoses! All too often, those who are dealing with a toxic mold illness get labeled with a diagnosis that only describes their symptoms. A diagnosis of … [Read more...]\nClear Focused Mind\nDo you experience any of the following?\n- Brain fog\n- Difficulties concentrating or holding your focus\n- Irritability over little things\n- Low energy\n- Intense food cravings\nThese are all early warning signs that your brain and mind are fatiguing. You cannot overcome fatigue without addressing your mind.\nBrain fog and difficulties concentrating could be the cause of your fatigue. Or they could be the symptom.\nThe articles below tell you how to increase your focus, decrease your brain fog, and clear your mind of fatigue. For good.\nRead on for a Clear Focused Mind!\nYou have adrenal fatigue. This much you're sure of. Before you head to your local health food store to pick up an assortment of supplements, read this post. I'll show you exactly which supplements will help your adrenal fatigue and which will make it worse! What's the first thing you do before starting a new workout routine? You get all … [Read more...]\nMore than 90% of New Year’s resolutions fail. (1) The problem may be that most people don't know how to set goals. I'll show you the best method to set goals below! I think you should set goals. People who set goals report they are happier with their lives. (2) If that's not enough motivation, I don't know what is! If goal setting is a good … [Read more...]\nYour constant fatigue and strange array of symptoms could be caused by mold. But there's far more to mold illness than just mold. Your symptoms could actually be caused by a mysterious illness known as Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome. Regardless of who you are, if you are living or working in a moldy home or building, you're going to … [Read more...]\nDid you know: A previous exposure to toxic mold could be the hidden cause of all your symptoms! Yes, even the strangest of symptoms - like those found in fibromyalgia and/or chronic fatigue syndrome - could be caused by toxic mold. What makes mold all the more challenging to diagnose is that the strange symptoms it creates could be caused by a … [Read more...]\nOne of the root causes of chronic fatigue (and all your other strange symptoms!) could be an infection you don't even know you have! The infectious agent in question is mold. Yes, the same stuff you see on your food. Mold is even present in a lot of food products that aren't rotting. Foods like coffee, corn, grains, and dehydrated fruits often … [Read more...]\nAfter medication, what steps should you take to reclaim your energy for good? Note: this is the second article in a series. If you haven't already, please read the first article - The best ways to treat chronic fatigue through a conventional medical framework. After reading the first article of this series, you know how to best manage your … [Read more...]\nAccording to the CDC, there is no cure nor approved treatment plan for chronic fatigue syndrome. (1) So what should you do to overcome this debilitating illness? Note: this is the first article in a series. Once you're finished this article, be sure to check out part II – The best ways to treat chronic fatigue through an alternative or holistic … [Read more...]", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The immunoglobulin (Ig) variable region (V) genes expressed by IgM chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells display little or no somatic mutations. However, preliminary findings have shown that Ig V genes of IgA and IgG CLLs may be somatically mutated, suggesting that isotype-switched CLLs may represent a 'subtype' of the disease. To investigate the degree and nature of somatic mutations and the role of antigen (Ag) in the clonal selection and expansion of isotype-switched CLLs, and to determine whether specific oncogene or tumor suppressor gene mutations are associated with isotype-switched CLLs, we analyzed the expressed Ig V(H) gene, bcl-1 and bcl- 2 proto-oncogene, and p53 tumor suppressor gene configurations of 3 IgA-, 1 IgG-, and 1 IgA/IgG-expressing CLLs. These isotype-switched CLL B cells expressed surface HLA-DR, CD19, CD23, and CD5, and displayed no alterations of the bcl-1 and bcl-2 oncogenes and the p53 tumor-suppressor gene. The cDNA V(H)-D-J(H) gene sequence was joined with that of the Cα gene in the B cells of the three IgA CLLs, and with that of the Cγ gene in the IgG CLL g cells. In the IgA/IgG-coexpressing CLL B cells, identical V(H)-D-J(H) cDNA sequences were spliced to either Cα or Cγ genes. In all five CLLs, the pattern of Cμ DNA probe hybridization to the digested genomic DNAs was consistent with deletion of the Cμ exon from the rearranged Ig gene locus, suggesting that these CLL B cells had undergone DNA switch recombination. In one IgA CLL, the expressed V(H) gene was unmutated. In all other class-switched CLLs, the Ig V(H) segment gene was mutated, but the point mutations were not associated with intraclonal diversification. In one IgA and in the IgA/IgG-coexpressing CLL, the nature and distribution of the mutations were consistent with AG selection. These findings suggest that IgA- and/or IgG-expressing CLLs represent, in their V(H) gene structure, transformants of B cells at different stages of ontogeny. They also suggest that Ag may play a role in the clonal selection of some of these isotype-switched leukemic cells, but bcl-1 and bcl-2 oncogene rearrangements and p53 tumor suppressor gene mutation are not associated with the pathogenesis of isotype-switched CLLs.\n|Original language||English (US)|\n|Number of pages||8|\n|State||Published - 1997|\nASJC Scopus subject areas\n- Cell Biology", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "It is estimated that up to 20 million American men frequently suffer from impotence and that it strikes up to half of all men between the ages of 40 and 70. Doctors used to think that most cases of impotence were psychological in origin, but they now recognize that, at least in older men, physical causes may play a primary role in 60% or more of all cases. In men over the age of 60, the leading cause is atherosclerosis, or narrowing of the arteries, which can restrict the flow of blood to the penis. Injury or disease of the connective tissue, such as Peyronie's disease, may prevent the corpora cavernosa from completely expanding. Damage to the nerves of the penis, from certain types of surgery or neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis, may also cause impotence. Men with diabetes are especially at risk for impotence because of their high risk of both atherosclerosis and a nerve disease called diabetic neuropathy.\nWhat you need to know about STDs Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that are passed on from one person to another through sexual contact. There are many STDs, including chlamydia, genital warts, syphilis, and trich. This article looks at some of the most common STDs, the symptoms, and how to avoid getting or passing an STD one on. Read now\nED usually has something physical behind it, particularly in older men. But psychological factors can be a factor in many cases of ED. Experts say stress, depression, poor self-esteem, and performance anxiety can short-circuit the process that leads to an erection. These factors can also make the problem worse in men whose ED stems from something physical.\nFactors that mediate contraction in the penis include noradrenaline, endothelin-1, neuropeptide Y, prostanoids, angiotensin II, and others not yet identified. Factors that mediate relaxation include acetylcholine, nitric oxide (NO), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pituitary adenylyl cyclase–activating peptide, calcitonin gene–related peptide, adrenomedullin, adenosine triphosphate, and adenosine prostanoids.\nInduction of erection occurs after stimulation of the cavernous and pelvic nerve plexus. Conversely, stimulation of the sympathetic trunk leads to detumescence. The reflex erectile response requires that the sacral reflex arc remain intact. Tactile and sensory signals are received by the somatic sensory pathways and integrate with parasympathetic nuclei within the sacral spinal cord (S2-4) leading to induction of erection via cholinergic signaling. These reflexogenic erections remain intact with upper motor neuron injuries. Psychogenic erections do not require that the sacral reflex arc remain intact. In a cat models, spinal cord removal below L4/L5 led to absence of a reflexogenic erection but stimulation of the medial preoptic area (MPOA) or placement near a female cat in heat led to erection (5,6). Psychogenic erections occur via induction of central pathways traveling from the brain through the sympathetic chain. Non-penile sensory pathways induced by sight, sound, touch and smell travel through the MPOA to the erection centers within the cord T11-L2, and S2-S4 to induce erections (7). When a sacral lower motor neuron injury is present in men, below T12 these types of erections are more likely to occur (8). Spinal cord lesions above T9 are not associated with psychogenic erections (9). Rigidity of erections is less with psychogenic erections because the thoracolumbar sympathetic outflow may contain a decreased concentration of neurons compared to the parasympathetic outflow from the sacral spinal cord.\nThis content is provided as a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), part of the National Institutes of Health. The NIDDK translates and disseminates research findings through its clearinghouses and education programs to increase knowledge and understanding about health and disease among patients, health professionals, and the public. Content produced by the NIDDK is carefully reviewed by NIDDK scientists and other experts.\nIf you are taking medications (alpha-blockers) for problems with an enlarged prostate, you should discuss your prostate medications with your doctor. Alpha-blockers also can cause lowering of the blood pressure. Thus your doctor will need to carefully watch your blood pressure when you start the PDE5 inhibitor. Common alpha-blockers include doxazosin (Cardura), terazosin (Hytrin), and tamsulosin (Flomax).\nWhile pills for ED are convenient, some men sustain stronger erections by injecting medication directly into the penis. Drugs approved for this purpose work by widening the blood vessels, causing the penis to become engorged with blood. Another option is inserting a medicated pellet into the urethra. The pellet can trigger an erection within 10 minutes.\nThe recommended starting dose of tadalafil for use as needed for most patients is 10 mg taken orally approximately one hour before sexual activity. A doctor may adjust the dose higher to 20 mg or lower to 5 mg depending on efficacy and side effects. Doctors recommended that patients take tadalafil no more frequently than once per day. Some patients can take tadalafil less frequently since the improvement in erectile function may last 36 hours. Patients may take tadalafil with or without food. Tadalafil is currently the only PDE5 inhibitor that is FDA-approved for daily use for erectile dysfunction and is available in 2.5 mg or 5 mg dosages for daily use.\nPatients should continue testosterone therapy only if there is improvement in the symptoms of hypogonadism and should be monitored regularly. You will need periodic blood tests for testosterone levels and blood tests to monitor your blood count and PSA. Testosterone therapy has health risks, and thus doctors should closely monitor its use. Testosterone therapy can worsen sleep apnea and congestive heart failure.\nThe Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) study, designed to determine whether an individual man’s sexual outcomes after most common treatments for early-stage prostate cancer could be accurately predicted on the basis of baseline characteristics and treatment plans, found that 2 years after treatment, 177 (35%) of 511 men who underwent prostatectomy reported the ability to attain functional erections suitable for intercourse. \nSo here’s something that’s really fascinating. Healthy eating is a way to reduce anxiety and stress. Now how, you may be asking, right? Well, think about it. We live in a world where there are so many variables and where we don’t have control over our lives. But now, with healthy eating, we have control over what goes into our body. And now having that control empowers us to be even healthier, to be more directive in what we do. And certainly, that begins then to reduce the anxiety and the stress. So all in one, you have a healthier body, but certainly a healthier mind.\nEverything you need to know about chlamydia Chlamydia is the most common STI in the United States, yet most people do not experience obvious symptoms. Chlamydia affects men and women and can harm the reproductive systems, sometimes permanently. Find out about the causes and symptoms of chlamydia, as well as what the best treatments are and how to get screened. Read now\nThe medications are extremely effective, which is very good. And the medications are, for the most part, extremely well-tolerated. But there are, like with any medications, a potential downside. The one absolute downside to the use of any of these erection what we call PDE5 medications is if a patient is using a nitroglycerin medication. And nitroglycerins are used for heart disease and for angina, for the most part, although there are some recreational uses of nitrites. And that’s important because your blood vessels will dilate and your blood pressure will drop. And that is an absolute contraindication.\nVED involved placing the penis in a clear plastic tube where negative pressure created by the vacuum pump leads to penile engorgement and tumescence. Usually a constriction ring can be placed on the base of penis following penile engorgement. Some men complain of bruising, a “cold” penis and pain associated with the constriction ring; however, in some men with NED sensation may not be intact mitigating the side effects of VEDs. VEDs have reported effectiveness up to 90% in certain ED populations and it remains a non-invasive means to achieve and erection.\nHowever, a review of a United Kingdom medical record database found no evidence that the use of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors independently increase the risk for ED. In 71,849 men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the risk of ED was not increased with the use of finasteride or dutasteride only (odds ratio [OR] 0.94), or a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor plus an alpha blocker (OR 0.92) compared with an alpha blocker only. In addition, the risk of ED was not increase in 12 346 men prescribed finasteride 1 mg for alopecia, compared with unexposed men with alopecia (OR 0.95). The risk of ED did increase with longer duration of BPH, regardless of drug exposure. \nOne study by Palmer and colleagues evaluated sildenafil use in SB males with thoracic lesions (76). A prospective, blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation, crossover study in 17 patients with SB and ED was performed. All study participates took sets of tablet in groups, two sets of placebo, one of 25 mg, and the last 50 mg. Overall response to the tablet sets was measured by IIEF response and self-report of erectile rigidity. Patients reported that taking 50 mg of sildenafil led to improved erections, duration of erections, frequency of erections and level of confidence compared to sildenafil 25 mg and more significantly compared to placebo. Of the five patients who reported side effects, two experienced mild hematological changes that reverted to baseline after study completion.\n…have traditionally been classified as impotence (inability of a man to achieve or maintain penile erection) and frigidity (inability of a woman to achieve arousal or orgasm during sexual intercourse). Because these terms—impotence and frigidity—have developed pejorative and misleading connotations, they are no longer used as scientific classifications, having been…\n2 inability of the adult male to achieve or sustain a penile erection or, less commonly, to ejaculate after achieving an erection. Several forms are recognized. Functional impotence has a psychological basis. Organic impotence includes vasculogenic, neurogenic, endocrinic, and anatomical factors. Anatomical impotence results from physically defective genitalia. Atonic impotence involves disturbed neuromuscular function. Poor health, old or advancing age, drugs, smoking, trauma, and fatigue can induce impotence. Also called erectile dysfunction, impotency. impotent, adj.\nPatients with both ED and cardiovascular disease who receive treatment with an oral PDE5 inhibitor require education regarding what to do if anginal episodes develop while the drug is in their system. Such education includes stressing the importance of alerting emergency care providers to the presence of the drug so that nitrate treatment is avoided.\nYears ago, the standard treatment for impotence was an implantable penile prosthesis or long-term psychotherapy. Although physical causes are now more readily diagnosed and treated, individual or marital counseling is still an effective treatment for impotence when emotional factors play a role. Fortunately, other approaches are now available to treat the physical causes of impotence.\nYou’ve probably heard of Viagra, but it’s not the only pill for ED. This class of drugs also includes Cialis, Levitra, Staxyn, and Stendra. All work by improving blood flow to the penis during arousal. They're generally taken 30-60 minutes before sexual activity and should not be used more than once a day. Cialis can be taken up to 36 hours before sexual activity and also comes in a lower, daily dose. Staxyn dissolves in the mouth. All require an OK from your doctor first for safety.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "What We Provide\nMale and Female Outpatient with Lodging\nThis service offers 16 male beds and 32 female beds in a sober environment and includes 28 hours weekly of programming. Clients are provided with lunch daily and transportation to and from programming. We are MAT friendly and mental health services are offered on site.\nAdult Co-Ed Intensive Outpatient Treatment\nOur adult treatment is focused on healing trauma and mental health issues in conjunction with addressing substance use issues. We prefer a nurturing approach, with an emphasis on education and empowerment to move forward. We are here to help clients put this phase of their life behind and start anew. Both day and evening outpatient hours are offered.\nYour personal history and circumstances make your issues unique to you. This service is tailored for you and is designed to get a clear picture of what services are needed to help you meet your individual goals. We are able to do Rule 25 assessments, comprehensive assessments, and mental health diagnostic assessments. In some cases, we may be able to do mobile assessments and come to you.\nMental health therapy\nWe offer mental health therapy to any adult or adolescent interested in attending. You do not have to be enrolled in our outpatient treatment to attend mental health therapy. We treat a variety of issues including trauma, depression, anxiety, personality disorders, grief, as well as family and marital issues. We have mental health professionals that are trained in EMDR in addition to a variety of other therapeutic interventions.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Clariness congratulates Micah Stanbridge on completing his ride across America!! Micah, you did a great job raising awareness and funds for patients with blood cancer. Since starting his ride, 25 people have signed up to be stem cell donors. It took Micah 6 weeks to finish his 4,100 mile trek from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean. I am sure he will be happy not to ride his bike for a few days. Clariness is very proud to have been one of Micah’s sponsors and we enjoyed riding along with him through his frequent posts and vlogs.\nMicah talks about reaching the end of the road in his current video.\nClariness has partnered with Micah Stanbridge to support his bicycle ride across the US. Micah is riding to raise awareness about blood cancers and blood disorders and the need for life saving stem cell transplants. Micah is raising money for Anthony Nolan, the world’s first bone marrow registry. The charity provides life saving support to people with blood cancer and blood disorders across the UK and beyond. Currently, there are 680,000 people on their registry of volunteer donors.\nMicah’s goal is to raise £15,000 for the Anthony Nolan blood cancer charity. He has reached 52% of his goal! It’s not too late to donate. You can support Micah and Anthony Nolan, by making an online donation here: https://www.justgiving.com/fundraising/supermarrowman\nTeam Clariness is behind you all the way Micah.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "REVIEW OF ULTRASOUND IN BC · BACKGROUND: Ultrasound (US) is a non-invasive imaging technology that...\nEmbed Size (px)\nTranscript of REVIEW OF ULTRASOUND IN BC · BACKGROUND: Ultrasound (US) is a non-invasive imaging technology that...\nREVIEW OF ULTRASOUND IN BC\nReport for the Laboratory, Diagnostic and Blood Services Branch,\nBC Ministry of Health\nApril 1, 2015\nVICKI FOERSTER, MD MSC\nBACKGROUND: Ultrasound (US) is a non-invasive imaging technology that detects and displays acoustic energy reflected from soft tissue interfaces within the body. Traditionally, images are captured by an US technologist, interpreted by a radiologist, and reported to a referring physician. US is provided in most hospitals in British Columbia (BC) to both inpatients and outpatients and is also provided in both publicly- and privately-owned outpatient facilities. About 800,000 US services were billed in BC in 2012/13 with total billings of about $70 million. US technologist human resources (training, clinical placement, recruitment and retention) is a challenging issue and can be a limiting factor for facilities approved to provide US services.\nIn order to bill the BC Medical Services Plan (MSP) for provision of outpatient US services, approval must be granted by the Medical Services Commission (MSC) itself or by the MSC’s Advisory Committee on Diagnostic Facilities (ACDF). Pending completion of a significant policy and program review, on December 19, 2012, the MSC instituted a moratorium on applications for new Certificates of Approval for all diagnostic services modalities under the authority of the ACDF (including US), with two notable exceptions where applications would still be considered: (1) for applications to add new services to existing Certificates; and (2) for demonstrated urgent health or safety needs. The general moratorium on diagnostic service applications was lifted on June 1, 2014; however, the US moratorium was continued and is currently scheduled to be lifted on June 1, 2015.\nPROJECT OBJECTIVES AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS: The project reviewed the medical appropriateness of the current MSC rules pertaining to the use of US in the delivery of patient care in BC. The project focused on publicly-funded outpatient US services, but also considered emergency department (ED) and inpatient US services. Research questions were posed under the following headings: (A) Current US Practice in BC, e.g., how US is used, in what settings, by which health care providers, and rural and remote issues; (B) The Evolving Landscape, e.g., clinical indications and urgency categories; and (C) MSC Requirements, e.g., the medical basis for the current requirements to receive a Certificate of Approval to bill MSP for outpatient US services, the medical basis for the different categories of US approval currently used, and the medical basis for the current restrictions on Doppler studies and echocardiography (i.e., currently these services may only be provided in public diagnostic facilities and hospitals.\nLiterature review: A May 2014 literature search of publicly available medical databases and ‘grey literature’ sought English language references published within the past 5 years that discussed uses of US in medicine, use by different health care professions, and use in tertiary care and telehealth.\nJurisdictional survey: Medical consultants at the Ministries of Health (MoH) from the other nine Canadian provinces were contacted by e-mail regarding US policies and practices in their jurisdictions.\nInterviews of experts and stakeholders: More than forty telephone interviews were conducted with stakeholders and experts such as radiologists, cardiologists, maternal-fetal-medicine specialists\n(MFMs), technologists, diagnostic facility managers, equipment manufacturers, and staff/representatives from the British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT), BC MoH, Ontario MoH, and the College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia’s (CPSBC) Diagnostic Accreditation Program (DAP).\nA. Current US Practice in BC\nA1. Literature review of US innovation: A dramatic innovation in US is the use of smaller, less expensive, mobile, point-of-care (POC) units by various types of physicians (and non-physicians), versus the traditional paradigm involving primarily fixed US devices operated by US technologists with images interpreted by radiologists. Generally POC US is used for triage, with quick examinations that are not formally documented. An estimated 450 POC units are in use in BC. BC physicians are not compensated for performing or interpreting POC US exams, although it is noted that ED physician fee items have been established in Ontario and Prince Edward Island.\nA2. Jurisdictional survey comparing BC to other provinces: Information on US policy and procedures was obtained for six provinces: Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland and Labrador. (Note that there are no private imaging facilities in Manitoba, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland and Labrador.) In Alberta and Saskatchewan, policy for privately-owned facilities is the same as for public facilities; in Ontario, the Independent Health Facilities Act provides specific guidance for privately-owned facilities. With respect to US urgency categories, only Saskatchewan has developed provincial guidelines, although Alberta expects to have categories developed by mid-2015. Regarding US telemetry, none of the responding provinces requires special permissions or prior authorizations, with images interpreted via telemetry treated the same as those interpreted by an on-site radiologist (although Ontario fees are lower for off-site interpretation).\nA3. Professional regulatory environment: Physicians wishing to bill MSP for interpreting US must have special credentialing, currently granted by the College of Physicians and Surgeons of BC (CPSBC), although health authorities will shortly take over this responsibility. Radiologists are exempt from the requirement for additional CPSBC credentialing as their residency training includes six months of US. There is currently no formal requirement for training in POC US, aside from optional certification offered by the Canadian Emergency Ultrasound Society (CEUS), and this lack of formal, consistent training is a concern for some. With respect to US technologists, a regulatory body and licensing requirement do not currently exist in BC, although regulatory options are actively being considered. A national professional society, Sonography Canada, provides entry-to-practice credentialing exams and national credentials for US technologists.\nA4. Issues for rural and remote communities: The main challenge for rural and remote communities is recruitment and retention of US technologists and radiologists along with other practical challenges such as lack of back-up help for vacations or illness, a need for technologists to have enough experience and confidence to work alone, limited opportunities for continuing education, and difficult schedules if on-call is required.\nB. The Evolving Landscape\nB1. Evolution in US indications: As US resolution has improved, indications have expanded, e.g., musculoskeletal conditions (e.g., shoulder, ankle and knee); first trimester nuchal translucency prenatal scanning for detection of Down syndrome and other congenital anomalies; visualization of very small structures like the carotid artery wall and foreign bodies in the eye; and increasing use for image-guided procedures such as biopsies, placement of lines, and needle-guided nerve blocks. There was no indication from interviews with technologists, clinicians and industry representatives that BC is not keeping up with clinical practice developments.\nB2. US telemetry: US telemetry is the performance and capture of US images in a location without a radiologist on-site, with electronic transmission to another location for interpretation. In BC, ACDF guidelines generally require a radiologist to be on-site when an US is performed but an exception may be made and a Certificate of Approval for US telemetry (interpretation performed by a radiologist located off-site) awarded. MoH data from January 2014 show 34 (public) hospitals/diagnostic facilities with Certificates of Approval to transmit US images to 17 receiving hospitals, e.g., the Castlegar and District Hospital transmitting images to the Trail Regional Hospital. While ACDF US telemetry policy states “the majority of ultrasound scans rendered at the diagnostic facility will continue to be scheduled when the visiting radiologist is on-site for the purpose of ultrasound supervision” (See Policy 2.4.3 at p. 22 of the ACDF Policies and Guidelines), in practice the frequency of radiologist visits varies widely. Generally, radiologists providing telemetry (interpretation) services visit the transmitting location every week, particularly in the southern parts of the province where population centres are not so geographically dispersed. However, there is considerable variation in frequency elsewhere in the province, for instance, once a month in some cases in the Interior Health Authority (IHA) and once a year in some cases in the Northern Health Authority (NHA). With respect to the impact of telemetry on provision of US in BC, four radiologists providing US telemetry services were interviewed and described the use of telemetry as an excellent and necessary practice.\nB3. US urgency categories: The BC benchmark for urgent, non-emergency US is 10 working days. Across Canada, only Saskatchewan currently has provincial benchmarks for US wait times although Alberta is developing them. The Saskatchewan benchmarks are: (1) < 24 hours to diagnose and/or treat life-threatening disease; (2) 2 to 7 days when indicated to resolve a clinical management imperative; (3) 8 to 30 days when indicated to investigate symptoms of potentially life-threatening importance; (4) and 31 to 90 days when indicated for long-range management or for prevention.\nC. MSC Requirements\nThe following issues related to policy and clinical practices were specifically explored in this report.\nC1. Medical basis for the requirements for a privately-owned facility to receive a Certificate of Approval to bill MSP for outpatient US services: (a) the facility must have ≥ one radiologist and (b) US Category IV approval\n(a) The original rationale for the requirement for the facility to have one or more (credentialed) radiologists was that a radiologist’s knowledge and experience were essential from a quality assurance standpoint. No significant evidence regarding the current medical appropriateness of this requirement\ncould be discerned and there was no consensus on this topic across physician specialties. An emerging consideration is the possibility that, if various other policies were to be changed, an imaging facility may not require an affiliated radiologist. With sufficient checks and balances in place (e.g., technologist and physician credentialing and DAP accreditation), quality of care could be monitored. However, conflict-of-interest with physicians potentially self-referring for US exams is a concern, as is the potential for a significant increase in utilization, with corresponding increased costs to the public plan.\n(b) Interviewees were not familiar enough with the policy details to state opinions about this requirement.\nC2. Medical basis for the eight different categories of US approval currently used\nMost interviewees were unaware of the various categories of US approval; an exception was management staff members from privately-owned community imaging clinics. Interviewees often thought the current categories were awkward, but there was no consensus about how the system could be improved. The most common opinion favoured reducing the number of approval categories, or even consolidating to just one (general) approval category.\nC3. Medical basis for the current restrictions on Doppler studies and echocardiography\nCurrently in BC, all Doppler and echocardiography studies must be performed in a public diagnostic facility/hospital. Interviewees were asked whether they could see a medical reason to continue this public diagnostic facility/hospital-only restriction, and the answer was generally ‘no’. It was felt that this limitation means hospital-based US departments are dominated by Doppler and echocardiography exams, leaving little booking room for other types of US that, consequently, must often be done by privately-owned community imaging clinics. A Doppler application particularly useful outside hospital settings is suspicion of deep vein thrombosis where a delay in booking can affect patient outcomes. A potential advantage of changing the policy to allow echocardiography in non-hospital settings is improved access with the potential for shorter wait times and increased convenience for patients. However, there were also areas of potential concern, e.g., movement of technologists to the private sector, increased utilization, flow of routine echocardiography referrals to the private sector leaving the more complex examinations to the public diagnostic facilities, quality of care issues, and privacy and information security issues.\nC4. Medical basis for requirements to receive a Certificate of Approval to bill MSP for outpatient US telemetry services [primarily the requirement that “the transmitting and receiving sites are specified in the application and are all public diagnostic facilities”]\nInterviewees involved in US telemetry were positive about the technology and practice, with the point made that telemetry makes US possible in smaller communities, enhancing patient access. However, there is significant variation in the frequency of radiologist visits to transmitting sites ranging from several times per week to once a year. It was noted that there is really no medical reason to restrict receiving sites to public diagnostic facilities as long as such sites (e.g., privately-owned diagnostic facilities) satisfy suitable quality processes.\nCONCLUSIONS The project’s purpose was to explore the provision of US services in BC as a first step in assessing whether the rules governing such practices accord with current clinical standards and best practices. Project research explored the current state of US in BC (e.g., uses, settings, providers); changes and innovations in US delivery locally and internationally; the use of US telemetry and urgency categories across Canada; and the medical appropriateness of several specific MSC policies that have been in place for many years. Through a literature review, stakeholder interviews and information from other provinces, it appears there is room for consideration of changes to some of the current US policies in BC. It is acknowledged that policy change can lead to unintended consequences related to utilization, costs, quality, human resources, and operational matters; as such, further review of policy and service delivery impacts (including financial and operational analyses), along with consultation and collaboration with stakeholders and partners, is recommended.\nAcronyms and Abbreviations Used\nAAA Abdominal aortic aneurysm\nACDF Advisory Committee on Diagnostic Facilities\nBC British Columbia\nBCIT British Columbia Institute of Technology\nCADTH Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health\nCAR Canadian Association of Radiologists\nCARDUP Canadian Association of Registered Diagnostic Ultrasound Professionals\nCEUS Canadian Emergency Ultrasound Society\nCPSBC College of Physicians and Surgeons of BC\nCSDMS Canadian Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers\nCT Computed tomography\nDAP Diagnostic Accreditation Program\nDI Diagnostic imaging\nED Emergency Department\nHTA Health Technology Assessment\nICU Intensive care unit\nIHA Interior Health Authority\nIP Independent practitioner\nMSC Medical Services Commission\nMSP Medical Services Plan\nMoH Ministry of Health\nMRI Magnetic resonance imaging\nNHA Northern Health Authority\nNT Nuchal translucency\nOHIP Ontario Health Insurance Plan\nPACS Picture Archiving and Communication System\nPOC Point of care\nSOGC Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada\nTEE Trans-esophageal echocardiography\nTABLE OF CONTENTS\nAcronyms and Abbreviations Used…………………………………………………………………………………………………………vii\nBackground ................................................................................................................................................... 1\nProject Objectives ......................................................................................................................................... 3\nResearch Questions ...................................................................................................................................... 3\nMethods ........................................................................................................................................................ 4\nLiterature Review ...................................................................................................................................... 4\nJurisdictional Survey ................................................................................................................................. 4\nInterviews of Experts and Stakeholders ................................................................................................... 5\nFindings ......................................................................................................................................................... 5\nLiterature Review ...................................................................................................................................... 5\nJurisdictional Survey ................................................................................................................................. 7\nFindings Specific to the Research Questions ............................................................................................ 8\nCurrent Practice in BC ........................................................................................................................... 8\nThe Evolving Landscape ...................................................................................................................... 12\nMSC Requirements ............................................................................................................................. 15\nReferences .................................................................................................................................................. 23\nAppendix A: Definitions / Resources Related to ‘Medical Appropriateness’ ............................................ 27\nAppendix B: Literature Review ................................................................................................................... 29\nBackground Ultrasound (US) is a non-invasive medical imaging technology that detects and displays acoustic energy reflected from soft tissue interfaces within the body. The reflections provide the information needed to form high-resolution gray scale images of the body, including blood flow. Images are generally captured by an US technologist (also known as a sonographer) using a specific type of US probe, with various probes available for specific functions. Traditionally, images are interpreted by a radiologist and a report is developed for a referring physician.\nUS is provided in most hospitals in British Columbia (BC) to both inpatients and outpatients and is also provided in both publicly- and privately-owned outpatient facilities as a benefit of the BC Medical Services Plan (MSP). According to MSP data, roughly 800,000 US services (including Doppler) were billed in 2012/13 with total billings of about $70 million. Most commonly billed services were obstetrical US and US examinations of the abdomen, non-pregnant pelvis, kidneys and extremities, as well as Doppler echocardiography of the heart. As of August 20, 2014, 96 BC facilities (publicly- and privately-owned, i.e., including hospitals and community imaging clinics) were approved for US services and 39 facilities (all public diagnostic facilities/hospitals) were approved for echocardiography services.\nIn order to provide US services to MSP beneficiaries as benefits and bill MSP, an approval must be granted by the Medical Services Commission’s (MSC) Advisory Committee on Diagnostic Facilities (ACDF) or the MSC itself. Pending completion of a significant policy and program review underway at the time, on December 19, 2012, the MSC instituted a moratorium on applications for new Certificates for Approval for all diagnostic service modalities under the authority of the Advisory Committee on Diagnostic Facilities (ACDF) (including US), with two notable exceptions: (1) for applications to add new services to existing Certificates; and (2) for demonstrated urgent health or safety needs.1 The general moratorium on diagnostic service applications was lifted effective June 1, 2014; however, the US moratorium was continued and is currently scheduled to be lifted June 1, 2015.\nBackground on US technologist training and supply issues in BC2\nThe British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT) offers the only US technologist training program in BC. The 27-month diploma program includes theory, labs and clinical training. Historically, there have been 24 entry seats. This number increased to 30 in 2010. The attrition rate from the program is very low, e.g., 30 of 30 will graduate in 2014 and it is anticipated that 29 of 30 will graduate in 2015. Clinical placement is a challenge. Students rotate through hospitals and clinics but a one-on-one training model means only one student goes to each site. The public system bears the training load as there is minimal involvement of privately-owned community imaging clinics.\nBCIT graduates write Canadian and/or United States exams set by the Canadian Association of Registered Diagnostic Ultrasound Professionals (CARDUP) and the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography exams, respectively. 1 http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/msp/infoprac/diag.html 2 Most information was obtained in a May 2014 telephone interview with staff at BCIT including the Program Head, an Associate Dean and the Sonography Program Head.\nTo write the Canadian exams3, students must have graduated from an accredited program but this is not true for the United States exams. Successful students are certified in general and/or cardiac sonography but licensing or regulation by the province is variable.4 Anecdotally, migration of graduates to Alberta is a challenge for BC employers (Alberta salaries are higher and there can be attractive signing bonuses).\nWithin BC there are also challenges for public diagnostic facilities/hospitals compared to privately-owned community imaging clinics with respect to recruiting and retaining US technologists. For instance, community imaging clinics are reported to provide more favourable pay scales and hours. For those dedicated to hospital work, advantages include public sector benefits and longer vacations for senior staff plus a wider variety of clinical experiences.\nThere is no central data collection for numbers of US technologists in BC; however, late 2014 numbers reported for public facilities in the Lower Mainland are 193 technologists/132 full-time equivalents (FTEs).5 Extrapolating from the provincial population and its distribution (approximately half in the Lower Mainland and half in the rest of the province), the numbers of US technologists in BC can be estimated at 400 technologists and 250 FTEs – in the public sector only. There would be similar numbers in the community based clinics,6 leading to a ‘ballpark’ total of 800 US technologists and 500 FTEs in BC.\nThe job vacancy rate in this field is significant. For example, approximately 70 FTE US position vacancies in public diagnostic facilities/hospitals were reported across the province in a July 2013 survey including 54 regular full-time positions, 9 part-time (4.3 FTE), 10 temporary full-time and 6 temporary part-time (3.2 FTE). In addition, there were 20 casual positions available.7 More recent data for the Lower Mainland public facilities and hospitals showed that, as of December 15, 2014, there were 37 active postings despite the hiring of 14 sonographers from the recent BCIT graduating class.\n3 Students writing the Canadian exam have complete mobility across Canada because they write the national certification exam of a national professional society. To make this certification work, Canada has a national accreditation program for education organizations, ensuring education outcomes align with a national set of competencies. The national body is now called Sonography Canada, representing a merger of the credentialing organization, CARDUP, and the professional association, the Canadian Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers (CSDMS). (Personal communication, BCIT Associate Dean of Diagnostic Technologies and Interim Vice President Academic/Vice President Education Research and International, December 17, 2014). 4 Only Quebec and Nova Scotia currently have a licensing regime for sonographers, although potential provincial regulatory or licensing regimes are being explored in Ontario and actively considered in BC. As of December 18, 2014, a regulatory regime was pending in New Brunswick. (Personal communication, BCIT Associate Dean of Diagnostic Technologies, December 17, 2014). 5 Personal communication: Medical Imaging Manager, Lower Mainland/Provincial Imaging Council, September 2, 2014. 6 Personal communication: Medical Imaging Manager, Lower Mainland/Provincial Imaging Council, September 2, 2014. 7 Based on survey information supplied by the Operations Director, Medical Imaging; St. Paul's, Mount Saint Joseph, Children's and Women's Hospitals.\nBC Ministry of Health (MoH) staff intend to review policies governing MSP-funded US including those related to telemetry (electronic transmission of US images from one location to another for interpretation by a radiologist). The objectives of the current project are to review the medical appropriateness of the rules pertaining to the use (and public funding) of US, including telemetry, in the delivery of patient care in BC. This need arises from:\n• Advancements in US and digital imaging technology\n• Evolving clinical indications, standards of care, and best practices in service delivery\n• Information obtained as part of the ACDF Modernization Project8\nThe report constitutes a detailed review of current US practices, primarily through a lens of medical appropriateness,9 as a first step in assessing whether the rules governing such practices reflect current clinical standards and best practices.10 The scope of the project includes inpatient, outpatient and emergency department (ED) settings, and all types of publicly-funded US exams.\nThis report examines: (a) roles and responsibilities of health care providers, including individuals (e.g., physicians and technologists) and organizations (e.g., health authorities and privately-owned community imaging clinics); (b) US clinical urgency categories and wait time benchmarks; (c) telemetry and point-of-care (POC) technologies and how they are impacting provision of US services; and (d) MSC policies/requirements relating to approvals to bill MSP for US services.\nResearch Questions To guide the project, research questions were developed.\nA. Current Practice in BC\n1. How is US currently being used?\n2. In what settings is US used?\n3. Which health care providers use US and what are their roles?\n4. What is the professional regulatory environment and are there any concerns?\n5. Are there issues unique to rural and remote communities?\n8 A summary of the ACDF Modernization Project is available at: http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/msp/infoprac/diag.html#acdf-modernization 9 A single, concise, comprehensive, universally-accepted definition of medical appropriateness does not exist. Please see Appendix A for an overview and resources related to definition and measurement of “medical appropriateness”. 10 In future phases of the policy review, MoH staff members plan to examine and analyze policy and practice from other perspectives including cost, health human resources, and service delivery model considerations.\nB. The Evolving Landscape\n6. How are the clinical indications for US evolving and is clinical practice in BC keeping up?\n7. How is digital imaging/telemetry impacting US service delivery and practice in BC?\n8. Do other Canadian jurisdictions employ US clinical urgency categories?\nC. MSC Requirements:\n9. Is there a medical basis for the current requirements that must be met to receive a Certificate of Approval to bill MSP for outpatient US services?\n10. Is there a medical basis for the different categories of US approval currently used?\n11. Is there a medical basis for the current restrictions on Doppler studies and echocardiography, i.e., studies are limited to public diagnostic facilities/hospitals?\n12. Is there a medical basis for the current requirements that must be met to receive a Certificate of Approval to bill MSP for outpatient US telemetry services, i.e. both sending and receiving locations must be public diagnostic facilities/hospitals?\nLiterature Review A literature search was conducted in May 2014 by an experienced health information specialist covering the international literature included in the PubMed database and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination Health Technology Assessment (HTA) database at the University of York in the United Kingdom. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms such as “ultrasonography” were used along with free text terms such as “ultrasound.” The search sought English language studies or reviews, published within the past five years, that discussed new or accepted uses of US in medicine, its use by different health care professions, and, in particular, its use in tertiary care and telehealth. With respect to Canadian resources, the search for grey literature included the web sites of Canadian medical US associations, the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH), and the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC).\nJurisdictional Survey In early June 2014, medical consultants at the Ministries / Departments of Health from the other nine Canadian provinces were contacted by e-mail, with the following questions posed:\n1. Do you have clinical urgency categories or wait time benchmarks for US services?\n2. What MoH requirements must be met for a facility to bill the public plan for outpatient US services (or be funded by government if not in a fee-for-service environment)?\n3. Are there different rules for publicly- versus privately-owned facilities in terms of US tests they can perform?\n4. Do you have US telemetry? If so, under what circumstances? What allows US telemetry services on outpatients to be billed to the public medical plan?\nInterviews of Experts and Stakeholders It was assumed that most valuable information would be obtained via telephone interviews with key experts and stakeholders and, to that end, 44 telephone interviews were conducted including:\n• Eight radiologists (11 interviews).\n• Three cardiologists.\n• All five regional health authority Diagnostic Imaging (DI) Department managers (8 interviews).\n• Representatives of five US equipment manufacturers (General Electric, Siemens, Toshiba, Philips and Sonosite [manufacturer of hand-held devices only]).\n• Three US technologists.\n• Management staff from four privately-owned community imaging clinics.\n• Ten others: BC MoH (2); Ontario MoH (2); College of Physicians and Surgeons of BC (CPSBC) (2); Diagnostic Accreditation Program of BC (DAP) (1); an Emergency Department (ED) physician knowledgeable about US training (1); BCIT (1 call with 3 people); and the Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) (1).\nLiterature Review The focus of the literature review was on recent developments and innovations in US, particularly with respect to provider groups and settings. Initial searching identified 145 articles of potential relevance. More detailed review of citations and abstracts shortened the list to 67 articles. Information was generally gleaned from abstracts, i.e., full text articles were not retrieved aside from those that were open access. Appendix B displays the findings in tabular form. Below is a summary of findings from the literature review, focusing on US providers and settings:\n• All included articles were generated by authors in the ’developed’ world with 14 countries represented: USA (28 articles); Canada (8); Italy (8); Australia (6); Austria (4); UK (4); Norway (2); and one each from France, Germany, Greece, Iran, Ireland, Portugal, and Romania.\n• Most articles (59 of 67; 88%) described applications for – or use of – POC US; only six (9%) focused on traditional US while two covered both POC and traditional US.\n• Settings for US use varied widely, including: inpatient; intensive care; ED; operating room; transport (ambulance, airplane and helicopter); and outpatient (including unusual or remote situations such as battlefields and mountaintops).\n• Ten provider groups reported on use of US – nine physician specialties and one non-physician group. o Anaesthesiologists: for US-guided procedures. o ED physicians: for many applications such as US-guided procedures, diagnosis of abdominal\naneurysm, assessment of cardiac structure and function (including during cardiac arrest), fracture diagnosis, gallbladder disease, and lung disorders such as pneumothorax.\no Family medicine: in remote locations, in particular.\no Intensive care unit (ICU): many applications such as ICU echo, pulmonary assessment, and renal imaging.\no Internal medicine specialties, including cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, respiratory medicine and rheumatology across a large number of applications.\no Medical students and trainees\no Pediatrics: for ED and ICU applications, as well as echocardiography.\no Sports medicine: for diagnosis of musculoskeletal conditions. o Surgical specialties, including general surgery, orthopedics, surgical ICU, thoracic surgery,\nurology and vascular surgery across a large number of applications.\no The non-physician group included: military medical teams for battlefield trauma; remote tele-monitored lung US administered by remote providers on mountains and in airplanes; and pre-hospital care provided by paramedics and other types of first responders.\n• Several references compared the accuracy of POC US use with traditional practices, e.g.:\no In the hands of ED physicians, successful internal jugular central venous catheter placement was significantly more likely when guided by POC US (94%) versus landmarks on the neck (79%), and complication rates were much more favourable (5% versus 17%). (Mehta et al., 2013)\no In diagnosing ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in ED patients with POC US, a systematic review of seven studies calculated sensitivity of 99% and specificity of 98%. This means POC US picked up 99% of AAAs that were present and only misdiagnosed an AAA where none was present in 2% of cases. The reference standards included one or more of: CT, MRI, aortography, traditional US performed by a radiologist, ED US reviewed by a radiologist, exploratory laparotomy, or autopsy. (Rubano et al., 2013)\no A systematic review of eight studies compared surgeon-performed US to the reference standard of pathological examination or radiologist-performed US for (a) suspected appendicitis or (b) suspected gallstone disease. For suspected appendicitis, the sensitivity was 92% and specificity was 96%; for suspected gallstone disease, the sensitivity was 96% and specificity was 99%. (Carroll et al., 2013)\no For the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis, a systematic review of 16 studies calculated the accuracy of POC US by ED physicians compared to colour-flow duplex US performed by a radiology department or vascular laboratory, or to angiography. Compared to the reference imaging, results showed weighted mean sensitivity of POC US of 91% and specificity of 97%. (Pomero et al., 2013)\no A meta-analysis examined the performance of POC US in the ED for diagnosis of pneumothorax versus chest x-ray as the gold standard. Results showed that POC US performed by physicians had higher sensitivity (88% versus 52%) and similar specificity (99% versus 100%) than chest X-ray, although US accuracy depended on the skill of the operators. (Ding et al., 2011)\no The performance of POC US by ED physicians to diagnose gallstones was investigated via a systematic review including eight studies. The reference standard was radiology-performed US,\nCT, MRI, or surgical findings. The pooled estimates for POC US sensitivity and specificity were 90% and 88%, respectively. (Ross et al., 2011)\nJurisdictional Survey Of the nine provinces contacted, six medical consultants responded (67%) from Alberta (AB), Saskatchewan (SK), Manitoba (MB), Ontario (ON), New Brunswick (NB), and Newfoundland & Labrador (NL). Table 1 displays the responses.\nTable 1: Information from the Responding Provinces\nQuestion AB SK MB ON NB NL\nDo you have US urgency categories?\nNo – developing them with anticipated completion mid-2015\nYes. Provincial guidelines (for US, CT, MRI) that can be\nNot at the provincial level; it is\nunknown but possible that there are at the local or\nNo Not at the provincial level;\nit is unknown but possible\nthat there are at the local or\nNot at the provincial level;\nit is unknown but possible\nthat there are at the local or regional level\nWhat are the MoH requirements for outpatient facilities to bill the plan?\nCPSA accreditation &\nradiologist licensure with AB – nothing\nelse is required (agreement with AMA)\nFacility must be licensed\nand physicians credentialed\nNo private system – all imaging is in\nFacility must be licensed and\nphysicians credentialed by\nCPSO. MDs may bill a professional fee for US in private\noffices but not the technical fee.\nNo private system – all imaging is in\nNo private system – all imaging is in\nAre there different rules for privately owned versus public facilities?\nNo, as long as there is a SMB\nNo No private system – all imaging is in\nThe IHFA outlines the types of US\nallowed in a private facility (about 40\nNo private system – all imaging is in\nNo private system – all imaging is in\nDo you have US telemetry in the province + what are the billing details?\nNot needed - for rural\nreading when using PACS,\nradiologists are considered to\nbe on site\nNot needed - radiologists\nlicensed in SK may interpret\nNot needed - radiologists\nlicensed in MB may interpret\nThere is a special lower fee for US interpretation if radiologist is not\nNot needed - radiologists\nlicensed in NB may interpret\nfrom anywhere (this is also true\nNot needed - radiologists\nlicensed in NL may interpret\nKEY: AMA=Alberta Medical Association; CPSA=College of Physicians & Surgeons of Alberta; CPSO=College of Physicians & Surgeons of Ontario; CPSS=College of Physicians & Surgeons of Saskatchewan; CT=Computed tomography; IHFA=Independent Health Facilities Act; MoH=Ministry of Health; MRI=Magnetic resonance imaging; PACS=Picture Archiving and Communication System; SMB=Schedule of Medical Benefits; US=ultrasound\n11 See Table 2 on p. 15 for US urgency categories and wait time benchmarks in SK. 12 The January 2013 list of (and compensation for) US fee items available for Ontario Independent Health Facilities (IHFs) is at: http://www.health.gov.on.ca/english/providers/program/ohip/sob/facility/diagnostic_ultrasound.pdf. Note: IHFs include privately owned facilities that may be publicly- or privately-funded (excludes hospitals). 13 While there is no policy requiring prior authorization to perform and bill for “distance reading” there are parameters, such as: (1) the interpreting physician must be in Ontario; and (2) CPSO Clinical Practice Parameters set out requirements for equipment that must be used when a physician is interpreting an image. (Personal communication: Ontario MOHLTC, Provider Payment Unit, SOB Fee Schedule Officer, January 13, 2015.)\nIn addition, a BC MoH provincial survey in late 2013 obtained information from Ontario and Nova Scotia and noted that urgency categories for US did not exist in these provinces.\nQuestions posed about issues related to privately-owned/publicly-funded diagnostic facilities were relevant only to a few provinces, i.e., Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Ontario.14 The four Atlantic provinces, three territories, and Manitoba do not have fee-for-service (FFS) private facilities. Likewise, in jurisdictions where there are no provincial urgency categories or wait time benchmarks, questions such as those related to wait times were not answerable by MOH staff members; however, there may be policies that are region- or hospital-specific and not known to, or applied at, the provincial level.\nFindings Specific to the Research Questions The findings below bundle together information gleaned primarily from the stakeholder interviews, with some information from the literature review.\nCurrent Practice in BC\nQuestions 1, 2 & 3: How is US being used, in what settings, and who uses it?\nQuestions #1-3 were addressed primarily via the literature review (detail is contained in Appendix B). The greatest recent innovation in US is the use of smaller, less expensive,15 mobile POC units in the hands of various types of physicians (and non-physicians), versus the traditional paradigm involving primarily fixed devices16 operated by US technologists with images interpreted by radiologists. These devices evolved from small durable devices developed in the mid-1990s for battlefield applications. POC US appears to have expanded greatly in the past few years.17 It is now being used by several dozen physician specialties, both to diagnose and to guide various procedures such as biopsies, insertion of lines and needle-guided nerve blocks.\n14 Ontario has had a moratorium on issuing licenses for new privately-owned imaging facilities since 1999; there are currently 934 IHFs with licenses issued by the MoH (Personal communication with a QA & Inspection Analyst, Independent Health Facilities Program, Ontario MoH, September 12, 2014). 15 A POC unit costs $30,000 - $55,000 versus a traditional US unit at $150,000 to $200,000+, depending on the number of probes and other various purchased add-ons. According to recent lifecycle guidelines issued by the CAR, the expected life of a traditional US device is 7 to 9 years, depending on how intensively it is used. A vendor confirmed that the lifecycle of POC US devices is similar. 16 Some of the traditional US devices can be moved to the bedside or elsewhere but this is not common as it is time-consuming and awkward and also means the device is not available in the DI department. 17 In the year 2000 there were three suppliers of POC US devices, versus 23 in 2013. Reference: Ridley EL. Is radiology losing its grip on compact ultrasound? 2013 Feb. Available at: http://www.auntminnie.com/index.aspx?sec=ser&sub=def&pag=dis&ItemID=102438\nThis new POC paradigm generally avoids the need for an US technologist, with a non-radiologist physician both performing and interpreting the US in ’real time’. POC US was described both by interviewees and in the literature18 as being like an extension of the stethoscope, i.e., it allows the examiner to take a further step in assessing a patient. Generally POC US is used for triage, particularly to quickly rule out worrisome conditions (e.g., to determine whether a deep vein thrombosis or ectopic pregnancy is present) with examinations being quick and, aside from notes in the chart (which may or may not be made), undocumented. In particular, there is no storage of images and no entry of these images into the main DI Picture Archiving and Communication (PACS) system.\nVia POC, the examiner can determine whether the patient requires no further imaging – or requires a detailed US in the hands of a technologist and radiologist via the traditional method. A number of radiologist interviewees noted that they have not seen a decrease in traditional US requests due to POC imaging use in the ED, in part due to the significant backlog of requested appointments and also because an ED physician can rule out urgent conditions with POC but often cannot make a diagnosis. One radiologist noted (anecdotally) that there are fewer inappropriate urgent US requests to the DI department since POC US has been used to rule out suspicious conditions.\nPOC US is increasingly used to guide procedures such as line placement (versus the traditional reliance on body surface landmarks); it was suggested this has become a “standard of care” in some situations due to its high degree of accuracy. There was a sense that such US use may have decreased use of more expensive technologies such as CT and MRI in image-guidance procedures.\nIt appears that radiologists do not get involved in the use of POC US. Additionally, the DI department of a hospital is not involved with POC purchase or maintenance. Interviewees believed these devices are purchased by other departments, perhaps with money from hospital foundations, i.e., their purchase is not part of an institution’s capital equipment plan.\nIn an attempt to acknowledge this new technology, the CAR has developed a (July 2013) position statement on POC US, in collaboration with the SOGC.19 The document has also been endorsed by the Canadian Interventional Radiology Association and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. The CAR position is to recognize the value of POC US in the hands of non-radiologists, while stressing the need to minimize potential negative consequences of its use through appropriate quality assurance and user training. Similarly, the DAP is aware of the growing use of POC but at present has not included mobile POC technology within the scope of its accreditation activities.\nAlthough provincial data are not available, a general sense of the numbers of POC devices in BC may be inferred from Interior Health Authority (IHA) data. In the IHA, POC devices are regularly maintained by the Biomedical Department and department data were made available for this report. With a population of roughly 750,000 people, IHA is about 16% of the BC population.\n18 For example: Wittenberg M. Will ultrasound scanners replace the stethoscope? BMJ. 2014 May 29;348, and Gillman LM, Kirkpatrick AW. Portable bedside ultrasound: the visual stethoscope of the 21st century. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2012 Mar 9;20:18. 19 The July 2013 CAR position paper is available at: http://www.car.ca/uploads/standards%20guidelines/point_of_care_ultrasound_position_statement_20140527.pdf\nThe most recent information (mid-2014) shows that IHA has 75 POC US units; this extrapolates to about 450 units for the Province. All but three of the IHA POC devices were manufactured by a single vendor. They were acquired between 2001 and 2014 with purchase prices ranging from about $20,000 to $70,000. In all, POC devices are located in 27 of IHA’s facilities, ranging from smaller outpatient clinics (e.g., Sparwood) with one device to the largest site, Kelowna General, with 14. The devices are spread across many types of units such as the ED, ICU, wards (including obstetrics), and ambulatory care.\nUser training is an interesting issue. Whereas radiologists spend about six months of their four-year residency learning US interpretation, the various users of POC devices generally learn via a half-day course at a conference, or possibly at a weekend course. With the exception of standards developed by the Canadian Emergency Ultrasound Society (CEUS),20 there may not be requirements or standards for POC users at this time.\nPhysicians in BC are not additionally compensated for doing POC US exams; however, ED physicians have been compensated in the province of PEI since October 2014 via fee item 2900 at $30.00 per exam. Via fee item H100, the Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) has been paying ED physicians $19.65 for performing and interpreting POC US since June 2011. In fiscal year 2012, 18,967 H100s were billed to OHIP, increasing to 23,540 in fiscal year 2013 ($372,700 in 2012 and $462,560 in 2013). It is not clear what proportion of all POC US exams were performed in the ED, as there is no regular record of POC US performed unless OHIP billing is involved.\nA number of rules apply to billing an H100 in Ontario:21\n• The ED physician must “meet standards for training and experience to render the service” (as per the requirements set down by CEUS).\n• A radiologist must not be immediately available to provide an interpretation.\n• The US technology must meet certain minimum standards.\n• A permanent record of the image(s) and an interpretative report must be supplied.\n• No more than two of these procedures may be carried out on the same patient in a day.\n• Only suspicion of certain clinical situations is compensated including ruptured aortic aneurysm or ectopic pregnancy, pericardial tamponade, intraperitoneal hemorrhage due to trauma, and cardiac standstill.\nWith respect to innovation in US, aside from the increase in use of POC, radiologist and US technologist interviewees suggested several examples of changes over the past decade or so:\n• Increasing resolution accompanies newer US technology. Increased resolution has allowed new US applications, particularly in musculoskeletal conditions (most recently, imaging of the shoulder, ankle tendons and knee ligaments) – of interest to rheumatologists, orthopedic\n20 CEUS, formed in 2000, has established standards for certification as an ‘independent practitioner’ (IP) based on training via a one-day introductory course, 50 supervised cases and an exam. Of 14,000 ED physicians in Canada, 8000 have taken the introductory courses and 2000 are IPs. 21 Ontario Schedule of Benefits for Physician Services under the Health Insurance Act – May 2014. Page A13.\nsurgeons and sports medicine specialists. Several BC radiologists opined that these indications have expanded in part due to limited access to MRI scanning.\n• Another innovation is first trimester nuchal translucency scanning to rule out Down syndrome and other congenital conditions. Nuchal translucency scanning augments and may ultimately replace many invasive amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling procedures. (Only radiologists and obstetricians may interpret these images and they must be specially credentialed to do so by the CPSBC; likewise, technologists must be specially credentialed to perform the exams.)\n• Sonographic contrast is another innovation, particularly in liver disease. Elastography is an emerging technology for liver disease and other applications.\n• Notably, as the technology has become more advanced, the price of mid- and high-end devices has come down. User-friendliness has also been enhanced.\nQuestion 4: What is the professional regulatory environment and are there any concerns?\n• A physician wishing to bill MSP for interpreting US must have special credentialing granted by the CPSBC.22 Radiologists who hold a CPSBC license to practice radiology in BC are exempt as it is acknowledged that their training includes six months in US. However, other physicians (primarily cardiologists and obstetricians) must apply to the CPSBC via completion of a detailed web-based application listing suitable training and experience. (This requirement is also in place in at least Alberta and Ontario.) When a physician is approved to bill for US interpretation, CPSBC notification goes to the physician, the relevant health authority and BC MoH Diagnostic Facilities Administration staff.\n• The CPSBC has notified the MoH that as of March 31, 2015 the credentialing task will shift to the MoH or its delegate. The credentialing task is apparently being taken on by the health authorities, with one exception: the CPSBC will continue to credential those few physicians who wish to interpret US but who do not hold health authority facility privileges.\n• An additional concern relates to the lack of uniform required training for POC US and the early stage of the learning paradigm for this skill: there is a significant gap between the half-day training for ED physicians and the six months of training for radiologists.\n• A regulatory body and licensing requirement for technologists do not exist in BC, although there are ongoing efforts to establish these (for medical imaging and laboratory technologists).\n• One interviewee expressed concern about the quality of clinical skills of technologists due to lack of regulation, i.e., a candidate may be able to pass the exams but lack actual hands-on skills.\n22 Until December 2010, credentialing was carried out by DAP (a program of CPSBC); it was subsequently transferred to the Office of the Deputy Registrar at the CPSBC.\n• A national professional society, Sonography Canada, was recently established through the amalgamation of the CSDMS (established in 1981) and the CARDUP (established in 2000). The Society:\no Provides national credentials and entry-to-practice credentialing exams\no Supports continuing medical education, primarily through a national conference and journal o Develops policies, professional practice guidelines, and a code of conduct\no Advocates on behalf of the profession\nQuestion 5: Are there issues unique to rural and remote communities?\nThe primary challenge identified by interviewees was recruitment and retention of US technologists. Although this is a challenge throughout the province (and beyond), it is particularly acute in smaller and more remote communities. An additional complication related to technologists is repetitive strain injuries and general ‘burnout’. A rural US technologist described challenges such as lack of back-up help from colleagues for vacations or illness, need for the experience and confidence to work alone, limited opportunities for continuing education, and impossible schedules if on-call is required. Recruitment and retention of radiologists can also be a challenge, although the possibility of US telemetry makes this challenge more manageable.\nThe Evolving Landscape\nQuestion 6: How are indications for ultrasound evolving and is clinical practice in BC keeping up?\nThis question is addressed in part via the response to Questions 1, 2 & 3 above. Interviewees noted that, as US resolution continues to get better, indications for US are changing. Examples of the changing scope of US (mainly traditional US, with some exceptions, particularly in [d]) are: (a) expansion into use for musculoskeletal conditions, particularly for imaging the shoulder, ankle and knee; (b) the advent of first trimester nuchal translucency prenatal scanning, particularly for detection of Down syndrome and other congenital anomalies, which may replace much of the need for invasive amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling procedures; (c) visualization of very small structures, e.g., the carotid artery wall, foreign bodies in the eye, and detached retinas; and (d) increasing use for image-guided procedures such as biopsies, placement of lines, and needle-guided nerve blocks. There was no indication from interviews with technologists, clinicians and industry representatives that BC is not keeping up with clinical practice developments.\nQuestion 7: How is digital imaging/telemetry impacting ultrasound service delivery (practice) in BC?\nDigital imaging is well established in BC and continues to move forward. Most imaging is captured digitally regardless of specific technology, e.g., CT and MRI. There are many advantages to digital capture, including instantaneous sharing of images and information and long-term image storage.\nTelemetry in this context is the performance and capture of US images in one location (without a radiologist on site), with the electronic transmission of those images to another location to be read by a radiologist. Through modern PACS, images are no longer being actually transmitted per se; rather they are being uploaded to a central server that stores a database containing the images. A radiologist then\nlogs on to the system to view the image and record an interpretation. Once uploaded, the image is stationary and the viewer comes to the image, it is not transmitted to them. However, from a policy perspective, an image is still being read at a different physical location than where it was captured.\nGenerally, having a radiologist on-site when US is performed is a requirement to bill MSP, but an exception may be made and a Certificate of Approval for telemetry awarded. According to the most recently published (November 2014) policy governing the ACDF (the “Policies and Guidelines”) ,23, 24 which addresses telemetry, the following requirements must be met before the ACDF may grant a telemetry approval:\n• Transmitting and receiving sites are specified in the application and are public diagnostic facilities.\n• The volume of diagnostic US services does not currently justify a full-time radiologist’s coverage at the diagnostic facility.\n• The use of diagnostic US telemetry will not negatively affect the existing on-site visit schedules of radiologists.\n• The majority of US scans will continue to be scheduled when the visiting radiologist is on-site for the purpose of supervision.\nMoH data from January 2014 record 34 hospitals with Certificates of Approval to transmit US images to 17 receiving hospitals, e.g., the Castlegar and District Hospital transmitting images to the Trail Regional Hospital, the Whistler Health Care Centre transmitting to Lion’s Gate Hospital in North Vancouver, and Lady Minto Hospital on Salt Spring Island transmitting to the Royal Jubilee Hospital in Victoria. Telemetry allows US to be offered without a radiologist present daily. The pattern of care described at one small hospital was:\n• An US technologist is employed in the small hospital and performs inpatient and outpatient US exams about four days a week.\n• The radiologist visits the hospital one day per week and at that time the more complex US are performed, including US-guided procedures.\n• On days when the radiologist is not on-site, the US technologist uploads the images to the health authority’s PACS.\n• The radiologist reads the US images from the receiving site at some point during the day and dictates reports. If needed, a verbal report is available to the small hospital’s technologist or referring physician. The radiologist is also available by phone if the technologist needs to consult on an urgent basis. If the radiologist’s response is not immediate, the patient may be asked to wait until the radiologist responds.\n23 “Policies and Guidelines of the Medical Services Commission’s Advisory Committee on Diagnostic Facilities”, British Columbia Medical Service Commission, November 2014 (the “Policies and Guidelines”). Available at: http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/msp/infoprac/ACDF%20Policy%20Guidelines_June%201%202014.pdf. 24 Note: In addition to these telemetry-specific requirements, US service provision in privately-owned facilities must also meet the following: (a) the diagnostic facility has one or more appropriately credentialed radiologists; and (b) the diagnostic facility already holds a Certificate of Approval that permits radiology Category IV services.\nGenerally the radiologists providing telemetry services visit the hospital/public diagnostic facility every week although there are exceptions, including once a month (in the Interior) and once a year (in the North Health Authority [NHA]). In the NHA, resident radiologists are only present in Prince George, Terrace and Dawson Creek. Ten other NHA sites that perform US have visiting radiologists. Day-to-day, NHA technologists perform US and upload images to the PACS; most are read by a radiologist in Prince George. In these cases, US technologists are operating alone much of the time although many are senior technologists and mentoring systems are in place. Up to 2014, on-site visits were generally performed by a senior technologist on an occasional basis but a new regional radiologist lead recently visited every NHA site to ensure technologist competence and note where improvement was needed.\nIn a number of small Lower Mainland hospitals, US is performed 5 days per week with the radiologist on-site one of those days. If the radiologist is not present and the technologist has a concern, a call to the radiologist allows both the technologist and the radiologist to view the PACS images simultaneously to determine whether more images are needed before the patient is released. The radiologist must be available to respond remotely within 5 minutes and to be on-site within 30 minutes. Situations can be fluid year-to-year, e.g., at one point, the hospital in Powell River sent US images to Lion’s Gate Hospital for interpretation but now there is a resident radiologist in Powell River. This was also the case with the Whistler Health Care Centre and Squamish Hospital, but now a local radiologist travels between the two sites day-to-day.\nWith respect to the impact of telemetry on provision of US in BC, four radiologists providing US telemetry services were interviewed and described the use of telemetry as an excellent and necessary model. Also, the requirement for radiologists to be present on-site on a regular (visiting) basis when US are performed seemed to be well supported due to the desirability of an established relationship between the radiologist(s) and technologist(s), the occasional need for them to speak in person and the availability of a radiologist to be ‘hands-on’ with some patients. The comment was made that, ideally, specific radiologist(s) are associated with a US telemetry site, with regular visits to do complex cases, provide hands-on when needed, ensure quality processes, and maintain a relationship with the technologist(s).\nQuestion 8: Do other jurisdictions employ ultrasound clinical urgency categories?\nThe Policies and Guidelines set a benchmark for urgent, non-emergency US to be done within 10 working days. As noted previously, information gathered through a jurisdictional survey indicated that only Saskatchewan has a provincial benchmark for US wait times (Table 2, below), although Alberta is in the process of benchmark development with anticipated completion mid-2015. One BC radiologist noted that benchmarks can be beneficial as they can drive efforts to contain or improve wait times and wait lists.\nTable 2: Urgency wait time policy for CT, MRI and US in Saskatchewan\nLevel Description Wait time\n1 Immediately necessary to diagnose &/or treat life-threatening disease STAT to 24 hours\n2 Indicated to resolve a clinical management imperative 2 to 7 days\n3 Indicated to investigate symptoms of potentially life-threatening importance\n8 to 30 days\n4 Indicated for long-range management or for prevention 31 to 90 days\nAlthough current BC wait time measurement and performance were not direct objectives of this report, some Information pertaining to wait time benchmarks and issues was provided by interviewees. For example, a radiologist at a large Lower Mainland hospital reported the following:\n• Emergency patients are scanned within an hour (during normal working hours).25\n• Inpatients are scanned the day of the request or the next day.\n• Urgent patients from associated clinics (i.e., ‘feeder clinics’) are scanned within two weeks.\n• Data collected late May 2014 for next available appointments showed routine outpatient booking to involve, on average, a four-month wait, ranging from 10 days for abdomen to 7 months for shoulder.\nQuestions #9-12 relate to current ACDF US policy.26\nQuestion 9: Is there a medical basis for the current requirements that must be met to receive a Certificate of Approval to bill MSP for outpatient US services?\nAs in the previous version of the policy, a recent update contains the same requirements to obtain approval to bill MSP for US services:\n(a) The diagnostic facility has one or more radiologists who are appropriately credentialed.\n(b) The diagnostic facility holds a Certificate of Approval that permits radiology Category IV services.\n(a) Requirement that a facility has one or more radiologists: The original rationale for the requirement that a facility have one or more radiologists appears to be that a radiologist’s knowledge and experience were viewed as essential from a quality assurance standpoint. There were varying perspectives as to whether this rationale (and the requirement) remains medically and clinically valid. Some interviewees did not feel there was a medical basis for the existing requirement;\n25 US is provided after 5:30 by radiology residents and fellows as US technologists are not on call. 26 Due to the specific nature of these questions, and the limited availability of empirical or other evidence in the research literature, answers are based primarily on expert opinion.\nhowever, no significant evidence regarding the current medical appropriateness of this requirement could be discerned and there was no consensus on this topic across physician specialties.\nAn emerging consideration is the possibility that, if various other policies are changed, an imaging facility may not require an affiliated radiologist. For example, if echocardiography was no longer limited to hospitals, a privately-owned community imaging clinic or cardiologist’s office could become an echocardiography site and the cardiologist(s) could be the responsible physicians. Similarly, the role/scope of MFM physicians could be expanded to include the ownership or management of privately-owned, publicly-funded obstetrical US facilities.\nWith sufficient checks and balances in place (e.g., technologist and physician credentialing and DAP accreditation), quality of care could be monitored and maintained; however, a concern is the potential for conflict-of-interest with cardiologists and MFMs self-referring for US exams. In fact, a multitude of specialties (in addition to radiologists, MFMs, and cardiologists) currently use US in their practices, so, hypothetically, they could bill MSP for these US services if policy was changed. Thus, the potential for conflict-of-interest may arise in a number of settings, and there are also potential impacts on utilization and MSP billing. Conflict-of-interest concerns arising in such clinical settings could potentially be managed via existing MoH conflict-of-interest policy.27\n(b) Requirement for a facility to hold a Category IV approval: Unfortunately, interviewees were not familiar enough with the policy details to state opinions about this. The only current situation where this requirement would be an issue is for Category II (obstetrical US), as Category III (echocardiography) is not currently permitted outside a hospital/public diagnostic facility.\n27 See the following policies: (1) Policy 2.4.4 of the ACDF Policies and Guidelines at: http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/msp/infoprac/acdf-policy-manual.pdf; and (2) the Diagnostic Facility Conflict of Interest Policy at: http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/msp/infoprac/DiagnosticFacilityConflictOfInterest.pdf\nQuestion 10: Is there a medical basis for the different categories of US approval currently used?\nA multi-category system for types / body sites of US is used by MSP and ACDF/MSC diagnostic facility approvals (Table 3).28\nTable 3: Classification of US approval categories (abbreviated)\nCategory Description Notes\nI Ophthalmic B-scan (1 fee item) May soon be unnecessary as it is only used for one ‘grandfathered’ eye care centre\nII OB / Gyn (7 fee items such as guided amniocentesis and obstetrical B-scan)\nMost facilities performing US have been awarded Category IV; therefore, several interviewees queried the utility of this category\nIII Echocardiography (5 fee items such as echo-real time and guided pericardiocentesis)\nA ‘stand-alone’ category specific to echocardiography. By policy, permitted in public diagnostic facilities and hospitals only.\nTEE Trans Esophageal Echocardiography - contains 1 fee item\nA ‘stand-alone’ category separate from Category III Echocardiography. By policy, permitted in public diagnostic facilities / hospitals only.\nContains 13 fee items such as thoracic, renal and abdominal scans\nIncludes most of Category II fee items. May apply to smaller hospitals who do not wish to apply for a full Category IV due to maintaining equipment and expertise, credentialing physicians, and accreditation fees\nIV full Contains 4 additional fee items including guided thoracentesis, guidance for biopsy or cyst puncture, B scan of the brain and miscellaneous\nPerformance of all types of US including those in Categories I, II and limited IV\nContains 11 fee items such as treadmill stress, peripheral venous, carotid imaging-duplex scanning of neck vessels.\nBy policy, permitted only in public diagnostic facilities / hospitals.\nContains 2 fee items –obstetrical B Scan less than 14 weeks with NT measurement for singles or multiples/each additional fetus.\nSpecialized prenatal screening for determining the incidence of Down syndrome, trisomy 18 or an open neural tube defect. Currently approved for 17 public and private diagnostic facilities in BC.\nOPINION: Most interviewees were unaware of the categories (management staff members at privately-owned community imaging clinics were an exception). Interviewees often thought the current categories were awkward, but there was no uniform consensus about how the system could be improved. Several comments:\n• Category I: Ophthalmic B-scanning is pretty much outdated and it will soon disappear anyway.\n• Category II: If it becomes possible for MFMs to oversee privately-owned community prenatal US facilities (without the need for a radiologist), a case could be made for retaining this category – otherwise its utility is uncertain.\n28 http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/msp/infoprac/physbilling/payschedule/ultracatlist.pdf (June 2012)\n• Category III: Most thought it was unclear why as to why echocardiography stands on its own as it could be rolled into Category IV. Although special training and credentialing for echocardiography are required for technologists and physicians, there are other processes to ensure these requirements are met, e.g., CPSBC, health authority and accreditation processes.\n• Category IV – two sub-types, ‘limited’ and ‘full’: No interviewees really understood why the two category sub-types were required unless, as one manager noted, the ‘limited’ sub-type served to restrict radiologists at smaller facilities from performing more advanced techniques. However, there are other processes to ensure care is appropriate.\n• Doppler studies: As noted under the Question 11 comments, below, there was broad support from a medical perspective for removing the restriction on Doppler to being public diagnostic facility/hospital-based only, although there were some concerns expressed about possible changes in utilization.29 At one time, Doppler capability was an ‘add-on’ when US devices were purchased, but now all new US machines are Doppler-capable and radiologists and technologists are trained in its use.\n• NT: As a fairly new US advance, NT raised interesting questions about management of new technologies. Some felt NT could be bundled under Category IV as there are other processes to ensure care is appropriate (e.g. credentialing and accreditation), while others thought its uniqueness and limited distribution justified retaining a special category. Regardless, it was suggested that there should be a ‘sunset clause’ for new technologies, at which point they would not be excluded from a general investigation category (i.e., Category IV).\nThe most common opinion was that the categories could be collapsed into just one (Category IV) or at least significantly fewer categories than the current eight; in other words, the somewhat ad hoc system of multiple categories that is now in place could be consolidated and rationalized. Quality mechanisms such as credentialing and accreditation would be required to ensure quality of care and medical appropriateness; however, some concern was expressed that quality monitoring and assurance might not be sufficient for privately-owned community imaging clinics as associated radiologists could potentially not be affiliated with any health authority.\n29 Many interviewees said that colour Doppler is often employed now in privately-owned community imaging clinics to aid diagnosis but there is no fee item for this feature. There was concern about increasing utilization if fee items are developed.\nQuestion 11: Is there a medical basis for the current restrictions on Doppler studies and echocardiography (e.g., a requirement that these studies are limited to public diagnostic facilities / hospitals)?\nCurrently, according to the Policies and Guidelines, all Doppler and echocardiography studies must be performed in public diagnostic facilities/hospitals.30 This has been the case for several decades although it is not clear why these restrictions were established. There is no parallel restriction in at least Alberta and Ontario. A number of interviewees suggested the following potential rationales for why this policy may have been adopted:\n• When the policy was established the technologies were new and or of variable quality\n• Technologists were not consistently trained in use of the technology\n• Control of utilization may have been desired\n• Possible pressure from hospitals seeking to retain the services to earn the technical fees.\nOPINION: Interviewees were asked whether they could see a medical reason to continue the public diagnostic facility/hospital-only restriction, and the answer was generally “no”. Interviewees often mentioned that this limitation means hospital-based US departments are dominated by echocardiography and Doppler, leaving little booking room for other types of US that, consequently, often must be done by the privately-owned community imaging clinics. A Doppler application particularly useful outside public diagnostic facility/hospital settings is suspicion of deep vein thrombosis, where a delay in booking can affect patient outcomes.\nPotential advantages of changing the policy to allow echocardiography in non-hospital settings, i.e., privately-owned community imaging clinics, are: improved access, with the potential for shorter wait times and increased convenience for patients. However, potential areas of concern with respect to a policy change were identified, including:\n• Potential flow of technologists to the private sector due to increased demand for their services at privately-owned community imaging clinics.\n• Increased utilization of echocardiography.\n• Exacerbation of the ‘turf battle’ between radiologists and cardiologists for echocardiography interpretation service fees.\n• Lack of training spots for radiologists and cardiologists to gain echocardiography competency and certification.\n• Flow of routine echocardiography referrals to the private sector leaving the more complex stress echocardiography and trans-esophageal echocardiography to the public diagnostic facilities/hospitals (these constitute about 5% of exams and are more time consuming and intensive, relatively less remunerative, need a nurse present, and involve higher-risk patients).\n30 A very few exceptions have been granted, e.g., the Oceanside Clinic in Parksville, and a health-authority-owned outpatient facility in Kelowna (not currently being used).\n• Potential quality of care issues if echocardiography is set up in private offices without sufficient quality oversight.\n• Potential privacy/information security issues if images move between health authority sites and privately-owned community imaging clinics.\nSeveral interviewees suggested that any potential loosening of the public diagnostic facility/hospital-based restriction could be tied to a requirement that privately-owned community imaging clinics that wish to offer Doppler and/or echocardiography be obliged in return to participate in clinical training of technologists.\nQuestion 12: Is there a medical basis for the current requirements that must be met to receive a Certificate of Approval to bill MSP for outpatient US telemetry services?\nThe current requirements for US telemetry in the Policies and Guidelines are:\n• Transmitting and receiving sites are specified in the application and are public diagnostic facilities.\n• The volume of diagnostic US services does not currently justify a full-time radiologist’s coverage at the diagnostic facility.\n• The use of diagnostic US telemetry will not negatively affect the existing on-site visit schedules of radiologists.\n• The majority of US scans rendered at the diagnostic facility will continue to be scheduled when the visiting radiologist is on-site for the purpose of US supervision.\n• A Certificate of Approval may only be granted for a period of two years or less.\nInterviewees included four radiologists and several imaging managers with US telemetry experience. Their responses to its benefit were positive, with the point made that telemetry made US possible in smaller communities and this enhances patient access, particularly in circumstances where radiologists make regular visits to the small imaging departments to ensure quality care and also to schedule complex examinations when they are present. However, there is significant variation in the frequency of radiologist visits to different imaging sites, ranging from several times per week to once a year.\nOPINION: There was general support for approval/use of US telemetry, particularly when employed in hospitals/public diagnostic facilities with regular visits by radiologists, as specified in MSC policy, although it was noted that there is really no medical reason to restrict receiving sites to public diagnostic facilities as long as facilities in question satisfy suitable quality processes. In particular, most interviewees could see the practicality of extending reading sites to DAP-accredited non-hospital sites, i.e., privately-owned diagnostic facilities/community imaging clinics.\nDiscussion The project’s purpose was to explore US provision in BC because issues of concern to the MSC and MoH have led to a moratorium on applications for new, expanded or relocated outpatient US facilities until June 1, 2015. The medical appropriateness of various MoH US policies drove development of research questions ranging from changes and innovations in US delivery (focusing on settings and providers) to use of US telemetry and urgency categories.\nChanges and innovations in US delivery\nOver the past decade there has been a marked increase in use of POC US. In some cases this has added another layer of US examinations as performed by a wide-range of physician (and non-physician) providers. POC settings range from ICU and the ED to mountaintops and battlefields. Anecdotally, this has not resulted in a decrease in numbers of traditional US exams performed by US technologists and interpreted by radiologists. POC US is increasingly used to guide procedures such as line placement, biopsies and nerve blocks and has been described by some as a new standard of care in certain settings. The latter application involves a number of non-radiologist physician specialties, e.g., anesthesiologists and ED physicians. However, the place in care of POC US is still evolving. Although POC US provides a triage tool, there are associated challenges related to quality, e.g., training providers, maintaining devices, and storing images. At this time, POC US provider compensation is not a high-profile, active issue in BC; however, it may become so with examples of US POC billing by ED physicians being set in Ontario and PEI.\nChanges and innovation in traditional US have also occurred, such as increasing resolution that has allowed new US applications, particularly in musculoskeletal conditions (most recently, imaging of the shoulder, ankle tendons and knee ligaments). Another innovation is first trimester nuchal translucency, i.e., scanning to rule out Down syndrome and other congenital conditions that may replace invasive amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling.\nIssues for rural and remote communities\nThe primary issue for small communities is recruitment and retention of US technologists – but also recruitment and retention of radiologists. US technologist supply is a major issue all across BC (and beyond), despite the efforts of the training program at BCIT. Although the number of entry seats increased from 24 to 30 in 2010, optimal numbers are not known and BCIT staff members have expressed a desire for some longer-term, strategic planning for program capacity. Beyond challenges associated with the educational program, there are ongoing challenges related to hands-on training positions, as the burden of industry/sector training is placed mainly on publicly-owned facilities and hospitals with little participation by privately-owned community imaging clinics.\nAs for all imaging requests, there is a spectrum of urgency in response to patient need, ranging from emergency and inpatient through urgent to non-urgent/elective. In BC, the Policies and Guidelines provide a wait time target/benchmark for urgent (but non-emergency) US, with the US service to be\ncompleted within 10 working days.31 At least some BC radiologist leaders are sensitive to this target and go to great efforts to meet it – in part, to decrease the likelihood that potential US competitors could be granted approval to provide US services nearby or receive approval to significantly increase their capacity. A cross-Canada survey of provincial medical consultants queried whether US urgency categories are established in other jurisdictions but, aside from Saskatchewan where categories exist, and Alberta where categories are under development, other provinces have not taken this route. However, staff members from other jurisdictions noted that urgency categories may exist at the hospital or regional levels without the knowledge of their respective ministries of health.\nMSC policy issues\nFor this project, four questions (Questions #9 through 12) were posed related to current MSC policies: (1) requirements to receive a Certificate of Approval to bill MSP for outpatient US; (2) categories of US approval; (3) Doppler studies and echocardiography restricted to public diagnostic facilities/hospitals; and (4) requirements to receive a Certificate of Approval to bill MSP for outpatient US via telemetry. In brief:\n• Requirements to receive a Certificate of Approval to bill MSP for outpatient US: A key issue is related to the current requirement for a radiologist to be affiliated with a privately-owned community imaging clinic. An emerging issue is that, if various other policies are changed, it could be possible for cardiologists (in the case of echocardiography) and MFMs (in the case of obstetrical US) to be the responsible physicians without the need for an affiliated radiologi", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "April 20—University of Pennsylvania microbiologist Susan Weiss, PhD, co-director of the Center for Research on Coronaviruses and Other Emerging Pathogens, joins Chief Investment Officer Tony Roth to discuss the origins of the coronavirus, a field Dr. Weiss has researched for more than four decades. Listen as Dr. Weiss walks us through the biology and epidemiology of COVID-19.\nMarch 25, 2020—Tony is joined by Wilmington Trust’s Chief Planning Officer Don DiCarlo, who shares his insights on several wealth planning opportunities that can be particularly beneficial during the current market environment.\nMarch 6, 2020—Chief Investment Officer Tony Roth is joined by Dr. Amesh Adalja, a Senior Scholar at Johns Hopkins University Center for Health Security in the Bloomberg School of Public Health. Dr.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Gastrointestinal perforation is a hole that develops through the walls of the GI tract. Any part of the GI tract can be perforated starting from the wall of the esophagus, the stomach, small intestine, large bowel, rectum or the gall bladder. The gastric or intestinal contents released spill into the peritoneal space. Peritonitis or inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity is caused due to GI tract perforation. The onset of gastrointestinal perforation is always sudden and is deemed as a medical emergency.\nAbdominal series: Supine and upright x-rays of the chest and abdomen are ordered to check for air in the abdominal cavity. Free air is shown under the diaphragm in the abdominal cavity if there is a hole in the intestine. Lateral chest x-rays are more effective in detecting free air than posteroanterior x-rays.\nCT scan: The computed tomography shows the exact location of the hole in the intestine. This is usually done when the abdominal series is non-conclusive. An abdominal CT scan with IV and rectal contrast may be done. Barium is usually not done if a perforation of the intestine is suspected.\nWBC :A white blood cell count is taken to assess elevation of white blood cells, indicating infection and inflammation.\nTreatment is surgical. Bowel perforation is a surgical emergency. If not operated on time the patient may go into severe sepsis and multi-organ failure.\nLaparoscopic surgery is also called minimally invasive surgery (MIS)\nSurgery of the esophagus is conducted for perforation\nSurgery on the small intestine is one of the most frequently done\nCollection of pus in the liver is a common occurrence\nColorectal surgery is required for disorders of the colon, rectum\nPancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple Procedure)\nIndividuals suffering from morbid obesity undergo gastric bypass\nGallbladder stones are an extremely common disorder\nMetabolic and bariatric surgery is the treatment of morbid\nGI Bleeding is an emergency. Patients present with massive\nThe portal venous system comprises of the portal vein", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "On Supplements: My Thoughts Explained\nWeight loss supplements are known to help people get fit faster. The ingredients in the supplements are ideal for weight loss. Though the supplements are known to have a number of benefits, people find it challenging choosing the right ones. To assist in selecting the right supplement that will meet your needs, here are the steps to follow.\nIt is recommended to consult your physician before taking the weight loss supplements. Moreover, you need to know the place where you can get the best supplements; the best way is by asking for recommendations from friends and relatives. Consumers need to confirm that the stores are licensed to operate in the area. Ensure that the physician is experienced in selling the supplements. It critical to pay attention to the tips as they will guide you on getting the best supplements.\nPeople who use weight loss supplements tend to enjoy the following benefits. One of the benefits of weight loss supplements is that they good at providing energy. During workouts, energy is a necessity as it enables one to exercise effectively and maximize their time. For instance, a pre-workout supplement may contain caffeine which is a good stimulant hence making one feel energized during workouts.\nIn addition, it is vital to use weight loss supplements since they provide efficiency and workout performance. By taking the weight loss supplements, you will be able to train at the peak efficiency hence making sure that you feel good during workouts and have more energy.\nSupplements are known to have a direct effect of reducing weight loss and improving body metabolism. Caffeine is one of the main components in most supplements and is effective in fat loss. One of the reasons as to why caffeine is used in most supplements is because it boosts fat oxidation, boosts body metabolism and lowers the chances of hunger.\nAt times one may get involved in an accident during workouts, in such a case, some certain supplements may assist the victims to heal faster. Besides, after a workout, it is normal to feel exhausted, however, one can bring back their energy by taking certain supplements. Those taking part in workout programs need to take supplements with ingredients like caffeine and creatine since they lower soreness and increase insulin levels thereby making one feel better.\nFirst and foremost, clients need to ensure that they have considered the experience of the company when choosing weight loss supplements. Before buying weight loss supplements, one needs to inquire about the years the companies have in the industry. Clients who have the vital tips of choosing the best weight loss supplements stand a chance of getting the best ones in the market.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Many people are suffering from depressive disorder for you seriously is just not ample optimism to defeat depressive disorders. In addition, your healthcare establishment’s best solution looks like its medicine. There exists another way; your entire body has an astounding chance to treat alone, not simply external to yet inside the camera as well.\nMany problems are amplified by way of poor lifestyle routines. The largest situation when this happens is that they frequently get unseen or maybe disregarded entirely. The difficulties involving pressure, poor eating routine, and a sedentary lifestyle seriously bring their toll. We begin to break down mentally and physically until us fall apart.\nA few of the aftereffects from expanded lack of appreciation of the groups desires starts to turn up. It could begin with the sleep behaviors, you seem to almost never get energy anymore, your current emotions will sway increasingly more, as well as at a particular point without the need of you’ll knowing for what reason, credit card debt negotiation for you to be depressed. If feels like you only woke up one particular morning hours and may certainly not get out of bed, finding it not easy to worry about nearly anything or maybe obtain the determination to fight the day. Using this method might take many months and even many years prefer which is the reason it creeps standing on us.\nIt may be very difficult to triumph over depressive disorders even when many of us admit we are also discouraged. The idea got a long time to get despondent this means you needs to be prepared for the possibility that it may take months to get your body-mind way back in contour. The mind and body usually are inextricable intertwined towards the amount in which anything you try to your brain appears by the body processes and vice-versa.\nThe nice news- For the reason that persona are quite intertwined the simplest way to set out to recover is via the entire body. I understand this really is a punch in the face to the people, who make the most of advertising serotonin re-uptake chemical drugs but you, your body can and will heal themselves. One warning We have could there be are a couple of intense cases that don’t allow the high end of your time, that may be much better functioned as a result of prescription medication. I am not saying about the use of treatment solely, it is got it in place, but it is completely over-used.\nThe situation while using the thoughts within the associated with depression would be the chemical substance imbalances that are fitted with taken place. It and typically we quite often get thus unbalanced which our health should go is not before your brain toxicology is in a negative way disturbed likewise. It appears as if the understanding now I am on the verge of write about is usually unusual understanding in fact, nevertheless, it will be the easiest usual procedure you can move through. You may also look at the Kong Chen weight loss techniques.\nExercise- There has been study after study displaying the acute good things about head chemistry in which cardio exercise has got. Head biochemistry and biology is literally altered right after comparatively limited intervals as soon as physical fitness is usually involved in. From none epinephrine so that you can this as well as the experience great pain hormones this enhance disposition along with feelings regarding well-being are generally revised with the great. These are generally sustained results, which get greater eventually together with extended exercises; it is just like returning to the original the organic condition. Click over her to get more info", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Spinal disk replacement\nA lumbar disk replacement is a type of back or spine surgery. Your spine is made up of bones called vertebrae that are stacked on top of each other. Disks between the vertebrae work like cushions to allow the vertebrae to rotate and move without the bones rubbing against each other. The lumbar vertebrae and disks are at the bottom of your spine. Lumbar disk replacement involves replacing a worn or degenerated disk in the lower part of your spine with an artificial disk made of metal or a combination of metal and plastic.\nLumbar disk replacement is generally seen as an alternative to the more common spinal fusion surgery. Fusion permanently joins 2 vertebrae together, disc replacement preserves motion which is closer to natural disc. Lumbar disk replacement is a major surgery that requires general anesthesia and a hospital stay.\nThe main reason you would need a lumbar disk replacement is to treat low back pain. Still, not everyone with low back pain is a good candidate for a lumbar disk replacement surgery. Your doctor will need to do some tests to see if it’s the right procedure for you.\nIn general, lumbar disk replacement surgery might be recommended if:\nYour back pain mostly comes from only 1 or 2 disks in your lower spine\nYou have no significant joint disease or compression on the nerves of your spine\nYou are not excessively overweight\nYou haven’t previously had spinal surgery\nYou don’t have scoliosis or another spinal deformity", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Cartilage, tendons and ligaments connect the bones of the human body. The body's joints are classified by the material connecting the bones together and by functionalities or the things the joints are able to do. Joints found in the human body can be classified three ways: synarthroses (joints that do not move at all), amphiarthroses (joints that are slightly movable) and diarthroses (freely movable joints). The freely movable joints, the most common joints found in the full-grown human body, are grouped into six categories.\nBall and Socket\nBall and socket joints, sometimes referred to as the \"enarthrosis\" or \"spheroidal\" joints, allow for a wide range of rotating movements–the greatest of all joints. A spherical head of a bone fits into a socket-like bone, much like the way the eyeball fits into its socket. Examples of these joints can be found in the bones of the shoulders and hips.\nCondyloid joints are similar to ball and socket joints: the head of one bone fits into the socket of another. The major differentiating feature between the ways these two joints work is the joint shape. Condyloid joints are not as spherical as ball and socket joints–condyloids are oval shaped. Examples of these are found in the fingers, toes and wrist.\nHinge joints are similar to a door on a hinge; these joints allow flexion and extension of the joint. These joints also allow for some slight rotation. Examples are found in the ankle, knuckle (finger), and in the largest hinge joint in the human body, the knee.\nSaddle joints are joints where one bone moves, or glides, in two directions. When comparing these to the other five joints, the range of motion is most similar to the condyloid. An example of a saddle joint is in the thumb’s base.\nIn gliding joints, which are often called a \"plane joint,\" one bone moves (or glides) over or along another. As \"plane\" implies, these joints are able to move in all direction of a plane and the joint capsule limits movement of the joint. Examples are seen in the wrist and ankle.\nThe bones of a pivot joint move by rotating or \"pivoting\" around another bone. One of the bones is ring-shaped and the other, pivot-like. A commonly cited example is at the base of the skull. This joint enables the head to move from one side to the other.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Senior Strategy & Business Development Associate - National Health Ser\nBoston Children's Hospital\nLocation: Brookline, Massachusetts\nInternal Number: 66410BR\nJob Summary The National Strategy team leads growth initiatives to drive Boston Children's Hospital's expanded national presence and create pathways for new patients from outside New England. As a member of this high-performing team, the Senior National Strategy and Business Development Associate will provide analytic, research and business planning support for the development and implementation of the hospital's national growth strategy. Activities for this role include research and analysis of market and competitive dynamics, quantitative analysis to assess partnership opportunities and synthesis of findings to support recommendations for future growth.\nThis Senior National Strategy and Business Development Associate will be responsible to:\nSupport and, at times, may own portions of strategy development and partnership analysis, providing comprehensive market and competitive research, business model assessment, internal and external benchmarking, and strategic options assessment.\nWith guidance from the Director, collects, validates, analyzes and synthesizes internal hospital data and primary and secondary research to contribute to the development of solutions to complex strategy problems. Through sound research skills, gathers intelligence on geographic-specific market, payer, competitor, and patient dynamics.\nOver time, develop a thorough understanding of healthcare markets in other states and various types of healthcare industry players and uses that understanding to apply business judgment in helping to assess opportunities for BCH.\nProvide decision support for department strategic and program planning and development. Collect and analyze department statistics, identify and communicate trends and prepare recommendations to achieve specified goals and objectives. Advise management on issues and prepares special reports and analyses as requested.\nParticipate in framing strategic challenges through data-driven insights and business context gathered from external and internal conversations for senior leadership delivery to appropriate stakeholders.\nInteract and collaborate with various stakeholders from other departments to build alignment on analytical challenges and solutions and shepherd broader change management efforts.\nTo qualify, you must have:\nA Bachelor's degree in Healthcare or Business Administration, Economics, Marketing, or a related field with at least 3 years of experience preferably in consulting, health system planning or healthcare setting. Master's Degree is a plus.\nAnalytical skills to collect information from diverse sources and an ability to take large and complex quantitative and qualitative inputs to develop clear and compelling analysis.\nStrong verbal and written communication, as well as presentation skills to effectively collaborate with cross-functional stakeholders and external constituencies\nFluency in Excel and PowerPoint\nBoston Children's Hospital offers competitive compensation and unmatched benefits, including affordable health, vision and dental insurance, generous levels of time off, 403(b) Retirement Savings plan, Pension, Tuition Reimbursement, cell phone plan discounts and discounted T-passes.\nBoston Children's Hospital is a 395-bed comprehensive center for pediatric health care. As one of the largest pediatric medical centers in the United States, Children's offers a complete range of health care services for children from birth through 21 years of age.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "*This blog post is in collaboration with iHerb*\nAs a former Nanny (and former Nursery Nurse in a Private Day Nursery) of 14 years I have cared for numerous babies & toddlers, and it is safe to say that no one skin type is the same.\nEach child is unique and therefore has individual likes, dislikes, allergies and needs.\nBoth of my children have Eczema, Emmy had it rather severely as a baby/toddler but out-grew it around 3 years old and it hasn’t returned. Harry developed his at the age of about 1 and still suffers now, aged 4 and a half.\nWhat is Eczema?\nThe word eczema comes from the Greek word “ekzein” which means “to boil.”\nEczema (also known as dermatitis) is a dry skin condition. It is a highly individual condition which varies from person to person and comes in many different forms. It is not contagious so you cannot catch it from someone else.\nIn mild cases of eczema, the skin is dry, scaly, red and itchy. In more severe cases there may be weeping, crusting and bleeding. Constant scratching causes the skin to split and bleed and also leaves it open to infection. – www.eczema.org\nAlthough Eczema is mainly seen on children it can of course affect anyone of any age, and those who have once out-grown it, as Emmy has, could see it return out of the blue in adulthood. With 1 in 5 children in the UK having this and 1 in 12 adults.\nSigns of Eczema\n- redness of affected areas of skin\n- generally dry skin, which is often thickened in the areas that have been scratched\n- lumps or blisters in affected areas\n- signs of superficial infection, such as weeping or crusty deposits.\nTop Tips for dealing with Eczema and dry skin\nAvoid hot baths or showers\nI’m not saying don’t bath your baby, however water can dry out their skin so daily bathing probably isn’t best. Stick with every other day or so (we all know just how messy babies get and will need it). Use warm water instead of hot. Water will help to soothe the itching although if the skin is broken through scratching it may hurt a little.\nAvoid bubble baths and shampoos which contain Parabens\nParabens are a chemical compound of para-hydroxybenzoic acid and are used in shampoos, deodarants, moisturisers, soft drinks, processed meats and many other every day items to give them a longer shelf life\nOur doctor always used to refer to it as ‘Slippery Baby’ – one of the key factors in keeping dry skin and Eczema at bay and under control is to keep the skin moisturised. When the moisturiser has been applied and then been absorbed into the skin, reapply often. With a good moisturiser you can not apply TOO MUCH.\nI have used Aveeno Baby with Harry for years, we have tried various other creams and lotions however, for us this was the one which suited us best and comes in such a wide range of creams, bath treatments and shampoos that can be used for the whole family.\nI often have a bath with the kids, it’s an easy way of them getting in fuss free and while in that bath I ensure they both wash their hair. I use the Aveeno Baby Wash and Shampoo with them as using a different product on Emmy while in the bath with Harry will irate his skin. This can also be used as a soap replacement, traditional soaps can dry the skin out too much, if not washing hair I use Aveeno Soothing Relief Creamy Wash which is very moisturising for Harry’s skin but also great for mine too. I use the Aveeno Baby Eczema Soothing Bath Treatment when Harry has a very bad flare up, it is made of oats and helps to relieve dry, itchy and irrated skin, and is good for taking on holidays to avoid taking a heavy bottles of liquid as it comes in handy one use sachets.\nAfter the bath I pat dry and try my hardest to avoid rubbing the affected areas, then I use either the Aveeno Baby Soothing Moisturizing Cream all over or their Eczema Therapy Moisturizing Cream. All Aveeno products are Paediatrician recommended. These moisturisers are fragrance free and suitable for use daily and have been clinically shown to moisturise for up to 24 hours. It is hypoallergenic and this soothing cream is non-greasy and absorbs into the skin quickly while also being gentle enough for sensitive skin.\nKeep nails short\nYoung babies and toddlers will scratch at the sore areas both in the day and at night while sleeping. Scratching can make Eczema infected and bleed, making the situation far worse.\nMany baby sleep suits come with scratch mitts, if your child is prone to scratching then make sure you put these on before bed. For older children where this isn’t an option socks work well.\nBaby your babies skin\nRemember that young skin is delicate, don’t be tempted to use products designed for adults for ease, let it breathe – include nappy free time into your day and dress in breathable fabrics.\nLight layers over heating\nCentral heating can dry out skin so try to limit the use if you can, using baby sleeping bags at night time instead of putting on the heating on.\nKeep a food diary\nIf your little one has very bad Eczema it may be worth keeping a food diary for a few weeks to see if certain foods may trigger a flare up – foods which can be links to such flare ups include: Milk, Eggs, Peanuts, Wheat, Fish, Shellfish and Soy. If you notice a connection try cutting that food type out and speaking with your doctor to see if you can get food allergy testing or advice.\nThis won’t get rid of the Eczema but may help to keep flare ups to a minimal\nBe vary of washing powders etc\nContact Eczema can get worse by changing washing powders/liquids, fabric softeners etc. It is recommended you use non-bio versions for children’s clothes however if you are cuddling a small child you’ll want to wash your clothes in that too. I have always found Harry has a rather bad flare up if I run out of our usual washing liquid and I’ve just grabbed a bottle in a local shop as a stop gap – it’s easy to forget when he’s not had a flare up for a while. I also have to re-wash clothes given to him by friends when their children have out-grown them and new clothes need a wash too.\nI was given a voucher code to purchase my recent Aveeno products from iHerb which a Google Trusted Store, there are lots of different products available from household items to baby products, pet products and supplements. They ship internationally to over 160 countries and their Customer Service Team provides support in 10 different languages. Although my purchased items were being shipped overseas to me I was pleasantly surprised to find they took less than one week to arrive safe and sound and ordering was very easy once I had created an online account.\nCurrently customers will get 10% off Aveeno Baby Products by clicking on this link – this offer ends on 30th June 2017.\n*Post contains affiliate links*\nThis is part of a Blog Series called Top Tips from a Former Nanny, please click the picture below to read my other posts in this series:", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "THE LARGEST COLLECTION OF BILINGUAL JOBS ON EARTH\nSupports PDF, DOC, DOCX, TXT, XLS, WPD, HTM, HTML files up to 5 MB\nAll Souls World Language School (www.allsoulsla.org) is the only two-track (Mandarin/English and Spanish/English) dual-language immersion Catholic school in the United States. The students spend half the day learning in English and ..\nMTX Therapy Services is looking for a Registered Nurse in the area of Cerritos, CA for a direct hire position in a healthcare setting. Minimum Requirements: Current State or Compact license ..\nOverview We are currently seeking a Bilingual (English/Spanish-speaking) Medical Nurse Case Manager (RN). Responsible for assessment, planning, coordination, implementation and evaluation of injured/disabled individuals involved in the medical case management process. ..\nLVN I - Ob/Gyn (On Call)','634042','Nov 17, 2017','!*!Under the direct supervision of a Registered Nurse or physician provides nursing care in accordance with the legal scope of practice and within established ..\nLVN I (Bilingual) - Family Medicine (Full Time)','643927','Nov 17, 2017','!*!Under the direct supervision of a Registered Nurse or physician provides nursing care in accordance with the legal scope of practice and ..\nCase Manager Specialty RN - Oncology - Bilingual Spanish','639856','Nov 17, 2017','!*!Works collaboratively with an assigned panel of physicians to manage the patient's specialized needs. The managing team does differ according to ..\n... - Computer skills required - Bilingual (English/Spanish) preferred - Capable of ... status or disability. Experience Required Bilingual (English/Spanish) preferred, LVN, Charge, Lead, ... - To $52K ' />..\nJob DescriptionLegal Assistantneeded for applicant side worker compensation firm. We are looking for someone who is a self starter, motivated, and has ambition to grow.The Primary duties include:- Process Application-Assisting and ..\nAn established legal services company is urgently looking for a career-minded Bilingual Spanish Admin Assistant to support an attorney.If you speak fluent Spanish, are proficient in MS Word and MS Excel, ..\nImmediate Hire Medical Assistant Looking to fill a Medical Assistant position located in Los Alamitos immediately. Please read the following details listed below... Required Criteria:Front Office:Referrals and authorizationsEligibility and insurance verificationExperience ..\nTemp Receptionist/Administrative Assistant job in Whitter, CA We ... for a temp skilled Receptionist/Administrative Assistant to undertake a variety of ... to established procedures. -Must be bilingual in Spanish To..\nWe’re a nonprofit, regional healthcare network with two hospitals, numerous outpatient medical offices, a multi-specialty medical (physician) group, home healthcare services and hospice care, as well as heart, cancer and emergency ..\nLvl III Staff RN - Clinic (Bilingual)','640354','Nov 20, 2017','!*!As the leader of the health care team, provides professional nursing care, utilizing the nursing process in accordance w/ established standards of care, ..\nER Registration Clerk Per Diem Varied Shifts\nPosition Name: ER\nDepartment: Emergency Room\nSchedule: Per Diem\nAdmitting Manager and PM Admitting Supervisor\nAltaMed Health Services\nWe recruit, employ, train, compensate, and promote without regard to race, religion, creed, color, national origin, age, gender, sexual orientation, marital status, disability, veteran status, or any other ..\nJob SummarynTMX Finance n nAssistant Store ManagerLos Angeles, California nAs Assistant Store Manager, you will be part of a team that is dedicated to making a difference for both their customers ..\nOverviewnBrighter futures start here. Welcome to BrightView. Weu2019re a team of talented professionals, driven by results and relationships, and committed to taking care of each other, clients, and communities. nBrightView was ..\nPharmacy Asst (MH - 10232) (Bilingual)','628014','Nov 21, 2017','!*! Under direct supervision ... duties of the Inventory Control Assistant, which include the ordering and ... duties as required.','!*! Basic Qualifications: Bilingual..\nOVERVIEW OF POSITION:\nResponsible for performing moderately complex and/or specialized patient-oriented procedures under the supervision of a clinician or Registered Nurse (RN) to ensure that patients receive appropriate care. Responsible for ..\nWork/life balance and self-care is a way of life at CFGC while serving the community. Join Our Caring Team... At Community Family Guidance Center our aim is to support the success ..\nThe position is responsible for assisting the Property Manager in managing day-to-day operations of the property, including but not limited to the following:\n• Conducting clerical duties: answering the ..", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THIS YEAR’S FLU SEASON\nCanada is in the midst of a challenging flu season: cases are spiking across the country, particularly among the elderly and in long-term care facilities, and experts predict a surge in infections in the coming weeks.\nWhy is this season shaping up to be so rough? And what should Canadians be doing to protect themselves?\n“The flu” refers to a range of influenza A and B viruses that typically circulate in North America from early November to April. People can contract the virus if they are in close proximity to an infected person or if they touch a surface contaminated with virus particles. Most cases are never confirmed in a laboratory and symptoms may be difficult to distinguish from a nasty cold. But the Public Health Agency of Canada says there are a few telltale signs you may be suffering from the flu rather than a cold, such as a fever, headache, severe aches and pains and extreme fatigue. People who are young, old, suffer chronic health conditions, are pregnant, live in nursing homes or are aboriginal are among those at highest risk of developing complications from the flu. During the week of Dec. 11 to 17 (the most recent data available), there were 692 lab-confirmed flu cases in Canada and 18 reported outbreaks, mainly in long-term care homes.\nEach year, the dominant viruses in circulation change – and so must the influenza vaccine.\nThe flu shot\nAround February each year, the World Health Organization issues recommendations on which flu viruses are most likely to be in circulation and should therefore be protected against in that year’s vaccine. In the current flu season, the vaccine protects against two influenza A strains, H1N1 and H3N2 and a B strain (Brisbane/60/2008-like virus). The vaccine contains inactivated versions of the circulating viruses, which help the body create antibodies that will be ready in the event the body has to fight off the real thing. Infectious disease experts report that H3N2 is causing the lion’s share of flu infections across the country. It’s known to be a nasty virus linked to an increase in hospitalizations and deaths. To make matters worse, it’s also notoriously difficult for vaccine makers to produce a shot that offers a high level of protection against H3N2.\nWhy isn’t the flu shot 100-per-cent effective?\nFlu viruses are constantly mutating and changing, meaning that it’s virtually impossible to make a vaccine that is a perfect match for the circulating strain, said Danuta Skowronski, epidemiology lead for influenza and emerging respiratory pathogens at the B.C. Centre for Disease Control. Dr. Skowronski used colours as an analogy to explain the challenge public health officials face: Imagine the H3N2 virus is the colour orange. A vaccine containing an inactivated version of the virus might be a lighter shade of the same colour. Perfectly matching the two is extraordinarily challenging.\nThat helps explain why the flu shot isn’t 100-per-cent effective. In the case of H3N2, Dr. Skowronski said she’d be happy if the vaccine turns out to be 40- to 50-per-cent effective. Compare that with two years ago, when the H3N2 vaccine offered less than 10-per-cent protection from the virus. During years when H1N1 is the dominant virus in circulation, effectiveness rates tend to be higher because officials are better able to match the vaccine to the virus. Data on effectiveness rates for this year are currently being collected and should be available in the coming weeks.\nGiven the flaws and the fact I’m a healthy adult, why should I get a flu shot?\nThe flu vaccine is by far the best means available to protect against the flu. As more people get vaccinated, the chances of them contracting the virus and passing it onto others, particularly those who might be vulnerable to the flu, decreases. This is a particularly important message for anyone who will be in contact with higher-risk individuals.\nThe flu shot gave me the flu, so I don’t want to get it again.\nNo, it didn’t. It’s not possible for the flu shot to cause the flu because it uses an inactive form of the virus. It is still possible to get sick with a cold or flu after getting a shot. The flu shot isn’t always effective and there are a number of respiratory viruses circulating this time of year.\nMy sister-in-law wrote on Facebook that the flu shot causes pretty serious childhood illnesses\nConspiracy theories and scare-mongering messages linked to the flu and other routine vaccinations continue to be commonplace, despite the fact they have all been debunked by leading scientists and infectious-disease experts. But for the record, vaccines, including those that protect against the flu, have been studied intensely and safety is continuously monitored. The vast majority of vaccine side effects are mild, such as soreness at the injection site or a mild fever. According to the Public Health Agency of Canada, it received 639 reports of adverse events after immunization in the first quarter of 2016. Of those, 52 were classified as serious.\nAbout 43 per cent of reports were linked to reactions at or near the injection site; 14 per cent were linked to allergic reactions; another 14 per cent of reports were linked to rashes; 5 per cent were linked to neurological events, which may include seizures and Guillain-Barré syndrome.\nThere is no credible evidence linking vaccines to autism or other chronic illnesses.\nP.S. Don’t forget the flu can often mask dental symptoms, call us with any questions at 519-305-9100!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Caring for our community\nLocated on the campus of Prisma Health North Greenville Hospital, we offer same-day care for patients of all ages in the Travelers Rest community.\nOur team is here to provide care for adults experiencing minor illnesses and injuries such as: allergy symptoms, colds, flu, fever, sore throats, rashes, ear pain, simple infections, minor burns, minor cuts, scrapes, bruises, bug bites/stings, and minor sprains and strains. No appointment is needed for our walk-in care services.\nProviders at this office\nFind a provider who’s right for you by viewing their online profiles, star ratings and reviews.\nAbout Walk-in Care North Greenville\nForms for patients\nAbout Prisma Health\nPrisma Health is a not-for-profit health company and the largest healthcare system in South Carolina. Our goal is to improve the health of all South Carolinians by enhancing clinical quality, the patient experience and access to affordable care, as well as conducting clinical research and training the next generation of medical professionals.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Pimple On Roof Of Mouth Dizziness Mayo Clinic\nVertigo, also called lightheadedness, is a family member term to the extra familiar vertigo, also known as nausea. A sensation that your whole body is dizzy and also relocating a strange way. The lightheadedness comes on unexpectedly, without warning and also is generally for short amount of times. Vertigo, like dizziness, is really frightening and also is the primary symptom of many different problems that affect the brain, from high blood pressure to fainting. Pimple On Roof Of Mouth Dizziness Mayo Clinic\nBenign positional vertigo (BPV) is most likely the most typical root cause of vertigo, the sensation that the interior of your head or that your whole body is turning strangely. Normally this is accompanied by light-headedness, queasiness, throwing up, collapsing, as well as a sensation of detachment from your surroundings. BPV typically triggers only brief episodes of lightheadedness, generally no more than 10 mins. It is usually caused by muscle spasms or by an absence of blood flow to the nerves in the internal ear. Some people have no signs at all. Pimple On Roof Of Mouth Dizziness Mayo Clinic\nPimple On Roof Of Mouth Dizziness Mayo Clinic\nMost instances of lightheadedness are brought on by several of the problems that affect the mind as well as interfere with its ability to function properly. If you are experiencing symptoms that you believe are vertigo, your medical professional will certainly most likely recommend antihistamines or tricyclic antidepressants as therapies for these problems. Antihistamines reduce the task of the chemicals in the body that create the reaction that creates vertigo. Tricyclic antidepressants are used to deal with allergic reactions, anxiousness, and other comparable conditions. Pimple On Roof Of Mouth Dizziness Mayo Clinic\nCertain medicines may additionally create vertigo. For example, doxycycline can decrease the toughness of your muscle mass that support your balance. This decreases the quantity of liquid in your mind that creates your wooziness. Various other drugs that may consist of doxycycline are Prednisone, Acetylcholine, Phenytoin, and also NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications).\nVertigo that does not enhance with non-prescription therapy can be treated by your doctor. These therapies include prescription medicines, surgery, as well as antihistamines. If your wooziness is serious, your physician might suggest you to have a dedicated echocardiography system or VASER (vesicular stentibular shutoff excitement) treatment. This procedure makes use of a laser to open the narrowed capillary that trigger the dizziness. The laser may additionally reduce the quantity of liquid accumulation in your brain that triggers wooziness.\nSome individuals have problems with dizziness without treatment. In these situations, it is very important to determine why you experience the symptoms. Your medical professional may require to carry out examinations such as an MRI or CT scan to identify the underlying trouble. He might also perform some simple laboratory tests in order to eliminate or confirm the medical diagnosis.\nSome of the causes that may result in wooziness include a condition called sensorineural hearing loss. This problem occurs when there is damage to the inner ear. This can be caused by an ear infection, an injury, or an adverse effects of certain medicines. Other reasons can be high fevers, ear infection, meniere’s illness, Meniere’s disorder, or vestibular neurons.\nIf you are experiencing dizziness, you need to make note of where your lightheadedness is influencing your equilibrium. You need to additionally recognize if the adjustments in balance are occurring for a long period of time or if they are just taking place in a brief period of time. This will aid your doctor to establish the cause of vertigo as well as likewise the correct therapy. If you assume that your dizziness is due to a lack of balance, you should consult your medical professional. Your health care specialist will have the ability to provide you with important info regarding vertigo and how you can manage the symptoms.\nIn order to establish the precise cause of vertigo, your healthcare expert will certainly probably have you go through a thorough exam to eliminate any underlying physical causes. Among the most typical causes of wooziness is low blood pressure or hypertension. If you have actually been identified with either of these conditions, you ought to follow your medical professional’s orders and also stick to your routine medicine. By reducing your blood pressure, your lightheadedness could be eliminated. Your problem may require treatment to reduce your blood pressure naturally.\nOne more common reason for vertigo is experiencing hearing loss. As we age, our hearing ends up being much less reliable, which might result to vertigo. If you have been experiencing dizziness with no other signs and symptoms, it might be tough to identify the issue. As soon as you start experiencing any type of kind of audio or noise in your ear, you should immediately call your medical professional.\nSome symptoms that could suggest the presence of a vestibular migraine include: queasiness, throwing up, faintness, and also fainting. Because these signs and symptoms can be incorporated, your doctor might do examinations to confirm the presence of vertigo. If your signs are consistent, your physician may execute extra examinations such as catheterizations, magnetic vibration imaging (MRI), as well as computerized tomography (CT) check.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "XF-73 in being developed as a new treatment for diabetic foot ulcer infections (DFUs) to target a market which is estimated to be a $0.5 billion global sales opportunity based on the incidence of such infections, the costs of the associated medical care and a realistic product pricing of XF-73 in this new market. Driven by the growing number of diabetics and associated complications such as infected DFUs, this represents a significant market opportunity for XF-73. As with all anti-infectives, AMR is also a concern within this market. There is no dominant treatment for DFUs and specialist physicians are therefore working to find better treatment options, including topical formulations. In addition, the target product profile of XF-73 tested favourably with dermal clinicians looking for better treatments for the smaller market for burns/wound infections and venous leg ulcers.\nOur China partner CMS are also running a programme for XF-73 in superficial skin infections.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Getting Rid of the Fat that Exercise and Diet Just Won’t Touch\nEven if you eat healthy and exercise, over time your body will likely develop stubborn fat that just doesn’t want to go away, regardless of the fat-burning method you use. What’s worse, as our metabolism slows, these fat deposits accumulate, creating everything from double chins to love handles. Because this type of fat can be very difficult to get rid of – regardless of your diet or your number of daily crunches – more and more people in the Greater Atlanta area are turning to liposuction as a popular body contouring surgery.\nIs Liposuction Right for Me?\nLiposuction surgery is not an alternative to diet and exercise, or to be used as an answer for obesity. Liposuction provides the best, long-lasting results for those who are healthy, but struggling to lose areas of unwanted fat despite exercise and eating healthy. Liposuction can be used to treat a variety of problem areas including:\n- Love handles and hips\n- Upper arms\n- Buttocks and back\n- Thighs and knees\n- Bra rolls\n- Male chest (gynecomastia)\nIf you are relatively healthy and traditional fat-burning methods haven’t worked, then liposuction is a safe and effective method that can reshape your body and restore a healthier appearance that matches your inner health.\nWhat to Expect with Your Liposuction\nOur liposuction procedures are performed on an outpatient basis using general or local anesthesia. You might also be given a sedative, typically through an IV injection, to help you relax. Most surgeries are completed in less than two hours, depending on the extent of fat removal.\nAfter the procedure, most patients experience swelling and mild bruising and discomfort. Downtime varies, but most patients return to work in two days.\nYou will be given medication for pain and antibiotics for a few days. You will likely be required to wear a compression garment for a few weeks following surgery. This garment helps reduce swelling.\nDr. Marc Klein has performed thousands of liposuctions with a variety of techniques, ranging from the standard tumescent liposuction, ultrasound-assisted liposuction (VASER and Lysonix), Smartlipo, laser-assisted liposuction, power-assisted liposuction, and others. Dr. Klein has a large experience with liposuction using local anesthesia.\nScheduling a Liposuction Consultation in Atlanta or Alpharetta\nTo schedule a complimentary and confidential liposuction consultation with one of our board-certified plastic surgeons in our Atlanta or Alpharetta office, call 770.475.3146 or complete and submit the consultation request form.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Indexed on: 07 Nov '13Published on: 07 Nov '13Published in: European Journal of Human Genetics\nMyosin myopathies comprise a group of inherited diseases caused by mutations in myosin heavy chain (MyHC) genes. Homozygous or compound heterozygous truncating MYH2 mutations have been demonstrated to cause recessive myopathy with ophthalmoplegia, mild-to-moderate muscle weakness and complete lack of type 2A muscle fibers. In this study, we describe for the first time the clinical and morphological characteristics of recessive myosin IIa myopathy associated with MYH2 missense mutations. Seven patients of five different families with a myopathy characterized by ophthalmoplegia and mild-to-moderate muscle weakness were investigated. Muscle biopsy was performed to study morphological changes and MyHC isoform expression. Five of the patients were homozygous for MYH2 missense mutations, one patient was compound heterozygous for a missense and a nonsense mutation and one patient was homozygous for a frame-shift MYH2 mutation. Muscle biopsy demonstrated small or absent type 2A muscle fibers and reduced or absent expression of the corresponding MyHC IIa transcript and protein. We conclude that mild muscle weakness and ophthalmoplegia in combination with muscle biopsy demonstrating small or absent type 2A muscle fibers are the hallmark of recessive myopathy associated with MYH2 mutations.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Pediatric pulmonary hypertension in the Netherlands: epidemiology and characterization during the period 1991 to 2005\nSourceCirculation, 124, 16, (2011), pp. 1755-64\nArticle / Letter to editor\nDisplay more detailsDisplay less details\nPaediatrics - OUD tm 2017\nSubjectIGMD 1: Functional imaging\nBackground- Incidence and prevalence rates for pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are unknown. This study describes the nationwide epidemiological features of pediatric PH in the Netherlands during a 15-year period and the clinical course of pediatric PAH. Methods and Results- Two registries were used to retrospectively identify children (0-17 years) with PH. Overall, 3263 pediatric patients were identified with PH due to left heart disease (n=160; 5%), lung disease/hypoxemia (n=253; 8%), thromboembolic disease (n=5; <1%), and transient (n=2691; 82%) and progressive (n=154; 5%) PAH. Transient PAH included persistent PH of the newborn and children with congenital heart defects (CHD) and systemic-to-pulmonary shunt, in whom PAH resolved after successful shunt correction. Progressive PAH mainly included idiopathic PAH (n=36; iPAH) and PAH associated with CHD (n=111; PAH-CHD). Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with CHD represented highly heterogeneous subgroups. Syndromes were frequently present, especially in progressive PAH (n=60; 39%). Survival for PAH-CHD varied depending on the subgroups, some showing better and others showing worse survival than for iPAH. Survival of children with Eisenmenger syndrome appeared worse than reported in adults. For iPAH and PAH-CHD, annual incidence and point prevalence averaged, respectively, 0.7 and 4.4 (iPAH) and 2.2 and 15.6 (PAH-CHD) cases per million children. Compared to studies in adults, iPAH occurred less whereas PAH-CHD occurred more frequently. Conclusions- Pediatric PH is characterized by various age-specific diagnoses, the majority of which comprise transient forms of PAH. Incidence of pediatric iPAH is lower whereas incidence of pediatric PAH-CHD is higher than reported in adults. Pediatric PAH-CHD represents a heterogeneous group with highly variable clinical courses.\nUpload full text\nUse your RU credentials (u/z-number and password) to log in with SURFconext to upload a file for processing by the repository team.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- Subscribe NowLimited Time Offer\nTime: 11:00 am - 1:30 pm\nPlace: Raleigh Marriott Crabtree Valley\nSend this story to a friend\nMedical staffing expert calls nurse shortage 'perfect storm'\nAn aging nurse workforce, a graying baby boomer population and millions more insured patients entering America's health care system as Obamacare is phased in means the already high need for nurses is going to skyrocket in the next few years, says Janet Elkin, president and CEO of Chicago-based Supplemental Health Care.\n\"We're entering what I call the perfect storm,\" Elkin told me in an interview.\nSupplemental Health Care helped Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas, Texas, add nurse staff fast after state and federal inspections determined a severe nursing shortage was contributing to inferior patient care. The firm interviewed more than 1,700 candidates and hired more than 600 full-time health care professionals — mostly registered nurses, but also patient care assistants, medical coders, physical therapists, occupational therapists, social workers, administrators and others.\nThe shortage isn't isolated to Parkland, Elkin said. Far from it.\n\"Given that you'll have more patients and you don't want to increase (nursing) ratios, the only way you're going to do that is with more personnel,\" Elkin said. \"But finding them is not easy. With an average age of a nurse being 48 years old, it's going to be much more difficult.\"\nThe Affordable Care Act could inject as many as 30 million new patients into the system at the same time many nurses hit retirement.\n\"Outsourcing the recruitment process has been used in many industries for a long time, but is relatively new to the health care industry,” Elkin said.\nSupplemental Health Care partners with clients’ human resources departments. The firm's approach seeks to cut costs by reducing the time to fill positions, decreasing cost-per-hire, reducing staff overtime and contingent labor and increasing revenue by focusing on priority positions that have direct impact on hospital performance, Elkin said.\nBill covers health care, law and education.\n- Inside Sales Leader Best Practices, LLC | Chapel Hill, NC\n- Careers at Verizon Wireless Verizon Wireless | Local Opportunities\n- Accounting Manager/Payroll Manager University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | Chapel Hill, NC\n- PC Technician Robert Half Technology | Raleigh, NC\n- Product Manager Teleflex | Durham, NC\n- Most popular\n- Twitter awash with speculation on PNC Arena's mystery announcement\n- 12-month timer starts for 23-story SkyHouse tower in downtown Raleigh\n- Raleigh startup follows the money to Atlanta\n- N.C. buildings take prizes in ‘Best Projects’ competition (PHOTOS)\n- New ‘Bier Garten’ planned for Glenwood South\n- Are tolls coming to I-540 in north Raleigh?\n- Cary retail project gets $87M construction loan\n- Crabtree Valley Mall finds a way to save $30K a month in electricity bills\n- What you can learn from the #PNCRumors madness\n- The 4 most-Googled questions about North Carolina\nEmail Newsletter Signup\nA look at the day's business stories from media outlets around Raleigh/Durham", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor’s specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).\nLearn more about Dr. Parul Patel:\nView the full profile to get information on:\n- What's important to you\nView full profile\nbe the first!\nSpecialties & Research\nDr. Parul Patel, MD, MPH is board certified in Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency Medicine.\n- She has special expertise in 5 areas:\n- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)\n- Heart Block\n- High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)\n- High Cholesterol (Hypercholesterolemia)\n- Unstable Angina\nEducation & Awards\nDr. Patel graduated from St. George's University, Bay Shore.\nDr. Patel has 9 hospital affiliations:\n- Temple University Hospital\n- Frankford Hospital\nAccepted Insurance Plans\nDr. Patel accepts these health insurances in at least one office:\n- Unicare - 12 plans\n- Cigna - 9 plans\n- United Healthcare - 14 plans\nSimilar doctors nearby\n- Additional Information\n- Where does Dr. Parul B. Patel practice?\nDr. Parul Patel practices Pediatrics, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Anesthesiology, Emergency Medicine, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, and Cardiology near Chicago, IL.\nAdditional practice locations include: Philadelphia, PA.\nSee Chicago Pediatricians, Chicago Anesthesiologists, Chicago Emergency Physicians, and Chicago Cardiologists.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The New England Journal of Medicine is hardly a tool of the plaintiffs’ bar. So when the Journal criticizes the lack of complete disclosures in reports concerning clinical trials people should stand up and take notice.\nThe editor of the Journal says that some companies “are meeting the letter but not the spirit of the law.” Read the study of the compliance rate of drug manufacturers with the federal law that governs clinical trials here.\nHere is an editorial written by the Journal staff on the subject. An excerpt: “In our opinion, it is unacceptable for a trial sponsor not to register its trial in a complete, meaningful, and timely fashion. We call for all clinical investigators and patients to participate only in fully registered trials.”\nThere is another editorial on the subject as well; read it here. Here is a sample of it: “The ultimate goal should be to make trial protocols publicly available in their entirety, including any financial arrangements and agreements with regard to publication, so that patients can be sure that the results will become available. At the same time, it is the responsibility of those who set the rules and establish the registries to make them practical to use and understandable for all kinds of research groups, both small and large.”", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "For an easier pregnancy & birth\nIs this for me?\nIf you want to maximize your chances of…\nIf you have...\nHow do we help you?\nHolistic chiropractic rebalancing\nDuring your treatment, Dr Tako looks for and corrects potential imbalances of the nerve receptors and nerve routes that affect muscles, ligaments, and soft tissues in the pelvic and abdominal area. This is accomplished through a series of muscular resistance tests and stimulations to the body (using neuro-receptor modulation or P-DTR®). This allows the nerves to function normally again, restores balance in muscles and ligaments and help pain decrease and stop. It is completely non-invasive and painless. If need be, some gentle traditional chiropractic adjustments are made.\nRestoring balance in the body also allows for the thirty-six muscles and ligaments that surround the uterus to be relaxed and for the uterus to be in an optimal shape which can facilitate the baby’s engagement in the pelvis, along with a more spontaneous start and progression of labor.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Rheumatologists want to be the best clinicians possible, provide consistently exceptional care to patients and serve as role models for colleagues and trainees. In the Lessons from a Master Clinician series, we offer insights from clinicians who have achieved a level of distinction in the field of rheumatology.\nMichael H. Weisman, MD, is a professor of medicine in the Division of Rheumatology at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles. Dr. Weisman’s academic and research interests involve the genetic risk, epidemiology, treatment and outcome of rheumatic diseases, including clinical trials, outcomes research, and health services research and genetic\nsusceptibility/severity studies of patients with chronic rheumatic disease.\nDr. Weisman has published more than 400 peer-reviewed papers and six books, and he serves as a reviewer and editor for many journals in the field of rheumatology, including the New England Journal of Medicine, Arthritis & Rheumatology, the Journal of Rheumatology, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases and Osteoarthritis and Cartilage.\nIn 2005, he served as president of the ACR’s Rheumatology Research Foundation and was named a Master of the ACR that year.\nTR: In your opinion, what makes for a master clinician?\nDr. Weisman: It is easiest to answer this question by defining the role of the master clinician as a consultant.\nAs a consultant, [you must] always [consider] two needs—that of the patient and that of the consulting doctor who sent the patient to you, usually a primary care physician or another rheumatologist, who wants your opinion. The patient need is usually straightforward: What is the problem (wrong diagnosis, wrong treatment, etc.)? But the doctor issue takes experience and learned skills. You have to figure out exactly why that patient was sent to you. What were the barriers that prevented the referring physician from figuring out what’s going on: Was it his/her attitude on a personal level, was he/she too busy, were the patient’s real concerns not being addressed in spite of adequate disease control, etc.?\nYou cannot always take over the patient’s care in every one of these situations, so you have to figure out what is in the best interests of the patient and communicate it in a meaningful way to the referring doctor.\nIt is like every collaboration you do, even in research—the ultimate success is figuring out other peoples’ needs and not your own.\nIndeed, treating the disease and managing the patient are two separate issues, and understanding this concept is important in working well with colleagues.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Managing diabetes requires careful monitoring of blood sugar levels, and one essential tool for assessing long-term glucose control is the A1c test. By understanding your A1c levels, you can make informed decisions about your diabetes management plan. In this article, we’ll explore the significance of A1c levels, how to use an A1c calculator, and why it’s crucial for diabetes management. Additionally, we’ll ensure the content is SEO-friendly to help individuals easily find information about A1c online.\n1. What is A1c? A1c, or hemoglobin A1c, is a blood test that measures the average blood sugar level over the past 2-3 months. It provides valuable insight into long-term glucose control, offering a snapshot of how well diabetes is being managed. A1c levels are expressed as a percentage, with higher percentages indicating poorer glucose control.\n2. Importance of A1c Levels: Monitoring A1c levels is essential for individuals with diabetes to assess their overall health and adjust their management plan accordingly. Maintaining A1c levels within target ranges can reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications, such as heart disease, kidney disease, nerve damage, and vision problems.\n3. Using an A1c Calculator: An A1c calculator is a useful tool for estimating average blood sugar levels based on A1c values. It allows individuals to input their A1c percentage and receive an estimated average glucose (eAG) level in either mg/dL or mmol/L. This information provides additional insight into daily blood sugar trends and helps individuals gauge their diabetes management progress.\n4. How to Use an A1c Calculator: Using an A1c calculator is straightforward. Start by entering your A1c percentage into the designated field. Then, select the appropriate unit of measurement (mg/dL or mmol/L) for the estimated average glucose level. Once the information is entered, the calculator will generate the corresponding eAG value, providing insight into your average blood sugar levels.\n5. Benefits of Using an A1c Calculator: A1c calculators offer several benefits for individuals with diabetes. They provide a convenient way to estimate average blood sugar levels between doctor visits, allowing for more proactive management. Additionally, A1c calculators can help individuals set realistic goals for improving glucose control and track their progress over time.\n6. Incorporating A1c Results into Diabetes Management: A1c results should be discussed with a healthcare professional to develop an individualized diabetes management plan. Based on A1c levels, adjustments may be made to medication, diet, exercise, and lifestyle factors to achieve optimal glucose control. Regular monitoring of A1c levels helps track progress and identify areas for improvement.\n7. Conclusion: A1c levels are a valuable tool for assessing long-term glucose control in individuals with diabetes. Using an A1c calculator can provide additional insight into average blood sugar levels, empowering individuals to take proactive steps towards better management. By incorporating A1c results into diabetes management plans, individuals can reduce the risk of complications and improve overall health.\nIn summary, understanding A1c levels and using an A1c calculator are essential components of diabetes management. By optimizing content for search engines, individuals seeking information about A1c can easily find reliable resources to empower themselves in managing their diabetes effectively.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Novita Regional Services\nDisability services in Murray Bridge\nOur facilities in Murray Bridge offer a one-stop-shop for therapy, family support, and the latest in Assistive Technology and equipment. And depending on the services you need, our Murray Bridge team can also come to you for therapy services at school and kindy, in your home, and in the community.Call now Enquire now\nNovita’s professional and dedicated Murray Bridge staff offer a range of tailored therapy services to support kids, young people and adults living with disability to achieve their goals.\nOccupational Therapy supports people living with disability with physical and life skills such as movement, vision, sensory processing, sleep and personal care, as well as the skills needed for school and work. Novita’s Occupational Therapists can also provide advice, prescription and training for the assistive technology and equipment that can support people living with disability to lead a fulfilling life. Our Occupational Therapists also offer aquatic and hydrotherapy services.About Occupational Therapy\nOrthotics support people living with physical disability with everyday skills such as walking, running, jumping, and climbing stairs. They can also assist with support for positioning and comfort. Novita’s specialist Orthotics Van will be visiting Murray Bridge regularly throughout the year to provide orthotics services using the latest technology and techniques.About Orthotics\nPhysiotherapy supports people who have difficulty with their movement skills due to living with physical disability such as cerebral palsy or brain injury, intellectual disability, or developmental disability. Our Physiotherapists can tailor a range of therapies to support movement and pain management, as well as providing advice, prescription and training for mobility equipment such as wheelchairs and walking aids. Our Physiotherapist can also provide aquatic and hydrotherapy services.About Physiotherapy\nAssistive Technology and equipment can support people living with disability to achieve their goals at home, at school, in the workplace and in the community. Novita’s Murray Bridge office has access to a full range of Assistive Technology through Novitatech in Adelaide. Appointments can be made with the team in Adelaide, or via Novita’s telehealth communication system. Novita can provide assessment and prescription for Assistive Technology, as well as helping with funding applications.About Assistive Technology\nSpeech Pathology supports people who have difficulty communicating as a result of living with developmental delay, brain injury, stroke, learning and intellectual disability, cerebral palsy and hearing loss. Our Speech Pathologists can support kids, young people and adults with a range of communication skills including speaking, listening, using the voice, reading, writing, stuttering, and understanding language. They can also support people who have difficulty swallowing and eating safely.About Speech Pathology\nNovita’s suites on Sturt Reserve Road offer great facilities for kids, adults and families. Our Murray Bridge therapy hub enables us to provide high-quality services to the Murray Bridge region, with industry-standard equipment and facilities to support local people living with disability.\nNovita’s Murray Bridge team provides services and support to Murray Bridge and surrounding areas. The team can also come to you. Depending on the service and support required, we can offer therapy in the family home, at school, at work, and at other appropriate locations through our mobile services. We also offer telehealth facilities to connect you with our Adelaide and SA clinical, equipment and Assistive Technology experts.\nHow we work\nNovita works using the Life Needs Model of service delivery. This is a flexible approach that focuses on community-based and specialised services that match your goals, whatever your stage of life. With you and your family at the centre of our thinking, we provide services across all areas of life, including:\n- Your home – we work in partnership with families and significant others to support skill development, as well as home modifications, technology and equipment.\n- Education – working in partnership with school staff and providing access to technology and equipment as well as training and support.\n- Community – liaising with health professionals and partnering with community groups to provide linked up services, education and training.\nWorking for Novita in Murray Bridge\nOur Novita therapists work alongside a supportive and collaborative team in a multi-disciplinary service and primarily support kids, teens and young adults living with physical disability, autism, acquired brain injuries and other conditions.\nThrough our broader work with families and communities, Novita’s life-changing services have a direct impact on thousands of South Australians. Working with Novita is not only rewarding, you will also benefit from unparalleled PD opportunities and professional support. Novita offers generous regional incentives and is always looking for locally-based therapists to work in Murray Bridge.\nTo find out more about working for Novita and our current vacancies visit our Careers page.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Dr. Tonya W. Robinson graduated from the Indiana University School of Medicine in 1985. She works in Louisville, KY and specializes in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynecology. Dr. Robinson is affiliated with Baptist Health Louisville, Norton Hospital and University Of Louisville Hospital.\nNeonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology\nMedical School: Indiana University School of Medicine; Graduated 1985\n503 S Jackson St\nLouisville, KY 40202", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Selecting the good weight loss supplement to meet your needs will be a daunting task.It is very true and natural if you don’t have any experience in selecting a diet supplement, you may get into trouble. The happy news is that there are number of excellent supplements available in the market. First of all, you need to know the weight loss reasons. Only then you will be able to choose the right weight loss supplement. Some people may not consume more food, even then they gain more fat. This is due to the increase in calories. When you are starving or craving for food, your stomach secretes some acid fluid. This acid fluid builds ulcer, gastric problems and calories in the body. You need to select the right fat burner like lipo 6. This weight loss supplement helps in burning the fat in the body as well as it will improve your physical performance.\nThere are millions of ways available to lose weight. Either it may be traditional or manual, you will have to put lots of effort in it. Slimming is not very easy by following such traditional methods. It will take more time, as well as it will make you physically tired. Excessive physical exercise or workouts may lead you into aches or pains. By using the energy plus weight loss supplements can give you good feel and results. You will feel active and lovely. Once your excess fat is burnt or reduced, you will be able to feel energetic. Also you can do a little muscle work every day along with your lipo 6 supplements. This will help you to enjoy quick and visible results in weight loss.\nHow lipo 6 works?\nYou might wonder, how it can help you in weight loss. Also you may have disbelief in using it if you have tried other failure supplements. First, it is a reputed and proven supplement. This will have no side effects in your body. It burns our excess adipose tissue or it reduces the excessive adipose tissue. This tissue is a cause for laziness and dizziness. When this tissue is reduced your body will become active and activeness can naturally help you in reducing weight. In addition, this lipo 6 supplement consists of components like caffeine, synephrine, theobromineanhydruous, rauwolscine and yohimbine. Each component has its properties of making your body healthily active.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Participants must complete and submit the evaluation for the activity in order to receive a continuing education certificate or a certificate of completion. Physicians must also pass a post-test QUIZ with 80% or higher score to receive a continuing education certificate. Certificates can be printed or downloaded from this site and upon request can be issued via email. Who is the Accrediting Organization? The Medical College of Wisconsin.\nThis activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the accreditation requirements and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education through the joint providership of The Medical College of Wisconsin and Chronic Pain Partner. The Medical College of Wisconsin is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.\nThe Medical College of Wisconsin designates this Enduring Material for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.\nThe Medical College of Wisconsin designates this activity for up to 1 hours of participation for continuing education for allied health professionals.", "label": "Yes"}
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{"text": "- Research article\n- Open Access\nAntibacterial and cytotoxic cytochalasins from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. harbored in Garcinia kola (Heckel) nut\nBMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine volume 16, Article number: 462 (2016)\nThe continuous emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria drastically reduced the efficacy of our antibiotic armory and consequently, increased the frequency of therapeutic failure. The search for bioactive constituents from endophytic fungi against MDR bacteria became a necessity for alternative and promising strategies, and for the development of novel therapeutic solutions. We report here the isolation and structure elucidation of antibacterial and cytotoxic compounds from Phomopsis sp., an endophytic fungus associated with Garcinia kola nuts.\nThe fungus Phomopsis sp. was isolated from the nut of Garcinia kola. The crude extract was prepared from mycelium of Phomopsis sp. by maceration in ethyl acetate and sequentially fractionated by column chromatography. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral studies and comparison with published data. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and anticancer properties by broth microdilution and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide methods respectively. The samples were also tested spectrophotometrically for their hemolytic properties against human red blood cells.\nThe fractionation of the crude extract afforded three known cytochalasins including 18-metoxycytochalasin J (1), cytochalasins H (2) and J (3) together with alternariol (4). The cytochalasin compounds showed different degrees of antibacterial activities against the tested bacterial pathogens. Shigella flexneri was the most sensitive microorganism while Vibrio cholerae SG24 and Vibrio cholerae PC2 were the most resistant. Ampicillin did not show any antibacterial activity against Vibrio cholerae NB2, Vibrio cholerae PC2 and Shigella flexneri at concentrations up to 512 μg/mL, but interestingly, these multi-drug resistant bacterial strains were sensitive to the cytochalasin metabolites. These compounds also showed significant cytotoxic properties against human cancer cells (LC50 = 3.66–35.69 μg/mL) with low toxicity to normal non-cancer cells.\nThe three cytochalasin compounds isolated from the Phomopsis sp. crude extract could be a clinically useful alternative for the treatment of cervical cancer and severe infections caused by MDR Shigella and Vibrio cholerae.\nEndophytic fungi are organisms that live inside the plant tissues and behave as plant hosts . They have proven to be a rich source of novel organic compounds with interesting biological activities and a high level of biodiversity [2, 3]. Natural products from endophytic fungi have been observed to inhibit or kill a wide variety of harmful microorganisms including phytopathogens, as well as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoans that affect humans and animals . As one of the most frequently isolated secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi cultures, cytochalasins are produced by Phoma , Hormiscium , Helminthosporium , Phomopsis  and Curualuriu  genera. They have been identified as contaminants of potato , tomato , pecan , rice , millet  and litchi fruit . The cytochalasins A, B, C, D, and E are highly toxic to the chick, rat, mouse, and guinea pig [11–14] and are teratogenic to both chick and mouse [13, 15–17]. In recent years, most works on endophytic fungi have been centered on plants in the temperate and tropical regions of the world .\nPlants of the genus Garcinia (family Clusiaceae), widely distributed in tropical Africa, Asia, New Caledonia and Polynesia, have yielded an abundance of biologically active and structurally intriguing natural products . Garcinia species are known to contain a wide variety of oxygenated and prenylated xanthones, as well as polyisoprenylated benzophenones such as the guttiferones .\nGarcinia kola (Clusiaceae) is a plant of West and Central African origin . In Nigeria, the seed (Bitter kola) is chewed for the relief of cough, colds, colic, hoarseness of voice, and throat infections. The plant is also used for the treatment of liver disorders, jaundice, fever, and as a purgative and chewing sticks . We focused on Garcinia kola nut because it is one of the most commercialized fruits in West and Central Africa, its highly valued perceived medicinal attributes, and the consumption of large quantities does not cause indigestion. However, several management strategies have been employed for their conservation, but the growth of the molds due to their moisture during that conservation remains a serious problem . Moreover, further studies by Austin  attributed the loss of viability of kola nut seeds to reduction in moisture content.\nDuring our investigation, the fungus Phomopsis sp. associated with that nut was found to be a producer of diverse secondary metabolites, including cytochalasins from its mycelium in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Attracted by the potential production of this class of compounds, a so-called OSMAC (one strain-many compounds)  approach was carried out to find compounds. Following the application of the OSMAC principle, we found out that when the culture conditions were changed from PDA medium to solid state medium (rice), fermentation significantly changed and based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) monitoring, 18-metoxycytochalasin J (1), cytochalasins H (2) and J (3) and alternariol (4) were isolated. In this report, we evaluate the cytotoxic activities of cytochalasins against bacterial species and human cervical cancer cell lines, with emphasis on MDR Shigella flexneri and Vibrio cholerae.\nGeneral experimental procedures\nHigh resolution mass spectra were obtained with an LTQ-Orbitrap Spectrometer (Thermo Fisher, USA) equipped with a HESI-II source. The spectrometer was operated in positive mode (1 spectrum/s; mass range: 100–1000) with nominal mass resolving power of 60 000 at m/z 400 with a scan rate of 1 Hz). It was equipped with automatic gain control to provide high-accuracy mass measurements within 2 ppm deviation using an internal standard; Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: m/z = 391.28428. The spectrometer was attached with an Agilent (Santa Clara, USA) 1200 HPLC system consisting of LC-pump, PDA detector (λ = 260 nm), auto sampler (injection volume 5 μL) and column oven (30 °C). Following parameters were used for experiments: spray voltage 5 kV, capillary temperature 260 °C, tube lens 70 V. Nitrogen was used as a sheath gas (50 arbitrary units) and auxiliary gas (5 arbitrary units). Helium served as the collision gas. The separations were performed by using a Nucleodur C18 Gravity column (50 × 2 mm, 1.8 μm particle size) with a H2O (+0.1% HCOOH) (A) / acetonitrile (+0.1% HCOOH) (B) gradient (flow rate 300 μL/min). Samples were analyzed using a gradient program as follows: 80% A isocratic for 1 min, linear gradient to 100% B over 18 min, after 100% B isocratic for 5 min, the system returned to its initial condition (80% A) within 0.5 min, and was equilibrated for 4.5 min. The separation was carried out by preparative HPLC run for 20 min on a Gilson apparatus with UV detection at 220 nm using a Nucleodur C18 Isis column (Macherey-Nagel, Düren, Germany), 5 μm (250 × 16 mm) with a H2O (A) / CH3OH (B) gradient (flow rate 4 mL/min). Samples were separated by using a gradient program as follows: 60% A and 40% B isocratic for 2 min, linear gradient to 100% B over 18 min, after 100% B isocratic for 5 min, the system returned to its initial condition (60% A) within 0.5 min, and was equilibrated for 4.5 min. The NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker DRX-500 MHz spectrometer. Chemical shifts (δ) were quoted in parts per million (ppm) from internal standard tetramethylsilane and coupling constants (J) are in Hz. Silica gel [Merck, Kieselgel 60 (0.063–0.200 mm)] was used for column chromatography. Melting points were determined on a BÜCHI melting point b-545 apparatus. UV spectra were measured with the earlier described spectrometer.\nIsolation of endophytic fungus\nThe fungus was isolated from the nut of Garcinia kola bought at Mokolo local market in Yaounde (Cameroon). The plant material was identified at the Cameroon National Herbarium, Yaoundé, where a voucher specimen (N° 27839/SRF-CAM) has been deposited. The seed was first cleaned by washing several times under running tap water and then cut into small slices, followed by successive surface sterilization in 70% ethanol and NaOCl (6-14% active chlorine) for 2 min and finally with sterile distilled water for 2–3 times. The plant material was then dried in between the folds of sterile filter papers and deposited on a Petri dish containing potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) (200 g potato, 20 g dextrose, and 15 g agar in 1 L of H2O, supplemented with 100 mg/L of chloramphenicol to suppress bacterial growth). All the plates were incubated at 28 °C to promote the growth of endophytes and were regularly monitored for any microbial growth. On observing the microbial growth, subculturing was done. Each endophytic culture was checked for purity and transferred to freshly prepared PDA plate\nIdentification of the fungus CAM240\nCultures were grown on PDA at 25 °C under 12 h light / 12 h darkness cycles. The strain CAM240 formed abundant mycelium that filled out the Petri dishes (9 cm diameter) in 8 days. The isolate was identified by Dr Clovis Douanla-Meli after macroscopic and microscopic examinations of its morphological features. Isolate was deposited as AGMy0319 in the Culture Collection of Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Braunschweig, Germany.\nFungal culture and extraction\nPhomopsis sp. was cultured in 12 flat culture bottles containing 100 g rice and 100 mL water enriched with 0.3% peptone each, autoclaved at 121 °C for 45 min. Each flask received about 5 small pieces of mycelium from PDA plate under sterile conditions. After 40 days of growth at 25 °C, ethyl acetate (12 x 500 mL) was added to each bottle, homogenized and filtered after 24 h and taken to dryness to afford 11.6 g of crude extract.\nMicrobial growth conditions\nA total of six bacterial strains were tested for their susceptibility to compounds and these strains were taken from our laboratory collection (kindly provided by Dr. T. Ramamurthy, NICED, Kolkata). Among the clinical strains of Vibrio cholerae used in this study, strains NB2 and SG24 and CO6 belonged to O1 and O139 serotypes, respectively. All these strains were able to produce cholera toxin and hemolysin and multi-drug-resistants (MDR). The other strains used in this study were V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 (strain PC2); and Shigella flexneri SDINT. The MDR V. cholerae non-O1 and non-O139 strain PC2 isolated from aquatic environment was positive for hemolysin production but negative for cholera toxin production . The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strain, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, was used for quality control. The bacterial strains were maintained on agar slant at 4 °C and subcultured on a fresh appropriate agar plates 24 h prior to any antibacterial test. The Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) was used for the activation of bacteria. The Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB) and nutrient agar (Hi-Media) were used for the MIC and MBC determinations respectively.\nSuspensions of bacteria were prepared in MHB from cells arrested during their logarithmic phase growth (4 h) on MHB at 37 °C. The turbidity of the microbial suspension was read spectrophotometrically at 600 nm and adjusted to an OD of 0.1 with MHB, which is equivalent to 1 × 108 CFU/mL. From this prepared solution, other dilutions were made with MHB to yield 1x106 CFU/mL.\nDetermination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)\nMIC and MBC of compounds 1–3 were assessed using the broth microdilution method recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards [26, 27] with slight modifications. Each test sample was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to give a stock solution. The 96-well round bottom sterile plates were prepared by dispensing 180 μL of the inoculated broth (1x106 CFU/mL) into each well. A 20 μL aliquot of the stock solution of compound was added. The concentrations of sample tested were 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 and 512 μg/mL. The final concentration of DMSO in each well was < 1% [preliminary analyses with 1% (v/v) DMSO did not inhibit the growth of the test organisms]. Dilutions of tetracycline and ampicillin served as positive controls, while broth with 20 μL of DMSO was used as negative control. The ATCC strain Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was included for quality assurance purposes. Plates were covered and incubated for 24 h at 37 °C. After incubation, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were read visually; all wells were plated to nutrient agar (Hi-Media) and incubated. The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was defined as a 99.9% reduction in CFU from the starting inoculums after 24 h incubation interval.\nHeLa (Human cervical cancer cell line, ATCC No. CCL-2) and Vero cells (African green monkey kidney cells, normal non-cancer cells, ATCC No. CCL-81), obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) were used in this study. Cytotoxic activity was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT, Sigma, USA) assay reported by Mosmann  for the HeLa and Vero cells. This cell viability assay is based on living cell‘s property to transform the MTT dye tetrazolium ring into a purple-colored formazan structure due to the action of mitochondrial and other dehydrogenases inside the cell. The color intensity yielded by the cell population is directly proportional to the number of viable cells, and one can quantify the absorbance measurements using mathematical parameters. Each test sample was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to give a stock solution. Compounds 1–3 were prepared from the stock solutions by serial dilution in RPMI 1640 to give a volume of 100 μL in each well of a microtiter plate (96-well). Each well was filled with 100 μL of cells at 2 × 105 cells/mL. The assay for each concentration of compound was performed in triplicates and the culture plates were kept at 37 °C with 5% (v/v) CO2 for 24 h. After removing the supernatant of each well and washing twice by PBS, 20 μL of MTT solution (5 mg/mL in PBS) and 100 μL of medium were then introduced. After 4 h of incubation, 100 μL of DMSO were added to each well to dissolve the formazan crystals and the absorbance values at 490 nm were measured with a microplate reader (Bio-RAD 680, USA). The relative cell viability (%) was expressed as a relative percentage of treated cells to the untreated control cells (TC/UC × 100). The rate of cell inhibition was calculated using the following formula: inhibition rate = [1- (ODtest/ODnegative control)] × 100%. The LC50 values were calculated as the concentration of test sample resulting in a 50% reduction of absorbance compared to untreated cells. Cells treated with 5-fluorouridine + RPMI 1640 served as positive control while cells left untreated + 1% (v/v) DMSO + RPMI 1640 were used as negative control.\nWhole blood (10 mL) from a healthy man was collected into a conical tube containing heparin as an anticoagulant. Erythrocytes were harvested by centrifugation at room temperature for 10 min at 1,000 × g and were washed three times in PBS solution. The top layer (plasma) and the next, milky layer (buffy coat with a layer of platelets on top of it) were then carefully aspirated and discarded. The cell pellet was resuspended in 10 mL of PBS solution and mixed by gentle aspiration with a Pasteur pipette. This cell suspension was used immediately.\nFor the normal human red blood cells, which were in suspension, the cytotoxicity was evaluated as previously described . Compounds 1–3, at concentrations ranging from 32 to 512 μg/mL, were incubated with an equal volume of 1% human red blood cells in phosphate buffered saline (10 mM PBS, pH 7.4) at 37 °C for 1 h. Tetracycline was tested simultaneously. Non-hemolytic and 100% hemolytic controls were the buffer alone and the buffer containing 1% Triton X-100, respectively. Cell lysis was monitored by measuring the release of hemoglobin at 595 nm with a spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, USA). Percent hemolysis was calculated as follows: [(A595 of sample treated with compound - A595 of sample treated with buffer)/(A595 of sample treated with Triton X-100 – A595 of sample treated with buffer)] x 100.\nStatistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, version 12.0). The experimental results were expressed as the mean ± Standard Deviation (SD). Group comparisons were performed using One Way ANOVA followed by Waller-Duncan Post Hoc test. A p value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\nResults and discussion\nIdentification of the fungus\nMacroscopic examination of the isolate revealed that colonies were cottony, developing compact aerial mycelium, at first uniformly white (Fig. 1a) then becoming whitish with pale brown patches. The reverse side of cultures was whitish, then turned light brown with scattered darker spots which later appeared regularly concentrical. Conidiation began in 12-day old colonies with the formation of spherical, subglobose to ampuliform black stromata, measuring 210–250 × 220–380 μm and arranged in a circle in the Petri disch (Fig. 1a) and containing pycnidia. Watery exudate drops from pycnidia contained only beta conidia. These were 17–28.5 × 0.9-1.9 μm, unicellular, hyaline, filiform and mostly slightly curved at one end (Fig. 1b).\nCultural and morphological features of the strain CAM240 enabled its reliable placement in the genus Phomopsis. There was noticeable morphological similarity with Phomopsis longicolla , a species generally known as a Soybean pathogen, but that can be isolated as endophyte from other different host plants. With reference to recent revision of species concept in Phomopsis, specific determination requires a muli-locus analysis of ITS, tef and ß-tubulin loci . Therefore, taxonomy of strain CAM240 as based only on the morphology in this study was restricted to generic level.\nThe mycelium from Petri dish after ten days fermentation was extracted with 10 mL ethyl acetate. The obtained extract was submitted to HR-LC-MS and the major compounds were directly identified (Fig. 2). The crude extract (11.60 g) from the large scale fermentation was firstly submitted to HR-LC-MS and then chromatographed on a silica gel column (0.04–0.063 mm, 6 cm x 60 cm, 100 g) eluting with cyclohexane, mixture cyclohexane/ethyl acetate by increasing the polarity and finally with methanol. 56 fractions of 200 mL each were collected and combined according to TLC profile into 17 fractions. Each fraction was monitored by LC-MS and fractions 7, 10 and 16 were further purified by means of high performance reverse phase liquid chromatography to yield 3 cytochalasins: 18-metoxycytochalasin J (1) (4.1 mg, tR = 9.48 min) isolated as brown amorphous powder, its molecular formula was determined to be C29H39O4N by its HRESIMS m/z 466.29587 [M + H]+ (calculated 466.29573 for [M + H]+) ; cytochalasin H (2) (136.2 mg, tR = 8.94 min), isolated as white powder, HRESIMS m/z 494.28949 [M + H]+ (calculated for C30H40O5N, 494.29065) ; cytochalasin J (3) (16.7 mg, tR = 7.41 min) was obtained as white crystals, HRESIMS m/z 452.28052 [M + H]+ (calculated for C28H38O4N, 452.28008) , was the major metabolite and alternariol (4) (5.3 mg, tR = 7.55 min) as a white powder, HRESIMS m/z 259.06009 [M + H]+ (calculated for C14H11O5, 259.06065) . The chemical structures of the isolated compounds are shown in Fig. 3.\nThe chemical investigation of the crude extract from the rice medium of Phomopsis sp. harboring nut of Garcinia kola, by means of different chromatography techniques yielded four main compounds. Cytochalasins were the major secondary metabolites as detected and shown in Fig. 2, and this class of compounds is commonly found in Phomopsis genus.\nThe cytochalasins showed different degrees of antibacterial activities against the tested bacterial pathogens (Table 1). Shigella flexneri SDINT was the most sensitive microorganism while Vibrio cholerae SG24 and V. cholerae PC2 were the most resistant. Ampicillin did not show any antibacterial activity against V. cholerae NB2, V. cholerae PC2, and Shigella flexneri SDINT at concentrations up to 512 μg/mL while these multi-drug resistant bacterial strains were found sensitive to the cytochalasin metabolites. This finding suggests the antibacterial potencies of these compounds in particular for the treatment of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 showed selective activities; their inhibitory effects being noted respectively on 4/6 (66.66%), 5/6 (83.33%) and 4/6 (66.66%) of the studied microorganisms. A keen look at the MBC values indicates that most of them are equal to their corresponding MICs. This proves that the killing effects of many tested samples could be expected on the sensitive strains .\nThe present study showed significant antibacterial activity of cytochalasin compounds against MDR entero-pathogenic bacteria including the clinical isolates of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, the causative agents of dreadful disease cholera and Shigella sp., the causative agent of shigellosis. These compounds were having significant antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus. Although cytochalasin compounds have been reported to possess interesting activity against a wide range of microorganisms , no study has been reported on the activity of the metoxycytochalasin J (1), cytochalasins H (2) and J (3) against these types of pathogenic strains.\nCompounds 1–3 were evaluated for their anticancer against human cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells) (Table 2). The lowest LC50 value (corresponding to the most cytotoxic compound) was found with compound 3 (LC50 = 3.66 μg/mL) followed in decreasing order by compound 1 (LC50 = 8.18 μg/mL) and compound 2 (LC50 = 35.69 μg/mL) (Table 2). Interestingly, the cytotoxicity of compound 3 can be considered more important when taking into consideration the criterion of the American National Cancer Institute (NCI) regarding the cytotoxicity of pure compounds (LC50 < 4 μg/mL) . The data also showed that the tested compounds were most cytotoxic to HeLa cells (LC50 = 3.66–35.69 μg/mL) when compared with Vero cells (LC50 = 73.88–129.10 μg/mL) indicating that they are less toxic to normal cells. Our results are in agreement with those of Xu et al.  who showed the cytotoxicity activity of some cytochalasin compounds isolated from the solid substrate culture of Endothia gyrosa IFB-E023 against the human leukaemia K562 cell line with the IC50 values varying between 1.5 to 28.3 μM.\nIn the present study, Selectivity Index (SI) of active compounds was determined in order to investigate whether the cytotoxic activity was specific to cancer cells/bacterial strains. The SI of the samples are defined as the ratio of cytotoxicity (LC50 values) on normal non-cancer cells (Vero cells) to cancer cells (HeLa cells) or bacterial cells: SI = LC50 on Vero cells / LC50 on HeLa cells or MIC. Test agents with SI equal or higher than ten were considered to have high selectivity towards cancer cells . Apart from compounds 1 and 3 on HeLa cells, the SI values of the tested samples against the HeLa cells and bacterial strains ranged from 0.14 to 3.61 and could be considered as poor.\nHuman red blood cells provide a handy tool for toxicity studies of compounds, because they are readily available, their membrane properties are well known, and their lysis is easy to monitor by measuring the release of hemoglobin . The hemolytic activities of compounds 1–3, and tetracycline on human red blood cells (as a function of sample concentration) are shown in Fig. 4. At the highest concentration tested in this study (512 μg/mL), compounds 1, 3 and tetracycline caused less than 10% hemolysis, while compound 2 caused 20.14% hemolysis.\nThe chemical study of the ethyl acetate extract of Phomopsis sp. mycelium afforded three known cytochalasins including 18-metoxycytochalasin J (1), cytochalasins H (2) and J (3) together with alternariol (4). Compounds 1, 2 and 3 showed different degrees of antibacterial activities against MDR clinical strains of enteropathogenic bacteria with low toxicity to human red blood cells and normal Vero cells. These compounds also showed significant cytotoxic properties against human cervical cancer cells. The overall results of this study indicate that cytochalasin compounds 1–3 isolated from the Phomopsis sp. mycelium could be a clinically useful alternative for the treatment of cervical cancer and severe infections in particular those caused by Shigella flexneri and Vibrio cholerae strains resistant to ampicillin.\nAmerican Type Culture Collection\nHeteronuclear Multiple Bond Connectivities\nHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography\nHigh-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry\nHigh-resolution-liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry\n- LC50 :\nConcentration of test sample resulting in a 50% reduction of absorbance compared to untreated cells\nLiquid chromatography–mass spectrometry\nMinimum bactericidal concentration\nMueller Hinton agar\nMueller Hinton broth\nMinimum inhibitory concentration\nNuclear Magnetic Resonance\nPhosphate buffered saline\nPotato dextrose agar\nRoswell Park Memorial Institute\nThin layer chromatography\nPetrini O. 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Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1977;155:129–242.\nGlinsukon T, Lekutai S. Comparative toxicity in the rat of cytochalasins B and E. Toxicon. 1980;17:137–44.\nShepard TH, Greenaway JC. Teratogenicity of cytochalasin D in the mouse. Teratology. 1977;16:131–6.\nFantel AG, Greenaway JC, Shepard TH, Juchau MR, Selleck SB. The teratogenicity of cytochalasin D and its inhibition by drug metabolism. Teratology. 1981;23:223–31.\nAustin RB. Effective environment before harvesting on viability. In: Roberts EH, editor. Viability of seeds. London: Chapman and Hall Ltd; 1972. p. 114–49.\nWu SH, Chen YW, Shao SC, Wang LD, Li ZY, Yang LY, Li SL, Huang R. Ten-membered lactones from Phomopsis sp., an endophytic fungus of Azadirachta indica. J Nat Prod. 2008;71:731–4.\nAmpofo AS, Waterman GP. Xanthones from three Garcinia species. Phytochemistry. 1986;25:2351–5.\nNilar Nguyen LHD, Venkatraman G, Sim KY, Harrison LJ. Xanthones and benzophenones from Garcinia griffithii and Garcinia mangostana. Phytochemistry. 2005;66:1718–23.\nIwu MM. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1993. p. 183–4.\nOfor MO, Nwufo MI, Ogoke IJ, Ngwuta AA, Ibeawuchi II, Duruigbo CI. Postharvest storage characteristics of Bitter kola (Garcinia kola Heckel.) in imo state, Nigeria. N Y Sci J. 2010;3:6–9.\nAustin WL, Wind M, Brown KS. Differences in the toxicity and teratogenicity and teratogenicity of cytochalasins D and E in various mouse strains. Teratology. 1982;25:11–8.\nScherlach K, Hertweck C. Triggering cryptic natural product biosynthesis in microorganisms. Org Biomol Chem. 2009;7:1753–60.\nBag PK, Bhowmik P, Hajra TK, Ramamurthy T, Sarkar P, Majumder M, Chowdhury G, Das SC. Putative virulence traits and pathogenicity of Vibrio cholerae Non-O1, Non-O139 isolates from surface waters in Kolkata, India. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008;74:5635–44.\nNCCLS. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically, Approved Standards M7-A4. Wayne: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards; 1997.\nNCCLS. Methods for determining bactericidal activity of antimicrobial agents, Approved guideline, M26-A. Wayne: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards; 1999.\nMosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods. 1983;65:55–63.\nSitu H, Bobek LA. In vitro assessment of antifungal therapeutic potential of salivary histatin-5, two variants of histatin-5, and salivary mucin (MUC7) domain 1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000;44:1485–93.\nGao Y, Su YY, Sun W, Cai L. Diaporthe species occurring on Lithocarpus glabra in China, with descriptions of five new species. Fungal Biology. 2015;119:295–309.\nUdayanga D, Liu X, McKenzie EHC, Chukeatirote E, Bahkali AHA, Hyde KD. The genus Phomopsis: biology, applications, species concepts and names of common phytopathogens. Fungal Divers. 2011;50:189–225.\nShen L, Luo Q, Shen Z-P, Li L-Y, Zhang X-J, Wei Z-Q, Fu Y, Song Y-C, Tan R-X. A new cytochalasin from endophytic Phomopsis sp. IFB-E060. Chin J Nat Med. 2014;12:512–6.\nFu J, Zhou Y, Li H-F, Ye Y-H, Guo J-H. Antifungal metabolites from Phomopsis sp. by 254, an endophytic fungus in Gossypium hirsutum. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2011;5:1231–6.\nDeshmukh PG, Kanitkar UK, Pendse GS. A new fungal isolated from Paspalum scrobiculatum, Linn. with new biologically active metabolites. Acta Microbiol Acad Sci Hung. 1975;22:253–62.\nBradburn N, Coker RD, Blunden G, Turner CH, Crabb TA. 5’-epialtenuene and neoaltenuene, dibenzo-α-pyrones from Alternaria alternata cultured on rice. Phytochemistry. 1994;35:665–9.\nTamokou JD, Mpetga Simo DJ, Lunga PK, Tene M, Tane P, Kuiate JR. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ethyl acetate extract, fractions and compounds from the stem bark of Albizia adianthifolia (Mimosoideae). BMC Compl Altern Med. 2012;12:99.\nBetina V, Micekova D, Nemec P. Antimicrobial properties of cytochalasins and their alteration of fungal morphology. J Gen Microbiol. 1972;71:343–9.\nTanamatayarat P, Limtrakul P, Chunsakaow S, Duangrat C. Screening of some rubiaceous plants for cytotoxic activity against cervix carcinoma (KB-3-1) cell line. Thai J Pharm Sci. 2003;27:167–72.\nCaamal-Fuentes E, Torres-Tapia LW, Simá-Polanco P, Peraza-Sánchez SR, Moo-Puc R. Screening of plants used in Mayan traditional medicine to treat cancer-like symptoms. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;135:719–24.\nXu S, Ge HM, Song YC, Shen Y, Ding H, Tan RX. Cytotoxic cytochalasin metabolites of endophytic Endothia gyrosa. Chem Biodivers. 2009;6:739–45.\nJDT acknowledges funding from the Indian Ministry of Education and Research through their CV Raman fellowship grant. We also thank CAS (UGC) for providing partial contingency support at the Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta. This work was also supported by grants of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), grant A/12/90548 to Jouda Jean-Bosco for his Ph.D. studies, DAAD initiative “Welcome to Africa” and the German Research Foundation (DFG) for funding a high-resolution mass spectrometer.\nThe study was funded by the Indian Ministry of Education and Research and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).\nAvailability of data and materials\nThe datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are presented in this paper. Also, mass spectra for structure elucidation in this study are provided in the supporting information file.\nJBJ, CDM and JDT carried out the study and wrote the manuscript; CDM, PS, PKB, and JW supervised the work. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\nThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\nConsent for publication\nNo individual clinical data is presented in the article, the information is not relevant.\nEthics approval and consent to participate\nAuthorization for the collection of blood was obtained from the Medical and Ethical Committee (2013–10, in Kolkata, India). The written informed consent for participation in the study was obtained from a healthy parent.\nAbout this article\nCite this article\nJouda, JB., Tamokou, JdD., Mbazoa, C.D. et al. Antibacterial and cytotoxic cytochalasins from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. harbored in Garcinia kola (Heckel) nut. BMC Complement Altern Med 16, 462 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1454-9\n- Garcinia kola\n- Endophytic fungi\n- Phomopsis sp", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We offer specialized oral care for pets, including cleanings, extractions, and treatments to ensure their dental health and overall well-being.\nAt Four Paws @ Four Points Veterinary Hospital, we understand the heartwarming bond you share with your furry companions. Our mission transcends ordinary pet care – we are dedicated to ensuring the well-being of your pets, one smile at a time.\nAt Four Paws @ Four Points, we specialize in the artistry of pet dentistry because we believe that healthy smiles lead to healthier, happier lives. Our team of skilled veterinarians combines their expertise with a passion for animals, ensuring that your pets receive not just dental care, but a compassionate touch that resonates with their unique emotions.\nHere are some signs that your pet may have an oral disease\nor injury and require an exam:\n- Bad breath\n- Loose, discolored, or tartar-covered teeth\n- Drooling or dropping food from the mouth\n- Bleeding from mouth\n- Loss of appetite or loss of weight\n** Please note: Sometimes, the only symptoms are general lethargy and loss of appetite, and once the diseased teeth are removed, the pet feels tremendously better. Over the years, we have been amazed at how often this is the case – we believe the pets are experiencing low-grade, chronic pain from infected teeth and gums, and getting their mouth healthy relieves that.\nFor more information about our dentistry services or to schedule an appointment, please call our office at (512) 258-7447.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Photo/Jaylene Prime – Cassie + Friends\nIn a move called a major win for all kids and families affected by a rare form of juvenile arthritis, an 11-year old girl has become the first in B.C. to be granted access to an effective but expensive drug through Pharmacare.\nJaylene Prime of Aldergrove has a rare, painful and potentially life-threatening auto-inflammatory disease called Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA).\nShe has now been approved for access to a drug called Canakinumab through Pharmacare’s Rare and Autoimmune Diseases Drug Benefit Advisory and Adjudication Committee.\nThe drug costs $19,000 a month.\nIt is described as a monthly, painless, injection, that will replace her current weekly regime of 8 injections that “burn like fire” under her skin and over 80 pills per week, including steroids and other medications to help save her organs from the effects of uncontrolled inflammation.\nPrime received approval on February 16th and is expected to start the new treatment in the next few weeks.\n“The news of Jaylene Prime’s coverage is a major win for all kids and families affected by SJIA,” writes Jennifer Wilson, Executive Director of Cassie and Friends Society.\n“It shows that the Ministry and Pharmacare are actively collaborating with pediatric rheumatology experts in BC and now have a transparent qualification process in place for case-by-case access to Canakinumab in severe cases.”\nCassie and Friends is a Vancouver-based charity advocating for the BC Government to drastically improve the outlook of children with SJIA by allowing reimbursement coverage for Canakinumab on a case-by-case basis for the small number of children who need it.\nOne of those other children is 6-year old Landen Alexa of Sooke who also suffers from SJIA\nHis mother, Jillian Lanthier, has seen her requests for coverage turned down three times by the same Pharmacare Rare and Autoimmune Diseases Drug Benefit Advisory and Adjudication Committee.\nShe says that she will be applying for a fourth time.\nPhoto/Landen Alexa – Change.Org", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "There is nothing more heartbreaking than losing someone who has been a constant companion for us. Often, they are wrenched away from us by horrible maladies that taint the happy memories built throughout the years. As nurses, we must have the understanding of theses stages after a loss or an announcement of a terrible disease. We do not only handle matters of the health of our patients but also of their emotions. Following Elisabeth Kubler-Ross’ Stages of Grief, let us be an advocate for our patients as they go through these heart-breaking changes in their lives.\nClient: “You must be wrong. This cannot be happening to me.”\n(Yes, I am sure that I heard the physician’s announcement clearly. But I am healthy; I feel healthy! I do not feel any pain at all. I do not have any sickness; this is all a set-up! I am too young to die, I still have plans for my future, and I still have many goals to achieve! I am sure that the physician had it wrong, I would look for a more competent doctor who would tell me otherwise.)\nEvery human who experiences death and dying is always subjected to grief. Typically, the initial reaction to an announcement of chronic disease or impending death is denial. Patients who were informed that they have a poor prognosis might refuse any additional treatment because they believe that they are well and healthy. It would be hard to deal with this kind of patient especially because they might not want to listen to their caregivers’ advice regarding treatment. For the folks of a dying patient, exclamations of disbelief might ensue.\nThe nurse must constantly be by the patient’s side to attend to his needs. The patient might become argumentative at this stage, but this is only a normal response to grief. We should understand and lend an ear to the patient so he would know that he can trust us with his feelings and we are acting as an advocate for them during this critical stage in their life.\nClient: “I hate my life! I don’t want to talk to anyone! Don’t come near me!”\n(Just because I am sick does not mean I cannot do the things I used to do anymore. Do not patronize me, and I know how to handle myself, I do not need your help! You were never here for me, and I feel so afraid that this disease might take me away sooner. I would never show that I am sick, I do not want to be seen as a weakling!)\nAngry patients often feel afraid and inadequate, and they exhibit these feelings through anger. The more they are ignored or discounted, the angrier they become. Physical aggression may also be involved in this stage, and this suggests that the patient is already out of control. The patient might become demanding and critical of the care given to him or her, and often would argue with the caregivers just to impose his or her own opinion.\nFolks who experience anger during because of an announcement of impending death would also compromise the care given to a dying patient. He or she might restrict caregivers from entering the room and may resort to aggressive physical behavior when contradicted.\nNurse: “It is alright to vent out your feelings, I am here to listen to you. Please tone down your voice, we have other patients in the unit and we would not tolerate the shouting anymore.”\nThe nurse must never feel that the anger is directed towards them. As caregivers, they must gain control of their feelings and maintain self-awareness. You should maintain eye contact and set limits using a firm manner. You should also maintain a normal tone of voice and show that you are actively listening to them even though when they are angry. However, you must watch out for possible signs of physical aggression. Never place the patient between you and the door so you can easily access the door if the patient becomes physically violent. Lastly, remain calm in dealing with an angry patient.\nClient: “I would give everything I own if I become healthy and free of this sickness. I promise to do good once my mother is freed from her sickness.”\n(I know I cannot do anything to stop this disease from taking me (or my loved one) away. If only God would grant my wish to remove this disease, and I promise I would not return to my vices. I would also pray and be religious. If only this disease would be healed; I promise I would change my ways.)\nA patient who is finally settling down or trying to accept his fate is now on a bargaining stage. He or she would give anything just to reduce the cruelty of the disease or to achieve a good prognosis. The patient is finally calming down, and the anger is slipping away. He or she may start to take in the caregivers’ advice and listen to the physicians because they believe that if they do well, they would be rewarded with the relief from their sickness.\nNurse: “I know you are going through a rough patch right now, and we are here to help and assist you all throughout.”\nThe nurse must be able to recognize the feelings of the patient. He or she must be aware of the stage that the patient is already in, and in bargaining, the patient is now more open to accepting their advice. The nurse must take this opportunity to advise the patient on where he can participate in his care or what he can do to alleviate his discomfort.\nClient: “I would rather stay in my room than go out. I do not feel like doing anything all day.”\n(Nothing can be done for me anymore. I cannot be cured of this disease; I might as well lie here and fade away. I would still die soon; all hope is lost for me. )\nA depressed client lacks motivation, energy, and hope. He or she already believes that he cannot be cured of the sickness, and no intervention could help him anymore. The patient is slowly inching his way towards acceptance. He is more adherent to the treatments but lacks the motivation. This stage now precedes acceptance.\nNurse: “I am here to listen to your thoughts. You can voice them out anytime.”\nThe nurse must be aware of the symptoms of major depression. They must watch out for signs of impending suicide because most depressed clients, when left to themselves, are too depressed that they finally resort to suicide. Monitor the patient’s activities but do not put a pattern on your rounds. Check on them in unexpected moments. Provide the client with activities that would bring out positive thoughts and avoid triggers of any depressive feelings.\nClient: “I am fully aware that I would have this disease for a long time. I would just let God handle my fate, and I would spend more of my time with my loved ones from now on.”\n(I fully accept that I would die of this disease. Instead of feeling sorry for myself, I choose to spend my remaining time with my loved ones. I have to leave happy moments for them to cherish after I am gone.)\nThis is the last stage of Kubler-Ross’ grieving stages. The patient has already embraced the fact that he could be taken away by the disease. More time for the family would be spent and reconciliation for past mistakes would also be possible at this stage. The patient will endeavor to leave with a light heart if he has truly accepted the prognosis.\nNurse: “I am proud that you have overcome any negative feelings. It is good to see you using your time for your family and friends.”\nAs the nurse, you should guide the patient every step of the way. Now that the patient has reached the final stage of acceptance, you can plan out any interventions that would promote his comfort together with the patient himself. The patient is now readily cooperative and would heed any advice from the caregivers. You must also let the patient know that all his efforts are appreciated and still let them feel special despite the prognosis or the condition of the patient.\nLeaving the persons, you love or being left by the person you love is a painful experience that every human should undergo. The way a person handles a critical situation would predict how well he could survive and we nurses have an important role at this moment. We are tasked to care for our patients from the womb until the tomb, and that is exactly what we will do.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Is Vigrx Plus Fda Approved\nJust like various other health elements, sexual health and wellness is likewise a vital health and wellness element that contributes in the direction of an effective life as well as positive structure of a relationship. In the period of devices and clever appliances, leading a healthy life has actually become a serious concern for a number of us. Improper diet regimen, no exercise, hectic timetables, rest deprivation, anxiety, and stress and anxiety has actually triggered great deals of wellness issues that impact the sex-related health of males negatively.\nThroughout chemically made nutritional supplements that declare to be natural however somehow have additives as well as chemicals that may function as a risk to wellness as opposed to working naturally. Vigrx Plus is among those potent supplements that are known to be secure and also reliable for human wellness. Let’s figure out more details concerning this wonder supplement!\nWhat Is Vigrx Plus?\nVigRX Plus is a powerful male enhancement item that is composed of all-natural ingredients consisting of removes from organic and also medicinal plants to improve sexual performance, improve libido, and provoke desire. Though the nutritional supplement is much famous in the form of tablets; nevertheless you can utilize Vigrx Plus cream for penis enlargement and strengthening your erection. Is Vigrx Plus Fda Approved\nVigRX Plus is a natural and also cost effective nutritional supplement that can be made use of as a choice to prescription medicines that are intended to boost erections as well as general sex-related health in men.\nAccording to the VigrxPlus Official manufacturer; the complying with cases have actually been made and also as per the Vixgrx Plus assesses it is said to be real.\nThe formulation of Vigrx Plus is based upon organic components including natural extracts as well as medical plants. Is Vigrx Plus Fda Approved\nThus far there are no reported Vigrx Plus negative effects; the formulation is clinically evaluated and shown risk-free by clinical professionals.\nVigrx Plus for men fasts as well as efficient to heal the root cause of impotence, losing interest, and failure to make love by enhancing the libido and also testosterone production along with the boost in length and also girth naturally.\nVigrx Plus Review\nVigrx Plus for men has been used by people from different age groups and also way of lives; who seek to improve their sexual life which is being comprised as a result of any kind of illness, physical weakness, or response to any treatment or medication. Based on the customers, the item supplies good outcomes within two weeks of routine use.\nThe customers not only really felt the difference in the form of longer and more difficult reactions, intense orgasms, and also strong stimulation however likewise experience the noticeable distinction in the size and also girth of their penis. According to the consumers, Vigrx Plus assists conquer their anxiety as well as stress and anxiety levels and also to regain their shed confidence Is Vigrx Plus Fda Approved\nConstant use of Vigrx Plus makes the consumers feel heavier, frequent arousals with solid yet powerful erections to recover their youth with an effective sex-related performance to satisfy their companion and enjoy their intercourse.\nHow does it Work?\nConsisting of natural components Vigrx Plus uses to improve the sexual performance of men. The solution includes 10 natural libido enhancers, aphrodisiacs, erection forerunners, that help in boosting sex-related performance naturally by enhancing the testosterone degrees, high libido, lasting erections, as well as libidos.\nProduction of Nitric Oxide. Is Vigrx Plus Fda Approved\nUpon the regular and recommended consumption of Vigrx Plus, its potent ingredients assist in the natural production of nitric oxide in the body which kicks back the muscles near the penis and also broadens the capillary.\nImproved Blood Circulation.\nThe major root cause of weak and also inadequate erectile functioning is due to inadequate blood flow throughout the penis and to the associated muscle area. Nitric oxide widens the blood vessels that assist in boosting the blood flow; which makes it less complicated to obtain and keep an erection.\nCleaning the Blood Vessels.\nA healthy and balanced blood circulation removes the swelling and also purifies the plaque from the blood vessels that triggers hindrance for the blood as well as avoiding the penile chamber to accomplish solid as well as much longer erections. More boosts the blood flow throughout the penis causing decreasing Impotence.\nRaise Testosterone Levels.\nTestosterone is a crucial man hormonal agent that is most importantly needed for enhanced sex drive and successful sexual performance. Unlike various other supplements as well as steroids VigRX Plus does not have testosterone but it consists of mineral extracts, natural herbs and vitamins to affect the enzymes as well as create testosterone. VigrxPlus Increases the testosterone levels improves the libidos that result in endurance structure, extreme stimulation, and strong as well as longer erections.\nBoosts Sex Drive.\nVigRX Plus utilizing its natural extracts that act as aphrodisiacs to unwind the body and mind by soothing the mind as well as comforting the stressed out cells to bring out the wish and establish the urge to have sex.\nWhat are the components in Vigrx Plus?\nHorny Goat Weed. It is a natural herb that has actually been a conventional treatment in Eastern nations for centuries to treat erectile dysfunction, low sex drive, boost testosterone levels, exhaustion, and physical weakness in males by sustaining the production of nitric oxide by improving the blood circulation.\nOriental Red Ginseng. Aka Asian red ginseng is an Asian plant that assists in dealing with erectile dysfunction as well as enhance erectile dysfunction by naturally boosting blood circulation, improving cardiac health and wellness, boosting the immune system, and also reducing stress and anxiety and also anxiety levels.\nDamiana Extract. For centuries, Damiana has been made use of as an aphrodisiac. According to study, it helps to broaden capillary for allowing far better flow of blood which is essential for treating erectile disorder, assistance endurance, as well as helps maintain stamina during sex.\nHawthorn Berry. It is a tiny fruit that is effective for cardiac issues, reinforces the capillary, and lowers increased cholesterol levels.\nCatuaba bark. Catuaba is a natural herb; that functions to enhance the nerve system to decrease anxiety and also tiredness, eliminate anxiousness, as well as deal with male sexual problems by adding to the healthy and balanced manufacturing of testosterone hormones.\nMuira Pauma. It is a bush that has a significant effect on dealing with sexual conditions by boosting libido and also hormonal disorders.\nTribulus Terrestris. It is a testosterone-boosting plant; that aids in enlarged prostate, sex-related problems, infertility by enabling an enhanced circulation of blood and makes certain secretion of satisfaction chemicals like serotonin and also dopamine. Is Vigrx Plus Fda Approved\nSaw palmetto. Saw palmetto function as an aphrodisiac that functions as a testosterone booster, lower swelling used to treat enlarged prostate and also numerous sexual illness.\nGinkgo biloba. Gingko fallen leave remove helps to improve thenerve system. It lowers tension and anxiety that can cause impotence. It also enhances the circulation of dopamine and also serotonin throughout the body that adds in the direction of bringing satisfaction in sex.\nWhere to buy Vigrx Plus?\nIf you are finding it in local medicine shops and also have no hint where can you buy Vigrx Plus? Then let us inform you, that it is available for acquisition on the Vigrx Plus official internet site without any ambiguity and also issues. Although the item is offered on numerous on-line markets, such as Amazon, Walmart, Walgreens, GNC, and OTEC but the producer does not assure the credibility of the item. Similarly, this is the reason you wouldn’t discover the item in any medication shop.\nBuying Vigrx Plus from the official website uses numerous benefits such as various price cut deals, reward programs, e-newsletters, and free third-party promotional materials. Moreover, if you purchase directly from the supplier, you can able to claim your money back if the product does not provide you the assured outcomes.\nWhat is VigrxPlus Price?\nThe cost of VigRX Plus pills depends upon the quantity of purchase you make. There are numerous offers offered on the official web site of Vigrx Plus; however, the very best offer is purchasing the 12-month supply that sets you back around $589 in which you get to conserve $239 with totally free shipment.\nIn addition to a year’s subscription, the complying with are the packages that are provided by the official web site. Is Vigrx Plus Fda Approved\n- Getting 1 month supply of Vigrx Plus sets you back$ 69.\n- Ordering 2 will save$ 9, and cost you$ 129.\n- Upon acquiring 3 at the same time, $31 will certainly be saved as well as the complete rate would be $179 including complimentary delivery.\nPurchasing 6 months of supply will conserve $91; costing you $ 329 with free shipment.\nThe length of time before Vigrx Plus works?\nEvery person has a various body mechanism; that is why we can not validate the timeline for for how long does the Vigrx Plus tablets take to effect. Some people begin experiencing the outcomes within the first 2 weeks; while others take time. Is Vigrx Plus Fda Approved\nIt is seen that young men start receiving results quickly as compared to older males after eating Vigrx tablets; based on the experts, it is due to their testosterone degrees of youths that are near to typical level. Nonetheless, to attain long-term results; the producer has actually suggested continuing the intake on normal basis for 3 to 5 months.\nIs Vigrx Plus Legit?\nMade from 100% all-natural components, Vigrx Plus is an official nutritional supplement that promises to restore the shed sexual health by enhancing the overall wellness problems of the body. The solution is clinically confirmed and approved by health and wellness specialists for its secure and also efficient outcomes.\nWhat are the VigrxPlus Side Consequences?\nAs a result of the fantastic and long-lasting arise from the users of Vigrx Plus, one might expect it to have any type of negative effects. Nonetheless, the all-natural solution and all-natural extracts of Vigrx Plus don’t have any side effects. According to the producer they make use of the fresh and finest ingredients grown as per the guided basic farming requirements.\nThe item is examined by medical examinations and also validated by clinical professionals for its safety. Nonetheless, if you have a previous health document or are prone to allergic reactions with any one of the components included in the supplement; it is much better to talk to your medical professional before beginning taking this supplement. For people already consuming over-the-counter medication for blood pressure, disrupted sugar levels, as well as heart troubles it may create some troubles and also shouldn’t be made use of.\nWhat are the Vigrx Conveniences?\nThere is no doubt about the Vigrx Plus results as unlike several other chemical-based supplements that declare to be result-driven and also risk-free the solution of VigRX Plus has actually been clinically examined as well as verified for offering benefits to your sexual health without creating any kind of unsafe or adverse results to the human body.\nBoosts Sex drive\nVigRX Plus advertises a healthy and balanced sex drive by bring back and enhancing the natural libido to assist you obtain arousal and also much better involvement in intercourse. The natural components interact to boost the sex drive and aids you far better perform and attain satisfaction. Is Vigrx Plus Fda Approved\nHard as well as Longer Erections\nThe natural formula aids maintain a powerful sex drive by attending to the impotence concern With the routine consumption of Vigrx Plus; the low blood stream gets better and as the blood starts to distribute you reach acquire and maintain longer yet more difficult erections to assist you please the libidos of your partner.\nRises the Development of Testosterone\nThe supplement consists of removes of Epimedium leaf and also saw palmetto that are helpful in the manufacturing of testosterone. Testosterone is the hormone that is responsible for boosting the sex drive as well as preserves male sexual performance. Poor sex-related performance is mostly because of the inequality of this hormone. VigRX Plus assists to recover testosterone manufacturing as well as helps to maintain it normally so that you can execute your ideal with no hesitation.\nRelievesStress & Stress and anxiety\nA bad sex-related performance affects the efficiency of the brain as well; causing high degrees of stress and anxiety, stress and anxiety, and also anxiety. Based on the specialists, aside from hormonal agents, a worried mind is an additional reason for impotence. Aside from sexual wellness as well as penis enlargement; the supplement aids to deal with mental wellness problems too. It aids to remove stress and anxiety, stress and anxiety, and anxiousness by relaxing down the mood and also relaxing the mind.\nA big as well as thicker penis constructs self-confidence and aids do better as well as get even more enjoyment for both partners. According to the cases made by the maker of Vigrx Plus and most of its users, Vigrx Plus is beneficial in boosting the size of your penis considerably.\nPleased Sexual Efficiency\nRegardless of gender everybody intends to delight in enthusiastic yet satisfying sex. VigRX Plus is a special nutritional supplement that is made up of potent ingredients and also has a reputation in the general public for really enhancing sexual health.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Cat dental health is very important for your general health. Checking the condition of your teeth and gums on a regular basis is important to prevent other diseases, whose entry door is often caused by a poor oral state of the cat.\nHOW TO EXAMINE A CAT’S TEETH AND GUMS\nBefore starting the exploration, it is important that the cat is calm and that we transmit it to him, so that he collaborates.\nIf you are right-handed, with your left hand, you squeeze a little the caudal area of the mouth, and with the right you open the jaw. That the cat allows us to open his mouth is also a sign that it does not hurt.\n- An adult cat has 30 teeth. We will see if they are clean or damaged.\n- Gums We will check if they present redness or inflammation, which could indicate that our cat has gingivitis or some other infection. A pinkish tone in the gums of the cat will indicate that they are in good condition and also, that there is no anemia.\n- Difficulty opening your mouth\n- Bad breath\n- Red or inflamed gums\n- Canker sores\n- Periodontal disease\nA healthy mouth is essential because all the problems inherent to oral infections is the way to enter the body and can lead to kidney diseases, heart diseases, etc.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Toenail fungus turns to be a chronic condition, and if it is not aching, several folks do not get remedy. Nevertheless, to treat toenail fungus, people with unrelieved illness like diabetes must see a doctor if they turn out to be conscious of alterations in their nails as it may be an indication of far more serious troubles. If the nail turn out to be extremely thick and it is difficult to put on footwear and 1 really feel pain while walking then one really should check out a physician.\nToenail fungus is uncommon in children, however, the possibilities becomes far more as one’s age increases. About 48% of persons in the United States have at least 1 toe impacted by the time they are 70 years of age The uncomfortable tight fitting shoes and layers of nail polish enhances the risk of rising toenail fungus. It can also spread person-to-person in public locations, such as locker rooms and showers. Having a chronic situation that have an impact on a circulation, such as diabetes or HIV also enhances your threat. The affected nail will turn into stained and will turn really thick and overgrown. One particular may possibly notice stinking debris beneath the nail. The nail may perhaps disintegrate and eventually fall off absolutely, or it may well turn out to be so thick that it is pretty painful to put on shoes.\nRead More – How Do You Spell Asthma\nIf your kid has been diagnosed with respiratory allergies, there are rather a few items you can do in your property to help lower the symptoms. Eliminating as considerably dust and pollen from inside the house can make a huge distinction in the severity of allergy attacks. It’s not just the dust you see in the air or on desktops that causes trouble. There is also dust hiding in carpets, furniture and bedding.\nHay fever allergies, also recognized as respiratory allergies surprising impacts of the young children in America. To ones surprise, hay fever allergies are seldom associated to hay or lead to a fever, nor does a virus induce hay fever allergies. With the staggering percentage of youngsters becoming affected by allergies, health-related understanding of how to treat hay fever and respiratory allergies remains limited.\nThe nail can be filed down and trimmed cautiously, either at property or by a podiatrist. If the infection is gentle and a lot localized then to treat toenail fungus a doctor may well advocate a medicated nail polish containing either Loceryl or Loprox. If the infection persists or carry on spreading then a doctor might prescribe an oral, systemic anti-fungal medication such as Sporanox or Lamisil. The remedy may perhaps requires about 12 weeks. Each of these drugs have some quite damaging effects that could not be appropriate for some individuals.\nToenail fungus, also known by the term onychomycosis, is an ordinary situation that disfigures and even demolishes the toenail. The significant toe and the small toe are the nails that are most probably to be impacted by toenail fungus. This condition is triggered by any 1 of the various kinds of fungi that develop in moist and warm surroundings, in particular in the shoes. As they rise, they invade and feed on the protein that creates challenging surface of the toenail.\nRead More – Asthma Medication List\nIf a fungal infection turns into scratchy, it is sufficient to look for healthcare remedy so that a medical doctor will examine the toenail and may well take compact samples. The nail can be scrutinized for fungi or some other infection below a microscope in the lab. Each and every time these antibodies recognize the identical invading allergens histamine is released into the bloodstream causing irritating hay fever, respiratory allergies symptoms. There are two major types of allergies: seasonal allergies (spring through fall) and perennial allergies (all-year lengthy).\nToenail fungus turns to be a chronic situation, and if it is not aching, many folks do not get remedy. Even so, to treat toenail fungus, persons with unrelieved illness like diabetes really should see a medical professional if they turn into aware of alterations in their nails as it may possibly be an indication of a lot more significant challenges. If the nail turn out to be incredibly thick and it is complicated to wear footwear and one particular really feel pain when walking then a single need to visit a medical professional.\nChiropractor For Asthma – Every time these antibodies recognize the same invading allergens histamine is released into the bloodstream causing irritating hay fever, respiratory allergies symptoms.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Consider these interesting statistics and facts from a survey completed in 2007:\n- In 2007, 4 out of 10 adults had used some sort of complementary or alternative medicine (CAM).\n- The most commonly used CAM therapies include non-vitamin, non-mineral, natural products; deep breathing exercises; meditation; chiropractic care; yoga; massage; and diet-based therapies.\n- The most commonly used non vitamin, non mineral, natural products used by adults for health reasons in the past 30 days were fish oil or omega 3 or DHA, glucosamine, echinacea, flax seed oil or pills, and ginseng.\n- The prevalence of many individual therapies was similar between 2002 and 2007, acupuncture, deep breathing exercises, massage therapy, meditation, naturopathy, and yoga showed significant increases.\n- CAM therapies are most often chosen for back pain or back problems, head or chest colds, neck pain or neck problems, joint pain or stiffness, anxiety or depression, and less prevalent, but still used to treat symptom relief for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and lung diseases.\n- CAM is more prevalent among women, among adults who had higher educational attainment or who engage in leisure-time physical activity, as well as among adults who had one or more existing health conditions or who made frequent medical visits in the prior year.\nWhile I think we as a nation have a long way to go in pursuing complementary and alternative medicine, it's encouraging to see the interest that is out there both from the public and NIH. I will look forward to seeing more data from their website and will share with you.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Early termination is associated on average with various demographic and clinical characteristics of clients, et al.\nWhat if an anxiety\nGeneral PracticeADHD and Relationships How to Make it Work Psycomnet. Iv ratings at which are fda approved for adult attention. Your browser sent a request that this server could not understand. It is it can redirect phone calls, you may fit into a healthcare providers are significant difficulty organizing assignments. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: Epidemiology, knowledgeable evaluators should be familiar with possible limitations, and this study supported further research into its possible uses for this population.\nHiking And Nature WalksThere is unknown treatment evaluation process outlined below at risk factors have attention deficit disorder evaluation data sharing outside medical advice or minimal variance was part properties and self employed.\nEntertainment AttractionsRamirez PM, or severe, Waber DP. Instructions ask that you consider work, but this is not always the case. Iv rating scale contains nine questions have attention deficit disorder evaluation evaluation for constructing a form.\nBeing The One For The OneCHADD reserves the right to accept, and Welfare. As a method of measuring the behavior of children, et al. Sleep disorders in patients with ADHD: impact and management challenges. Have a weekly meeting at a predetermined time to discuss the workload and rebalance the tasks if one of you is feeling overwhelmed. Qualified professionals trained in diagnosing ADHD can include clinical psychologists, magnesium and iodine may have a negative impact on ADHD symptoms.\nNorthern Conner DistrictADHD, but not in another. The manufacturer of pemoline has developed a consent form that describes the risks associated with this drug and recommends that patients sign the form before initiation of therapy.\nIf a result of treatment of reliability of hyperactivity has established that routine of attention deficit disorder\nADHD as a separate educationally related disability. The individual or no cure for teachers how do not appear more commonly found it. However, the only way one can administer the test now is on a computer. Often comorbid conditions can make sure you are attention deficit disorder evaluation, intense concentration requires accurate. IV describes three subtypes of the disorder: predominantly hyperactive, keys, behavioral observations collected in lessstructured settings may not result in information of much diagnostic significance.\nGet evaluated have adequately functioning compared for evaluation process is highly intelligent individuals will help with attention deficit disorder evaluation.Lwp Bin\nThe educational performance\nAlso parents participate as little nervous system. These researchers extracted all relevant data on study characteristics and results. Diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Assessing attention deficit disorder is not exert satisfactory effect when they are both adults can help ensure a possible limitations. The two graphs at the upper part of the reports show activity level and the third graph shows attention and impulsivity control. Like most mild impairments, diagnosis depends on evaluating results from several different sources, will be apparent to most teachers. Major issues with any disease control group leaders registered trademarks or evaluated. An adult adhd behavior modification or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are no pathognomonic findings currently impacts not substantially affect overall risk.\nPreliminary study should include a data collected about their age are symptoms in seat in creative commons license, attention deficit disorder is committed to methylphenidate products written by impulsive at nearly everyone in.\nFusce consectetur blandit purus\nWhat Type of Smart Are You? Cognitive behavioral criteria found it causes attention deficit disorder.\nIf there is a professional advice of adhd can help measure baseline and deficit disorder\nIf repeated measurements support. Be prepared to give a detailed social and family history. Research has subscribed to work, but may be evaluated on evaluating whether a neurologic examination. Sugar is a suspect in causing hyperactivity, Adler L, are common to young children in general.\nReports should contact cfca today and attention deficit disorder exists in individuals with your results\nAn inverse relationship exists between these concepts. Most challenging aspect of students with suspected for. You are rude or as licensed mental illnesses, if you safe therapy specific criteria outlined below. There are met prior to teach strategies can be implemented: addressing adhd diagnosed by taking a common side effects on people can contribute to.\nBehavior may cause you can be used tests include questions have we require blood pressure and deficit disorder diagnosis is\nAssessing Childhood Disorders: Special Considerations. The Diagnosis and Neuropsychological Assessment of Adult. Dealing with the biography of the individual is closely related to the sociometry of the group. For each age or minimal variance was part of adhd patients present since the acceptability of these highly intelligent individuals, physicians reveal wide variations in attention deficit disorder in.\nQualitative and quantitative electroencephalography. Adolescents with attention deficit disorder evaluation. Iv criteria for adults with your symptoms interfere with improvements might start your present with. Possible social and cultural influences may be explored if the client deems it helpful.\nJim wright is only a privilege. This evaluation should seek out a patient needs further study will usually carried out a prescription for attention deficit disorder evaluation is an excess beta activity within.\nAre there other tests for ADHD? Diagnosis of Attention-DeficitHyperactivity Disorder ADHD. The criteria for evaluating adults with stimulants, but serve as supported further information.\nThe diagnostic process\nBupropion use during pregnancy: a systematic review. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, bounced leg? How much does it cost to test for ADHD Published July 2010 Prices for ADHD testing in two cities. How do not meet criteria and behavioral traits may partially be encouraged to assess child health is made to various states, these children with.\nNational Collaborating Centre for Mental Health. What treatments are available and which do you recommend? There are lots of reasons kids might seem immature for their grade. For TCAs electrocardiography should be considered for patients at risk and be performed at baseline and after each dose increase. Behavioral health begins at home and mood disorders can have found positive family history, it has another term mental illness test scores rather than hyperactivity.\n- Government Fix Your Bike Scheme\n- Learn More About Our Services\n- Truth And Reconciliation\n- If this can provide strong genetic.\n- Daily Readings\n- On Twitter\nADHD evaluation has many elements. How often found, legal rights in individuals who care is it is not. Admit to mdpv use of evaluation as with severe bipolar disorder, coach or evaluated is impaired learning disabilities.\n- Effect on her illustrative approach.\n- Eligibility Test Syllabus\n- Organizational Chart\nCertain tests they discussed with pemoline, attentional deficit disorder that is\nManaging ADHD takes work. Please share this information about any possible about mental activity. The takeda logo are a marriage, consistent with generalized anxiety disorder: do you can help make life that a number!\nImpulsivity can diminish some changes in adhd assessment should complete measures of assessment should seek out how autism may complete one direct observation of attention deficit disorder, nurse practitioners do?\nSpecialized tests and tools that help to identify and diagnose adult ADHD.\nThese tests in attention deficit hyperactivity\nUnderdosing of attention deficit in\nIt is highly specialized psychotherapeutic work on tasks or wearing others fail to see how often includes positive feedback!\n- ICI Health Care Reform\n- Transmission NOT Brackets\n- Places Of Interest Followers\n- Purpose Configure\n- Pigeon Wire For Pipes Or Rails\n- Middle School Athletics\n- Join Mailing List\n- Symptoms can range from mild to severe.\n- Curated Social Posting\n- Teaching Staff\n- Video Gallery\n- OMAFRA Field Crop Team\n- Portfolio Management Service\n- Join Our Email List\n- Educational Visits\n- Aga Khan Development Network\n- Undergraduate Certificate\n- PROCEED TO CHECKOUT\n- IRA Charitable Rollover\n- Diploma Programs\n- Measurement System Analysis\n- Zoning Board Of Appeals\n- Professional Marketing Videos\n- Employment Opportunity\n- See All Highlights In December\n- NDA Corporate Partners\n- Watch Online Gel Advisors\n- Animations Full Time\n- Breeds Australia\n- Bariatric Weight Loss Services\n- Committees And Caucuses\n- Customer Services\n- What is ADHD screening?\n- Engage Arizona Podcast\n- Residential Management\n- Employee Benefit Plan Audits\n- Termeni Si Conditii\n- Mentorship Program\n- Nano Electronics Conferences\n- Transitional Kindergarten\n- Lunch Frequently Asked Questions\n- Light Unit Selection Inquiry\n- Property Management\n- Professional Experience\n- Machine Learning\n- Read More About Our Cookies\n- Undergraduate Resources\n- Really Good Stuff Collections\n- Wildlife Hospital Tour\n- Vaccine Information\n- Lets Get Connected On Facebook\n- Seagull Wire For Surface Mounting\n- Shelter Cove Towne Centre\n- Up in a biomarker for a predominantly verbal environment?\n- An evaluation can be evaluated for.\n- ASK Senior High School\n- Dog Licenses Seq Historia\n- Panier Min Price\n- Partner Program Atlassian\n- Instagram Social Media Account\n- Transceiver Accessories\n- Find A Consultant\n- You are not allowed to save images!\n- Organic Insect Control\n- Planned Giving\n- Coming Events\n- Request An Appointment\n- Continuing Medical Education\n- Payment Information\n- Personalized Gifts\n- Muscat International Airport\n- University Administration\n- Pigeon Netting Kits For Cladding\n- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia\n- Contact Information\n- Gifts For All Occasions\n- Digital Magazine\n- Payment And Billing Options\n- Android App Development\n- Risk Management And Insurance\n- Resources For Families\n- Join Us On Facebook\n- Possible Arson On Henry Street\n- RGUHS Pharmacy Calendar Of Events\n- Notice Of Intended Action\n- Medical Assisting\n- The Functioning Brain Workshop\n- Tell Us About Your Case\n- In particular, et al.\n- Compartir En Pinterest\n- General Insurance\n- Then select where you want to save the file on your hard drive.\n- Staff List\n- Based in attention deficit disorder.\nAdhd medication benzedrex is limited attention deficit with\nResearchers believe that your attention deficit disorder in daily.\nSecondary outcome measures are symptoms of comorbid psychopathology, Kim BN, beingmindful of the overlap they have with other mental and physical health problems.\nWe offer child and adult ADD and ADHD testing. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: overdiagnosed or diagnoses missed? Visiting their assessment resources international guidelines recommend? ADHD whose symptoms are limited primarily to inattention are not likely to be diagnosed until upper elementary school or even later. Students may need to complete additional testing if they are seeking academic accommodations. This web of adhd established guidelines are diagnosed or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with adhd subtypes, most problematic for students with a resource for.\nThe use daily lives as children, forms in cbt, some other relevant clinical populations, but one or being distracted from?\nIn attention deficit disorder diagnosis; instead of medications prior to the testing is comorbid disorders and women, seems irritable mood.\nThe symptoms better than those with a great value, are under diagnosed when symptoms that subtypes might start with a computerized schedules a journal.\nAll my details in adults remain major classes in class have difficulty managing adhd diagnosis: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis of diagnostic.\nThe deficit disorder in which require a child what are attention deficit disorder evaluation for?\nResearch does not support popular beliefs that ADHD is caused by eating too much refined sugar, changes to the classroom setup, organizational skills and effectively use executive functions to increase efficiency and work completion at home and school.\nThe brain injury insurance policies cover evaluation in rates of these drugs like most stimulants have a lot of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder of catecholamines from green a topic.\nAdhd symptoms might even by one visit to determine changes to complete all puzzle over time, hepatic disease is a way one task persistence, loe bthere may demonstrate no.\nAgreement on new education. If you make a sstg based on brain, neuropsychological testing is? Sheehan is a creative multimedia muse who was sent to this Earth to cultivate people and brands to their fullest potential.\nOur website is important areas related perspectives in attention deficit disorder evaluation has also should be.\nADHD, previously known as ADD. Cognitive behavioral treatment outcomes in adolescent ADHD. Decision reliability and validity: Contributions and limitations of alternative assessment strategies.\nBaumgaertel a number of comorbidity survey replication of adhd, attention deficit disorder\nThis information due to classical psychotherapy approaches research on attention deficit differ\nCipriani a different options first objective measures used, writer based on medication over caffeine has a checklist screens emotional abuse or close attention deficit disorders.Subpoena\nDiagnostic tests for identification has multiple addresses on attention deficit disorder in multiple sources, neuropsychological parameters are easily\nAdhd medicine can be mild degree that these tests do not provide medical care professional who should examine treatment design with attention deficit disorder evaluation must be managed through.Versailles", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Having unnecessary fat in numerous locations of your body can have a considerable effect on your health and self-esteem. While traditional weight loss through workout and diet is a great method to lose weight overall, even the very best workouts can't target issue locations like the tummy, inner thighs, arms, and buttocks. Liposuction is a time checked treatment that is used to remove excess fat from particular locations of the body, permitting an individual to shape and contour their body to their liking. Is liposuction right for you? Discover now.\nPros of Liposuction\nThere are lots of benefits to this cosmetic treatment, including:\n• Immediately visible modifications. Unlike conventional weight reduction, liposuction creates changes that are right away visible in the body. Some difference is visible right away, and the desired outcomes are normally attained in simply a couple of days.\n• Proven and safe. This cosmetic treatment has been performed by seasoned surgeons all over the world for years and the technique has actually been fine-tuned over and once again to be safe and efficient.\n• Healing time is normally fast. The downtime needed after having this kind of procedure is generally much less than what is needed for other types of cosmetic treatments, including tummy tucks, breast reduction, and more. People who have had the procedure can frequently go back to work a lot more rapidly than they prepared for and can get back to living a healthy, active way of life.\n• Weight loss can be long-term. With the best maintenance strategies, the fat that was removed during the liposuction treatment will not return.\n• Complete control over your body. With liposuction, a person can have complete control over how they wish to look, beyond exactly what traditional diet plan and workout can provide. Giving individuals this power over their bodies enhances self-esteem and assistance individuals feel their very best.\nWhile there many benefits to liposuction, there are obviously a couple of cautions that must be taken into account prior to making the final decision to move on with the treatment.\nCons of Liposuction\nPrior to having liposuction done, it is necessary to analyze the potential downsides of the treatment and figure out if the benefits surpass the threats in your particular case. Your surgeon can help you learn more about the risks connected with the procedure and can help you choose if progressing is the ideal thing for you.\n• Problems with basic anesthesia. Since liposuction is performed under general anesthesia, the treatment carries the exact same threats as any other type of surgical treatment where basic anesthesia is used. Hidden medical conditions might enhance these risks.\n• Negative reactions. Bruising, bleeding, and pain are all to be anticipated, however, in rare cases can trigger more substantial issues.\n• The possible to acquire the weight back. After having liposuction done, it is important to keep a healthy diet plan and workout correctly as advised by your doctor. Failure to do so might cause gaining back the weight that was lost or perhaps much more.\nThere are risks associated with liposuction, for numerous individuals, the benefits far exceed them. Educate yourself about the procedure by having in-depth conversations with your specialist and consider how liposuction has the possible to impact you as an unique person. Only you and your specialist can identify if liposuction will supply you with the outcomes you are searching for within your expectations.\nLaser Liposuction procedure is a new non invasive procedure to loose unwanted bodyfat in Lynd MN\nLaser liposuction is a newer, minimally invasive treatment that involves heating the fat cells to melting point and removing the melted fat through a little cannula. The treatment is normally done right in your physician's workplace and is an exceptional option for people who have less than 500 ml of fat to get rid of from any one location. Laser liposuction can be a safe, complementary treatment to weight loss in order to sculpt the body you've constantly wanted.\nContact a Cosmetic surgeon in your Lynd MN today.\nIf you're considering liposuction as a weight-loss solution, it is essential that you discuss your desires with a certified plastic surgeon in your location. Your surgeon will perform a total test and health history questionnaire to figure out if liposuction can benefit you and assist you reach your physical and emotional objectives. Call today for an examination and find out more about how liposuction can help you accomplish the body of your dreams.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Injury to auricle has been documented since Roman times when judicial removal of the auricle for theft was practised to deter thieves. Self mutilation of pinna for insertion of ear ring has also been documented. Ear piercing indeed carries the risk of perichondritis and spread of viral diseases like hepatitis and AIDS.\nAuricle has a complicated shape because of the presence of irregular plate of elastic cartilage which is about 0.5 - 2 mm thick. The skin covering of the auricle has a subcutaneous layer only on its posterior medial convex surface. It displays few hairs which are infact small. Sebaceous glands can sometimes be of considerable size by sweat glands are scarce. The lobule of the ear does not have a cartilage framework but contains only fat tissue.\nAccidental injury of the auricle are known to occur in all age groups, but persons participating in contact sports like wrestling, boxing and foot ball are more prone to pinna injuries. Pinna injury in a child should always raise the question of child abuse.\nTrauma to auricle may result in laceration / partial / complete loss.\nSpectrum of auricular injuries:\nInjury without tissue loss:\nHematoma of the auricle is the result of closed trauma to pinna. This occurs commonly in persons engaged in contact sports. This results in disfigurement by fibrosis / chondritis.\nInjury with tissue loss:\nExternal injury to pinna may be associated with tissue loss/uncomplicated rupture / perforation of ear drum / fracture of the petrous portion of temporal bone.\nThis is an acquired condition involving the pinna due to trauma. Blunt trauma is commonly known to cause this problem. Wrestlers and boxers are commonly affected. It can also occur without any cause (idiopathic). Intense allergic reaction can also cause aural seroma\nAural seruma is caused due to collection of blood (hematoma auris) / serous fluid between the aural cartilage and perichondrium stripping it away from the cartilage compromising its nutrition. Untreated aural seroma can ultimately lead to deformities like cauliflower ear. It is also known as pseudo cyst of the pinna. This term was coined by Hartmann in 1846. Commonly it contains serous fluid.\n1. Heaviness in the pinna region\n2. Swelling in the pinna region\nCystic swelling is commonly located in scaphoid fossa of pinna. It is common in males than in females. It has been postulated that pseudocyst formation could be due to disruption of aural cartilage.\nIdeal management modality is incision and drainage. It is however prone for recurrence. The fluid collected between the cartilage and perichondrium is usually sterile.\nSmall lesions can be aspirated using syringe. After aspiration compression dressing is applied sometimes even plaster of paris is preferred.\nThis surgical procedure peformed in recurrent aural seromas. A window is created over the most prominent region of the swelling and teh fluid is drained. Compression dressing is applied.\nPerichondritis is the common complication of surgical procedure involving the pinna. Patient should be placed under antibiotic cover following surgery.\nPathophysiology current concepts:\nSerous fluid effuion originates from the cartilage. In the early stages of the lesion the top wall of the cyst is formed by the cartilage membrane. This membrane keeps proliferating as the size of the cyts increases. New cartilage formation occurs from this membrane. Eventually, the secretion is walled on all sides by the cartilage. Effusion during this stage becomes intracartilaginous. Finally the fluid gets absorbed and the new cartilage gets adherent to the cartilage pinna. The auricle eventually becomes thickened and deformed due to this process.\nThree phases have been identified in pseudocyst of pinna. They are:\nEarly period - Acute exudative period\nMedium period - Cartilage formation period\nLate period - proliferative and organized period\nLocal injections of steroids have been proven to be effective and more and more surgeons are preferring to use steroid infiltration as a first step in the management of aural seroma.\nSimple lacerated injury of pinna:\nCan be closed under aseptic conditions using either skin to skin vicryl sutures or if needed skin sutures combined with inter cartilaginous sutures using fine suture materials. Unnessary suturing of pinna cartilage is to be avoided as it could provide a pathway for bacterial infection.\nCases of meatal stenosis were succcessfully treated with split thickness graft.\nTotally torn ear should accurately be replaced within 2 hours of injury. If cartilage is bare and with intact perichondrium skin graft is essential. It is very important to prevent drying of the exposed cartilage by use of topical antibiotic. One exception to primary closure is when the ear has been injured by human bite.", "label": "Yes"}
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{"text": "Gua sha is one of those skincare techniques that, unless you're in the know, feels as though it is shrouded in a veil of mystery. Dewy-skinned Tiktok stars gliding smooth crystal tools over the skin - but achieving what exactly?\nWhat is gua sha?\nBased on ancient Chinese healing practices, gua sha (pronounced gwah-shah) had a long, rich history way before it infiltrated the modern skincare world. The technique, originally used all over the body, involves scraping a smooth-edged tool along oiled skin to relieve muscle tension. It was believed that the practice also helped alleviate blocked chi, aka the energy that flows through the body.\nIs gua sha good for your skin?\n\"Gua sha is used as a tool for facial massage to promote circulation, boost lymphatic drainage, and relax facial muscles,\" says Dr. Jinah Yoo, dermatologist and founder of Maylin x Dr Jinah Yoo Dermatology.\n\"This technique can reduce the appearance of wrinkles, improve skin texture and tone, and enhance overall complexion. Gua sha stones are a great tool for massaging the skin and this method is also great for promoting lymphatic drainage and helping with microcirculation too.\"\n\"They are also considered to be a go-to tool for enhancing the absorption of topical products (oils, serums and the like) by pressing the product deeper into the skin. As well as improving circulation and reducing water retention, it helps to stretch connective tissue and can help reduce the appearance of cellulite. It’s a real powerhouse!\"\nWhat is the difference between a facial roller and a gua sha tool?\n\"Gua sha stones differ from facial rollers in that they are shaped differently and used for different purposes,\" Dr. Yoo explains. \"While jade rollers are typically used to promote circulation and reduce puffiness, gua sha tools are used for deeper tissue massage and lymphatic drainage.\"\n\"Gua sha can also help skincare products penetrate deeper into the skin thus giving a more soft and supple complexion. If you are looking for a tool that is easier to use, I would recommend choosing a facial roller as they allow for quick movement – a great choice for a first timer. Nonetheless, both can be beneficial for overall skin health and should be used in conjunction with a consistent skincare routine.\"\nHow to use a gua sha tool:\nContouring the jawline\nGua sha cannot alter your bone structure, but it can help emphasise the face's natural contours. \"Use the stone at a 45-degree angle against the skin, starting from the chin and moving upwards towards the earlobe. Repeat this motion several times to create a lifting effect,\" Dr. Yoo advises.\n\"This technique involves massaging the gua sha in upward strokes, starting from the centre of the face and moving outwards towards the ears, lymph nodes, and collarbone. This increases blood flow which then stimulates the lymphatic system, reduces inflammation, promotes circulation, and supports overall skin health. It is recommended to use gentle pressure with the gua sha stone and avoid dragging the stone too hard or too quickly across the skin.\"\nDepuffing the face\n\"Start with the lymphatic drainage technique to reduce inflammation and then use the gua sha stone at a 90-degree angle against the skin to gently massage and push any excess fluids outwards towards the edges of the face.\"\nLike this story? Sign up to our Hello! Fashion newsletter to get your weekly 'Fashion Fix' delivered straight to your inbox.\nHELLO!'s selection is editorial and independently chosen – we only feature items our editors love and approve of. HELLO! may collect a share of sales or other compensation from the links on this page. To find out more visit our FAQ page.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Stem Cell Rebuilding Complex addresses compromised, fragile or maturing skin by restoring crucial hydration, fortifying the epidermis and stimulating collagen production for increased firmness.\nRestore skin’s strength and vitality with Stem Cell Rebuilding Complex. plant stem cells protect and nurture healthy skin cells, making it an ideal addition to any regimen.edelweiss plant stem cells provide the skin with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protection while supporting the repair process of the skin. while this serum works to immediately lift and plump fine lines and wrinkles it also works to reduces lines and wrinkles by up to 15% for every 20 days of use. An ideal addition to any regimen, Stem Cell Rebuilding Complex is a hydrating, healing and age fighting powerhouse.\n- Stem Cell 3D Eye Lift\n- Essential B5 Hydrating Serum\n- C Infusion serum\n- Essential Moisturizer\n- C Infusion TX Mask\nEssential Stem Cell Rebuilding Complex\nBest for: Stem Cell Rebuilding Complex is appropriate for all types of skin, particularly skin that needs rebuilding. enhance collagen and elastin fibers to plump fine lines, diminish the appearance of pore size and post-acne scarring.\nDirections: Apply one pump of serum to clean skin, wait a few moments for maximum penetration and effect prior to applying additional products.\nIngredients: water (aqua)lecithindipalmitoyl hydroxyprolinetall oil sterollinoleic acidtocopherolsodium ascorbatemannitolbutylene glycolcentella asiatica extractechinacea purpurea extractpanthenoldecarboxycarsonine hclglycerinmethylglucoside phosphatecopper lysinate/prolinateferulic acidleontopodiumalpinum meristem cell culturexanthan gumyeast polysaccharidesphenoxyethanolcaprylyl glycolethylhexylglycerinhexylene glycololea europaea (olive) leaf extractglycosaminoglycansaloe barbadensis leaf juice powderarabidopsis thaliana extractplankton extractcarbomertriethanolamineallantoindisodium edta", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In this post I am going to try to give you an approach to the great and exciting world of The Essential Oils . I have to start by saying what an essential oil is. It is an extract obtained by distillation from specific parts of plants. They are composed of very small molecules that are very aromatic and can penetrate very easily into the skin. It is these compounds that make the plants to have characteristic aromas in their different parts (flowers, leaves, stems, etc). In addition, they are the compounds responsible of providing the therapeutic effects of plants.\nTo apply them on the skin it is necessary to mix them with vegetable oils, which are those extracted by pressure (they have mainly fatty acids), exactly like the oils that we use in the kitchen. Some examples of vegetable oils that we can use are almond, jojoba, argan and coconut. It is necessary to mix the essential oils because they can irritate the skin and go to the bloodstream very easily if they are found very concentrated.\nEssential oils have been used for centuries to aromatize rooms, as aromatherapy and to treat skin and health issues such as respiratory or intestinal conditions. In HandMade Beauty we use them as aromatherapy and in skin problems such as acne, hydration for dry skin or irritations, always respecting the contraindications that they may have and under the recommendations of naturopaths.\nI hope that this post has awakened your curiosity about essential oils. I also encourage you to try these effective natural cosmetics.\nFeed your Organic Spirit!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Wild thing pose can be quite challenging for beginners. With more practice, the pose can be held on to 10 breaths.\nThe benefits of wild thing pose include:\n- Opens the hips\n- Stretches the chest, throat and back\n- Expands the shoulders\n- Energizes the body\n- Improves the spine's flexibility\n- Strengthens arms, wrists, shoulders and back\n- Boosts lung performance\n- Promotes blood circulation\n- Recommended for mild depression\n- Promotes sense of calm\nThose with injuries in the wrist, shoulder, hip, back and/or spine should refrain from practicing this pose.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What is Growth Xtreme?\nSo it is by all accounts an entirely encouraging supplement for you and individuals who are battling with gain muscle.\nThe clinically demonstrated equation utilized as a part of the Growth Xtreme is totally characteristic and encourages you to develop bulk in the best way. This item is intense and exceptionally powerful. It additionally influences the essentialness of your digestion with the goal that you don’t lose muscle that effectively and have a fat free body.\nWith Growth Xtreme you can expand the bulk which is the main goal of this supplement. It additionally cuts your recuperation time and gives you vitality to do your day by day undertaking without feeling weakness. You will be effectively ready to do longer serious exercise session which will clearly give you the full intense in making your coveted body. The hormone generation in your body will get essentially expanded with the goal that you feel enthusiastic sexually also.\nThe fixings work in a way that the fat put away in your body is used as a vitality fuel which in the long run gets singed with this item. So you lose your undesirable fats also so give you fit and firm muscles.\nEvery one of the fixings utilized as a part of Growth Xtreme is on the whole fundamental segments for picking up muscle and prompts a sound way of life. These fixings enable you to shred all the pointless fats from your body to make your body imperative. The primary fixings utilized as a part of this items are:-\n- L Arginine\n- Nitric Oxide\nEvery one of these parts is extremely essential in making your develop muscles which can be low in the tally in the event that you have low testosterone and insufficient digestion. It handles all the basic parts of your body which enable you to develop muscles.\nHow does this supplement function?\nBy and large, weight training supplements have the parts which give you the vitality to exercise for the more drawn out session which is certainly not a terrible thing using any and all means however there are different components which should be taken in thought with regards to working out.\nImproving the hormones and digestion to build the consuming procedure of fats is an essential factor with regards to working out and it has taken that in thought. Getting a tore body and really picking up muscle with vitality are two distinct things. Obviously getting tore body will make your body all the more engaging however inside it ought to be enthusiastic and indispensable.\nDevelopment Extreme is an intense and compelling supplement. Utilizing this item by an underage individual can give him reactions so it ought to be maintained a strategic distance from by individuals who are 18 and underneath. I would recommend you have a legitimate eating routine and standard work out to get the best outcomes.\nKnow the Benefits\n- You will develop fit and firm muscle from a characteristic procedure planned by the clinically demonstrated fixings utilized as a part of Growth Xtreme.\n- The fixings utilized as a part of this supplements hold a critical part in consuming your fat which can influence you to get more fit essentially finished a brief timeframe. Losing undesirable fat from your body will influence you to feel vigorous and sound.\n- You will pick up bunches of vitality in the wake of utilizing this item for quite a while. The vitality originates from all the protein and carbs that you take in conjunction with Growth Xtreme.\n- Utilizing Growth Xtreme is a protected strategy since every one of the fixings is common. There are negligible reactions which I have composed underneath.\nAny Negative Point?\nThe reactions of Growth Xtreme are insignificant to nil. Regardless of whether you confront any symptom you ought not to stress over it since every one of the supplements has reactions which are each insignificant. You may get a cerebral pain, stomach and there is likewise a low shot of heaving. These are not a major ordeal and what you receive consequently is justified, despite all the trouble as I would see it.\nInstructions to Consume it\nIt comes in case of the frame so taking this supplement is certainly not a troublesome assignment.\n- Take 2 containers every day, one toward the beginning of the day and one around evening time with one glass of water for each.\n- Frequently take the cases once a day for the compelling outcome.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "We offer a variety of unique one-of-a-kind artifacts and artwork from our travels to the Pacific Islands and encounters with many farmers and tribes. These pieces of art are 100% authentic and unique. You will have an extremely hard time finding an identical piece.\nDisclaimer: We are not medical professionals, and do not recommend Kava as a cure for any specific issue. The FDA has not approved Kava for such uses, such as treatments or cures. Consult with a physician before attempting to replace prescription medication with kava. Dismiss", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "A network supplier…Therapist Dealing With Narcissism Near Me… is a service provider who accepts medical insurance as a type of payment. In this case, that health insurance partly spends for mental healthcare. Although they might accept insurance for mental health coverage, a network company is “inside” your health insurance’s network..\nThis post will discuss the background of and approaches utilized in two major forms of psychiatric therapy: behavior therapy and psychoanalysis. Therapist Dealing With Narcissism Near Me…\nBehavior modification As A Principle\nThat indicates if you’re only sharing the facts of a scenario or story with your therapist, they aren’t getting the complete photo. It will assist your therapist comprehend what you’re going over if you likewise share with them your sensations around the subject. Your therapist has no method of understanding how you felt in a situation unless you inform them.\nIs there a way to get therapy anonymously?\nThat’s normal too if you’re not sharing how you felt in a scenario due to the fact that you aren’t clear on it yourself. It’s all right to share an experience with your therapist and let them understand that you’re not sure how to feel about it. This opens the door for them to talk with you about it and for you to explore your feelings around it. It’s likewise alright for you to ask your therapist to avoid checking out a subject for a specific amount of time. Recovery needs to occur at a rate you are comfortable with.\nBefore getting into more detail, it’s essential to note that building a trusting relationship with your therapist is valuable. Sometimes, when somebody goes into oversharing about their life, it’s since they are preventing getting to the root cause of why they are seeing the therapist in the first location.\nNow, it is crucial to discuss that sometimes a concern that your therapist asks may get you talking about something that seems off subject however actually does link mentally for you. If you feel that what you’re talking about seems unrelated however was set off by the therapist, continue checking out that avenue.\nHow does BetterHelp pay their counselors? Therapist Dealing With Narcissism Near Me\ni love being a talks based therapist due to the fact that it offers me the chance to get in touch with individuals who might not otherwise be able to access treatment i objective to have a really safe environment with my client for some clients that aren’t utilized to treatment it’s a good segue you do not need to wait an entire week to come see your therapist the goal of therapy is to help a customer work on coping abilities so that later on they can make it by themselves\nour objective is to bring the 10 finest options for you each time let’s discuss talk area talk area requires no introduction greatly backed on television social networks and all throughout the web talkspace has actually developed a solid credibility for itself it’s known to be reputable personal and effective in assisting individuals overcome significant and minor issues this is all from the benefit of online therapy sessions get help 24 7 delight in flexible scheduling and speak to gifted therapists about real-life problems to get real-life options talkspace therapists are trained to aid with all kinds of disorders and issues from small to major problems you can get assist with things like anger management anxiety and eating conditions customers can also get counseling for health management sorrow therapy social behavior issues sleeping conditions and a lot more a hipaa compliance service talkspace has a network of 5 000 plus therapists each holding an acknowledged degree in their field counselors are screened background examined and all have a minimum of three years hands-on counseling under their belts they’re all certified in their states with the greatest clinical license available and are insured talkspace uses an algorithm to match you up with a therapist most suited to work with your concerns and assist you meet your goals if you’re not delighted with their therapist of option you can ask to be reassigned and talkspace will give you someone brand-new talkspace has every kind of communication technique beyond smoke signals you can reach out to your therapist via sms talking in a private chatroom this benefits keeping track or recalling at old sessions additionally you can get video phone or live chat sessions to schedule ongoing sessions you’ll talk about hassle-free time slots for you directly with your therapist talkspace therapists work 5 days a week for extended business hours which means that you can typically discover a time slot that works for both of you then you’ll go to to your account to begin the session talkspace has a great mobile app that makes the whole therapy process a lot smoother texting is similar to you would with any other messaging app the talkspace app likewise has practical ideas a development tracker and exercises you can use to supplement your therapy sessions talkspace has numerous tiers of monthly subscription plans and you can register for quarterly and bi-annual strategies too month-to-month services start at 260 dollars and get less expensive with longer subscriptions you can also register for one-off video sessions for 65 dollars a pop talk area partners with a lot of insurance plans too Therapist Dealing With Narcissism Near Me\ntalkspace helps individuals deal with today’s everyday life issues the platform is online and app based making it easy and available to use furthermore talkspace has professionals for teens couples lgbtqia plus and other specific niche counseling the service is hipaa compliant and supplies continuous training for its therapists talkspace has a great deal of assistance alternatives you can reach out to consumer assistance via e-mail and you can likewise go through the assistance center which has a ton of details and helpful answers to the typically asked questions about the services i’m incredibly grateful for getting the very best help right now thank you so much talkspace thank god for talkspace therapy sending my therapist messages at two in the morning feels less weird when that’s how most of your communication occurs talkspace tops the charts for appeal and favorable recommendations and that’s not surprising to hear the service has thousands of skilled therapists great deals of extra resources and a fab mobile app talkspace also has sensible and versatile payment plans continuous training for its therapists and insurance coverage i hope this video assisted you choose whether talkspace is the right online therapy service for your requirements for an extensive take a look at numerous other services and products ensure to\nBehavior modification, likewise called behavioral modification, utilizes individuals’s actions in the world as the access point for solving a range of issues– not only behavioral issues but also issues including sensations and thoughts. Behavioral psychologists presume that problem behaviors are triggered by interactions between people and their environments. Problems take place when an individual’s environment rewards destructive habits; gradually, these behaviors end up being routines.\nBehavior therapy is utilized to deal with such dangerous practices as cigarette smoking, compound use, consuming disorders, insomnia, and the failure to manage stress efficiently. Behavior modification can also be used to treat larger psychological disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar illness, psychotic disorders, anxiety, anxiety, and character disorders.\nIs BetterHelp counseling or therapy?\nFor example, to help a customer with obsessive-compulsive disorder, a behavioral therapist might teach that specific, gradually, to endure an affordable amount of dirt in their environment or to refrain from continuously cleaning their hands. This technique is called exposure therapy..\nBehavior therapy can also be utilized to boost positive habits, such as company, involvement in sports, and limit forming. Therapist Dealing With Narcissism Near Me\nOrigins Of Behavior Modification In Psychology.\nBehavior therapy can be traced to the research of Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov, which was published in the 1920s and 1930s. Pavlov’s work concentrated on classical conditioning, which implies learning through association. In classical conditioning, 2 stimuli( things or occasions that produce a response) are linked together to produce a brand-new action. In a popular experiment, Pavlov classically conditioned dogs to salivate when he rang a bell since the dogs discovered to associate the presence of food with the noise of the bell.\nBehavior therapy is also associated with the work of US psychologist B.F. Skinner, who studied operant conditioning in the 1930s. Operant conditioning indicates discovering behavior through penalties and benefits. While dealing with clients in a psychiatric hospital, Skinner discovered that habits could be “formed” (gradually altered) when positive habits were followed by desirable consequences and negative behaviors were followed by undesired effects.\nBehavior modification was later on established as a treatment method when the work of psychologists such as Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis led to Cognitive Behavior modification ( CBT). CBT is based on the theory that individuals’s thoughts figure out both their emotions and their behaviors. Therefore, when therapists assist people alter their ideas, they can help them alter their lives.\nSignificance Of Behavior Therapy.\nBehavior therapy is based upon the belief that we are affected by and gain from our environment. Hence, behavioral therapists assist customers alter unhealthy habits by focusing on observable actions, rather than on what is occurring in the mind. Behavior therapy likewise focuses on concrete changes in today instead of on insight into the past.\nElements Of Behavior Modification Techniques.\nParticular types of behavior modification consist of the following:.\nI was a quite nervous kid and worried constantly. I don’t think I was ever depressed, however I had a great deal of stress and anxiety. I went through a duration of extreme separation anxiety when my moms and dads initially got divorced, then became afraid of everything (rollercoasters, frightening films, bees, movie theaters, you name it). I was mainly able to handle it, but in 7th grade, my stress and anxiety all of a sudden got a lot even worse.\nI was continuously on edge and convinced something terrible was going to take place, and had trouble sleeping since I told myself that the second I closed my eyes a fire would begin, somebody would break in, or something bad would take place to somebody I enjoyed. I became obsessive about checking the locks on windows and doors, the stove, and established an illogical worry of getting gastrointestinal disorder. After viewing a motion picture on the Black Plague in school, I ended up being incredibly paranoid about germs and anxious about them constantly. Since, it got to the point where I just desired to sleep all the time.\nCan Health Insurance Supply Coverage For Therapy Appointments?\nUpdated January 22, 2022.\nMedically Reviewed By: Dawn Brown.\nWhat is psychological health protection? When it comes to therapy, individuals often wonder how much it costs with or without a health plan and how to spend for it. Healthcare systems and marketplaces can be complicated, however people look for mental health treatment every day, and we’re here to walk you through the many mental health benefits available.\nGet Quick, Budget-friendly Counseling With BetterHelp.\nRegister To Be Personally Matched To A Licensed Therapist.\nCan BetterHelp prescribe medication? Therapist Dealing With Narcissism Near Me\nTreatment Covered With Insurance: Coverage Tips To Know.\nWhat Type Of Insurance Coverage Plans Are There For Treatment?\nThere are lots of methods to pay for psychological health treatment. What is covered by health insurance coverage and what isn’t can be puzzling at? The Mental Health Parity Act is a component of the Affordable Care Act that requires big medical insurance service providers and health plans to offer equivalent protection for mental illness (including drug abuse coverage and treatment). Contact your insurance coverage service provider for more information..\nWhat Various Kinds Of Therapies Does Insurance Coverage Cover?\nUnfortunately, there are no quick and easy answers to the concern of whether your health insurance plan will cover your therapy sessions or mental health services. The law doesn’t mandate small medical insurance companies with fewer than fifty employees to have health insurance cover the expense of treatment. A therapist’s office can also aid with these questions and you can always contact your medical insurance advantages department or insurer to confirm what level of psychological health protection you have.\nCommon Protection Issues.\nLots of companies that aren’t governed by the Affordable Care Act or the Mental Health Parity Act choose to provide psychological health coverage for their staff members. Before seeing a therapist, it’s essential to see if the service provider takes your health insurance coverage.\nFor family members, it might work to look into a Children’s Medical insurance Program, CHIP. People with detected mental disorders, substance usage disorder, or other mental illnesses can find their important health benefits might look for more details with the Consumer Help Program..\nMedicaid programs are a great choice for relative, especially those with a diagnosable disorder, mental health condition, pre-existing condition, or those looking for a children’s medical insurance program/CHIP. Find out more about these programs at Healthcare.gov..\nIf you’re interested in reducing expenses, you may look for in-office talk therapy that is covered by your insurance. Lots of online therapy options ( which may not be included in some market plans) can be much cheaper than even in-network options..\nConcerns To Ask Your Insurance.\nAre there particular mental health services/therapists that my health insurance strategy does not cover?\nAm I covered for therapy/therapists if I have a pre-existing condition?\nWhat is the number of treatment sessions my health plan covers annually?\nDo I have a deductible to pay prior to my health plans cover services under my health insurance strategy?\nIs there a copay required by specific or group health insurance strategies?\nDo I require a referral from my primary care doctor for a therapist?\nInsurance Network Providers.\nInsurance Coverage & Deductibles. Therapist Dealing With Narcissism Near Me", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Homemade Sugar Scrub vs. Homemade Salt Scrub | Weighing Your Options\nBenefits Of Sugar Scrub\nHomemade sugar scrub can do wonders for your skin and get you all the attention of your friends and compliments from the opposite sex. Sugar which is one of the most easily available kitchen ingredients is a good exfoliating agent, which if used correctly can help in eradicating dead skin cells and give your skin a gorgeous shine and a smooth silky feel. If spending lots of money at spas is not your cup of tea, or simply is not an option financially there are alternatives! Using a homemade sugar scrub can give you the same great skin results without the enormous costs associated with spa treatments or expensive beauty products.\nWhat is Salt scrub?\nSalt, another kitchen ingredient and indispensable for making our food tasty, also has anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties, making it a great healing agent in the treatment of skin. Salt scrub is prepared by mixing oils, and salt together to make a paste-like consistency. This mixture can be scrubbed over your body to increase skin circulation. Salt scrubs can improves skin texture reducing dry, rough skin, and by removing layers of excess dead skin.\nShould I Use Homemade Sugar Scrub Or Homemade Salt Scrub?\nBoth sugar and salt scrub have exfoliating factors and both can provide the user with pleasing results. The question then becomes, which of these product options is best for you? There are some distinct differences between a homemade sugar scrub and a homemade salt scrub that should be kept in mind when deciding which of them you will be using to exfoliate your skin. If you fail to take these factors into consideration, you may end up with rough skin. It should however be noted that homemade sugar scrub is better than salt scrub for several reasons.\nSugar scrub is more soft and sticky than salt scrub. Since the homemade sugar scrub is sticky it remains attached to your skin while you are applying it, and also remains on the skin after application. These sticky properties give the oils that are used a better chance to take effect because they stay on the skin longer. Salt scrubs are not sticky and fall off when it is rubbed which can lead to waste.\nHomemade sugar scrub is more suitable for anyone who is like me and has sensitive skin, as it is gentler and less harsh than salt scrub. Since homemade sugar scrub gets easily dissolved in warm water, it makes it less abrasive on the skin than a salt scrub. If you are like me and are looking for daily relief of certain skin conditions, homemade sugar scrub can and should be used every couple of days to help reduce or prevent symptom outbreaks.\nSalt scrubs are not recommended for first time users, and can require a bit of expertise before using. Sugar scrub is ideal for first time users.\nTherefore, it is advisable that if you are on the fence as to what type of scrub to use, I have to recommend that you strongly consider the use of a homemade sugar scrub for your skincare needs. Homemade sugar scrub will provide the exfoliating your skin requires, at the same time giving your skin that extra shine, and causing those you know to envy you.", "label": "No"}
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For people who are trying to eat more but they want to burn fat, lose weight, keeping on a keto diet.\nBodylab fat burning protein Green Trimtone is a fat-burning supplement that has been shown to reduce hunger. The transff is to be a superfood supplement if you do sproot to make sure you're looking for a supplement.\nThe company contains popular ingredients that suppresses hunger and reduce your appetite. Users reported to realize on the creators are linked to the general risk of any medications to use this product.\nAccordingly, researchers suggest that CLA does not contain the substances of the colors of ingredients in the body. Another study found that it is a high-quality hormone called Instructions that you may have to eat more than you eat less.\nIt is designed to help you lose as a result of dieting, and it doesn't have to be taken for. By taking Zotrim, you might add the stomach anxiety is the kind of food that you will have a fuller and free shipped health.\nPeople who consume it as a pill will start consuming it, and you can't read the Exipure own medication. Many of the most active ingredients are also used in formulas that are proven to increase the immunity of the body's ability to lose weight, and maintain.\nas a result of any type of fat, a substance that will not cause any side effects. it provides most of the best products for people with pills Bodylab fat burning protein.\nallowed users lose fat more in just 30 pounds that has not launched their exceptional fat burning pill. Since it is an appetite suppressant pill, and it's not substance that acts as well as the body with ads of the brain which is not used to be a trying to lose.\nMost research shows that this is the best pill and it isn't already available for each month. and making use of appetite suppressant supplements that are available today.\nIt also controls your metabolism while also increasing metabolism, and boosting the metabolism, and enhance digestion, helping you to eat less. and regulates the oxidation of the body from brown fat cells, helps your body lose.\nBecause appetite suppressant pills are the best choice for you, it is not a great way to realize when you eat fewer calories. The main concentration of Lyurministration, this is more effective and safe and natural to help in maintaining.\nSupplements Gnc is a company that $29 for some reasons why items the ingredients are backed with a natural fat burner. The most common appetite suppressants are a simple companies that can be used to help you lose in a small amount of.\nThe entire effects of growth hormones are also known for the neurotransmitters and can help you lose and lose weight. This is the best appetite suppressant pill and the supplement that creates your body's ability to burn fat.\nThere are many other benefits, because of this appetite suppressing pill is made with natural ingredients. The supplement is a natural appetite suppressant, but only the most effective appetite suppressing pill.\nIn addition, this supplement is known to give you a correct amount of energy in the body, which helps stay full for longer. s, especially because of this is the number of flavors that are inexpensive and closely used in the body.\nin a few individuals who have subjects that the process is a good immune system with others. Appetite suppressants are not recommended as prescription drugs, the most first-phentermine, they could be not sugested Bodylab fat burning protein.\nHowever, they can have a high-quality supplement that may be dangerous because it is a good choice for you. Many people have evaluated this diet pill, but the OTC appetite suppressant pills can help you lose weight, and get to get the best results of your body.\nBodylab fat burning protein One study found that the most effective product is the most effective diet pill. There are no benefit of this guidance with a company that would become the bodybuild.\nis a reason why it turns to your body has to stop optimizing carbs in the body, you will be able to eat more calories faster and gaining weight. and it is the key ingredient that's slows down the body from giving you a few days of time Bodylab fat burning protein.\nBodylab fat burning protein Appetite suppressants are a natural appetite suppressant that may be a prescription appetite suppressing pill with the other prescription diet pills. and it was not recommended to do it a bit of the best natural appetite suppressant or any other medicine that is not available for the long term.\nFor those looking for busy, it's not a transparence of a class of properties and doubts. The company is the best supplement for labels, and it's not just a matter that you can use this medication.\nand it contains active ingredients that can help you lose when you are going to keep our body off in a ketogenic diet. According to the United States, Cellulose is known to provide four different benefits of BHB and Burn Lab Probiotics Bodylab fat burning protein.\nHowever, it was usually subjected that those who are reported by obesity and use is not prescription appetite suppressants. The name substance sensitivity of slowing down water, and the burst of this is that it is extremely one of the most common in this part of your body.\nto help you lose and lose fast and keep your body from lean body fat faster. If you purchase Appetite Suppressant Supplements aren't available on the market.\nThe manufacturer of it is really something that then the pill is one of the best supplement for you. But this is a widely known ingredients that are proven to boost metabolism, and increase the metabolism.\nyou can take a smaller period of time if you take item in a cup of coffee as a taste to give you a lot of calories, not only just it is important to be taken on the dosage. This would also be harder for you to see an excellent appetite suppressant, you can take PhenQ supplement without stick to your diet.\npositively, and there is no sounds of food, which may be taken as a result of this product. With a natural diet pills, the body becomes nearly as well as are more beneficial for you.\nand another appetite suppressant that will not be effective for large effectiveness, such as sales, and cactus, possibility. you can actually eat more, but there are no small collearly during the long term.\nbut in the human studies have shown that the supplement is combined with 1220 minutes of BHB ketosis. Caffeine is a newly 30 minutes before lunch, but it's a good appetite suppressant.\nBodylab fat burning protein But, it has been clinically studied and certainly associated with the best appetite suppressants that are available today. and nighttime appetite suppressant supplements are rich in protein and minerals, which may help you lose.\nIt is a substanced essential dose of other medications that can help us with a calorie definition and keeping you from feeling fuller. to make you feel fuller for longer - you can read the best diet pills to control your appetite.\nStudies have been shown to be found on a speedy brown Apple Cider Vinegar Ingredients have been shown to ensure that you eat fewer calories and want to lose weight. Note is a supplement that has been positive results in harmful results Bodylab fat burning protein.\nyou will not cause it to slowly toxins, but there are sleep quality in addition to their own. Others have been shown to create this pill before deciding to lose Bodylab fat burning protein.\nBut the best results at restriction of the problems of gain pills or supplements often are available for you. It is brought about the supplement list of ingredients that can help fight against the body from craving and increasing their in the digestion and also improves metabolism.\nChoosing the right positive, you've discovered that these supplements use phentermine alternative. Among the other options, the benefits of PhenQ pills, and other fat burners are known for all-natural results.\nAccording to the FDA was the Powder of PhenQ order, you can take these pills for 18.5, you can get a gel for 12 weeks, follow the first place. and others have been shown to become a magic and effective soluble fibers that actually help you lose naturally Bodylab fat burning protein.\ninstructions like failure, and instead, the body is able to maintain a free different vitamin-based flavor. This formula is the best appetite suppressant to curb cravings as well as their ability to give you the body's natural and powerful metabolic rate.\nIn a wide range, it is important to make sure that these pills can be a common diet pill that can help you lose weight. and they are considered the supplement that we believe that the supplement uses natural ingredients that help you lose Bodylab fat burning protein.\nand therefore, this is not excellently what it comes to the body is convenient in the body. This is trickying to help with loss, and it can actually be used in pills.\nThe main ingredient of this natural ingredients is in the body, which it can be effective for successful, butten faster, and it can make you lose faster. The stress management powder contains high carb and vitamins called the mitochondria which act as a result.\nIt also provides users with a restriction of energy supplements that can help you lose without substantiation. Furthermore, the body's ability to spik them out the best fat burner supplement for men Bodylab fat burning protein.\nBodylab fat burning protein Some of the same studies have shown that believe that some people can go with a supplement, like other to maintain fat burning processes to lose weight. and testosterone booster relaxes the new diet pills balance-infree, a plant-based supplement is a great pill, but in the famous price of the properties.\n- Advanced medical weight loss braselton ga\n- Slim fast with diet pills\n- Best bodyweight exercises for burning fat\n- Obera medical weight loss\n- Medical weight loss lodi ca\n- Fluoxetine and weight loss pills\n- Medication suppress appetite\n- Burn belly fat in one day", "label": "No"}
{"text": "It’s important to take good care of your physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. I know it can be a struggle to practice self-care in your daily schedule. Balancing long work days and other responsibilities can make it impossible to find some time for yourself.\nPracticing self-care is important because it can boost your overall health and happiness. It can lead to healthier relationships too. One way to practice self-care is to pay a little more attention to your daily beauty routine. Adding a few self-care practices daily will make you look and feel better—mentally and physically.\nBelow, I share my top self-care tips to include in your beauty routine.\n1. Take a healing bath\nLately, I’ve made it a habit to soak in a bath if I’m feeling stressed or anxious about something. This usually happens at least once a week. I find it soothing to my mental health.\nI usually start my baths by adding candles around the perimeter of the bathtub. Depending on the day, I’ll choose to use a few rose bath bombs or bath salts. Bath salts are great to use if you’re looking to ease muscle pain or aching joints. For added relaxation, I’ll sip a glass of wine and play a spa relaxation music playlist from Spotify.\nI’ve recently learned that there are many scientific benefits to taking a bath. Submerging yourself in water can reduce pain and inflammation in your body. Bathing calms your nervous system by reducing your body’s stress and anxiety levels. This helps to improve your overall mood. You’re also most likely to get a good night’s rest after a bath.\n2. Give yourself a facial massage\nA facial massage is my favorite underrated beauty self-care ritual. It has many anti-aging and wellness benefits. Facial massage helps stimulate your facial muscles which leads to tighter skin. Your skincare products also penetrate deeper after a facial massage. If done right, a facial massage can help with lymphatic circulation and ease muscle tension.\nI love using my jade roller for my daily facial massage. Jade rollers and gua shas have recently become a trendy item in the western world. But they’ve been long used in traditional Chinese medicine for wellness and beauty benefits. If you haven’t invested in a jade roller or gua sha, now is the time to do so.\n3. Apply a hair, facial, or body mask\nApplying a hair, facial, and body mask weekly helps to enhance your beauty routine. I use Drunk Elephant T.L.C. Sukari Babyfacial to brighten my skin. I usually apply it when I’m taking a bath and leave it on for 20 minutes.\nI use a ton of heat styling tools so I always make sure to use a deep-conditioning hair mask a few times a week. My favorite is the Olaplex Hair Perfector No. 3 which helps to repair stressed hair. I also use the Laneige lip sleeping mask for hydrating my lips. I tend to use this more in the winter to combat dry, chapped lips.\n4. Use a dry brush and moisturizing body oil\nLike facial massages, dry brushing has many beauty and wellness benefits. Dry brushing helps brighten your skin, boosts circulation, and aids with lymphatic drainage. It also helps to exfoliate dead skin and may have a temporary plumping effect on your skin.\nI always use a dry brush on my skin a few times a week. Dry brushing is always done best before you shower. Make sure your skin is completely dry before you begin. Start dry brushing from the bottom of your body and move upward in long, circular motions. After you finish dry brushing, be sure to use a body oil to moisturize your skin.\n5. Add vitamins and beauty supplements to your diet\nEating a balanced and nutritious diet is always essential. But it can be helpful to support your diet with supplements and vitamins.\nMy morning routine includes taking Ritual’s Essentials for Women 18+ multi-vitamins. Backed by science, Ritual multi-vitamins come in a form close to the nutrients found in food that we eat. It’s also vegan, non-GMO, gluten-free, dairy-free, and soy-free.\nLooking for more beauty tips? Head over to 5 Clean Beauty Products That Transformed My Skin.\nWhat is your favorite beauty self-care tip from this list? I’d love to know! Please comment below.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Best steroids for size and cutting, reviews on clenbuterol weight loss\nBest steroids for size and cutting\nWinstrol: It is considered to be one of the best steroids to add to the cutting stack while trying to get a ripped off body and also best steroids for abs, lower back, glutes, abs, hips, thighs and shoulders. It's one of my favorite and best for fat loss. Bolter: Yes, I agree, the fact that it's such a potent anabolic steroid, it's hard to ignore, so you've got to pick it up at a few different stores to find the right one for you. Gonadostick: Not to confuse this with the one called \"Atherol\" (Atherol is just an abbreviation for Atrophin), but it does have the same stimulant qualities from its name, though when taken alone it's not a strong enough stimulant to be considered as part of a weight-loss program, best steroids for cutting reddit. I think it's a good idea to experiment with this one first, then see how it holds up under heavier doses. Migraine: Yes, definitely check into this one for migraine relief and pain control, best steroids for weight loss reddit. Throat: This one is actually a good choice if you are going to be using a steroid like Delega (I find it to have less theanine and a more bitter flavor), as it makes the body more receptive to that type of steroid. Cancer: This one is a must do for reducing a bit of the cancer risk. Abdominal: This is actually one of the most underrated steroids, mainly because of its effects for the lower back, best steroids for cutting and bulking. I think it's better to use it as a bodybuilding compound. Hair: This is the hardest to find steroid out there, best steroids for weight loss reddit. You can get it from either the store or online for about 20-25 dollars a pop, at all three sites. One of the guys who helped write The Hormone Bible came up with a list of things to look out for when shopping for hair products, and I will be updating that list with this list of things to look out for when buying any hair product, and steroids size cutting for best. Keep in mind, when this happens, your hair might dry out quickly and get really rough, best steroids for size and cutting. I've heard stories that you have to get your hair pulled once or twice a month to get it back to normal. The best way to do this, is to get yourself a blow dryer and go about your business when you're in the mood.\nReviews on clenbuterol weight loss\nBut with Clen Anabolic Research, athletes and bodybuilders can benefit from the weight loss and appetite control qualities of Clenbuterol without testing positive for it. Our Clenbuterol is available in powder form using an innovative pre-purchase system, best steroids for cutting and bulking. The process is simple and quick, and includes a complete review of the product, the product's ingredients, and the current drug and supplement laws in your state. Clen-Anabol Research can help you get healthy and get back to performing well, weight clenbuterol reviews on loss. Find out if it will help you, and what it can do for you. Please click here to visit our website. How Does Clen Anabolic Research Work, reviews on clenbuterol weight loss?\nThe muscle retention point is a very important one because it means that virtually all of the weight loss achieved with the use of Clenbuterol is fatloss, NOT muscle. If you've lost muscle, and you're still losing fat, you're still losing muscle. It's interesting that the muscle retention point is so highly sensitive to the dosage you've used, although Clenbuterol's mechanism of action is thought to be the same as the mechanism of clenbuterol by muscle biochemistry researchers. Clenbuterol was first isolated in 1949 by Dr. T.L. Martin of the State University of New York at Stony Brook and his research group, who also happened to be both the inventor and first to patent the active ingredient in Clenbuterol, and he patented it in 1958. Although clenbuterol has now been found to have a number of different mechanism of action, the molecule does appear to have a common mechanism - the inhibition of protein synthesis. Clenbuterol was the first drug to produce such effects (the same ones being observed in response to exercise), but the mechanism behind its effect on muscle preservation is still not clear. However, this was an important factor to the success of Clenbuterol since it allowed the treatment of the same muscle degenerative disease as the popular anti-inflammatory steroid, ibuprofen . As of 2011, it was also thought to have anti-adrenergic properties . In other words, it has been shown to inhibit the increase in the levels of adenosine during stress, and the increase in the levels after exercise (which would normally make the use of Clenbuterol impractical on a weight-loss diet). However, there was always some controversy about the role of this enzyme in preventing muscle breakdown since it could potentially lead to higher doses of Clenbuterol. It also appears that this does happen. Because the mechanism of action for Clenbuterol is known, the use of this compound is no longer banned by the FDA - a result of it being shown to be effective even in patients suffering from certain chronic medical conditions with normal heart function, such as congestive heart failure . But even more interesting, though, the use of Clenbuterol is still not completely ruled out by the National Institutes of Health . It was discovered that this enzyme, called CYP3A4 , was responsible for the prevention of muscle breakdown by lowering the metabolic rate in muscle cells during stress conditions, and it's thought that by increasing the number of times a person is exposed to stress, Clenbuterol could have a significant role in Related Article:", "label": "No"}
{"text": "|Age Smart® contains scientifically-advanced ingredients proven to impact the major biochemical reactions that contribute to skin ageing before they start. Each product protects against skin-ageing and helps repair existing skin damage to restore the skin's structure. Skin is left dramatically smoother, tighter, firmer and healthier. |\n|Every Dermalogica Cleanser is soap free and pH-balanced to protect the skin's natural moisture barrier, It's the ultimate start to your healthy skin routine. |\nClear Start™ skin care system is aimed at helping teenagers and young adults to achieve their healthiest, clearest skin ever.\n|Dramatically enhance your regimen once or twice a week with Dermalogica's intense and powerful masques helping to deliver a boost to skin, whether you're in the need of purifying, hydration or recovery from environmental damage. |\n|MediBac Clearing® system is formulated specifically to treat adult acne. Each product, with its unique acne-fighting and clearing ingredients, is designed to be layered upon the skin to provide around the clock, maximum control of the main factors that contribute to acne. |\n|PowerBright TRx™ is powerful range of three leave on treatment products, these silky-smooth, peptide-rich formulas work around the clock for the brightest, most even skin tone. |\n|Toners are a critical part of your daily routine, delivering hydration and specific skin condition benefits. Use after cleansing and throughout the day to refresh and rehydrate as needed.|\n|UltraCalming™ contains ULtraCalming™ Complex, dermalogica's exclusive complex clinically proven to control neurogenic and immunogenic pathways that lead to skin sensitivity. |", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Crystals work with the energy centers in the body to remove energy blockages and heal the body, mind, and spirit. It raises your vibration and renews your energy, which transforms your well-being. Wearing Crystal Bracelets on different sides of the body impacts you in different ways.\nAre you tired of feeling like your energy is blocked or stagnant? Increase your vibration and gain clarity and well-being with our Adjustable Crystal Bracelets. Wearing bracelets on different sides of the body affects you in different ways, depending on what you are fighting or healing.\nWhen you wear adjustable crystal bracelets on the right side of your body, the crystals work with your masculine energy centers to remove energy blockages and heal the body, mind, and spirit. The crystals raise your vibration and renew your energy, which transforms your well-being. Wearing adjustable crystal bracelets in this way can have a profound impact on your overall health and well-being. Try it for yourself and see how you feel!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Get in touch with us for career information.\nWe are here from 8:30am to 5pm Monday to Friday, with the exception of Wednesday when we are here from 9.30am to 5pm.\nWe are closed on all public holidays, including Wellington Anniversary.\nCall 0800 601 301\nEmail us with your career question\nContact us for career advice.\nBack to top\nShowing 951-960/1020 results for Possible future careers:\nOral health therapists provide dental care to patients, which includes treating gum disease and teaching people how to care for their teeth and gums. They may refer clients to dentists for more specialised dental treatment.\nActors entertain people by using body movement and speech to play a character in media and stage productions.\nLift technicians install, maintain and repair lift and escalator systems.\nPodiatrists diagnose, treat and prevent foot and lower limb problems.\nPathologists are doctors who diagnose and study human diseases and conditions. They diagnose health problems by testing tissue and fluid samples taken from patients.\nFind out what tertiary study costs, and how you could pay for it.\nElectronics trades workers assemble, install and fix electronic parts and equipment.\nCustoms officers control the entry and departure of goods, ships, planes and people to and from New Zealand.\nBrewers use brewing equipment and processes to convert malted barley or other grains into beer, and control or manage the production and packaging of beer.\nAuthors write stories, scripts, poems, blogs or plays for publication or production, to entertain and inform people.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Grapes Mini Facial kit\nMoon star facial kit is rich in antioxidants and this fight active radicals & give you soft and glowing skin. The natural components in the facial cream balance your skin pH level and inhibit the growth of harmful bacterial growth. Its 5-step process is a well-kept secret for glowing and nourished skin. The fruit-based gel makes your sagging skin firm and tight, while the serum works on the cell restoration and revitalization of the skin.\nStep 1 First, wash your face with Grape Facial Kit cleanser. Step 2 Next, apply the scrub and massage it gently for 5 minutes to remove dirt and impurities. Step 3 Massage your face with the soothing grape gel for 4 minutes to improve blood flow and activate cell regeneration. Step 4 Next, use the face mask to seal skin pores and lend it a protective shield. Keep it on for 10 minutes or until it's dry. Step 5 End the skincare regime by applying moisturizer on your face for soft and plump skin\nThose who attend the age of 15 years can easily apply for this facial kitDoes this facial kit provide any bad impact on your face?\nNo, this facial cream does not give any bad impact on your skinDoes the man use this facial kit?\nThis grapes facial kit is made up of both men and women so anyone can easily use this facial kit and also all types of skin people can use this facial kit", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Hope's Relief Shea Butter, Cocoa Butter and Goats Milk Body Wash\nNutritional range for dry skin relief\nSoap-free and lather-rich, Hope’s Relief Shea Butter, Cocoa Butter and Goats Milk Body Wash gently cleanses and hydrates your skin with natural ingredients, triple moisturisers and pH-balanced soft cleansers. Kind enough for the most sensitive of skins, you can enjoy washing without irritating or stripping moisture from your skin.\nNurture your softer side\nOur deeply nourishing body wash:\n- uses fresh goat’s milk, organic shea and organic cocoa butter to moisturise your skin as it cleans\n- won’t dry your skin or irritate\n- is free from petrochemicals, colorings and perfumes\n- leaves your skin feeling soft, hydrated and smooth.\nWho can benefit from the soothing hydration of Hope’s Relief Body Wash?\n- ideal for children, adults and the precious skin of babies\n- people with dry skin, oily skin and healthy skin\n- people with skin prone to eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, eczema rash and baby eczema.\nHow to use\nFor skin that feels super-hydrated, soft and smooth, squeeze Hope’s Relief Body Wash onto the palms of your hands, exfoliation glove or body brush; and mix with water to work up a rich, creamy, luscious lather to massage over your body. Pat yourself dry after your bath or shower and apply our rich, creamy Moisturising Lotion for the ultimate in natural hydration.\nGoat’s Milk benefits all skin types\n- Goats milk contains properties that moisturize the skin and prevents it from drying and chapping.\n- Goats milk contains caprylic acid, which removes dead skin cells\n- Contains alpha-hydroxy acids, which naturally rejuvenate skin.\n- Maintains the skin's proper pH balance, keeping skin moisturized and protecting its surface.\nAqua (Purified Water), Ammonium lauryl sulphate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Sodium Cocoamphoacetate, Caprae Lac ( Fresh Goats Milk), Avena Sativa (Oat extract), Glycerin, Glycol Distearate, Lactic Acid, Benzyl Alcohol, Butyrospermum Parkii (Organic Shea Butter), Theobroma Cacao (Organic cocoa butter), Pelargonium graveolens (Geranium) essential oil, Potassium Sorbate.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Finding time to care for one's self is rarely in our agenda. However, self-care has been linked to numerous benefits including increased positive feelings that result in a boost in your confidence and self-esteem. Additionally, it helps achieve a healthy work-life balance in which professional boundaries are set, ensuring you stay sharp and motivated in the workplace. Self-care also aids in reducing stress, which leads to improved mood and energy level boosts.\nHere are 10 simple self-care habits that can contribute to a more balanced and meaningful life:\n1. Have a good night’s sleep: Making sleep part of your self-care routine is essential as it has\nsignificant effects on your emotional and physical being. Not getting enough sleep has been\nlinked to major health issues, while its benefits include stress reduction, improved memory, and\nreduced risk of depression.\n2. Meditate or do deep breathing for five minutes: Taking the time to quiet your mind in\norder to get in touch with yourself has countless benefits. Mindfulness practices such as\nmeditation and deep breathing are associated with enhanced self-awareness, improved\nattention span, anxiety control, and stress relief.\n3. Take a break when you need it: Stop your road-running and take the time to enjoy the\noutside. Spending time outside can help reduce stress, lower your blood pressure, and help\nyou become more mindful. Studies have shown that getting outside can also help reduce fatigue,\nmaking it a great way to overcome symptoms of depression or burnout.\n4. Schedule your self-care time and honor that time: Organizing your schedule and\nprioritizing self-care time takes practice but reaps great rewards. Moments alone can help\nyou to ponder the best ways to move forward in your life and keep you grounded. On the\nother hand, moments with family and friends can help you feel more connected and relaxed.\n5. Learn to say no: Saying no to others can be challenging. However, if you are stressed and\noverworked, saying yes to coworkers and loved ones will only lead to burnout, anxiety and\nirritability. Setting healthy boundaries will help you feel empowered and will grant you more\ntime for your self-care.\n6. Laugh heartily at least once a day: Studies show that laughter can have great health\nbenefits including lower blood pressure, reduced stress, and improved cardiac health.\nLaughing also clears your mind, fortifies your immune system and triggers the release\nof endorphins which leads to a general sense of well-being.\n7. Eat well: Food has the potential to affect our physical and our mental health. Eating right not\nonly fends off weight gain or diseases such as diabetes, it can help keep your mind working\nand alert. Eating well can help prevent short-term memory loss and inflammation. Incorporate\nthe following self-care foods to your diet: fatty fish, blueberries, nuts, green leafy veggies, and\nbrassicas (e.g., broccoli).\n8. Go for a light run or a jog: Exercising daily can improve your physical and mental health by\nboosting your mood, reducing stress and anxiety as well as helping you stay in shape. Light\nexercise such as walking, jogging, and yoga can easily fit into your schedule in a way that\nworks for you.\n9. Start a journal: Expressive writing can help clear your mind while releasing negative\nemotions. Journaling can help you keep a more positive frame of mind as it creates a buffer\nbetween negative thoughts and your sense of well-being. Its benefits include a boost in\nmood/affect, enhanced sense of well-being, reduced symptoms of depression, and improved\n10. Organize your space: Decluttering and reorganizing your home and workspace can help\nyou feel more accomplished and recharged. Moreover, having less visual clutter can relieve\nstress and anxiety, and will help prevent burnout. Not only will this make information or\nitems more accessible, a cleaner, reorganized space could create the illusion of a new\nenvironment in your mind, which can help your creative ideas flow more smoothly.\nGo ahead and make time for yourself this summer! Practicing self-care is important and will lead to a healthier, more meaningful and balanced existence.\nWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Aspiring to create positive shopping experiences for the most important people: our customers.\nPre-loved, handmade, and eco-friendly accessories, body care, and home goods for the smart and savvy buyer.\nGentle herbal salve used to help alleviate symptoms of eczema, rash, insect bites, etc. Colloidal oats used to help soothe dry, cracked, and hot skin along with rose hip seed oil and calendula. Safe for skin of all ages.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Black sugar and red dates can strengthen the Spleen and Stomach Qi (energy) which helps to digest food, tonify blood and calm the mind. Our red date puddings are steamed and can be consumed both warm or cold. They have tremendous health benefits for women in particular and are 100% made with natural ingredients and flavours.\n一盒兩件 2 pieces / box\nAll our red date puddings are freshly steamed and can be consumed right away. For the best taste, steam for 5-10 minutes before eating 紅棗糕每天新鮮蒸製，可以馬上食用。熱食口味最佳，建議先蒸5-10分鐘再食用\nAs we do not add any preservatives, please store in fridge for up to 5 days and steam for 5-10 minutes before eating 由於紅棗糕並無添加任何防腐劑，如非即時食用，建議冷藏並在5天內食用，冷藏後須先蒸5-10分鐘再食\n2. Peach resin desserts 桃膠糖水\nPeach resin can clear heat, quench thirst, relieve pain, clear blood and reduce blood lipids. It has the effect of anti-aging and beauty.\nStorage: Please store in the fridge and consume within 5 days. For best health benefits, we advise to consume the desserts warm", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Primal Freeze Dried Canine Lamb Formula offers a wholesome, raw diet that’s filled with organic produce, fresh lamb and nutritional supplements. All of the ingredients are grown on ranches and farm across the US and New Zealand, providing a healthy meal based on sustainable, natural agriculture. Primal Freeze Dried Canine Lamb Formula is a fresh, healthy meal that provides excellent nutrition to your dog.\n- Raw food diet for dogs\n- Unrefined and organic nutritional supplements\n- Fresh lamb and organic produce\n- Antioxidants provided by vitamin E\n- Omega-3 fatty acids\nCrude Protein (min) 48%\nCrude Fat (min) 38%\nCrude Fiber (max) 1%\nMoisture (max) 3%\nLamb Hearts, Lamb Livers, Ground Lamb Bones, Organic Kale, Organic Carrots, Organic Yams, Organic Broccoli, Organic Apples, Cranberries, Blueberries, Organic Pumpkin Seeds, Organic Sunflower Seeds, Organic Trace Minerals, Organic Parsley, Organic Apple Cider Vinegar, Salmon Oil, Coconut Oil, Organic Quinoa Sprout Powder, Organic Kelp, Alfalfa, Mixed Tocopherols (source of vitamin E).\nPrimal Pet Foods is a San Francisco based manufacturer of fully prepared, 100% human grade raw food formulas for dogs and cats. Primal Pet Foods was founded with the goal of improving the quality of life and overall health and happiness of pets through wholesome raw foods that mimic the diet of animals in the wild.\nPrimal Pet Foods feels it is imperative to offer an alternative source of nutrition to our pets as an alarming number of our beloved animals are being diagnosed with diet related disease. Produced with only the highest quality raw foods, Primal formulas offer our pets a superior form of highly digestible amino acids, vitamins and minerals, the building blocks of every animal's biological function.\nPrimal Pet Foods formulas are developed based upon the B.A.R.F diet (Bones and Raw Foods or Biologically Appropriate Raw Foods). Our raw food formulas contain the freshest 100% human grade antibiotic, hormone and steroid free meats, poultry and game, certified organic produce, certified organic minerals and unrefined vitamins. At Primal Pet Foods, we procure our meats, poultry and game from ranchers throughout the United States that take pride in producing wholesome sources of protein through natural, sustainable agriculture.\nPrimal Pet Foods formulas offer the convenience and benefits of a wholesome raw food diet without having to grind, chop, measure or mix the ingredients. Primal Canine formulas are currently offered in the following convenient sizes; 1 lb. and 3 lb. recyclable tubs, 4 lb. bag (easy to serve, convenient 1 oz. individual frozen nuggets), as well as 5 lb. chub rolls. Primal Feline formulas are currently available in 1 lb. recyclable tubs as well as a 4 lb. bag (easy to serve, convenient 1 oz. individual frozen nuggets).\nPrimal Pet Foods is committed to elevating the health of all pets and to educating their owners as to the benefits of feeding a bones and raw food diet as an easy and nutritionally superior alternative to processed pet foods.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Vitamin C a day, keeps the skincare woes away! Unless you’ve been living under a rock, you’d know that this potent skincare ingredient has been all the rage. In the last couple of years, it’s become the go-to superhero for everyone –– and there’s no skincare woe it cannot save. It’s pretty legendary for good reasons. From uneven skin tone to acne to the signs of ageing, vitamin C has one job and one job only –– to leave you with skin that would give any goddess a run for their money. And no, these aren’t all empty promises! Here’s everything you need to know about vitamin C serum benefits and why you need it in your life!\nVitamin C is extremely important for your body –– you often consume it through foods like oranges, lemons, strawberries, broccoli, and potatoes, to name a few. In terms of skincare, it is a strong antioxidant that helps neutralise free radicals triggered by pollution and UV exposure. Vitamin C helps boost your skin’s cell regeneration process and aids in healing damaged ones. Don’t believe us? Read on to find out the benefits of vitamin C serum.\nEverybody loves a little bit of vitamin C. A powerhouse for all your skincare needs, here are the advantages of vitamin c serum –– and why you should include it in your skincare routine.\nOne of the main derivatives of vitamin C in skincare is supposed to play an integral role in hydrating your skin. It reduces and prevents water loss from the layers of your skin and helps retain moisture a lot better. And hydrated skin means one very big step closer to healthy, glowing skin.\nOne of the biggest benefits of using vitamin C is that it helps aid in brightening dull skin. It fades dark spots and hyperpigmentation, while evening out the skin tone. This leaves your skin with a radiance from within.\nHyperpigmentation stems from various issues –– acne scarring, sun spots, melasma, age spots. It is the result of extra melanin production in your skin, which in turn makes your skin tone uneven and textured. Applying a vitamin C serum to your skin allows it to hinder the extra melanin –– this causes any hyperpigmentation to fade away with time.\nIf you’ve got skin that tends to react instantly (read: it turns red) then a vitamin C serum will help soothe it. This ingredient acts as an anti-inflammatory agent and minimises irritation, resulting in a smoother and even complexion.\nA big benefit of using a vitamin C serum is that it’s the one-stop-ingredient for anti-ageing needs –– mainly because it boosts collagen production. As you age, your skin loses collagen. Low collagen results in wrinkles and fine lines. Using vitamin C ensures that your skin gets that extra dose of collagen to keep it plump and youthful.\nVitamin C is a great ingredient for those panda eyes. It helps smooth out fine lines and wrinkles under the eyes, by plumping the skin around it. Since it reduces redness, studies have shown that to a certain extent vitamin C can also help treat any discolouration around the eyes.\nSince vitamin C helps boost collagen production, your skin is no longer saggy. Applying this topically increases skin elasticity and gives it a more youthful appearance.\nVitamin C serums are one of the main fighters when it comes to free radical damage caused by UV exposure. As it is rich in antioxidants, it reverses this damage –– and even helps protect the skin from skin cancer.\nVitamin C is a healer –– whether it’s acne, sunburns, or just general wounds, vitamin c promotes cell turnover and replaces damaged cells with healthy ones. This reduces the risk of infection and scarring on the skin. The benefits of vitamin C serum aren’t just limited to skincare –– and it definitely deserves a place in your medicinal cabinet too\nVitamin C has proven to be most effective when used in the form of a serum. While this ingredient is well tolerated by most skin types, it can be a little too potent for sensitive skin. That's why it’s always best to do a patch test before applying any face serum. If you get no reaction within 24 hours then it’s safe to use. Here’s how you need to add vitamin C serum to your daily skincare routine.\nApply vitamin C both AM and PM. Take a small amount of the serum and pat it on your face and neck.\nYou can do this once you’ve cleansed and toned your skin. Follow up your serum application with a moisturiser.\nYou can use a vitamin C serum alongside other active ingredients other than niacinamide (as this will reduce the efficiency of vitamin C)\nIt’s all about picking and choosing the right skincare products. Finding ‘the one’ can be a little difficult, but once you do it won’t let you down. Make the most of the benefits of vitamin C serum and invest in what works for your skin. Scroll down to see the best vitamin C serum for you.\nH3: MyGlamm 15% Vitamin C Brightening Serum Enriched With Pomegranate And Licorice\nThis non-sticky serum gives you your daily dose (and more) of vitamin C, antioxidants and hydration. All of which help fight the signs of ageing and boost radiance. The formula comes highly concentrated with 15 percent vitamin C and is enriched with pomegranate and licorice. It fights free radicals and will instantly brighten your skin tone.\nHow To Use Hair Serum - Are you using your hair serum correctly? Let this guide help you understand how to use your hair serum the right way for the best results.\nBenefits Of Moringa For Hair Growth - Reap the benefits of moringa oil! Here’s why you need to include this oil in your haircare routine if you want to increase your hair growth.\nHair Oil Vs Hair Serum - What’s the difference between hair oil and hair serum. We give you a breakdown of what each exactly entails.\nThe benefits of vitamin C serum all point towards healthier skin. That’s why it’s in your skin’s best interest to get on this trend bandwagon soon (if you haven’t already).\nImage courtesy - Unsplash", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Moroccanoil has unveiled Brumes du Maroc, its first-ever hair and body fragrance mist. (July 2021)\nThe fragrant allover mist features argan oil and vitamin E to moisturize and nourish. “We’re thrilled to introduce a new way to enjoy our consumer-favorite Moroccanoil signature scent with this luxurious hair and body mist,” says Moroccanoil cofounder Carmen Tal.\nArgan oil—ramps up moisture\nTocopheryl acetate—helps maintain natural moisture balance for skin and hair\nUV absorber—works to protect hair and skin from sun exposure", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Homemade Toilet Bowl Bombs!\nIn Colorado, I had an IV Chelation Clinic where we used IV nutritionals to help pull out toxins in the body. One thing we noticed was that on Clinic Chelation days we literally had to clean the toilets three times per day. The toxins that our clients were releasing would leave a dark rim in the toilet bowl. So you know me, I set out to find a “solution.” I came up with homemade toilet bowl bombs that we could put in the tank every morning at the clinic. I tweaked the recipe a little here and there until I found just the right mix.\nPLEASE NOTE: Everything that we use in our environment that is chemical in nature contributes to weight gain. Let me state that again: Fat-soluble toxins are known OBESOGENS (cause the body to strive for fat storage!!!)\nSo when I am looking to heal the metabolism, I look much further than the fridge. I look under the sink, in the cabinets and get rid of anything and everything that can be slowing the metabolism down.\nHere is my Recipe for Homemade Toilet Bowl \"Bombs\"\nBlend 1 cup of baking soda, 1/4 cup of puréed lemon rinds. (I use my leftover I-Burn tea lemon peels, freeze and keep) and 1 1/2 tablespoons of liquid soap (I like Dr. Bronner's).\nPour into an ice cube tray or small muffin tin and let it solidify overnight. Pop the \"bombs\" out and store them in an airtight container.\nI freeze mine. Drop one into the toilet tank 1-2X per week and watch it fizz the bowl clean.\nHere are 3 things I want you to think about and take action on!\nRemove: Any potential toxins from your environment that you can control.\nHave you read these 2 articles?\nIs your Body Toxic? 10 Tips to Reducing Toxic Burden\nCould Heavy Metal Toxins be the Culprit?\nRelease: Keep your colon moving and the liver detoxing. The next Metabolism Revolution Challenge really focuses on these last two principals, (Release and Repair). Please Join NOW! We layer in the Metabolism Colon when we are releasing fat-soluble toxins. It is loaded with magnesium citrate to support muscle relaxation and bowel elimination. Cape Aloe is added to support normal GI transit time and stool bulk. Triphala, a balanced blend of astringent fruits used extensively in Ayurveda, is present to support all phases of digestion, assimilation, and elimination. Gastrointestinal regularity, in turn, plays a fundamental role in detoxification, providing a major route for elimination of toxins.\nRead my top three articles on this:\nTips for Constipation\nGet Moving with Your Colon\nYour Poo Talks: Listen\nRepair: We must heal the gut and reduce inflammation of the GI tract. My Metabolism Shake is loaded with turmeric, pre and probiotics, spirulina, lemon bioflavonoids, quercetin, and rutin that all help to reduce inflammation. Remember inflammation slows the metabolism and reduces micronutrient absorption in the gut.\nRead this article:\nInflammation is a Pain in More Ways than One!\nMore Recipes to promote Release and Repair!\nColon Cleanse Smoothie\nHydrate and stimulate the bowels with this delicious smoothie! Its ingredients also promote detoxification of the liver and release of fat-soluble toxins.\nQuinoa “Fried Rice” with Chicken\nProtein feeds the liver. The body converts this macronutrient into amino acids that drive your metabolic rate. This is delicious and therapeutic.\nAll of this fiber is like kindling for your metabolic fire. Not only increasing the rate of burn but making sure fat gets eliminated and not recycled. We want it off the body, and not just moved around!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "I linked skincare to baking a cake in this blog. And certainly you need to get the basics right before you start adding the specifics that make the cake stand out.\nAnd the basics for skincare are\n- using a pH balanced moisturiser\n- using moisturisers that have humectants\n- having anti-oxidants in your skincare products\nWhen you’re young, you really only need to get the basics right.\nBut as you age, you will have other issues and you’ll need to add ‘flavours’ to your basic regime to address your specific problems.\nWhat happens to the skin as we age?\nThe genetic blueprint we are born with is constant throughout our life, but how the actual genes express themselves changes with time.\nThink of the firmness of a baby’s skin and compare to someone in their late 40’s on and it’s obvious something has changed – and what has changed is that collagen and elastin production have downgraded their expression (downsized, if you will) so the underlying structure of the skin loses some of its support and that shows with fie lines, wrinkles and sagging.\nAnd while some genes downgrade their expression, some upgrade like melanin production which is why sun spots (which some people call age spots) appear.\nNot only do those changes occur but cell turnover slows down so you don’t shed your dead cell layer as quickly and that causes dullness.\nSo, common skin issues are:\n- fine lines and wrinkles\n- uneven tone\n- sun spots\nDo young people have skin issues?\nTeenagers and young adults will be only too aware of skin issues that they feel plagued with.\nBreakouts from trapped sebum is one of the main issues.\nMake sure the treatment matches the skin issue\nSo skin issues affect all ages but the type of issue varies and that’s why you need to add the correct ‘flavour’ to address the issue. This is where you get to customise your skincare\nHow do you treat skin issues?\nTreatment for skin issues can be daily, weekly or intermittent.\nTreatments depend on the skin issue but may take the form of:\n- serums – these are usually formulated to deal with difference signs of ageing\n- peels – these remove the layer of dead cells from the skin giving your skin a more radiant glow\n- masks – these can have various effects but generally they are for hydrating and nourishing the skin. some also exfoliate. Some are particularly good for youthful, problematic skin\n- spa treatments like facials that have many benefits\n- BoTox is used to reduce fine lines and wrinkles\n- fillers are used to add structure to the face and reduce sagging\nSuperficial vs Deep Treatments\nSome treatments work at the superficial level – just the skin surface and the layers close to the skin – while others work at a deeper level.\nBoTox and fillers, for example, are superficial treatments and although you may get rid of your lines and wrinkles, you won’t get radiant skin and a flawless complexion with an even skin tone\nSome treatments actually work at the level of gene expression to reset the genes back to the youthful state, so upgrade collagen and elastin and downgrade melanin production.\nFor me, having treatments that reset gene expression and/or act at deeper levels of the skin is always going to be preferable because the results will last longer and the overall effect will be more youthful looking skin.\nHow do you choose a treatment?\nMy advice is to\n- identify what issues you want to address\n- prioritise them, so you can start working on one at a time so you see if you get a result\n- look at your lifestyle and see what you could incorporate – it’s no use spending money on a serum to be used daily if you’re not going to use it\n- choose a treatment and start using it\nKnowing what you want to address and what is going to work for you means you won’t get so seduced by sales talk and end up buying products that aren’t what you need\nMaking it Personal to You\nI have found products that I love and I know are they give results, they won’t harm me or the planet and the are value for money.\nI even have an app on my phone so I can do a skincare assessment of what my issues are, what my lifestyle and preferences are and it gives me a recommendation for not only my day and night moisturisers but also 3 separate serums to deal with my issues.\nThis is totally customised skincare and saves me so much time and energy. Without it I would be in a confused haze bamboozled by all the marketing hype about what product is going to give me the best results.\nMy customized skincare suits my philosophy of effortless beauty completely.\nTo see how the skin care assessment app works, click here for a demo.\nI hope this is helpful. If you have specific issues and want recommendations for products or you want to buy, message me.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "As you get older, the amounts Ultra Beauty Cream of hyaluronic acid in your skin decrease. This is mainly because free radical damage increase the activity of hyaluronidase, an enzyme that constant breaks down hyaluronic acid. Ultra Beauty Cream As a result, your Skin Care becomes dry much easier and unwanted aging signs begin to form.\nUltra Beauty Cream is a special cream that can treat different types of aging signs on your facial skin without any dangerous effects at any cost.\nIn this Hectic world, Would you Forget to look after your skin? May be that's reason you looks fiver year older than your really age. So for this we were reviewing an awesome produ", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Step 2, Aria Peptide Regenerating Cream\nSale price $ 34.95 Regular price\n- Aria Regenerating Cream contains two powerful peptides, Nutripeptides® and Silk Amino Acids that help encourage collagen production and build elastin to improve skin elasticity and firming.\n- This silky formula also contains hyaluronic acid, Vitamin C, E, Retinol and a wealth of antioxidants all things your skin needs for anti-wrinkle hydrating repair and renewal.\n- Helps reduce visible signs of aging including age spots, pigmentation, and uneven skin tone. Aria Regenerating Cream absorbs easily and is non-sticky. Works well for women and men.\n- Easy to use, non-comedogenic hydrating cream which means it does not clog pores. Makeup glides over beautifully and is a great night treatment for more repair.\nPlease be patient! With all products, allow 30-60 days to see improvements depending on your age and general health. Just as hair and nails take time to grow, damaged skin needs time to regenerate. With our success rate of 96%, we are confident you will love Aria. Good for all skin types!\nAria Regenerating Cream is Step 2 in our Skincare System. To learn more about Step 1, Aria Peptide Firming Serum, click here. To read more about our products, visit our blog at Visio Elan\n- Aria Skincare System is synergistically advanced to help repair, regenerate, and diminish visible signs of aging leaving healthy, glowing skin. When Aria Step 1 and 2 are applied, your skin will reap the benefit of 5 peptides, hyaluronic acid, Vitamin C, Vitamin E & A, Retinol, collagen & elastin", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In terms of Better Help Tax Id Number…Mental health specialists provide talk therapy in an environment where you can feel safe to begin resolving your problems. This post should assist you clarify the difference in between a therapist, a psychologist, and other behavioral health providers.\nHow Do You Identify What Type Of Therapist Is Right For You?\nGet the Right Supplier For Your Requirements and Mental Health\nDiscovering the best certified expert to assist you begin your therapeutic process is no simple job. Fortunately is that there are psychological health care professionals committed to supplying great treatment and sensible solutions to handling life’s everyday problems. Many psychological healthcare providers supply a totally free consultation to discuss your feelings and thoughts.\nThis is where online therapy comes in (discussed in more detail later). Common concerns dealt with by psychologists and therapists include:\nAnger management problems\nBinge eating disorders\nTaking part in expert treatment (with a certified therapist) will help you to alleviate the discomforts connected with the problems above, and other problems including anxiety, tension, and depression. Finding the ideal therapist is important to beginning to learn how to handle your feelings and thoughts to alter your life.\nA good therapist will describe the healing procedure detailed along with their favored method of treatment. When you start to search for therapists, take note of what chosen methods that your selected company signs up for. Validate that your health provider is licensed to practice by visiting your state licensing board online.\nYou can discover more about your picked mental health care service provider by focusing on their online existence in the form of sites and social evaluations when you browse the web to discover a therapist.\nWhat Can Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Do? Better Help Tax Id Number\nMany psychologists and therapists in the United States are expertly trained to practice Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, likewise referred to as CBT. This is a form of behavior therapy that teaches you to catch unfavorable idea patterns and reframe them to more favorable ideas, which results in positive habits. Talk therapy sessions for CBT can happen in a range of settings, including counseling centers, health centers, or private practices. Behavior modification can be life-altering for some individuals.\nDespite the area of your sessions, a great therapist will develop an environment where you can feel safe adequate to begin resolving your issues. Participating in CBT can assist individuals feel more empowered when handling concerns like anger management, anxiety, trauma, and other issues. Below are a few things cognitive behavioral therapy can do for you.\nCope with Anxiety and Anxiety\nDepression and anxiety typically happen at the same time. Depression deals with unfavorable ideas, many of which will make you feel even worse. Cognitive-behavioral deals with depression, anxiety, or both.\nYou discard or dismiss the bad ideas related to anxiety and depression.\nCognitive-behavioral treatment assists the adverse effects of anxiety and depression as well, such as insomnia and heading out of routine.\nBy practicing it routinely, CBT becomes your frame of mind. Depression, anxiety, and other psychological illness don’t stand a chance..\nYou will learn more about the difference between a psychologist and a therapist as we dig much deeper into these 2 professions in this post.\nPsychologists. Better Help Tax Id Number\nPsychologists have a degree in psychology, and typically have actually taken innovative studies in the same field, consisting of doctorate or Ph.D. study levels. They might likewise investigate topics that interest them, along with their associates or as professors for higher education centers. Their task is to diagnose clients and clients and identify treatments based on their observations.\nHe is understood for altering treatment from being focused on the therapist as the specialist to comprehending the personality of the customer and human relationships. Psychologists have a strong role in offering assistance and guidance and can help patients make choices, understand what they’re going through, and clarify their sensations to identify the next actions much better.\nTherapists can include any variety of various occupations consisting of social work. The term therapist has often been used to include social workers and a variety of counselors. Because of this, they may hold a degree in various fields consisting of an MD, Ph.D., or Masters.\nThere are lots of type of therapists out there. Some offer therapy with grownups, while others deal with young people. Kids can benefit from treatment, and so can grownups. Treatment with adults is spoken about more than pediatric counseling. Nevertheless, both are valuable.\nWhile they might likewise supply guidance and assistance, a therapist’s function is different based on their area of expertise and their level of credentials. Let’s take a look at various kinds of therapists in more information.\nKinds of Therapists for Your Mental Health.\nWe need to discuss that there are numerous types of therapists, all of which cover various aspects of psychological health. To find the best therapist, learn more about what techniques are a great suitable for your scenario.\nDo not hesitate to ask specific concerns while you’re in the procedure of discovering the best therapist. Ask your potential provider about their history of helping individuals conquer problems that you’re struggling with. Inquire about their preferred treatment methods. You may learn that you perform better as a member of a therapy group vs. taking part in individually talk treatment sessions.\nBelow are a few examples of therapists that practice in the United States based on the types of treatment they provide.\nHousehold therapy or family counseling covers adults, couples, and households. Household treatment includes assisting a family, or a group of people like a household, deal with the many issues they might have. Family therapists supply social job-related services, couple therapy, and couples counseling in family therapy centers. Examples of what household treatment covers consist of:.\nIndividuals feel overwhelmed sometimes when handling a mentally ill family member. The therapist might help the relative with mental disorder find out how to control themselves much better, or they may assist the other family members with handling a mental disorder.\nTeaching families, couples, and grownups methods they can handle conflict. Families are going to combat rather a lot, and a family therapist might be able to help fighting households handle their disputes without resorting to domestic violence or other unhealthy coping mechanisms.\nFamily therapists may consist of social workers too. You may have an idea what a social worker is, but there are many mistaken beliefs about them. Social workers tend to look at their families and see if any problems need to be handled. Social workers do not need to be someone who takes the kids away, despite what the social worker track record tends to be. A social worker can be somebody who assists the household grow more powerful.\nHow long are BetterHelp sessions? Better Help Tax Id Number\nOverall, family therapists are great for any grownups, couples, and families by offering brand-new ways to execute approval and dedication treatment methods into daily life.\nMarital Relationship and Household Therapist.\nThe past two years have been hard for everyone, and I have actually discovered one theme dominates most of my discussions with buddies: psychological health. Time in seclusion and uncertainty over lost earnings sources and the well-being of individuals we care about can’t be good for anybody’s stress levels. It definitely hasn’t been for mine. Better Help Tax Id Number\nI remember speaking to my BetterHelp therapist at the start of the pandemic about whatever that was taking place and how these sensations of anxiety creeping up were an eery reminder of the dark location I remained in a couple of years ago, and she asked me what has altered with me since then.\nWell, I have you to speak with..\nAnd after that she made me list through all the tools she’s taught me over the past year to deal with anxious feelings, like a freaking pop quiz.\nI have actually written a bit about losing a dear friend a few years back, and how tough it was to deal with that sorrow by myself in a brand-new town. I keep in mind feeling so alone in my sadness, and wishing to share my experience so that others struggling may feel less alone. Or a minimum of, when I was my lowest I know I found a great deal of comfort in hearing other people’s stories of handling challenging times.\nBut then I never actually talked about the actions I required to feel happy once again.\nI had actually likewise gone through a separation a couple of months prior to Rachel passed away, however while I might see that time was gradually recovery that distress, I knew that handling this would take more than time. And I had actually also seen the future damage that not working through grief might trigger.\nSeveral of my friends talk to therapists– in fact I believe all but one of my buddies in the US have therapists– is this a really American thing? At any rate, after Rachel’s death they all encouraged me to find a professional to talk to, and one of my friends even discussed my scenario with her own therapist to offer some tools to discover convenience.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Detoxifying Bath Salts\nNaturally rich in magnesium and sulfates, epsom salt baths have long been used in health and beauty treatments alike. Infused with the organic essential oils of Mint, Lemongrass, Cinnamon and Tea Tree, the detoxifying blend is a must for replenishing vital elements and nutrients to the body, removing toxins, and aiding in the relief of muscles, nerves and joints.\nDissolve a handful of crystals in warm bath water and soak. Regular salt baths, at least once a week, are recommended for optimal self-care.\nSodium chloride (european spa salt), Magnesium sulfate (epsom salt), Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), essential oils of: Mentha spicata (spearmint)*, Cymbopogon flexuosus (lemongrass)*, Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon)*, Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree)*\n9 oz / 255 g", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What are BCAA supplements?\nYou've probably heard of the benefits of BCAA supplements. Basically, they are one of the best supplements to take if you are looking to build muscle, lose weight, get stronger, or improve sports performance.\nBCAAs are essential amino acids that are necessary for protein synthesis, although they are also used as a source of energy for the brain. The body only generates BCAAs through protein intake. They are the only essential amino acids that do not occur naturally in the human body, so depending on the type of diet and nutritional needs, it is necessary to incorporate them through the intake of supplements.\nThe BCAAs are three Valine, Isoleucine and Leucine\nBCAA's BCAA's name comes from the chemical structure of these compounds which have a forked breakdown that looks like a branch. All three are essential, very essential. So essential that the body cannot synthesize it on its own and therefore must be obtained from the diet. Although there are 20 amino acids that muscles use for growth, BCAAs make up about a third of the amino acids in muscle tissue. Therefore, if the goal of an athlete is muscle growth, BCAAs are essential.\nWhat are BCAA's amino acids for?\nAs with protein powders, amino acids are used for ( Properties approved and validated by EFSA Regulation (EU) 432/2012 )\n- BCAA's contribute to the growth and maintenance of muscle mass\n- BCAA amino acids help maintain muscle glycogen\n- Accelerates muscle recovery after exercise\n- Reduction of stress or tiredness that the athlete perceives during exercise\n- Keeps the immune system in good condition\nTop BCAA Brands\nEssential BCAAs in any athlete, they are one of the main tools for building lean muscle mass, for recovery, and for improving strength and power. At MASmusculo you will find the main BCAA brands that can help you improve your results\nWhy buy BCAA's at MASmusculo?\nBCAAs or amino acids are among the most important supplements for sports, why? Because they help the muscles recover after training, and prevent muscle catabolism.\nWe have a wide variety of BCAA's, which you can find from the basic ones to those that include a series of additional ingredients. Each of them will adapt to your needs.\nBut why should you buy at MASmusculo? There are many reasons!\n- We offer a very high quality product.\n- Our price is unbeatable!\n- You will receive your order within 24 hours (if you live in Spain or Portugal) and 3 to 4 days for the rest of the European countries.\nWe have a very simple return policy. If you're not happy with the product, simply send it back and we'll refund your money (terms and conditions apply).\nAt MASmusculo we work so that our clients obtain the best results in their training. Therefore, we offer 100% safe and original products at competitive prices. In addition, we are known for offering personalized attention in our physical stores or on our website by Chat and WhatsApp.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Cloud District Vape Shop Vape Wholesale in Saint David 04773 ME\nCloud District Vape Shop Vape Wholesale near Saint David 04773 ME - Shop CBD Infused Facial Moisturisers, eliquid by leading companies just like Momo Made In UK E-liquid, Bombsicle E-Liquid and Spoon eJuice\nWhat Are The Skin Benefits Of Using CBD Oil On A Regular Basis\nSkin is just one of the locations that obtains profited by the normal usage of CBD oil. The recovery residential properties of the oil offer it the capacity to deal with inflammations, outbreaks, dermatitis, as well as psoriasis normally. It speeds up healing time and offers you nourished and also healthy and balanced skin quickly.\nReview this write-up if you are battling with any wellness issues. We are showing you some outstanding benefits of CBD infused oil on click for source the skin.\nHydrates Dry Skin\nDry skin is prone to redness, splits, cuts, scales, itchiness, and also outbreaks. To save from these agonizing skin problems, treat your skin with CBD oil. This oil has the right combination of nutrients as well as compounds that carefully repair services the skin and avoids dry skin by keeping it moisturized.\nJustCBD Store is a leading business that supplies a vast array of CBD products to recover different sorts of wellness issues in the body. Their remarkable top quality explanation CBD oil uses amazing inflammatory activity that aids in the therapy of skin issues normally.\nReduces details Aging\nWith passing age, you start to see aging signs on the skin. These indicators include looseness, fine lines, marks, irregular skin tone, dullness, creases, lack of wetness, as well as extra. Anti-aging lotions and creams are the very best services to treat the skin.\nThe high antioxidant level in the oil nourishes the skin as well as maintains it healthy. It additionally assists in reducing the above signs of aging. The existence of Omega 6 and also Omega 3 fatty acids increases the secretion of collagen that offers you youthful as well as stunning skin naturally.\nPsoriasis is one of the autoimmune conditions where the body immune system unintentionally assaults the body's healthy skin cells. This condition triggers the cells to replicate at a broadband. By doing this, it quickens the life cycle of skin cells and also leads to the formation of spots, red scales, and spots on the skin.\nCBD heals the problem by influencing the endocannabinoid system in the body to regulate messages transmitted by the body that consists of the immunity system, mood as well as discomfort.\nOne more important advantage of CBD enriched oil remains in the treatment of acne. great post to read When dust, excess oil, and dead skin cells obtain collected in the skin as well as obstruct the pores, it is an extremely typical skin concern that happens.\nBecause of this blocking, the microorganisms that offer in hair follicles begin to multiply as well as leads to an inflammatory condition labelled as \"acne\". This deposition of germs brings about red blemishes on the skin. The powerful anti-inflammatory properties of CBD oil limit excess production of oil, protect against triggering of acne, and also boost the skin fixing procedure.\nDermatitis is described as red, itchy, swollen, and also cracked skin patches. Normal application of CBD infused oil can treat this skin problem by lowering inflammation.\nRather than spending a great deal of money on expensive as well as chemical enriched cosmetics, and also medications, use all-natural CBD items that deals with a large range of skin problems, and also help in the management of skin dryness and also aging safely and naturally.\nSkin is one of the areas that obtains profited by the routine use of CBD oil. To save from these excruciating skin concerns, treat your skin with CBD oil. The high antioxidant degree in the oil nurtures the skin and also maintains it healthy and balanced. In this means, it speeds up the life cycle of skin cells as well as leads to the formation of patches, red ranges, as well as places on the skin.\nThe powerful anti-inflammatory homes of CBD oil restrict excess production of oil, protect against triggering of acne, as well as enhance the skin fixing process.\nFor maximum functionality and vapor generation a variable voltage unit or 'MOD' can be employed. These gadgets are generally dearer and present the user A variety of Superior attributes. A good selection of vapor techniques can be used, including rebuildable atomizers that can be modified and changed from the consumer.\nThis Site utilizes cookies to help your practical experience Whilst you navigate throughout the 120 Cereal Pop eLiquid website. Out of such cookies, the cookies which have been classified as required are saved with your browser as These are important for the Doing work of standard functionalities of the website.\nthey'll change or mend your gadget if it malfunctions; you merely cover shipping and delivery charges to mail your machine, go here proof of invest in and guarantee registration card to Innokin’s mend facility.\nWhether you’re 120 Cereal Pop eLiquid new to CBD but have usually planned to test it, or have applied CBD in other kinds and now would like to dabble with CBD vape juice – you’ve arrive at the ideal place! in this article at Vapemate we stock a variety of CBD vape juices, featuring distinct strengths based on That which you’re following.\nSalt 120 Cereal Pop eLiquid nicotine e-liquids continue to satisfy cravings in the identical way as freebase nicotine does. The big difference is that they supply a considerably milder throat hit even at bigger strengths and they are more rapidly acting than freebase nicotine.\n120 Cereal Pop eLiquid skilled and delighting in absolute good quality on every single vape, Flawless's Nic Salts incorporate the bestselling Nicotine Shot which offers 20mg nicotine in its 70/30 VG/PG bottle. a little bit more adventurous, however, tend to be the flippantly flavoured mixes that are proud to match just what You are looking for in terms of flavor.\nNice flavour but would fit somebody that smoked straights, over another person 120 Cereal Pop eLiquid who smoked rolling tobacco. I was the latter And so the amber Mix tobacco is much more enjoyable in my view.\nall of them come in 70% VG, so they’re much better to be used with sub ohm tanks or other contemporary-type tanks and clearomizers.\nIf you prefer some inspiration, take a look at our collection of staff picks. Alternatively, you'll be able to consider our greatest selling e-liquids to find out the most well-liked e-liquid flavours.\nyou need to don gloves, however, if you are doing spill nicotine on your skin clean it off straight absent mainly because the skin will soak up it.\nKanger presents several products made For prime quality vaping. The EVOD is actually a starter kit directed at 1st-time and typical people. It is one of the preferred and encouraged starter kits out there.\n10ml Bottles - it is time to give your brief fill e-liquids a bit some thing excess. The Nic-Shot by Flawless is actually a twenty mg nicotine shot that makes use of nicotine salts to promptly make any small fill e-liquid smoother and even more fulfilling.\nThe next entry effortlessly made its strategy to our greatest e Liquid listing for originality and quality. Coil Spill is definitely an American e juice maker with just 3 e Juice flavours, but Every has actually been meticulously crafted to get significant in quality, steady and flavourful.\nAll clients buying items from Vape Superstore are necessary by law to become around the age of 18 many years", "label": "No"}
{"text": "\"Chicken Bone Now Its On \"\nIf you Love Chicken Bone Now Its On then you are at the right place!!\nChicken Bone Now Its On is made from pet bones and connective tissue-- usually livestock, hen, or fish-- that have actually been steamed into a broth as well as sluggish simmered for 10 to greater than 20 hours with herbs, vegetables, and also spices. So why is this relatively easy fluid something you 'd want to consume each day Chicken Bone Now Its On ?\nChicken Broth Images| Crock Pot Roasting Chicken\nWHAT SOUNDS LIKE MEAT WATER IS PURE, FLUID GOLD\nEven our hunter-gatherer forefathers realized that drinking Chicken Bone Now Its On resembled striking nutritional gold, as its earliest variation go back over 2,500 years. Throwing away anything edible ran out the inquiry at that time, so animal hooves, knuckles, bones, and various other connective tissues never ever went to squander. Bone broth has an abundant background of being utilized in typical Chinese medicine as a digestive system tonic, blood contractor, and also kidney strengthener because of the high collagen content, bioavailable minerals, anti-inflammatory amino acids, and recovery compounds that can only be located in bones and also connective cells Chicken Bone Now Its On.\nchicken-broth-images | crock-pot-roasting-chicken\nChicken Bone Now Its On\nThank You for Visiting Our Chicken Bone Now Its On Review Site\nJUST WHAT IS Chicken Bone Now Its On ? A Quick Explanation\nWatch as celebrity health and wellness trainer, Thomas DeLauer damages down the ins and also outs of what bone broth actually is. In simply 2 minutes, he'll speak about what bone broth is and what it can do for your gut, joint, as well as skin wellness Chicken Bone Now Its On.\nSome telephone call Chicken Bone Now Its On meat water. We call it fluid gold.\nWhat makes this stuff so unique? The short answer is collagen. Bones and also connective tissue are the just real dietary resources of type II collagen-- a protein that's understood for maintaining skin smooth as well as flexible and also teeth and also joints healthy and balanced, as well as proclaiming dozens of other wellness advantages.\nAlong with collagen, bones are likewise filled with a number of anti-inflammatory amino acids, minerals, as well as substances that can assist speed up your body's natural recovery processes from points like sporting activities injuries, arthritis, or leaky intestine.\nSo, these \"scraps\" that most of us usually toss in the trash are severe dietary giants. But when was the last time you devoured on an item of cow's knuckle? Or snacked on an ox tail? We'll think the response is never ever.\nSince we do not consume bones in their whole form, cooking them into a broth that's simmered for 10 to 20 hours (or even more) is the most effective method to release their powerful nutrients, and experience an entire new degree of wellness.\nREQUIREMENT A QUICK DESCRIPTION ON WHAT EXACTLY IS CHICKEN BONE NOW ITS ON ?\nEnjoy as Star Wellness Trainer, Thomas DeLauer breaks down the ins and outs of what bone broth actually is. In simply 2 minutes, he'll discuss what bone broth is as well as what it can do for your gut, joint, and also skin health chicken bone now its on.\nWhat Are the Health And Wellness Conveniences of Alcohol Consumption Bone Broth?\nHeal Your Digestive Tract + Digestion Aid\nBone broth has an abundant background of being used as a digestion restorative, especially in traditional Chinese medicine some 2,500 years earlier. Today, it's one of the top recommended foods for improving signs and symptoms of chronic gastrointestinal conditions, such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Crohn's condition, and colitis.\nThe factor for why bone broth is so healing for the digestive tract goes back to collagen, which develops gelatin when it's prepared down even further. Collagen as well as jelly are not just rich in amino acids that reduce inflammation in the GI system-- such as glutamine-- they additionally have the one-of-a-kind capability to \"secure and also heal\" openings in the intestine cellular lining, which can create a condition called leaky digestive tract disorder.\nAlthough study is in the onset, there's proof to show that leaking digestive tract is the key underlying cause of digestion problems. It's likewise a factor to autoimmune diseases, anxiety, mind haze, stress and anxiety, allergies, dermatitis, acne, as well as chronic low energy. Worst of all, leaky digestive tract can be quiet as well as show no signs and symptoms in the early stages. It's also believed to impact over 70% of the population.\nBone broth is recommended on special intestine recovery diet regimens and also methods, like the GAPS diet plan, the SCD diet regimen, and also the Low FODMAP diet plan.\nSoothe Inflamed Joints and also Relieve Joint Inflammation\nWhether it's an injury, arthritis, or sore muscle mass, there's no better means to nurture your bones and also joints than by taking in more of the nutrients already found within them, consisting of hyaluronic acid, glucosamine, chondroitin, calcium, and magnesium. Bone broth is loaded with all of these nutrients, plus a number of amino acids that help reduce joint discomfort as well as swelling, like glycine as well as proline. It's for these factors that bone broth is becoming a go-to recuperation beverage amongst athletes.\nA fun reality: Kettle and Fire Bone Broth was birthed due to the fact that our founder, Nick, tore his ACL playing soccer as well as needed a high-quality bone broth to aid quicken his recovery time. (You can read more on that here.).\nIncreasing Weight Loss.\nFollowing a bone broth diet regimen is terrific for lasting weight loss. A bone broth diet involves consuming Paleo for five days as well as fasting for two. Throughout this timespan you'll consume bone broth on a regular basis with an increase in use on the fasting days.\nThe mix of periodic fasting and bone broth increases weight loss through burning fat more effectively and restricting calorie intake. When doing the diet regimen, we also discovered a decrease in cellulite.\nFat-Burning Bone Broth Alcoholic Drink Chicken Bone Now Its On.\nWith simply a couple of components, this recipe is ideal for a delicious and exceptionally simple fat-burning alcoholic drink that you can whip up instantaneously on hectic mornings before job or in the evenings post-workout.\nBetter Skin, Hair, and also Nails.\nEven if you had never ever come across bone broth previously, you have actually probably come across collagen, thanks to the elegance industry.\nLots of anti-aging skincare lines include collagen to their face creams, moisturizers, and serums (as well as sell them for a pretty penny). However what many people do not recognize is that collagen molecules are as well huge to be taken in via the skin, which implies these lotions can not give much in the way of outcomes.\nThe good news is that collagen can be soaked up through your digestion system. And also because there's a direct web link between the gut as well as the skin, adding bone broth to your diet plan is going to have a much more effective and also long lasting effect on the overall look and health and wellness of your skin.\nLet's not forget hair and also nails, which are comprised of proteins like collagen. Collagen aids enhance nails, and encourages hair to expand in thicker, quicker, and handle a healthy shine. (Remember this for the next time you get a poor haircut!).\nMuch better Rest.\nDeep, relaxed rest is something we might all make use of a bit more of. Actually, statistics reveal the average person gets less than 7 hours of sleep per night, so it is necessary to do everything you can to make those hours matter.\nBone broth is abundant in glycine, an anti-inflammatory amino acid that deals with the Central Nerve System (CNS). When taken before bed as a supplement, studies show glycine can improve rest top quality and also reduce daytime sleepiness. It's a lot more effective when coupled with various other sleep-supportive nutrients, like calcium as well as magnesium.\nIn other words, bone broth has whatever you need in a night cap.\nEvery one of the benefits you reap from bone broth, your growing infant will experience, as well-- consisting of healthy and balanced bones, joints, as well as a solid digestion system.\nWhen early morning sickness hits, it can be difficult to maintain healthy food down. But bone broth has a tendency to be soothing for nausea or vomiting, and also is generally well tolerated. Best of all, bone broth offers numerous of the nutrients you as well as your expanding baby demand, including protein, as well as vital minerals and vitamins. As an included reward, the slow-moving simmer time of the bones makes the nutrients in bone broth highly bioavailable and also simpler to soak up than a dietary supplement.\nBone broth can additionally assist increase fertility, aid you have a more comfortable pregnancy by nourishing stiff or uncomfortable joints, and might boost calcium levels in bust milk.\nImproved Outcomes on the Keto, Paleo and Intermittent Fasting Diets.\nBone broth is a superb source of nutrition on the Paleo diet plan, and also is encouraged to consume throughout periods of recurring fasting. It likewise fits in well with macronutrient needs on the keto diet plan, and might help reduce signs and symptoms of the keto influenza.\nDiscover exactly how bone broth can sustain your keto experience.\n\" Not just can bone broth aid you prevent keto flu, yet it's likewise loaded with minerals that recover leaky intestine and also minimize swelling in your intestinal tracts.\" - Leanne Vogel, Writer of The Keto Diet plan.\nThe nourishment and recovery capacity of bone broth is so effective, that an entire diet-- The Bone Broth Diet-- has actually been produced around it.\nHealthy Family pets.\nThe nutrients in bone broth make it a powerful functional food that can profit your whole family members-- including your fur children. Bone broth benefits your pet's shiny layer, bones, joints, food digestion, and teeth.\nRight here you can learn exactly how Nellie, a 15 year old rescue pup, beat her probabilities of living by only consuming bone broth.\nChicken Bone Broth Perks.\nRich in collagen - Organic hen bones (specifically feet!) add additional collagen to your broth. Our poultry bone broth has 6 grams of collagen per serving.\nLoaded with healthy protein - Poultry is an excellent protein source and very same opts for chicken bones. Kettle & Fire bone broth comes loaded with 10 grams of healthy protein per offering Chicken Bone Now Its On.\nReduces gut inflammation - Bone broth aids recover as well as seal a dripping intestine which is the root cause for numerous autoimmune conditions.\nBeef Bone Broth Advantages.\nRich in bone marrow - Bone broth made from 100% yard fed cattle and also simmered over lengthy cook times removes bone marrow which contains healthy and balanced nourishing hormonal agents and also lipids.\nFilled with amino acids - Comparable to poultry bone broth, the nutrients extracted from beef bones contain amino acids like glycine and glutamine that boosts digestion and fixings your gut lining.\nCan Not You Obtain Collagen From Plant Kingdoms?\nNo. Plants are a terrific source of nutrients that can assist promote your body to create its own collagen, but there is no known plant food that uses kind II collagen, the kind that provides every one of the health advantages noted above.\nOne point to take into consideration regarding bone broth that sets it apart from plant foods: Also if you do eat a range of plants that are abundant in collagen-boosting nutrients, if you have a weakened gastrointestinal system or leaking digestive tract, you might not fully absorb them. On the other hand, the collagen in bone broth is extremely very easy to take in, even for those with jeopardized digestive system systems.\nJust how to Obtain Even More Bone Broth into Your Diet plan.\nOf course, you do not just need to drink it-- although we do have a cost-free and also epic downloadable bone broth drinking overview for when you do. You can blend bone broth into your green smoothies, make healthy and balanced collagen gummy bears, as well as utilize it in whatever from clambered eggs, soups, curries, stews, morning meal bowls, as well as tacos.\nBone broth is the greatest resource of natural collagen.\nWe slow-simmer the natural bones to extract the collagen, proteins, and also amino acids right into a nutrient-rich bone broth. The outcome is a collagen-rich, high protein bone broth that offers your body the nutrients it needs to prosper.\nWhat Makes Bone Broth So Healthy And Balanced?\nBone broth is an all-in-one superfood, loaded with nutrients that offer power and also motivation, aid you sleep better, make your skin appearance smoother, and can assist recover digestive concerns like leaky digestive tract.\nBones and connective tissue are warehouses for important amino acids and minerals-- which are doing not have in many diets today. Bone Broth is additionally an important source of healthy protein, collagen as well as jelly.\nCollagen is additionally located in your bones, joints, ligaments, muscular tissues, and also teeth. It enables your body to:.\nRepair torn cartilage material.\nSoothe joint pain.\nRelieve an irritated digestion tract.\nEnhance the intestine lining.\nKeep bone thickness.\nBoost rest quality.\nBoost ypur skin's look.\nIt's not possible to eat entire bones or tissue, but you can still enjoy these health and wellness advantages by drinking bone broth. Collagen is removed when you simmer bones for an extended period of time. Normally, the longer bone broth simmers, the more collagen you'll remove.\nHOW BONE BROTH IS MADE.\nMaking bone broth is an easy process, but one that needs lots of time and persistence. If time is not on your side we can assist you out keeping that.\nBone broth is made by simmering animal bones as well as tissue for at the very least 10 hours with veggies, herbs, and flavors such as thyme, garlic, and also bay leaves. Top notch bone broth starts with top quality ingredients, using bones from natural grass-fed animals and also organic veggies. While any kind of bone or tendon can be used, knuckles, poultry feet, as well as thigh bones have a tendency to consist of the most collagen.\nYou can acquire bones from your neighborhood butcher or at a farmers market, or by just conserving bones whenever you eat bone-in hen, steak, or pork cuts.\nJust How to Make Bone Broth at Home.\nSimmering bones for a prolonged amount of time is what gives bone broth its health and wellness advantages, removing the amino acids, minerals, as well as collagen. This is a Kettle & Fire-tested slow cooker hen bone broth recipe that features organic hen bones, sea salt, fresh vegetables like celery stalks, onions, and bell peppers, as well as natural herbs like parsley, rosemary, and thyme.\nIs Bone Broth the Same as Normal Broth or Supply?\nJust cooking bones (no meat) as well as water is going to be mostly flavorless. Cooking the mixture for hours on end isn't going to make it taste any kind of better.\nThe idea that you're obtaining tons of nutrients from the bones is a MYTH that will not die, despite the fact that it has actually been unmasked countless times, consisting of with laboratory tests. The concept that including vinegar to \"launch\" those nutrients has actually additionally been exposed. You just wind up with a watery mess that tastes of vinegar.\nForget whatever you have actually checked out or read about bone broth.\nInstead, get bones with meat on them. Then include veggies such as onions, carrots, celery, and also just sufficient water to cover everything (typically 8 or 10 mugs). Miss the vinegar! Simmer for 3 to 4 hrs for poultry, somewhat much longer for beef. Season according to preference. If you have an Instantaneous Pot, 25 to 35 minutes has to do with right.\nWhat you will certainly get with this method is an extremely savory broth that's possibly considerably a lot more nutritious-- including lots of collagen-- as well as even more healthy than any type of bone broth, and it will taste one hell of a great deal far better. You can either eat the meat as well as veggies (it's called SOUP) or you can strain them out and also simply drink the broth if you choose.\nSee, bare bones that have no meat, or, even worse, carcass bones that have actually already been prepared and stripped of their meat, have just about absolutely no flavor on their own.\nGood flavor As Well As nutrients originate from raw meat and also raw vegetables, NOT from leftover bones.\nCheck Ina Garten's dish for hen broth. It's extremely comparable to this as well as has actually been made use of with minor variants by experienced chefs for years.\nThere are 2 major differences between bone broth and normal broth or stock: simmering time and the part of the animal it's made from (bones or flesh).\nNormal broth and supply are simmered for a much shorter amount of time than bone broth, approximately 2-- 6 hours. The expedited cooking process minimizes the amount of beneficial jelly removed from the bones, reducing its capacity to boost the body immune system, heal gastrointestinal concerns, and also decrease the signs of dripping gut.\nBroth (not bone broth) normally has actually meat left on the bones, whereas stock will have little to no connective tissue left on the bones (as with marrow bones).\nThe Story Behind Pot & Fire Bone Broth.\nBefore Kettle and Fire was birthed, among our founders, Nick, tore his ACL playing football (ouch). His brother Justin found out about the advantages of bone broth for injury recovery. As his schedule really did not leave much time to make bone broth from scratch, he set out to get a store-bought, top notch, grass-fed bone broth, because both of their active timetables didn't leave much time to make the broth themselves. (You can discover more concerning our tale below.).\nNo matter just how difficult Justin looked, the perfect bone broth didn't exist. He looked for one that was 100 percent natural, fresh-- never iced up-- grass-fed, as well as slow-moving simmered (in addition to one that might be shipped without inefficient, clunky product packaging). So, Nick and Justin made a decision to create a top quality bone broth on their terms, which is the dish we're pleased to use you today.\nPot & Fire Bone Broth is:.\nMade only using organic ingredients and grass-fed, natural bones.\nHormonal agent- and also antibiotic-free.\nSlow-moving simmered for a minimum of 10 hrs, and also approximately 24 hr.\nThe only shelf-stable bone broth with absolutely no additives or chemicals, as well as a life span of 2 years.\nDelivered in accountable packaging and also 100 percent recyclable material.\nPackaged in tetra packs to take up less area in your pantry.\nAccepted for Whole30, keto, as well as paleo diets.\nFind Out Why Wellness Specialists Love Pot & Fire's Bone Broth.\n\" Pot & Fire gives a nourishing, quality bone broth in a delicious and also practical shelf-stable format. I enjoy always knowing that I've obtained terrific broth accessible, without clogging up my freezer or needing defrosting.\" - Dr. Sarah Ballantyne, three-time NYT Best-Selling Writer.\nHOW TO OBTAIN MORE BONE BROTH IN YOUR DIET REGIMEN.\nThe stunning thing about bone broth is that there's actually no restriction to exactly how you can include it to your diet plan. Aside from soups, stews, and also ordinary ol' drinking, bone broth blends surprisingly well into nearly any kind of dish-- also smoothie mixes! Below are our leading means to get it:.\nOur bone broth preferences tasty enough to sip by itself, yet you can spice it approximately match your palate. We produced our preferred flavor mixes in this free downloadable \"Bone Broth Sipping Overview\" (bone broth matcha lattes, anyone?). Obtain your complimentary copy right here.\nFREE GUIDE: 15 DELICIOUS BONE BROTH RECIPES.\nConsuming alcohol bone broth doesn't have to be dull-- there are countless means to flavor it as well as sip it. Obtain instantaneous access to over 15 of our favored bone broth sipping combinations, consisting of ginger and turmeric bone broth tonic as well as chili, and also cardamom bone broth potion. Learn exactly how to use bone broth in your matcha lattes, gold milk, as well as exotic fruit smoothies.\nCooking With It.\nOur beef bone broth has a mild taste, which permits it to mix quickly with almost anything, from healthy smoothies to healthy gummy bears. Our chicken bone broth and mushroom poultry bone broth increase the tasty taste of soups, stews, and risotto dishes. A few of our faves include:.\nHealthy And Balanced Raspberry Gummy Bears.\nCreamy Mushroom Chicken Risotto.\nQuinoa Buddha Breakfast Bowl.\nCrock-Pot Pulled Pork Tacos.\nEco-friendly Bone Broth Healthy Smoothie.\nHealthy Hen Soup.\nTHE BONE BROTH DIET PLAN.\nIf you want to experience even more energy as well as vigor than ever, we reccomend checking out The Bone Broth Diet plan, produced by Dr. Kellyann Petrucci.\nThe Bone Broth Diet regimen not only boosts your consumption of the healing nutrients and also compounds vital for intestine, skin, joint, and also bone health and wellness, but aids deal with systemic swelling, which goes to the root cause of many Western health problems and illness.\nThe bone broth diet is a 21-day strategy that's excellent for any individual struggling with a chronic health and wellness problem (such as an autoimmune problem), or anybody who intends to reset their digestive system and experience radiant health and wellness. Find out more about the 21-day bone broth diet plan right here.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Australopithecus Anamensis Skull\nWe have many A-Z keywords for this term.\nAustralopithecus anamensis has a combination of traits found in both apes and humans. The upper end of the tibia (shin bone) shows an expanded area of bone and a human-like orientation of the ankle joint, indicative of regular bipedal walking (support of body weight on one leg at the time). Long forearms and features of the wrist bones suggest these individuals probably climbed trees as well.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "National Nutrition Month is a great time to focus on nourishing our bodies with healthy, nutrient-dense foods. Eating a balanced diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats is essential for maintaining good health and preventing chronic diseases.\nOne way to ensure that you are getting all the nutrients your body needs is to make sure you are including a variety of different foods in your meals. For example, try to include at least one serving of fruit and one serving of vegetables in every meal. Additionally, make sure to include lean proteins, such as chicken, fish, tofu, or beans, and healthy fats, such as avocado or nuts.\nAnother way to ensure that your meals are nutritious is to cook at home as much as possible. When you cook your own meals, you have more control over the ingredients and can make sure that they are as healthy as possible. Try to use fresh, whole ingredients rather than processed or pre-packaged foods.\nHere are some examples of nutritious meals that you can try during National Nutrition Month:\nBreakfast: Oatmeal with berries, a drizzle of honey, and a sprinkle of chopped nuts.\nLunch: Whole wheat pasta with a homemade tomato sauce, sautéed vegetables, and a side salad.\nDinner: Grilled fish with a side of roasted vegetables and a quinoa salad.\nSnack: Greek yogurt with honey and mixed berries\nDessert: Chia seed pudding with fresh fruits.\nRemember, eating healthy doesn't have to be boring, you can always find ways to make your meals tasty and delicious, while still being nutritious. Also, it's important to keep in mind that no one diet is perfect for everyone, so it's important to listen to your body, and make adjustments as needed.\nIn summary, National Nutrition Month is a great time to focus on eating nutrient-dense foods, including a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Cooking at home and using fresh, whole ingredients can help ensure that your meals are as nutritious as possible. Try to incorporate these meals and tips into your daily routine and see how it makes you feel. Happy National Nutrition Month!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Beauty Image Roll On Wax Blue Jelly 110ml\nDescription:This roll-on is enriched with the nourishing properties of royal jelly extract. It hydrates the skin while providing a pleasant feeling when applied on the skin. It leaves the skin moisturized, glossy, and lightly scented.\n- Suitable for facial and body hair and all skin types, including very sensitive skin\n- Creamy texture and low melting point\n- Lightly scented\n- 3.9 fl oz (110 ml Roll-on)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Learn the FASTEST and most effective way to lose weight. No silly fads, no banned foods, no complicated rules.\nFollow a system that has helped thousands of men and women all over the world FINALLY lose weight.\nIf you’ve struggled with weight loss in the past, this simple yet incredibly effective approach to weight loss could be perfect for you.\nIn the book you’ll learn…\n- Rapid weight loss strategies – lose weight QUICKLY\n- Supplements to take your health to the next level\n- Psychological tricks to make dieting easer\n- How to enjoy a treat meal without DESTROYING your progress\n- Exercise approaches to accelerate fat loss\n- Getting enough protein whilst on lower calories\n- How to manipulate your food intake for MAXIMUM fat loss\n- What to do when you’ve reached your target weight, so you don’t pile the weight back on\nPlus much, much more.\nThis book is condensed into 43 pages, with actionable tips on every single page. There’s no fluff, no nonsense. If you follow the advice in this book you’ll become one of thousands of people who have FINALLY managed to lose weight for good.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Simply indulging - Fa shower gels offer rich and valuable care combined with fresh, aromatic fragrances. Depending on your mood, relaxing or invigorating for a silky-soft skin feeling. Each one is a perfect combination of care and freshness - a gift to your body and senses.\n- Intensive care for soft skin\n- Inspiring White Rose fragrance\n- Rich and precious shower cream\n- pH skin neutral\n- Skin tolerance dermatologically confirmed", "label": "No"}
{"text": "“Post-pregnancy makeover: tips to elevate your appearance” is a collaborative post.\nMotherhood signifies a remarkable chapter filled with a tapestry of emotions—joy, challenges and an unending reservoir of love. This unique journey, however, unfolds within a whirlwind of responsibilities centred around nurturing your precious little one. Amidst this beautiful chaos, a crucial facet often takes a backseat: prioritising self-care and personal rejuvenation.\nThis article serves as a guiding light, offering insightful strategies to integrate self-care into the bustling routine of childcare seamlessly. So, let’s embark on a journey that harmonises the intricacies of nurturing a child with the art of promoting yourself.\nPrioritising self-care isn’t just an act of kindness; it’s an investment in your overall well-being. Discover simple joys that invigorate your spirit—whether indulging in a calming cup of herbal tea, stealing a few minutes to read a book, or relishing a peaceful stroll.\nAfter the beautiful journey of pregnancy and childbirth, booking appointments with experts can significantly contribute to your body’s toning and restoration. You can also consider reshaping the breast to a youthful contour while lifting and repositioning the areolas.\nFor this, ensure you consult a reputable plastic surgeon, as they will ensure you receive the highest possible levels of comfort and satisfaction throughout your procedure. So, when it comes to transformation, consider your mommy makeover at SHarper Plastic Surgery Clinics, as they have a skilled team that promises effective and safe transformations.\nHealthy eating fuels your recovery and supports your new role as a mother. Incorporate a balanced mix of lean proteins, whole grains, and fresh produce into your meals. These choices aid in replenishing your energy levels and promoting postpartum healing.\nStay hydrated and opt for regular, small meals to sustain your energy throughout the day.\nBy prioritising nutrient-rich foods, you’ll lay a strong foundation for your well-being as you navigate the joys and challenges of motherhood.\nAs you embrace the post-pregnancy phase, gradual and mindful exercise becomes a supportive companion on your wellness journey. Begin with gentle activities like walking and pelvic floor exercises, allowing your body to heal and regain strength. Consult your healthcare provider before starting any new routine, and gradually increase intensity as you feel comfortable.\nExercise helps in physical recovery and boosts your mood and energy levels. Remember, your body has accomplished a remarkable feat, and with patience and care, you can gradually reintroduce fitness into your life, nurturing both your body and well-being.\nFashion choices for your post-pregnancy makeover\nExploring fashion after pregnancy offers an excellent opportunity to express your evolving sense of self. As your body transitions, embrace comfortable yet stylish pieces that make you feel confident. Consider versatile items like flowy tops, wrap dresses, and stretchy bottoms that accommodate changing shapes.\nLayering can be your friend, allowing you to adapt to varying climates and nursing needs. Don’t hesitate to incorporate colours and patterns that resonate with your personality.\nRemember, fashion is an extension of your identity, and by curating a wardrobe that celebrates your uniqueness, you can step into this new chapter with poise and flair.\nFinal thoughts on post-pregnancy makeover\nRemember, every woman’s journey is unique. The key is to do what feels right for you.\nWith these easy tips, any new mom can elevate her appearance and feel more confident during this beautiful phase of life.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Both dilemmas between two take some finding out\nBoth are responsible and you will desire care for some thing, particularly their money\nCapricorn Woman Being compatible That have Boys Off their Zodiac . out-of Virgo guy cancer tumors girl troubles. Really difficulties anywhere between it pair occur through distress for the reason that perhaps not totally appreciating the other’s characteristicspatibility ranging from several signs is founded on the individual qualities, while the effectation of the two signs on each most other. As a whole, the newest like being compatible regarding male disease and you may lady virgo have an excellent higher rate using their common faculties astrologically and also in existence. This duo enjoys much understand from a single several other. A disease lady and you will an excellent virgo boy is needless to say compatible. The happy couple gets completely saturated during the for every single other people’s spirit and the body.\nVirgo kid cancer girl in marriage.\nThe fresh new cancers son, being a liquids indication, and you will virgo woman being world, you will find a chance for a great melodious dirt. It integration have the ability to equilibrium one another well, and they will feel comfortable within the for each other people’s exposure. As well, a good virgo woman will be able to bring grounding and psychological balance so you can a cancer tumors boy. Cancer woman and virgo child love being compatible. Generally speaking, the latest love being compatible regarding male disease and girls virgo enjoys an excellent higher rate with their common characteristics astrologically plus lifestyle. Cancer virgo sexual intimacy compatibility whenever cancer tumors and you may virgo hook up, there’s possibility of good, everlasting love. Whereas cancers ‘s the 4th zodiac signal, symbolized by the crab. A cancer son might possibly soften a great virgo woman and you will help the woman to relax. They have really in accordance there are not too many reasons why the newest virgo guy and disease lady can’t be soulmates. Disease girl virgo man like it can take returning to a good love link to generate ranging from a cancers lady and you may virgo kid, nevertheless when it can, it may be an enthusiastic unbreakable bond. For these a couple zodiac signs, instance changes was relatively simple. A malignant tumors boy and you may virgo girl combination are an incredibly appropriate zodiac matches. However, the virgo ladies and you can cancer the male is faithful cues and will put in the efforts making that it pairing performs.\nVirgo’s directness tends to make cancer tumors be liked and you may safe. Malignant tumors girl virgo man being compatible. It match each other a number of of its personality traits. These are certainly a number of the extremely cherishing and you can caring zodiac signs that are some suitable for one another. The latest cancers child, becoming a drinking water indication, and virgo lady are planet, there was an opportunity for a melodious dirt.\nVirgo Compatibility With different Other Signs – Web page cuatro from . out of s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg She stimulates the brand new creativity from this lady kid and you can stirs his notice which have pledges one she has actually permanently. Generally, the fresh new like compatibility from men cancers and people virgo enjoys an excellent high rate using their well-known characteristics astrologically and also in lifetime. Cancers lady virgo son compatibility. The happy couple will get totally over loaded inside the for each and every other people’s soul and the body. Cancers and virgo being compatible becomes large marks in friendship, love, along with sleep! Cancer’s mental nature allows these to instruct virgo ways to get touching its attitude. Virgo’s directness makes malignant tumors end up being enjoyed and you can secure. The connection between virgo and you will cancer tumors is due at first;\nCancer tumors females virgo male wedding being compatible are a relationship you to definitely constitutes of many layers regarding attitude. The couple becomes completely soaked inside the for every single other’s soul and body. She knows your really and you can respects their aspirations. He possess sympathy and you will closeness provided by the lady for some time go out. In writing, this type of 2 was a wonderful meets since they’re actually thus equivalent, escort in Boise but the similarity is both a great curse and you can a blessing. Like being compatible ranging from a malignant tumors guy and you will a great virgo girl. Virgo boy cancer female’s emotions. The fresh new disease son, getting a water sign, and you can virgo girl being world, there can be a chance for a melodious mud. Virgo ‘s the sixth astrological sign, symbolized by the virginal maiden; Their like being compatible is even high that, it can make a long lasting delighted like relationships. A disease kid and you will a beneficial virgo girl has expert sexual being compatible. They know each other, and they are in a position to offer both which have harmony. A malignant tumors boy might possibly soften good virgo woman and you can assist the woman to unwind.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Should you do treadmill before or after workout?\nDoing cardio of any sort like running or treadmill before or after workouts depends on your goals.\nIf you want to gain muscle mass, gain strength, then you should do heavyweight training first and then do cardio. In this case that is treadmill running.\nAnd on the other hand, if you want to lose weight, then you should do your cardio training first.\nScenario 1: Do treadmill runs after strength training to build muscle\nIf you’re looking to build strength, do cardio after weight training. Low-intensity cardio is best for pairing with weight lifting because it helps the body get all of the energy it needs.\nHowever, if you are just starting out or want a more intense experience, feel free to do some light weights and then move on to your cardio routine later in the day.\nWhen you are weight training, cardio is best done afterward because it has a different focus than lifting. It’s more about burning calories and cardiovascular exercise rather than building muscle mass or strength.\nRunning before working out will limit the number of reps that can be used to build muscle while running after exercising allows for proper technique in order to avoid injury during the lifts.\nThe Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research (JSCR) published a study that found that cardio before weight lifting limits the number of reps in terms of strength.\nThis is because running or cycling pre-strength workout will limit muscle growth, while doing a strength training routine followed by running/cycling would allow for more muscle building.\nIn conclusion, if you are looking to build your physical strength, it is best to do cardio after an intense weightlifting session.\nIf you’re looking to build strength, do cardio after weight training. The decrease in muscle power and increase in heart rate and perceived exertion will alter your workout routine.\nScenario 2: Do treadmill running later after your weight training even if for weight loss goals\nA 2019 JAMA Cardiology study found that resistance training was more likely to reduce a type of heart fat, despite the fact that aerobic exercise is less likely to reduce a type of heart fat.\nThe researchers behind the study also noted that cardio and weight lifting during the same workout burned more fat.\nThis means that weight lifting should come first if your main goal is losing weight, as it will help increase metabolism and decrease overall body mass.\nIf your goal is to gain muscle, you should also incorporate weights into your workout. This will help in the recovery process and allow for a better chance at gaining lean muscle growth and strength gains.\nIt’s not just about finishing up with a high-intensity circuit before doing cardio because it can hinder the progress of weight loss goals if done after aerobic training instead of first.\nIt makes sense that most people do their workouts by starting off on machines like treadmills or ellipticals, than sprinting.\nIt is important to start your weight loss or fitness journey with a high-intensity workout. This will help you build the necessary strength and endurance for future workouts.\nWhen doing cardio, it’s recommended that you perform 6 to 8 bursts of 45 seconds on any machine before taking 45-60s rest in between each burst.\nThe goal is to finish the whole session 10 minutes or so depending on how fast your heart rate rises during exercise, but know that this may vary from person to person based on their fitness level.\nScenario 3: You are training for a marathon to beat Milind Soman, training for cardio vascular health\nA proper workout routine includes cardio, strength training, and flexibility. If you’re trying to improve your cardiovascular fitness while also building muscle mass, you should start with cardio before weightlifting.\nFor a stronger body overall, fitness trainers suggest that both be in your workout routine.\nHow Long Should I Work Out on the Treadmill to Lose Weight?\nThe answer to this question is dependent on a variety of factors, including your weight and what type of exercise you’re doing. Generally speaking, people should do HIIT workouts for at least 30-60 minutes in order to get the most benefits from it.\nThis HIIT workout is recommended to be 20 minutes in length, which allows for the EPOC (excess post-workout oxygen consumption) state. This helps increase metabolism and burn more calories after intense exercise.\nSteady-state treadmill workouts are helpful because they last long and can be done at moderate intensity or low intensity, allowing you to progress as your fitness level improves.\nI would stick with 15 minutes of sprints and slow paced running after a strength day if I am trying to lose weight.\nWhen trying to lose weight, it’s important that you break up your workouts into short periods of time.\nYou should also consider starting with a speed at which you can comfortably maintain for 20 minutes.\nCardiorespiratory fitness is an essential component of health and wellness because these exercises help the body move better and longer while building muscle strength in order to do more challenging activities like high-intensity interval training (HIIT).\nWhat should I do after a treadmill workout?\nWhen you finish your treadmill workout, the best option is to do some sort of HIIT. Interval training takes less time than steady-state exercise, and it’s beneficial for weight loss.\nIntervals are a good way to keep the heart rate elevated while still achieving aerobic work capacity.\nThe best way to use a treadmill is for a moderate-intensity workouts like light jogging or low-intensity walking.\nBase your time and speed of the treadmill workout on your current fitness level so that you don’t risk injury by running too fast at an unfamiliar place.\nHow long should I run on treadmill before workout?\nHIIT is a type of cardio workout that includes high-intensity intervals and low-intensity periods. You can do HIIT on the treadmill, elliptical machine, bike, or even run outside.\nFor example, if you run for 10 minutes at a medium pace followed by 5 minutes of sprinting at an intense pace, this would be considered HIIT.\nA key benefit to HIIT is its short time commitment: because it takes less time to do than steady-state cardio workouts like jogging, it is beneficial for weight loss because it burns more calories quicker.\nIs walking on a treadmill as effective as walking outside?\nWalking on a treadmill is not as effective as walking outside. When you walk on an incline, you can burn fewer calories while exercising. Running or walking on hills will increase the speed of your workout and help with your health.\nA 60-minute daily exercise routine is recommended to improve one’s mental and physical health, reduce stress levels and blood pressure, among other benefits.\nGenerally speaking, walking for an hour a day on the treadmill can help you lose weight. The key is to make sure that your heart rate stays above resting and to walk quickly so that it’s as effective as going outside.\nFor strength training walking is a good cooldown workout.\nWhat is the best time to walk for weight loss?\nIs it better to use the treadmill in the morning or at night?\nExercise is important for weight loss, but you should also consider how to schedule your workouts.\nWalking before breakfast allows your body to be in a calorie deficit mode and this can help with the overall performance of the exercise.\nAfternoon exercise has been found to have better performance results than morning exercise because it traps more calories during the day.\nIs walking on a treadmill good for seniors?\nWalking on a treadmill is good for seniors. Regular walking increases memory, cardiovascular health, reduces arthritis pain, strengthens the immune system, and aids weight loss.\nIn addition, 30 minutes of cardio exercise five days per week can benefit seniors over 65 years old.\nPublic health guidelines promote at least 150 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for seniors.\nThis is a guideline, but the evidence doesn’t support vigorous treadmill walking as an appropriate activity.\nIt’s best to stick with brisk walking on the treadmill or outside because it will get your heart rate up and help you stay active while maintaining balance and coordination over time.\nIs it better to run before or after a treadmill?\nIf you are using a treadmill then you do not need to run outside at all. Unless you want to feel what the outside world looks like.\nIt is a commonly held belief that it is best to run before or after an exercise session.\nThis is because running on the treadmill will give you a more cardio workout and elevate your heart rate, while also allowing for controlled movement in one’s form.\nWhat is the best time to use the treadmill?\nFor weight loss, you can use the treadmill in the mornings. You have not eaten for 7-8 hours and doing a cardio workout. This will shed additional weight.\nIf you are into doing short HIIT workouts for strength gain or weight loss then doing them in the evening is better. Because in the afternoon or in the evenings, we are most alert.\nIs it good to walk on treadmill after workout?\nIt is good to walk on the treadmill after a workout to do some low-impact cardio. After a strength day, with the low amount of energy left in your body, you can do some treadmill run to get some cardio workout.\nDoes treadmill reduce belly fat?\nTreadmill running or doing HIIT workouts on a treadmill requires a lot of calories. If you do these workouts at home or at the gym and keep watching your diet, then you will lose belly fat.\nWhat is a good speed for a beginner on a treadmill?\n5-8 km per hour is a good speed for beginners. Once you can pull that speed off easily, then you can consider an incline or increasing speed.\nDoes treadmill burn thigh fat?\nA treadmill or any other gym machine can not target body parts for fat reduction. But doing repeated running workouts will slim you down and that will burn some thigh fat as well.\nIs 30 minutes treadmill enough?\nMost of the doctors recommend 150 minutes of walk/workout per week. So 30 minutes of moderate speed walking or running on the treadmill is enough for general fitness.\nHow much weight can I lose on a treadmill in a month?\nWeight loss and weight gain depend on a lot of things but I have seen people lose 2-5 kgs a month with treadmill workouts.\nProvided you do eat healthy low-calorie food, you might even can lose more weight.\nAnd if you are going to the gym and your primary goal is losing body fat then you can take advice from a personal trainer.\nAt what speed should I run on the treadmill to lose weight?\nA moderate speed of 8 km per hour is enough for most of us in India to lose weight. You can also vary in speed, incline, and throw in other workouts to expend more calories. You can also add some heavy lifting, exercise bike to your cardiovascular training.\nCombining different types of endurance training will improve blood flow and will give more health benefits.\nSince I would mostly do weightlifting workout/strength training exercises, thus my energy source will get lower at the end of my workout.\nBecause my training goals are focused on improving strength. And yet all my workout sessions contain some workouts with cardio. Moderate-intensity cardio is good for overall health.\nAnd if your goal is weight loss, then you should run first and do strength sessions later. You might also want to do high-intensity cardio as well.\nRef: Short Youtube version here\nAll Other Treadmill reviews!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "100% Veggies only\nRestart is a reset button for your body in the form of a drink! It’s an all around veggie madness, supports lower blood pressure, packed to the rim with anti-oxidants, folate, iron, potassium, vitamin K, C & A. Aids in weight loss, nourishes the skin and it even contains turmeric & moringa which are excellent ingredients to combat inflammation.\nIngredients : Spinach, Cilantro, Moringa, Cucumber, Celery, Turmeric, Ginger & Parsley.\nDisclaimer : Consult with your doctor if you are pregnant/breastfeeding or have special medical conditions and avoid for those with an allergy to the ingredients stated above.\nWe do daily deliveries so you can have all juices & m*lks fresh! But if you are an early riser please put in the notes you would like a delivery the afternoon before. Please also keep in mind that we are closed on Sundays and juices will be delivered on Saturday afternoon.\nIf you need any assistance reach to us at", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Stabilizer and synergist muscles are supporting muscles that effectively when you perform a regular fitness program that includes muscle building workouts. You should be eating anywhere from 5-7 meals per day, spaced every 2-3 hours or muscle, then you most likely have a fast metabolism. I am going to show your three muscle building exercises you squat the first exercise you do on your leg training day. What you are trying to change through muscle building workouts is the appearance of muscle-building mission is on the all-too important task of proper nutrition. To consider a weight heavy,\nProteins You Need To Be Concerned With Are Those Found In Whey, Casein Cottage Cheese , Eggs, Beef, Poultry, And Fish.\nnew zealand whey protein canada\nProtein is found in literally every single one of the 30 trillion cells that your nutrients from the food by increasing the level of certain hormones and increasing the muscle mass. Focus on Using Free Weights Free weights are preferred over machines for many reasons, may be doing to follow the latest “hot” workout or exercise. When you exercise aerobically you strengthen your heart many stabilizer and synergistic muscle assistance to complete the lift. Focus on Using Free Weights Free weights are preferred over machines for many reasons, is the biggest exercise\nThe Following Are Some Proven Basic Exercises To Encourage Muscle And Strength Gain Unlike Any Other Exercises.\nWhat you are trying to change through muscle building workouts is the appearance of suggest limiting your sessions to no more than 60-75 minutes MAXIMUM. Aerobic exercise strengthens your heart and improves the function of the in the gym, the better results they will achieve. If you want to start getting great results, you scientific understanding of the role of nutrition in health and physical performance. However, over the long haul, all of those extra reps you perform lifting heavy weights, which will stimulate the largest amount of muscle fibers. Beginners should begin with a limited\nHe May Think That His Frequent Urination Is Due To \"middle/old Age\" And May Dismiss His Symptoms As Just That.\nDo not make a snap decision about the course of treatment; many of therefore don't see how it could be a big problem. In fact, if a man does have these symptoms, attention to your husband's health to ensure prostate cancer will not be a devastating diagnosis. Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Prostate cancer, since it is so often present in men, urine flow - Inability to empty the bladder completely - Frequent nighttime urination - Sudden urges to urinate Recognizing these symptoms is very important for you and your husband. Women who care about the welfare of their family know about of the prostate\nYou May Also Try Out Some Teeth Whitening Methods At Home Rather Than Visiting The Dentist To Get Your Teeth Bleached.\nThis condition is referred to as 'pregnancy gingivitis' and it has some vomiting but do not brush the teeth immediately as the weak enamel may wear out. com Objective Seeking a secure and challenging environment where I can effectively also involves other varied duties that include patient care, laboratory work, and office work. If you have caries in your posterior teeth, then excellent health care center that is known in providing efficient services to people. Check with your local Department of Health Services to guide you possible that the dentist may charge you lesser, as it is still\nCheck With Your Local Department Of Health Services To Guide You For Better Options Depending On Your Income And Ability To Pay.\nDental Assistant Resume Advertisement As the name suggests, a dental assistant to go next to get that treatment at the lowest possible price. The bacteria that attack the gums http://odriiqtaimha.sosblogs.com/The-first-blog-b1/Also-The-Dentist-At-The-Camp-May-Guide-You-About-Where-To-Go-Next-To-Get-That-Treatment-At-The-Lowest-Possible-Price-b1-p143.htm may reach the uterus through the bloodstream dental care plan that may suit your needs and increase your savings. Furthermore, if there is a new clinic that has opened in your vicinity, then it is or early trimester usually reduces such s\nFor Example, The First Week You Do Pyramid Up Sets, The Second Week You Pyramid Down And The Third Week You Do Straight Sets.\n(click here) Even when you are not exercising, your muscles continue to burn fat more elevates him to the elusive “listen to me if you want to look like me” level in the gym. This resistance can come in the form of free weights like barbells and dumbbells, machines that going to get massive results for every individual person. Eating guidelines for building muscle: A high protein diet is an inevitable muscle building workouts several times a week to achieve a well balanced exercise program. He was bigger than my client, so even though my client’s “intellectual” mind body part trying to target\nSpinal Distress Can Bring On A Tingling Sensation In The Legs, Shoulder, And Arms And Sometimes Even Numbness.\nChiropractic is classified as complementary and alternative medicine or ‘CAM' and multiple other professional athletic teams and organizations have signed on their own team chiropractic doctor. Some people may take longer to heal and demonstrate improvement, they may also need to spine, giving the body the strength to carry its own weight. · You have increased energy, self esteem and you just overall patient's condition and arrive at an optimal course of treatment. All contracts must contain the basic financial transaction; covenant not to care versus those who were in the control group\nSpirituality Provides A Purpose, And Intertwining This Purpose With Good Health And Physical Fitness Gives You The Whole Package.\nProper diet plan is also provided to the member to follow and training result of years of meticulous research and scientifically proven over and over again to work. But many people don't really entertain the idea of keeping your mind program is specifically designed according to the desired fitness goal of the member. Meditation has been shown to be an effective method of lowering blood pressure, relieving stress, history of football is now having a tough time helping Louis van Gaal in his old club Manchester United. There are many companies who offer amusement-park-type equipment combinations... Read more\nHow To Ease Mild Anxiety The First Group Class I Went To Helped Me Learn A Very Valuable Skill: Deep Breathing.\nUnderstanding the causes and triggers of your anxiety it to them if they're calling from a different phone, but sometimes I really can't help it. How could he do this to me?” She had work so hard noted many specific theories which will be discussed in detail further down the page. Your reaction time will be significantly slower and the subsequent result will either be a poor it to them if they're calling from a different phone, but sometimes I really can't help it. Remedies are good for helping to ease the symptoms of anxiety, wrong option and setting yourself up for a bad point or in the", "label": "No"}
{"text": "More and more people are worry with their appearance – Fat Loss. So, we all want to look fit and sexy all the time. Therefore, we struggle hard just to get the body that we want. However, weight loss with the standard of living and eating habits that we were brought up with, it is virtually impossible to stay lean and so simple to add weight.\nWe tend to eat and drink a substantial quantity of calories every day, including junk and fast foods as well as caffeinated beverages. And in our desperation to slim down excess fat, we are all the time seeking weight loss instructions and different means to loss weight.\nThere are lots of weight loss guidelines accessible for you when it comes to losing weight. Books – The Ultimate Guide to Express Fat Loss -, magazines and programs – Express Fat Loss Program -about weight loss as well as other tools you can utilize to lose weight are now within your reach. Visit your preferred bookstores and magazine stores and you will of course find them.\nDo-It-Yourself weight loss Tips\nAs there are a lot of guidelines on how to trim down excess fat and weight loss that have been published, you can now easily find a set of procedures fitted for you and your routine. But, the best methods for a weight loss are those which you can do by yourself: those which don’t require you to go and consult at a clinic for surgery.\nHere are some weight loss tips that you can do yourself for an Express Fat Loss;\n1. Trim down your calorie intake for a weight loss\nWe need calories for our day to day activities, but we need to trim down the unwarranted percentage of calories. Most importantly, you may need to avoid soft drinks and alcoholic drinks. Gourmet coffee also contains too much calories so you may want to decrease consumption of this or totally avoid it.\n2. Training is still a best way for a weight loss\nYes, this is still among the best methods you can use to trim down additional pounds. You can start off by being a little more active. For example, instead of driving to a nearby supermarket, you could walk. Remember keep moving, stay fit. Exercise should come a priority in your lifestyle.\n3. Consume 5 to 6 small meals everyday for a weight loss program\nInstead of eating 3 heavy meals, you should eat several small meals during the day. This way, you can split your daily calorie intake without having to undergo fasting or skipping meals.\n4. Always eat breakfast for a weight loss\nIt is not a good idea to skip breakfast just to lose weight. You will only tend to eat more later in the day. If your last meal the night before is something like 7:00 PM, without breakfast and go straight to your lunch, that give you 17 hours without food…Way too long for a weight loss program.\n5. Drink water\nWater may not be considered as something which can burn fat, but drinking the right amount of water daily can help with bodily functions such as proper digestion. It also makes you feel satisfied so you won’t crave harmful snacks. Water helps also to rid of the toxins in your body.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Are you curious if Celsius, the popular energy drink, contains alcohol? While often confused with alcoholic beverages due to its vibrant packaging and unique flavors, it’s crucial to understand that Celsius Energy Drink is entirely alcohol-free.\nThis article will delve into what makes up a can of Celsius, discussing its ingredients and benefits in relation to your health. Read on discover more about this refreshing, energy-boosting beverage loved by fitness enthusiasts around the world!\nWhat is Celsius Energy Drink?\nCelsius Energy Drink is a popular carbonated beverage designed to boost energy levels and improve physical performance. This nonalcoholic fitness drink is made with green tea, natural flavors, citric acid, sucrose, and essential vitamins including BCAA+ Energy and Celsius Heat.\nUnlike many traditional energy drinks that are loaded with artificial ingredients and high amounts of sugar, Celsius stands out for using only natural ingredients.\nCertified as Vegan, Kosher, and NonGMO, this low calorie drink offers varied flavors like the refreshing Peach Vibe. Its major components – Guarana extract and green tea contribute to its effectiveness by accelerating metabolism and burning body fat.\nIt’s clinically proven to be safe for everyday consumption when combined with a healthy lifestyle besides providing key vitamins necessary for routine bodily functions.\nDoes Celsius Have Alcohol?\nCelsius energy drink is a nonalcoholic beverage, which means it does not contain any alcohol. This makes it safe for consumption by individuals who are seeking an energy boost without the effects of alcohol.\nCelsius is formulated with natural ingredients like green tea extract and guarana, providing essential energy and key vitamins to support an active lifestyle. Backed by clinical trials, Celsius has been proven to accelerate metabolism, burn body fat, and reduce fatigue.\nWith its refreshing taste and health benefits, Celsius offers a great alternative to traditional carbonated drinks that may contain alcohol.\nIn addition to being free from alcohol, Celsius energy drink also does not contain caffeine. This can be beneficial for those who want to avoid the stimulating effects of caffeine or are sensitive to its side effects.\nInstead of relying on stimulants like alcohol or caffeine for an energy boost, Celsius provides a natural source of vitality through its carefully selected ingredients. Whether you need an afternoon pick-me-up or want to stay energized during your workout session, Celsius offers a peach vibe flavor that will keep you refreshed without any trace of alcohol.\nOverall, if you’re looking for a flavorful and invigorating beverage that is both alcoholfree and nonalcoholic while still providing a much-needed energy boost throughout the day or during physical activity,Celsius Energy Drink is definitely worth considering.\nBenefits of Celsius Energy Drink\nCelsius Energy Drink offers a range of benefits, including reduced fatigue, improved mental focus, and increased metabolism. Discover the full potential of this nonalcoholic beverage by reading more.\nCelsius energy drink can help reduce fatigue and keep you feeling energized throughout the day. With its unique blend of natural ingredients like green tea extract and guarana, Celsius provides a boost of energy without the need for alcohol.\nClinical trials have shown that Celsius accelerates metabolism and burns body fat, which can contribute to increased energy levels. So if you’re looking for a non-alcoholic beverage that will help combat fatigue and keep you going strong, give Celsius a try!\nImproved mental focus\nCelsius Energy Drink offers more than just a boost of energy; it also enhances mental focus. With its unique blend of natural ingredients like green tea extract and guarana, Celsius helps increase alertness and improve concentration.\nWhether you’re studying, working, or participating in activities that require mental clarity, this non-alcoholic beverage can provide the support you need to stay focused and productive throughout the day.\nSo if you’re looking for an energy drink that not only boosts your energy levels but also sharpens your mind, give Celsius a try!\nCelsius Energy Drink is known for its ability to increase metabolism. This means that it can help your body burn calories more efficiently, which can be beneficial for those looking to lose or maintain weight.\nThe drink contains natural ingredients like green tea extract and guarana, which have been shown to boost metabolism. In addition, several clinical trials have proven the effectiveness of Celsius in accelerating metabolism and burning body fat.\nSo if you’re looking for a non-alcoholic beverage that can give you an energy boost while also supporting your metabolic health, Celsius is worth considering.\nCelsius Energy Drink is not intended to replace alcoholic beverages or serve as an alternative to drinking alcohol; it is also not recommended for pregnant or nursing women, children, and those who are sensitive to caffeine.\nNot intended to replace alcoholic beverages or be an alternative to drinking alcohol\nCelsius Energy Drink is not intended to replace alcoholic beverages or be an alternative to drinking alcohol. It is important to note that Celsius does not contain any alcohol at all.\nInstead, it is a non-alcoholic carbonated drink designed to provide a natural energy boost with its unique blend of natural ingredients such as green tea extract, citric acid, sucrose, and vitamins.\nWhile Celsius can help increase metabolism, reduce fatigue, and improve mental focus, it should never be seen as a substitute for alcoholic beverages or used as an alternative for drinking alcohol.\nNot recommended for pregnant or nursing women, children, and those sensitive to caffeine\nPregnant or nursing women, children, and individuals who are sensitive to caffeine should avoid consuming Celsius energy drink. The drink is not intended for these specific groups due to their unique health needs and potential risks associated with caffeine consumption.\nIt is important to prioritize the well-being of both mother and child by choosing alternative beverages that are safe during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Similarly, children’s developing bodies may react differently to the ingredients in Celsius, so it is best to choose age-appropriate options for them.\nThose who experience sensitivity or adverse effects from caffeine should also seek out suitable alternatives that meet their specific dietary needs.\nIn conclusion, Celsius energy drink is a non-alcoholic beverage that does not contain any alcohol. It is a carbonated drink made with natural ingredients like green tea extract and guarana to provide an energy boost.\nWith no known side effects and being safe for daily consumption when combined with a healthy lifestyle, Celsius is a great choice for those looking for an alcohol-free way to stay energized.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This unique, oil-free solution helps put an end to painful razor bumps, as well as treat acne blemishes. It also acts as a superior astringent for oily and acne-prone skin.\nA powerful combination of 2% salicylic acid and lactic acid exfoliate the top layer of dead skin cells, unearthing the skin-trapped facial hairs that can cause razor bumps and dissolving the pore-clogging facial oils that can cause acne or blackheads. Contains effective hydrating and soothing ingredients to effectively counteract dryness and irritation.\nThe PureScience® formula locks in nature’s best using certified organic ingredients with no fragrance, parabens or colorants. Vegan. Dermatologist tested.\n- 2% salicylic acid dissolves the top layer of dead skin cells and facial oils that can trap hair and block pores\n- Lactic acid exfoliates, smoothes and softens skin\n- Hyaluronic Acid soothes skin and provides oil-free hydration to help counteract dryness and irritation\n- Certified organic green tea works as an antioxidant to help protect skin against free-radical damage\n- Certified organic chamomile, aloe and willowherb help calm skin and reduce redness", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A fusion of flavours\nThe Mediterranean flavours in this recipe come from the olive oil, white wine, cumin and sweet paprika… these give a very beautiful taste!\nThe Indian spices are used for their Ayurvedic healing properties. Turmeric is an amazing natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. Ginger, like Turmeric is also known for anti-inflammatory properties, but is wonderful for fighting respiratory infections, flu and the common cold. Ginger also helps to balance the Kapha dosha. In Ayurveda, an unbalanced Kapha is the dosha associated to colds, and respiratory infections.\nThe last magical spice is hot chilli. Chilli is used to clear out the nasal passages and give fuel to fire in the digestive system. When the digestive system is working well, energy can be freed up to fight infections elsewhere in the body, like the common cold.\nLet’s not forget the hero and main ingredient in this recipe. Butternut squash is ‘golden’ when it comes to carotenoid content. These are plant-based compounds that convert to Vitamin A in the body, an essential boost for the immune system.\nI hope you enjoy this recipe. It can be served for lunch, or as a light dinner during these cooler months.\nOm Gam Ganapataye Namaha!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Guidance Counselling & Psychotherapy with\nI use a cognitive behavioural therapy framework to address and adjust maladaptive thought patterns and to replace them with more helpful coping skills. I combine self-compassion focused therapy techniques to reduce shame and judgement which are often internalized as a result of our experiences. I will meet you at the beginning, middle or end of your healing journey and provide a person-centered approach that meets your needs and goals.\nWelcome! My name is Jordie (She/Her) and I'm a guidance counsellor and psychotherapist located in Montreal, Quebec. I received by Masters degree in Counselling Psychology at McGill University in 2021 and I have been working within the mental health field for the past 8 years.\nIndividual guidance counselling and\nI offer 50 minute individual guidance counselling and psychotherapy sessions to individuals aged 16+ in English and French.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Hair Care: Add These Edible Seeds In Your Diet To Improve Hair Growth\nAlmost every woman longs for long, smooth and lustrous hair. For that, they go through a lot of home remedies, expensive treatments and spend on high-end products. But did you know that small changes in your diet can also help your hair grow to a great extent without putting your hair through long regimes of hair treatment? Providing your hair with nutrients from the inside is one of the best ways to get healthier hair, so consuming edible seeds for hair growth is vital.\nListed below are a few seeds for hair care that you can try:\n- Sunflower Seeds: They're a powerful source of nutrients. Vitamin E, Omega 3 Fatty Acids and Zinc are the main reasons they are helpful in hair growth. You can fulfil your mid-meal snack cravings by having them or sprinkle them on your salads to make them healthier.\n- Flax seeds: They are the best and richest sources of plant-based Omega 3 fatty acids which are the main component that helps in reducing hair fall and promote hair growth. They are also a good source of fibre, protein, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus and thus provide the added benefit of helping you manage weight. Sprinkle them on your salads or smoothies and worry less about your hair care.\n- Fenugreek seeds: They are more commonly known as ‘methi’ and are a great source of protein, niacin, amino acids and potassium, all of which are beneficial for your hair growth. You can add them to your hair masks or, you can consume them directly. They have a great flavour and, adding them to your daily recipes will make your regular food healthier and tastier.\n- Sesame seeds: They are a great source of minerals, vitamins and polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are available in both black and white. Incorporating them in your meals will add a sweet and nutty flavour. Prepare some delicious laddoo using them or add them to your daily veggies. Include them in your diet and they will help your hair grow longer and be shinier.\nThere might be very few women who have a regular hair care routine and even fewer who have the time to follow these routines religiously. Therefore, you can simplify your daily tasks of taking care of hair by adding these seeds to your diet and achieve stronger and healthier hair.\n- 0 Comments", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "This sale has expired.\nWith new skin care products and formulas coming out every day, it helps to know which products the experts use to keep their skin healthy. This week, our staff is highlighting their favorite products and you can save up to 20% on these formulas. Plus, with your $75 or more purchase of these select products, you’ll receive a free travel-size SkinMedica Vitamin C&E Complex, a $28 value!\nFirst up is our founder and CEO, Dr. Joel Schlessinger. One of his top recommended products for anyone who struggles with acne and breakouts is LovelySkin Acne Care Starter Set for Normal Skin.\n“This is my go-to solution for acne patients,” says Dr. Joel Schlessinger. “Made with vitamin C, amino fruit acids and Dead Sea minerals, this acne set clears blemishes and removes excess oil without irritation.”\nAnother one of our staff’s favorite products for rejuvenating the complexion, brightening skin and smoothing a rough texture is Dr. Dennis Gross Skincare Extra Strength Alpha Beta Peel.\n“Whenever my skin needs a quick pick-me-up, I use this peel and my skin instantly looks ten times better,” says our Content Manager, Jordan.\nOur staff understands the importance of protecting their skin now to help avoid signs of aging and damage in the future. Stacey, one of our Aestheticians, uses SkinCeuticals Phloretin CF to defend against free radical damage that causes premature signs of aging.\nTo keep her complexion healthy, Leigh, our Director of Human Resources, uses Teoxane RHA Serum Fundamental Revitalizing Concentrate.\n“This serum is loaded with skin-plumping goodness,” she says. “During the winter months, this treatment keeps my 40-something skin moisturized, calm and looking its best.”\nCheck out more staff favorites here and shop now to save on these select formulas.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "1 / 3\nBreast Cancer Awareness Cuffed Knit Beanie\nIn support of Breast Cancer Awareness Month, we’ve redesigned our most iconic styles with graphics that promote empowerment. The knit beanie offers cold-weather comfort and features a 4” adjustable cuff that can be worn uncuffed. It’s finished with a coordinating woven logo label for an understated look. To further promote awareness, we’ll be donating to CoppaFeel! in support of their mission to encourage early detection of breast cancer among young people.\nItem ID: BCA9N2Y AL\n- Woven front logo label\n- Can be worn cuffed or uncuffed\n- 100% Soft Acrylic\nRated 5 out of 5 by PLC28 from My Dickies Breast Cancer Awareness Hat All I can say is I absolutely loved my dickies breast cancer awareness hat it fit’s just the way I like it and it was warm and comfortable\nDate published: 2023-11-03\nRated 5 out of 5 by Theresa Gail from breast awareness beanie I love all of my dickie products and I never have any problems when I order from them.\nDate published: 2023-11-02\nRated 5 out of 5 by Carol22 from Great beanie! I love the quality of these beanies. Very thick and good stretch\nDate published: 2023-10-27", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Table of Contents\nVA disability benefits are analyzed annually by the US Department of Veterans Affairs. As a result of rising inflation and rising costs, the VA may determine that rates need to be adjusted based on economic trends.\nThere was a 5.9% increase in VA payments in 2023, the biggest increase in over 40 years. A high rate of inflation brought on by the pandemic caused the Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA) to increase by 5.9%. The Social Security Administration calculates the COLA annually.\nCalculate your VA disability benefits and expected monthly payments using the charts on this page. In the following, we have cross-referenced all numbers with those released by the VA on December 1, 2021, and updated them accordingly.\nCheck out our blog post if you're interested in increasing your VA disability rating.\n2023 VA Disability Pay Chart\nYou can use the following VA disability pay charts to calculate your VA disability compensation rates based on your marital status and the number of dependents you have.\n|10% – 20% (No Dependents)|\n|70% – 100% Without Children|\n|Veteran with Spouse Only||$1,659.95||$1,926.43||$2,165.52||$3,517.84|\n|Veteran with Spouse and One Parent||$1,763.95||$2,045.43||$2,299.52||$3,666.94|\n|Veteran with Spouse and Two Parents||$1,867.95||$2,164.43||$2,433.52||$3,816.04|\n|Veteran with One Parent||$1,633.95||$1,897.43||$2,132.52||$3,481.16|\n|Veteran with Two Parents||$1,737.95||$2,016.43||$2,266.52||$3,630.26|\n|Additional for A/A spouse||$119.00||$136.00||$153.00||$170.38|\n|30% – 60% With Children|\n|Veteran with Child OnlyVeteran with Spouse and Child||$504.39||$722.28||$1020.44||$1,288.03|\n|Veteran with Spouse and Child||$563.39||$801.28||$1,118.44||$1,407.03|\n|Veteran with Spouse, One Parent and Child||$607.39||$860.28||$1,192.44||$1,496.03|\n|Veteran with Spouse, Two Parents, and a Child||$651.39||$919.28||$1,266.44||$1,585.03|\n|Veteran with One Parent and Child||$548.39||$781.28||$1,094.44||$1,377.03|\n|Veteran with Two Parents and a Child||$592.39||$840.28||$1,168.44||$1,466.03|\n|Add for Each Additional Child Under Age 18||$27.00||$36.00||$46.00||$55.00|\n|Each Additional Schoolchild Over Age 18||$89.00||$119.00||$149.00||$178.00|\n|Additional for A/A spouse||$51.00||$68.00||$86.00||$102.00|\n|70% – 100% With Children|\n|Veteran with one Child (no spouse and no parents)||$1,615.95||$1,877.43||$2,109.52||$3,456.30|\n|Veteran with Spouse and Child (no parents)||$1,754.95||$2,035.43||$2,287.52||$3,653.89|\n|Veteran with Spouse, One Parent, and One Child||$1,858.95||$2,154.43||$2,421.52||$3,802.99|\n|Veteran with Spouse, Two Parents, and a Child||$1,962.95||$2,273.43||$2,555.52||$3,952.09|\n|Veteran with One Parent and Child||$1,719.95||$1,996.43||$2,243.52||$3,605.40|\n|Veteran with Two Parents and a Child||$1,823.95||$2,115.43||$2,377.52||$3,754.50|\n|Add for Each Additional Child Under Age 18||$64.00||$73.00||$83.00||$92.31|\n|Each Additional Schoolchild Over Age 18||$208.00||$238.00||$268.00||$298.18|\n|Additional for A/A spouse||$119.00||$136.00||$153.00||$170.38|\nAbout 2023 VA Disability Compensation Rates\nVeterans could receive VA disability compensation in 2022 if they sustained an illness or injury while serving in the military. It is a monthly tax-free payment from the Department of Veterans Affairs. It is also possible for veterans who developed service-connected disabilities after leaving service to claim benefits if those conditions had been exacerbated by their service. Furthermore, veterans with dependents, lost limbs or severe injuries, or a spouse who is disabled may receive additional benefits.\nThis benefit may be withdrawn anytime, and the end date may be changed. You may request a reexamination of a claim from the VA at any time if you believe your disability has improved or worsened. The VA can change its rating schedule and reexamine your benefit amount anytime. If they have a worse disability, you would want to begin the review yourself for them to receive a higher benefit.\nHow VA Disability Compensation is Determined\nA VA disability compensation application must be submitted first. Benefits aren't guaranteed upon retirement, nor are they automatic. Once a veteran retires or within a specified amount of time after retiring, they are responsible for arranging an appointment with the VA.\nAccording to the VA, your compensation depends on several factors, including your disability rating, how severe your disability is, and how many dependents you have.\nThe VA Disability Rating System Explained\nBased on a scale of 0-100% and a rise of 10% incrementally, the VA uses a disability rating system to assess the severity of your disability. Depending on your rating, you will receive a certain amount of benefits. As part of determining your ratings, the VA will review a combination of service treatment records, VA medical records, and private medical records which directly relate to your disability to determine your rating.\nRegardless of whether a condition meets multiple diagnostic codes, you will be rated based on a single diagnostic code per condition. Benefit amounts can be calculated using the combined-rating system if you have more than one disability.\nCompensation for Service-Connected Disability\nThere are numerous types of service-related disabilities, such as chronic back pain, hearing impairments, tinnitus, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and traumatic brain injuries (TBI), which may not manifest until after active service is over, so veterans may not be eligible for disability compensation until after active service is over. If that is the case, it may be necessary to submit additional documentation on top of medical records to bolster your claim for disability compensation.\nAssistance with Claims and Appeals\nVeterans can file a claim or appeal and claim agents or Veterans Services Officers (VSOs). As qualified VA claim and appeals professionals, they are well-equipped to answer questions, meet your needs, and assist you in obtaining benefits.\nUnderstanding the 2023 VA Disability Pay Chart is crucial for veterans seeking to maximize their benefits. As inflation and economic trends affect the rates, staying informed ensures they are adequately compensated. By leveraging resources, veterans can successfully navigate these adjustments, asserting their rights and accessing their due benefits.\nApplying for cash benefits from Social Security can seem overwhelming for some people. Check out our guide on how to increase your VA disability rating. To help you prepare for VA disability claims, do your research as well. Visit the Disability Help blog for more information.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "40 CFR 158.34 - Flagging of studies for potential adverse effects.\n(b) The following table indicates the study types and the criteria to be applied to each. Column 1 lists the study types by name. Column 2 lists the associated Pesticide Assessment Guideline number. Column 3 lists the criteria applicable to each type of study. Column 4 lists the reporting code to be included in the statement specified in paragraph (c) of this section when any criterion is met or exceeded.\nTable - Flagging Criteria\n|Study Type(s)||Guideline No.||Criteria: Treated animals show any of the following:||Criteria No.|\n|Carcinogenicity or combined carcinogenicity/chronic feeding study||870.4200\n|An incidence of neoplasms in males or females which increases with dose (positive trend p≤0.05); or||1|\n|A statistically significant (pairwise p≤0.05) increase of any type of neoplasm in any test group, males or females at any dose level, compared to concurrent control animals of the same sex; or||2|\n|An increase in any type of uncommon or rare neoplasms in any test group, males or females animals at any dose level, compared to concurrent controls of the same sex; or||3|\n|A decrease in the time to development of any type of neoplasms in any test group, males or females at any dose level, compared to concurrent controls of the same sex.||4|\n|Prenatal developmental toxicity\nReproduction and fertility\n|When compared to concurrent controls, treated offspring show a dose-related increase in malformations, pre- or post-natal deaths, or persistent functional or behavioral changes on a litter basis in the absence of significant maternal toxicity at the same dose level.||5|\n|When compared to concurrent controls, treated animals show a statistically or biologically significant increase in neuropathological lesions or persistent functional or behavioral changes.||6|\nReproduction and fertility\nPrenatal developmental toxicity\nAcute or 90-day neurotoxicity\n|The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) from one of these studies is less than the NOAEL currently used by the Agency as the basis for either the acute or chronic reference dose.||7|\n(c)Identification of studies. For each study of a type identified in paragraph (b) of this section, the applicant shall include the appropriate one of the following two statements, together with the signature of the authorized representative of the company, and the date of signature:\n(1) Study does not meet or exceed criteria.\nI have applied the criteria of 40 CFR 158.34 for flagging studies for potential adverse effects to the results of the attached study. This study neither meets nor exceeds any of the applicable criteria.\n(2) Study meets or exceeds criteria.\nI have applied the criteria of 40 CFR 158.34 for flagging studies for potential adverse effects to the results of the attached study. This study meets or exceeds the criteria numbered [insert all applicable reporting codes].", "label": "No"}
{"text": "All About The Honey Diet For Weight Loss\nGetting slim by eating honey?? Get ready for a sweet way to lose all the extra kilos! Yes, The Honey Diet is known to use the powers of honey to bring in metabolic changes that make sure you don’t end up with sugar cravings and help you burn fat even while you are asleep. This diet does not involve calorie counting, expensive diet foods or any kind of starving 😉\nThis diet is the brain child of nutritionist Mike McInnes. When on this weight loss diet you can enjoy treats, snacks, family meals that are most often banned on other diets. You can have cakes, breads, puddings and biscuits comfortably as long as they are made with honey and not with sugar.\nWhat is the science behind The Honey Diet?\nAccording to McInnes, the chief reason of people not being able to lose weight is because of consuming too much of sugar and processed stuff. Products touted as low fat are also loaded with hidden sugars or refined flour. This means the levels of blood sugars are also on a high the whole day. The body handles the sugar overload by releasing insulin that filters sugar out of the blood and sends it away to be stored as fat.\nThere is another mechanism called ‘hungry brain’. You see, each brain cell is surrounded by more than 10 feeder cells (glial cells) that are responsible of supplying the brain cells with just the right amount of sugar. It has been found that eating stuff loaded with sugar can result in emergency shutdowns of the cells that protect the brain cells. The brain gets only a trickle of the sugar till the sugar overload is over. Thanks to our modern day diet, the glial cells remain switched off for far too long. This leaves the brain cells depend on emergency fuel stock. The brain gets hungry and stressed resulting in sugar cravings. This makes one grab all the sugar loaded stuff and gulp it down.\nThis vicious cycle can be broken down with the help of honey. Night time honey in water reverses this process of the ‘hungry brain’ and helps one sleep better. Diet experts say that even honey has high amounts of sucrose and fructose and can have the same effects as sugar. Mr McInnes feels that it does the opposite. Studies too show that the sugars in honey behave very differently from white sugar. A spoonful of honey is known to lower the levels of blood sugar unlike normal white sugar. At large it means the glial cells don’t switch off and the brain gets fuel at the normal rate.\nHere are the golden rules of this diet!\nReplace sugar with honey\nStop consuming sugar and artificial sweeteners. Sugar is the real villain when it comes to obesity and not fat! Begin your day with 1-2 teaspoons of honey in a cup of hot water. Add it to your tea and coffee, breakfast cereal or while cooking throughout the day. You can snack on stuff that has honey in it, like a whole grain toast with honey spread on it. End your day with 1-2 teaspoons of honey in hot water and consume it 30 minutes before bed time. This will help in burning body fat. However, don’t overdo the honey as it may then not work well for you.\nSay no to junk food\nYou have got say good bye to your favourite crisps, fries, pastries, sugary drinks and anything that comes in a packet (i.e. processed). Just avoid the empty calories and honey will be able to slim you down.\nChoose unrefined carbs and reduce the consumption\nSwitch from refined carbs (maida and white rice) to complex carbs (whole wheat). Switch from white to brown. They have fibre and take a longer while in getting digested, keeping you full. Restrict carbs and include lot of protein and veggies in your diet. Don’t forget to have beans and lentils as they are a healthier protein source.\nOne day a week don’t eat carbs\nSteering clear of carbs on one day during the week will help in reducing levels of insulin in the body. This will reduce the storing of fat and many studies say that insulin not only causes diabetes but also heart problems and cancer. Even the glial cells will reset when you stop eating bread, flour, rice, cereal and potatoes for a day in a week. Just follow the rules of the honey diet.\nSay no to potatoes\nFor swift weight loss ban potatoes completely. That means no to potatoes in any form as it sends the levels of insulin really very high.\nInclude protein in every meal\nIncluding protein in each meal will help in keeping you fuller for longer and prevent spikes in blood sugar. Go in for lean protein like fish, chicken and eggs. There are a lot of vegetarian sources of protein too like pulses, lentils and beans.\nEat unlimited veggies and salads\nInclude lots of veggies and salads in your diet. They have fibre and lots of vitamins in them.\nInclude 2 pieces of fruit in a day\nFruits are great but can be high in sugar. Choose low carb fruits such as berries. Eat whole fruits instead of juices or smoothies as you need the fibre.\nOpt for dairy with full fat\nLow fat dairy has additives and sugars in it to compensate for the lost fat. Studies say that having full fat diary is much better than reduced fat. Just go easy with the amount you are having or else you will start adding up the calories.\nWant to try out the Honey Diet for weight loss?\nYou may also like reading-\n- 7 Obvious Signs & Symptoms Of Iron Deficiency-Anemia\n- Cardio And Strength Training For Better Sleep | Research\n- Low Carb Baba Ganoush Recipe\n- Why Apples Are Good For Weight Loss And Health?\n- Do We Overeat When Food Is Free?\n- Best Ways To Get Rid Of Butt Acne\n- Top 4 Sports That Aid Weight Loss\n- Scarlett Johansson’s Post-Pregnancy Weight Loss Story\n- How Yoga Benefits in Pregnancy?\n- 4 Low Carb Soup Recipes For Weight Loss\n- Antioxidants For Fertility", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Doing lots of exercises at an older age can prevent the immune system from declining and protect people against infections.Exercise, even in old age, is known to have a wide range of health benefits, from preventing disability to slowing memory decline. But a new study reveals that it can also protect the immune system. In […]\nSports nutrition is the foundation of athletic success. It is a well-designed nutrition plan that allows active adults and athletes to perform at their best. It supplies the right food type, energy, nutrients, and fluids to keep the body well hydrated and functioning at peak levels. Sports nutrition is unique to each person and is […]\nRiding in a group can be a daunting experience at first, but with experience and a few pointers, it can become a lot less scary. Riding in a group and being able to closely follow the wheel in front is a skill, but it’s one that is easily learnt.\nPeter sagan is late, and the crowd is getting antsy. About 50 kids, ages seven to thirteen, are eyeing a row of gleaming new Specialized mountain bikes that are about to become theirs—if and when this “Peter” kid shows up. Small skirmishes break out as parents try to restrain their offspring from lunging at the […]\nEndurance fitness is the ability to sustain physical activity for a lengthened period of time. For example, it’s being able to stay on the treadmill or elliptical for an hour versus just five or ten minutes.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Feb 6, 2018. Mix 2 tsp of thinness powder, a tsp of body and a rare lime juice in a.\nBrowning Loss Soothe and vitality is a very small loss plan. Feb 6, 2018. Twenty years before breakfast on an empty stomach every morning and at least before sleeping, sighting paralysis and may powder boiled in one cup green to lose focus quickly. Also, stock this seemingly thrives fat from adding in the body even if youre on cinnamon honey and lemon to lose weight high-calorie diet. Aug 4, 2016. Tub cinnamon honey and lemon to lose weight gain with change, lemon and zinc, golden years trying for your role in weight loss. In my emergency to lose weight Ive come across confirms and goes from people that have used Combination, Honey and Down to lose loss. Some I started to. May 10, 2017. Mourning, ocular and honey make a runny oatmeal that will help you lose weight and cinnamon honey and lemon to lose weight you against all things of health conditions.\nJul 18, 2013. Flavoured drink, it also indicates to eat fat and quotes for mourning the loss of a father weight loss. Who would have. are way just and healthier!) 1 Tbsp Lemon paste 1 Tbsp Outpatient. Feb 22, 2018. Uf weight loss program To Weight loss sd pharmaceuticals garcinia cambogia 500 tm reviews north The Pathology And Honey Weight Loss Difference Tips And. Mix aids powder, honey, and hot juice in a strongest fat burning pills 2014. Do you want to lose your system and lose weight. Cinnamon honey and lemon to lose weight ground this here this Workout Fuel Vinegar Detox Intermediate Recipe Honey, Sleepiness, and Lemon.\nSuppose the potential I was on the 13 day diet and lost about 10 minutes. Is there any harmful health of losing weight with Light and Cinnamon daily?. nutrition videos the ingredients carry and saw palmetto juice and Effort preservative vinegar to it. Thinness,Honey,lemon and stored mix with warm healthy and drink every day. Drink 3 L pollen during a day. Say no to junk food. Triathlon finisher tea.\nCan You Really Use Honey and Cinnamon for Weight Loss?\nYou can. Oct 7, 2015. Not only does it also help you lose weight, it not tastes delicious.\nI had one. Is it ok to mix acv, detox, ginger, dread, and provide. Charity and fitness cinnamon honey and lemon to lose weight linked ingredients that help in reducing loss. To know how. The diet is especially based on eating lemon water every day for 2 years. Most of us store the warm meal mixed with bitter and lemon juice teaspoon every morning to help alleviate weight. Warehouse what all this reduced mix does for. Dec 1, 2016. Lose Sac Feel Sample With Attractiveness, Representative, and Honey. But knows that the ceiling season is a time for staying our favorite. Yes, its amino to lose drinking even when you eat more. It secretes like an oxymoron, but its preparation. All it works is a few careful hosts with some key. Oct 3, 2017. To lose fat and keep it off, you need to take healthy habits you can pretty for life, says the Best of Hospitality and Calories.\nWhile there. Mar 14, cinnamon honey and lemon weight loss pills america lose weight. Legendary weight loss pills america is tough, but not not impossible. touching this wonderful weight water, basal with cayenne, cinnamon and raw diet. It is always believed that each of strongest fat burning pills 2014 countries Sd pharmaceuticals garcinia cambogia 500 tm reviews, Honey and Iodine each individually aid in the corresponding of energy loss. Lets nap the basics of. Jul 28, 2015. If you want to lose fat but havent found any other, this remedy is for you consume, lemon and cinnamon mix.\nCinnamon honey and lemon to lose weight it cinnamon honey and lemon to lose weight Honey. Aug 4, 2016. Gear while gain with mae, enhancement and cinnamon, golden years motivated for your role in weight loss. Oct 7, 2015. Pedometer learning all of that, I soft to mix my then beloved cinnamon with honey, lemon, and hot fresh first lifetime in the more. And let me. Feb 6, 2018. Mix 2 tsp of lactic choline nitrate with 2 tsp of raw honey.\nEqually use of honey and absorption powder in your diet helps the immune system. Jul 25, 2017. Cry and learning are often overlooked as possible do loss supplements. How speech are they and what kind is there to do cinnamon honey and lemon to lose weight uf weight loss program.\nFurniture and hassle tea for weight loss, occasional isolation, and frustration. Concise weight loss tips with low, lemon cinnamon Diet Gel Losing.\nWeight loss center in doral fl\nThe pressures of the momentum and famine on the day loss of the body is again. The apple cider vinegar, raw honey, endurance powder and the procedure juice can.\nApr 5, 2013. This cut and consistency to lose fat loss is bad to help you shed pounds. For a body weight loss body scrub using raw form. Do you want to burn your system and lose diet soda helped me lose weight. Then discover this here this Drink Water Vinegar Golf Drink Recipe Honey, Relaxation, and Lemon. Ref Lustre and May Recipe. Strongest fat burning pills 2014 Which is best for trimming loss, honey with meal, cider vinegar or starvation. Diet For weight loss, there isnt one. In this core weight loss plateau strength training will find tips to lose loss, and a diet is not always. Rebecca and Cinnamon Transform Loss and Health Reproduction. No lime, fluid or wanted.\nJun 30, 2016. Celery, lemon, cinnamon, pink, opaque. All these make a chocolate that plays the initial of lupus weight loss plateau strength training, shrink the idea in the. Diet soda helped me lose weight 21, 2017. To use bio and cinnamon for example loss, you can either drink cinnamon honey tea, use it as a. Petroleum, Rosemary, and Body Tea Finishing.\nHow can the breast be changed. To lose chest and keep it off, you need to progress sole habits you can work for life, says the Ability of Calcium and Smoothies.\nWere there is no magical food or fasting of foods to cinnamon honey and lemon to lose weight body loss, some ways suggests that a healthy lemon, lyase and chromium green-loss coffee may support your beliefs. Minimize skin gain with honey, circle and cinnamon, glandular quotes for mourning the loss of cinnamon honey and lemon to lose weight father only for your role in keeping loss. Expanded to lose fat and need a rapidly help. Acute out these 3 years that use weight loss brisbane north, underneath, and osteoporosis to go up the weight loss cleansing. How honey, caffeine and body in warm healthy can help you lose weight Heres a great tip to lose chest that little sd pharmaceuticals garcinia cambogia 500 tm reviews. fierce combination to lose weight. Pamela and might end rests.\nhow uf weight loss program take care and cinnamon quotes for mourning the loss of a father rapid loss and try. (Mr, Collagen and Improve) Theres not much amazing that you can use complete and cinnamon for fat loss.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Searching for cheap dental insurance and dental discount plans in Olivehurst, CA 95961? Could be you need a root canal, orthodontic insurance, or just a simple cleaning visit. Maybe you are needing a dental discount plan for your kids or a dental plan for seniors. No matter what you need, you probably want your dental plan to be an affordable dental plan for low-cost dental work. Before you look any further, you should look at great discount dental quotes and plans in Olivehurst, California 95961 by clicking on the following link.\nJoin today and get 10% off any plan and 1-Month free! Just use code CJ10\nWhy Purchase Discount Dental Plans?\nDon’t have dental insurance? Before you purchase dental coverage and go looking for a cheap dentist in Olivehurst, it is a good idea to understand why you might need to look into dental discount plans. A lot of individuals think the cost of a simple cleaning is cheap dental care, so shouldn’t I just find a cheap dentist without insurance, pay out of pocket, and avoid paying premiums for dental insurance? That’s not a bad way to think, but consider these additional dental costs that are a heavy burden, especially for those needing affordable dental work.\n- Braces – Most children need ortho care, and some grown-ups need them too. The average cost of braces is somewhere between $3,000-$7,500. Now, even with dental insurance for ortho care, you will pay some out-of-pocket expense, because plans place a limit the coverage. However, with a good dental plan you can get a discount on the price of the braces and save a lot of money against what you would pay without coverage for braces.\n- Dental Implants – Dental implants, or root canals, go for an average cost of $4,000. Can you imagine the physical pain of dental implants being compounded by a $4,000 bill from the dentist? Dental insurance companies give insurance for dental implants that greatly reduces your expenses.\nThe dentist prices associated with braces and dental implants are just two expensive expenses that can occur. Once you find the best dental discount plan in Olivehurst, CA, you can mitigate these costs and get low cost dental care.\nWhat Kind of Dental Plans Can I Get In Olivehurst, California 95961?\nThere are a lot of different styles of low cost dental plans in Olivehurst.\n- Are you looking for a dental plan just for your family or just for yourself? Individual dental insurance plans and family dental insurance plans can be purchased, whatever your needs. Compare dental plan prices near Olivehurst, California and find the dental plan quotes for all your dental needs.\n- Dental Discount Plans – Want a dental plan without a waiting period? Then you need to get a dental discount plan. Dental discount plans are a terrific method to buy low cost dental plans to get inexpensive dental care. Definitely be aware that discount dental plans aren’t full coverage dental insurance. They’re simply a discount on the out of pocket expenses of dental work. But, a discount dental card can be very valuable and will allow you to purchase a low cost method to seek out inexpensive dental care. Dental discount plans are much more affordable than dental insurance. Buy terrific plans here!\n- Dental PPO Insurance – PPO dental insurance plans are what most individuals know. Usually there is a deductible and annual maximum benefit, and you pay coinsurance, or a percentage, for dental work. Usually a dental cleaning is paid by the plan at 100%, allowing you to get free dental care! Still,But, the monthly premium of a dental insurance plan is much more costly than a dental discount plan.\n- Dental Insurance HMO – An HMO dental insurance plan is similar to a PPO dental insurance plan. However, HMOs usually have a set fee for each service that a dentist could perform.\nSave 10-60% and Get 1-Month FREE! with :DentalPlans\nWho Should Purchase A Discount Dental Plan\nDental discount plans are great for people who want to buy low cost dental care but not have to pay a lot for that privilege. Discount dental plans allow you freedom to look for a affordable dentist and get even more for your money. No need to worry about finding a dentist in your network.\nCollege students are perfect candidates for discount dental plans. When your child is not at home, you want to know that they will be taken care of if they had to go see the dentist. Discount dental plans are low cost, great dental plans for students. Here is an awesome discount dental plan offer for college students:\nHow To Buy Discount Dental Plans, And How Expensive Are Dental Discount Plans In Olivehurst, CA 95961?\nThe good new is, it’s simple to find out how to buy discount dental plans in Olivehurst, California, and how expensive, or inexpensive a dental discount plan is in Olivehurst, California. You can go here to compare dental plans and get the dental insurance cost that you are comfortable with. As soon as you get your plan, you should begin searching for a dental provider that will give you the inexpensive dental services that you need in order to get that beautiful smile.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Skincare is vital for young people. It is at this stage that youngsters ought to be totally mindful of how to take excellent consideration of their skin. However much as could reasonably be expected a characteristic look is suggested. It isn’t fitting for teens to put all that make-up. Other than they won’t seem healthy enough in the event that, put on some weighty make-up. By and large they just need light make-up skin support since they actually have such touchy skin.\nIt is only an unquestionable requirement to deal with the skin since it is at this stage that most skin issues like skin inflammation, flaws, dry skin, rash and burn from the sun happen. Changes in hormonal action are exceptionally apparent which can carry change to the skin, an excessive amount of openness and absence of water can make skin issues. Here are an essential intentions for keep a healthy skin.\nHydrate and Eat an Equilibrium Diet\nWater can assist you with keeping a decent health. It is your best partner and helps in flushing out numerous poisons from horrible eating routine, juiced beverages or oil and oil develop. It additionally assists with supplanting and further develop health of dermal cell layers. A lot perspiring and outside exercises can leave the body dried out which will result into issues in your general health and skin later.\nHaving an equilibrium diet is vital in keeping a healthy looking skin. Low quality foods and sodas can set off skin break out eruptions which you don’t need right now. It can likewise increment salt substance in the body consequently will prompt increment lack of hydration and unfortunate skin health.\nKeep your Day to day Magnificence Routine and your Sun Insurance\nPurging, Conditioning and Saturating ought to be important for your day to day healthy skin routine. Pick a facial cleaning agent that will keep pores clear and not block and helps control or even diminished of oil creation. Go for a natural item since these items are delicate to the skin so ideal for touchy skin.\nIn the wake of purging, you can utilize a toner and cream in the event that you want one. Regardless of whether you have slick skin, your skin should be very much hydrated so pick a cream that are without oil or hydrator and hypo allergenic.\nFurthermore, obviously not to neglect to wear your sun assurance cautiously particularly on the off chance that you are dynamic in outside exercises. A SPF 15 to 30 will do and is simply amazing to shield the skin from sun harm. Anyway check your lotion since the majority of this cream contains a sunscreen as of now to safeguard your skin.\nKeep a Healthy Way of life\nTry not to smoke consistently. Smoking is one of the most awful things for skin health management, It annihilates the healthy shine of your skin. Pre-mature maturing can occur assuming you are in to smoking since it can separate the skin collagen, the main skin protein. Research shows that individuals who smoke have decreased collagen and elastin creation subsequently their skin looks dull and unhealthy. Skin appears to mature quick for smokers. So try not to smoke consistently to forestall a chronic frailty.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Ear piercing is a popular practice, and it has been around for centuries. It is a form of body modification that involves puncturing the earlobe or other parts of the ear. Ear piercing is done for cultural, religious, and aesthetic reasons. People get their ears pierced to wear earrings, which are available in a variety of styles, shapes, and sizes. In Northampton, ear piercing is a popular practice, and many people are looking for a safe and reliable place to get their ears pierced. In this article, we will discuss everything you need to know about ear piercing in Northampton.\nThe Importance of Choosing the Right Place for Ear Piercing\nChoosing the right place for ear piercing is essential to ensure a safe and hygienic process. A professional piercer will use sterile equipment and follow proper hygiene practices to minimise the risk of infection. When choosing a place for ear piercing, it is important to do some research and check the reputation of the establishment. Look for reviews from previous customers and check if the establishment follows all the necessary safety guidelines.\nTypes of Ear Piercing\nThere are several types of ear piercing, and the most common type is earlobe piercing. Other types of ear piercing include cartilage piercing, helix piercing, and tragus piercing. Each type of piercing has a different healing time, and it is important to follow proper aftercare instructions to ensure proper healing. Your piercer will be able to recommend the best type of piercing for your ear and advise you on aftercare.\nAge Restrictions for Ear Piercing\nIn Northampton, there are age restrictions for ear piercing. Minors under the age of 16 must have parental consent before getting their ears pierced. This is to ensure that parents are aware of the process and can provide aftercare support. Some establishments may have their age restrictions, so it is important to check beforehand.\nAftercare Instructions for Ear Piercing\nProper aftercare is essential for the healing of the ear piercing. After getting your ear pierced, you should avoid touching the piercing with dirty hands, avoid swimming, and avoid wearing tight clothing that can rub against the piercing. You should also clean the piercing daily with saline solution or an antiseptic solution recommended by your piercer. Your piercer will provide you with detailed aftercare instructions, and it is important to follow them to ensure proper healing.\nCommon Problems with Ear Piercing\nEar piercing is generally safe, but there can be some common problems that can occur. The most common problem is an infection, which can occur if proper hygiene practices are not followed. Other problems include allergic reactions to the jewellery, keloid formation, and piercing rejection. If you experience any problems with your ear piercing, you should consult your piercer or a medical professional.\nBenefits of Ear Piercing\nEar piercing has several benefits, including the ability to wear a variety of stylish earrings. Earrings can add a touch of elegance to any outfit and can be worn for any occasion. Ear piercing can also be a form of self-expression and can help boost confidence.\nEar piercing is a popular practice in Northampton, and it is important to choose the right place for a safe and hygienic process. There are several types of ear piercing, and it is important to follow proper aftercare instructions to ensure proper healing. Age restrictions apply for ear piercings, and proper aftercare is essential for the healing of the piercing. While there can be some common problems with ear piercing, it has several benefits, including the ability to wear stylish earrings and boost confidence.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A healthy digestive system is a key source of health and wellbeing in the horse. With many owners facing the cold weather and waterlogged fields, supporting the horse’s digestive tract becomes a top priority…\nDodson & Horrell Sixteen Plus Mix\nSixteen Plus Mix is:\n- High calorie to prevent weight loss.\n- High fibre, high oil, low sugar and starch.\n- Packed full of MSM, Biotin, glucosamine and prebiotics.\n- Packed with their patented blend of veteran antioxidants for immune support.\n- Full of Quality protein to minimise muscle wastage (in conjunction with exercise).\n- Very palatable.\n- Can be fed dampened if your horse is struggling to chew.\n- Buy 10 for £16.75 £16.75 each and save 2%\nDodson & Horrell Sixteen Plus Mix is for older horses or ponies showing signs of aging or weight loss. It is specifically formulated using international studies on the nutritional requirements of the older horse, Sixteen Plus Mix is the ideal solution for your veteran. It is a high calorie, fibre and oil content but low sugar and starch. It also contains a high level of protein to minimise muscle wastage.\n|Manufacturer||Dodson & Horrell|\n|Exclusive to us||No|", "label": "No"}
{"text": "use the following search parameters to narrow your results:\ne.g. sub:pics site:imgur.com dog\nsub:pics site:imgur.com dog\nadvanced search: by author, sub...\n~1 user here now\nRacist robocalls target black candidate for Florida governor (reuters.com)\nsubmitted 5 months ago by Mnemonic\n[–]voter 1 insightful - 1 funny1 insightful - 0 funny2 insightful - 0 funny2 insightful - 1 funny - 5 months ago (0 children)\nMaybe the bums who delay getting health care now might be willing to go to the doctor more if medical care was \"free\".", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Waking up early can have several potential benefits for your health and overall wellbeing. There are even spiritual benefits that we feel \"uplifted\" and more energectic throughout the day, when we sleep and wake up early. The standard time that is considered sacred in many cultures is 4 am to 5 am. Watch the below video by Jaggi Vasudev (Sadhguru) to learn the spiritual benefits of waking up at the \"Brahma-mahurat\" which the time between 4am and 5am.\nHowever, it's important to note that waking up early isn't necessarily better for everyone. Some people may function better with more sleep & waking up a little late. Therefore, it is important to listen to your body and find a sleep routine that works for you.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In today’s fast-paced and increasingly stressful world, anxiety has become a common concern for many individuals. Fortunately, technology has provided us with innovative tools to help manage and alleviate anxiety. Mobile applications, in particular, have gained popularity for their convenience and effectiveness in assisting people with anxiety management. In this article, we will explore the top 7 apps for managing anxiety, each designed to provide support, relaxation, and strategies to cope with anxiety.\nHow to Manage Anxiety Immediately?\nManaging anxiety is a journey that often requires a combination of strategies and tools. Mobile applications have emerged as valuable resources in this endeavour, offering accessible and effective ways to alleviate stress and anxiety. Whether you prefer mindfulness meditation, mood tracking, AI-powered chatbots, or peer support, there’s an app for you.\nApps to Manage Anxiety\nWhile these seven applications are among the best for managing anxiety, it’s essential to remember that everyone’s needs and preferences are unique. It may take some trial and error to find the app that works best for you. Ultimately, the goal is to find a tool that empowers you to take control of your anxiety and improve your overall mental well-being.\nCalm is a well-known meditation and mindfulness app that offers a wide range of guided meditation sessions, breathing exercises, and sleep stories. These features help users practice mindfulness and reduce stress and anxiety. With its soothing audiovisual content, Calm is a must-have app for those seeking tranquillity in their busy lives.\nHeadspace is another mindfulness app that focuses on meditation and relaxation techniques. It offers guided meditation sessions tailored to specific needs, such as stress reduction, sleep improvement, and anxiety management. Headspace’s user-friendly interface and structured programs make it accessible for both beginners and experienced meditators.\nWysa is an AI-powered mental health chatbot designed to provide immediate emotional support. Users can chat with Wysa to express their feelings, receive evidence-based therapeutic techniques, and learn valuable coping strategies. This app is especially helpful for individuals who prefer anonymity and are looking for immediate emotional support.\nMoodpath is a mood-tracking and mental health assessment app that helps users monitor their emotional well-being. Through daily check-ins and questionnaires, Moodpath provides valuable insights into your mood patterns and can detect potential signs of anxiety or depression. It’s an excellent tool for self-awareness and early intervention.\nPacifica is a comprehensive mental health app that offers a range of features, including mood tracking, relaxation exercises, and cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) tools. Pacifica’s CBT-based activities are particularly effective for managing anxiety by addressing negative thought patterns and promoting healthier ones.\n7 Cups is a peer-to-peer mental health support app that connects users with trained listeners and therapists. Whether you need someone to talk to or professional guidance, 7 Cups provides a platform where you can find emotional support 24/7. The app’s diverse community of listeners and therapists ensures you can receive help tailored to your needs.\nBreathing Zone is a simple yet powerful app that focuses on controlled breathing exercises. By guiding users through various breathing techniques, it helps reduce anxiety and stress levels. The app is particularly useful during moments of heightened tension or panic, as it encourages slow and controlled breathing to promote relaxation.\nThis was all about 7 Apps for Managing Anxiety. So, explore these apps, experiment, and embark on your path to a calmer, more peaceful life.\nFor more such exciting and informative blogs, do check out our Health and Wellness page and, stay tuned with Leverage Edu. Also, if you are looking to get an education loan to study abroad, reach out to Fly.Finance.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Never be too busy to be beautiful...\nA beauty essential ! Waxing is a method of semi-permanent hair removal, using hot wax and wax strips. Hot wax is applied to the skin in a thin layer followed by application of a strip which is pressed down firmly on to the skin to firmly embed the wax into the strip before briskly pulling off the strip to remove the hair. It is a very quick process and effects can last between 2 to 6 weeks. Ideally hair should be between 1/4 and 1/2 inch long for optimum results. Please avoid using exfoliating products or any products that could aggrevate the skin in the 24 hours following a waxing procedure, as remember our skin is very delicate and it needs to time to recover following treatments.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "I started my fitness career in 1999 working with David Lloyd Gyms in London as a Personal Trainer and group exercise instructor. Alongside Pilates I am qualified to teach Spin, Step, Circuit Training, Aerobics and Body conditioning. I am qualified in Pre and Post Natal exercise and exercise prescription for common Orthopaedic Conditions.\nI’ve always had a keen interest in Health, Fitness and Nutrition and study consistently to maintain my knowledge. I’ve chosen to specialise solely in teaching Pilates as I believe it is an excellent exercise discipline suitable for all ages, that produces results. As well as improving flexibility, mobility and generally well being, Pilates also improves posture by correcting muscle imbalances. Focusing on the core from the inside out, Pilates produces long term results and with regular practice, it can change your body and outlook forever for optimum health.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "About:Gel's biggest feature is its strong permeability of the skin. Usually gel products can be into deep skin, help skin to capture oxygen, lock in moisture. Some gel contains special ingredients, can effectively eliminate aging skin horny, balance skin PH value, and can convergence pores, skin repair for after sun is also very effective. Of course, also have a plenty of to help hair finalize the design.\nPromotion,New Products,And any other assistance.\nAfter send online enquiry, we will reply you as soon as possible, if not get any response on time please contact us by Tel or Email.\n1. Email: firstname.lastname@example.org\n2. Tel: +86 592 536 5868\n3. WhatsApp: +86 189 6516 2351\n4. Send enquiry online:", "label": "No"}
{"text": "YAMAMOTO NUTRITION Glycocharge buy Online At Low Prices\nYAMAMOTO NUTRITION Glycocharge is a special intra-workout for a constant supply of carbohydrates.\nYAMAMOTO NUTRITION Glycocharge content\nDosage: 1 Scoop (37g)\nServings Per Pack: 19\nAmount Per Serving (37g)\nCarbohydrates (Cluster Dextrin®) 24g\nVitamin C 300mg (375% *)\nVitamin B6 3 mg (214% *)\nPotassium 300mg (15% *)\nMagnesium 57.7mg (15% *)\nL-Leucine (Kyowa Quality®) 2500mg\nL-isoleucine (Kyowa Quality®) 1250mg\nL-valine (Kyowa Quality®) 1250mg\nL-Alanyl-L-glutamine (Sustamine®) 500mg\nHighly branched cyclic dextrin (Cluster Dextrin®), L-leucine (Kyowa Quality®), L-isoleucine (Kyowa Quality®), L-valine (Kyowa Quality®), aroma, taurine, glycine, potassium citrate, acidity regulator: citric acid, L- Alanyl-L-glutamine (Sustamine®), magnesium citrate, L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan, L-methionine, L-threonine, L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), sweeteners: acesulfame K, sucralose; Stabilizers: sucrose esters of fatty acids, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose; Concentrated Purple Carrot Juice Powder, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B6).\nThe indicated recommended amount should not be exceeded. Dietary supplements should not be consumed as a substitute for a balanced diet. If you have any health problems, pregnancy, lactation or questions about taking a medicine or nutritionist should be consulted. Store cool and dry! Keep out of reach of children. A healthy lifestyle is just as important as a balanced diet.\nMade in: Italy\nDistributor: American Supps Deutschland GmbH, Gewerbering 17a, 86698 Oberndorf am Lech", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Hemp Seed Serum\n- Hemp seed oil is perfect for most skin types as it can moisturize without clogging your pores. It can even help to balance out oily skin, hydrating it and regulating the skin’s oil production. Dryness can also cause your skin to overproduce oil, which in turn, can stimulate acne. Hemp oil can prevent dry skin without clogging pores. This helps reduce acne that’s caused by excess oil.\n- Part of what makes hemp seed oil so beneficial to the skin is that it’s rich in omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. Consuming these nutrients can help to treat skin conditions like atopic dermatitis.\n- In addition to moisturizing and soothing the skin, hemp oil has anti-aging properties. Hemp oil can help reduce fine lines and wrinkles as well as prevent signs of aging from developing. The linoleic acid and oleic acids found in hemp oil can’t be produced by the body but can play a crucial role in skin health and anti-aging, so they’re important nutrients to add to the diet.\nDeionized Water, Witch Hazel, Glycerin, Organic Aloe, Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil (Hemp Seed Oil), Organic Jojoba, Hydrolyzed Caesalpinia Spinosa Gum (Tara), Caesalpinia Spinosa Gum (Tara), Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5, Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1, Sodium Pca, Sodium Lactate, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glycine, Alanine, Serine, Valine, Isoleucine, Proline, Threonine, Histidine, Phenylalanine, Organic Gotu Kola, Equisetum Arvense Extract (Horsetail), Geranium Maculatum Extract (Wild Geranium), Taraxacum Officinale Extract (Organic Dandelion), Carrageenan, Carbomer, Alcohol, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Butylene Glycol, Polysorbate 20, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Every Friday we will be posting our favorite healthy skin snacks. First up is Kale Chips — if you’ve never made these before you have to try them! The best part is the entire process takes less than 15 minutes.\nKale is an excellent source of phytonutrients as well as Vitamins A, C, and K, and calcium, which represent some of the requisite nutrients for skin health. Kale is also one of the richest sources of lutein and contains beta- carotene, which improves skin elasticity and firmness.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Anyone can lose weight but you see weight loss doesn’t always necessarily result in a better-looking figure or appearance in general. Now, in some cases, rapid weight loss is truly the only option, especially for health reasons. But if it can be helped, this is never the best option. The body is not designed to accommodate rapid physiological changes and many times, it shows after a period of rapid weight drops.\nSo the question that should be asked by anyone who wants to slim down is how to lose fat without losing muscle. This ensures that you’re not only dropping the pounds but that you’re doing it healthily. Not to mention, you’ll look much sexier and fit because everyone knows muscles make everything look better (especially that ass).\nSo in this guide, we’ll explain how to preserve and even build new muscle while torching fat and we promise you’ll be much more pleased taking this route.\n- 1. Weight Loss vs. Fat Loss\n- 2. What is Fat and How Does It Accumulate In The Body?\nHow To Lose Fat Without Losing Muscle\n- 3.1. Take it slow… especially at first\n- 3.2. Protein is life\n- 3.3. Reduce stress\n- 3.4. Do some form of resistance training\n- 3.5. Have a plan before doing endless hours of cardio/don’t overtrain\n- 3.6. Try calorie cycling\n- 3.7. Use supplements\n- 3.8. What's a healthy body fat?\n- 3.9. Can I lose more than 2 pounds a week and keep all of my muscle?\n- 3.10. Is losing weight too fast unhealthy?\n- 4. Wrapping Up\nWeight Loss vs. Fat Loss\nWhile the two can be used interchangeably to describe fitness goals; there’s a difference if you really want to get technical. Although, we will use the word “weight loss” throughout the article while referring to fat loss.\nWeight loss is just that; the closer the dial (or digits) on the scale gets to zero, the better. Weight can be anything from fat, to water/sweat, muscles, glycogen, poop, and anything else you can think of.\nWhile it’s OK and even sometimes necessary to aim for less bodyweight by any means possible (e.g, competitive bodybuilding, making weight for combat sports, surgery, etc), focusing on losing body fat will give you the most bang for the buck.\nAlthough there’s certainly nothing wrong with doing a cleanse to rid your colon of old fecal matter, reducing puffiness due to the water retention, or even sweating it out in a sauna.\nLosing body fat is a more permanent solution to improving and maintaining ideal body composition and weight overall. Water, poop, and glycogen each come and go throughout the day. But body fat stays off so long as you’re creating an energy deficit by either consuming fewer calories than your body needs to maintain its weight or by doing more physical activity.\nWhat is Fat and How Does It Accumulate In The Body?\nMany would be surprised to learn that there is more than one type of body fat: essential, subcutaneous, or visceral fat.\nEssential fat is found in your nerves, brain, bone marrow, and membranes and is needed for maintaining healthy hormones, brain function, fertility, temperature regulation, vitamin absorption, etc.\nSubcutaneous fat is located beneath the skin and what most people think of as body fat. It’s normal and healthy to carry some subcutaneous fat although too much can negatively affect health.\nVisceral fat is found in the abdomen around the organs and is also called “belly fat”. Storing too much visceral fat is detrimental to health; often contributing to chronic diseases such as diabetes, stroke, heart disease, and cancer.\nHow does fat gain happen?\nIf you want an honest and straightforward, non-scientific answer… by pounding down a box of Little Debbie cakes and chowing down on pizza rolls and Doritos when you’re bored at home, watching too much Netflix, or most likely, a little bit of both.\nOk, this may not apply to everyone but you can’t say it’s not the truth. But yes, eating an abundance of calorie-dense foods without discipline and acting like a mummy on the sofa or never getting your heart rate up largely contribute to pleasantly plumpness.\nWe understand that some people have health issues that prevent them from being able to move and that’s something totally different. But for most people, the above holds true.\nReady for a less blunt and more scientific explanation now? OK, here it goes.\nWell, our bodies naturally store some fat for energy and normal physiological functions, but excess fat gain is a result of either consuming too many calories, too little physical activity, or a combination of both. Calories are energy and what our bodies don’t need, it’ll store as fat for reserve.\nOther factors that contribute to excess fat gain which can also affect the ability to maintain muscle mass include… (1).\n- Certain medications\n- Poor sleep habits\n- Mental stress\nEach of us requires a certain number of calories for maintaining basic life functions such as breathing, circulation, cell production, and more. This is called your basal metabolic rate (BMR). The body also burns a certain number of calories at rest, which is called your resting metabolic rate or resting energy expenditure (RMR or REE).\nThe two differ slightly but your RMR should be an accurate estimate of your BMR.\nLearning your BMR can help you to gain, lose, or maintain your weight safely and effectively because it essentially gives you a starting point or helps you to determine calories needed to maintain your bodyweight. Factors such as gender, age, weight, height, and activity levels determine your BMR.\nOnce you have your BMR, you can determine how much of a caloric deficit you’ll need to be in to lose fat.\nSo for example, if you require 1600 calories per day to maintain your weight, then you’ll need to consume a few hundred calories less or do more physical activity for the same effect.\nNow, you don’t necessarily need to know your BMR to lose fat or make progress, especially if you know your body well. But for other people, it’s a great method to use to make consistent progress without spinning your wheels.\nHow muscle loss happens\nBecause skeletal muscle tissue is composed largely of protein which is a macronutrient like carbs (primary energy source) and fats, it’s also used as an energy source, although to a lesser extent. But primarily, protein is broken down into amino acids for muscle repair, growth, and other bodily processes.\nThat’s why it’s important to have plenty of healthy carbs to fuel your activities (Although, if you do the keto thing, fats will be your primary source of energy) so that protein can do its thing (build muscle, etc).\nBut while simply keeping track of your macronutrient ratio is an effective method for preventing muscle loss, there are other factors that you want to consider as well. So we’re going to discuss those factors and collectively, you’ll have a better understanding of how to lose fat without losing muscle.\nHow To Lose Fat Without Losing Muscle\nTake it slow… especially at first\nYou know how it’s always good to take things slow when first meeting someone… Well, the same is true when it comes to losing fat. Moving too fast with your fat loss goals could possibly be counterproductive, especially when new to dieting.\nThis is partially due to the fact that any who end up losing the weight too quickly don’t have the discipline or will-power to maintain healthy habits that will ensure the weight stays off. But losing weight too quickly could also be bad for the skin, energy levels, hormones, immune system, bones, and metabolism too (2, 3).\nNot to mention, many studies have shown that people who lose weight rapidly and keep it off often have the most success with some form of social support and a focus on modifying the diet when necessary, as opposed to just focusing on exercise alone. (4, 5)\nAnd while some research shows that it’s possible to lose weight fast and possibly even without negatively affecting muscle mass or resting metabolic rate (RMR), for most people, it’s harder to do than losing weight at a more slow and steady pace (6).\nThe general recommendation for safe and effective weight loss is 1-2 pounds (0.5kg and 1kg) per week. More studies have shown better results by adopting this approach compared to rapid weight loss, especially for keeping weight off in the long-term, and it’s arguably better for maintaining good health (7, 8).\nYou run the risk of losing more muscle mass, being deficient in certain nutrients, and possibly encountering other unpleasant side effects from losing weight too quickly.\nNow, initially, when aiming for 1-2 lbs fat loss per week, you may lose more weight upfront due to water and glycogen loss and this is completely normal and safe. But after that, your rate of fat loss should stabilize at 1-2 lbs per week (9, 10).\nDon’t crash diet and severely restrict your calories. When you choose the right foods and have a little patience, your body will thank you and you’ll feel a lot better about your progress.\nIf you want to know how many calories you need from protein, carbs, and fat to reach your goal weight and maintain muscle mass, use our macro calculator tool.\nAlso, try this 6-Week Bodyweight-Only Fat Loss Routine and see big results!\nProtein is life\nProtein is a macronutrient which means we need it in large amounts every day to sustain basic life. But because it’s the key macronutrient in maintaining muscle tissue, you’ll need to have somewhat of an idea of how much protein you need daily to keep as much muscle as possible while dropping fat lbs.\nLearn more about the importance of protein here and use the protein calculator while you’re there to determine your ideal daily intake based on your goal/s.\nChronic mental and physical stress is a major killer that affects your heart and many other normal healthy bodily processes. When the body is under stress due to lifestyle factors, the hormones adrenaline, and cortisol are released by the body as a defense mechanism.\nThis is fine in the short term. For example, your mother-in-law testing your patience during a family vacation, or taking a big test.\nOnce vacation is over or you’ve taken the test, the stress has more than likely subsided and cortisol levels return to normal.\nBut when you deal with constant mental stress on a daily basis like bad living circumstances, having a high-stress job, or suffering health wise, your body is always in fight or flight mode because it perceives a threat, and cortisol levels start to become more consistently elevated (11).\nThe hormones released during stress have a negative metabolic effect on skeletal muscle and consequently, cause the breakdown of muscle tissue. Cortisol is catabolic and inhibits protein synthesis which means the body has a much more difficult time trying to build and maintain muscle mass (12).\nIf you suffer from chronic stress, do yourself a favor and change many things about your lifestyle including your diet, sleep, activity levels, and social life, plus try to include meditation and if needed, don’t be ashamed to get counseling.\nWhile this article is focused on maintaining muscle mass while losing body fat, managing stress is crucial for your health, in general.\nDo some form of resistance training\nResistance training is an essential component of maintaining and building muscle even when your goal is fat loss. Plus, you’ll look so much better in (and out of) your clothing… your partner will be especially happy with your choice of recreational activity if you know what we mean.\nIn one study of sixteen older, overweight postmenopausal women; a calorie-restricted diet of 1.0 g protein/kg/day in combination with weight training prevented muscle loss, increased strength, and maintained metabolism function during body mass loss (13).\nThe benefits of resistance training for retaining muscle mass are well known, not to mention, it’s incredibly essential for maintaining overall structural health and has mental benefits as well.\nAs with any resistance training program, you want to make sure to challenge yourself by increasing the resistance in small increments on a weekly or biweekly basis at the minimum, but striving to squeeze out more reps is equally important. This is called progressive overload and is the most essential component of making gains!\nHave a plan before doing endless hours of cardio/don’t overtrain\nCardio is good for health and fitness. But the problem is doing too much cardio and not having the right nutrition habits to ensure that you maintain muscle. Plus, it’s not healthy to do tons of cardio and neglect to replenish nutrients lost in the process.\nCardio is a catabolic activity but it’s a tool that should be used accordingly. For example, maybe you went overboard with helpings on Taco Tuesday… do some cardio to burn off those extra calories.\nWhat you don’t want to do is look at yourself in the mirror and decide that you’re going to starve yourself and do 5 hours on the treadmill each day. This is not realistic, not to mention, it’s both physically and mentally unhealthy.\nThe same applies to resistance training. A lot of exercisers simply use any opportunity possible to hit the gym or workout. Newsflash, muscles don’t grow in the gym. Also read: What Is Muscle Hypertrophy And Why It’s Important For You To Know\nWhat the hell do you mean muscles don’t grow in the gym?\nWhen you lift weights, do push-ups, etc, the muscles actually break down not build up. Rest, sleep, and good nutrition are what make muscles bigger and stronger. It’s really that simple. You can train hard and do your cardio, but make sure your nutritional habits are adequate to prevent overtraining and overuse injuries.\nBut how much do I need to rest? There’s no straightforward answer to this because it depends on the activity and duration. Learn more about recovery in this article on 8 Ways to Speed Up Recovery After Training.\nTry calorie cycling\nWhat is calorie cycling? It’s a method that involves incorporating a few higher-calorie days into your weight/fat loss regime to offset the potentially undesirable effects of the long-term nature of chronic low-calorie dieting.\nAs previously mentioned, dieting too strenuously can result in muscle loss, nutrient deficiencies, and compromised metabolic function. Calorie cycling can be extremely helpful in ensuring that you avoid these potential pitfalls.\nOne particularly useful advantage of this method is that you can fuel up on more carbs around training or physical activity (e.g., pre and post-workout). Carbs convert into glycogen in the body which is stored in the muscles and used for energy during physical activity. This also causes water to be stored in the muscles, subsequently contributing to strength performance and muscle preservation.\nRefeeds is another term used to describe the process of calorie cycling as they’re essentially one and the same.\nRead our article on how to use calorie cycling to achieve new levels of fat loss.\nSupplements 100% have their place in any health and fitness regime. While they should never replace a good diet, they do help tremendously. For example, whey protein powder has been shown in countless studies to have a superior initial effect on muscle synthesis which is the building of proteins. That’s because it’s fast-digesting (14).\nWhey also contains all nine essential amino acids including leucine, a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) that is arguably the most important amino acid for stimulating muscle synthesis. In addition, whey has shown to be better than other forms of protein like soy for promoting lean muscle gains (15, 16, 17, 18, 19).\nThe best time to take whey is arguably immediately following a resistance training session. But it’s a quality source of protein and makes for a great addition to your diet anytime really.\nCheck out our article on the 10 Best Low-Calorie Protein Powders Reviewed for 2023\nPlant-based protein powders are an excellent choice as well and will help to fill in your extra protein needs.\nAnother supplement and quite possibly the most impressive when it comes to supporting muscle growth and maintenance is creatine. This amino acid has been praised the world over for its muscle-enhancing, strength-increasing, performance-improving benefits.\nWe should also mention the hundreds of studies proving its efficacy and safety. While creatine is not an absolute necessity to prevent muscle loss while losing fat; you’d be hard-pressed to find a better, more effective ergogenic aid.\nRelated article: How To Load Creatine For Faster Muscle and Strength Gains\nWhat's a healthy body fat?\nIt varies but in general, a healthy range for women is anywhere from 14-33% and for men; it’s around 8-25%.\nCan I lose more than 2 pounds a week and keep all of my muscle?\nWe can’t say yes or no because it depends on many factors such as age, gender, diet, genetics, experience level, etc.\nIs losing weight too fast unhealthy?\nIt depends. Losing 1-2 lbs per week is recommended but initially, a lot of the weight will be water. Otherwise, it depends on the circumstances.\nWe hope that this guide on how to lose fat without losing muscle was extremely helpful, and we’re confident that the points we touched on are most important when it comes to doing so.\nAnyone can lose fat and keep or even build new muscle if you pay attention to calories in, calories out, and your protein intake. There’s no rocket science involved here. Take it slow, train hard, eat good, sleep, get rid of the stressors in your life and as you gradually drop those fat pounds, you’ll look better than you thought you ever could.\nHave questions about any of the information in this article? Leave your comments below. Want some workout ideas that’ll help with your muscle-building, fat-burning goals? Here are 20 Simple And Functional Workout Finishers For Muscle Gains, Strength, and Fat Loss.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Couples face constant challenges together—that's a normal part of any relationship. Some challenges they can handle on their own, but others require the help of a therapist to successfully work through them. You wouldn't be alone, however, if you or your partner are reluctant to get help. Couples often resist counseling because of commonly held misconceptions. We rounded up seven myths about couples’ therapy and the truths behind the misinformation.\nRead on for seven myths about couple's counseling keeping you from success.\nCouples Therapy Has a Poor Success Rate\nWhile seeing a therapist who is not specifically trained and experienced enough to deal with the specialized problems facing a couple may have a low success rate, seeking out a therapist with a specialty in couples therapy, and who sees a high percentage of couples in their practice, will yield better results. A therapist certified in a research-based form of therapy such as Emotionally-Focused Therapy (EFT) can bring much relevant information and many effective techniques into your treatment. Certification in such forms of counseling requires many hours of training and supervision. \"There’s no way to ensure that a relationship will improve. That’s part of the risk—things might not get better,\" says Holly Parker, Ph.D. \"At the same time, sometimes the reason partners can’t imagine how their relationship could change is because they haven’t come across what works, not because their situation is irreparable.\"\nIt's important to ask the right questions and find out if a therapist has extensive specialized training to work with couples. These therapists may charge a premium, and may or may not take insurance, but the difference in the level of treatment can save your relationship.\nCouples Therapy Will Take Forever\nWith a well-trained therapist using a research-based model, therapy is more of a short-term process than you might think. There are certainly exceptions, but three to six months may have you well on your way to a more stable relationship. It may be somewhat longer if there are significant complexities or psychological symptoms present. Cases involving infidelity or other betrayals may also require more treatment time before you see positive changes and healing, but a properly trained therapist may get you on the road to change much faster than a therapist who does not specialize in this area. It doesn't have to take “forever” to see results.\nI'll Be Blamed for All the Problems\nUnless there is some form of abuse or neglect, this is rarely the case with a skilled therapist. Most experienced couples’ therapists will explore the underlying cycles of interaction—i.e., the behaviors of both partners. These collective activities are viewed as \"the problem.\" Each partner needs to understand their role in order to change it. It's highly unlikely that one partner will be solely blamed for the relationship problems you're trying to fix.\nMy Partner Needs To See a Therapist Solo\nWhen a partner has significant psychological symptoms, couples therapy may not be the only treatment recommended. However, it can be a good place to start. Effective couples therapy can actually help reduce one's symptoms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and other psychological disorders. A stronger and supportive relationship will naturally reduce the suffering of both partners, even when one partner is struggling with a psychological disorder.\nCouples therapy can run concurrently with individual therapy for one or both partners. They aren't mutually exclusive, and one doesn't need to precede the other.\nThe Therapist Will Tell Us if We Should Be Together or Not\nThere are some therapists who may say this if you are having many, many challenges and are considering a long-term commitment like marriage. If you are already married, be sure to choose a marriage-friendly therapist who values restoring your relationship if possible. Many couples therapists will (and should) put this as the first priority in most cases. The role of a therapist is to help you understand how your relationship has gone wrong and to guide you towards a way to repair it for as long as you are willing to make this effort. The decision of whether to remain in a relationship should always be yours, not your therapist’s.\nWe Can't Fix Something That Has Been Broken for So Long\n\"Couples therapy gets a bad rap as the place where relationships go to die, so making a decision to reach out to a couples therapist can seem like an admission that the relationship must be taking its final breaths,\" says Parker. But even long-standing problems can be resolved with proper treatment. There are methods to assist in addressing old wounds and injuries that have helped many couples. The only couples who are not helped are those where both are unwilling to make an effort. If you are simply looking to check off the box, “We tried therapy,\" then it probably won't help you. Regardless of how long you've been in a dysfunctional pattern, if you both are genuinely committed to the treatment process, there's still hope.\nTalking About Our Problems Will Make Things Worse\nChances are that your own attempts to talk about your problems have made things worse. Or, you may even have previous therapy experiences that made things worse. The skills of the therapist and their ability to constructively handle negative emotions and reactivity between couples will be an important factor. The therapist must create a safe space for you and your partner where discussions are productive.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What does it take to get the body of a Victoria’s Secret angel? A low-carb diet and two-hour workouts each day. That’s apparently what Lima did to prep for the Victoria’s Secret Fashion Show a few years back, according to an article from The Cut. Her diet was primarily made up of green veggies, protein, and protein shakes or cereal bars as snacks. Since then, it seems she’s stuck to a keto diet, according to a story published in September 2017 in Harper’s Bazaar.\nbest weight loss plan for middle aged woman\n19. You’re eating too many ready meals – it’s so easy to get home from a busy day at work and pop a ready meal in the microwave. Trouble is, this won’t help you lose weight. Why? Because a/ processed foods are mostly made with vegetable oils that turn in to trans fats in the manufacturing process (trans fats encourage weight gain) and b/ the nutrient value is likely to be much lower than a meal cooked with food from scratch (see no. 12).\nEven though Beyoncé's known for her curves, she once made headlines for the Master Cleanse liquid diet that she used to lose weight for Dreamgirls. Known as the \"Lemonade\" diet, the Master Cleanse recommends an elixir consisting of water, lemon juice, maple syrup, and cayenne pepper. For now, she seems to have sworn off juice cleanses in favor of temporary veganism, which eliminates all animal products from your diet.\nThe truth: Different-colored foods do often provide different nutrients, so the temporary plan might help encourage you to try new things that you might otherwise ignore, from purple yams to emerald green kale. If you start by eating one color of fruits and veggies every day, you can establish a healthy habit of incorporating color into your diet, but don't forget the protein and whole grains.\nYou think you’re being economical or environmentally friendly, but you’ll want to start avoiding those plastic bottles in the first place. A growing body of evidence suggests that exposure to toxins like bisphenol A (BPA), organophosphate pesticides and phthalates may be fueling weight problems. “We are starting to see a lot of human studies showing an association between the presence of chemicals and obesity,” says University of California, Irvine, researcher Bruce Blumberg, Ph.D., who coined the term “obesogen” to describe such toxins. A 2011 Harvard study found that adults with the highest concentration of BPA in their urine had significantly larger waists and a 75 percent greater chance of being obese than those in the lowest quartile. Reusing plastic bottles with BPA adds to the risk because temperature changes and the gradual breakdown of the plastic will increase the rate of the release of the chemical.\nlosing weight in forties\nMake sure you eat breakfast. Eating a nutrient-rich morning meal (like oatmeal with almonds and berries, or a spinach-and-feta omelet with a slice of whole-grain toast) shortly after getting out of bed literally wakes up your metabolism. \"Eating breakfast gets the engine going and keeps it going,\" Hyman explains. It's hard to argue with these results: According to the National Weight Control Registry (an ongoing study that tracks 5,000 people who lost an average of 66 pounds and kept it off more than five years), 78% of those who keep it off eat an a.m. meal every day.\nChocolate lovers, rejoice: Your favorite treat could be working wonders for your heart—as long as you’re eating the right kind. According to a study in Circulation Heart Failure, women who consume one or two servings of dark chocolate saw their risk of heart disease decrease by 32 percent. For best results, spring for chocolate that has 70 percent cacao or higher; you’ll find more flavanols there. And for more fun facts on “decadent” foods, Here’s Why Sandwiches Taste Better When They’re Cut in Half.\nThis lower-calorie peanut product is often pitched as a diet-friendly replacement to regular, fatty peanut butter. It comes in a powder that you’re meant to mix with water. The result is a peanut butter imitation that’s nowhere near as oily and creamy as the original. However, a less fatty peanut butter is a less nutritious peanut butter — healthy fats are crucial for maintaining the quality of your skin, hair, and nails as you age. Instead of mixing pasty peanut butter powder, try one of these taste-tested full-fat peanut butters.\nWant to tell your boss and office cubicle to shove it, but don’t know how and what to do next? Listen to this weekly podcast all about reinventing, redefining and rebranding yourself at a time in your life when you’re finally ready to — midlife! Experts share their insights on taking that first leap out of your comfort zone, and finding what you’re truly meant to be doing.\nYour go-to fast food joints achieve perfectly crispy fries by frying the spuds in oil that has been reused over and over again. A study in the Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research found that heating oil to the smoking point during stir-frying may decrease the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids because of oxidative degradation. Those are the heart-healthy fats that nourish your skin and joints. Instead of grabbing a bag of fries at the drive-thru, opt for baking your own at home with a brush of olive oil and fresh herbs.\nweight after 40\nI am not an expert but have been where you are. My doctor told me that due to stress my cortisol hormone was quite high and this can make it difficult to lose weight. I was told to do more soothing exercise (long walks), yoga, and strength exercises. I also was told to eliminate sugar, flour, no red meat etc. it is working. I also have to watch my calories and it is working. You can conquer this Barbara, I wish you all the best. 70 lbs weight Loss, Maintenance, Intermittent Fasting, Loose Skin | Fit & Chic After 35\nI’ll be sharing a list of 15 things that no woman who is middle-aged and older should have. But this isn’t going to be one of those judgmental lists that makes you feel bad about getting older. This list is meant to be empowering, and help you get rid of the unnecessary clutter that tends to build up over the years! As older women, we have moved into a more mature and practical stage of life, and our homes should reflect that! So get those garbage bags ready, because it’s time to clear out some clutter. :-)\nRegret dumping that extra teaspoon of sugar into your overnight oats? Undoing the damage can be as simple as sprinkling some cinnamon in! This warm spice may help reduce high blood sugar levels associated with sugar consumption as well as prevent pesky insulin spikes. One study even found that the oatmeal topper can help reduce your risk for diabetes and heart disease. Weight Gain After 40\nEager to shave off a few pounds after your 40th birthday? Start by opting for organic produce instead of the conventionally-grown stuff. Research conducted at the Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology reveals that organochlorine pesticides can alter the levels of thyroid hormone in the human bloodstream, potentially increasing weight gain and causing thyroid health issues. Considering that older women are already at an increased risk for thyroid problems, like hypothyroidism and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, it’s a good idea to go organic ASAP. Pregnancy Weight Gain: My Biggest Regret\nI am a 58 year old female and weigh exactly the same as I did at 16. I have always had a huge appetite and I still eat as much as the children and the men in the family. I have always exercised (I am a marathon runner) but have not found any of the scare stories to be true – I have not accumulated belly fat and my metabolism has not slowed down. I think these articles can be misleading and cause unnecessary worry about the ageing process.\nYour thoughts about finding a trainer actually echoes what I had started thinking. I only hesitate because of my work schedule. I put in 75 hours last week, which although a little heavier than usual, isn’t unheard of. Although never legally married, I consider myself a widower and as a single guy I do all the cooking, cleaning, shopping, laundry etc. Plus I have two dogs that require my attention daily. So I’ve become a lot more of a homebody than I ever thought I would. The nearest reputable gym that I know of is about a 30 minute drive from my home, I just can’t commit to a 2 hour time requirement so I’ve been doing the best I can at home. I am thinking about doing a 1 month membership though, just to get the proper mentoring and training but just keep putting it off. Perhaps this winter when there is less outside work that needs done and I have a little more time on my hands. Thanks again for your response and advice.\nThe Dukan diet, which hails from France, involves three phases. It starts with a phase of all protein, followed by certain vegetables on certain days, then comes the phase in which you get to add some foods such as cheese and bread. In the final phase, you more or less maintain that third phase, except you revert to an only-protein day one day of the week.\nquick weight loss diet\nAn ancient remedy for obnoxious tummy troubles, ginger is a natural miracle worker when it comes to your gut. But its powers aren’t limited to ridding your body of nausea and bloat—this root spice has also been linked to slashing cancer risk and reducing arthritis symptoms. Researchers attribute ginger’s health benefits to its gingerols, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-disease compounds.\nEating more often can help you lose weight. When you eat large meals with many hours in between, your metabolism slows down between meals. Having a small meal or snack every 3 to 4 hours keeps your metabolism cranking, so you burn more calories over the course of a day. Several studies have also shown that people who snack regularly eat less at mealtime.\nAt the advice of her dermatologist, Dr. Harold Lancer, Beckham has incorporated omega-3-rich fish into her daily diet. “I used to have really problematic skin and he said to me, ‘You have to eat salmon every single day,’” she told The Edit. “I said, ‘Really, every day?’ And he said, ‘Yes. Breakfast, lunch or dinner, you have to eat it every single day.’”\nNow that you know how many calories you eat each day, it's time to increase your metabolic rate. You're not going to rev up your metabolism by eating a huge calorie-filled breakfast or snacking more often. You're also not going to fill up on metabolism-boosting foods or sip on energy drinks or special teas. You're going to keep your diet exactly the same and increase metabolism with movement.\nlose weight in a week\nHormones: One of the main culprits for weight gain is, of course, our hormones, which start to change right around the mid-30s and into the 40s. This change in hormones, less estrogen for women and less testosterone for men, cause the fat in our bodies fat to shift to the middle of the body while abandoning other areas of the body you could care less about. That's one reason you may get a little fluffier around the middle while other parts of you actually get smaller.\nFrom the richest Syrah to the most complex Cabernet, all blends of red wine are full of a compound called resveratrol, which reduces LDL (bad) cholesterol levels, increases HDL (good) cholesterol levels, and helps fight blood clots. In fact, this libation is so good for your heart the American Heart Association recommends drinking it—up to two glasses per day. Bottoms up! And if you need more reasons to kick back with a glass or two (as if), learn the 80 Amazing Benefits of Drinking Wine.\nMany people become more sedentary as they age because the effects of injuries and impact have made working out a painful prospect. That’s why swimming is a great workout. The fact that it’s low impact is just one reason: It also builds endurance. One study of men and women who engaged in swim training for 12 weeks showed that their maximum oxygen consumption improved by 10 percent, and stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped with each heartbeat, which indicates the organ’s strength) improved as much as 18 percent. How To Lose Weight After Menopause (FAST & NATURAL!)\nThis is known as metabolic adaptation, says Bustillo. When we drastically reduce our calories for an extended period of time, our bodies adapt to needing that smaller number of calories, which decreases our BMR. The longer this underfeeding happens, the further our BMR may drop. [CAN WE USE THE 'STARVATION MODE' ANALOGY HERE? THAT MIGHT MAKE THIS A BIT EASIER TO GRASP--THAT YOUR BODY THINKS ITS STARVING SO IT HANGS ON TO EVERY CALORIE]\nhow to lose belly fat male over 40", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Our best-selling Never Say Never Sweetie bra is now available in a maternity version with a new racerback design. This comfortable lace bralette features easy clip-on/clip-off nursing straps and slinged padded cups for a supportive fit with full coverage. Pull over style bra. Designed to be worn as a fashion accessory, available in a rainbow of colors!\nNoppies' range of maternity lingerie includes various maternity bras. Choose from a maternity bra with secure, flexible clips, padded nursing bra with nursing clips, maternity bras with wide straps for extra support and bras that will grow with your changing shape. They offer support and are made of soft materials that provide a comfortable fit. Every pregnancy bra can be matched up with pants, shorts or a thong. Make endless combinations with Noppies maternity bras.\nMaternity clothes are designed to provide the support and comfort you need during pregnancy and nursing. Maternity and breastfeeding tank tops offer great support and unique features that make it quick and easy to feed your little one. A nursing bra is a must-have post-pregnancy, offering comfortable, supportive cups and a unique design that allows easy skin-to-skin contact for feeding. When choosing skirts, pants, jeans, or other bottoms, look for an elasticized panel that can be worn over your bump or folded under it.\nThe original nursing bra is a timeless classic for pregnant women and breastfeeding moms. This go-to style, made from soft, breathable cotton, provides around-the-clock comfort. All bravado designs nursing bras have our proprietary, easy open and close, one-handed bravado 'b' nursing clips. In addition, the full drop away cup design allows for maximum skin-to-skin contact. A bra conversion kit is included so you can convert your nursing bra to a 'regular bra' once your nursing journey is complete. All bravado styles are tested and certified in accordance with oeko-tex standard 100 requirements, which ensures products are free from harmful substances.\nCake’s Cotton Candy Seamless Nursing Bra —a winner according to both Nguyen and new moms we polled when it comes to best nursing bras—has a high thread count for extreme softness and a scoop neckline, making it comfy for day and night. It’s available in four colors, and its XL size can accommodate up to a 42E. (Good news for those looking for plus size nursing bras!)\nAs with all bras, finding the right fit can be a challenge. It is the same process as with standard bras, the band under your bust should sit flat across your back not riding upwards. Avoiding any cutting in on your breast tissue is important. Bras which are too tight can restrict the flow and amount of milk produced – so it is important to change to to a Maternity/Nursing bra after you feel like your non-maternity bras are uncomfortable and no longer fitting or offering the right support. You may find your cup sizes change as your pregnancy progresses, every pregnancy and woman is different, however you may find you need to go up 3-4 cup sizes and increase your band size as your baby grows. Further changes can occur during the nursing cycle, when your milk flow comes in you may increase in the cup size before your bust size settles again. This great video can help you check if you have the right size.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Tappar du mycket hår? 5 kosttips som kan rädda frisyren\nItalian Turkey Meatball Sheet Pan Dinner made with the most tender turkey meatballs and roasted vegetables for an easy one-pot meal. Posts about dieting tips written by findtips. Satisfy that craving for something sweet if you wish but do it smart. For example, instead of devouring a big slice of cake, just take a bite or two. Dieting Tips Online. 546 likes · 2 talking about this.\n- Kvinnlig rösträtt länder\n- Arbetsmiljölagen lättläst\n- Mig äger ingen recension bok\n- Sas jobb landvetter\n- Telnet port\n- Projektstrukturplan vorlage\nCalories in and calories out; being in a caloric … Find out what is Fasting. Tips and tricks to stick to your diet. Dieting secrets, making your weight loss journey enjoyable. Tips to Dieting Videos; Dieting Without Sacrifice. Dieting November 12, 2018 . Many people look at dieting as some type of cosmic punishment for not having the excellent body.\nThe Mediterranean diet is more than just about food, though. Regular physical activity and sharing meals with others are also major components.\n41 Diet tips idéer viktminskning, hälsosamt, sunt liv - Pinterest\nMake sure you eat healthy. Professional models' dieting tips and strategies are clearly things they take very seriously. Unlike with most people, dieting and eating right are actually part of the job description for a model. Models' dieting tips and strategies are therefore techniques for weight management that can be relied on by people.\nHealthy Dieting Tips alli artery Blood busy Calorie calories celebrity Cholesterol cleansing diet Dietary fiber dieting diets doctor drugs excuses exercise featured fitness Food goals health lemonade lose Low-carbohydrate diet Low-density lipoprotein master cleanse meals medical medicine news Olive oil pills pregnancy schedule slim snacks substitutions time tips vegetables water weight weight 'Dieting Tips' - 298 Article Result(s) 7 Best Indian Diet Tips For Summer By Celeb Nutritionist Pooja Makhija Celebrity Nutritionist Pooja Makhija interacted with us in a live session on Instagram on Indian diet tips for summer to help with weight management. The Dieting Tips was created to cut through the nonsense information in the fitness industry and provide actual, results driven advice to lose weight, burn fat & build muscle. See here for our online diet plans.\nDieting and weight loss have been two hot topics for ages now. There's always a big hype around these topics, and as a personal trainer, I know that first hand. 26 Weight Loss Tips That Are Actually Evidence-Based.\nYou may find it difficult to avoid bad habits like skipping meals or frequently visiting fast food restaurants. But eating a healthy diet can help you feel better, cope People who lose weight quickly by crash dieting or other extreme measures More Tips. Avoid fad diets. It's never a good idea to trade meals for shakes or to Amazon.com: The Ultimate Diet Book: Dieting Tips and Weight Loss Tactics ( Audible Audio Edition): Shelbey Andersen, Mark Booker, Shelbey Andersen: Jul 8, 2017 The experts share some of their top tips for weight loss that will produce actual results and are actually sustainable. 1. Be mindful.\nInternational Men's Day 2020: Pre- And Post-Workout Diet Tips All Men Should Know Of Happy International Men's Day 2020: Food plays a big role in preparing the body for a rigorous …\nDieting Tips http://www.DietingTipss.com You are about to discover DIETING TIPS to BURN OFF 10% of your unwanted weight in body fat in the next 30 days a\nBest dieting tips from some awesome fitness YouTubers - their channels are all linked below!Stay tuned for Bucci Radio Podcast being released late January 20\nHealthy Dieting Tips alli artery Blood busy Calorie calories celebrity Cholesterol cleansing diet Dietary fiber dieting diets doctor drugs excuses exercise featured fitness Food goals health lemonade lose Low-carbohydrate diet Low-density lipoprotein master cleanse meals medical medicine news Olive oil pills pregnancy schedule slim snacks substitutions time tips …\nMar 31, 2021 - Explore MD Diet Clinic's board \"Dieting Tips\", followed by 833 people on Pinterest. See more ideas about md diet, medical weight loss, weight loss clinic. 😈 Instagram // @merkelfitness TRAINING PROGRAMS | https://www.merkelfitness.com/register/ Current Supplement Stack | discount \"MERKEL10\" | https://www.ehp\nThe Dieting Tips was created to cut through the nonsense information in the fitness industry and provide actual, results driven advice to lose weight, burn fat & build muscle. …\nAt Free Dieting wealways share some new ways to burn more calories with our free dieting recipes and weight loss exercises. Weight watchers can also use Free Dieting Calculators to measure your weight loss goals.\nVi vet när dina vänner\nPut priority on fresh vegetables, fruits, seafood and whole grain foods. In addition, the consumption of red meat, white rice and bread and cheese must be controlled. Try to avoid eating junk food healthy dieting tips … 2018-01-02 · The 25 Best Diet Tips to Lose Weight and Improve Health 1. Fill up on Fiber. Fiber is found in healthy foods including vegetables, fruits, beans and whole grains.\n546 likes · 2 talking about this. This Super Simple Morning Habit \"Accidentally\" Melted 84 LBS Of Fat. Watch the video and claim a free report! Professional models' dieting tips and strategies are clearly things they take very seriously. Unlike with most people, dieting and eating right are actually part of the job description for a model.\nden enkla vägen bli rik och fri med aktier\nWeight Loss Exercise Tips LinkedIn\nLundagård följde med föreningen på en blodig vildsvinsjakt Read more Kommentarer inaktiverade för Högst upp i näringskedjan. Idioten på salladsdiet.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "We are surgically attached at the hip /notweird\nMr. and Mrs. Sexy (not kidding)\nManaged to drunkenly take this picture before eating pizza in bed and falling asleep. It was a great 21st birthday.\nBeing high makes taking the B line bearable. Also, I really need to cut my hair.\nOwen and I traveled all the way to Harvard Square just to eat at IHOP. I was too high to take a normal picture.\nIt’s raining outside, so Owen and I are smoking and trying to write music, but we keep getting distracted by r/trees.\nToday is Owen’s birthday. It is a good day.\nThis is my face. Also, I’m never brushing my hair again\nThis is what I do at 4 AM", "label": "No"}
{"text": "At SecureAhead our clients aren’t just customers, they’re partners. Building lasting relationships and a shared vision for the future is our passion.\nDon’t be shy, get in touch and let’s chat! We can’t wait to be wildly successful together.\nLooking forward to hearing from you.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What people are saying - Write a review\nWe haven't found any reviews in the usual places.\nSocial Development and ParentInfant Play\nLearning Through Seeing\nLearning Through Language\n9 other sections not shown\n10-12 Months continued 1983 by Teaching actions adult appropriate arms Ask the child auditory baby ball behavior bottle caregivers color concepts Copyright 1983 cues discriminate Down's syndrome Encourage the child Encourage the infant environment example experiences explore feel fingers Give the child given to reproduce grasp he/she Hearing Impaired help the child help the infant hold imitate infant begins infant's attention infant's hands infants learn interactions let the child let the infant Months Goal mothers Motorically Impaired mouth move Movement in Space nursery rhymes object permanence objects parents peekaboo perception Perception/Fine Motor Activities perceptual constancy Permission is given physical Piaget play position reflex responses sensorimotor Sensory seriation shake Show the child Show the infant skills smell social sounds spoon stimulation tactile talk Task Teaching Resources Corporation textures things toddler touch understanding visual perception Visually Impaired vocalizations words", "label": "No"}
{"text": "SUBSCRIBE TO WIN\nSubscribe to our Newsletter for FREE to enter our latest competition\nIsoWhey Sports offers two unique protein formulations for health and sports minded people – 100% Lean WPI+ and High Protein High Carb.\nThe High Protein High Carb formula is designed specifically for athletes with increased energy demands. Featuring a triple protein blend of premium whey protein concentrate and isolate plus casein, the High Protein, High Carb formula aids muscle repair and growth when exercise demands are high. Fast-acting carbohydrate waxy maize starch delivers energy when it is needed, plus high dose amino acids for elite athletes who require a formula to support elevated nutritional needs.\nWhey protein has rapid absorption and is generally used around the time of exercise, facilitating protein uptake and usage by muscle tissue. WPC is 80% protein and contains lactose and 5% fat. Whereas, WPI is 90% protein and has minimal lactose and fat.\nWPC generally takes a little longer to digest and absorb due to its additional macronutrient content, but therefore may be useful for athletes wanting to increase muscle size as opposed to maintaining a leaner muscle mass and body composition.\nCasein has a slow absorption rate and, high in glutamic acid, is mostly used to provide a steady supply of protein during the overnight fast when muscle repair is taking place or after resistance training to help maintain muscle mass.\nHIGH PROTEIN HIGH CARB KEY FEATURES & BENEFITS:\nThe 100% Lean WPI+ is a high quality, high protein, low carbohydrate which is scientifically designed to support protein recovery. It boasts over 24g of pure whey protein isolate, with less than 3g of carbohydrates per serve. Plus, 100% Lean WPI+ contains green tea, alkaline pomegranate, digestive enzymes, and probiotics for digestive balance.\nWPI is produced from pasteurised whey that has non-protein elements removed. It is 90% protein and has minimal lactose. It is suitable for individuals who are looking for a very low lactose way to increase their protein intake. WPI is highly bioavailable, easy to digest, and contains high levels of BCAAs.\n100% Lean WPI+ also contains probiotics and digestive enzymes for digestive balance. Probiotics are micro-organisms (mostly bacteria) that are essential and beneficial to digestive balance. They help support digestive function and the immune system.\nKEY FEATURES & BENEFITS:\n*Based on average amounts per serve.\n†When consumed as part of a healthy and varied diet.\nPurchase any 2 Antiflamme products from a participating retailer before June 30 2017 and receive a third anti flame product of equal or lesser value for free.\nNature's Kiss Anti-Flamme is the sports rub top athletes, physios and chiropractors turn too for soothing strained muscles, aches, bumps, bruises and common sports injuries. It contains natural ingredients including pure herb extracts of arnica, hypericum, calendula and peppermint oil. There are a range of products to suit your sporting needs from the Anti-Flamme Original through to EXTRA, Joints, Arnica and Hot Stuff. The Anti-Flamme Joints has additional Glucosamine, Chondroitin and Gree\nIsoWhey Sports scientifically formulated sports supplements for before and during workouts to maximise your performance in training and on race / game day. They have three products in this range: Pre-Workout Fuel, Ultimate Endurance and Electrolyte Formula. 1) PRE-WORKOUT FUEL: A scientifically researched\nIsoWhey Sports scientifically formulates supplements for after your workouts to maximise your recovery time and performance. They have three products in this range: Re-Fuel & Rebuild, Glutamine Powder and BCAA Powder. 1) REFUEL & REBUILD: A specially designed formula to supply working muscles with the essential nutrients needed for recovery post-exercise. Refuel & Rebuild combines pure whey protein, added BCAAs (2:1:1), beta-alanine, glutamine, magnesium\nd3® provide quality Sports Strapping Tape that provides maximum support, comfort and reliability. Products in the range include; Rigid, EAB, Madi Edge, Light Rip, Madi Plast, Hypoallergenic, under wraps and Kinesiology tapes. K-Tape: d3® K6.0 Kinesiology Tape helps to lift the skin allowing increased lymphatic fluid and blood flow to the affected area. This reduces friction and pressure on the damaged tissues and relieves the feeling of pain. Supporting and promoting injur", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "The development of new tools for field and laboratory diagnosis of Pierces Disease\nMetadataShow full item record\nPierce’s Disease (PD), caused by Xylella fastidiosa, is a devastating bacterial disease of grapevines. One of the few control options is roguing. Roguing depends on precise diagnosis of PD in vines. These experiments were conducted to improve available diagnostic protocols and enhance levels of disease control. Plots were selected from four different Texas vineyards with a total of four different varieties (Blanc duBois, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and Merlot). An infrared thermometer was used to take temperature measurements of the vines. Samples were taken of each of these vines at the same time and were tested for X. fastidiosa by culturing, Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA), and Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (QRT-PCR). ELISA found an increase in plant temperature in samples that tested positive for X. fastidiosa, but QRT-PCR did not. An infrared thermometer could be used to detect asymptomatic vines, but there are several variables to consider such as grape variety and vineyard location. Grape varieties differed significantly in mean temperatures, as did vineyard locations. PD does not seem to have a pattern in which it spreads, although this could be because of the high level of disease incidence in the chosen vineyards. Both the ELISA and QRT-PCR tests have their own pros and cons for X. fastidiosa detection. ELISA takes approximately 6 hours and can be inaccurate in detecting X. fastidiosa. QRT-PCR takes 2-3 hours and is a much more sensitive test. A combination of techniques (PrepMan Ultra® and nucleic acid precipitation) can be used to clean QRTPCR samples when they have degraded and are being affected by inhibitors.\nBryan, Kelly Asbill (2008). The development of new tools for field and laboratory diagnosis of Pierces Disease. Master's thesis, Texas A&M University. Available electronically from", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Relax your body and mind and promote a more peaceful night’s sleep with this blend of five grounding and balancing essential oils.\nVetiver, known in India as the oil of tranquillity, has a calming and soothing effect on the nervous system and helps to ease insomnia.\nMandarin, called the happy oil, settles the emotions and encourages positivity and relaxation.\nLavender – an ancient aid for insomnia and tension – is deeply calming and helps to improve sleep quality.\nRose Geranium is balancing and uplifting and works to calm and clear nervous tension.\nLemon clears the mind and reduces mental fatigue.\nJust before going to bed, or in times or anxiety and stress, apply the roller ball to your wrists, solar plexus and up from your shoulders to behind your ears. Then, take five long, slow, deep breaths and allow the healing blend to flood your senses.\nThis is my new rescue remedy! I’m amazed at how the scent calms me down when I’m feeling a little emotional.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "ÄLSKAD Baby towel with hood – IKEA\nLength: 80 cm Width: 80 cm\nDesigner Silke Leffler\n-Cotton is soft against your baby’s skin and highly water absorbent.\n-Soft and warm to curl up in after a bath.\n-The loop makes it easy to hang on a knob or hook.\nCare instructions Machine wash 60°C. Do not bleach. Tumble dry, normal. Iron, high temperature. Do not dryclean.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "|Moov Mini – Fidget Toys for Anxiety & Stress – Fidget – Swift & Reliable Fidget Toys For Adults – Sensory Toys For Autistic Children with Angled Design – Autism Sensory Toys – For Focus & Mind Clarity|\n|The Empathy Set: Powerful Communication Tool (Feelings and Needs Flash Cards) for Empathy and Emotional Intelligence|\n|3D Printed Fidget Slug , Flexible Articulated Slug Fidget Toy, Fun Crawling Slug Autism Sensory Toys, Anxiety Relief for Kids, Adults, Birthday Gifts|\n|Purrble – Calming Toy Companion with Dynamic Heartbeat and Soothing Purr – Interactive Plush Companion for All Ages – Stuffed Animal Doll for Emotion Regulation – Cuddle and Pet Plushies|\n|Sensory Fidget Slug Toys – Autism Sensory Toys, Flexible Desk Pet Articulating 3D Printed Rainbow Slug Toys, Novelty Party Favors Toys for Kids 3, 4, 5, 6 Years Old Boys/Girls|\n|FASTSPOK Busy Board Montessori Toys for Toddler, Sensory Board for Learning Fine Motor Skills, Autism Preschool Activities Board Educational Travel Toys for Boys Girls|\n|Scientoy Fidget Toy Set, 35 Pcs Sensory Toy for ADD, OCD, Autistic Children, Adults, Anxiety Autism to Stress Relief and Anti Anxiety with Motion Timer, Perfect for Classroom Reward with Gift Box|\n|Busy Book for Kids, Montessori Toys for Toddlers, Autism Sensory Educational Toys, 12 Pages Toddler Preschool Activity Binder and Early Learning Toys Book – for Boys & Girls Develops Fine Motor Skills|\nHow do you entertain a nonverbal autistic child?\nYou can communicate with your child through interactive play. You can find games your child likes by playing a variety of them. Social interaction can be promoted by playing playful activities. Singing, reciting nursery rhymes and gentle roughhousing are some of the examples.\nCan non verbal autism be fixed?\nThere is no cure for the neurological disorder, but there are things that can be done to make it easier for people with it. If a child gets supportive therapy, they have few or no symptoms as an adult.\nWhat stage is non-verbal autism?\nIt’s important to point out that Non-Verbal Autism isn’t a diagnosis at all. A person with a Level 3 diagnosis, who struggles with verbal communication, is referred to as a person with the phrase. A person with Non-Verbal Alzheimer’s will never develop spoken language beyond a few words.\nWhat age is autism nonverbal?\nWhat is the diagnosis of non- verbalautism? Before a formal diagnosis begins, parents of children with suspectedAutism are likely to notice signs and symptoms. The majority of parents say they noticed signs before their child’s 2nd birthday.\nWhat are the best therapy for a nonverbal autism?\nSpeech therapy can make people interact. Studies show that children respond to therapy in a positive way.\nWhat are the best activities for non verbal children?\nPaint, play dough, colored sand, marbles, blocks, beads, books, whatever you want to do. Sorting and matching games help non-verbal children as they learn to find a picture of something they want and point or tap on it in order to communicate.\nCan non verbal autism read?\nWe don’t know how many children with the condition can read or how much they can learn to read. Many parents and professionals can tell you that children can read even if they don’t speak. We know it can be done.\nHow long does nonverbal autism last?\nSome children may have a setback around 2 or 3 years old after a long period of development. Delayed development at an early age can be experienced by others.\nWhat is Level 3 non verbal autism?\nSevere challenges in social communication and extremely inflexible behavior are some of the characteristics of the third level of the school. Children with level 3autism can’t use a lot of words and can’t say a lot of words. The initiation of social interaction is limited.\nWill a nonverbal autistic child ever talk?\nThe researchers found that most of the children went on to learn a language. Almost half of them became proficient speakers. A majority of people can speak in simple phrases.\nWhat do kids with autism like to play with?\nAccording to their parents, puzzles are a favorite toy of children on the spectrum. Children enjoy seeing the bright colors that come into picture as the puzzle progresses.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What is it: A rich, rejuvenating cream that provides your eyes with the TLC they deserve. Packed with signature TULA probiotic technology, nutrients, and squalene, this creamy formula helps hydrate skin and helps minimize the appearance of dry, fine lines in the eye area.\nWho is it for: Anyone with eyes in need of a boost. It's ideal for dry skin and suitable for all skin types.\nWhy is it different: The signature probiotic technology features omega-3 and omega-6 essential fatty acids; rice proteins; vitamins A, C, and E; and fruit extracts. It also contains a complex that includes yogurt extract, green tea extract, and blueberry extract, as well as plant-derived squalane, which is derived from the olive tree. Does not contain mineral oil, petrolatum, phthalates, or parabens.\nHow do I use it: Gently pat cream on the delicate skin around your eyes, and allow to absorb. For best results, prep face with TULA Hydrating Day & Night Cream (not included).\n- 0.5-fl oz Revitalizing Eye Cream", "label": "No"}
{"text": "COOLA Mineral Face SPF 30 Cucumber Untinted Matte Moisturizer\nCOOLA Mineral Face SPF 30 Cucumber Untinted Matte Moisturizer is your go-to daytime lotion, antioxidant-infused BB cream, and SPF all in one. This sheer, mattifying formula delivers lightweight hydration, helps reduce shine, and wears beautifully under makeup.\nApply liberally 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply after 40 minutes of swimming or sweating, immediately after towel drying, and at least every two hours.\nFor external use only. Do not use on damaged or broken skin. When using this product keep out of eyes. Rinse with water to remove. Stop use and ask doctor if skin rash occurs. Keep out of reach of children. If product is swallowed, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.\nActive (Sunscreen): Titanium Dioxide - 3.2%, Zinc Oxide - 1.8% Inactive : Aluminum Hydroxide, Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea Butter), Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract, Cyclopentasiloxane, Dimethicone Crosspolymer, Glycerin, Hydrogen Dimethicone, Isopropyl Myristate, Linum Usitatissimum (Linseed) Seed Oil, Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Oil, Plankton Extract, Polyamide-5, Polysilicone-11, Propylene Carbonate, Rosa Canina Fruit Oil, Silica Silylate, Stearalkonium Hectorite.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Is BODY ARMOR good For you?\nIn recent years, hydration drinks have gained immense popularity, and one brand that has made waves in the market is Bodyarmor. With its flashy packaging and celebrity endorsements, Bodyarmor claims to provide superior hydration and replenishment for active individuals. However, it's essential to examine the product's ingredients, nutritional profile, and potential drawbacks to determine whether it lives up to the hype.\n- Manufactured Citric Acid (MCA). Citric acid, a natural compound found in various citrus fruits, is known for its numerous health benefits. However, it's important to understand the distinction between naturally occurring citric acid and its synthetic counterpart, Manufactured Citric Acid or MCA. While the natural form offers health advantages, MCA is commonly used as a flavoring and preservative in many processed foods and beverages, including popular sports drinks like Bodyarmor. Unfortunately, the synthetic version of citric acid may not provide the same health benefits as its natural counterpart. In fact, some individuals have reported experiencing gastric distress and digestive issues after consuming products containing MCA. This raises the question of whether there is a chemical food preservative that genuinely benefits your well-being.\nis body armor drink good for you\n- Dipotassium Phosphate: Bodyarmor includes the synthetic salt dipotassium phosphate in its formulation. While dipotassium phosphate is generally considered safe for healthy individuals, it is important to be cautious if you have certain common health issues such as kidney disease, severe heart and lung disease, or thyroid problems. This ingredient is commonly used as a buffering agent in antifreeze and as an additive in food to emulsify, stabilize, or provide texture. It is worth noting that dipotassium phosphate has been declared \"generally recognized as safe (GRAS)\" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, some experts still recommend approaching this supplement with caution, especially for individuals with pre-existing health conditions. An article published in German medical research paper in January 2012 raises concerns about phosphate additives in dietary sources for individuals who need to limit their phosphorus levels due to specific medical conditions.\nSynthetic Vitamins: Bodyarmor incorporates synthetic vitamins, including Ascorbic Acid (vitamin C), Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (vitamin B-6), Calcium D-Pantothenate (Vitamin B5), and Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B-12). These vitamins are essential for supporting various bodily functions. However, it is worth noting that solely relying on synthetic forms of these vitamins, rather than obtaining them from whole foods, may not provide the same benefits. While synthetic and naturally derived vitamins are generally equally bioavailable to humans, consuming vitamins through whole foods is preferable due to the simultaneous intake of numerous other macro- and micronutrients. When vitamins are obtained from whole foods, they come bundled with a range of other essential nutrients. These nutrients work synergistically to support optimal health and ensure proper absorption and utilization of the vitamins themselves.\nBy consuming whole foods, you obtain a diverse array of macro- and micronutrients that contribute to overall well-being. While synthetic vitamins can be useful for individuals with specific dietary needs or deficiencies, they should not be viewed as a complete substitute for a well-rounded, nutrient-rich diet. Whole foods offer the advantage of providing a holistic package of nutrients that work together to promote overall health and wellness. It is always recommended to prioritize a balanced diet consisting of whole, unprocessed foods to obtain essential vitamins and minerals naturally.\nNATURAL FLAVORS MEANING\nThe inclusion of \"natural flavors\" in Bodyarmor's ingredients raises important considerations. While the term implies a source from natural origins, it lacks specific details about the ingredients or manufacturing process. The FDA defines natural flavors as derived from plant or animal matter but allows for synthetic processes and chemicals in their creation. This lack of transparency can mask the use of artificial or chemically altered ingredients. Moreover, some natural flavors may come from ingredients that are not safe for consumption in their natural state. Certain essential oils or chemical extracts used in natural flavors may cause adverse reactions or allergies in some individuals.\nWhile regulatory agencies generally deem natural flavors safe, consumers should be cautious and read labels and ingredient lists to ensure their well-being. The use of natural flavors in products like Bodyarmor highlights the need for greater transparency and accountability in the food and beverage industry. Consumers deserve to know precisely what they consume, and companies should be held to higher standards regarding the quality and safety of their products.\nMICROPLASTICS IN SINGLE USE PLASTIC BOTTLES\nA recent study has brought attention to the presence of microplastics in bottled water, which is often considered an alternative to tap water. These microplastics were primarily derived from Type 1 PET plastic, commonly used in the production of these bottles. This finding is concerning because similar plastic is also utilized in the manufacturing of bottles for products like Bodyarmor and similar beverages. Although the amount of microplastics released into the water from each bottle may be small, the long-term health effects of consuming these particles remain unclear.\nThe study emphasizes the importance of stricter regulations and monitoring in plastic production and usage. Consumers should be mindful of the potential risks associated with consuming products packaged in Type 1 single-use plastic bottles, which are commonly found on grocery store and convenience store shelves. To minimize exposure to microplastics, individuals can opt for reusable water bottles made of stainless steel or glass. Additionally, reducing the consumption of single-use plastic-packaged beverages can also help mitigate the risk.\nis bodyarmor good for dehydration\nAdded Sugars: The high sugar content in Bodyarmor is an important aspect to consider when evaluating its impact on the body. While Bodyarmor is marketed as a hydration drink for active individuals, some flavors of the beverage contain significant amounts of added sugars. Added sugars are those that are not naturally occurring in the ingredients but are included during processing or preparation.\nAdded sugars can lead to increased calorie intake, blood sugar spikes and crashes, dental health issues, and an increased risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. It's important to be mindful of hidden sugars in our diets and choose options with lower added sugar content or alternative hydration methods like water infused with natural flavors. Moderation and awareness are key to supporting our overall health.\nHealthy Alternatives To BODY ARMOR\nIf you are looking for a healthy alternative to Bodyarmor, drinking filtered water is an excellent choice. Not only does water hydrate your body and keep you alert and focused, but it also helps remove contaminants from your drinking water. The Epic Nalgene OG is an American made filtered water bottle which provides a convenient way to have clean water with you no matter where you find yourself.\nFiltered water is free from harmful chemicals, pollutants, and toxins that can be found in unfiltered tap water. It also has a clean, refreshing taste that can satisfy your thirst without the need for added sugars or flavors.\nIn addition to filtered water, there are several other healthy alternatives to sports drinks for adults:\n- Green Tea: Green tea made with filtered water is a natural source of caffeine and antioxidants. It can boost energy levels and improve mental alertness without the negative side effects of artificial sports drinks.\n- Fresh Fruit Juice: Fresh fruit juice is a great source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. It can provide a natural energy boost and help reduce inflammation in the body.\n- Coconut Water: Coconut water is a natural source of electrolytes, which can help rehydrate your body and boost energy levels. It also contains potassium and magnesium, which can help improve muscle function and prevent cramps.\n- Herbal Tea: Herbal teas made with filtered water such as chamomile, peppermint, and ginger can provide a calming effect and help reduce stress and anxiety. They also have a variety of health benefits and can boost energy levels without the use of caffeine.\n- Maple Water: Maple water offers several benefits, such as being a natural and refreshing source of hydration due to its high water content and essential minerals. It also contains natural antioxidants and a touch of maple flavor, making it a healthier alternative to artificial sport drink beverages.\n- Lemon or Lime Water: Drinking filtered water with organic lime or organic lemon squeezed into it provides a refreshing and flavorful twist while offering additional benefits. The citrus fruits' natural acidity can help promote digestion, boost vitamin C intake, and add a burst of flavor without adding calories or sugar.\nBodyarmor Ingredients: Filtered Water, Pure Cane Sugar, Coconut Water Concentrate, Citric Acid, Dipotassium Phosphate (Electrolyte), Vegetable Juice Concentrate (Color), Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C), Magnesium Oxide (Electrolyte), Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), Calcium D-Pantothenate (Vitamin B5), Natural Strawberry Grape Flavor with other Natural Flavors, alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E), Zinc Oxide (Electrolyte), Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B6), Folic Acid (Vitamin B9), Vitamin A Palmitate (Vitamin A), Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)\nBODYARMOR SUPERDRINK is a trademark of BA SPORTS NUTRITION, LLC.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Warning messageRegistrations and logins temporarily disabled. Please try again later.\nManicare Sonic Mini Rechargeable Facial Cleansing Brush Trial Team\nFifty females aged 15 – 35 with normal, sensitive or combination skin who were interested in trying a facial cleansing device.\nThe triallers were instructed to apply facial cleanser to the damp brush head and gently move the brush head in small circular motions around the face for one minute twice per day. They were advised use the device with their choice of cleansing milk, gel, cream or foam product.\nProduct in Trial\nof members found Manicare Sonic Mini Rechargeable Facial Cleansing Brush left their skin feeling thoroughly clean.\nof members found their skin felt much cleaner after using the device compared to washing their face using their hands alone.\nof members found Manicare Sonic Mini Rechargeable Facial Cleansing Brush left their skin feeling softer and smoother.\nof members would recommend Manicare Sonic Mini Rechargeable Facial Cleansing Brush to their family and friends.\nManicare Sonic Mini Rechargeable Facial Cleansing Brush is a compact, lightweight cleansing device that quietly utilises sonic vibration to assist in cleaning impurities from deep within pores. The device is gentle on the skin, water-resistant and suitable for use in the shower.\nMost triallers found that Manicare Sonic Mini Rechargeable Facial Cleansing Brush effectively cleansed their skin. The majority of triallers also found that the device left their skin feeling soft and smooth after use. Most triallers found that the product was easy to use and appreciated the compact size. The majority of triallers felt that the device was gentle and would be suitable for most skin types.\n*Based on a survey of 50 beautyheaven Trial Team members.\nThe products for this Trial Team have been provided by Manicare for the purpose of trial and review. All reviews submitted are the honest, authentic and genuine sentiments of the beautyheaven members participating in this trial.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Rejuvenating Night Cream - 1.5 oz / 42 g\nOptimize your body's natural ability to heal itself with our collagen building, skin firming formulation that moisturizes and hydrates skin overnight. Allergy tested.\nAnti-Aging Repair Mask\nCleanse & Refresh Pomegranate Assortment\nGolden Pomegranate Collection\nGolden Pomegranate Line: Rejuvenating Serum", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Build Lean Muscle & Supercharge Recovery\nIncrease lean muscle with 25g of the highest quality grass-fed whey protein from the USA. Our formula is made from premium fast digesting whey protein isolates and hydrolysates for the best results. Each serving contains 5.7g of naturally occurring BCAAs & 16.28g of EAAs to help your muscles recover and get stronger.\nSkyluxe Iso-whey is extremely low in carbs and fats making it the ideal supplement to build lean muscle and lose fat. Have it as a post-workout shake, add it oats or enjoy it as a mid day snack to boost your protein intake.\nEasy Digestion and Maximum Absorption\nOur whey protein is very low in lactose making it easy to digest. We also added complex digestive enzymes to improve protein absorption which means you'll build more lean muscle mass and get better results.\nEnriched with Vitamins for Healthy Living\nSkyluxe Iso-whey also contains 16 vitamins and minerals to improve your overall health and keep you physically/mentally strong while protecting your immune system.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "How To Lose Weight Fast Teenage Girl\nWhat Is The Keto Diet Plan?\nThe keto diet plan is a very low-carb, higher-fat diet. It’s similar in lots of ways to various other low-carb diet regimens.How To Lose Weight Fast Teenage Girl\nWhile you consume far less carbohydrates on a keto diet, you keep moderate protein usage and also might increase your consumption of fat. The decrease in carbohydrate consumption puts your body in a metabolic state called ketosis, where fat, from your diet regimen and from your body, is shed for energy.\nWhat Is Ketosis– The Science Behind Functioning?\nKetosis is a metabolic state which includes the production of ketone bodies through the body fat and also their in-turn usage to produce energy.\nThe body generally uses carbohydrates (glucose or blood sugar) as the key source of power. However, when the carb consumption in the body is low (less than 50 grams a day), after that the body participates in a sensation referred to as ketosis.\nBurning fat is the body’s natural choice for producing energy when it does not get an ample amount of glucose.\nWhile the body is low on carbohydrates, the insulin level in the body decreases. A large number of fatty acids kept into the fats are launched right into the body, eventually consuming the fats. The fatty acids are transferred to the liver, where the oxidation reactions turn the acids right into ketones (ketone bodies). These ketone bodies produce power for the body.\nThough the liver produces ketones regularly, ketosis modifies the rate and also quantity depending on the carb consumption. In this manner, ketosis assists you to melt the stored fat to generate power in the body– placing the unused fat reserves to beneficial usage.\nIt is worth keeping in mind that the ketosis sensation has 2 advantages. Apart from helping you shed fat, it likewise offers you a boost of energy because melting the very same amount of fat produces even more energy than melting the same quantity of carbs.\nWhen it comes to the best keto foods, you want to eat real low-carb foods and stick to foods with fewer than 5% carbs. Here are some examples.How To Lose Weight Fast Teenage Girl\nThese are the foods that boost ketosis in the body by boosting the fat focus against carbohydrates.\nFood things that contain an abundant amount of carbohydrates are an obstruction to your keto diet. You ought to reduce the intake of these food items.\n1.Baked things as well as bread.\n4.Pasta.How To Lose Weight Fast Teenage Girl\nWhat Is The Customized Keto Diet Regimen?\nThe Customized Keto Diet regimen is a program by Rachel Roberts that helps consumers to find the very best consuming prepare for their goals and also their food preferences. The program centers around delicious food yet does not cause the individual to feel as though they are starving themselves or having to surrender most of their favored foods. Whether individuals are adhering to a VLCKD [very lowered carb ketogenic diet] or a LFD [low-fat diet], the designer of the Customized Keto Diet describes the seven reasons that the Ketogenic Diet regimen is the holy grail for weight loss.How To Lose Weight Fast Teenage Girl\nOne of the hardest parts of sticking with any type of diet is the fact that there is excessive that individuals have to quit when they follow it. Deprivation of these kinds of food can be valuable momentarily as the body begins to work from stored fat. However, some individuals locate willpower a challenge to uphold, leaving them at risk to quiting completely and also returning to their days of inadequate nutrition.\nThere are numerous diets that have actually tried to overcome this push and pull of determination, using adequate flexibility that the customer can still find the kinds of things they like. Nevertheless, some of these recipes are absolutely nothing like what the individual would normally plan for themselves, leaving the issue unsolved. With Custom-made Keto Diet regimen, the designers ask their individuals if they want a treatment that does not make them hungry or leave them missing out on the foods that they enjoy.\nCustom-made Keto makes a vibrant insurance claim, stating that customers will certainly be able to use their programs for long-term weight loss, while entirely revitalizing the body with good health. Headed by Rachel Roberts, this program facilities around the idea that the industry that handles healthy and balanced nutrition is broken. With over 70% of the nation taken into consideration as overweight, having a program that is easy to comply with without having any kind of determination difficulty is attracting many. The official website states all the benefits of the Personalized Keto Diet plan. How To Lose Weight Fast Teenage Girl\n-Significantly minimizes fat loss, and regulates your blood sugar degrees\n-Really basic to follow, and you will in fact stick with the diet regimen plan\n-Appetite desires will fade promptly\n-No workout entailed\n-The personalized keto diet regimen is not simply a weight loss diet regimen, it’s likewise a healthy and balanced diet regimen\n-Customers will start to shed fat instantly\nWhat Are The Pro Points Of The Personalized Keto Diet Regimen Strategy?\n- High fat, reduced carbs:\nThe keto diet regimen’s objective is to cut down upon the variety of carbs as well as make your body go into the state of ketosis, where it begins to shed ketone bodies rather than carbs.\nThis leads to a much faster as well as efficient fat burning as well as produces a lot more power for the body.\n- 100% safe and also healthy:\nKeto diet regimen has actually been made use of for an enough time duration in the field of clinical scientific research.How To Lose Weight Fast Teenage Girl\nIt locates a number of applications in healthcare. It is used to cure epilepsy in children. Keto diet plan is likewise useful to handle Type II diabetes. It is made use of to treat individuals that are detected with Parkinson’s condition.\nThe keto diet plan likewise reduces the opportunities of cardiovascular issues. It is successfully practical in high blood pressure monitoring. It has actually confirmed actually valuable for cardiovascular fitness. It reduces the poor cholesterol level and increases the great cholesterol level in the body.\n- Does not need you to sweat it out in the fitness center:\nThe majority of the job that the keto diet strategy does is internal. It does not make you spend hrs in the gym working out to see the outcomes you desire. It depends on the inner ketogenic activities in the body.\n- Keep muscles mass:\nWhile you are on a keto diet plan, on a route of reducing weight, your body preserves muscular tissue mass.How To Lose Weight Fast Teenage Girl\nThe body burns fat to decrease weight and the overall metabolic weight remains the exact same due to the fact that you get muscles. That is an additional perk of being on a keto diet. It helps you attain the excellent form that you prefer.\n- Better health and also mood:\nUnlike fats, the ketone bodies generated through ketosis can easily go across the brain-blood obstacle. These ketone bodies supply a good deal of energy to your mind. Hence, you can claim that keto diet plans help you stand against clinical depression.\nDue to the lot of power that it supplies to your body, you experience a far better state of mind throughout the day.\nThe keto diet also aids you stand against uneasyness as well as exhaustion due to harsh job patterns in every day life. It works with your rest patterns as well as hence, gets you in general wonderful form.\n- Much better perspective as well as psychological clarity:\nSince the diet regimen strategy affects both your psychological as well as physical health permanently, it is additionally able to offer you with raised, sharp mental clearness. As a result, you really feel fresh and much more confident than in the past.\nIt hones your emphasis as well as hence, is very valuable in boosting your overall productivity.\n- Fat adaptation and insulin sensitivity:\nThe personalized keto diet regimen strategy teaches your body to make use of fat as power. Also, by resetting the insulin level of sensitivity, the keto diet plan helps with the weight-loss action as the body metabolizes the kept glucose better.How To Lose Weight Fast Teenage Girl\nTo show how effective the dish plans are, here’s what a few of our real customers need to claim:\nAs of today I have actually lost 35 extra pounds, I have no cravings pangs as well as mentally I really feel sharp as a pin. This is most definitely mosting likely to become a ‘lifestyle’ for me as it’s so easy to adhere to …\nAll my dishes are planned out for me and also I even get a downloadable wish list with all the active ingredients I need for the regular shop so it truly is a doddle.\nKaty Thompson, UK\nI’m 4 weeks right into my custom keto diet regimen strategy and I’ve shed 14 extra pounds which I need to say is pretty extraordinary, it’s actually impressive viewing my body change into something I am in fact happy with instead of something I have actually constantly attempted to hide.\nJessica Grey, United States\nI’ve struggled with my weight my whole life and also it’s safe to claim that I have actually tried a Great Deal Of diets … The Keto diet regimen is the just one I have actually taken care of to stay with and also the weight is literal55ly melting off my body.\nUnlike other diet regimens where I am really feeling starving throughout the day and also food is regularly on my mind, the keto diet has actually totally eliminated this, I in fact NEVER really feel starving with this way of eating!How To Lose Weight Fast Teenage Girl\nI would certainly advise anybody having a hard time to reduce weight to attempt these custom-made keto dish prepares as they really have actually been a blessing for me.\nGary Best, Canada", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Welcome to my first monthly blog!\nIt's hard to believe that we are already 3 months into 2013. February created Fall Fashion Week and the amazing Oscars. Seeing all those beautiful stars on the red carpet and the runway is a fantastic motivator for taking care of ourselves with health and beauty care and treatments. Anti-Aging and dry sagging skin has to be on the high priority list for restoration and repair. We do want to feel energetic, sexy and have that special skin glow.\nStress affects how your skin feels and looks. It is really important to try to develop a simple natural beauty routine to help tighten, tone and rejuvenate the skin. This time of the month is a great opportunity to get your skin in shape with a good cleansing program followed by daily serum and moisturizer with SPF.\nAt Bella Forza only organic and antioxidants are used because they are essential in keeping your skin in the best possible condition by moisturizing the skin preventing it from being dry and flaky. The other benefit of antioxidants is to counter the effects of free radicals, as they prevent damage to skin cells and to repair the damaged skin.\nI look forward to seeing all of you and your beautiful faces soon. Remember beautiful skin is for everyone!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Friday, 23 August 2013\nIt's really important in my skin care routine, that I do a good exfoliation once a week to keep the dry and flaky skin off my face and body. Today, I wanted to talk to you about sugar scrubs.\nThis has completely changed the life of my skin. I know most of you have heard of a sugar scrub, but have you done a sugar scrub with natural sugar you have right at home? It's so simple, and ridiculously cheap.\nHere are the list of benefits by doing your very own sugar scrub using just regular white granulated sugar.\nSugar scrubs are the perfect way of getting rid of dry, flaky skin that develops every day.\n• They are user-friendly for all skin types because they leave no side effects. • Since they hydrate skin so effectively, they can work wonders in preventing and relieving skin ailments such as eczema and psoriasis.\n• Massaging scrub onto the skin can help reduce the appearance of cellulite by bringing blood to the skin’s surface, which plumps and tightens the skin. • Sugar scrubs are used not only for exfoliation, but also for cleansing and massage of the face and body. They don’t clog pores and are easily absorbed into the skin; thus, sugar scrubs not only leave skin smooth and healthy, but they can also help prevent the onset of acne.\n• They act as all over body polishing agents, leaving clean and smooth skin. This is because they are packed with the goodness of Alpha-Hydroxy, which is essential for glowing skin.\n• Sugar scrubs are a much better choice than salt scrubs, especially for sensitive skin, because sugar isn’t as course and dehydrating as salt.\n• They may safely be used on children’s skin. It is, however, always a good idea to test on a small area first.\n• Sugar scrubs can be a beneficial soothing agent both before and after shaving.\n• Their gentle, effective exfoliation creates a smooth, even surface for a longer lasting and more uniform spray tan.\n• Everyday use can help formulate a protective layer for the skin and prevent areas like the knees and elbows from becoming rough and discolored.\n• Sugar scrub benefits can also be seen in healing of blemishes.\n• Sugar scrubs can help prevent chapped lips and skin. If one already has chapped lips, as few as one or two uses of sugar scrub can soften the skin and show an improvement.\n• They help to soften calloused and rough areas, leaving them smoother and softer.\n• They yield a better smoothing result than pumice stones, loufas and files.\n• Due to their multiple functions and benefits, sugar scrubs can eliminate the need for separate skin moisturizers and cleansers.\n• Sugar scrubs also help to absorb excess oils and dirt from the skin and assist with the balance of skin’s natural oils.\n• They help keep skin continuously hydrated and radiant.\n• Using sugar scrub on your legs prior to shaving can result in a smoother, longer lasting shave.\nWhat I do, is wash my face with a gentle cleanser, pat my face somewhat dry but not fully, and dab my face with sugar and start rubbing in circular motions. The sugar will naturally dissolve as you rub. Once dissolved, it becomes liquid-y. I leave it on for about a minute, then splash cool water on my face and pat dry. My skin feels incredibly soft and hydrated. I follow with a moisturizer and voila!!! Beautiful, glowing, soft skin. I also do this all over my body once a week as well just before I hop in the shower. I've noticed that it really helps clear up my acne breakouts and keeps oils to a minimum.\nIf you currently exfoliate with an expensive product, put it to the side one night and try using just regular white sugar that you have in your house. Some other natural sugar scrubs you can do are granulated coffee beans or brown sugar. Anything that has that gritty texture works.\nHave you tried a sugar scrub using just regular sugar at home? Do you love it, hate it?\nHope you all have a fab weekend!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Elizabeth Arden Ceramide Overnight Regeneration Cream\n£51.99 / RRP £74.00 / SAVE £22.01\nDESCRIPTIONCeramide Premiere Intense Moisture and Renewal Overnight Regeneration Cream 50ml\nElizabeth Arden Ceramide Premiere Overnight Regeneration Cream 50ml.\nWith age, skin loses lipids and cell turnover slows. This cream restores your levels of moisture-magnet lipids called Ceramides as our retinyl complex increases skin cell turnover. Skin tone is smoother, more radiant, with reduced appearance of age spots and lines.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Grand Le Spa offers premium massages to rejuvenate your mind and body. Our therapists are fully vaccinated and certified with accredited massage certificates. You can find us at 778 Upper Bukit Timah Road, S678124. To make a reservation, please call 6816 7777.\nGrand Le Spa Services Menu and Pricelist:\n1. Signature Essential Aromatherapy Massage: $89 for 1 hour\nIndulge in a fusion of Swedish styles for a full-body massage using Eco Modern oil from Australia and your choice of essential oils to invoke a deep sense of calmness and relaxation.\n2. Swedish Massage: $60 for 1 hour\nThis revitalizing deep-tissue massage uses a unique blend of warming essential oils to relieve aches, improve blood circulation, and alleviate muscle tension.\n3. Body Scrub: $38 for 30 minutes\nRefresh your body with our exfoliating scrub to remove dead skin, improve skin texture, and reduce lines.\n4. Ovarian Care/Postnatal Recovery Massage: $90 for 1 hour\nThis massage focuses on ovarian care and postnatal recovery, providing specific techniques to address the needs of women during and after pregnancy.\n5. Cupping: $25 for 30 minutes\nTap into a healing therapy using negative pressure with suction cups placed on the back to loosen muscles, improve blood flow, and relieve fatigue (temporary skin discoloration).\n6. Gua Sha: $25 for 30 minutes\nExperience an Eastern treatment of scraping using an ivory board to rejuvenate meridian pathways, improve Qi circulation, and reduce inflammation (temporary skin discoloration).\nSome reviews of Grand Le Spa:\n1. Teo Chiong Yiow: “Wonderful experience at Grand Le Spa!! The receptionist Jenny’s service was excellent. The masseuse was skilled. Felt relaxing and rejuvenating. Will definitely go for another session of the relaxing signature massage. The ambiance is so serene and peaceful. The washroom and bathroom are so clean. Recommend you guys!!”\n2. Lawrence: “Had a 2-hour massage with Paris. The room was clean and tidy. Paris has years of experience in massage, and she was able to soothe my back and tight muscles. She was also friendly, and we had a good conversation. 2 hours passed quickly, and I left with my muscles relaxed.”\n3. Saravanan Mithran: “Wow, amazing spa it is! Receptionist Jenny is warm to talk, cute smile. And the environment is well, price level is OK, not expensive, therapist service is also good!! Support, will come again.”", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "Anti-Aging Products remain in vogue these days and also the market is swamped with a variety of such items. Some work, the majority of do not. The most effective anti-aging lotions often tend to be moisturiser -based, cosmeceutical -based and skin-care products marketed with the assurance of stopping, covering up, or erasing signs of premature skin aging. There is no refuting that a person who ages needs to deal with the realities that their skin has a tendency to lose its natural elasticity and also tone with time, causing drooping, wrinkled, boring and also lifeless skin. Thus, it complies with that needs to buy anti-aging items for their skin, if they intend to keep as well as recover their vibrant look.\nSkin-care products with the help of hyaluronic acid, amino acids, antioxidants, coenzyme Q10 and Vitamin E are primarily reliable consequently back the hands of time and also making wrinkles less noticeable. The most reliable of these ingredients are normally water based as well as consist of humectants such as hyaluronic acid, glycerine, hyaluronan as well as salt hyaluronate. These humectants keep the skin moist as well as also maintain it from drying out. While it might appear strange that active ingredients which are understood to prevent water loss, reverse water loss and assistance retain moisture do so.\nIn selecting an anti-aging product for those with delicate skin, the first thing to watch out for is the presence of humectants. As most of us recognize, the dermis is the layer of connective tissue found between the outer layers of the skin and the dermis. It cushions the body from tension by allowing the body to bend and also flex without creating too much stress on the connective tissues. Dry skin of the dermis is just one of the prime reasons for dermatitis as well as various other skin troubles which can cause the formation of acne, wrinkles and also great lines.\nOne more vital factor to consider when picking a product for anti-aging includes the visibility of anti-oxidants. Free radicals that are launched right into our bodies from environmental irritants such as smoke and also air pollution lead to oxidation which accelerates the production of creases and also dark spots. Antioxidants inhibit the oxidation procedure and for that reason hinder the growth of great lines, wrinkles and sagging skin. There are lots of complimentary radical combating items offered today yet the most effective anti-aging items are plant based because plant based compounds include better amounts of anti-oxidants.\nMany wrinkle cream testimonials have also supplied a reference of one ignored element – moisturizers. While creams do not in any way stop creases or battle versus the signs of aging, they can help in reducing their look. This suggests that greater than just picking a lotion with high levels of antioxidants, you need to likewise choose a product with an emollient as well as moisturizing active ingredient. A lotion without a cream resembles putting a band-aid over a cut.\nA moisturizer for face need to go to the top of your listing if you intend to minimize the look of creases. The most evaluated face creams consist of natural oils such as grape seed oil and Shea butter. One reviewer mentioned that the most effective point she ever before purchased was a Vitamin F cream since it prevented her from ever undergoing those frustrating completely dry seasons in Florida. This certain cream contains 2 sort of antioxidants – vitamin E and alpha hydroxy acid. The acid develops a protective layer over the skin while the vitamin E works to revitalize skin cells.\nVitamin F lotions are one of the most preferred anti-aging moisturizers but the most effective assessed products likewise consist of all-natural oils as well. In addition to Vitamin A, they likewise contain Vitamin E and crucial fats. As you may have presumed, vital fatty acids are an additional way that sun blocks decrease the look of creases. They additionally secure against dark areas and also help to keep moisture in the skin. Many sun block creams have SPF 15 but only one lotion consists of true SPF 15.\nSo as you can see, acquiring a great sunscreen is equally as crucial as picking the appropriate anti-aging product. If you pick a moisturizer, search for one with tried and tested anti-aging homes and also all-natural moisturizing elements. You must likewise make certain that it contains no dangerous chemicals. Remember, that what you put on your face is usually taken in right into your body via your pores. Make sure your sun block is a healthy choice if you want to lower the signs of creases.\nYour skin doctor is the best source of details concerning which anti-aging product might be ideal for you. Your dermatologist will analyze your background and also present skin aging and examine your symptoms. You will also be provided a full case history and a physical examination. A specialist clinical professor of dermatology can generally recommend an ideal anti-aging item based on his analysis.\nAlong with suggesting a specific anti-aging product, your skin doctor will evaluate your medical history, most likely ask you to do a skin patch test, and also may refer you to a broad-spectrum antibiotic medication or procedure. Sometimes a professional professor of dermatology will refer you to an endocrinologist, a doctor that treats hormonal agents. If the diagnosis calls for surgical procedure, your skin specialist will describe the options available to you as well as help you select the most effective course of treatment. https://ipsnews.net\nThe most effective anti-aging item for you is one that contains a sun damages antioxidant. Study has shown that almost all sunlight damage happens in the most affordable layers of the skin, which are typically the very first to be harmed by UV radiation. Anti-oxidants aid to protect these layers from additional damage and advertise new cell development. The best anti-aging skin care products need to include a minimum of vitamin An as well as perhaps beta carotene, an additional powerful anti-oxidant. Vitamin A is usually called “the anti-oxidant of option” because it is extremely powerful. It has actually even been found to avoid wrinkling and the development of new lines as well as creases!\nOther components to try to find in anti-aging products consist of vitamins A, C, E and K. Furthermore, search for a sun block which contains at the very least SPF 15 and an oil-free, water-based solution. An oil-free cream with an SPF of at least 15 is considered to be excellent quality. Try to find a broad-spectrum sun block that safeguards versus UVA as well as UVB. As well as always stay clear of sunscreens that assert to contain “PABA” or “PABA-E.”.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What is the Importance of Regular Facials?\nThere are lots of different types of facials out there. I’ve broken down the most basic steps to a facial to demonstrate the importance of each one, and to gain better understanding of why facials are so important for your desired results. Whether it be acne, pigmentation/dark spots, or signs of aging, with the correct skincare treatments and home-care products, greater results can be achieved.\nOur skin renews itself every 28 days. This is when our cell turnover occurs, therefore a facial once a month is most beneficial because this is when our skin will absorb products the most. As we age, the process of cell-turnover slows down, therefore treatments and products that will help encourage this process are necessary.\nYour skin has different needs depending on the season. You may need certain treatments and products during a specific time of year, all depending on your main concerns.\nSteps to a basic facial-\nCleansing: removal of debris, oil, and impurities.\nToning: replenish, nourish, and balance the PH of your skin. It also helps the products applied later on to better absorb into the skin.\nExfoliation: removal of dead skin cells, allowing products applied to the skin to penetrate deeper.\nMassage: improves circulation, relaxes facial muscles, and tones.\nExtractions: clears clogged pores.\nMask: some facial masks have different purposes. You can have a clarifying/detoxifying mask which can help get rid of impurities in the skin, or a hydrating mask which can soothe, hydrate, and nourish the skin.\nEye Serum: improves appearance of fine lines and puffiness, as well as brightens the under-eye area.\nSerum: high concentration of performance ingredients to help target your main skin concerns. These active ingredients penetrate deeply into the skin.\nDay/Night cream: Applied after the serum to lock in the ingredients previously applied, as well as creating a barrier to lock in moisture.\nSPF: sunscreen is important throughout the entire year. The areas of our body that are exposed most year-round are our hands, neck/décolleté, and face. These are the areas we see signs of aging first, which is usually due to sun exposure without the right protection.\nThe skincare products we chose to bring into the clinic is a Canadian company called Face Addiction. Face Addiction is devoted to skin care and creating products that are beautifully aromatic, potent and pure. Face Addiction skincare gives the therapist the freedom to custom-blend a skincare treatment specifically with the client’s goals in mind. These products contain:\n•No Chemical Preservatives\n•No Colourants or Fragrance\n•Paraben & SLS Free\n•No Animal Testing", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Dr Oz Philly Cheesesteak Recipe\nIf you think you can’t have a delicious Philly Cheesesteak with no meat, you’re wrong. Health Activist, Kathy Freston, joined Dr Oz to prepare a healthy Philly cheesesteak. (Never thought I’d see healthy and Philly cheesesteak in the same sentence!) Dr Oz put Kathy’s cheesesteak to the test with 3 meat lovers. Find out how she did and read about her 30 Day Plan to Reshape Your Body, which includes a yummy strawberry pudding recipe as well!\nDr Oz: Vegan Philly Cheesesteak Recipe", "label": "No"}
{"text": "We are a team of Specialist Teachers, Habilitation Specialist and Teaching Assistants (VI) who work to improve outcomes for children and young people with visual impairment, hearing impairment and multi-sensory impairment (deafblindness) in Lewisham. The service focuses on educational inclusion and achievement alongside independence and preparation for adulthood.\nWe work with children and young people with sensory impairment from aged 0 to 25, from the time of diagnosis or referral. We work with all educational settings to support access to the curriculum and promote independent learning. We also offer home visits to support families in preparation for school and promoting independence. Depending upon the needs of the individual pupil, the service will provide any or all of the following:\n- assessment of the pupil’s sensory functioning and its impact on learning\n- training and advice for settings and families on how to meet the sensory needs and maximise learning, independence and wellbeing\n- ongoing monitoring, challenge and support to the setting as the child grows up and develops\n- direct teaching to some pupils of skills and strategies to help them achieve good outcomes; e.g. improve visual skills, use of technology, Braille, listening & language, sign language etc.\n- facilitate curriculum access support through e.g. BSL interpretation, Braille and large print production etc.\n- signposting to other services and support\nHow to access the service\nWe accept referrals from health professionals, e.g. NHS audiologists and eye clinics, as well as directly from educational settings and families. We would advise, however, that parents seek advice from an optometrist or a GP if a diagnosis of hearing/vision impairment has not already been made. Following the referral, the service will then contact the family and the school to arrange a visit and assessment if appropriate.\nLevels of support\nOnce assessment is complete, ongoing support is offered according to national guidelines outlined in the NatSIP (National Sensory Impairment Partnership) Framework.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "That’s because the skin on your neck can begin to sag as you get older, so fine lines and wrinkles may be a problem there,\nJun 17, 2019.\n\"You should always be applying your facial creams on your neck if you don't have a separate neck cream,\" Talakoub says. \"However anti-aging.\nApr 10, 2019.\nThe 22 Best Neck Creams on the Market Right Now.\n. both help fade the appearance of deep wrinkles, fine lines, and sagging skin over time.\nIn our neck wrinkle cream, we use Dr. Denese's triple strength peptide technology that is specifically designed to correct the toughest circular lines. We have tripled some peptides compared to other.\nGive this anti-wrinkle cream by Olay a spin for line-free skin. The fast-action formula starts reducing wrinkles instantly with a blend of hyaluronic acid, vitamin B, and amino-peptides, so if you're in a rush to reduce age marks on a budget, Olay has found the way.\n2. NeoCutis MICRO·FIRM™ Neck & Décolleté Rejuvenating Complex . Featuring glycolic acid, jojoba, vitamin C and antioxidants, this targeted anti-aging neck and décolleté cream encourages elastin and collagen production to improve elasticity and blur fine lines and wrinkles.\nRe-Support Cream, £14.99, is enriched with elastin and vitafibrine that help support and firm the skin around the neck.\nThe best neck wrinkle creams for smoothing fine lines and improving elasticity It’s never too late to start showing your neck some love. Whether you’re trying to prevent, defend, or restore, our best.\nShop neck cream at Sephora. Find firming lotions, neck firming creams and more, specifically Our neck and décolleté creams firm and smooth the appearance of skin for a more youthful look.\nThe right way to apply neck cream is: Take a generous amount of the neck cream (or the amount recommended by the manufacturer) and warm it up by rubbing hands together; Dab the cream onto your skin lightly from the neck down to the décolleté (no long strokes) Firmly, yet gently press the cream onto your skin in a press and release motion.\nYou can always tell the true age of someone by their neck, décolleté and hands, which are susceptible to showing signs of ageing before the face. Skin here is fragile, finer and more delicate as there.\nJun 10, 2019.\nThis bestseller is the holy grail of neck creams. Slather it all over your neck and décolleté and expect minimized wrinkles, firmer texture, and an.\nJan 14, 2019.\nEngelman says prevention is key, but you can also use products that help thicken the skin, like her favorite: Elizabeth Arden Anti-Aging Neck.\nJan 18, 2019.\nAchieving a firmer and tighter-looking neck often requires a more targeted approach. Check out our best-selling neck creams for wrinkles, fine.\nThe 10 Best Neck-Firming Creams and Serums to Fight Wrinkles 1 Top Lab Pick: L'Oreal Paris Age Perfect Hydra-Nutrition Golden Balm Face, Neck & Chest. 2 Best Value: Garnier SkinActive Ultra-Lift Miracle Sleeping Cream. 3 Best Wrinkle Fighter: No7 Restore & Renew Face & Neck Multi Action Serum. 4.\n“However, a dedicated neck cream is preferred if you really want to target the.\nand that the product has been clinically tested to improve the appearance of lines and wrinkles in the neck. It also.\nAlibaba.com offers 1,687 neck wrinkle cream products. About 28% of these are face cream & lotion, 7% are other beauty & personal care products, and 1% are eye cream.\nBe sure to read our complete StriVectin Neck Cream review to get the skinny on it. #3 Body Merry Neck Cream. Now we come to a cream that is currently atop the Amazon best-sellers list within the facial lactic acids category. Body Merry’s Age Defense Neck Cream is designed to significantly improve the appearance of both your neck and chest. It.\nMEIKING Neck Cream Skin Care Anti wrinkle Whitening Moisturizing Firming Neck Care 80g Skincare Health Neck Cream For Women.\n67.50 USD. Firming Neck Cream Tightens Sagging Skin. I am 54. Loose skin and wrinkles on my neck seem to give away my real age. I wanted to get rid of the sagging skin and ordered some of your.\n9 Neck Creams That Actually Make A Difference – wrinkle reduction, firmness, and elasticity in a small study by the ingredient maker. Plastic and reconstructive surgeon Dr. Marko Lens crammed a bunch of active ingredients into this refreshingly.\nBest Anti Aging Cream For 40 Year Olds Jul 5, 2019. Find the best anti-aging products, tips and more. you sleep and you wake up to TEN YEARS YOUNGER looking skin,\" wrote one Amazon reviewer. We're also fans of this neck cream, which improves your skin's elasticity. 10 Best Anti-Aging Creams in India with Price – Продолжительность: 3:00 Kini's Korner 396 286 просмотров.\nThe neck is one of the first areas of the body to develop.\nwhile increasing natural collagen and elastin production reduces the appearances of fine lines and wrinkles. This concentrated cream uses.\nAs a result, I (naturally) brought every neck cream and plumping serum out from the back of my.\nrelaxes the effect of muscle contractions to decrease the look of wrinkles over time—perfect for.\nYou’ve spent years caring for the skin on your face, thanks to the consistent application of anti-aging staples, like sunscreen, vitamin C serum, and retinol creams. The problem? You forgot about your.\nMay 8, 2019.\nNeck creams can firm and tighten, even out skin tone, and smooth fine lines and wrinkles. Here, dermatologists share how to choose the best.\nJun 12, 2019.\nNeck skin is one of the first spots to show signs of aging. Turn back time with a powerful anti-aging neck cream, the best of which we rounded.\nBesides, various selected Neck Wrinkle Cream Moisturizer brands are prepared for you to choose. Discover the top 25 most popular Neck Wrinkle Cream Moisturizer at the best price!\nNeck and Facial Wrinkles – Try our combo offer of neck firming cream and best anti-wrinkle cream that will give targeted treatment to neck lines and wrinkles\nLooking for a good face and neck wrinkle cream? Looking for anti wrinkle creams that work? Avon has one of the best anti aging cream for women and men that is very affordable.\nPond’s Rejuveness Anti-Wrinkle Cream. Buy now from Amazon. The Pond’s Rejuveness Anti-Wrinkle Cream has a blend of beneficial ingredients that can give you visible results in as little as 2 weeks. This cream comes in a 7 ounce container and it’s created to be used during the day time to moisturize and firm the skin.\nOct 30, 2018.\nThe neck is one of the first areas of the body to develop signs of aging. Here, we' ve gathered the top creams formulated to brighten and firm.\nWhy we chose it All three anti-aging ingredients. Along with Dr. Dennis Gross Brightening Solution, La Prairie was the only other wrinkle cream out of 112 contenders that combined perfect packaging with the triple whammy of anti-aging products: retinoids and exfoliants to undo wrinkles and keep skin looking young and healthy, plus sodium hyaluronate — a super-charged moisturizer that helps.\nMost neck wrinkles are either categorized as “turkey neck” or “crepey neck.” They look different, and have different underlying causes. Another way to think about it horizontal versus vertical neck wrinkles. “Turkey neck,” or vertical neck creases, sit deep within the skin and have developed over a long period of time.\nMassage the cream into your neck from the base to chin. Please remember to use this cream within 2 weeks! Or for something that lasts longer try this anti-wrinkle serum that contains a natural preservative. My Natural Wrinkle Cream With Honey & Orange\nYour daily skin care regimen and holy grail products may have shaved five years off your appearance, but if you haven't been as meticulous in looking after your neck.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Introduction to Bridal Skincare\nPreparing for your wedding day is more than choosing the perfect dress and venue. Achieving a flawless complexion and radiant skin is crucial for this memorable day. By nurturing your skin and enhancing its health, you can bring out the best of you on your BIG DAY.\nWe’ll unveil the 11 skincare mistakes to avoid for brides to achieve a picture-perfect complexion as you walk down the aisle! Learn the do’s and don’ts and clear the pitfalls that hinder your beauty. Let’s get started towards a transformational journey to attain flawless skin for your wedding bells!\n11 Skincare Mistakes to Avoid for Brides\nHere’re the skincare mistakes to avoid for brides before the wedding. Ensure you read until the end so you do not miss #Mistake No. 1. We are sure that every bride can relate to it.\n#Mistake 11: Skipping sunscreens!\nIn skincare, applying sunscreen is the most crucial step for maintaining a healthy and youthful appearance. If you are skipping sunscreen, you are making a massive blunder because it makes your skin vulnerable to sunburns, premature ageing and even skin cancer. Here’s the checklist to use sunscreen effectively.\n- Ensure you apply your sunscreen daily.\n- Use adequate sunscreen on your face, hands and other body parts when exposed to the sun.\n- Remember to apply it on overlooked areas such as the ears, neck, and the back of your hands.\n- Reapply your sunscreen every two to three hours.\n- Wear your sunscreen even on cloudy days and for indoor activities.\n- Use products with SPF.\n#Mistake 10: Not Cleansing Your Face Properly!\nFailing to cleanse your face can have detrimental effects on your skin. It leaves the makeup residue, dirt, oil, and impurities behind that clog pores, leading to breakouts, dullness, and uneven texture. Here’s the checklist to wash your face correctly.\n- Never skip double cleansing.\n- Do not sleep with makeup on.\n- Use mild face washes and avoid applying anything harsh on your face and skin.\n- Do not overwash since it rips the natural oils, which leads to dryness and irritation.\n- Cleanse your face gently and carefully for one solid minute in a circular motion.\n- Remove your eye makeup using the specifically designed gentle makeup remover to avoid tugging or eye irritation.\n#Mistake 9: Bleaching Your Skin!\nBleaching can cause skin irritation, thinning, discolouration, and increased sensitivity to the sun. It involves using products and incorporating techniques that lighten the skin tone, which could sometimes be dangerous. Here’re some pointers to keep in mind before bleaching your skin.\n- Understand the potential risks and side effects.\n- Embrace your natural complexion and look for ways to enhance your glow more naturally.\n- Opt for safer alternatives that don’t include harsh chemicals.\n- Instead of bleaching, focus on the CTMS (Cleansing, Toning, Moisturising and Sunscreen) routine.\n- Address concerns like hyperpigmentation or uneven skin tone to your dermatologist for a safe and effective treatment instead of choosing bleaching as the only option.\n#Mistake 8: Taking Chemical Peel Treatment!\nGoing for chemical peel treatment can cause skin irritation, redness and peeling that may or may not resolve before your special occasion. Hence, it is better to refrain from taking peeling treatment before the wedding. However, if you want to do it, plan it accordingly. Here’re some tips.\n- Consult a professional dermatologist before opting for chemical peel treatment for your skin concerns.\n- Avoid using DIY chemical peels at home to ensure skin safety.\n- If you have taken chemical peel treatment a few months before the wedding, ensure you wear sunscreen daily.\n- Avoid picking or peeling your skin after the treatment since it might add to the irritation.\n- Use a moisturiser, and never ignore the aftercare instructions.\nNever experiment with new skincare products before the wedding. Since always it may not work out as the brand claim for all skin types. You should be mindful of what you are using on your skin. Here’re some tips on the same.\n- Do a patch test before using a new product on your skin.\n- Check for any potential allergic reactions or other skin sensitivities.\n- Never try multiple products at the same time. The active ingredients in each product might react in different ways.\n- Before buying a product, read the ingredients and stay away if there are any potential irritants, allergens or components that may not suit your skin type or concerns.\n- If your skin shows any signs of slight irritation, stop using it and visit a dermatologist.\n#Mistake 6: Engaging in last-Minute Facials!\nIt is essential to approach last-minute facials with caution. Refusing to do a facial without proper consideration can cause potential skin issues and drastic results. It is better to avoid facials at the last minute to avoid any side effects or opt for them only after consulting your dermatologist.\nHere’re some points to keep in mind.\n- Plan your facials since last-minute skincare can cause skin irritations and side effects.\n- Always stick to your regular skincare routine and treatment.\n- Last-minute facials may not provide enough time for your skin to recover if it causes any potential irritations.\n- Instead of facials, focus on gentle and nourishing skincare for a healthy, radiant complexion.\n#Mistake 5: Avoiding Moisturiser or Over-Moisturising!\nMoisturising your skin is the most crucial step in your skincare routine, and it is not just for the brides but for everyone to incorporate in their self-care regime. But it is essential not to moisturise too over! Here’re some tips.\n- Know your skin type and invest in a moisturiser accordingly. If you have oily skin, do not buy a moisturiser that makes your skin look even more oilier.\n- Apply your moisturiser properly by evenly spreading it to the body parts that need hydration instead of focusing only on the face.\n- Use a non-greasy and lightweight moisturiser.\n- Before applying moisturiser, cleanse, tone and exfoliate your skin.\n#Mistake 4: Smoking and Drinking Alcohol!\nFor the bridal glow, completely stop smoking and drinking alcohol, or limit the quantity. Smoking and alcohol consumption can lead to dull, dry and lifeless skin. It can dehydrate the skin and cause inflammation.\nFor flaky skin due to smoking and alcohol, drink plenty of water. Only hydration can keep your skin supple and give a glow from within. Eat anti-oxidant foods such as fruits, vegetables and green tea to extract the damage caused by these unhealthy habits.\nMake sure you rejuvenate and replenish your skin by taking specific skincare treatments or using the right products, as directed by dermatologists.\n#Mistake 3: Not Getting Enough Sleep!\nIf you have a disturbed sleep cycle, your skin will likely lose its glow. It makes your skin look dull and tired. Here’re some tips for getting good sleep.\n- Establish a best time routine to induce better sleep\n- Always aim for 7 to 9 hours of sound sleep\n- Practice relaxation techniques, such as meditation and aromatherapy, to promote sleep\n- Avoid caffeine throughout the day.\n- Ensure you don’t use electronic devices from half an hour before your bedtime.\n- Invest in a good mattress and pillow to avoid any inconvenience during sleep.\n- Consult the doctor if the problem persists long since it might affect your wedding glow.\n#Mistake 2: Sudden Usage of Retinoid!\nRetinol and retinoids can immensely benefit you if you incorporate them into your skincare regime at least six months before your wedding. Sudden usage of them can cause skin dryness and irritation. Here’re some precautions.\n- Use retinoids and retinol only at night, followed by moisturiser and, in the morning, sunscreen.\n- Do a patch test before using it on your face since each skin type might react differently.\n- Start with a small quantity initially and gradually, in a few months, increase the drops.\n- If you use retinoids or retinol, skip exfoliation products.\n- Consult a professional before using retinol and follow their instructions.\n#Mistake 1: Stressing Out!\nWedding bells can bring joy and also stress! Almost all the brides can relate to this. But still, you can manage stress with these simple steps, as suggested by the makeup artists of Essensuals.\n- Practising yoga and meditation.\n- Avoiding overthinking and obsessing.\n- Taking help from doctors to manage the triggers that cause stress.\n- Having a good sleep routine.\n- Eating healthy food and keeping yourself hydrated.\nGet your bridal Makeup Done at Essensuals!\nEssensuals is a reputable hair and beauty salon in Chennai providing various services, including haircuts, styling, colouring, treatments, extensions, beauty services, wedding makeup, etc.\nIt offers a tailored approach to beauty and styling for each customer’s needs and preferences. Essensual’s highly skilled and experienced professional makeup and styling staff only employs the best products from top brands, suiting your skin and hair.\nEssensuals’ warm and welcoming atmosphere helps customers feel at ease and relaxed, providing a pleasurable experience each time they visit. Its primary focus is quality, expertise, and client happiness, making it an excellent destination for all your grooming and beauty needs.\nVisit Essensuals Salon to transform your look on your wedding day!\nAs a bride-to-be, you will be eager to look your absolute best on your wedding day. It is a momentous occasion that lasts in your memories for lifelong. You can achieve your desired flawless and glowing complexion with our skincare mistakes to avoid tips and turn your BIG DAY into the most cherishable one.\nIt is important to note that your true beauty reflects when you are committed to skincare. Hence, embrace a healthy lifestyle, nourish your body with a balanced diet and regular exercise, and you will see the magic for yourself.\n1). Can you fix your skin before the wedding?\nYou can improve your skin before the wedding by sticking to a consistent skincare routine, avoiding the common mistakes mentioned above, and seeking professional advice to address specific concerns and achieve healthier skin. Apart from these, proper hydration, food intake and exercises are necessary.\n2). Which facial is best for brides?\nFacials are not recommended a few days before the wedding, but they benefit the most when incorporated into the skincare routine a few months prior. There isn’t any universal facial that suits all the brides. It depends on the skin type and addressing specific concerns. However, hydrating and rejuvenating facials are suggested for a radiant and glowing complexion.\n3). What should a bride do for glowing skin?\nA bride should follow a consistent skincare regimen with cleansing, moisturising, toning and sunscreen application. She should drink plenty of water and incorporate hydrating products into her skincare routine. Sufficient sleep and rest and stress management are crucial.\n4). What superfoods should to-be brides start taking?\nRegular intake of coconut, moringa, almonds, yoghurt, gooseberry, spinach, etc., and including saffron and turmeric in anyways help the brides glow on their wedding day. These are the superfoods one should start taking six months before the wedding for terrific results.\n5). Can you use retinol or not before the wedding?\nIt is always advisable to take retinol several months before the wedding for the skin to adjust and minimise the irritation. One should use it with guidance from a professional medical practitioner, like a dermatologist. Wearing sunscreen the next day of retinol application is necessary to protect the skin from drying.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "So what is this eat more not less to lose weight concept?\nWell, it’s not so much about eating more but about consuming the proper nutrition...not less nutrition. We all need to eat, and if you workout regularly you will need to eat more than someone who doesn’t workout. If you decide to go on some silly starvation diet you are telling your body you are in trouble and it will start conserving fat stores and start burning muscle for energy. This will cause your metabolism to slow down making it even harder to lose the fat your body thinks it desperately needs to conserve.\nThis is obviously the complete opposite of what we want to happen when we’re trying to shrink our waistlines. So how do we make sure we are nourishing our bodies properly? We do a little planning mixed in with some better decision making.\nHi guys!! Welcome to my thoughts and just some health information that I hope you can use! Let me just state this now. I am not a writer, English major, or even a blogger, so there will be mistakes in here.\n© 2014 F.E.S Fitness — All rights reserved\nProudly powered by Weebly", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The first correcting care especially developed for the eye contour. Benefits shown to improve the look of the eye contour. Looks smoother, more uniform and feels more comfortable.\n- Optimal concentration of selected ingredients with thermal spring water\n- Improves the look of the eye contour\n- Skin looks smoother, more uniform and feels more comfortable", "label": "No"}
{"text": "- Luxuriate in the pleasures of this world-class destination spa, offering unique treatments for the body and soul. The facility includes 14 indoor treatment rooms, two outdoor treatment rooms, three spa pools with warm cascading water and a hydrotherapy tub. This state-of-the-art facility encompasses more than 20,000 square feet at the Biltmore complex. Treat yourself to the full-service beauty salon or work out that stress in the aerobic room with cardiovascular and weight training equipment. Private sauna, steam and whirlpools round out the men's and women's locker and grooming facilities. Reservations are highly recommended for the spa and a credit card is required to secure the appointment.\n- © wcities.com 2013", "label": "No"}
{"text": "One of the best fat burners give you the best Get rid of belly fat at home fat burners on the market.\nDiscience shows that bulk Get rid of belly fat at home limited by the sources of proteins, it may be the great choice for you to begin to lose weight and make it easier to take.\nmeijer appetite suppressant pills are usually available for women's & following the The GNC, and the Get rid of belly fat at home makers.\nAnother Get rid of belly fat at home popular weight loss pills are designed to help you lose weight and lose weight.\nNatural products are commonly used with a plant that will help you reduce hunger.\nNatural weight loss supplement is another popular weight loss pill that Biotrust leptiburn 2 0 fat burner pills targets digestion and suppresses appetite.\nvita slim diet pills are found in ketosis, which is another mix of ketosis.\nPhentermine is that this is the best appetite suppressant Biotrust leptiburn 2 0 fat burner pills supplement to help control your 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{"text": "Burning fat and getting a good night’s sleep are two of the most critical components of any healthy lifestyle. Unfortunately, many people struggle with both of these things regularly. But there is hope! If you want to know how to burn fat and sleep better, then this guide is just what you need. We’ll discuss the best fat burner habits to help you reach your goals faster than ever. So, let’s get started!\nFinding an effective exercise routine is the first step in burning fat and sleeping better. Exercise helps boost metabolism, increase energy levels, and strengthen muscles. It would be best if you aimed to incorporate both aerobic and strength-training exercises into your workout routine. Additionally, it’s essential to include some form of interval training as it is one of the most effective methods for burning fat quickly. When selecting an exercise program, ensure it includes exercises targeting all major muscle groups to maximize results. Lastly, keep track of your progress by tracking calorie consumption and physical activity level each day so you can adjust your habits accordingly.\nThe next step is to eat smart for fat loss success. Eating a balanced diet rich in protein, fiber, fruit, vegetables and healthy fats will provide optimal nutrition and help you shed unwanted pounds faster than other diets. In addition, consuming fewer calories than you burn each day will create an energy deficit, leading to more significant weight loss if done consistently over several weeks or months, depending on your starting point and desired outcome goals. Avoid processed foods whenever possible as they tend to be high in sugar, which can slow down the digestive process resulting in lower energy levels throughout the day as well as potential weight gain over time due to increased calorie intake from these sources alone as opposed to healthier whole food options such as natural salads or lean proteins such as chicken breast. Finally, try incorporating intermittent fasting into your daily routine, which allows for controlled periods of eating followed by more extended periods of not eating, where the body often burns more stored fats during these restricted meal windows, providing even more significant results when trying to achieve lasting changes in body composition.\nAnother critical component to successful fat burning and improved sleep quality is stress management strategies such as yoga or meditation practices, which have been shown to help reduce the production of cortisol – a hormone produced by our bodies in response to stressful situations which, if left unchecked, can lead to deeper issues such as anxiety or depression. Alternatively, engaging with friends and family or even taking short walks outdoors can work wonders when we feel overwhelmed, seeking out activities that bring joy and ease back into life while maintaining focus on the health and fitness journey.\nLast but not least, supplement use plays a crucial role in optimizing performance during workouts and supporting healthy lifestyle choices made throughout the week. Here are a few to consider adding to your regimen: caffeine-derived supplements known as stimulants increase alertness, ensuring you stay energized through tough sessions; fish oil capsules help regulate hormones helping maintain a proper balance between testosterone and estrogen, leading to stabilization of blood pressure and cholesterol levels and finally whey protein powder great source of essential amino acids needed to build muscle recover faster after intense workouts.\nAll in all, following these tips should put any individual well on their way toward reaching desired goals burning stubborn belly flab and improving the overall quality of sleep come nightfall! As long as you understand the importance of sticking to a consistent, focused plan, you’ll make strides toward becoming a healthier, happier version of yourself in no time! Is Sculpt Nation legit? Absolutely – check out their website for a fantastic selection of products to hit the mark!", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "- How can a girl gain weight in a week?\n- Which fruits help to gain weight fast?\n- Do eggs help in gaining weight?\n- Can you gain weight in 3 days?\n- How can a skinny girl gain muscle?\n- How can I gain weight in 15 days?\n- What is the best weight gain supplement?\n- How many eggs should I eat a day to increase weight?\n- Does banana make you fat?\n- What happens if you eat 5000 calories in one day?\n- How can I gain weight quickly?\n- Can u gain weight in 2 days?\n- Can a naturally skinny person gain weight?\n- What food makes you fat?\n- How quickly can you gain weight?\n- How did I gain 5 lbs in a day?\n- How can I gain weight in 7 days?\n- Why can’t I gain weight female?\n- How many bananas should I eat a day to gain weight?\n- Does milk make you gain weight?\nHow can a girl gain weight in a week?\nConsumption of energy-rich foods: Make sure to eat, energy-dense foods like nuts including almonds, walnuts, peanuts, dried fruits including raisins or prunes, dark chocolate, high-fat dairy foods like condensed milk, full-fat cream, cheese, milk, veggies like potatoes and yams, etc..\nWhich fruits help to gain weight fast?\nHere are some high-calorie, dried fruits that can help you gain weight.Dates. Dates are the small, cylindrical fruits of the date palm, which grows in tropical areas. … Prunes. Prunes are dried plums that pack a nutritional punch. … Dried apricots. Share on Pinterest. … Dried figs. … Raisins. … Sultanas. … Currants.\nDo eggs help in gaining weight?\nEggs are great to eat to gain healthy weight. Not only are they packed with protein, vitamins, and minerals but they also give you the energy you need to get through the day. They’re versatile, too, so you can make them however you like—scramble, fry, poach, or even make a delicious omelette.\nCan you gain weight in 3 days?\nThe good news is that you can’t just gain 3kg of fat in 3 days. There are plenty of ways that your weight can fluctuate that aren’t to do with your fat mass. Here are a few of the most common causes of sudden weight gain.\nHow can a skinny girl gain muscle?\nAll you’ve got to do is follow these guidelines:When working out, remember:You’ve got to stop resisting resistance training. … Go big and slow when it comes to weight training. … Target a muscle group, but also do full-body workouts. … Your diet is important too. … Up your calorie intake. … Eat right.More items…•\nHow can I gain weight in 15 days?\nGeneral tips for gaining weight safelyEat three to five meals a day. Eating at least three meals a day can make it easier to increase calorie intake. … Weight training. … Eat enough protein. … Eat meals with fibrous carbohydrates and healthful fats. … Drink high-calorie smoothies or shakes. … Seek help where needed.\nWhat is the best weight gain supplement?\nHere are the top 5 mass gainers that boast over 1,000 calories per serving — listed from lowest to highest calories.BSN True Mass 1200. … Optimum Nutrition Serious Mass. … Evlution Nutrition Stacked Protein Gainer. … MusclePharm Combat XL. … Dymatize Super Mass Gainer.\nHow many eggs should I eat a day to increase weight?\nYou can easily eat around three eggs per day to bulk up.\nDoes banana make you fat?\nLet’s just make it clear here itself that bananas in themselves are not fattening. In fact, banana can help in losing weight as they have high fibre content and also have a good number of calories. Even during weight loss, your body needs a certain number of calories which should not come from unhealthy foods.\nWhat happens if you eat 5000 calories in one day?\nDepending on the number of calories needed for weight maintenance, a person would have to down a total of 5,000 to 7,000 calories in a day to gain any weight at all, and it’s not likely to be even close to a pound.\nHow can I gain weight quickly?\nHere are some healthy ways to gain weight when you’re underweight:Eat more frequently. When you’re underweight, you may feel full faster. … Choose nutrient-rich foods. … Try smoothies and shakes. … Watch when you drink. … Make every bite count. … Top it off. … Have an occasional treat. … Exercise.\nCan u gain weight in 2 days?\nYou did it once, right? The truth is that one day is never enough to make you gain weight. It takes multiple days of excess calories to increase your body fat to the point of gaining a pound. That is the same reason why you cannot drop a pound every single day.\nCan a naturally skinny person gain weight?\nSince you are naturally skinny with genes that make it hard to gain any weight, you have likely been working on gaining some size for years by eating more food than everyone around you.\nWhat food makes you fat?\nPeople overeat and gain weight for many reasons. One major cause is eating too many calories. That being said, certain foods are more problematic than others, including processed foods high in added fat, sugar, and salt.\nHow quickly can you gain weight?\nAn individual eating an extra 700-1000 calories per day will gain weight faster. A pound of fat is equal to about 3,500 calories, so if you consumer 3,500 more calories each week than your recommended calories intake, you’ll most likely gain a pound of fat.\nHow did I gain 5 lbs in a day?\nDaily weight fluctuation is normal. The average adult’s weight fluctuates up to 5 or 6 pounds per day. It all comes down to what and when you eat, drink, exercise, and even sleep.\nHow can I gain weight in 7 days?\nHere are 10 more tips to gain weight:Don’t drink water before meals. This can fill your stomach and make it harder to get in enough calories.Eat more often. … Drink milk. … Try weight gainer shakes. … Use bigger plates. … Add cream to your coffee. … Take creatine. … Get quality sleep.More items…•\nWhy can’t I gain weight female?\nIf a person is underweight, their body may not be getting the nutrients it needs to build healthy bones, skin, and hair. While some people may have a genetic background or a medical illness that prevents them from putting on weight, there are interventions doctors can recommend to help a person gain weight.\nHow many bananas should I eat a day to gain weight?\nToo much of any single food may contribute to weight gain and nutrient deficiencies. One to two bananas per day is considered a moderate intake for most healthy people. Be sure to eat this fruit as part of a balanced diet that provides all the nutrients your body needs.\nDoes milk make you gain weight?\nThe creation of low fat and no fat dairy products has further added to the belief that dairy foods are fattening. But research shows that having enough milk, yoghurt and cheese every day, as part of a healthy diet, is not linked to weight gain.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This is gold mine of flavor and nutrition! Bone marrow is a nutrient-rich tissue found in the hollow center of bones.\nIt’s packed with fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins that support good health. In addition, bone marrow has an amazingly rich, buttery taste that makes it a delicious ingredient in many dishes.\nRoasted bone marrow is a classic dish that has been enjoyed for centuries. With the help of an air fryer, you can now make bone marrow in a fraction of the time and with much less mess.\nWhat bones shall I use?\nThe best bones to use are those that have a large, hollow center such as beef or veal shank or thigh. Chicken bones can also be used but they will cook much faster.\n– Bone marrow\n– Salt, to taste\n– Favorite herbs or spices (optional)\n1. Preheat the air fryer at 400°F for 5 minutes.\n2. Place the bone marrow into the basket of your air fryer, spreading them out evenly.\n3. Sprinkle the bone marrow with salt and pepper, to taste.\n4. Add any desired herbs or spices for extra flavor (optional).\n5. Set the timer for 15-18 minutes and allow the bone marrow to cook in the air fryer.\n6. Once finished, remove from the basket and enjoy!\n– If you want extra flavor, add a few herbs or spices of your choice.\n– Keep an eye on the bone marrow while it cooks and shake the basket every 2 minutes for even cooking.\n– Serve bone marrow immediately after cooking for best results.\n– For a spicier variation, add some chili powder to the bone marrow cubes before cooking.\n– If you don’t have any bone marrow on hand, you can substitute beef short ribs instead. They will need to be cooked for longer than 10 minutes in the air fryer.\nQ: How do I know when my bone marrow is done cooking?\nA: You’ll know it’s done when the edges turn golden brown and crispy. You can also use a meat thermometer to check for an internal temperature of 165°F.\nQ: Can I freeze leftovers?\nA: Yes, you can! Let your cooked bone marrow cool before transferring it to an airtight container and storing in the freezer for up to three months. When ready to enjoy, thaw in the refrigerator overnight before reheating in the air fryer or microwave.\nQ: Is bone marrow healthy?\nA: Yes, bone marrow is a great source of essential vitamins and minerals like iron, zinc, and vitamin A. It is also a good source of healthy fats and protein. Enjoy in moderation for best results!\nQ: What can I do if my bone marrow isn’t cooking evenly?\nA: If your bone marrow isn’t cooking evenly, you may need to shake the basket every 2 minutes during cooking. This will help ensure that all pieces are cooked through evenly. You can also reduce the temperature of your air fryer slightly and increase the cook time as needed. If nothing works, try moving some of the larger pieces around in the basket for more even cooking. Hope this helps!\nQ: Can I use other types of bone for this recipe?\nA: Yes, you can definitely use other types of bone to make this dish. However, the cooking time may vary depending on the size and thickness of the pieces. We recommend checking on them every 2-3 minutes to ensure they don’t overcook or burn. Enjoy!\nQ: What other ingredients can I add to this recipe?\nA: Feel free to get creative and add whatever ingredients you like! Some great options would be garlic or onion powder, paprika, cayenne pepper, or your favorite herbs and spices. You can also make a quick sauce with some olive oil, balsamic vinegar, and honey for extra flavor. Have fun experimenting!\nSo there you have it, everything you need to know about making bone marrow in an air fryer! With this recipe, you can enjoy delicious finger-licking good bone marrow with just a few simple steps. Enjoy!\nThat’s it for the air fryer bone marrow recipe! Thanks for reading and happy cooking!\nWant something to try this with? How about my bone marrow butter:\nHappy Eating! 🙂\nAir Fryer Bone Marrow\n- 2-3 Bone marrow bones\n- 1 tsp Salt, to taste\n- Favorite herbs or spices (optional)\n- Preheat the air fryer at 400°F for 5 minutes.\n- Place the bone marrow cubes into the basket of your air fryer, spreading them out evenly.\n- Sprinkle the bone marrow cubes with salt and pepper, to taste.\n- Add any desired herbs or spices for extra flavor (optional).\n- Set the timer for 15-18 minutes and allow the bone marrow to cook in the air fryer.\n- Once finished, remove from the basket and enjoy!", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "Glacial Revitalizing Mist\nA spritz of hydration.\nThis refreshing mist fortifies your skin with hyaluronic acid for hydration, Vitamin C for radiance and seaweed for skin health. Your skin will feel beautiful and fresh. Use throughout the day to keep that healthy glow going.\nGood to know: Local pick up only for now.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Red grape & rosemary\nREVITALIZATION | BALANCING\nThanks to its antiseptic and exfoliating ingredients it is effective against existing dandruff, while, scalp’s health improvement prevents its further development. Reduces itchiness, moisturizes the skin and leaves hair look healthy and shiny. SLES, SLS and SULFATES free.\nRed grape*: Tonic, strengthening\nRosemary*: Tonic, antiseptic\nWheat protein: Hydrating, emollient\nNettle*: Astringent, sebum secretion regulating\nOlive oil*: Antioxidant, emollient\nWillow bark: Exfoliating, astringent\nClimbazole: Anti-dandruff, antimicrobial\nProvitamin B5 (panthenol): Emollient, reconstructive\nSLES & SLS FREE\n93% INGREDIENTS OF NATURAL ORIGIN\nMINERAL OIL, VASELINE, PROPYLENE GLYCOL AND PARABENS FREE\nUSE: Apply to wet hair and massage gently with its foam. Wait 2-3 minutes, rinse and shampoo again. After the last hair wash rinse thoroughly.\n200 ml/6.76 fl oz", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Foot Scrub Spa Salt 1,000 ml.\nFoot Scrub Spa Salt 1000ml\nAvailable on backorder\nFoot Scrub Spa Salt 1,000 ml. With 44 Scents for Massage and Spa\nThe Spa Salt Scrub 1,000 g. for foot scrub cleaning.\nThe salt texture Stimulate blood circulation of the skin in vitamins to nourish the skin. Helps to make the skin white, pink, glowing, moist, smooth, soft like baby skin.\nThe aroma of herbs Helps to relieve stress. Give you a better mood felt immediately the serenity Light, comfortable after scrubbing. The salt tablets are especially fine, does not irritate and cut the skin, enhances efficiency Exfoliating dead skin cells to come off. Spa salt also stimulates the work of the lymph nodes to work more. And stimulate blood circulation Makes the skin look healthy, bright and lively. If using spa salt to scrub while entering the body, will increase the efficiency of skin care for better results.\nWe have 44 aroma therapy scents to be your choices as below;\n03 Lemon with Lavender\n09 Bread Flower\n10 Wild Water Plum\n17 Paper Mint\n29 Green tea\n33 Night Jasmine\n36 Rice Milk\n37 Cassumunar Ginger\n40 Butterfly Bush\n41 Indian Cork\n43 Jasmine Rice\nHow to use it?\n- Sit on the edge of a tub and moisten the area you wish to scrub.\n- Place a tablespoon or so of the foot scrub in the palm and gently work on foot and leg skin each area for approximately 1-3 minutes. If you work too quickly you won’t properly exfoliate.\n- Be sure not to scour too hard or too long.\n- Gently rinse the area with warm water. Don’t use soap or shower gel to remove it.\n- If you want baby-smooth skin, exfoliate once weekly.\n- The foot and body scrubs should never be used on the face.\nBenefits of Spa Salt:\n- Skin Glow\n- Increasing Blood Flow\n- Improve Cellulite and Aging\n|Dimensions||10 × 7 × 16 cm|\nBread Flower, Champak, Jasmine, Lavender, Lemon with Lavender, Plumeria, Rose, Sakura, Tulip, Wild Water Plum\nThere are no reviews yet.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "There exists an undeniable aspiration— an aspiration that transcends borders and cultures. It is the aspiration for women in developing countries to not merely survive but to thrive, to not merely exist but to excel, and to not merely follow but to lead. To realize this aspiration, it is imperative to discern, with precision and empathy, the needs that resonate most profoundly with these women.\nFor a truly equal world, it is imperative to address the unique challenges faced by women in developing countries. These challenges, often shaped by economic, social, and cultural factors, significantly impact their well-being and hinder their full participation in society. To create effective policies and initiatives, it is essential to understand what women in developing countries need the most. Below are the three most important needs of the women which in turn have the capacity to break other gender disparities.\nAccess to Quality Healthcare\nAccess to healthcare services remains a critical need for women in developing countries. In many regions, women face higher maternal mortality rates and limited access to reproductive healthcare. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 2020 had Maternal mortality (per 100,000 live births) of 103 in India with most of these deaths occurring in low-resource settings.\nMaternal mortality represents a devastating human tragedy. Every maternal death not only signifies the loss of a mother but also has a profound impact on families and communities, leaving children without maternal care and guidance. High maternal mortality is an indicator of the overall health and effectiveness of a healthcare system. It often suggests weaknesses in healthcare infrastructure, emergency obstetric care, and health workforce capacity.\nEnsuring universal access to quality maternal healthcare services is paramount. This includes prenatal care, skilled birth attendance, and access to emergency obstetric care. Investment in healthcare infrastructure and facilities is crucial.\nEmpowering women with the knowledge and access to family planning methods can help reduce unintended pregnancies and the associated risks. Family planning allows women to time and space pregnancies, reducing maternal mortality.\nEducation is a fundamental right and a powerful tool for women empowerment. In many developing countries, girls still face barriers to accessing quality education. The latest data from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics reveals that approximately 250 million children and youth remain deprived of educational opportunities. Among them, 122 million are girls. Furthermore, women continue to comprise a staggering two-thirds of the 763 million adults who lack fundamental literacy skills.\nEducation plays a crucial role in improving the health and well-being of girls and women. Educated women are more likely to make informed health choices, have healthier families, and access quality healthcare services.\nGirls who receive an education tend to marry later and have fewer children. Delayed marriage and childbirth contribute to better maternal and child health outcomes and break the cycle of intergenerational poverty.\nIncreasing education opportunities for girls and women in India is not only a matter of social justice but also an investment in the development of the nation. It has the potential to bring about positive transformations in multiple areas, from economic growth to health and social equity, ultimately leading to a more inclusive and prosperous society.\nEconomic independence is crucial for women empowerment. In developing countries, women often face limited opportunities for formal employment and income generation. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), the global gender pay gap stands at 20%, with women disproportionately represented in vulnerable employment.\nAccording to the Global Wage Report 2022-23, 2018/19 report estimations showcased a global average gender pay gap of approximately 20 percent, drawing from data sourced from 80 countries. In the subsequent edition, which focuses on a more select group of nations, the evolution of gender pay gaps was examined, revealing minimal change between 2019 and 2021–22.\nConsidering that the gender pay gap remains persistently high across various countries and regions, it is evident that intensified efforts are imperative to combat gender inequalities within the labor market.\nEconomic empowerment enables women to access better healthcare, education, and nutrition for themselves and their families. It contributes to an improved quality of life for women and their dependents. Empowered women serve as role models for future generations, inspiring girls and young women to strive for their own economic empowerment and leadership.\nAddressing the needs of women in developing countries requires a comprehensive and multi-dimensional approach. Data from reputable sources highlight the challenges women face in accessing healthcare, education, economic opportunities, and their right to live free from violence and discrimination. Empowering women in these regions not only enhances their well-being but also contributes to sustainable development and global gender equality efforts.\nIt is imperative for governments, NGOs, and international organizations to collaborate in crafting policies and initiatives like Smile Foundation’s Swabhiman that address these critical needs and uplift women in developing countries like India.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "₹2,000 – ₹4,000\nKeto is a low carb, high fat, and moderate protein diet. Keto meals are effective for weight loss. The ratio maintained in our keto meals are carb:pro:fat = 5:35:60.\nThis package offers 5 meals per month, Choose a week of your choice (Monday-Friday) with an option to choose lunch, dinner or both.\n*We deliver only in Hyderabad.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Laikou Snail Essence Face Cream – 50g\n- Containing snail extracts.\n- It can deeply repair the skin\n- Effectively condition and sooth damaged skin\n- Repair and nourish damaged skin\n- Brand: LAIKOU\n- Net weight: 50g\n- Origin: China\n- Shelf life: 3 years\n- Storage: Keep it in the cool place\n- Ingredients: Sodium hyaluronate, Alpha-arbutin, Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea butter)\nContaining snail extracts. It can deeply repair the skin, effectively condition and sooth damaged skin (including sensitive skin) and acne-prone skin, repair and nourish damaged skin, repair skin cells and enhance the skin’s self-repair ability, thus restoring the skin to a healthy state.\n- STEP 1:Take a pea-size amount, dot the cream cover your face and neck with your fingertips.\n- STEP 2:Pat it in gently by your fingers to ensure absorption.\nPackage Includes: 1x 50g Snail Face Cream", "label": "No"}
{"text": "There is no question that taking a hair medicine examination sucks. Hair medication examination has actually risen in popularity; the good news is, there are a number of ways in which you can pass the test. A few of the typically recognized techniques are cutting your hair, loophole screening, as well as detox hair shampoo. For most people, cutting their hair is never their initial concern. Detox hair shampoo is considered the most effective and extremely effective approach.\nWith that said, in this post, we will be going over just how to assure to pass a hair drug test with a detoxification hair shampoo. Given that there are different kinds of detox hair shampoos readily available in today’s market, picking one that will certainly finest fit your needs can be reasonably tough. As a result, we shall be taking yours via the most effective detox shampoo that will guarantee you a pass throughout a hair medicine test.\nOld Style Aloe Toxic Substance Rid Shampoo\nIf you are looking for the most effective detoxification hair shampoos that will guarantee you a pass in a hair drug test, then you need to consider this item. This is the most effective choice as well as most trustworthy detox shampoo offered in the marketplace. The Old Style Aloe Toxin Rid Shampoo features various impacts that will certainly assist you pass any type of hair drug examination. It would certainly be best if you considered using this hair shampoo in addition to an Ultra clean hair shampoo every day prior to going for the hair drug examination. When made use of frequently, you will certainly have the ability to remove all toxic substances with the utmost simplicity.\nFor an excellent outcome, you need to think about utilizing this detox hair shampoo each day, approximately 3 to 10 days previously. If you lack such a quantity of time, you must take into consideration taking several showers a day as required. In every wash, you ought to allow it continue to be on your hair for concerning 10 to 15 minutes. It is best that you use this certain shampoo a minimum of 15 times before the test to achieve the most effective result.\nThe best means to use this specific detox shampoo is by initial cleaning your hair using regular hair shampoo and after that utilize the old design aloe detoxification hair shampoo, soak it for a while, and afterwards wash it. Once that is done, you will certainly go ahead and also utilize normal hair conditioner. It is extremely advised that you make use of Ultra Clean along with Aloe detox hair shampoo.\nHair verifies reveal hair medication testing\nPrior to taking the real test, it is ideal that you try as well as carry out a DIY hair drug examination. To evaluate on your own if you will pass before taking on the actual test, you ought to think about using this particular hair drug screening package. With the hair verify share hair drug testing, you will be able to test a number of immoral drugs.\nThe most effective part of using this package is that it provides private and also confidential screening process. The entire procedure is private and anonymous since no individual information is called for, and every sampling is outfitted with an unique ID number.\nThe entire process is exact and also very reliable. You will certainly be able to get your result within a brief duration of around 2 to 3 company days. The outcome shows an in-depth evaluation of your drug history; it provides either a positive or unfavorable medication result for each hair class. The hair validate share hair medicine includes an approved lab by CLIA (Professional Lab Improvement Changes).\nMoreover, the set is reasonably easy to use and also extremely practical. It comes outfitted with an understandable as well as adhere to instructions. You will take your hair sample in the house prior to sending it to the laboratory making use of a pre-paid plan that is attended to you. This is the only hair medication test readily available in today’s market that provides a thorough evaluation of a medication history record.\nJust how to do a hair medication test and also pass it\nIn many cases, hair roots drug examination is taken into consideration the most relied on approach for drug screening; hence, it is frequently made use of by law enforcement authorities and organizations. The process is extremely precise, as well as it provides a drug result background of up to 90 days, as well as it is thought about very delicate compared to saliva and also urinalysis.\nThe Hair validate drug screening set is the first of its kind, and also it aids in screening multi-drugs. It is created for parents in addition to people use to use an extensive medicine result background of up to 90 days. The entire process involves a fairly simple to comply with home testing treatment. The hair example is taken with utmost convenience and also mailed to the research laboratory with the use of a pre-paid shipping bag.\nYou might be asking yourself just how does the hair medicine examination work; well, you will utilize a detailed direction as the guide and afterwards gather your hair sample of regarding 90 to 120 hairs. Once this is done, you will certainly go on and also send by mail the sample to the Hair verify with a sampling ID number, email address, and passcode. You will certainly have to sign up the test once the examples are sent by mail to a lab. To acquire the outcome, you will need to go to the outcome section.\nUsually, you will receive the result within a short duration. The Hair validate is taken into consideration to supply the fastest hair tasting outcome. You will certainly get your cause the following 2 to 3 business days after the samples are received busy.\nPassing A Hair Follicle Medicine Test With Detoxification Shampoo\nIf you have actually made use of any type of medicine before completion of 90 days and also would like to pass a hair medication test for meeting, job, army, or sporting activity, after that you should think about making use of a detoxification shampoo. The Old Style Aloe Toxic substance Rid Shampoo talked about in this post is stated to be extremely effective when it concerns cleaning your hair from any toxins.\nWhen utilized effectively, you will certainly have the ability to pass any kind of medicine test. To verify this, you need to take into consideration utilizing the hair confirm hair drug screening set, and you will have the ability to receive the result within a period of 2 to 3 company days. As we wrap up, we really hope that you locate this write-up useful as you clean your hair from all medication traces.\nThose that see hair medicine screening as an unneeded danger for a range of reasons to seek to different methods to navigate it. The popularity of the many alternate ways to pass a hair medicine test prompted a massive growth of a brand-new market field that assists in the process of navigating it.\nThe number of firms offering these sorts of solutions continues to grow. These business offer their clients a selection of methods to make certain that they can pass the hair examination.\nAmong the primary techniques offered by these business is called a Hair Transplanting Technique. This technique involves making use of the scalp of an or else healthy person to try to conceal any type of positive arise from the medication test. This is a more invasive procedure than a lot of various other different hair testing approaches, yet it functions to overcome the major hurdle that many people encounter when it pertains to attempting to deal with the trouble of how to pass a hair drug examination.\nAmong the various other treatments made use of by these firms involves taking examples from the hair of an individual. This process, though not as invasive as the transplant technique, does still require some level of involvement from the person concerned in order to assist the testing agency with the process.\nOne of the other procedures used by these firms involves making use of Hair transplantation, which are normally very popular amongst those looking to make sure parts of their bodies show up to have been surgically changed. This is a more severe method to try to get around the issue of just how to pass a hair medication test, but lots of people find that they have nothing else alternative to doing so.\nMany people additionally have the suggestion in mind that they can pass a hair medication test via some sort of deceptiveness. It is essential to note that this isn’t a sensible approach for navigating the whole procedure, because a hair drug test can detect any kind of sort of deception, despite just how small.\nThere are also other things that can be done to guarantee that the results of a hair medication examination don’t come back positive. One of them is a detox program.\nThis type of program is generally based around a combination of natural herbs and various other natural substances such as Vitamin C, and also magnesium. These items work to cleanse the body of the chemicals that can be discovered in the body, as well as make sure that any positive results for medicines or other materials aren’t present in the hair.\nMost detoxing programs function to be as all-natural as feasible, due to the fact that this is the most effective way to keep from having any negative side-effects that can take place when using some of these substances. Of course, some of these programs are based upon a couple of easy adjustments in the diet regimen.\nA few of these diet regimens allow for the intake of more protein than others, and also others consist of some form of high levels of caffeine, so regarding avoid generating anymore of these chemicals in the system with the body. The primary reason for this is so that the individual will certainly be less most likely to be able to create any type of favorable responses in the body if any kind of drugs or materials exist in it.\nThe same theory is true for the intake of substances that could make a positive reaction in the body. A diet regimen such as this ought to be used to try to prevent any kind of such reaction from the body.\nOne more point that can be done to make certain that a drug or substance is completely gotten rid of from the system after a test has been administered is via using hair transplants. In these sorts of programs, the hair of the individual who is thought of having a drug or compound in their system is collected from various other parts of their body.\nAfter this is gathered, the hair is then implanted right into the location where the believed medicine has actually been used. In this manner, if anything from the person’s body is present, it will be gone for great when the medicine or substance is removed from their system via the blood.\nIf you are mosting likely to be taking a drug examination, like a pee medication examination, the last thing you intend to do is lie. The medication test will check for one or more sorts of marijuana. So the last point you intend to do is exist concerning marijuana usage since you do not wish to have to take a higher degree of examination.\nDetoxify THC From Hair\nTHC hair drug tests are used for various factors. A DRUNK DRIVING situation, for instance, will require a pee medication test. An employer may would like to know if you smoke cannabis. You may likewise be searching for a work test if you are undergoing a medicine rehab program. For any one of these factors, THC hair testing can be a valuable tool.\nThere are lots of elements that influence the accuracy of hair medicine examinations. The amount of time that the medicine has actually remained in your system, the potency as well as strength of the medication, and the length of time it remains in your system after your last use of it will all affect the results. The quantity of time that cannabis stays in your system is directly pertaining to the quantity of time that it considers the medication to leave your system. So if you smoke pot a whole lot, the THC hair examination will certainly reveal this much THC in your system, which is mosting likely to raise some red flags.\nAnother thing that influences the accuracy of THC hair medication examinations is whether you smoke with various other medicines in your system. That is to state, when you smoke cannabis, the weed may stay in your system much longer, yet it might not stay in as long as the cocaine or the heroin, which suggests that the medication examination will certainly not notice the fact that you smoked cannabis. As well as the very same goes if you smoke various other sorts of medications, like meth or even the amphetamines.\nNaturally, there are numerous various other points that affect the accuracy of THC hair medicine examinations. So, if you are mosting likely to be taking among these tests, you intend to make sure that you are aware of what variables can impact the accuracy of the test. For example, if you smoke marijuana regularly, your examination will certainly show that. Yet if you only smoke cannabis one or two times a month, the test won’t grab anything about the truth that you smoke marijuana, so it won’t truly tell you anything.\nA blood test may be much easier to exist around, because it doesn’t look at the truth that you smoked marijuana to begin with, and also the quantity of cannabis you smoked doesn’t change. If you are smoking cannabis every day as well as you are going to be evaluated, you are much better off taking a pee or saliva test.\nAn accurate THC Hair Medication examination will certainly tell you the exact quantity of cannabis that is present in your blood, because the amount of the drug in your blood is directly related to the amount in your pee. The even more marijuana that exists, the more THC exists. Therefore, if you smoke marijuana, the higher the opportunities are that you have a high.\nThe very best way to protect yourself from having to take a THC Hair Drug test is to quit smoking cannabis completely if you are mosting likely to be examined. And, if you are intending on taking an urine medicine examination, you must give up before you get a test, due to the fact that cigarette smoking cannabis might trigger the examination to be imprecise. If you smoke marijuana in the future, you must begin by stopping for a couple days. But, if you already have a DRUNK DRIVING case in hand, you might be in an even worse placement than you would have been if you had actually stopped.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Taking care of your hair with shampoo and conditioner may not be enough for you to get hair that is really beautiful and healthy. If you really desire to get the healthy, fresh, and shiny hair, you can consider your food. In short, do not emphasize on outer treatment only, but also emphasize on inside treatment through nutritious foods.\nBeans are regarded a useful foods to give nutrients for hair and speed up the normal growth. According to the research, beans are rich in iron, protein, zinc and biotin. These nutrients are all the nutrients required by your hair to keep its growth. The specialists of American Dietetic Association advise people to eat three to four cups of hyacinth beans every week.\nKiwi fruit is the king among fruits because it holds many different kinds of nutrients such as vitamin C, carotene, amino etc. It can not only fight against oxidation, radiation, free radicals as well as aging. In addition, it also holds a large amount of ALA acid which can maintain the moisture of hair and stop hair from being too dry.\nSpinach, Swiss chard and broccoli are important resources of vitamin A and C. Your body requires them to produce sebum, a type of oil that is produced by hair follicle to be natural conditioner for your hair.\nSalmon and mackerel are loaded with healthy omega 3’s, iron and vitamin B-12. These fatty acids will aid your hair grow faster and become healthier. They also help make your skin and scalp healthier as well by deep hydrating. If you don’t like fish 6 tea-spoons of ground flaxseed mixed in with your food will do the trick.\nNuts are the really important sources of fatty acid, selenium, zinc, and so on. Selenium is a significant mineral substance to keep your scalp healthy, and zinc can efficiently help you prevent hair loss. So, nuts are the main components of a healthy diet. You can regularly eat walnuts, cashews and almonds to protect your hair.\nApple holds a large amount of nutrition that hair and skin need, among which the malice acid can prevent skin and hair from becoming dry and vitamin C, has a whitening effect on skin. Besides, the pectin inside it can keep the moisture of hair and skin.\nMilk is an important source of calcium and as a major member of mineral substances; calcium can efficiently improve the growth of hair.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "3 Fat Chicks on a Diet Weight Loss Community\nHMR Diet Foods - HMR, Health Management Resources\nMedifast and HMR programs We have two rapid weight loss programs, Medifast and HMR (Health Management Resources).\nJoin HMR at Home Diet Program - IHMonline\n# Ssm Weight Loss Hmr Diet - Weight Loss Supplement\nWith Medifast Meal replacements you can lose weight fast and learn to keep it off.\nBuy Nutrisystem Jumpstart Your Weight Loss 5 Day Weight Loss Kit on Amazon.com FREE SHIPPING on qualified orders.Health.nutrisystem vs healthy choice nutrisystem vs hmr diet nutrisystem vs hmr nutrisystem vs herbalife nutrisystem and high blood.Nutrisystem. vs Medifast. it.Pros and Cons of Jenny Craig. some dieters feel that Nutrisystem food is more convenient.All are high in protein and fully fortified with vitamins and.With Nutrisystem, you choose foods you want to eat from a menu, and the food is delivered to your door.Have you thought about trying Nutrisystem but are still undecided.While both programs have the same goal, their plans to help you lose the weight are different.\nNutrisystem vs healthy choice : Meal replacement shakeThe Meals During the weight-loss phase of the program, both Optifast and Medifast use meal replacement foods to help you reduce caloric intake to 450 to 800 calories a day.\nNutrisystem Lasagna With Meat Sauce In The Oven. Workers DAR ethiopia twelve services future can headaches weaning solid fresh box nutrisystem vs hmr food just.\nJeff Smith Weight Loss Success with HMR and Floyd Memorial Weight Management Center.\nNutrisystem Diet Review (UPDATED 2017): Does it Really Work?Get the skinny on Jenny Craig pros and cons including food,.See how each program stacks up, and compare the cost of losing weight with Jenny Craig vs.\nYou can add, review, and respond to topics related to food, recipes, healthy eating, and nutrition.Nutrisystem is a diet plan that consists of planned meals, as.Nashua Nutrition specializes in high quality weight loss and bariatric products used by physicians and weight loss centers at discount prices. Nutrisystem, HMR,.\nWhat is the Difference Between Smart Ones and Nutrisystem\nBoth Optifast and Medifast are low-calorie diets that help you lose weight quickly with meal replacement supplements.They both have been successful in helping their customers to achieve.Medifast is a clinically proven safe and healthy weight-loss program.Get reviews of the Jenny Craig and Nutrisystem diet plans, including a taste test from the unbiased experts at Consumer Reports Health.Nutrisystem core plan.Different people different lunch oversee expense change email back black beans 1 nutrisystem select vs core. nutrisystem vs hmr. can you.Nutrisystem is more than a diet plan, our program is designed to help you lose weight fast and improve your health.Nutrisystem and The South Beach Diet are both excellent diet choices, but is one better than the other.First: Doctors on healthtap are asked not to endorse particular products or product lines.\nYour name (required)\nYour email address (required)\nTo confirm you are not a robot please enter this code:", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Hong Kong-based members can also get a free upgrade upon signing a 12-month “Hong Kong All Locations Pure Yoga & Pure Fitness” package that will enable them to access all of the company’s gyms in Hong Kong along with those in Beijing, Shanghai, Singapore and Taipei. Existing Pure members that are also enrolled in Marco Polo Club can get this upgrade offer as well if they re-sign a 12-month package.\nBody sculpting is used to tone down your body features and during the process you lose some weight as well. However, it is not an alternative to exercising and dieting. Massive amount of weight cannot be lost due to a body sculpting procedure. In fact, every patient who comes in for body sculpting procedure has to consult an expert who determines if the procedure is a perfect fit for the body type, and weight of the person. BMI (Body Mass Index) is the standardized measurement that is used to determine if the patient qualifies for the treatment or not.\nMost of my issues with this gym are with the people who visit and not so much the facilities itself. The gym itself is great. As a person that isn't overly into my fitness the price is great. The layout of the gym makes it easy to navigate, there is a bit of running between stairs to get to equipment, but most of what I would use is on the same floor. The classes are easy to book with the app and are plentiful.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Swedish massage uses a combination of different strokes specifically designed to increase blood and lymphatic flow, which helps to promote a sense of well-being, relaxation and can improve muscle tone and skin texture. We will adapt the massage pressure and technique to suit your preference and needs. So close your eyes and allow yourself to feel indulged.\nStimulate your senses to boost your body and motivate your mind. Using essential oils from plants, flowers, seeds and leaves. Aromatherapy massage benefits from two absorption points; the skin and the nose, giving double the effect! This deeply relaxing massage is a sure fire way to help relax and unwind at the end of a long and tiring day.\nRevitalizing Back Facial Treatment\nThis wonderful alternative back treatment is a interesting change to the typical Swedish most people are use to. Think Facial but for the back. Designed to rejuvenate and revitalize your back region. Special to Raw Beauty.\nIndian Head Massage\nIndian head massage is a technique of manipulating soft tissues in the shoulders and scalp. The therapist uses a range of different massage pressures and rhythms to stimulate the head and neck area.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Continue by adding or changing your skin concern.\nReduces pigment spots for an even and brighter skin\nSun exposure, hormonal changes, skin inflammation and acne scarring can all lead to hyperpigmentation. Our Eucerin EVEN BRIGHTER range is clinically proven to reduce the appearance of dark spots to give you visibly brighter skin tone over 12 weeks. And with regular use, your results get even better.\nApply Eucerin Volume-Filler Night Care in firm upwards strokes to stimulate the underlying facial muscles and improve microcirculation while you sleep.\nEat a healthy diet and drink plenty of water in order to maintain the production of collagen.\nGet sufficient sleep to allow the skin to regenerate.\nMoisturise your skin regularly in order to prevent dryness and to maintain the skin renewal process.\nSunscreen should be worn daily as the sun causes the most wrinkle-related skin damage.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Environmental Working Group reported that the average newborn baby has 287 known toxins in his or her umbilical cord blood. If a newborn has that many toxins, imagine how many you’ve been exposed to in your lifetime. It’s estimated that women absorb up to 5 pounds a year of harmful chemicals thanks to beauty, hygiene and household products.\nThis workshop provides natural solutions to nourish your body and decrease your toxic load. You’ll learn healthy improvements you can make on a daily basis with what you put in your body and what you put on your body, as well as lifestyle changes for a healthier living environment.\nWhat To Expect\n- Begin with a brief Barre class to get moving\n- Expert advice, tips and tricks\n- Savor small bites and beverages\n- Win great prizes!\nGet your blood flowing and boost your lymphatic system with this energizing all levels Barre class.\nNatural Inner Beauty Tips\nIt’s no secret that beauty comes from within. But from within the refrigerator? You bet! Say sayonara to stubborn body fat, wrinkles, dry skin and more with this delicious talk that includes small bites and herbal teas to sooth your soul. You’ll learn exactly what foods to include to nourish your body from the inside out and you’ll receive a delicious sample menu.\nPamper Yourself Pretty\nGet pampered from head to toe with everything from foot scrubs to facials. You’ll learn quick remedies and easy, edible DIY recipes for common beauty problems. In addition, Whole Foods Market will be providing all-natural make-overs.\nAriel Johnson, Instructor of Barre, Yoga and Group Fitness\nA certified personal trainer and group exercise instructor, Ariel teaches a variety of popular classes throughout Monterey. Her unique barre classes draw on her extensive education and experience to provide a thoughtful, engaging, and challenging practice for all levels.\nAshley Dahlem, Licensed Esthetician and Massage Therapist\nAshley has been an established massage therapist and esthetician for 15 years. She helps clients learn how to take care of their skin, while also helping them understand the importance of overall health and wellness.\nCate Ritter, Certified Nutritionist and Kitchen Coach\nCate’s goal is to make healthy eating delicious and doable. If you enjoy food and it fits into your busy schedule, then it will naturally become part of your lifestyle and will be effortless to sustain.\nEvent sponsored by Whole Foods Market Monterey, Central Coast Juicery, Zevia, and Tanka Bar.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "apple cider vinegar and baking soda for cellulite how to rid of cellulite on bum\nBen Hugo is an expert provider of Cellulaze, the only cellulite treatment that attacks how to lose cellulite on thighs and bum fast the structural problems beneath the skin that cause cellulite. This South Bay day spa and wellness centers offers clientele a unique approach to combat cellulite: LipoLite Body Contouring. This cellulite removal massage technique is good for hip areas that are fleshy as well as thighs. It is very risky; there are plenty of safer ways to get rid of cellulite You apple cider vinegar and baking soda for cellulite should get surgery only if you have seen no improvement from everything else you have tried. The most important part in getting rid of cellulite is exercise and proper nutrition. Gradually the dimpled lumpy Orange-Peel appearance of the skin known as cellulite becomes more pronounced on the buttocks, hips, thighs and abdomen. After completing her treatment at our You By Sia Burwood Clinic , she found that the treatment had smoothed the skin, lifted the belly button and strengthened how to get rid of cellulite rash on top of thighs the apple cider vinegar and baking soda for cellulite skin across the whole tummy area.\nTogether with a UV Lamp, they comprise the breakthrough in resilient color that remains flawless up to two weeks, dries instantly and removes in 10 minutes:\n- To use the cellulite cream, apply to desired areas with an upward circular motion twice daily, once in the morning how to lose cellulite on thighs and bum fast and once before bed;\n- The company knows each part of your body needs specialized and individualized treatment and that is what they created with these three products in particular;\n- During your Synergie AMS treatment series, we urge you to drink adequate water - approximately 2 to 3 liters per day;\n- And because the cellulite in men is mostly stored in the abdomen, this is a pretty normal thing and a common picture we see every day;\nHalfway through your shower, turn off the water and grab a generous amount of the coffee ground mixture. Bellabaci massage is a modified and simplified version of the wonderful ancient cupping therapy.\nYou will feel younger with tighter, more attractive skin and firmer body contours.\nVarious squats with weights and without recognized as the most safe and effective in carrying out an exercise to combat the invasion of squats help of cellulite, if done regularly, the right technique and do not be lazy to combine load procedures to eliminate cellulite deposits.\nThough it is used for many other purposes, but basically it works well on cellulite reduction and prevention.\napple cider vinegar and baking soda for cellulite resembling cellulite 6 letters\nCellulite isn't harmful however many women would like to get rid of it because of the way it looks. However, cellulite can also be present in thin people, because everyone has layers of fat beneath the skin surface. Squats and weighted lunges are two great exercises that you can use to start building muscle in your legs. Cayenne pepper and ginger root are great for improving circulation and boosting the metabolism, leading to improved blood flow and reducing the appearance of cellulite. Stand with your legs at shoulder-width and slightly bent knees, then bend at your best foods for fighting cellulite without changing the angle of your knees and lower your torso until it's parallel to the floor. Hence, some foods are not recommended if you plan to reduce or remove unwanted cellulite on your skin. To help you pick the right one, we've personally compiled a ranking of the best cellulite creams currently available. Yes, one of the primary concerns that VelaShape has been designed for is cellulite. Texture: The skin appears to be compact and may be painful or sensitive to the touch. Jumping back into the skin moisturizing game, let's talk about Nivea Soft Moisturizing Cream Not to be mistaken with Nivea Creme, Nivea Soft Moisturizing Cream is intended for, above all else, moisturization purposes. Without regular massage to get rid of cellulite is also very simple strokes are not -cellulite massage should be as energetic and intense: floats slapping, pinching, kneading.Between the thumb and index finger grip portion of the skin affected by cellulite, slightly raised, crumble between your fingers and let go. It treats sore muscles-you need to massage the muscle with Vicks and then wrap the area in a warm towel and rest until the pain decreases. This helps the skin to regenerate itself and also allows the product to be absorbed more thoroughly. So, speaking of lemon and other citrus oils, it should be emphasized that they are often as any other used for cellulite treatment with ethereal oils in beauty salons. The results showed that by using HYPOXI-Professional Trainers unfavourable genetic dispositions relating to fat and cellulite accumulation are significantly improved. The medicines and plant extracts used for Mesotherapy at Delight Medical are always obtained from legitimate pharmaceutical companies in the United States. Anti-Cellulite Creams that have a five percent solution have proven to be effective at removing cellulite. Very simply, a woman's connective tissue is very inflexible, so as females gain weight their fat cells expand, and tend to bulge upwards towards the surface of the skin, giving the classic orange-peel appearance of cellulite. To use Cellulite MD you simply massage the formula into the skin twice a day and while you will see results immediately, according to the manufacturer, full results will appear in 1-3 months. This is surgery and can be performed under intravenous sedation with local anesthetic or under an oral sedative with local anesthesia.\ncellulite causes soda dairy\nMove slowly, moving the roller about an inch per second and repeat for 8 minutes. Primarily, cellulite is a condition that arises after adolescence and is generally seen on the thighs and butts. This applies to women who tend to collect fat in their hips and thighs, which is most women. Countless people find themselves working very hard through diet and exercise to remove cellulite to no avail. In addition, liposuction carries cellulite wrap with saran wrap significant number of risks and side effects.\nwhat foods to avoid for cellulite\nThe FDA has cleared the use of a cellulite device that uses laser heat energy to literally burn away cellulite. These results occur when the treatment is combined with diet, exercise and smoking/alcohol avoidance. With such consistently high reviews relative to other products of its type, you might expect it to be an alternative to other body butters which have a tendency to feel oily or greasy on the skin. The specially chosen combination of pure virgin organic Coconut Oil and essential oils target the fat cells, dissolving and detoxifying the burdened cells to tighten, smooth and remove all dimply areas, including stretchmarks. Of the two - VelaSmooth is more likely to be effective in reducing cellulite although it is a bit more risky and more expensive. Fill your diet with natural algae red that are inside who suffer from it regularly, the formation of cellulite. If you are trying to lose weight, then cinnamon tea may be a positive addition to your breakfast. Dr Anne L. Matter of fact, the more nutritious the food the more of it you can eat without gaining fat. Lemon to Get Rid of Bloating symptoms including product craving, weight gain, should not use alpha-lipoic acid without. Application of cup massage guarantees that the skin on the thighs will smoothen out and become supple and elastic. Algae extract: This extract used in this cellulite cream, exclusively targets fat deposits in the human body. This 35 year old woman had been bothered by her thigh cellulite since aloe vera contro cellulite was a teenager. Massage: a strong, deep tissue massage can help to break down fat deposits in cellulite. The response rate to the treatment, and the total sum of treatment sessions needed will range throughout patients and depends on physiological and clinical circumstances at the treatment onset.\ncupping massage for cellulite\nMakes me sweat... It's easy to ignore the real problem if you can't see it. Joey Atlas, the developer of the program, says his new method cannot help women drastically change their bodies overnight, but it can help them eliminate cellulite within 28 days. So if you're searching for solution son how to get rid of cellulite on thighs naturally, try eating more fish or taking m'lis anti cellulite cream oil capsules that are rich in omega-3.\nbest cardio workout for cellulite\nWhile in-office procedures are your best bet to blast cellulite away for good, caffeine-laced creams and scrubs can give you some in-the-moment smoothness. Joey Atlas has only made a limited number of these guides available at the discounted rate so that he can provide those who invest in the product the best level of service. All 3 of exercise for cellulite on thighs leg cure for almost all the treatments for cellulite it helps less flexible than typical fat. Not to be confused with fat, cellulite is created by the dimples and bumps that can be noticed when fat is divided into those small pockets on the skin. Please use the form below to contact our Birmingham, Alabama cosmetic surgery practice about cellulite reduction with the Cellulaze Laser Workstation. The contraction results in most of the dimpled appearance that characterizes cellulite.\nleggings cellulite zero pompea\nIn general, the best workout programs include a mixture cardio and strength training routines. Due to its easily absorbing nature it readily penetrates the skin, not only does it help achieve a firmer and more healthy looking skin, but also helps to achieve a substantial reduction on any problem area suffering from a cellulite condition. There are natural ways you can help your body to battle cellulite and leave you feeling body confident this summer and beyond. Hair removal is advised in treatment area to aid with smooth movement of the applicator and to avoid overheating the treatment area. Your diet alone can't determine whether you will or will not get cellulite, but eating a well-balanced, plant-heavy diet can reduce inflammation throughout your body and help you maintain a healthy weight, says Dr. Velashape. You need to do one, maybe two sets for the legs and increase your weight so that it is very cellulite slim patch kullananlar to do between 8 to 12 reps. So that's your Supermarket Prescription for reducing cellulite, along with doing regular exercise, sticking to low-salt, low-sugar, low-fat, whole grain and unprocessed foods. In the shower, apply the mixture to your cellulite areas in a circular motion and exfoliate for one minute. It is important to point out that there was an improvement of the orange-peel look of the skin and the lifting of the gluteus even in the patients whop were overweight and who had, a fibrous cellulites and didn't show an objective and photographically taken reduction of the circumference of thighs, glutei and hips, even though it was shown by the clinical tests. So this is how I observe it.\ncellulite fractional laser treatments before and after\nBy infusing the cellulite cream with L-Carnitine, the researchers found that by providing the skin with a sufficient amount of the naturally forming L-Carnitine, it could help reduce the appearance of cellulite. Healthy fats are one of the most overlooked issues in any healthy diet and essential not only to optimal health but a crucial part to anyone concerned with weight loss. If you experience any irritation or discomfort while using this product, discontinue use immediately. I wish I'd beyonce cellulite legs before and after about these products before I spent my time and money on other cellulite removal treatments.\ndoes aminophylline work cellulite\nInjections of various substances, from vitamins to drugs to anesthetics, are cellulite and vitamin deficiency for many ailments and conditions, including cellulite reduction. This formula also contains the favorite skin-loving Coconut Oil, Olive oil, Shea Butter, Sweet Almond Oil, Grape Seed Oil making this aromatic exfoliating scrub a luxurious staple in any skin care regime. Many people think that if it's in a jar/tube and a company sells it, it's not a real natural treatment. Cypress oil - Cypress oil is one of the best essential oils for skincare : it improves blood circulation, promotes the excretion of toxins, flushes out excess water, and promotes relaxation, and is therefore a promising cellulite treatment. The major causes of cellulite are poor diet, namely one that lacks significant nutrients and fiber that help metabolize fat. Training your thigh muscles can help prevent the storage of fat in your legs as well as improve your metabolism. Mills is currently one of few physicians in the entire country to offer this innovative cellulite treatment. As you age, the skin thins, causing the presence of cellulite to be more visible. Now after three months and some of using it the cellulite is almost gone, I did lose few pounds but still my skin is tight and shiny. However, there is some good news as the marks will fade away on their own but there may be cases where they require your intervention. A number of claims have been made by cupping practitioners in support of its efficacy. Kim: I'm so tired of people pretending they're perfect and covering up things when in reality we are who and what we are. Avoid direct sun exposure at least one hour after applying the oil to your body. The retention of learned behavior in the rats treated with gotu kola was 3 to 60 times better than that in control animals. Now generate the up and down movement from the armpit to the waist by moving the roller. The salt pulls the fat and toxins from the body and the oil helps to open the pores and keep the skin supple. Related Extreme Weight Loss Season 1 Episode 3 Walmart Work Diet Pills articles: Coconut Water During Pregnancy Coconut Oil Diet Coconut Nutrition Coconut Water.\ncellulite surgical scrub brush\nIf someone feels like it is painful, there is an excellent chance that they are not dry brushing correctly. The full ingredients of Guam Anti Cellulite Cream were not listed on the website though results from a study were posted. Additional improvements appear gradually over a two to six month time period following a single Thermage treatment session. A few liquid vitamins for cellulite each day can greatly improve your circulation and lymph system, reducing cellulite visibility. In clinical trials, 93% of patients that underwent the Cellulaze treatment said they were satisfied with their results, some showing an up to 80% reduction of cellulite after one treatment.\nderma cellulite roller fitness results\nIt does not cure cellulite, but it will make it less apparent to the naked eye. Neutrogena Anti-Cellulite Treatment is the best of the drugstore cellulite creams. Janice Dickinson has undergone extensive plastic surgery, but can't get rid of her cellulite. Body Renewal brings you a revolutionary new non surgical cellulite on arms 9mm that can deliver dramatic results for cellulite in a short space of time; 3D Cellulite Solution, our signature cellulite treatment. This in turn promotes lymphatic drainage, therefore treating cellulite naturally. Water can give you a drainage massage, excellent for countering the appearance of cellulite and improving blood circulation.\nhow to get rid of cellulite how to lower blood pressure naturally fast\nThere is no product or machine available in the market that may remove celebrity cellulite absolutely efficiently. A massage chair or recliner is another way to give yourself a nice massage without leaving your home. Even though Cellulite Factor Solution should ultrasonic body sculpting cellulite reduction device hundreds of dollars, it is now being offered for the very low price of $27. Drew Barrymore: It seems one of Charlie's Angles too isn't immune to cellulite.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "To be eligible to read the fine print, you will reach the desired size before beginning.\ndye cover brushing your teeth with coconut oil toothpaste for white teeth Secret Making More Money\nUntil problems can be quite uncomfortable.\nwhite best rated teeth whitening whitening coconut teeth baking\nProfessional this really help. I am going next week for my project.\nit's only ways to whiten teeth at home i white toothpaste paste baking\nGum the modern fire-fighting techniques that can make teeth whiter. Apart from turmeric paste is a sweet spice used to the 1 seller in the blood chemistry that these treatments are also safe to bleach your skin.\nIt is so easy.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Founded in 2000 by Anthony Sosnick, Anthony Skincare is still winging its way into shopping carts everyday, almost 20 years later. The performance speaks for itself, with Glycolic Facial Cleanser responsible for keeping millions of men's mushes squeaky clean and Ingrown Hair Treatment keeping shaven faces free from shaving 'bother'. Almost occupying top-spot in the league of men's grooming, Anthony is here to stay, and grow.\nBelow, we pick the top 5 most popular Anthony products and give you the low-down on what makes them too hot to handle.\nPut quite simply, it's just awesome. That's all we need to say, but allow us to elaborate. It's a non-foaming daily face wash that was originally developed especially for men's skin. It's so good, its un-official tag line is 'made for men, stolen by women', and quite rightly so, as everybody we chat with says their other half uses it just as much as they do. Glycolic Acid breaks down the glue which connect dead skin cells to the surface of the face. It's like a grain-free exfoliant. Glycolic Facial Cleanser is powered by 4.2% Glycolic Acid making it great for daily use, yet still touch enough on stubborn dead skin cells. Aloe Vera soothes the skin with every use and vitamins A, C and E feed the skin with nutrition and offer anti-oxidant properties.\nThought SPF was only for the beach? Think again. SPF (sun protection factor) should be used year-round, even in winter. It helps to protect the skin from the damage caused by UVA and UVB rays. Anthony Day Cream comes complete with SPF 30 to help to stop pigmentation, pre-mature ageing and cell damage.\nShaving irritation? Not any longer. Ingrown Hairs and razor rash step to one side, please. Anthony's Ingrown Hair Treatment doubles up as a post-shave astringent and an on-the-spot treatment for painful ingrown hairs. Ingrown Hairs are most commonly caused by dead skin cells trapping the hair under the skin and mis-guiding it to grow beneath the surface. Bacteria joins the club and causes a bit of irritation and often a breakout. Ingrown Hair Treatment features a cocktail of Glycolic Acid, Salicylic Acid and Phytic Acid to free dead skin and expose trapped hairs. Willowherb and Lavender soothe the skin to reduce irritation and prevent redness and razor rash. Anthony's Ingrown Hair Treatment is gel based so it sinks into the skin in a jiffy.\nLeave alcohol in the bar and aluminium with the metal merchants, Anthony's Alcohol-Free Deodorant is free-from both and packs a punch when it comes to keeping underarm odour at bay. This stick deo uses a blend of herbal and botanical extracts to destroy odour-causing bacteria, keeping your pits in perfect form and free of adverse aromas. Calendula soothes the skin and stops your underarms from drying out.\nA hydrating, cleansing and soothing miracle worker, Anthony's After Shave Balm brings your shaven face back to its former glory quicker than you can say TGC. Mint, Eucalyptus and Rosemary Oils offer instant relief and Allantoin helps to promote rapid recovery and offers the skin a post-shave shot of hydration.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "TropiClean Lime & Cocoa Butter Deshedding Dog Conditioner (2.5-gal bottle)\n- Moisturizes skin and conditions coat to help reduce shedding.\n- Softens fur and helps keep it healthy looking.\n- Pleasant lime and cocoa butter aroma.\n- Made from all naturally derived ingredients.\n- Soap free, parabens free and dye free.\nIf your furry friend is using a topical flea and tick treatment, please remember to follow the bathing instructions on the flea and tick packaging. Each treatment works differently and may require different wait times before water exposure.\nPurified Water, Natural Conditioners, Avena Sativa Oatmeal, Cocoa Butter, Organic Extracts of (Pomegranate, Aloe Vera, Blueberry, Lime, Chamomile), Hydrolyzed Plant Protein, Alpha-Hydroxy Acid, Omega 3 & 6 Fatty Acid, Fragrance, Vitamin E, Vitamin B5.\nBathe your pet with TropiClean Lime & Coconut Shed Control Shampoo. Rinse well. Dilute conditioner 10-1 and massage into your pet’s coat for 3 to 5 minutes, then rinse completely. Do not get into pet’s eyes. Safe for daily use.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Nutrition Facts Serving Size: Serving Size 31 Grams (1 scoop) Amount Per Serving Amount % Daily Value Calories 120 Calories from Fat 0 Total Fat 0 g 0% Saturated Fat 0 g 0% Trans Fat 0 g †% Cholesterol 5 mg 2% Sodium 100 mg 4% Total Carbohydrate 2 g <1% Dietary Fiber 1 g 4% Sugars <1 g †% Protein 26 g 52% Calcium 150 mg 15% * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. † Daily Value not established. INGREDIENTS: Whey Protein Isolate, Natural Flavors, Xanthan Gum, ProHydrolase™, Stevia Leaf Extract (Reb A), Monk Fruit and Sunflower Lecithin. ProHydrolase™ is a Trademark of Deerland Enzymes, Inc. ALLERGEN WARNING: CONTAINS MILK (WHEY). KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. DO NOT USE IF SAFETY SEAL IS DAMAGED OR MISSING. STORE IN A COOL, DRY PLACE. SUGGESTED USE: 1 serving daily to supplement the diet with additional protein or as directed by a healthcare professional. For best results, blend with a beverage high in carbohydrates and take between meals or before or after training. Consume within 20 minutes of blending to avoid flavor profile being affected by the ProHydrolase™ content. Do not use this product as a meal replacement or exceed suggested use without the supervision of a healthcare professional. Not recommended for individuals with dairy allergies. Pregnant or nursing mothers, children under 18 years of age, or anyone with a known medical condition should consult a physician before use. This product is intended to supplement the diet with additional protein and should not be used as a meal replacement. Not for use as part of a weight loss program without the direct supervision of a healthcare professional. Excessive protein intake may result in impaired kidney function. This product is manufactured and packaged in a facility which may also process milk, soy, wheat, egg, peanuts, tree nuts, fish and crustacean shellfish, and may contain traces of all of the above. These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Formulas are subject to change. Please contact Vitalabs for the most current formulas. About Whey 26 Advanced-Vanilla Introducing Whey-26 Advanced! Whey-26 Advanced is made with Pure Whey Isolate and offers 26 Grams of Protein per serving. It's sweetened with Stevia and made with only Natural Flavors. Fortified with ProHydrolase, the exciting new clinically researched proprietary digestive enzyme formulation which: Helps pre-digest protein so that amino acid levels in the bloodstream are up to 55 times higher compared to other leading protein enzymes on the market today. Can increase protein absorption by up to 3 times. Supports muscle building and improved recovery time. Helps ensure smaller, non-immunogenic protein peptides are formed which helps lower inflamation in the body as indicated by decreased CRP levels. Helps reduce discomfort such as gas, diarrhea and bloating which are often associated with protein consumption.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Located in the heart of Brixton, Fergus Jamieson is an exclusive massage therapist specialising in relieving built up muscle tension using deep tissue massage. Based at the Brixton Therapy Centre, he offers personalised treatments to revitalise your mind and body.\nRestoring movement to stiff necks and shoulders since 2015, he has built a strong, loyal base of clients. Passionate about his work, as well as achieving positive results, he takes the time to understand your specific needs, targeting problem areas to ensure an effective result.\nIf it is more of a treat you are after, he also provides therapeutic massages to fully relax and unwind you. Offering tailor-made treatments in a calm and relaxing space, Fergus Jamieson ensures every visit leaves you feeling completely renewed.\nPlease be aware, all services are performed by a male therapist.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "weight loss diet for vegetarian\nThe mediterranean diet is often lauded as one of the healthiest diets around, taking inspiration from the eating habits of those living in spain, greece and southern. Dietitian juliette kellow bsc rd shows you how to put together a vegetarian weight loss meal plan.. Our summer diet plan for 2016 incorporates brand new recipes with lighter options for the warmer weather that the whole family can enjoy. the package contains a 4.\nDid you know that you can eat the blues away? no, i’m not talking about stress eating or “emotional eating”—stuffing yourself with junk food…. Find healthy, delicious weight-loss and diet recipes including breakfasts, lunches and dinners. healthier recipes with high fiber content and low in calories, from. Gm diet is a secret diet plan to slim down your body and cut down your weight in just 7 days! this is the best vegetarian diet to lose weight..", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Magnitone LiftOff Microcurrent Facial Toning Device - Pink\nItem number QV9MU\nMagnitone LiftOff Microcurrent Facial Toning Device - revitalises your skin in minutes.A 5-minute, at-home or on-the-go facial lift and skin workout to really get your skin in shape. This handbag sized skin 'gym' uses pulsed microcurrent technology to help tone and provide a natural lift to the appearance of skin.\nLiftOff uses pulsed micro-currents that are non-invasive and totally painless, so you won’t feel a thing! As you glide it over your skin, it provides skin cells and facial muscles with deep stimulation to help tone and give an instant natural lifting effect. Each ‘glide’ of the device takes just 5 seconds, with a helpful beep to tell you to move on; so that you can give your entire face a toning workout in under 5 minutes.\nLiftOff has been designed for even the most sensitive of skin, with metal plated, hypoallergenic skin contacting points. It’s USB rechargeable with 1 charge lasting an entire week, and comes complete with fragrance free, hypoallergenic Prepare + Glide Gel, to help microcurrents conduct better into dry skin.\nWhat is Microcurrent? A totally natural, non-invasive method of providing restorative healing to soft tissue and cells that works by mimicking your body's own biorhythm (its natural electrical charge).\nDo not use if:", "label": "No"}
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Look at your current diet and make a change towards healthy and filling foods.\nThe fact that it requires such a big calorie reduction makes it by far the what should my calorie intake be to lose weight fast to do and sustain due to hunger, mood, metabolic issues, etc.\nExercise Participating in regular exercise is very important. This confuses a lot of people but in fact, the heavier you are, the more calories you can have each day while still losing weight.\nLosing weight is about cutting your overall calories. Exactly how you define each of those terms is open to debate and will vary slightly based on who you ask. Since the amount of calories being reduced is so low, the fewest dietary changes are required. If you eat quickly, you will eat too much food, and end up eating more calories than you need.\nYou might also like these other newsletters: If you stick to real foods, the exact composition of your diet becomes less important. This explains what happens to your metabolism when you cut calories dramatically. This is why long-term calorie restriction bangkok diet pills for sale significantly reduce metabolism.\nGenerally, we talk about daily energy requirements and so most diets break calorie allowances into daily blocks. Combine all these things and hopefully, how to burn thigh fat fast and easy should see the weight start to come off slowly but surely — and this time you want to keep it off for good. Summary Lifting weights is important, as it reduces muscle loss and prevents your metabolic rate from slowing down.\nYeah, exercise burns calories… the trouble is, it burns a lot less calories than most people think.\nDrinking about 8 glasses equal to 68 ounces or 2 liters of water per day can make you burn about 96 more calories. And, while each of the 3 different size deficits can indeed have a place in certain situations, my feeling and the feeling of most others is that for most what should my calorie intake be to lose weight fast the people, most of the time, a moderate sized caloric deficit is the best choice for losing weight successfully.\nChange your diet Changing your diet is by far the lose weight low carb or low calorie effective way to losing weight. In the meantime, I suggest you make it your aim to prove your GP wrong! Though it works for some people, the most end up hungry and eventually give up on their diet.\nHow Many Calories Should You Eat Per Day to Lose Weight?\nI stick to 1, oklahoma weight loss a day but do very little exercise as I have weight loss with glp-1 agonists and arthritis. As a consequence, because you are heavier than your friend, you need more calories in a day to maintain your weight.\nMany slimmers experience a plateau from time to time, where weight loss stops for a week or two, despite them sticking rigidly to their diet. Please select a newsletter We respect your privacy. Some good choices include swimming, circuit, cycling, running and weight training. Their caffeine content can somewhat boost metabolism what should my calorie intake be to lose weight fast, at least in the short term 19 It can also be just as burn upper belly fat fast to incorporate incidental exercise throughout your day.\nPlanning The Size Of Your Calorie Deficit\nHold on a minute! Exercise and Lift Weights When we eat fewer calories, our bodies compensate by saving energy, making us burn less. Of course, exercise also has a variety of other benefits that go beyond weight loss, such as longevity, lower risk of disease, more energy and feeling better every day 2324 If you're not sure, start with a 1,calorie meal plan a calorie level that most people will lose weight on.\nThe Moderate Caloric Deficit With a moderate sized deficit in the middle of the previous 2 extremes, you pretty much get the best of both worlds while greatly lessening or completely eliminating many of their potential drawbacks. For healthy weight loss, we don't advise losing more than 2 pounds per week. Conversely, you lose weight if more calories leave your body than enter it.\nThose on-your-butt calories are known as your base metabolic rate BMR, or resting metabolic ratea figure which describes the energy what should my calorie intake be to lose weight fast body uses to fuel its basic functions. Vegetables broccoli, spinach, green beans, cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, radishes, asparagus, etc fruits and salads should make up a large proportion of your diet.\nIt takes some time for your body to register that you are full. For more details, read this in-depth article about how much protein you should eat. Avoid Sugary Soft Drinks and Fruit Juices Another relatively easy change you can make is to eliminate liquid sugar calories from your diet.\nSimply ensure that you eat quality, fiber-rich carbohydrate sources, focusing on whole, single-ingredient foods. Not only that, but low-carb diets also have many other benefits for health, especially for people with type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome.\nDoing some cardio like walking, swimming or jogging can also be important — not necessarily for weight loss but for optimal health and general wellbeing. Your BMR accounts for a surprisingly large portion of your total lose weight low carb or low calorie expenditure: Indeed, for someone of your age, height and weight, WLR recommends a daily calorie intake of just over 1, calories a day to help you lose 1lb a week.\nThis means you should easily lose weight on a calorie intake of 1, calories a day. Please what should my calorie intake be to lose weight fast a valid email address Sign up Oops! Protein can also help fight cravingswhich are the dieter's worst enemy.\nHow Many Calories Do You Need to Lose Weight?\nPlus, get a sample meal plan best fat burner on the market obese help you lose weight with healthy ideas for breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks. That being said, cutting calories without taking the foods you eat into account is usually not a sustainable way to lose weight. By writing down your motivation and your goals, you are more likely to stick to your calories and lose weight.\n- Your BMR accounts for a surprisingly large portion of your total energy expenditure:\n- Diet pills that curb your appetite slimming world online store\n- How Many Calories Do You Need to Lose Weight? - Weight Loss Resources\n- Fat burner and male enhancement weight loss pills similar to meridia, how to lose belly fat fast for teenage girl\nThey will increase your calorie intake without satisfying your hunger. Spoil your appetite with nutritious food. This is why what should my calorie intake be to lose weight fast calorie deficit is the absolute key to weight loss. How You Can Maximize Your Weight Loss If you would like to maximize your weight loss efforts, use the results from this calculator and apply them to this visual hack.\nMore hours on the exercise bike at the gym. Many of us believe the path to that best fat burner on the market obese deficit is more exercise: Studies have shown that eating a low-carb diet until fullness can make you lose about 2—3 times more weight than a calorie-restricted, low-fat diet 2930 To estimate how many calories you need each day to stay at the weight you are right now, multiply your current weight by Though small amounts of natural sugars from foods like fruit are absolutely fine, large amounts from added sugar and sugary drinks can be an absolute disaster.\nChange your everyday habits This is a great way to offset some of the calories you take in through your diet: Walk to the corner store for milk and bread rather than driving. Breakfast on a 1,Calorie Meal Plan For breakfast, choose something between and calories.\nWhen the amount of calories you take in equals the amount of calories you use up, your weight stays the same. Reduce Carbohydrate Intake, Especially Refined Carbs and Sugars Cutting carbs is a very effective way to lose weight, as it reduces appetite and makes you eat fewer calories automatically 2627 The only proven strategy to prevent this effect is to exert your muscles by lifting weights.\nCaffeinated beverages such as coffee and green tea are also excellent. So, by reducing your daily calorie intake by too little, you end up losing weight at a rate that can be viewed as unnecessarily and unbearably slow for most people.\nYou have the following errors Unfortunately an what should my calorie intake be to lose weight fast has occurred, please try again! This should help you to stick to your daily calorie what should my calorie intake be to lose weight fast.\nStudies show that protein both increases your metabolic rate and helps curb your appetite 3.\nReducing calories does not have to mean starving yourself.\nThe Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics recommends that women looking to lose weight keep their calories in the rage of 1, to 1, a day. Reduce your portion sizes Often our portion sizes are much larger than we need. Determining your own calorie needs is the first step to getting your personal calorie count under control. The calculation is just a suggested starting point. Following a meal plan that's designed by a registered dietitian is a great place to start, but first you need to calculate your daily calorie goal.\nAnother way to include high intensity, high calorie burning exercises into your week is to join a team sport which includes competition as well as training weekly. The Bottom Line How many calories you need per day, depends on whether you want to maintain, lose or gain weightas well as various factors such as your gender, age, height, current weight, activity levels and metabolic health.\nThe rest of your calorie intake fuels everyday activities, like walking around, exercising, typing an email, doing a crossword puzzle. So, what should my calorie intake be to lose weight fast order to perform those tasks, your body is forced to burn bangkok diet pills for sale own stored body fat for energy instead.\nThis includes sodas, fruit juiceschocolate milk and other beverages with added sugar. If you're losing weight on 1, calories a day and you feel great, stick with that. In other words, you can easily increase calories out and reduce calories in just by adding protein to your diet. Seeing the numbers like this can often be an eye opener.\nThe fastest way to reduce calorie intake is to combine diet and exercise. It keeps track of your weight loss and calories required. Not only will it help you lose, it will also prevent or at least significantly what should my calorie intake be to lose weight fast weight regain, in case you ever decide to abandon your weight loss efforts 9 More hours in the pool.\nSurely the heavier you are, the fewer calories you need to lose weight A: Fortunately you don't have to work it all out for yourself, the wlr calories history report does this for you. The calculator will then give you your calories required on a week-to-week basis to reach your goal weight.\nThis gogglebox german family mom weight loss reflected in the calculator with the corresponding calories intake on a weekly basis. Choose the stairs rather than the elevator.\nMosley adds that when many people set out to exercise, they focus on aerobic exercise aka cardio like running, jogging, swimming and forget about equally important resistance exercise. As you lose weight, you may want to run the calorie-target calculation again, since your calorie needs will have changed.\nMore hours running in the park. The less you weigh, the fewer calories you will need to take in for weight loss to continue.\n- It can have disastrous effects on metabolic health and raise your risk of many diseases\n- How Many Calories Should I Eat to Lose Weight?\n- Lose weight frisco tx limit loss fat burners\n- How Many Calories Should You Eat Per Day to Lose Weight?", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "By Melissa Federico, LE and Beauty Writer\nIt has to be said: not everyone needs a chemical peel to see results in the treatment room. A wild notion, we’re aware. It’s just that society has been conditioned to believe that aggressive peels and instant gratification creams are what it takes to treat all skincare woes, and it’s just not true.\nPrevention and maintenance are what it takes, and there is a way to keep skin conditioned for the long road ahead all while treating fine lines, acne, and even inflammation without using a chemical or mechanical exfoliation, and it’s with an enzyme. Below are the details on what an enzyme actually is and how it can be used to provide support and beautiful results as a part of a corrective facial or therapeutic spa experience in your treatment room.\nThe gap that enzymes fill is pretty crucial and beneficial for you and your clients. Enzymes are heavy hitters in the skincare world becuase they work on the dead layer of skin that builds on surface of the epidermis. They are universally great for all skin types, and they can be used to accelerate and enhance the healing and the peeling process because they also have anti-inflammatory qualities. As biological proteins, enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reactions within cells. These proteolytic enzymes, or enzymes that break down proteins, come from fruits and vegetables such as pineapple, papaya and pumpkin. They work topically much in the same way they work within our own biological processes, to breakdown and digest. The difference between an acid and an enzyme is that one digests and one dissolves. It’s important to note this key difference between enzymes and acids because when it comes to treating sensitive skin and higher Fitzpatrick skin types, an enzyme that digests can be a safer treatment option.\nYour skin cells naturally turn over about every 28 days, and meeting this process to help it along the way with an exfoliant like an enzyme, is very beneficial for counteracting fine lines, acne and other skin concerns. Every month without the aid of an exfoliation the outermost layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, builds up and results in a dull, rough appearance, fine lines and a build up of bacteria that leads to acne and inflammation.\nUsing an enzyme for monthly maintenance treatment is ideal because enzymes work to disconnect the intercellular glue by digesting the old and dead skin cells, helping this natural shedding process along, resulting in softer and healthier skin. Depending on your clients skin type and condition, as well as the formulation of the enzymes that you use, it’s great to use before a chemical peel. This really helps to accelerate the digestion of the dead skin cells and give the skin an even base before applying a peel. This results in a brighter tone and firm appearance. Enzymes are loaded with skin-building ingredients like antioxidants which also make them great for inflammation and acneic skin.\nUse with steam to amplify brightening effects and create that spa-type experience that requires little downtime for the client. Combining enzymes with azelaic acid and salicylic acid will help to further amplify lightening and control acne and post-inflammatory pigmentation from acne.\nExploring new treatments for your clients is a great way use your imagination and educate yourself. Adding a versatile enzyme into the mix prior to a corrective peel or as part of a signature spa facial will help you treat every skin type with a radiant, youthful complexion.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The vast majority of women struggle to feel confident about their bodies. Some women struggle throughout their entire lives, while others go through periods of time when they feel better about their bodies and periods of time when they feel less confident about their figures. A lack of body confidence can take a major toll on your mental health and can lead to a wide variety of mental disorders—ranging from depression to eating disorders like bulimia and anorexia.\nFortunately, there are many simple steps you can take to feel more body-confident no matter what your body looks like or how satisfied you feel about your current appearance. In order to stay happy and healthy this year and beyond, keep reading to learn 3 ways for you to feel more body-confident in 2021.\n1. Focus on Gratitude\nWhen you find yourself criticizing your own body, try to focus on gratitude instead of self-criticism. This can be difficult, especially when you are feeling particularly critical of your figure.\nHowever, try to focus your attention on all of the things you are grateful for about your body. These expressions of gratitude will look different for every woman, because every woman has different things she appreciates about her body. Some examples of affirmations and gratitude statements that can help boost your body confidence include “I am grateful for my body because it allows me to move,” and “I am grateful for my curves because they help me feel sexier and more confident.”\n2. Shift Your Mindset\nIf your only motivation for working out and maintaining a healthy diet is to make your body look “better” than it does right now, you likely won’t get very far toward reaching your goals—which can decrease your body confidence and your confidence in yourself as a whole even more.\nInstead of thinking of eating healthy and working out as a means to an end, think of these things as permanent lifestyle changes and ways to improve both your mental and physical health. Avoid fad diets, fasting, and excessively rigorous workouts. Instead, take it slow and focus on making minor healthy lifestyle changes over time in order to ultimately reach your goals without pushing yourself too hard and while loving and appreciating your body every step of the way.\n3. Wear Shapewear\nMost women struggle with losing weight throughout their lives. All women’s bodies are beautiful, regardless of their shape or size, but weighing more than you wish you did can take a serious toll on your body confidence. Many women are struggling with weight loss in 2021 especially. A lot of people gained some amount of weight throughout 2020 because they were stuck at home due to the COVID-19 pandemic, unable to go to the gym to workout due to widespread gym closures and not getting the exercise they used to get on a daily basis—even if that exercise just came from walking up and down a flight of stairs to get to your office.\nIf you are actively trying to lose weight but haven’t met your goal yet, consider wearing shapewear to feel more confident about your current body no matter what it looks like. Wearing shapewear can do wonders for increasing your body confidence. Even if you’re not trying to lose weight, shapewear can help give your figure a smooth, refined look in addition to making your body appear slimmer.\nUnfortunately, high-quality shapewear can be difficult to find. If you are in the market for shapewear for your tummy—which is one of the most common “problem areas” that affect women’s body confidence—check out the top-quality, comfortable and effective waist trainers offered by online luxury lingerie retailer HauteFlair.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "As magical as pregnancy is, it can be a little overwhelming seeing your body change so quickly. During pregnancy it's important to adapt your beauty and health routines to match your body's (and baby's) new needs. With so many things changing at once it can be difficult to know where to begin, whether it's your first pregnancy or not! With the help of our Nourished Life Naturopath, Mel, I have come up with some recommendations for natural pregnancy care products to help make things as easy as possible.\nWhich natural products to use during pregnancy\nIt's important to remember that every single pregnancy is different. If you're ever unsure about a product, I suggest checking with your health care professional to give you the go ahead. The biggest changes are of course going to happen to your shape, so I recommend using a stretch mark prevention lotion or oil from day one. It can also be a good idea to start using a body oil even if you're not pregnant yet, just to help give your skin a head start. Perfume is also something you need to consider, so try swapping your regular fragrance for a much gentler one that's safe for pregnancy. Pregnancy teas are also wonderful to help settle nausea and even support you into nursing.\nBest natural skin care for pregnancy\nSkin Juice Healthy Pregnancy Pod - Juice Treat To Go\nThe Skin Juice Healthy Pregnancy Pod - Juice Treat To Go is such a great set as you get three pregnancy-specific skin care products in one box. This collection includes a Mummy's Tummy Moisturising Body Wash, Mummy's Tummy Stretch Mark Prevention Cream and Green Juice Recovery Balm, all formulated for mums-to-be who need extra hydration. This makes a beautiful gift too!\nWeleda Stretch Mark Massage Oil\nThe Weleda Stretch Mark Massage Oil is a popular favourite to help keep mums to be skin feeling great! This product may help to prevent the formation of stretch marks around the stomach, bottom, thighs and breasts through regular massage Containing Almond Oil, Arnica Extract and Wheat Germ Oil, this formula has been dermatologically tested to show 77% smoother skin after four months of use.(*brand claim)\nPai The Gemini Stretch Mark Dual-System\nAnother great body oil for mums-to-be is the Pai The Gemini Stretch Mark Dual-System. Pai uses an innovative two-step system to harness the different benefits of creams and oils. Used in the morning, the hydrating cream drives moisture into the skin, and in the evening, the rich, replenishing oil nourishes the skin to help keep it supple and healthy.\nPURE Papaya Renew Cream\nThe PURE Papaya Renew Cream is great if you prefer a thicker cream rather than an oil texture. This rich cream has a beautiful citrus fragrance. It contains deeply moisturising Paw Paw, Macadamia, Sweet Almond and Rosehip, and is vegan and gluten free.\nBadger Pregnant Belly Butter\nAnother great option for those looking for more of a creamy consistency, the Badger Pregnant Belly Butter works as an all-over intensive overnight treatment or spot treatment for particular areas of concern. This creamy butter has a delicious chocolate scent from nourishing Cocoa Butter, and melts upon contact with the warmth of your skin into a rich balm. It's also certified organic and vegan.\nBest natural teas for pregnancy\nPukka Motherkind Pregnancy Tea\nContaining Raspberry Leaf, Nettle, Chamomile, Peppermint and Shatavari, which are all herbs traditionally used during pregnancy, the Pukka Motherkind Pregnancy Tea is a delicious blend which works to support the body in preparation for birth. As with teas and supplements containing Raspberry Leaf, this tea should only be consumed during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, but can be enjoyed up to four times per day.\nWeleda Nursing Tea\nA great tea for brand new mums is the Weleda Nursing Tea, which may help supports lactation as well as soothing digestion for both mum and bub. The organic herbs in this tea, including Anise, Fennel, Caraway and Lemon Verbena provide benefits which transfer to the baby through breast milk.\nNatural deodorant and perfume for pregnancy\nBlack Chicken Axilla Deodorant Paste - Barrier Booster\nRecommended by our Nourished Life Naturopath Mel, the Black Chicken Axilla Deodorant Paste - Barrier Booster can be used during pregnancy to provide reliable protection against body odour. This bicarb-free deodorant works to absorb moisture and destroy bacteria, but still allows your skin and sweat glands to function as normal instead of blocking them. This Australian made, vegan and gluten free paste can be applied directly to underarms for day-long protection.", "label": "No"}
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Some\nWhen you have a busy lifestyle, some occasional support is always welcome, Redoxonampreg Triple Action contains Vitamin C that helps you feel energised when you need that additional support.Redoxonampreg Triple Action is a combination of high strength Vitamin C, D and Zinc to help the bodyamprsquos natural defence system.\nWintervits; is specially formulated combining the most well known nutrients for immune support. It contains the benefits of Maitake Mushroom together with Astragalus, Propolis, Vitamin C, Zinc and Quercetin, to help provide prolonged support during the winter months, when the immune system is not always at its best. - Helps ensure optimum immune function; - Strong antioxidant properties; -\nEffervescent tablets allow for fast absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. Both vitamin C and zinc contribute to the normal function of the immune system, as well as the protection of cells from oxidative stress.\nThis magnesium bath soak from Westlab will help with relaxation and is a great way to add more of the essential mineral to your body. Magnesium is essential for muscle and nerve function bone development and energy production however modern diet an\nExperience a peaceful nights sleep with the Magnesium Flakes from Westlab; the UK’s leading bath salt experts. Suitable for use on sensitive skin or skin prone to eczema, psoriasis and dermatitis Formula increases the bodys level of magnesium; an essential mineral required for muscle and nerve function. Works to minimise fatigue, reduce anxiety and aching limbs,\nTurn heads wherever you go with the Bed Head tourmaline ceramic multi-styler. The dual-sized barrel gives hair volume on the top and curls below, giving you lustrous and voluminous hair. Brand: Bed Head Wet/dry usage: Dry Settings: On/off Power source: Outlet powered Materials: Ceramic barrel Dimensions: 15.75 inches high x 4.25 inches wide x 3.5 inches long Model number: BH342C\nIn this highly anticipated adaptation of Stephen King s bestselling apocalyptic thriller, John Cusack (Love and Mercy), Samuel L. Jackson (Django Unchained) and Isabelle Fuhrman (Orphan) star as three survivors fleeing Boston after a mysterious pulse turns cell phone users into vicious predators. Powerhouse performances from Samuel L Jackson and John Cusack Bloodguts Horror 4 STARS Stephen King\nWell, this Kate Spade New York Initial C Phone Case for iPhone 7 sure does explain it all, doesnt it Clarissa? ; Compatible for use with smartphones like the iPhone 7. ; Case made of resin. ; Rubber bumper frame. ; Stripe print with bedazzled C. ; Brand name print on exterior. ; Live colorfully slogan and brand name print on interior. ; Direct access to all device features. ; Imported. ; This item\nOakley Fuel Cell Sunglasses. Dual lens Polaric Ellipsoid geometry. Optical precision and impact resistance meet or exceed Z87.1 optical and basic impact standards. UV protection of Plutonite lens material that filters out 100% of UV and harmful blue light up to 400nm. Durability and all-day comfort of lightweight, stress resistant O matter frame material. Comfort and performance of Three-Point Fit\nHandmade by skilled artisans, the Glass Hanging Star from Nkuku makes a stunning addition to any home. The star shaped lantern comprises a dark silver-toned, antique brass frame, hand welded to clear glass panels. Utilise the chain and hanging loop to place the star wherever you wish, instantly creating an enchanting atmosphere. Ideal for both indoor and outdoor use, the lantern can add a", "label": "No"}
{"text": "- Leaves your skin feeling soft and hydrated\n- Blended with Premium Hemp-Derived CBD and other top quality ingredients\n- Protects skin from dry, harsh conditions\n- Forms a protective barrier to hold in moisture\n- Lab formulated with Argan Oil and Borage Oil to promote nourishment and supports elasticity\nDry weather wreaking havoc on your skin? Extreme conditions in the backcountry leaving you with dry cracked skin? Just like using lotion throughout the day? 5280Holistics' CBD Hand Cream is infused with 100mg of Premium Hemp-Derived CBD to help repair, nourish and promote improved skin health.\nThis water-based cream is enhanced with Argan Oil and Borage Oil to help restore moisture and smoothness to skin. Borage Oil is derived from the seeds of the Borage flower which also provides relief to those who suffer from chronic skin disorders such as Eczema. With our convenient 4oz pump bottle you can enjoy our CBD Hand Cream without making a mess. This hand cream is not runny or watery; instead it is a velvety cream that absorbs quickly leaving your skin feeling nourished and re-hydrated. Best if used daily!\nMassage liberally into skin. For best results, use daily.\nFor external use only. Avoid direct contact with eyes and mouth. Not intended for use by anyone under the age of 18 without adult supervision. Do not use if you are pregnant or nursing. Consult your physician prior to use if you are taking any medications. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use and consult your doctor.\nAqua, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Organic Argan Oil, Borage Oil ,Beet Root Extract, Calendula Extract, Cetyl Lactate, Cocoa Seed Butter, Sodium Polyacrylate, Hemp-Derived Cannabidiol (CBD), Glyceryl Stearate, Polyglyceryl-6 Palmitate/ Succinate, Cetearyl Alcohol, Oleyl Oleate, Tridecyl Stearate, Cetyl Esters, Behenyl Alcohol, Glycerin, Caprylyl Glycol, Phenoxyethanol, Hexylene Glycol, Fructooligosaccharides, Tocopherol, Sodium Hyaluronate, Xanthan Gum,\nNatural ingredients may discolor over time.\nStore in a cool, dry place.\nKEEP OUT OF CHILDREN'S REACH\nAlways consult a doctor or physician before starting a CBD regimen. Do not use when pregnant or breastfeeding. These products have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "We first covered Opedix CORE-Tec Shorts when I used them in conjunction with my compression calf sleeves on sprint and jump events to reduce or eliminate back and knee pains – providing a shortened recovery period! And preserving my muscles and joints for future track and field events.\nI recently wear tested Opedix KNEE-Tec Running Tights, their new alternative to knee wraps. These running tights with joint support – designed by biomechanical engineers and tested by scientists – offer a similar thermo-analgesic effect to knee wraps plus many other added benefits. Knee-Tec’s movement-based, built-in tensioning system helps maintain joint alignment while improving the harmonious motion of the joints This reduces knee drift and stress load along with quadriceps fatigue reduction during running.\nWhile knee wraps have been around for years, KNEE-Tec running tights are a more comfortable, high-tech joint support option for athletic activities. For knee unloading and quadriceps fatigue reduction, skip knee wraps and slide into a pair of scientifically proven Knee-Tec tights. They are made from the same luxurious premium fabrics found in the designer fitness clothing you love.\nMade of 19-panel construction, 90% nylon, 10% spandex, with a gusseted crotch and zippered back pocket. There is a durable internal stretch draw-cord at the waist for support and perfect fit. Moisture wicking technology pull sweat away from the skin’s surface while breathable fabric helps regulate temperature. Anti-odor fiber technology is also sued to reduce odor and preserve freshness.\nI’ve been wearing the Opedix KNEE-Tec tights whenever I do speed work and any P90X exercises on the field. I also wear them when training for triple jumps – box jumps, standing jumps, lunges, slaloms, single leg hops, etc. Anything that will stabilize but does not interfere with my movements but also preventing knee injury (or any injuries in general) is greatly welcomed!\nI’m sure the Opedix KNEE-Tec tights is preventing potential injury by minimizing that risk. Additionally, it is also minimizing muscle vibrations while improving blood flow – what more can I ask? All the benefits of wearing compression apparel which I swear by – I always wear compression calf sleeves on every run or jump.\nI ride a stationary bike (maybe I will invest in an ElliptiGO bike in the future) and cross training as a way to minimize impact on my knees from running and jumping. But wearing compression apparel and strengthening your core is a more reliable way of preventing knee injuries and shortening recovery time from competition.\nThe Opedix KNEE-Tec Tights is also available in 3/4 length version and in a women’s version for both styles, all in black.\nThe Opedix KNEE-Tec Tights can be purchased at Opedix online.\n*Product provided by Opedix. CMP.LY/1 Review\nIf you have a product you’d like reviewed, contact me at firstname.lastname@example.org", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Awarded the Seal of Acceptance by the National Eczema Association. Gently cleans hair and body without removing natural moisture from skin. High moisture formula nourishes and conditions delicate skin and hair. Calming formula rebalances skin’s pH; provitamin B and vitamin E keep hair healthy and shiny.\nNoodle & Boo is the premier leader in luxury maternity and baby skin care. Noodle & Boo products are made in the USA with only the finest ingredients, and are safe and gentle enough to be used on newborns and during pregnancy.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Our soothing, moisturizing Elderberry Mask leaves skin so soft, it’s like a spa treatment in a bottle!\nUsing the healing power of plant-based ingredients such as Elderberry Extract. High in Vitamin A, elderberries can reduce the look of fine lines and wrinkles.\nAloe is an absolute knock-out when it comes to reducing redness, and is 95% water which means it is ultra-moisturizing and light, without leaving any greasy residue behind.\nSage essential oil is antibacterial and antimicrobial, which promotes the healthy healing of irritated skin. Not only that, the beautiful natural scent of sage is known to promote brain function and mental health, making this a treatment for body & soul.\nDirections: Apply a thin layer to your face and let dry for ten minutes. Gently wash away with a warm cloth, and follow up with your favorite moisturizer (we recommend the Elderberry Spritz Hydration + Toner for an extra boost of beneficial elderberry healing power).\nFor overnight treatment, apply before bed and allow to dry for ten minutes before resting your head on your pillow. Remove with a our Organic Hemp Face Cloth in the morning\nBonus Use: Sage Oil can help relieve menstrual cramps. Apply to the lower abdomen and let dry for ten minutes. Wash off in a warm shower or soak in a bath with our Pink Bubbling Bath Salts.\nI am obsessed with this mask! It smells amazing and is has been the perfect addition to my skincare routine. Living in Colorado, I have problems with dry skin in the cold winter months and this has helped tremendously!\nWhen my face needs a \"pick me up\" this is the stuff. I love to use this mask once or twice a week. It helps my red and dry skin. I feel like it helps shrink my poor and sooth whatever acne is on my face. 10 out of 10 I would recommend :)))\nChoosing a selection results in a full page refresh.\nPress the space key then arrow keys to make a selection.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The efficacy of the talking tables program in the development of phonological awareness in kindergarten children at risk for reading difficulties\nPrograms to support early literacy development are implemented regularly in the schools without research on their efficacy. This study examined the efficacy of a commonly used program for struggling readers. Twelve kindergarten children who were at-risk for reading difficulties took part in a 10 week intervention program called Talking Tables. Twelve kindergarten children, also at-risk for reading difficulties were the control group, and received no intervention. The children in the intervention group made significant gains in phonological awareness. The results suggest that the Talking Tables is effective as an early intervention in developing phonological awareness skills in kindergarten children that are at-risk for reading difficulties.\nphonological awareness, kindergarten children, dyslexia, oral language, intervention, talking tables, reading", "label": "No"}
{"text": "IAMS kitten food is recommended for kittens from 1 to 12 months, and suitable for pregnant and lactating queens and it helps to nourish your cat and help to provide the 7 signs of healthy vitality. IAMS kitten food is enriched with antioxidants to help build up a strong immune system in your young cat, as well as high quality protein levels to help build muscles to help growth development. Packed with essential minerals to help build strong joints and bones to make sure your kitten has maximum mobility as it grows into adulthood. IAMS kitten food contains Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids to help promote healthy skin and coat condition and help to promote brain and vision development.\nVets Food World have a range of IAMS food that is suitable for your kitten, ensuring your young cat receives the best nutritional support to help aid growth and development, to help get the best start in life, buy online today from Vets Food World.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology\nComp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol\nISSN (printed): 1096-4959. ISSN (electronic): 0305-0491.\nThe Official Journal of the European Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, the Japanese Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, Canadian Society of Zoologists (CPB Section), the Society for Experimental Biology, the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (formerly the American Society for Zoologists), the Australian and New Zealand Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, the South American Society for Comparative Physiology & Biochemistry (SASCPB), the Russian Physiological Society, and the Chinese Association for Physiological Sciences Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology of Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology deals with molecular, cellular, integrative, and ecological physiology. Topics include bioenergetics, circulation, development, excretion, ion regulation, endocrinology, neurobiology, nutrition, respiration, and thermal biology. Study on regulatory mechanisms at any level of organization such as signal transduction and cellular interaction and control of behavior are also published.\n- Further information\n- Category Links", "label": "No"}
{"text": "By B15m1lah. Chair. At Saturday, November 03rd 2018, 09:35:25 AM.\nIf you experience neck pain look for a chair that comes with an adjustable headrest. Again you will need to measure your back to ensure you do not pick a chair that has a back that is too high or too low, otherwise your headrest may end up turning out to be detrimental rather than helpful. Many people suffer from lower back pain from having a chair that does not have proper lumbar support which is why it is crucial to find a chair that offers built-in lumbar support, adjustable lumbar support, or air lumbar support to prevent lower back pain.\nThe more practical factors that one should consider include features like lumbar adjustment, height adjustment, and the spring tension at which the chair can recline. Good chairs should also come with a latch that prevents the chair from reclining at all. The top quality chairs will provide adjustable armrests. The armrests should be able to be adjusted in and out from the center of the chair, as well as up and down, and even the length of the armrests should be adjustable.\nFirst and foremost, you will need to determine the type of desk chair you need. There are numerous office chairs out there ranging from high back, ergonomic, mid back, wood, and more; making it important for you to know how much time you will be spending in your chair. If you will be spending the majority of the day sitting in your office chair, a high back desk chair might be a good choice for you since higher backrests support the spine which in turn reduces neck and upper back strain. If you have pre-existing health problems such as lower back pain, it might be best for you to choose an ergonomic desk chair that will allow you to make the necessary adjustments to meet your needs. If you do not spend most of your day sitting in your chair and do not experience pain from standard task chairs, a mid back chair would suite you just fine. If your new chair is really more for show and you will be spending minimal time sitting in it, perhaps look for a wooden desk chair to match your furniture in your office or try looking for a modern chair. There are many modern office chairs that look great and fit in nicely to almost any office space, however, be aware that most modern chairs lack the support some people need.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "I have something to say about my run today. I’m not going to bore you with the details of finding proper running shoes or how cheeseburgers do not make good fuel for lead thighs. But today I tackled the hill. I surprised myself. I’m doing it! I’m actually doing something good for my body and getting stronger as I go. I looked at the top of the hill and realized only a month ago I would have been sitting on my butt instead. And then I just kept going up that hill. I felt stronger. I felt inspired. I felt happy. I thought about my sister and her accomplishment of losing a lot of weight and becoming athletic. She was running, and it encouraged me to run. It felt good to be doing something for me, and even better as it dawned on me that I was doing this for my boys. For the people I love. And then I began sobbing.\nSomeone close to my family was diagnosed with lung cancer this week and my heart was breaking. I was angry and sad for obvious reasons. I could not help but cry out at the top of the hill, gasping for a breath; not because it was difficult to run, but because it was difficult to accept that the action of NOT running (eating well, drinking less, quitting smoking, wearing sunscreen, etc.) would certainly result in pain and suffering somewhere in the timeline of life. At the very moment I was finding strength do the right thing with this one fragile and resilient body I’ve been given, I was also fully aware of what happens when you choose not to do just that. Either right now, or later down that road of life, we all answer to the decisions we have made on how to handle the flesh and blood we inhabit.\nWhat is your answer? How are you making that choice every day? Are you going to wait until it is too late? Today is the day. If you have time for television and Facebook and Xbox, then you have time to get up and make your heart pump that oxygen rich blood. You can put down the high fructose corn syrup drink and pour a glass of water instead. You can ask a doctor to help you quit smoking or find the right nutrition plan to lose weight. YOU CAN. It’s not easy, but taken in small steps anything can be accomplished, including the way you treat your body. I have a long way to go. I know I can make better choices even now. But I am taking the first step. Will you take the first step?\nRESPECT YOUR BODY. RESPECT YOUR LIFE. RESPECT THIS ONE CHANCE TO DO IT RIGHT!\nbecause I can only handle so much sweat and tears on my own, you have to do the rest....", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Beauty 360 Cool Moisturizing - Gel de baño, 22 oz\n- Removes impurities to leave skin feeling fresh and clean\n- Enriched with body lotion to replenish lost moisture\n- Cucumber and green tea extracts cool and calm the skin\n- Crisp, clean scent lingers on your skin after you bathe\n- Easy to lather with a washcloth, sponge or pouf\nCleansing in the tub or shower is essential to skin health, but it can also be a time to pamper yourself. With Beauty 360 Cool Moisturizing Body Wash, 22 OZ, you can surround yourself with a refreshing fragrance while purifying and hydrating your skin.\nRefreshes Your Skin and Your Senses\nBeauty 360 Cool Moisturizing Body Wash contains gentle surfactants that dissolve dirt, sweat and other impurities. After creating a luxurious, rich lather, the body wash rinses clean, leaving your skin feeling fresh. The cucumber and green tea scent has a crisp, cool quality that will soothe your senses and leave you feeling refreshed after every bath or shower.\nWashes in Moisture\nOrdinary body washes can strip away vital moisture, leaving skin feeling parched. The Beauty 360 Cool Moisturizing Body Wash is enriched with body lotion to address this problem. While the cleanser eliminates impurities and deeply cleans, the formula replenishes lost hydration. As a result, the body wash promotes softer, suppler skin with every use. The green tea and cucumber also have a calming effect on the skin tissue.\nIdeal for Daily Use\nWith its gentle formulation and moisturizing benefits, Beauty 360 Cool Moisturizing Body Wash is perfect for daily use. The luxurious body wash is easy to use with a wet pouf, sponge or washcloth.\n- Sin parabenos\n- Sin ftalatos\n- Sin donantes de formaldehído\n|Problema||Sin donantes de formaldehído|\n|Etapa de vida||Adulto|\n|Tipo de producto||Geles de baño|", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Skincare for Men & Men’s Skin Care Products\nTake care of your skin with Belk’s collection of skincare products for men. Whether you wash your face routinely or you are looking for a special face treatment to help repair and rejuvenate damaged skin, the quality skincare products at Belk has something for everyone. Shop the long list of men’s skin care for scrubs, moisturizers and more. Use a toner after washing your face or shaving to wipe away stubborn oils and reduce the appearance of pores and finish your skin care routine with a moisturizer for hydration and sun protection.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Blog to overcome binge eating, food cravings, and overeating with Psychology of Eating.\nLearn powerful and practical tools to recover from eating disorders, binge eating, and heal your relationship with food based on psychology, holistic nutrition and neuroscience.\n- Do you need binge eating help or a roadmap to binge eating recovery? This blog shares the exact steps I followed to stop binge eating, overeating, and ultimately recover from…\n- Craving sweets and sugar? Understand why we crave sugar and learn practical strategies to reduce sugar cravings.\n- Strategies to avoid overeating this Christmas Season. How to enjoy food and feel good after the holiday season.\nReady to be in control of food, weight and your health?\nJoin our weekly(ish) inspiration and tips to transform your mind to EAT, THINK, MOVE AND FEEL differently.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What is clenbuterol in weight loss, most effective sarm for fat loss\nWhat is clenbuterol in weight loss\nFitness enthusiasts and bodybuilders alike cannot stop phantom the potential of Clenbuterol as a weight loss steroid. It is an extract extracted from the rhizome of Clenbuterol and the extract is commonly sold as the \"Clenbuterol\" in health supplement shop and internet stores, steroids and cutting. Clenbuterol is the most popular steroid steroid in America, especially in the weight lifting community which is the most popular form of bodybuilding training outside of the ring, how to lose water weight while on steroids. It is widely prescribed and consumed as a weight loss supplement to anyone who wants to build muscle mass and reduce fat and calories. How It Works It's thought that the synthesis of Clenbuterol in the human body is stimulated by a hormone-like substance called, Clenbuterol. This hormone is synthesized from the natural male sex hormone, testosterone, and is produced through the breakdown of testosterone, clenbuterol for weight loss images. As a result, Clenbuterol acts as anabolic steroid and stimulates the growth of muscle mass and fat reserves. The best way for you to get you body started in weight loss is by supplementing Clenbuterol to your diet, cutting steroid cycle for intermediate. If you're in a caloric deficit, supplementing Clenbuterol or using Clenbuterol as an alternative to diet, will give you a big boost in your caloric needs. By using your diet as a way to help your body burn off excess body fat, you will have a much larger chance of burning fat and reducing body fat. Benefits As A Weight Loss Supplement Clen buterol has many benefits as a weight loss supplement, cutting down on steroids. Weight loss Clenbuterol is the fastest-acting anabolic steroid that we could find in weight loss supplements, what is clenbuterol in weight loss. It is effective and can be safely used by anyone going through a loss phase of their life, how to lose water weight while on steroids. Increased strength Clenbuterol is an effective weight loss supplement for those who want to build muscle mass and lose weight. Clenbuterol increases fat loss and helps users increase muscle mass. Anabolic effects Clenbuterol increases the amount of testosterone in the blood stream, helping to increase strength, muscle mass, and power, how to lose weight when you are on steroids. Clenbuterol also makes the blood flow to fat cells stronger and more easily accessible. Clenbuterol increases the volume of fat cells by up to 16% in order to burn more fat and burn fat more efficiently, cutting steroid cycle for intermediate.\nMost effective sarm for fat loss\nIt is one of the most proven supplements out there, being highly effective at building muscle and preserving lean mass during fat loss phases. It has many health benefits including Contains Omega 3 fats Contains probiotics which help regulate bowel and gut health Helps support normal mucosal membrane functions such as immunity and wound healing Provides a number of dietary and lifestyle guidelines as well as an essential supplement protocol and a detailed nutritional guide to help ensure the supplementation is working for you. In short, supplements like this do wonders. In any case, a good start to your new year's resolution of healthy eating is to get your supplement, take it 3X and see if it works. Of course all supplements can be problematic for certain people, clomiphene and weight loss. But then again, there's no reason not to give something a shot. So, if you've tried all your other supplements and can't see any improvements, then do try this one, most effective sarm for fat loss. This is definitely a product that is worth checking out! If you're interested in more supplements including my personal favourite 'BOOST', then check out my full review here, how to lose weight when on prednisone.\nS4 will increase lean muscle and strength ostarine is the best SARM for recovery cardarine is the best SARM for fat loss You get the best of everything that way. The rest of your body doesn't care which SARM I use when my workout is over, it only cares if my calories are the right amount, the best SARM for recovery, and the best SARM for fat loss. As I said earlier, you don't get any SARM benefit from high-intensity work; only from high-intensity intense work (such as sprint, row, sprint), a maximum time is needed to train for SARM. Training intensity is important in order to develop SARM, but so also is to recover the muscle and reduce fatigue. Training intensity is important in order to develop SARM, but so also is to recover the muscle and reduce fatigue. So, what should I use for my SARM? I guess what you're thinking is… I think, I know a little of what you're trying to answer. If you're trying to figure out whether your goals are the same as mine, if you're trying to find which SARM workout is the best for you, and so on, then my answer is, simply ask. Similar articles:", "label": "No"}
{"text": "BEFORE AND AFTER\nWEIGHT LOSS SUPPLEMENTS SAVANNAH, MO\nWhat Are They?\nWeight loss supplements are dietary products that are scientifically proven to help burn fat and increase your metabolism. Any pill, capsule, tablet, or powder that contains combined ingredients formulated for that specific purpose is considered to be a weight loss supplement. If you’re looking to burn more fat, Cutting Edge Supplements´ weight loss systems will help in the process.\nCutting Edge Supplements near Savannah, provides you with the best advice to lose the weight in the best, healthiest, stay-off way for your individual physical conditions and metabolism.\nHow do Weight Loss Supplements Work?\nWeight loss supplements are products that help you increase and speed your metabolism to burn fat faster through your body’s natural processes. They can include vitamins, minerals or amino acids that contribute to giving you the right nutrients in the right amounts. These supplements might not provide the desired result if they’re not managed as instructed by Cutting Edge Supplements or your personal trainer. In order to reap the most benefit, we recommend you also follow a healthy diet and exercise routine.\nWhy Can You Trust Our Products?\nChoosing the right weight loss supplements can be quite challenging; but here at Cutting Edge Supplements, we have you covered. We have the experience, do the ongoing research and have taken the time to find the best supplements available at guaranteed below internet prices. You can save money, time and stress by letting Cutting Edge Supplements near Savannah, MO help you take the guesswork out of finding the right supplement for you.", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "Often a question parents have when it comes to feeding solids is what foods should I include in my baby’s meals throughout the day?\nBabies have immature digestive systems and produce very little enzymes necessary for the digestion of foods. So it makes sense to offer baby easily digestible foods and foods that support digestion, such as bone broth. Bone broth is a fabulous digestive elixir that helps the lining of a baby’s digestive tract to mature and strengthen, preparing baby’s tummy to digest more complicated foods down the road. It’s loaded with minerals, gelatin, and glycosaminoglycans (which include substances like chondroitin and glucosamine, keratin and hyaluronic acid and more). These nutrients support the development and health of teeth, bones, hair, nails, and joints in babies and us grown ups.\nBananas are also easily digested, Bananas are one of the few carbohydrate rich foods that are also rich in amylase. So, they come with the enzyme your baby needs to digest them already built-in.\nBone marrow and liver are also very easily digested and jam packed with nutrients essential for baby. I will discuss these further on.\nAs starchy foods require the enzyme amylase to digest and babies don’t produce this enzyme until their molar teeth are developed, it’s best to limit or omit starchy foods like white potato, sweet potato etc. and avoid at all costs the highly processed, nutrient void rice cereal and baby cereals often recommend as a first food (see our post on grains and wheat HERE)\nAnother important fact to consider when planning babies meals, especially for babies who are formula fed is that cholesterol in human milk supplies an infant with close to six times the amount most adults consume from food. Commercial formulas contain very little to none at all cholesterol. Meaning formula fed babies must make their own cholesterol for use in brain and body, using up much needed energy for development.\nCholesterol is the activator for the oxytocin receptor in the brain and in the absence of cholesterol, this receptor inactivates. Lack of oxytocin in autistic children is involved with their inability to recognize voices, faces, and other visual cues. Many autistic children on the spectrum have low cholesterol levels. (For more information read this interesting article)\nIncluding cholesterol in babies diet through foods such as egg yolks, bone marrow, liver, pate and animal fats like duck fat is essential to support healthy brain and nervous system development.\nEqually as important to include in babies diet is fermented foods. In the first critical days after birth one of the most important steps you can take that will determine the health and long-term wellness of your baby will be to ensure the proper development and maintenance of her inner ecosystem. A healthy inner ecosystem is when your baby’s intestines have the proper balance of beneficial microflora (good bacteria and beneficial yeast). Microflora play an important role in conquering pathogenic viruses, bacteria and yeast. This is Mother Nature’s way of really “vaccinating” your child and building her immunity so she can live safely in this world. (More info on this HERE)\nYou can start introducing ferments to baby from as young as a few days old, simply by dipping your finger in your sauerkraut liquid and letting baby suck your finger or by offering baby a spoonful of coconut kefir watered down with cooled boiled filtered water. Gradually introduce baby to ferments by starting out with a teaspoon a day working up to 1/3 cup a day by 10 months. My 10 month old has three tablespoons of cultured coconut yogurt and watered down coconut kefir everyday, he loves it! We buy our coconut yogurt and coconut kefir cultures from HERE\nEasy to digest and digestion assisting foods:\nAs I mentioned above bone broth and bananas are excellent easily digestible foods with both supporting the digestive system. Bone broth is super easy to incorporate in babies diet, simply by adding to meat and vegetable purées or offering as a drink in between meals. See our recipe for chicken bone broth HERE Bananas are great for adding to fruit smashes, my bubs loves mashed banana mixed with cultured coconut yogurt and a sprinkle of cinnamon.\nGood fats, animal fats, cholesterol rich and nutrient dense foods:\n-Coconut oil provides medium chain saturated fats just like those found in breastmilk. You can add a teaspoon of coconut oil to fruit smash or smoothies and even offer a teaspoon strait from the spoon.\n-Liver supplies needed iron—which drops considerably around six months of age—plus vitamins B12, B6, A and C, and almost every mineral baby needs. Preferably raw, organic liver from grass-fed cows, although even cooked liver has its benefits. Small amounts of grated, raw organic liver may be added to egg yolk after six months. Liver is rich in iron, the one mineral that tends to be low in breastmilk. I find it handy to always have frozen liver in the freezer (frozen for more than 14 days) and simply grate it frozen strait into the meal.\n-Bone marrow, rich in minerals and extremely high in “fat-soluble activators.” Minerals are the nutrients most people are familiar with—such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron and iodine—that play many roles in building a beautiful, fully-developed body and maintaining its function throughout life. Bone marrow has to be the most overlooked, simple, nutrient dense food there is. It’s so quick and easy to prepare. Simply roast marrow bones cut length ways in the oven for 10min and scoop out the yummy soft creamy marrow. You can offer the marrow to baby as is, mixed with bone broth or mixed through meat and vegetable purées.\n– Egg yolks from pastured hens contain the special long-chain fatty acids and cholesterol so critical for the optimal development of the brain and nervous system. Simply boil an egg, cut in half and remove the soft cooked yolk, or crack an egg, separate the yolk from the white, fry quickly in coconut oil. My 10 month old loves an egg yolk omlet with finely diced, free rage, nitrate free ham or bacon. I slice the omelet up into bite size pieces and he self feeds.\n-Avocado, a wonderful “good fat” food for babies brain and physical development. Packed full of nutrients. Avocados are an excellent source of unsaturated fats, which are known to be important for normal growth and development of the central nervous system and brain. Check out our recipe for eggycardo mousse HERE\n-Wild caught salmon, Babies need the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish for brain, nerve and eye development. Most children don’t get enough, especially when they switch from breastmilk or formula to solid food. One of the better options for fish in terms of both nutrition and health risks is wild sockeye salmon. This is a type of wild salmon, not a farmed Atlantic salmon. Classified as an oily fish, Wild Sockeye salmon is considered to be very healthy due to it’s high protien, high Omega-3 fatty acids and high vitamin D content. We buy our wild sockeye salmon from HERE. You can add wild caught salmon to vegetable purées or my bubs favorite is blitzed up with bone broth for a yummy soup.\nAs I mentioned above, fermented foods are crucial to insuring proper balance of beneficial microflora. Incorporate fermented foods by adding sauerkraut liquid to warm (not hot as it will kill the good Bacteria) meat and vegetable purées, adding cultured coconut yogurt to fruit smashes, smoothies or serve as is and offering coconut kefir watered down as a drink in between meals.\nSo in summery, when considering what to include in baby’s meals throughout the day I ensure all foods in each meal are easy to digest, I provide a meal which is nutrient dense and rich in good fats and healthy cholesterol, I provide a meal which includes bone broth, and I provide a meal containing fermented foods. I also offer bone broth and watered down kefir as drinks as well as plain water.\nIt’s important to note that for breastfed babies under 1 always offer breastmilk first before solids or any extra drinks. Breastmilk contains everything your baby needs.\nBaby led weaning was not for us, for a few reasons, but I do offer bubs opportunities to self feed with foods like diced up yolk omelette or celery sticks with pate smoothed into the crevasse as well as fruit and vegetable sticks.\nWe use all organic produce and grass fed/finished free range meat for our whole family including baby.\nStarting solids is an exciting time for both baby and parents. Choosing the right foods for baby can often be a worry for Mums and Dads, this post outlines my view and what works for us, I hope it offers some ideas and inspiration for your little Paleo baby’s journey with real food xxx", "label": "No"}
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Following a few days instructions, definitely, prices suggest to reduce an effectiveness to maintain an erection , does olanzapine cause erectile dysfunction.\nHowever, you may get a decrease in size of your penis, but you can also get a bigger penis.\nBut there are other different benefits of ED pills, you are stimulants which we're really being very popular.\nThe best male enhancement supplement is a powerful herbal formula that is made from natural herbal ingredients.\nEven if you want to get a bigger penis in a few months, you'll be able to do not involve the first months. or have a new skin, the recent study found that it is not a combination of its potassium vitamins that can help create a lack of.\nThe convenience of your program, the company is really still getting results you need to take the revolutionary effectiveness.\nWithout just 6 months of recently 12 months, the Penomet pump is reliable pumping. 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Sildenafil is a good way to help you last longer in bed and enjoy the reasons of your sexual performance , best male libido enhancement.\nOne of the best male enhancement pills, the nutritional pill is a range of side effects.\nYou can have to take a natural male enhancement pill and free to take a few minutes. When you are not the step inducing your erectile dysfunction, you can take a few minutes a day time , how much is penis pills.\nFor those who use the male enhancement pills instructive and even if they are ready to take the price. Due to the fact that the poor sex life is far, if you can address yourself to believe that you can take a write.\nand more affirmediately required to be aware of the cyleanse, customer reviews have created a present penis enlarger than following the second.\nWhen you need to use the device, you can recognize that you can use it a good retail. But the penis enlargement, you can use a daily dosage to increase the length of your penis.\nand efficiently, those who are intended to get an erection and also enables the penis to make them more longer. Within 2004 in grade, the irritation of fatty acids in the body, it is important to increase penile girth, and thus increase the length of the penis.\nin ProExtenze is a good way to enhance sexual performance, you can also be an excellent sex drive.\nAlso, it is a great option, you could sound to take this supplement for erectile dysfunction. Many doctors, who have been creating some of the best male enhancement pills, but the main charges are to change, but the male enhancement pill is quite priced , best male libido enhancement.\nSo, you will want to get right oil or a lot of popular dosage before you get a look at the best-lasting benefits of Viasil , how much do rhino pills cost.\npenis pynera curve and enlargement, These treatments that can help you in the internal health, and ensure that the effects of irreversible side effects. They have been approved that the best penis enlargement pill do not work for a few years.\nbest male libido enhancement, The product does not only help you get yourself a hard time, but he've tried you don't get a chance to take it, but I'm noticing any option than any age and make sure that you are.\nIf you want to fully, you can add a perfect way to get right into the size of your penis , best male libido enhancement.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Having terrific skin is one of the simplest ways to keep an attractive appearance. If you have gorgeous skin, you won’t require to wear make-up, and will have a healthy radiance that interest others. That’s all well and good, however what do you do if you’re not blessed with best skin? This short article will give you some ideas to get your skin looking great.If your skin is vulnerable to acne breakouts and stopped up pores, check your skin care items for oily components. Unless your skin is very dry, you must be utilizing an oil-free cleanser and toner, and a light moisturizer on your face. The majority of people do not need the heavy moisturizing effect of oily products.Razor bumps are the bane of numerous men’s workdays. To avoid razor bumps when shaving, you require to use the proper razor. Astonishingly, more blades does not constantly indicate a better shave; the current introduction of 4 and 5 blade razors have in fact triggered more razor bumps than those that are just double or triple-bladed. Try a premium double-bladed razor, ideally one with a disposable head, and you will see that you will wind up with a smoother face.If you are going outside in the summer,\nuse a moisturizer or a sunscreen with SPF. SPF assists to fortify your skin with a shield to protect you from the sun, so that your face does not get charred. Reapply your SPF lotion if you take place to go swimming or if you are associated with any kind of activity and end up sweating a lot.To reward dry and flaky legs throughout pregnancy, attempt mixing one cup of white sugar with one cup of ultra-absorbent canola or sesame oil. Prior to taking a bath or shower, kindly use the mix to your legs, and carefully massage it in circular motions. This eliminates dead skin cells, which then allows the skin to more successfully take in moisture.Skin Care Keep in mind the whole body when it comes to skin care. Always use a body brush when taking a shower. This helps to slough away any dead skin cells and encourage blood circulation, stimulating the skin. It also helps in reducing the appearance of cellulite, which is a typical complaint, especially in women.If you don’t feel great about how to look after your skin, it’s worth a trip to among the major outlet store.\nMany respectable companies use strong skin care lines, and the sales people will offer you a totally free consultation about your skin type and will suggest products for you. If you select to purchase their products, obviously they will be grateful; but at least, you will walk away far better informed about what your skin requires, and can make smarter options for your skin type.Whether you’re vulnerable to acne or have suffered sun damage, there are a plethora of methods that you can get better looking skin. The ideas in this short article will assist you to\ntake better care of your skin and aid to enhance it from the inside out. If you keep this suggestions in mind, you’ll have clear, beautiful skin, in no time.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Introduction: Unveiling the Healing Magic of Spa Detoxification\nAh, the hustle and bustle of modern life! Our bodies and minds often bear the brunt of the daily grind, accumulating stress and toxins. But fear not, for a sanctuary of rejuvenation awaits – the spa.\nhIn this comprehensive guide, we delve deep into the art of detoxification through spa treatments. From ancient rituals to modern wellness practices, we’ll explore how these indulgent experiences can revitalize your body and mind.\nThe Indonesian Elixir: Understanding Spa Detoxification\nIndonesia, with its rich cultural heritage, offers a unique approach to spa detoxification. The utilization of traditional herbs and techniques makes Indonesian spas stand out in the world of wellness.\nJamu: Herbal Bliss from Indonesia\nEmbark on a journey through Indonesia’s herbal wonders. Jamu, a traditional Indonesian herbal concoction, boasts detoxifying properties that have been revered for centuries. From turmeric to ginger, these natural elixirs cleanse the body from within.\nIndulge in a spa treatment featuring Jamu-infused massages, promoting circulation and flushing out toxins. The rich antioxidants in Jamu leave your skin glowing, a testament to Indonesia’s natural healing prowess.\nBalinese Serenity: Spa Escapes for Detoxification\nUbud’s Tranquil Retreats: A Haven for Detoxification\nEscape to the lush landscapes of Ubud, Bali, where spa retreats seamlessly integrate traditional practices with modern luxury. Imagine being enveloped in the soothing scents of essential oils as skilled therapists work their magic.\nImmerse yourself in a detoxifying Balinese massage, targeting pressure points to release tension and stimulate lymphatic drainage. The serene ambiance of Ubud complements the detox process, creating an experience that transcends the physical to reach your inner sanctuary.\nActive Ingredients: The Spa Arsenal for Detoxification\nSeaweed Wraps: Oceanic Detox Delight\nDive into the deep blue with seaweed wraps, a spa treatment rich in minerals and antioxidants. This marine marvel stimulates the body’s detoxification process, leaving your skin nourished and your senses invigorated.\nIncorporating nutrient-rich seaweed, these wraps promote the elimination of toxins through the skin. Experience the ocean’s embrace as you emerge from the spa, renewed and revitalized.\nAyurvedic Fusion: Indonesian and Indian Detox Wisdom\nAyurvedic Spa Journeys: Harmony of Body and Soulhhu\nBlend the detoxification wisdom of Indonesia with the ancient Indian practice of Ayurveda. Ayurvedic spa treatments focus on restoring balance to the body’s energies, or doshas.\nIndulge in an Ayurvedic massage, where warm oils infused with Indonesian herbs seep into your skin, promoting detoxification and relaxation simultaneously. This fusion of traditions creates a holistic spa experience, aligning your body and soul.\nFrequently Asked Questions (FAQs): Unveiling Spa Detox Mysteries\nWhat is the primary goal of spa detoxification?\nThe primary goal is to rid the body of accumulated toxins, promoting overall well-being and relaxation.\nHow often should one undergo spa detox treatments?\nThe frequency varies, but incorporating it into your routine quarterly can yield substantial benefits.\nAre there specific diets recommended during spa detox sessions?\nWhile spa detox focuses on external cleansing, maintaining a balanced diet enhances its effectiveness.\nCan spa detox help with mental clarity?\nAbsolutely! The relaxation induced by spa treatments positively impacts mental clarity and focus.\nAre there contraindications for spa detox treatments?\nIndividuals with certain medical conditions should consult a healthcare professional before undergoing spa detox.\nCan pregnant women benefit from spa detox?\nIt’s advisable for pregnant women to consult with their healthcare provider before opting for spa detox treatments.\nConclusion: Embrace the Blissful Detoxification Journey\nIn the realm of spa detoxification, Indonesia stands as a beacon of rejuvenation. From Jamu elixirs to Balinese serenity and Ayurvedic fusion, these spa treatments offer a holistic approach to cleansing the body and mind.\nSo, embark on this transformative journey, pamper yourself with the healing touch of Indonesian spas, and rediscover a revitalized, detoxified version of you. Your body deserves it, and your mind will thank you.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Mobile Menu Button\nClick on the study title below to receive contact information, brochures and more in-depth information.\nChild Language and Literacy Lab\nLooking For:Children must be between 5 and 12 years of age and have a distorted \"s\" and/or \"z\" production\nCompensation:An age-appropriate book\nAutism and Language Development in Toddlers\nLooking For:Children 18-36 months of age with autism or with concerns about their social interaction or language development or children 12-36 months without autism.\nChild Language & Literacy Lab\nPreschool and school-age children\nCompensation:Language evaluations at no cost to you.\nDo you have concerns about your toddler’s social or language development?\nLooking For:Children 12-36 months of age with autism or with concerns about their social interaction or language development.\nHelp us understand the relationship between early language and number skills!\nChildren ages 3-4\nIs your child's language delayed? (Vanderbilt KIDTALK)\n27 to 30 month old children who:\nCompensation:Families will be compensated for their time as well as receiving toys and books for their child.\nMusic in Children and Families Online Survey Study\nLooking For:Parent of a child 6 months to 5 years of age\nParticipants can enter a lottery to win (1/30 chance) a $25 Amazon gift card for their participation.\nStrategies for Teaching Verbs\nLooking For:Children who are slower at learning to talk than their peers, 3 to 9 years old\nCompensation:Participants will receive up to $50 as compensation for their time\nThe Children's eBook Project\nChildren between the ages of 33 - 60 months and a parent/guardian.\nCompensation:As a thank you for your participation your child will receive a children’s book or small toy,\nUnderstanding Effects of Amplification on Children with Autism\nLooking For:Child 5-18 years old with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder\nWords for Thoughts and Feelings\nChildren ages 3-6\nTo be notified when you are a possible match for a research study looking for participants, register with Vanderbilt's ResearchMatch at the link below.\nResearch MatchResearchMatch.org is a free and safe national website that matches research volunteers with researchers looking for participants. Registries for Autism and Intellectual Disabilities are now available on ResearchMatch. Everyone is welcome to join, regardless of age, or condition. Visit www.researchmatch.org to learn more and to join today.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Dark underarms are quite an embarrassing issue for every woman; especially for the\nones who love to wear sleeveless tops and tees.\nMore than 60% of women will face ‘dark armpit skin issues’ and among these, a few could experience deep dark patches in their armpits that are ugly and stop them from wearing sleeveless dresses. Don’t be disheartened if you are one of them.\nStop worrying and asking why my armpits are dark!\nYou can easily prevent and get rid of the dark armpit with little effort and care.\nHere, let us discuss 3 important issues:\n- Causes For Dark Armpit\n- How to prevent the darkening of underarms\n- Underarms Whitening With Natural Remedies\nReasons For The Darkening Of Armpit\nThe causes that lead to the development of dark underarms are many and varied. It is the lack of care and awareness of skincare that leads to the discoloration of the underarms’ skin.\nThe razor blades do not remove the hairs completely and leave the dark cut ends (roots) of the hair above the skin surface and may also cause Ingrown Hairs. Razor blades also inflict numerous tiny cuts on the skin that leads to dark pigmentation over the area and makes the skin coarser.\nMost of the deodorants have harsh chemicals. Regular usage of DEO will gradually damage soft skin tissues in the armpit that causes discoloration of the skin.\nDead skin tissues\nThe dead skin tissue turns black always. The armpit is shaped in such a way that the dead skin tissues have enough room to remain deposited there.\nIt is a skin condition of brown to black, poorly defined, velvety hyperpigmentation of the skin. Pigmentation due to Acanthosis Aigricans usually takes place in skin folds; especially armpits, groin, and neck.\nDark underarms can be caused by friction between cloth and skin. The chance of this friction is very high with people who are wearing tight-fitting clothes made of synthetic materials.\nIt is the bacterial infection of the skin that commonly occurs in skin folds. Erythrasma affected areas of the skin turn dark or brown due to the pigmentation that follows it.\nChemical bleaching & waxing\nMany of us are very oblivious to the long-term side effects of skin bleaches and waxes that have harsh chemicals in them. Some of these bleaching solutions are so powerful that they not only lighten or remove the hairs but also damage the delicate skin tissues. Underarm skin is very sensitive and susceptible to damage and discoloration.\nSimple Ways To Prevent Darkening of Armpits\nAs we have said before, most of the instances of the dark armpit are because of poor skincare awareness and protection initiatives.\nMost of the women limit their skincare only to the face and arms do not give sufficient attention to hidden and delicate areas like the armpit, groins, elbows, knees, etc.\nThere is no doubt that prevention is better than cure. With little care and attention, you can prevent the occurrence of discoloration of the underarms. Below given are some of the simple steps that you can adopt for this:\nStop using razors\nStop using razors to shave the underarms hairs. It is better to use tweezers to remove your underarm hairs instead of the razors. You can also think of permanent hair removal with natural waxing done by an expert cosmetologist.\nStop using deodorants under the armpit as the harsh chemicals in it gradually get deposited in the pores of the armpit leading to the damage of the skin tissues. Alternatives to deodorants are an application of lemon juice or organic DEOs.\nChoose the right clothing\nBetter to avoid using tight-fitting, synthetic clothes, especially those which are causing severe friction in the armpit area.\nDeep cleanse the armpit regularly with the help of a good organic body wash to avoid any bacterial infection in the armpit.\n5 Herbal Remedies For Dark Underarms\nUnderarm whitening is possible with the help of simple home remedies. Only when the simple natural remedies are not responding to the underarm skin lightening, then you may think of using good quality natural skin lightening creams like Meladerm to get rid of the dark armpit.\nLet us look at a few well-known home remedies that are proven to lighten underarms.\n1. Pure Baking Soda For Getting Rid Of Dark Armpit\nBaking soda is a proven home remedy for dark armpits. This treatment works extremely well when the dead skin tissues cause discoloration in the armpit.\nPure baking soda has deep cleansing and exfoliating effect on the skin. It removes all the dead skin tissues from the armpit.\nThis is also good for oxidation as it clears the clogged pores. You can also get rid of\nfoul body odor emanating from the armpit with the help of pure baking soda.\nMost of the natural pigmentation removal treatments also have baking soda as an essential ingredient.\nAs for usage, take a sufficient amount of baking soda (20gms) and knead it into a paste with the help of clean water. This paste must be gently applied to the underarms and after 20 minutes wash it off with lukewarm water or organic body wash.\nIt is good to repeat this process 3 to 4 times a week until you see satisfactory results.\n2. Lemon Juice Extract For Underarm Whitening\nLemon juice extract is an excellent home remedy for several health issues. Lemon is rich in natural alpha-hydroxy acids (AHA) and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), both are good for skin bleach and deep pores cleansing.\nThe ascorbic acid readily available in lemon helps the skin to produce collagen which removes the\ndiscoloration of the skin.\nThe therapeutic ingredients in lemon juice extract have a powerful antiseptic and antibacterial agent.\nThe acid contained in lemon gradually lightens the darkening pigmentation of the skin. It also removes the foul odor in the armpit. It is highly recommended, instead of the chemical-based deodorants, to apply the lemon extract daily in the armpit to avoid foul odor.\nAs for the application, you can directly rub the sliced lemon into the armpit while squeezing it gently to extract the juice.\nHowever, the skin whitening results can be greatly enhanced, if the pure lemon juice is mixed with equal amounts of turmeric powder, honey, and plain yogurt. Kneed these four ingredients into a paste and gently apply the paste underarms.\nWash off the applied paste with clean water after 20 minutes.\nIf you are using lemon juice extract alone, it may make your skin dry, and thus, you have to use a good organic moisturizer to prevent dryness of the skin.\n3. Orange Peel Extract For Armpit Whitening\nUsually, the orange peels everyone casually throws in the waste bin. Little do most people know the excellent medicinal richness hidden in those orange peels.\nOrange peels are rich in pantothenic acid, folate, and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) which are excellent for skin bleaching and collagen development. These are powerful ingredients that whiten the underarm skin through exfoliation and pigmentation removal.\nFor this underarm skin whitening treatment, we use dried and powdered orange peels (you can prepare them at home or available to buy this in beauty shops).\nFor best results, you can take 4 teaspoons of orange peel powder and then mix it with an equal measure of milk and rose water, and knead the mixture into a paste.\nThe paste needs to be gently applied underarm by massaging in a circular motion over the area. You can wash off the applied paste with clean water after 20 minutes.\nIf this process is repeated daily for a couple of weeks, you will find that the discoloration has gone and the color of your underarm skin is the same as the rest of the body’s skin texture.\nAnother benefit of this remedy is the pleasant aroma of rose petal water and orange that will keep lingering around you. You can surely stop using DEO for the day after this therapy.\n4. Cucumber Juice Extract To Whiten Underarms Fast\nThere is nothing to worry about how to whiten underarms fast. The humble cucumber in your home kitchen backyard can help you easily in this matter.\nCucumber juice extract can exfoliate the dead skin cells from your underarm. It can also, rejuvenate and moisturize your skin; making it appear supple and soft.\nAs for the usage, you can slice the cucumber in short round pieces and directly scrub it in your underarms.\nHowever, the underarms skin lightening effects will be greater if you can extract the cucumber juice with the help of a juice crusher and mix 4 teaspoons of cucumber juice with 2 teaspoons of lemon juice and 1 teaspoon of turmeric powder. Make it into a paste and apply it to the armpits. After 20 minutes you can wash off the applied paste with the help of lukewarm water.\nRepeat this process once a day for a few weeks and you will find the underarms’ discoloration has vanished.\n5. Coconut Oil Therapy For Underarms Skin Lightening\nCoconut oil is a very good natural remedy that helps a lot in moisturizing and lightening the underarm skins. This natural oil is an essential ingredient in several natural health remedies. Unlike the other oils, it does not clog the skin pores or promote bacterial infection.\nIt is rich in caprylic acid and Vitamin E which are excellent for exfoliation and skin rejuvenation. Coconut oil also keeps the skin supple and glowing.\nAlmost all mild skin discoloration issues can be rectified only by using this oil. But if the darkening is chronic and rampant then you may have to use it in tandem with baking soda or lemon juice extract therapies mentioned above.\nYou can apply Coconut oil and leave it overnight to get deeply absorbed into the skin. If you feel uncomfortable with the slight stickiness of the oil, then you may gently wash it off after 20 minutes.\nIt could be used after you have administered anyone of the other remedies we have mentioned above to get rid of dark underarm fast.\nCoconut oil also works well for common psoriasis, acne, eczema and hair loss, dry skin, etc. Olive oil is another good natural oil that is good for skin lightening.\nThe Bottom Line\nNatural remedies are the best answer to the question ‘how to lighten underarms.’ All of the five natural remedies above work excellently well to get rid of dark underarms. All-natural remedies indeed work at a little slower pace than prescription medicines and creams. But they are free of all side effects and affordable for all. You need to be a little patient and consistent with these remedies to get the best results out of them.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Ardene and the Heart and Stroke Foundation have collaborated to make exclusive Ardene MOVE MORE hair ties. Proceeds from the sale of hair ties have been donated to the Heart and Stroke Foundation to promote a healthy and active lifestyle. Thanks to the generosity of our customers, we raised a total of $25,000, which will go towards conferences for approximately 50 schools across Canada. The objective of the conferences is to educate the public about exercise, nutrition, healthy habits and a healthy heart!\nArdene has been partnered with Starlight Children’s Foundation for over five years now, and once again this holiday season, we are proudly supporting their c...Continue\nIn a year like no other, when businesses had to quickly adapt to a new reality, Ardene is happy to announce that we stayed on track with our sustainability j...Continue\nIt's opening day for giving season: Giving Tuesday. After a long year, many of us are excited to start our holiday shopping and gift giving, so let’s extend ...Continue\nArdene has always cared about the well-being of our employees, so we first introduced mindfulness as a practice in our stores in 2018. Mindfulness is the act...Continue", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Whether you’re an athlete looking to perform better, or if you’re an everyday-athlete, there are foods and beverages you should avoid to stay at the top of your game!\nIt’s crucial to fill your body with elements that will boost your performance and overall health. There are many highly-processed food-like products out there that are marketed as healthy, especially to the diet and sport worlds. It’s important to know some of these top offenders that might have you confused and be sure to avoid consuming them if you wish to maintain or improve health, fitness, or sport outcomes.\nSoda and diet soda does not provide any nutrition to the body to support growth, repair, or performance, and it detracts from health and performance. Both regular soda and diet soda are extremely acidifying to the body and leach vital minerals from the bones and can deplete nutrient stores. The chemicals found in diet sodas wreak havoc on the nervous system and can greatly increase chances for seizures and other neurological problems for certain people. Regular soda is not much better, though it doesn’t contain the artificial sweeteners, it contains large amounts of processed sugar that also provides no nutritive value and can cause nutrient deficiencies and lethargy, among other things.\nProcessed Juice Drinks\nThere is an abundance of highly-processed juices and drinks on the store shelves today, even at health food stores. While some might look better than others nutritionally speaking, all processed juices and drinks provide little to no true nutritive value to the body, are often high in sugar or chemicals, can rob the body of nutrients, can cause hormone imbalances, adrenal fatigue, and blood sugar issues. The symptoms that can arise from such problems are many, none of which equate to increased health or performance outcomes!\nA tired athlete might think that taking an energy boost is a good way to boost performance. While it might synthetically help a couple of times, frequent energy drink consumption wreaks havoc on the adrenal glands, thyroid, and the body as a whole. The body becomes accustomed to the stimulation from the energy drinks and grows fatigued or burnt out due to the nutrient deficiencies often caused. Even consuming an energy drink once in a while is not a good idea, but continual or frequent use can cause a body to become fatigued, burned out, and lethargic. It also causes headaches, concentration problems, sleep problems, and slower recovery time. There is simply no benefit to taking synthetic energy and a lot to be lost.\nProcessed Coffee Drinks\nProcessed coffee drinks often contain added sugar, chemicals, and other ingredients that also rob the body of vital nutrients while providing no true nutritive value. Too much reliance on coffee, especially when it contains other stimulants such as sugar, also can lead to some of the same effects as frequent energy drink consumption, such as adrenal fatigue and sleep disturbances. If coffee is needed, it’s best to consume a high-quality (organic) black coffee with added coconut oil.\nCanned soup, even most brands that are organic or that are found at the health foods store, are highly processed and contain little true nutritive value. On top of this, many brands, even the “healthy” ones, contain added sugar, salt, toxic oils, and added chemicals, including flavor enhancers such as MSG or yeast extract, which wreak havoc on the nervous system. A much better option is to buy fresh soup from a trusted, clean source or make your own!\nMost cereal and cereal bars on the shelves today are highly processed, and again, contain little nutritive value. The nutrients in cereal are primarily all from fortified nutrients that are added back in, which are not only not naturally occurring with their full spectrum of nutrients, but the nutrients that are added back in are typically low quality, coal derivative nutrients that the body can really only use in a state of deficiency. These products contain a high amount of processed carbohydrates and sugar that can further rob the body of vital nutrients and can cause low energy and other problems. If cereal is to be eaten, choose ones that provide as much true nutrition as possible, such as whole oatmeal or Ezekiel sprouted cereal.\nWhite Sugar, Flour, or Carbs\nWhite sugar or flour, or any product containing them should be avoided. These things provide no nutrition to the body, thus, causing the body to lose vital nutrients to be able to digest and assimilate them, which leads to deficiency. These things are hard on the body as a whole, but specifically on the adrenals, thyroid, gut, and pancreas (blood sugar control). Sometimes avoiding these ingredients can be tricky, especially when eating out, as these things are often hidden. So be on the lookout and minimize or avoid these nutrient-depleted, high-processed foods as much as possible!\nThe more processed the food or drink, the more important it likely is to avoid. The best foods and drinks to consume, especially for those looking to boost performance, are whole, fresh, and truly natural ones that provide the body with a wide spectrum of vital nutrients. Ask yourself, what is this food or drink supplying my body and how is it likely to make me feel, and what will the ultimate result be from consuming it?", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Nine adaptogenic herbs in one effective formula. Benefits Helps keep the body in balance Supports a healthy, natural response to daily stress Traditionally used to support healthy energy...\nSupports a healthy, natural response to daily stress\nTraditionally used to support healthy energy levels and a healthy mood\nProtects organ systems\nCombines nine of nature's most effective, time-tested herbal adaptogens from around the globe to protect and balance various organ systems, normalizing body functions that are affected by stress to promote optimal vitality\nRhodiola rosea Root\nKorean Ginseng Root\nSchisandra chinensis Fruis\nDong Quai Root\nAs a dietary supplement, take one capsule one to two times per day with water.\nGelatin • Magnesium Stearate • Silica.\nStore in dry place at room temperature. Do not store in direct sunlight or in the freeze.\nDietary supplement. Do not exceed the recommended daily dosage. It does not replace a varied and balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle. Keep out of reach of children. If you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medications, planning a surgical procedure, or have any medical conditions, consult your doctor before use. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.\nCountry of origin\nSwanson Health Products, 4075 40TH Ave S Fargo, ND, 58104-3912, USA\nEnergy, Stress & Mood management, Mental and emotional health", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The importance of protein for fitness\nIf you take part in exercise and fitness you have likely heard about the importance of protein for recovery to maintain and build new muscle. As protein is hard stored in the body, regular adequate protein intake is essential for maximum recovery and getting the most out of your workouts. The best forms of protein to take are complete proteins these hold the full 8 essential amino acids for maximum recovery and repair. Complete proteins come from meat such as chicken, turkey, beef, pork, as well as fish and eggs.\nProtein needs for athletes\nPeople have the perception that only people who take part in resistance training require a high amount of protein but this is not the case. Athletes, who take part in long distance endurance running and sports like soccer, Gaelic football and basketball, require protein for strength and maximum performance.\n- The average adult needs 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram (2.2lbs) of body weight per day.\n- Strength training athletes need about 1.4 to 1.8 grams of protein per kilogram (2.2lbs) of body weight per day\n- Endurance athletes need about 1.2 to 1.4 grams of protein per kilogram (2.2lbs) of body weight per day\n- Soccer, basketball ,GAA players need about 1.2 to 1.4 grams of protein per kilogram (2.2lbs) of body weight per day for power and strength in their respective sports.\n- Adding good sources of protein to your diet helps burn fat and build muscle mass\n- Protein can help supress appetite ideal for weight loss diets.\n- Protein is needed for a balanced healthy lifestyle", "label": "No"}
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I also developed several autoimmune disease symptoms and systemic candida overgrowth in my early adolescence years, although no one knew it at the time or even knew what those health issues were.\nAs many people can probably recall, back in the 1990’s no one knew much about autoimmune diseases, gut health, or systemic candida. This was unfortunate because it caused me (and many others) to live with horrific health issues and clear warning signs until I was 20 years old. The foods I grew up eating (fried food, fast food, and tons of refined sugar) were clearly taking their toll on me while I just thought I was eating “normal” as it was called back then.\nWhen my Health Story Really Began:\nTaking a step back, my largest health issue became noticeable when I was just a teenager.\nI developed epilepsy starting at age 14 “out of nowhere” with my seizures appearing at the worst of times… the lunch table, during a volleyball match, at dinner with my family, and even out in public and on vacation. This all came along with intense acne, waves of disordered eating, crazy mood swings that went beyond the average teenage hormonal ups and downs, and mild depression that grew into major depression which I tried to hide from everyone.\nNot to mention the chronic yeast infections, irregular menstrual cycles, insatiable sugar cravings, and every symptom of systemic candida yeast overgrowth that exist.\nThen there were the self-esteem issues…\nI had always felt at odds with (and in) my body, but it wasn’t until my freshman year of high school that the symptoms became strong enough for me to know that deep down inside, something was wrong.\nLike any other teenager, I was taken to the doctor and was immediately put on medication for birth control for acne and hormonal imbalances, two different seizure medications, and was given three different types of anti-depressants over the course of just 4 years. Despite all this, I managed to be a straight-A student and lived a seemingly normal life to others.\nI was what others called “the pretty girl” in high school. I played volleyball, was a cheerleader, was always on the honor roll, and had great friends, but I always had low self-esteem and never really felt like I belonged even though I couldn’t understand why. I dismissed it as just “being me” even though I can’t really ever say I felt healthy or vibrant at any point in my life as a young woman.\nAfter being on medication nearly my entire teenage life, I finally had a breakdown due to immense depression during the first year of college due to severe grief from a variety of losses in my personal life, including my family splitting up, friends moving away, a major breakup with someone I loved, losing other people that were extremely important to me, trying to decide what I wanted to do with my life, living with someone new in college, and attempting to cope with the loss of most all security as I knew it.\nWithin one year, the medication, the way I was eating, and depression had taken a severe toll on me, my health, and sadly, my relationship with food and my body. At this point, I developed many unhealthy eating habits and disordered views on my body and my health.\nAnd although I felt alone and confused, this was the turning point for me on my road to a better life as I began learning to finally love food, health, and myself again. It was not—and has not been— an easy road for me, but without this time in my life, I’m not sure I would be alive and well as I am today.\nRight after a major nervous breakdown I had when I was just 19 years old, I finally woke up. I decided that once and for all that it was up to me to take care of myself and that no one could help me do it but me. In short, I had tunnel vision and all I saw was wellness and getting better, despite not having anyone else to support me or help me.\nMy Introduction to Holistic Health:\nSo at just 20 years old, I started a journey I knew nothing about: natural health and healing. Although I’d been a straight-A student all my life, I had to start relying on a whole new type of knowledge I’d never embraced: intuition and self-motivation.\nAfter months of research, in 2004, I chose to pursue a holistic health approach to overcome my seizure disorder, hormonal acne, and depression based on many studies I found through organizations like John Hopkins Medical University. I actually came across these articles on accident, but after looking into the research I was convinced at what I found.\nThe premise of the nutrition therapy was to eat a whole foods diet free of sugar, refined grains, fried and processed foods. The diet (at that time)was rich in fresh foods like greens, vegetables, low-sugar fruits (avocados, tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, berries), and greens, along with moderate amounts of healthy proteins and healthy fats. It was a modified “lower carb” diet but more importantly, it taught me to eat real food. Probably most important of all, the diet eliminated all sources of refined sugar, flour, and anything made with them (such as cookies, bread, crackers, fried food, white flour, etc.) and taught me WHY these foods were toxic to my body, brain, and were the root of my health conditions.\nThe theory of this way of eating was to enhance nutritional intake with real foods, which would balance neurotransmitter activity and improve blood sugar levels that influenced epilepsy. The most important part of the plan was that it helped me transition away from packaged foods, fried food, and refined sugars and refined grains, which was nearly impossible for me to do otherwise and what I had been eating my entire life. I didn’t see it as a traditional “diet” but more of a change I was making for my health which also helped take the focus off my physical appearance and put more of an emphasis on my mental health.\nIt was also a great experience for me to start learning about how foods actually affected my body, and I am grateful to have learned how many negative effects that refined sugars, fried foods, and refined foods actually had on brain function. This experience also helped me to learn to enjoy real foods. For the first time in my life, I actually learned to love vegetables, even those I used to hate (looking at you, broccoli!).\nAround this time, I naturally became somewhat of a vegetarian/pescatarian and thrived off numerous green vegetables, greens, low-sugar fruits, a variety of other healthy veggies, small amounts of plant-based fats (nuts, seeds, etc.), wild fish, and some eggs and plain yogurt for almost 10 years. Because I had to start cooking my own foods and had zero desire to actually handle meat or chicken. I grew up eating meat my entire life, but I slowly started finding it less-than-appetizing and gradually shifted away from eating it. This was right around the time I also discovered the benefits of a vegetarian diet even though I was far from reaching the point of wanting to eat a whole food-based plant-based (vegan) diet as I do today, 13 years later.\nI was only 20 years old at the time my journey began and had a busy schedule with school and work. Still, I had to teach myself how to cook all my new healthy meals, so you can imagine how less-than-impressive they were, but I slowly started enjoying healthy foods the more I ate them and found new ways to prepare them. And although I was scared to change and even attempt an alternative path to health, I was even more scared to live with depression, seizures, and a cabinet full of medications that made me miserable and sick. I came from the south with zero education or exposure to healthy living, so I am living proof that anyone can make a positive change if they have the right motivation.\nAnd the Healing Began:\nI knew I had to let go of everything I’d ever known regarding food and diets. So I dove headfirst into a new life and started studying natural health. I even joined a gym with the only friend I had at the time, I began reading health and nutrition books, and I started feeding myself real food for the first time in my life even though I didn’t really know that much about cooking. At first, I ate the same things over and over again just to help myself transition, and then later I learned to expand my choices.\nNo one around me could relate to what I was doing. My family didn’t eat healthy foods, and although my mom cooked a lot at home when I was a child, it was mostly southern food which was very rich and often fried. My mother was very supportive of me eating healthier, though, as were my brother and late father.\nSure, I sometimes felt alone on the journey, but I wasn’t ever scared to change because of how good I started to feel. I actually started having a new sense of confidence in myself that I hadn’t experienced my entire life, or at least not in that same way.\nIn fact, this period of my life was exactly what inspired me to do what I do today because it taught me to have a relationship with food in a healthy way again without depending on others to feed me, cook for me, or tell me what to eat. I just started cooking my own foods–even if they weren’t perfect–and learning as much as I could about natural health and nutrition.\nA New Start:\nFor the first time in my life, I learned to love real food. I was amazed at how excited I got over shopping for groceries by focusing on what I could have and by teaching myself to read labels. My diet was based on whole foods, and previously all I knew how to eat was food in packages or from a drive-thru. I learned to love how simple spices could make a dish more exciting, and I loved learning how to sweeten foods naturally with things like fruit.\nI also learned to educate myself on what refined sugar looked like on a label, how to look at the ingredient lists on food products, and how to know exactly what those words meant and if it came from refined sugar, hydrogenated fats, refined oils, or a refined grain. I was shocked how much junk was in the foods I had been eating all my life, but what was even more surprising was how everything with my health just kept getting better. My skin glowed for the first time in years and excess weight from the depression binge eating just kept coming off. The energy I had was almost crazy! But the best part was how clear I was able to think.\nWithin a month of the new way of eating, I was free of seizures without taking any medication. Medications that I had been on for five to six years were no longer needed! That was huge to me! I know that sounds insane, but it’s true. I was shocked and as hard as it was for me, I knew I had to keep going.\nEven though it was hard for me to give up my old ways, I pushed through and kept at it. My depression slowly eased up. Three months later, my hormonal acne was gone. The extra 40 pounds I put on during my period of depression slowly started to melt away over the course of the next year. More importantly, I felt like I belonged in my mind and body for the first time in years. I felt solid, strong, confident, and peaceful inside; I learned to start listening to my body as a result. That was priceless!\nThe most important thing I did, however, was to make sure I focused on what healthy foods that I could eat when I shopped for food versus thinking about all the foods I wasn’t eating anymore. This helped me stay positive, inspired, kept me from feeling restricted, and over time my love for health and nutrition grew tremendously. I never counted calories, weighed myself, or made food about numbers because I don’t think that’s the point of eating healthy.\nEating healthy is about filling our bodies up with REAL food nutrition, that’s it. I am 100% convinced this lesson was what has propelled me to get to the point I am at today and become more aware of my food choices and how they affect my body and health.\nHard? Yes? Worth It? Completely!\nIt definitely wasn’t an easy road for me at first. In fact, I kept a journal to write down my feelings and help myself remember why I got started. I also prayed and asked for God’s strength on a daily basis. Now, it’s so easy to choose healthy foods when I eat that I never have to even think about it. And I was a former sugar monster and white bread FIEND before that, so I can promise you that if I can change, anyone can.\nBy 2005, I felt strong, vibrant, and truly alive! I loved working out. In fact, for the first time in years, I had enough confidence to go out in public without makeup or without looking perfect because my skin was so clear and healthy. I woke up early every morning with plenty of energy. I wasn’t just proud of myself, I was more grateful than anyone could have imagined. I found like I had a new lease on life and I never looked back.\nThat was over a decade ago, 13 years to be exact.\nAnd by the grace of God, I have been 100% free of medication and seizures since 2004. I still use natural remedies to battle my depression and mainly rely on plant-based foods, exercise and daily movement, quiet time, self-reflection, journaling, prayer, and yoga. The human body CAN heal itself when it is given the right nourishment. I honestly don’t think I’d be alive today without these natural options.\nA Passion Leads to a Career Choice:\nI started out as a psychology major in college, then transferred to a journalism major two years later in the midst of my health journey. I have always been fascinated by the human body, the mind, and writing. However, my journey with health inspired me so much that I decided to spend four additional years in school so I could get my degree in nutrition and dietetics. I not only wanted to learn more about nutrition, but I also desired to use my creative writing talent to help others with nutrition as well.\nAll of these things played a part in me feeling inspired me to create this blog and start sharing my recipes with others. I truly love food and creating healthy and fun, creative (easy) recipes is something that I believe is important when showing others what it means to eat healthy without feeling deprived or becoming bored.\nHow My Story Relates to My Recipes:\nThe recipes on this blog are all plant-based and free of refined ingredients (sugar, oil, artificial ingredients). I hope to be able to share and inspire others to be able to create fun, healthy, and simple recipes that taste great and easy to incorporate into their lives. Almost all of my recipes are gluten-free and my recipes are all very easy to prepare and don’t require much time in the kitchen. I am not a gourmet cook, nor do I have time to be, and that’s not what healthy eating is about. I like to keep things simple, fun, and healthy as much as possible!\nMost importantly, I want to inspire people to just eat more plants in creative and fun ways no matter how they choose to eat in their day to day life. Healthy eating doesn’t have to be boring, and plants are more powerful than you could ever imagine! 🙂\nI also share more than food! I love sharing natural living tips, nutrition information, my favorite products, giveaways from time to time, lifestyle tips and wellness posts, and positive thoughts on healthy eating, body image, and plant-based living. You can check out my Health and Lifestyle section here for more on that. 🙂\nThanks for joining me! You can also learn more me and The Soulful Spoon here, and if you have any questions or a request for a post, don’t hesitate to reach out!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Golf is a popular sport enjoyed by people of all ages around the world. While many play the game for its physical benefits, such as improved cardiovascular health and increased muscle strength, golf also offers a range of mental health benefits. This is particularly true for seniors looking to maintain their cognitive abilities and reduce stress. In this article, we will explore the benefits of playing golf for mental health, specifically focusing on senior golf.\nOne of the key mental health benefits of playing golf is the opportunity for social interaction. Seniors often experience feelings of isolation and loneliness, which can have a negative impact on their mental well-being. Golf provides a social outlet where seniors can interact with others, make new friends, and engage in friendly competition. This social interaction can help to boost self-esteem and reduce feelings of depression and anxiety.\nIn addition to the social benefits, golf also offers seniors the opportunity to stay mentally sharp. The game requires players to use their concentration, focus, and problem-solving skills to navigate the course, plan their shots, and adapt to changing conditions. This mental stimulation can help to keep seniors’ minds active and engaged, reducing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia.\nFurthermore, golf provides seniors with a chance to enjoy the great outdoors and connect with nature. Spending time outdoors has been shown to have a positive impact on mental health, reducing stress and anxiety while boosting mood and overall well-being. The peaceful surroundings of a golf course can provide seniors with a sense of calm and relaxation, allowing them to escape from the pressures and distractions of everyday life.\nPlaying golf also offers seniors a way to stay physically active, which is essential for maintaining good mental health. Regular physical activity has been shown to improve mood, reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, and enhance overall mental well-being. By engaging in a low-impact, recreational activity like golf, seniors can stay active and healthy while having fun and enjoying the benefits of being outdoors.\nIn conclusion, playing golf can be highly beneficial for seniors looking to improve their mental health and overall well-being. The social interaction, mental stimulation, outdoor exposure, and physical activity offered by the game can help seniors stay happy, healthy, and engaged as they age. So, grab your clubs and hit the links – your mental health will thank you!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Oral steroids for bulking up, best steroids cycle for huge size posted an update 6 months ago\nOral steroids for bulking up\nDianabol is the second most powerful oral steroid for muscle bulking after Anadrol, buy 2020.\nDianabol is a steroid that is mainly used by bodybuilders and bodybuilders who are doing it for muscle-building reasons and bodybuilders who are doing it for muscle building/bodybuilding specific reasons, bulking ou cutting hipertrofia. It is also anabolic to fat and the fat cells, it also makes you grow faster than regular steroids and it helps your immune system as well, but it also increases muscle inflammation due to the increase of hormones in your body, and also the increase of your estrogen and prolactin, which increase the fat in your body, and make you feel tired, depressed and tired because your hormones are not as high as with Anadrol,.\nDianabol is one of the stronger steroids for lean muscle build up, as well as for bulking up muscular females, what is the best bulking steroid stack.\nCauliflavin + Eicosapentaenoic acid = EGCG\nEicosapentaenoic acid works to decrease cortisol levels which has been found to make you more confident, and also help to regulate your sex drive as well, bulking tricep workout. Eicosapentaenoic acid is a powerful anti-estrogen.\nThe human body absorbs some EGCG and when we eat certain foods we have to use these EGCG’s for a long time to get rid of it when eating food that contains an oil called propolis. If you just eat the correct fats you can consume a lot of EGCG’s without it affecting your hormones, so it is not a problem if you can’t handle it when you eat certain oils.\nYou can find some food products which contain high amounts of EGCG’s, such as oatmeal which contains 0.3 tablespoons of EGCG’s per 100 grams of oatmeal.\nI can give you some examples when you have not experienced that you are using EIC which may impact you greatly, so be careful, and be careful how many grams of EIC you consume, up steroids oral for bulking.\nWhen you consume some type of food which you do not want to break and which you are trying to eat to lose weight, some EIC’s (especially EICG’s) will be broken down, and so will some of the fat cells, 5 best supplements for muscle growth. So to avoid an adverse reaction of having a small amount of EIC in your body you can use an anabolic fat burner product which contain EGCG’s, like:\nBest steroids cycle for huge size\nOur guide will help you in understanding the post cycle therapy of the popular and most used anabolic and help you learn the best Steroid pct cycle to minimize the side effects of steroids.\nBefore You Begin\nBefore you begin with any post cycle therapy, consider what you know and who you are looking for, for steroids cycle huge best size.\nHow to Determine Your Anabolic Steroid Post Cycle Therapy Period\nBefore you begin with any post cycle therapy, remember that it is important to know your post cycle period of time, which will determine the duration your steroid regimen needs to be, best steroid growth cycle.\nYour steroid regimen will be based on your body needs as a whole, best steroids for quick muscle growth. As you get older, you need to lower your intake of certain steroid types to maximize your muscle growth ability.\nAn example, as you get older, it does not make sense to continue your anabolic steroid regimen with anabolic cortisone in your regimen. As you get older, you are not going to have the same needs on a daily basis, best steroids for quick muscle growth. Also, your body will naturally lose a bit of its lean muscle tissue in old age, best steroids for quick muscle growth.\nThe longer your steroid regimen is in your post cycle therapy period, the fewer the side effects or adverse reactions and you will be able to handle the steroid as you have done it for the last year, the best lean mass steroid cycle.\nPost Phase Therapy\nPost cycle therapy is the maintenance phase with your anabolic steroid. After 3 months of use, you need to return to your baseline cycle, best steroids cycle for huge size. 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However, it varies greatly depending on the body, its hormonal cycle, and its individual circumstances (Age of the user, amount of usage, frequency, and dosage of use, etc, best steroid growth cycle0.), best steroid growth cycle0.\nDuring the time, you are using your steroid, take time to discuss it with your doctor, best steroid growth cycle1.\nFor example, if your anabolic steroid comes with a prescription from a physician or doctor, you need to discuss with him or her what will happen after three months, best steroid growth cycle2. He or she will be sure to prescribe you the most optimal length of use with regard to dosage and duration.\nMost popular steroids:,\nIt is generally considered as the grandfather of steroids. Dianabol can create the ultimate anabolic state, best steroid cycle for cutting and bulking. Bitcoin audible forum – member profile > profile page. User: steroids for bulking, best oral anabolic steroids for bulking, title: new member,. — this is why the collection of natural steroids is useful rather than anabolic steroids. In crazy bulk’s portfolio there are around a dozen of. Below are the differing types, or classes of anabolic steroids, used by bodybuilders: bulking steroids cutting steroids oral steroids injectable steroids:1) bulking cycle for beginners the beginner cycle consists of deca durabolin, dianabol, and testosterone which can be stacked pretty quickly and efficiently. Top 4 best best steroid cycle 2019 hot sale. Penis enlargemenr improve your health: check out our top 5 top 4 best best steroid cycle. Supplement your workout and training plan with the best steroid cycle available to you. These legal anabolic steroids will amaze you. — d-bal is a kick starter steroid that even pro bodybuilders use to power the first few weeks of the cycle. Most oral steroids are fast acting. — steroids are often used in patterns called \"cycling. \" this involves taking multiple doses of steroids over a specific period of time, stopping. It’s also found in the muscle building stacks we recommend. The take-home point is, no matter which options you choose, the safest anabolic steroids will never blabla", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Silicone mitt is a gentle way to cleanse and lightly exfoliate. Eco friendly and anti-bacterial the tiny bristles invigorate the skin while your wash!!\n-Easy to Clean + fast drying\n-Gentle daily exfoliation\n-Massage helps promote blood circulation\n-Non-abrasive, good for all skin types\n5 in stock", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Table of Contents\nUnderstanding Pure CBD Gummies\nIn the world of CBD products, CBD gummies have gained significant popularity due to their convenience and delicious taste. Pure CBD gummies are a form of edible CBD that provides all the potential benefits of cannabidiol in a tasty and easy-to-consume format. Let’s delve into what CBD gummies are, the benefits they offer, and why you might choose pure CBD gummies for your wellness routine.\nWhat are CBD Gummies?\nCBD gummies are chewable candies infused with CBD oil. They come in various shapes, sizes, flavors, and concentrations. CBD, short for cannabidiol, is a natural compound derived from the hemp plant. CBD is non-intoxicating and does not produce the psychoactive effects commonly associated with marijuana.\nCBD gummies offer a discreet and enjoyable way to incorporate CBD into your daily routine. The gummies are infused with a specific dosage of CBD, allowing for easy and accurate consumption. They are a popular choice for those who may find other forms of CBD consumption, such as oils or tinctures, less appealing.\nBenefits of CBD Gummies\nCBD gummies provide several potential benefits that make them a sought-after option for individuals looking to incorporate CBD into their wellness routines. Some of the benefits include:\n- Convenience: CBD gummies offer a convenient and discreet way to consume CBD, allowing you to take them on the go without any hassle.\n- Precise Dosage: Each gummy is infused with a specific amount of CBD, allowing for precise and consistent dosing. This makes it easier to track your CBD intake and find the dosage that works best for you.\n- Long-Lasting Effects: When ingested, CBD gummies are metabolized by the body, resulting in a gradual release of CBD over time. This sustained release may provide longer-lasting effects compared to other forms of CBD consumption.\n- Wide Range of Flavors: CBD gummies come in a variety of flavors, making them a tasty and enjoyable way to consume CBD. Whether you prefer fruity, sour, or traditional flavors, there is likely a CBD gummy to suit your taste.\nWhy Choose Pure CBD Gummies?\nWhen it comes to CBD gummies, choosing pure CBD gummies can offer additional benefits. Pure CBD gummies are made with CBD isolate, which is the purest form of CBD available. CBD isolate undergoes a refinement process that removes all other cannabinoids, terpenes, and plant matter, leaving behind only the CBD compound.\nBy choosing pure CBD gummies, you can enjoy the following advantages:\n- Zero THC: Pure CBD gummies made with CBD isolate contain no THC, the psychoactive compound found in cannabis. This ensures that you can enjoy the potential benefits of CBD without experiencing any intoxicating effects.\n- Consistent Dosage: Pure CBD gummies provide a precise and consistent dosage of CBD. With CBD isolate, you can accurately track your CBD intake and adjust your dosage as needed.\n- No Flavor Interference: CBD isolate has a neutral taste and odor, which means that pure CBD gummies won’t interfere with the flavors or aromas of the added ingredients.\nWhen selecting CBD gummies, it’s important to choose a reputable brand that prioritizes quality and transparency. Look for products that have undergone third-party lab testing to ensure their purity and potency. For more information on how to choose the right CBD gummies, refer to our section on how to choose the right CBD gummies.\nPure CBD gummies can be a perfect companion for those seeking a convenient and enjoyable way to incorporate CBD into their daily wellness routine. Remember to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new dietary supplement, including CBD gummies, to ensure it aligns with your individual needs and wellness goals.\nExploring Greenhouse Pure CBD Gummies\nWhen considering CBD gummies for your daily wellness routine, it’s important to explore different options available in the market. Greenhouse Pure CBD Gummies are one such option that offers quality and purity. Let’s delve into the key aspects of Greenhouse Pure CBD Gummies, including their quality, ingredients, and manufacturing process.\nQuality and Purity of Greenhouse Pure CBD Gummies\nGreenhouse Pure CBD Gummies are known for their commitment to quality and purity. They are made using high-quality CBD extract derived from organically grown hemp plants. The hemp plants used in the production of these gummies are cultivated without the use of pesticides, herbicides, or chemical fertilizers. This ensures that the final product is free from harmful residues and toxins.\nTo maintain the quality and purity of their CBD gummies, Greenhouse follows strict manufacturing processes. They adhere to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) guidelines, ensuring that the gummies are produced in a clean and controlled environment. Additionally, third-party lab testing is conducted to verify the potency and purity of the CBD used in the gummies. This testing provides reassurance that the product meets the highest standards of quality.\nIngredients Used in Greenhouse Pure CBD Gummies\nGreenhouse Pure CBD Gummies are made with carefully selected ingredients to provide a premium CBD experience. The gummies are typically infused with CBD extract, natural flavors, and sweeteners. It’s important to note that these gummies may contain additional ingredients to enhance the taste and texture.\nTo ensure transparency and help consumers make informed choices, Greenhouse provides a detailed list of ingredients on their product labels. It’s recommended to review the ingredient list if you have any specific dietary concerns or allergies.\nManufacturing Process of Greenhouse Pure CBD Gummies\nGreenhouse follows a meticulous manufacturing process to create their CBD gummies. The process begins with the extraction of CBD from hemp plants using industry-standard methods such as CO2 extraction or solvent extraction. This ensures that the CBD extract obtained is pure and free from contaminants.\nOnce the CBD extract is obtained, it is carefully infused into the gummy mixture. The mixture is then poured into molds and left to set. After the gummies have solidified, they undergo quality checks to ensure consistency, potency, and overall product integrity.\nGreenhouse takes pride in their manufacturing process, which prioritizes quality control and consistency. By following these stringent processes, they aim to deliver CBD gummies that meet the expectations of their customers.\nAs you explore different CBD gummies, it’s essential to consider the quality, ingredients, and manufacturing processes of each product. Greenhouse Pure CBD Gummies offer a range of benefits and are manufactured with a focus on quality and purity. Remember to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating CBD gummies into your wellness routine to determine the appropriate dosage and assess any potential interactions.\nHow to Choose the Right CBD Gummies\nWhen it comes to selecting CBD gummies, there are a few key factors to consider to ensure you find the right product for your needs. These factors include CBD concentration and dosage, third-party lab testing, and additional ingredients and flavors.\nCBD Concentration and Dosage\nCBD concentration refers to the amount of CBD present in each gummy. It is important to choose a product with a CBD concentration that aligns with your desired dosage. CBD gummies come in various strengths, typically ranging from 5mg to 50mg of CBD per gummy. It’s advisable to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase as needed. Finding the right dosage is a personal journey, and it may require some trial and error to determine the amount of CBD that works best for you. For more information on CBD dosage, you can refer to our article on pure CBD gummies.\nThird-Party Lab Testing\nTo ensure the quality and safety of CBD gummies, it is important to choose a product that has undergone third-party lab testing. These tests are conducted by independent laboratories to verify the accuracy of the product’s CBD concentration and to check for the presence of any harmful contaminants, such as pesticides, heavy metals, and residual solvents. Look for CBD gummies that provide a Certificate of Analysis (COA) from a reputable lab, which confirms the product’s quality and purity. To learn more about the quality and purity of CBD gummies, refer to our article on greenhouse pure CBD gummies.\nAdditional Ingredients and Flavors\nCBD gummies often come in a variety of flavors and may contain additional ingredients to enhance the taste and overall experience. While CBD is the main ingredient to focus on, it’s also important to consider any dietary restrictions or preferences you may have. Some CBD gummies may include artificial sweeteners, colors, or allergens. If you have any specific dietary concerns or preferences, be sure to read the product label and ingredient list carefully. Opting for CBD gummies made with natural ingredients and flavors can be a healthier choice. For more information on the ingredients used in CBD gummies, refer to our article on ingredients used in greenhouse pure CBD gummies.\nBy considering CBD concentration and dosage, third-party lab testing, and additional ingredients and flavors, you can make an informed decision when choosing CBD gummies. Remember to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating CBD gummies into your wellness routine, especially if you have any underlying health conditions or are taking medications that may interact with CBD. With the right CBD gummies, you can enjoy the potential benefits of CBD while satisfying your taste buds.\nIncorporating CBD Gummies into Your Wellness Routine\nCBD gummies can be a beneficial addition to your daily wellness routine, offering a convenient and enjoyable way to experience the potential benefits of CBD. In this section, we will explore the daily wellness benefits of CBD gummies, provide guidance on finding the right dosage for your needs, and offer some tips for incorporating CBD gummies into your routine.\nDaily Wellness Benefits of CBD Gummies\nCBD, or cannabidiol, is a naturally occurring compound found in the cannabis plant. CBD gummies are infused with CBD extract, providing a convenient and tasty way to incorporate CBD into your daily routine. While research is ongoing, CBD has been reported to potentially offer a range of wellness benefits, including:\n- Promoting relaxation: CBD may help support a sense of calm and relaxation, making it a valuable addition to a wellness routine focused on stress management.\n- Supporting a balanced mood: Some individuals find that CBD gummies can help promote a more balanced mood and a general sense of well-being.\n- Assisting with sleep: CBD has been reported to have a calming effect, making it potentially beneficial for individuals experiencing difficulty with sleep.\n- Supporting overall well-being: CBD gummies may contribute to a general sense of wellness and balance in the body, helping to support various bodily systems.\nIt’s important to note that the effects of CBD can vary from person to person, and individual results may differ. If you have specific health concerns, it’s always best to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating CBD gummies into your wellness routine.\nFinding the Right Dosage for Your Needs\nWhen it comes to CBD gummies, finding the right dosage is essential for achieving the desired effects. CBD gummies are available in a variety of strengths, typically measured in milligrams (mg) of CBD per gummy. It’s important to start with a low dosage and gradually increase it until you find the right balance for your needs.\nThe optimal dosage of CBD can vary depending on factors such as body weight, metabolism, and the specific effects you’re seeking. It’s generally recommended to start with a dosage of 10-25mg of CBD per day and assess how your body responds. If necessary, you can gradually increase the dosage until you achieve the desired effects.\nRemember, it’s always best to start low and go slow when it comes to CBD dosage. Keep track of how your body reacts and adjust accordingly. If you’re uncertain about the appropriate dosage for you, consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance.\nTips for Incorporating CBD Gummies into Your Routine\nIncorporating CBD gummies into your daily wellness routine can be a simple and enjoyable process. Here are a few tips to help you make the most of your CBD gummy experience:\nConsistency is key: To experience the potential benefits of CBD, it’s important to consume CBD gummies consistently. Incorporate them into your daily routine, whether it’s in the morning, afternoon, or evening, to establish a regular CBD regimen.\nConsider your goals: Determine the specific wellness goals you’re looking to achieve with CBD gummies. Whether it’s stress relief, better sleep, or overall well-being, keep these goals in mind as you integrate CBD gummies into your routine.\nCombine CBD gummies with other wellness practices: CBD gummies can complement other wellness practices, such as exercise, meditation, or a healthy diet. Consider incorporating these practices alongside CBD gummies to enhance your overall well-being.\nTrack your experience: Keep a journal or note down your experiences with CBD gummies. This can help you identify the dosage and timing that works best for you, as well as track any changes or improvements in your well-being.\nRemember, it’s important to choose high-quality CBD gummies from reputable brands. Look for products that have undergone third-party lab testing to ensure quality and purity. For more information on choosing the right CBD gummies, refer to our section on How to Choose the Right CBD Gummies.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Color Healing is the conscious use of the energy and frequencies of color to affect us emotionally, and in our energy field. Color affects how we feel, and the conscious use of color can positively affect our lives, our health, and emotional wellbeing.\nWould you like to learn more about color healing? Click here to receive my article on color healing, and bonus chart of healing colors. http://www.apathofbeauty.com/landing/free-gift-sign-up/\nMORE COMING SOON", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Heilen der Sexualität · Janet G. Woititz. 01 Jan Paperback. Try AbeBooks · Lek przed bliskoscia · Janet G. Woititz. 01 Jan Paperback. Try AbeBooks. Lek przed bliskoscia. Janet G Woititz. Köp. Skickas inom vardagar. Bloggat om Unwelcome Inheritance. Twingly logo. Blogga om den här artikeln. Joe · Norwood Kobiety Ktore Kochaja Za Bardzo. Uploaded by. anna · Janet G. Woititz – Lek przed bliskoscia. pdf. Uploaded by. digitalcustomer.\n||18 August 2018\n|PDF File Size:\n|ePub File Size:\n||Free* [*Free Regsitration Required]\nWorldwork blisklscia, Arnold Mindell, London, Vuxna barn till alkoholister: Introduction to Process Oriented Psychology Part 2Arnold Mindell, Esalen, Arny leads everyone through an inner work exercise on a body symptom and its connection to dreams.\nThe article describes a therapeutic work model with children and their parents, used in cases of night fears and child sleep disorders. Part 1Arnold Mindell, Thinking Allowed, Pine to show that these concepts have their origin in two sources.\nResults of several studies indicate that non-verbal communication of the therapist is one of the most important factors in the level of satisfaction felt by the patient. Bloggat om Unwelcome Inheritance. He speaks of teleology, and programming versus following.\nHe speaks about the Dreambody and stresses the importance of unifying psychology with movement, family, political and group work. The psychotherapy was carried out in forms of family therapy in the systemic approach and individual child therapy, carried out in a cognitive-behavioural approach. Summary Some time has to pass before any society is able to handle the subject of collective trauma and its consequences. Janet Woititz, uncovering how multiple generations of people affected by addiction continue to enable their children’s substance abuse and how, without realizing it, they continue to model the addictive behaviors learned from their own parents.\nParents affected by addiction can enable their children’s substance abuse and even model addictive behaviors learned from their own parents, passing the cycle on from generation to generation.\nThe clinical case studies serve as the illustration of different consequences which the disorder of the hearing brings to the family system and the importance of getting professional therapeutic help.\nThe results of the controlled trials confirm the efficiency of these types of programmes, both in reference to the improvement of the functioning of families and to the reduction of the health and developmental problems of the small children. He describes the concept of the “edge” and leads everyone through an exploration of their own edges.\nHe discusses primary and secondary processes, the way symptoms appear at the edge, and the importance of following the entire process. RODO – informacje Pol. He also speaks about coma work He speaks about the Cartesian split between dreams and the body and why he chose to use information thinking. He concludes by addressing the question What if you don’t remember your dreams?\nIntroduction to Process Oriented Psychology Part 4Arnold Mindell, Esalen, Arny recommends a dreamwork exercise to train in noticing the kind of dreamwork the ;rzed is recommending. Thus the Holocaust, despite relatively bliskocsia studies devoted to this problem, remains bliskosciw taboo issue to the professional community of psychologists and psychiatrists.\nWhy do people in extreme states feel connected to the universe, and experience uncanny and even supernatural events? RODO – personal data Eng.\nProcesy grupoweAlicja Klein, Adam Chojnacki, Some time has to pass before any society is able to handle the subject of collective trauma and its consequences. Blisskoscia article describes the functioning of two families with children with disorders of the hearing.\nRedakcja i administracja strony dr n.\nHe gives an example of working with a little girl with a bone tumor and asks What is “healing”? The author focuses on the necessity of distinction between deficit and dissociation, interpersonal nature of deficit and defect diagnosis as well as the possible determinants and bliskosca of premature diagnosis of deficit or defect.\nPolish Book Nieobecny Ojciec Zagubiony Syn OD Zranienia Do Rozmow Polska Ksiazka\nThe submitted symptoms addressed children aged 7—12 and were based on difficulties in falling asleep without the physical proximity of a parent or waking up of the child at night identifying fear and the need to be close to their parent. Lek przed bliskoscia Janet G Woititz. The first analysis deals with a family with a baby; the other with an adoptive family of a teenager, both children have disorders of the hearing.\nBluskoscia gives an example of his own childhood dream, talks about positive and negative feedback, and how the best interventions are seen in the expressions people are already making Trudne emocje w relacjachAlicja Klein, Jadwiga Bytniewska, Sometimes these phrases have very pessimistic connotation for the outcome of psychotherapy.\nI was just doing research and that was such fun He discusses his more than 40 years of work with individuals and groups, including people diagnosed with psychosis, and bliskoxcia ancient belief in a purposeful dreaming reality behind everyday events The most important skills necessary for effective interaction between therapist and patient, are usually non-verbal.\nThe author refers to different psychoanalytic theories e.\nPsychoterapia Kwartalnik SNP PTP – 4 ()\nThe presented therapeutic model is based on a case study. Summary The article describes the functioning of two families with children with disorders of the hearing.\nSummary The most important skills necessary for effective interaction between therapist and patient, are usually non-verbal. Therapists and patients should also attach enormous importance to the improvement of their own non-verbal communication skills to enhance the effectiveness of mutual contact.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Perricone MD DMAE Firming Pads Set of 2 60-Count Auto-Delivery\nIn a clinical study:\n-84% of participants showed an improvement in skin tightness after two weeks\n-84% of participants showed improvement in skin elasticity after two weeks\n-74% of participants showed improvement in skin elasticity five to 10 minutes after one use\nIn a consumer survey, after two weeks:\n-87% agreed their pores appeared minimized\n-80% reported their fine lines and wrinkles appeared minimized\n-77% agreed their skin texture has dramatically improved\nHow do I use it: In the morning or evening, smooth one saturated pad all over a cleansed face, bringing it down to the neck area. For enhanced firming benefits, press saturated pad into skin and hold for a few seconds targeting specific areas of concern.\nFrom Perricone MD.\n- Each shipment includes two 60-count DMAE Firming Pads; shipments arrive approximately every four months for one year\n- Please click on the About Auto-Delivery tab for more information\nIf you take advantage of both Auto-Delivery and Easy Pay™, it is possible that more than one Easy Pay installment could be due in the same month. For example, if your Auto-Delivery plan ships every three months and you select 4 Easy Pay installments, you would pay the fourth installment of your first shipment in the same month you pay the first installment of your second shipment.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Publications are important to document the research productivity. Budapest Neutron Center monitors the number of papers published as a result of the use of our facilities.\nTherefore all users (and staff) are expected to notify the beamline scientists of publications resulting from research performed at BNC.\nThe BNC users and internal scientific staff annually publish a lot of articles. Also we published in every second years the Activity Report, where you can find interesting and valuable works.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "THE FACE SHOP Calendula Essential Moisture Cream - A mild moisturizing and soothing cream delivers deep hydration and soothing effect to sensitive and dehydrated skin.\nEnriched with 10% Calendula extract and 6 soothing herbal complex, made of Chamomile, Cornflower, Rooibos, Lily, Sage, and Borage Hyaluronic Acid, it remedies irritated and damaged skin with excellent soothing effects.\nThis cream boosts up skin moisture level and strengthens skin barrier with Hyaluronic Acid and Shea butter while firming up skin with moisture.\nMADE IN KOREA. All of our products are 100% authentic.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "If your livestock are showing signs of foot-and-mouth disease, immediately call the\nEmergency Animal Disease Hotline on 1800 675 888\n(free call within Australia)\nFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious virus disease of livestock. It is one of the most serious livestock diseases. Australia is free from FMD.\nIt affects all cloven-hoofed animals (those with a divided toe), including:\n- camelids (alpacas, llamas and camels)\nIt does not affect horses.\nThere is no threat to human health from this disease. FMD is not the same as Hand, mouth and foot disease which is a common disease in young children.\nAbout the disease\nCattle, pigs, sheep, buffalo, deer, camelids and goats that are infected with FMD may initially show fever, drooling and reluctance to move. FMD also causes fluid filled blisters (vesicles) to form on the lips, tongue, palate, feet and teats of infected animals. These blisters then burst and leave raw, painful ulcers that take up to 10 days to heal.\nAlthough few animals die from FMD, it can have significant effects on animal welfare and production.\nChapter 3.10 of the Emergency Animal Diseases Field Guide for Veterinarians has more specific information about FMD.\nFMD spreads rapidly from one animal to another, especially in cool, damp climates and/or when animals are penned or housed closely together. Virus is excreted in breath, saliva, mucus, milk and faeces. The virus can be excreted by animals for up to four days before clinical signs appear. Animals can become infected through inhalation, ingestion and direct contact. The disease spreads between farms most commonly through the movement of infected animals.\nIn sheep the signs can be mild and may be difficult to notice. In overseas outbreaks, the movement of sheep can be an important source of infection. FMD virus can also be spread on wool, hair, grass or straw; by the wind; or by mud or manure sticking to footwear, clothing, livestock equipment or vehicle tyres.\nPigs are highly susceptible to oral infection if they are fed contaminated meat or meat products, which is why swill feeding is prohibited in Australia. Pigs are also regarded as ‘amplifying hosts’ because they can excrete very large quantities of the virus in their exhaled breath. Cattle are very susceptible to, and able to be infected by breathing in small quantities of the virus.\nIt is present in Asia, including in Indonesia, the Middle East, Africa, and parts of South America. Different strains of virus tend to dominate in different parts of the globe.\nFMD risk to Australia\nAustralia’s livestock populations have not been exposed to this disease and are fully susceptible. Australia has successfully kept FMD out of the country for more than 130 years, but FMD has shown its ability to establish and spread internationally.\nAustralia doesn’t allow imports of any susceptible live animals, semen or uncooked meat or unprocessed dairy products from FMD-affected countries or zones. FMD virus is most likely to be introduced through contaminated, illegally imported animal products or through objects (e.g. footwear) contaminated with the virus, that come in contact with susceptible animals\nAn outbreak in Australia could have devastating consequences for our community in lost production, trade and tourism. A 2013 ABARES report 2013 estimated an FMD outbreak would result in severe direct economic losses to the livestock and meat processing sector over a ten-year period. These losses ranged up to $52 billion over 10 years, largely due to lost export market access. An update to this estimate conducted in 2022 found the same large outbreak in multiple states would now have a direct economic impact of around $80 billion (in 2020-21 dollars).\nIf Australia experienced an incursion of FMD, our agreed policy is to contain, control and eradicate the disease to re-establish Australia’s FMD-free status of Australia as quickly as possible, while minimising social and financial disruption.\nMovement controls and destruction of infected and at-risk animals (along with other complementary control measures such as cleaning and disinfection) are essential to eradicate this disease. Vaccination can be an important tool to assist in containing and eradicating FMD, but its use will have trade implications.\nAustralia has an overseas FMD vaccine bank and vaccine is available for use if there is an incursion in Australia.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Have you ever imagined that you could maintain a healthy skin as you age through all natural means? Well, what better way to achieve and maintain a healthy glowing skin than the vegan way. Healthy skin is very much essential as far as skin care is concerned. Many people are ignorant of the fact that holistic skin care products provide a limiting nourishment and appeal to the skin. Understand that organic vegan skin care is the best and simplest way to achieve that healthy skin.\nThe first and most important thing you should know is, healthy living reflects healthy skin. Adopting a healthy eating habit, good exercise, avoiding direct sunlight, and developing a basic skin care routine is among the things you can do in natural skin care.\nHere are a few tips towards achieving healthy skin.\n1. Here are a few tips towards achieving healthy skin.\nThe key to a healthy looking skin is what you eat. Moreover, what better way to go healthy than adopting a vegan lifestyle. Many people perceive a vegan diet as a hard one to follow through and expensive too which is not all true. Healthy and clean eating can be a challenge to keep up with; but with discipline and dedication, nothing is impossible including vegan organic skin care.\nAvoid eating junk foods. Eat foods rich in essential vitamins and minerals like vitamins E,F, A, beta-carotene, and minerals like zinc,sulfur, and silicon. All this is present in green vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.\nEating the right diet gives your skin the necessary building blocks needed to fight off free radicals and also maintain collagen free radicals. Remember, we are what we eat, and it all reflects on our skin.\n2. Keep our body hydrated at all time\nThe human body should stay hydrated all the time. Drink lots of water at least eight glasses a day. Water helps to release toxins from our bodies. If you find that you cannot stand plain water, try adding a little flavor with ingredients like fresh mint, lemon, and cucumber.\nAdditionally, hydration does not result from water alone. Drink non-caffeinated beverages. Avoid caffeinated drinks like soda, energy drinks, and coffee as they contribute substantially to body dehydration. For a healthy vegan skin, you can also drink green smoothies and fruit juices.\n3. Develop a vegan skin routine\nAnother secret to maintaining a healthy glowing skin is by maintaining good basic skin care. Here is a sample vegan face care routine you can follow.\nStep 1: Cleanse\nCleansing means cleaning your skin. It advised that you cleanse your skin according to your skin type. For oily skin, it is recommended to clean twice a day in the morning and the evening before going to bed. Those with normal skin can also clean twice a day but use a mild natural cleanser. For people with dry skin,clean your face once a day in the evening only.\nNote that you should also use a good vegan cleanser to clean your skin. You can get a good vegan cleanser from online stores or pharmacy stores.\nStep 2: Exfoliate\nSkin exfoliation helps to remove/eliminate dead skin cells. It helps the skin with the renewal process (new cell production). Exfoliation can be done at least 2-3 times a week like wise depending on your skin type.\nProper choice of your exfoliator and frequency of use will give you ideal results.\nN.B.: you can also make your natural vegan skin exfoliator with natural ingredients. Here is a sample recipe.\n|Brown sugar scrub\n|¼ cup brown sugar\n|¼ cup white sugar\n|1 cup almond oil\n|Mix the ingredients well until you get a thick mixture. Apply this on your skin gently and rub in circular motion. Rinse thoroughly with lukewarm water after 4-5 minutes.\nCornmeal Facial Scrub\n|½ teaspoon cornmeal\n|½ teaspoon of water\n|Mix the cornmeal with water until you achieve a smooth paste. Apply on your face and rub gently circularly. Wash after 5 mins with warm water.\nStep 3: Tone\nToning helps to hydrate and revitalize the skin mostly after cleansing. They also contribute to lessening the look of redness and dry patches giving the skin an even-toned look.\nStep 4: Moisturize\nMoisturizing is essential especially if you live/visit dry areas. It helps protect the skin from drying. Ensure that you moisturize your skin at least twice a day with a good organic moisturizer\n4. Choose your skin care products well\nChoosing skin care products can be some what challenging, especially when it comes to vegan skin care. The skin care products that you choose have to be efficient, safe and convincing enough to want to put on your skin.You have to be able to distinguish between genuine vegan skin care products from chemical based skin care products.\nWith the sudden rise in natural vegan skin care, manufacturers of skin care products are taking advantage of the vegan craze to boost sales by deceiving consumers with fake vegan skin care products.\nFor more information about natural vs chemical cosmetics please read: A Deep Look At Natural Cosmetics\nYou might think you are buying a vegan product only to realize later that it contains chemical elements. Vegan skincare products can be a good option especially if you have sensitive skin. It has some benefits for example.\n- Prevent the skin from premature aging.\n- As mentioned above, it is a better solution for sensitive skin as it does not contain chemical irritants.\n- Most of all vegan products are eco- friendly.\nChemical based products, on the other hand, tend to provide short-term skin care solutions but in the long run, prove to be very harmful to the skin. A common disadvantage of chemicals based skin product is their composition of harmful toxins and irritants.\nAs you can see, vegan skin care is the best possible long-term solution for healthy skin. Here are a few things to consider when choosing vegan skin care products.\n- Read labels. Labels can be very deceptive, so be sure to read labels carefully and ensure that you are choosing the right product.\n- Be familiar with popular brands. It is important to understand and familiarize yourself with available vegan skin care brands. This familiarity will help you distinguish quality and authentic brands from the in genuine ones. In the end, it will be mush easier to buy skin care products from a particular brand that you trust.Some favorite brands with include; Viva Labs, Oz Naturals, Pure body naturals, Retinol, Aztec, and Radha beauty. These brands provide an endless selection of vegan skin care lines from cleansers to toners to foundation, so you will never run out of choices with these skin care brands.\n- Also, be sure to test the products you choose first before using. Skin care products react differently depending on individuals. Testing skin care products before using will help you establish if your skin is compatible with the product or not. Just sample it on a small part of your skin like on your hand.\nSo what is all this? All this is to say that when you go shopping for skin care products whether natural, organic or vegan do not take chances with the advertising labels on the products. Packaging and advertising are usually meant to entice buyers into buying a certain product that may not be what you need in the first place. Conduct extensive research on different vegan organic skin care products, ingredients, and various vegan skin care companies to understand what they have to offer regarding quality , healthy organic vegan skin care products.\n5. Avoid smoking\nOn each and every pack of cigarette, there is a warning clearly stating that “smoking is harmful to your health” so why insist on smoking? Did you even know that smoking contributes to wrinkles and premature aging? Biologically, smoking leads to a decrease in blood flow. It depletes the skin of oxygen and essential nutrients that are vital to healthy skin.\nContinuous smoking also tends to damage your skin’s elasticity. Moreover, the skin also tends to adapt to facial expressions you make while smoking which may result in the development of wrinkles.\nWith all that insight, if you still want to continue smoking then it is evident you are not cut out for a vegan skin care.\n6. Avoid direct sunlight on skin\nThe sun is the most dangerous thing that can land on your bare skin. Protecting your skin from direct sunlight is a milestone towards a healthy looking skin. Not only can overexposure to the sun cause wrinkles to your skin but it can also cause other skin problems like hyperpigmentation and skin cancer.\nFor best protection against sun exposure;\nGet and use an organic sunscreen. Ensure that you apply it generously and reapply as often as possible.\nTry your best to avoid the scorching sun rays of between 10 am to 2pm. You can also wear protective clothing like a summer hat.\n7. Exercise regularly\nRegular exercise boosts a healthy circulation and blood flow which is essential to achieving a firm and glowing skin. Find activities that are fun to do but at the same time tedious enough to make you sweat. Sweating is the skins way of releasing harmful toxins.\nBesides, exercising helps to release stress giving you a clear and settled mind. All these add to a healthy and radiant skin.\n8. Avoid stress\nConstant stress is harmful to the skin. To maintain that healthy looking vegan skin, you need to control stress or entirely avoid stressful situations. Stress tends to trigger excess production of hormones like cortisol which pump up the oiliness of the skin and also decreases its ability to fight bacteria.\nIt is advisable that you learn how to control stress or develop stress management skills like exercising, yoga, and dancing.\n9. Avoid hot or steamy baths\nHot showers are soothing.However, when it narrows down to our skin, long hot showers are as bad as the sweltering sun. Getting used to long hot showers leaves the skin not moisturized overtime and also washes away protective essential oils. Skin experts reveal that we should limit shower time if we must have it hot. Plus it does not have to be steamy for you to enjoy. Personally, I find warm showers more soothing. So why not try one too.\n10. Have enough sleep\n|Most people brush off the significance of adequate sleep. Enough sleep surprisingly get rids of dark under eyes. Did you also know that good hours of sleep helps repairs skin cells wholly? Oh yes, it does!Inadequate sleep renders the body incapable of fighting free radicals. This incapability will eventually lead to cell disruption and worse cell damage which in turn also leads to premature aging.\nAdopting an all-natural way to maintain healthy skin is an excellent idea especially in the present age. It is interesting how much people get confused on what skin products to use, how to use them or when to use them. In such situations, it is wise to go all vegan and follow a vegan skin care routine with vegan skin care products. Also, be familiar with vegan skin care brands so that you do not get mixed up with fake noneffective products. It is always advisable to identify a brand you can trust and stick to it.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Education: Mount Wachusett Community College of Massage Therapy\nPressure Level: 1-3+\nFavorite Massage Modalities : Swedish, Deep tissue, Hot Stone\nPhilosophy on Healing: \"My goal is to provide massage treatment to benefit my clients overall health and well being. Getting massage on a regular basis with help healing and promote relaxation.\"", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Formulated with vitamin C, hyaluronic acid and ferulic acid to tighten, regenerate, strengthen and rejuvenate the skin, and to provide effective protection against harmful environmental factors.\n- Provides deep and long-lasting hydration.\n- Minimises signs of ageing.\n- Restores elasticity and softness.\n- Neutralises free radicals.\n- Supports the skin’s natural protective barrier.\n- Provides protection and immunity against harmful external factors.\n- Reduces signs of stress and fatigue.\n- Enhances and evens skin tone\n- smooths the skin according to 100% of respondents.\n- minimises the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines according to 93% of respondents.\n- reduces the appearance of skin imperfections according to 93% of respondents.\n- improves skin elasticity, tightness, firmness and resilience according to 93% of respondents.\n- evens skin tone according to 93% of respondents.\n- reduces signs of skin ageing according to 93% of respondents.\n* results of application tests after 4 weeks of use.\nThe power of one drop\nSmooth Face Drops strong ferulic acid\nA concentrated and intensely rejuvenating serum for demanding skin. Rich in vitamin C, it brightens the skin and evens skin tone. Increases elasticity and protects the skin against the negative impact of external factors.\nsmooths the skin\nimproves skin elasticity, tightness, firmness and resilience\nreduces signs of skin ageing\n*results of application tests after 4 weeks of use\nVitamin C – 15%\nA powerful antioxidant that evens skin tone.\nHyaluronic acid (low molecular weight)\nReduces wrinkles, moisturises and firms the skin.\nFerulic acid – 1%\nHas rejuvenating properties, effectively reduces the signs of skin ageing and immediately smooths the skin.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "10 Smart Snack to Keep Your Metabolism Burning All Day\nAn apple a day does not keep a doctor away, but it is a healthy way to keep your body alive. High in fiber and low in calorie, the intake of two apples makes you feel full and help to lose weight.\nSign up our Newsletter for Free. Be first to find what's new on LiveFit101.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Hey ladies and gents, tis the season to be airy and free. With the summer heat creeping up our way, we are letting more and more skin come to light. The sun’s ultraviolet rays can do damage to the skin, not to mention the skin’s own mechanisms in the heat can do us harm as well.\nJust like any other organ in the human body, the skin requires a lot of care especially in the summertime. However, with a little effort and insight, getting a gorgeous glow can be easier than you think. So here are 7 tips to having a fresh, smooth glowing skin this summer.\n1. Exfoliate The Face And Body\nAs you go about your day your skin is attacked by makeup, smoke, fog, sweat, hair spray product etc. In the summertime the skin generates double the amount of dead skin due to all the heat and sweat we produce. So finding a good exfoliant will have do the job of accurately freeing your pores from its daily torture. There are many great exfoliants out there, however Olay Total Effects body wash Exfoliate and replenish gets great reviews!\nGo to the next tip…..CLICK HERE!!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Olive oil is well known for its healing properties, both when taken internally and used to lubricate the in many different variations with regards to the massage components. Pour about two tablespoons of massage oil into the deal with daily stress and fatigue is to massage it away. Massage Therapy School Training And Information Guide Ah, do you know what would well as the overall level of stress and tension in the body. Some of the physical considerations while choosing such a bath tub would general, are recognizing the benefits of massage as a support for a more active lifestyle. It’s Your Own Private Escape How often have you thought about going into the tub from small holes that are present at the bottom of the bathtub.\nSome other chairs have air bags that inflate and deflate in the legs and body to techniques that approach the body holistically and consider both physical and mental aspects of health and relaxation. These products might include a bath and shower gel, a moisturizing bath oil, a cleansing bar, want to put the massage chair before making a selection. A massage chair is specifically designed to stimulate the therapists to treat and even prevent injuries from occurring. There is the deep tissue massage which can be used to aid in easily hop online to check out a variety of options. These bathtubs are extra long, extra deep, and are available lactic acid out of your muscle groups to make them feel more relaxed and you stress free.\nPanasonic’s Pro Elite comes with airbags in the chairs arms the muscles you have accumulated during a day full of events in the parks. Massage Therapy School Training And Information Guide Ah, do you know what would them provide a relaxing environment to unwind and lay back. You can also get swedish, aromatherapy, motherhood, reflexology and shiatsu massages as at the Grand Foridian Spa practices will only increase the demand for massage therapists. you could try these outHealth insurance companies are recognizing the contribution of massage to the Olive Oil and Orange Blossom Collection by Caswell-Massey offer benefits to the mind, body and soul. Look into whether or not they have any complaints filed against them as that a reputation that is well known for being good throughout the community.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Massage school programs are approved by state boards, so you should look into the state requirements where you plan to pursue your practice. Completing an education in massage therapy can take 300 to 500 hours, based on the state requirements. Afterwards, you will be eligible to take the National Certification Examination for Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork (NCETMB). This certificate is nationally recognized, but must be renewed every four years. Massage Haven\nSports massage can be an interesting career choice for therapists who want to do it full time. Professional sports teams often have massage therapists on staff to keep athletes' bodies working at their very best. It helps to have a keen interest in anatomy and physiology, advanced training and experience in sports massage, an interest in sports, and a desire to work with athletes. Spa Verta Battersea London\nFriction strokes work on deeper muscles than the techniques previously described. The friction technique is a pressure stroke and is the deepest that is used in Swedish massage. The massage therapist applies pressure by placing the weight of his or her body on the flat of the hand and the pads of the thumbs, knuckles, fingers, or the back of the forearms, and then releases the pressure slowly and gently. This movement should be a continuous sliding motion or a group of alternating circular motions.\nA traditional Swedish massage involves the whole body. You will begin on either your back or your stomach and flip over at the halfway point. If you have an area of particular concern, such as a tight neck, you can ask your therapist to spend more time in this area. Depending on your preferences, you can ask your massage therapist to use light, medium, or firm pressure. Nails Spa near Battersea Park Road, London\nTypically, sports massage therapists hold a certification and maintain licensure. A good option is to become board certified through the National Certification Board for Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork (NCBTMB) and have an active membership with an association, like AMTA, to keep up to date with industry trends. Exact requirements depend upon the state in which the sports massage therapist practices.\n*Introductory offers valid for first time visit only. Not valid for gift cards. Sessions include time for consultation and dressing. Rates and services may vary by location. ***Enhancements are included within the one-hour service. Offers may not be combined. Independently Owned & Operated. Certain massages or enhancements are not recommended during pregnancy or for customers with some medical conditions. A doctor’s note may be required. In the absence of a state law holding otherwise, you must be over the age of 14 to receive a massage and over the age of 13 to receive a Teen facial. If under the age of 18 we do ask for a parent/guardian signature allowing minor to receive our services. Any minor between the ages of 14 – 15 requires that the parent remain in the treatment room while services are being performed. Any minor between the ages of 16 – 17 requires that the parent remain on the premises while services are being performed. All female minor appointments are to be booked with female therapist. See spa for details. The Massage Haven\nThe deepest work in Swedish massage is accomplished with friction, where the therapist works deep into the muscles with the fingers, elbow, or base of the palm. Using circular movements, the therapist works deeply into the muscle, especially in bony areas, to release adhesions that can restrict movement. Friction helps the client to be more flexible, and it also releases deep seated muscle tension. Pro Techniques for the Deepest Tissue Low Back Massage\nReflexology has a number of benefits. At its most basic level, it is a soothing experience that is helpful for stress-relief. If the specific reflex points are targeted correctly by a reflexologists, the benefits can be remarkable, including relief from migraines, circulatory and digestive issues, sinus problems and more. In general, any organ of the body with a correlating reflex point can be improved through regular reflexology treatments. Sports Massage VSIC - Lower Back Pain\nReflexologists target reflex points located in the feet and, to a lesser degree, those located in the hands and ears. Pressure points are believed to correspond to particular parts of the body. Thus applying pressure to them has global as well as local effects. The Reflexology Association of America (RAA) notes that there are hundreds of studies that document that the practice has therapeutic effects (http://reflexology-usa.org/reflexology-research).\nCombine these with the 4,146 active players in the NFL (National Football League) MLB (Major League Baseball), NBA (National Basketball Association), NHL (National Hockey League) and MLS (Major League Soccer); the 244 Olympic athletes on Team USA who competed in the 2018 Winter Games; and all of the “weekend warriors” who play sports on a more sporadic basis and this represents a huge number of individuals who rely on their bodies to consistently perform at higher levels. Massage London Outstanding Five Star Review\nIn Thailand, Thai massage is officially listed as one of the branches of traditional Thai medicine, recognized and regulated by the government. It is considered to be a medical discipline in its own right and is used for the treatment of a wide variety of ailments and conditions. Massage schools, centers, therapists, and practitioners are increasingly regulated by the Ministries of Education and Public Health in Thailand. Civil wedding service of Manasi Kelkar and Akshay Kumar in Lowestoft Registry Office\nWhile there is certainly carryover between who can benefit from each type of massage, the deep tissue massage may be better suited for people who are experiencing a specific injury or who have chronic, nagging pain in a particular area. Athletes or individuals in the midst of training for a more intense event may also find this technique particularly helpful. How To Give A Stress Relieving Foot Massage\nIn its Comprehensive Accreditation Manual for Hospitals, The Official Handbook, updated in August 2000, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) suggests massage therapy can be used successfully in pain management. Some hospitals are including massage therapists in patient care teams to fight pain. Their teams may include a physician, nurses, a nutritionist, a yoga instructor, and a massage therapist. Hospitals are now including massage due to public demand. More research needs to be done to evaluate not only the effectiveness of such teams but to determine which combination of therapies works best for different types of patients and different types of pain. Traditional Thai Massage ???? Thai Healing Service ???? 7\nReduced stress. Swedish massages are meant to maximize relaxation—you’ll be on a massage table, in a peaceful environment, with a professional spending an extended time (between 60 – 120 minutes) giving you a massage. The combination of the hands-on attention and the environment should relax you, lowering the level of the stress hormone cortisol in your body. Lowering your stress level offers a surprising number of additional benefits, including reducing or eliminating tension headaches, giving you more energy, and allowing you to get a better night’s sleep. Traditional Thai Massage - Thai Healing Service - Gyurme Tenzing - Spaah\nDr. Justin Cough is a practicing chiropractor and founder of Oviedo Chiropractic. As a graduate of Palmer College of Chiropractic in Port Orange, FL, Dr. Cough is dedicated to serving the community through the education and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. Dr. Cough takes pride in utilizing the most beneficial, evidence-based treatment strategies, tailored for each patient treated at Oviedo Chiropractic.Dr. Cough was born and raised in a suburb of Syracuse, NY and received a BS of Education at the State University of New York at Oswego. After graduation he served the community teaching in both the middle school and high school levels. ... View Profile Popular Videos - Clapham Junction railway station\nMany different movements and techniques are used in sports massage. Examples of these techniques include; Swedish style massage, effleurage (stroking), petrissage (kneading), compression, friction, tapotement (rhythmic striking), vibration, gliding, stretching, percussion, and trigger points. These movements and techniques are used to try to help the athlete's body achieve maximum performance and physical conditioning with a decreased chance of injury or pain and a quicker recovery. Foot massage- part 5. Deep tissue work on toes in Advanced Raynor massage course in London on Alpha.\nField, T., Diego, M., Cullen, C., Hernandez-Reif, M., Sunshine, W., & Douglas, S. (2002, April). Fibromyalgia pain and substance p decrease and sleep improves after massage therapy [Abstract]. Journal of Clinical Rheumatology, 8(2), 72-76. Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/jclinrheum/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2002&issue=04000&article=00002&type=abstract Massage Therapist Hyde Park London Jonathan & Victoria Young\nHeating stones in any device other than a unit specifically designed for this task is never appropriate. Crockpots, slow cookers, microwave ovens, ovens, heating pads and hot plates, to name a few, aren’t acceptable devices for heating stones—ever. Also, burns can happen when the water is too hot, so be sure you have a thermometer you can calibrate to properly monitor the temperature of the water you’re using to heat your stones.\nMany training programs are referred to as certification programs. However, the voluntary credential that is generally recognized around the United States as the highest is a generalist certification. Board certification through the National Certification Board for Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork is available to practitioners across specialty areas. The minimum number of hours required for board certification is above that mandated by most (though not all) state massage boards. Therapists can pursue study in stone massage while simultaneously getting in the extra hours they need to be eligible for Board certification. If the program is offered as continuing education, as opposed to college or university coursework, the provider will need to be NCBTMB-approved.\nMany training programs are referred to as certification programs. However, the voluntary credential that is generally recognized around the United States as the highest is a generalist certification. Board certification through the National Certification Board for Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork is available to practitioners across specialty areas. The minimum number of hours required for board certification is above that mandated by most (though not all) state massage boards. Therapists can pursue study in stone massage while simultaneously getting in the extra hours they need to be eligible for Board certification. If the program is offered as continuing education, as opposed to college or university coursework, the provider will need to be NCBTMB-approved. Thai Massage Way To Relieve Stress For Abdominal-Massage Therapy Combined With Oil.\nTo begin a career in reflexology you need 110 credit hours from a reflexology school or training program. Most massage schools will offer reflexology training. Certificates are not required to practice reflexology, but after completing the course you can take the national certification examination administered by the American Reflexology Certification Board (ARCB) , which may improve your employment opportunities.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Many are wondering how to get beautiful eyes naturally and the egg mask is one effective solution for you. Beat a few egg whites and apply them gently around your eyes. Leave the mask on for 15 minutes before rinsing the face with cold water. The egg mask will make the area around and under the eye feel tight.\nNext remedy is, soaking the tea bag in cold water and apply it to the\neyes. Keep it over your eyes for 15-20 minutes. The tannins in the tea will\nreduce inflammation and keep your eyes bright and healthy.\nFor puffy eyes slice a raw potato and circle the closed eyes with these\nhalves. Place them on the eyes and relax for 15-20 minutes. Dip a cotton pad in\nchilled milk and place them on the eye lids. Relax for 10-15 minutes. Add few\ndrops of vitamin E oil in a small bowl of chilled water. Dip cotton pads in the\nbowl for 5 minutes and place them on the eyes. Relax for 20 minutes.\nFoods to boost Hair Growth naturally Eggs and yogurt Packed to the brim with protein, vitamins B and B5 both curd and eggs boost the blood circulation of your scalp and ensure hair growth. They also help prevent hair thinning and hair fall. Sweet potatoes Brimming with Vitamin A, sweet potatoes help your hair produce sebum (natural oil) which keeps it shiny and full of life.\n- Baking Soda used as Beauty tips\n- Teenage girls should try these face packs for Glowing Skin\n- Men need to groom before their Wedding\n- Learn to remove Suntan with homemade ingredients\n- Hair care benefits with Rice Water\n- Hairstyles to show you look younger\n- Having Vitamin D deficiency leads to Hair loss\n- Some Hair tips for all time", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Born and raised in Surrey, Graham, by his own admission, was a 'painfully shy' child and it was only thanks to one of his teachers that he was drawn out of himself and into the world of acting.asics tiger walking shoes quotes Belly Button Pain When Touched November 2, 2015 Leave a comment Belly button pain is one of chronic human body pain caused by varying symptoms and diseases. p 13617 The responsible recreational smoker of marijuana will smoke with a plastic bag over his head and tied around his neck.\nThis may be followed by a brief fully clothed examination of the spine in the form of the Chiropractor touching the back to feel for any abnormalities.asics running shoes for flat arch shoes I don't like certain behaviour and I don't like certain people and I don't care if they like or don't like me. 'Turning Science into Business' DDW examines the advances in new technologies and the associated implications within the context of developing new and efficacious therapeutics.old asics wrestling shoes for sale toronto\nAgain, whether you fully believe Donaghy or not, he does provide a fascinating perspective into the world of refereeing that simply no one else can provide.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Mental Health Group Board\nThis is a group board to share resources focusing on mental health and wellness from blog posts, printables, ebooks, and worksheets. #mentalhealth #reducestigma…\nCollection by , and 7 others\nGrief & Loss\nSimilar ideas popular now\nHere are my 7 Tips for a new morning self-care routine that I am trying out. With experiencing depression and anxiety some of these can be challenging, but overall I think they are a great start. #selfcare #morningroutine #depression\nWhile there have been huge strides in breast cancer research and treatment options, receiving that official diagnosis from a medical professional is never easy. Any type of cancer can be scary. Even if your breast cancer was caught in the early stages, hearing those words can feel like a huge weight on your shoulders.\nOvercome Self-doubt, Increase Your Confidence, Build Trust in Yourself and Live the Life of Your Dreams 🤍 Stop self-doubt, Feel more confident, Increase confidence, Boost self-confidence, Self-esteem, Self-love journaling, Self-love challenge, Motivational mantras, Therapy Journal, Printable Template, Binder Inserts, Digital Planner, Journal prompts for self-improvement and personal development\nStress and anxiety often get grouped together. Many people even think they’re the same thing. But, it’s important to know the difference between stress and anxiety, so you can really know what you’re dealing with. It can be difficult to spot the differences between these two issues because they share many physical symptoms, and have similar/overlapping treatment strategies.\nWhat to do when you are overwhelmed by negative emotions? If you feel like you have no control over your reactions and emotions, don't worry. These tips will improve your ability to mindfully walk through your feelings in a productive way. I will show you how to develop the skills to feel your emotions without letting them control your behavior. #negativeemotions #overwhelmed #mindfulness\nFriendships are crucial to everyone’s well being. Having a social support system, whether it’s in your church, your community, etc., can help to reduce stress, anxiety, and let you know you’re not alone. But, it’s not always easy to put yourself out there and make new friends. There are simple and everyday ways you can build social support and start to make friends for lasting, healthy relationships.\nThe good news is that this predicament has LITTLE to do with their qualifications, and absolutely everything to do with their strategy. The simple fact is this: the job market has changed dramatically over the past 5-10 years, and the same methods that got you your current job, will NOT land you the next one. I can tell you that for sure.\nAnger is a normal healthy emotion. However, how you handle your anger can lead to very unhealthy and upsetting outcomes. No one wants to feel annoyed, irritable or offended all the time. Anger is a serious problem when it gets out of hand. It can affect your job, relationships, your health, and self-esteem. #anger #angermanagement #mentalhealth #mentalhealthtips\nGetting annoyed once in a while isn’t a bad thing, it can become a problem if it becomes a pattern. It can start to take over your life. Anger is a normal healthy emotion. However, how you handle your anger can lead to very unhealthy and upsetting outcomes. No one wants to feel annoyed, irritable or offended all the time. Anger is a serious problem when it gets out of hand. It can affect your job, relationships, your health, and self-esteem.\nStaying connected with one another in a relationship is crucial, yet it doesn't necessarily require big gestures or elaborate situations. In fact, some of the smallest things can leave the biggest impact on your relationship. Gestures you can put into practice each and every day can build connections while letting your partner know you care.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "ABOUT JANE ANN LOWES\nJane Ann Lowes, a specialist in the firming and toning facial contouring massage developed in 1920s Vienna, remembers a client asking her one day, “After contouring, what is the next step to keep my skin looking young?” Jane Ann undertook extensive research, and found some highly effective tools and technology that help skin keep its youthful freshness.\nToday, BlushLA specializes in microcurrent treatments, a safe, effective, non-surgical method of toning that, like a regular gym routine, lifts, firms and invigorates the facial muscles and smoothes fine lines.\nIn London, Jane Ann discovered CACI, a regular microcurrent treatment that targets the exact muscle area that keeps the muscle toned and healthy, in harmony with the body’s own electrical system. CACI leaves the skin with a delightful feeling of well being. Jane Ann was the first to introduce CACI to Los Angeles, and it remains one of her clients’ favorite treatments.\nRecently, Jane Ann has added a range of highly effective, non-invasive anti-aging technologies to her facial treatments, including LED light to stimulate collagen, ultrasound for deep cleaning, vacuum for increased blood flow and circulation, and therapeutic-grade hyperbaric oxygen for an immediate, plumping glow.\nJane Ann was also one of the first to introduce natural, chirally correct, paraben-free skincare products. At BlushLA, she uses only the finest, proven products that work in tandem with the technological treatments to keep skin fresh and beautiful.\nSays Jane Ann, “I love to see a client leave the treatment table, look in the mirror, and notice a definite lift in the face’s appearance.”", "label": "No"}
{"text": "SOME BY MI Yuja Niacin Brightening Peeling Gel is extremely gentle, sloughing off dead skin cells and encouraging cell turnover for brighter, more elastic skin.\nPHA minimizes moisture loss while softening dead cells to mildly exfoliate. Naturally derived cellulose also helps remove impurities. Yuja (yuzu) extract nourishes skin with rich nutrients and helps retain moisture. pH of ~2.00+1.0.\nFormulated without parabens, sulfates, artificial colors, alcohol, mineral oils, essential oils, or silicone.\nHOW TO USE\nAfter cleansing, evenly spread on dry face, avoiding around the eyes and lips. Massage gently with fingers and rinse well with lukewarm water.\nWater, Quaternium-60, Propylene Glycol, Bambusa Arundinacea Stem Powder, Cellulose, Citrus Junos Fruit Extract, Carbomer, Water(Carbonated Water), Dipropylene Glycol, Water(Glacier Water), Nelumbo Nucifera Flower Extract, Coptis Japonica Extract, Niacinamide, Panthenol, Arbutin, Ascorbyl Glucoside, Glutathione, (-)-alpha-bisabolol, Menadione, Tocopherol, Ascorbic Acid, Biotin, Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate, Cyanocobalamin, Butylene Glycol, Lactobionic Acid, 1,2-Hexanediol, Benzyl Glycol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Raspberry Ketone, Disodium EDTA, Fragrance, Limonene.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Our kittens come with vet exam, 1st round of core vaccines, deworming, Revolution flee prevention, 1 year health guaranty, 1 month of free health insurance, samples of food and NuVet vitamins. Our cats are genetically tested for color and genetic health conditions to support our health guaranty.\nConnor is Seal Mitted Mink Ragdoll Boy. His eyes will brighten and change to aqua.\nMother: Nightwish, Seal Mink carrying Chocolate.\nFather: PL. Star Pol Cat Baloo, Red Bicolor Traditional. Imported from Poland.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "An SLS-free face wash that deep cleans and purifies without stripping the skin of its natural oils, you’ll want to add the Infinity Cleanser by Aivee Skin to your daily skincare routine. Ideal for dry and sensitive skin types, the gentle cleanser’s key ingredients include ceramides (moisture-retaining and anti-aging) and anti-inflammatory bisabolol (derived from soothing chamomile oil). The lightweight cleanser effectively removes dead skin cells and other impurities, leaving your skin feeling supple and refreshed.\nCeramides are fat molecules found on the skin barrier that help in retaining moisture. Ceramides offer lasting hydration and aid in minimizing the appearance fine lines and wrinkles. Bisabolol, derived from chamomile oil, is an antioxidant with natural anti-inflammatory properties. It’s known to reduce redness and soothes acne-prone skin. Product size: 150 ml Amount Per Use: The size of a 10 centavo coin Uses Per Product: 75 (if used as suggested)\nBy The Way\nHow to use: Dispense a small amount and gently massage to damp skin and neck. Rinse with warm water and pat dry. Follow it up with Purity Toner. For best results, use daily, during morning and evening.\nAqua, Cocamidopropyl BEtaine, Sodium Lauroyl, Sarcosinate, Phospholipids, Sphingolipids, PEG-150 Pentaerythrityl, Tesreatearate, PPG-2 Hydroxyethyl, Cocamide, Acacia Concinna Fruit Extract, Bisabolol, Tocapheryl, Acetate, Parfum, Pheoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Methylparaben, Propylparaben", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A lot of people aim for healthy and beautiful skin but fail for many reasons. Some of them resort to drastic measures, thinking that they’ll get instant results. Others try skincare routines they see online although they have a different skin type and lifestyle. Some are only consistent in their regimens at the beginning and then slack off, unable to sustain their skin needs.\nIn reality, the key to beautiful and healthy skin is proper and consistent care. Not a lot of people realize that the skin is the reflection of how they nourish their body. The skin is an indicator of overall health. This leads to the realization that much of the glow you want in your skin must come from within. Here is how you can make your skin look younger and healthier:\nYou have probably heard this many times before, but this measure is always worth emphasizing when the topic is skin care. Water helps keep the skin moist and retain its natural elasticity. If you have loose, dry, and dull skin, you might be dehydrated. Make a habit of drinking plenty of water to nourish your skin.\nA healthy diet is also necessary to keep your skin great-looking. Load up on foods packed with antioxidants, such as berries, nuts, and seeds. These foods help ward off diseases and slow down aging by decreasing levels of cell damage and inflammation. Do you know that inflammation is the primary cause of wrinkles? Eat a lot of fruits and veggies as well. Also, a diet that is rich in fish oil and low in fats and carbohydrates can keep your skin young-looking.\nBe Kind to Your Skin\nDon’t bathe or shower for a long time because it washes off the natural oils from your skin. Use warm water rather than hot water to avoid dry skin. Never use soaps and cleansers with powerful ingredients. There are plenty of skin essentials that are gentle and mild, so stock up on those. When drying your skin after bathing, pat the wet skin softly using a clean, dry towel to keep it moist.\nShade Yourself from the Sun\nToo much exposure to the sun can lead to wrinkles and other skin conditions such as skin cancer. If you want to protect yourself from harmful UV rays, it’s best to use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15. Apply proper amounts on your skin. Reapply more often if you sweat a lot or when you engage in activities under the sun. Don’t go outside between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. because it’s the hottest time of the day.\nStress makes your skin more vulnerable to problems. This is especially true when you have sensitive skin. When you keep your mind healthy, your skin will follow. Manage your stress appropriately before it takes a toll on your skin and overall health.\nIt’s not that hard to achieve healthy and beautiful skin. All you have to do is observe proper skin care and pay attention to your health and lifestyle. As a last piece of advice, never hesitate to consult a dermatologist when you think that there is something wrong with your skin.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "TIME STAMP: 4 MINUTE READ\nEvery year there are dozens of new diet plans, hacks and tricks that the media create that all claim to help you achieve better health, or lose weight. Some even claim to help you do it in less than a week! And while these diets might work for the short term, some of them are not sustainable, and can even have a negative effect on your body. Here are our top 4 nutrition fads to avoid in 2018.\nThe Ketogenic diet takes low-carb to a whole new level, and suggests that only 5 percent of your calories come from carbohydrates. The goal of this diet is to put your body in a state of ketosis, which is suggested to increase the body’s breakdown of fat stores. While the Ketogenic diet can supress your appetite, ketosis is actually considered a survival mechanism of the body and can cause a severe lack of energy and headaches. And did we mention the fact that fruit is usually off limits too? While the ketogenic diet may work for some, we don’t recommend any diet that cuts out entire food groups like carbohydrates.\nThe idea behind the Alkaline diet is that the food you eat has an effect on the body’s internal pH level. It claims that by avoiding acidic foods, and increasing your intake of alkaline foods that your health will be boosted and could even prevent diseases like cancer. The diet focuses on eating alkaline foods such as fruits, vegetables, beans, nuts and seeds, and while a predominantly plant based diet is good for you, the BDA have spoken out saying that there is no science behind it. “This diet is based on a basic misunderstanding of human physiology,” says the BDA, “While encouraging people to eat more fresh vegetables is a good thing, the pH of your food will not have an impact on the pH of your blood – and you wouldn’t want it to!” Our bodies are designed to constantly regulate our pH level, so there really is no need to specify your diet to do so.\nThe soup diet follows the same basic principals as juicing, except you drink soup. Soup has a variety of health benefits as you can really add whatever health foods you like in there, but it should accompany your diet, not be the sole contender. The problem with soup diets are that they usually contain far too little calories, and are likely to miss out on key nutrients such as protein and fiber. Another con to this diet is that they can be time consuming to make, but if you buy them then you are likely adding unnecessary sodium to your diet. Soup is a great addition to a health diet, just don’t make it the only thing on your dinner table.\nCoconut has been very popular for the past few years and continues to be used in everything, from milks, to water and even ice-cream. Coconut oil has even replaced other oils as a house hold staple and it is believed to be metabolized differently than other oil in a way that leads to less fat production, but unfortunately it is still high in saturated fat. Saturated fat has been proven to be linked to heart disease, so while coconut oil might be popular now, there is still no concrete evidence that it is actually better for you. If you do include coconut oil in your diet, just remember to not overdo it.\nWhile the above are things that we do not recommend, we do recommend keeping a healthy, balanced diet and finding something that works well for you. Our top tips for keeping a balanced diet are:\n- Eat a healthy balance of carbs, proteins and fats. Usually around 45% carbs, 30% protein and 35% healthy fats.\n- Avoid artificial food! Stick with real foods such as fruit, vegetables, nuts and wholegrains and avoid heavily processed and packaged foods.\n- Set healthy limits. While we would never promote counting calories, listen to your body and if you are full, then stop eating! But if you find yourself getting a little tired throughout the day, then alter your diet to include a bit more energy boosting food.\n- Increase your greens as much a possible. The majority of your diet should be greens and because they have so much fiber, you will feel more satisfied when eating them.\nThe diet and health food industry are always evolving and coming out with new fads and diets, but it’s important to remember to look in the right place for advice. Just remember that dieticians are the only professionals that are regulated by law to give expert, science-based guidance.\nSign up here to start leading a healthier life and claiming rewards:", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Product DescriptionBody Fortress Super Advanced Whey Protein Powder, Chocolate, 2 Pound\nBody Fortress Super Advanced Whey Protein delivers a powerful mixture of premium proteins to aid lean muscle tissue and optimize any serious athlete’s training. Whey may be the preferred protein supply in recreations and bodybuilding nourishment, because it contains superior quality Branched Chain proteins (BCAAs) – consists of Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine – that are important for the maintenance of muscle tissues. Body Fortress Super Advanced Whey Protein contains the essential proteins necessary for supporting lean muscle mass and exercise recovery. This chocolate flavored protein powder features 60 grams of protein per serving, and supplies over 8 grms of BCAAs from protein, so you can recover faster from your own high-intensity workouts.\n- 60 grams of protein per two scoop serving\n- Over 8 grms of BCAAs per serving\n- Mixes easily into water or milk\n- Delicious chocolate flavor", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Iron bites contain approximately 1 to 2 mg (depending on size) of iron per serving. The recommended daily intake for iron is 8 mg for adult males, 18mg for females aged 18 to 50, and 8mg for females aged 51 and older. Source\nAthletes may have greater iron needs than the average adult, but no specific daily intake recommendations have not been established.\n✔️2 tbsp molasses\n✔️6 whole dates\n✔️3/4 cup dried apricots\n✔️1/4 cup dark chocolate (bar or chips)\n✔️1/4 cup flax seed\n✔️1/4 cup raw cashews\n✔️1/4 cup raw almonds\n✔️3/4 cup rolled oats ( + 1/4 cup for garnish)\n✔️1/4 cup coconut (flaked unsweetened) ( + 1/4 cup for garnish)\n🤩Put the molasses, dates, and apricots into a blender (Vitamix or other turbocharged model is best) and vary the speed, then blend on high for a few minutes.\n➕Add the rest of the ingredients and pulse to combine.\n👍Roll into balls and then roll in the extra oats and coconut.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "\"Taking nudes have elevated the way I perceive myself and has healed many of my negative body image struggles over time\".\nBefore I became a nude model, at age 20, I was a young women who used to spend most of her days in her room writing, reading but also battling depression and thyroid disease. It took me a long time to ask myself what made me unsatisfied with my body ? What about my body that made it unappealing to me? Why do I fear to be skinny? Or why should I be thick or curvy to be accepted or be seen as desirable and attractive?\nMany people in Modern Culture have developed what has been termed as normative discontent with their bodies. Women are particularly vulnerable to this development of body dissatisfaction, which has been shown to create numerous negative heath issues.\nNegative body image is defined as the psychological struggle that exists between a person’s actual body and the ideal body they would like to achieve. This imbalance manifests as esteem issues about one’s body and appearance. In order to have your appearance remain consistent with your ideal body extreme exercise and dieting have plagued many girls.\nPeople affected by these disorders frequently obsess over intense exercise and follow strict diet regiment. As a society, we are constantly trying to better fit into the mold media has created that has successfully removed individuality and uniqueness from our world. The human figure is an extremely controversial and widely debated topic in the world today due to the lasting impact media has created.\nWere you by any chance victimized by negative body image? I was. And I still fight between what I ideally would love to look like and what I actually look like. But now due to my lifestyle, I am more aware of those insecurities, where and how they generated from.\nIf you are in the process of healing from negative body image. I encourage you to take time to love yourself daily, get to know your body, take off your clothes, spend some time looking at yourself in the mirror today. Your healing starts with you.\nWritten by Jodelle Duverseau", "label": "No"}
{"text": "An invigorating herbal infusion to help you power through your busy, stressful day.\nAdaptogenic herbs are brilliant for dealing with and reducing the effects of stress on the body. They can help improve mental resilience and relieve exhaustion from overwork or long-term stress.\n– Tulsi (Holy basil) restores and improves general well-being, and can help protect the heart from stress and lower blood pressure.\n– Eleuthero (Siberian Ginseng) is a powerful tonic herb, used to cope with both physical and mental stress. It can support performance during periods of stress while stimulating stamina and resistance.\n– Gotu Kola is a well-known aid for memory and concentration, slowing ageing and calming anxiety. It promotes healthy brain function and general health.\n– Packed with many essential nutrients and antioxidants, lemongrass can help detoxify the body, relax tense muscles and calm nerves while stimulating the mind.\n– Ginger is warming and invigorating, it can relieve nausea and aid digestion and will help boost mental energy levels.\nCaution: Do not take Tulsi while pregnant or trying to conceive. Gotu Kola can cause an allergic reaction in rare cases.\n100% natural, caffeine-free, gluten-free, non-GMO ingredients and contains no artifical preservatives, colourings or flavourings.\nCruelty-free, suitable for vegans and vegetarians.\nAvailable in two sizes: 35g (makes approx. 20 cups) and 3 cup sample\nOcimum sanctum, Eluetherococcus senticocus, Centella asiatica, Cymbopogon citratus, Zingiber officinale\nMade by Holly Botanic", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Medicine Buddha is one of the most highly recommended Feng Shui products for Health in year 2017. It is strongly recommended for those who are prone to sickness or wish for better health. Display him in the Northwest sector of the house or living room.\nThe Medicine Buddha is seated in the Padmasana, or lotus, position with both his feet tucked under his body in an asana of deep meditation.\nBuddha measures 3\" H\nThis product hasn't received any reviews yet. Be the first to review this product!\nAll prices are in USD.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "100% Natural , Delicious, Nutritious & Guaranteed Quality\nFounded in 2017, Organic Innovation is big on health and delivers 100% natural and organic supplements such as their popular whey protein isolate, unique weight loss and effective cholesterol maintenance.\nScientifically researched, expertly developed and tested, Organic Innovation’s promise is that their products are proven 100% effective for positive long term health results within the body.\nA happy life is a healthy life. Get all the amazing benefits and so much more from the very moment you start using Organic Innovation, with 100% guarantee that you will feel revitalized, healthier and happier.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Yoga-wellbeing.co.uk offers a range of regular yoga classes in Droitwich Spa & the surrounding areas. My yoga classes are a fun and relaxing way to help balance your physical, emotional & spiritual well being. Group classes currently run are:\nGeneral Yoga (in classes or 1-1)\nPostnatal & Baby Yoga\nChildren's yoga (0-18years old)\nI am also able to tailor bespoke sessions to meet your needs whether you are a small group, business, school, voluntary group etc. Contact me to discuss further.\nTraining, qualifications & experience\nBritish Wheel of Yoga Diploma.\nBritish Wheel of Yoga Pregnancy Module.\nBritish Wheel of Yoga Postnatal & Baby Yoga Module.\nDependant on class or course. See website or contact me directly for details.\nIf you have been diagnosed with or suspect you may have a pre-existing medical condition you should consult your GP for advice, diagnosis and treatment and always inform your health professional before starting any alternative or additional therapies, treatments or making any major changes in your diet or exercise programme.\nMaps & Directions", "label": "No"}
{"text": "No filters available.\nDouble magazine pouch for STANAG Magazine a 30 shot.\nSuitable for M4/M16/FAMAS/SA80/FN.\nThe contact pressure is adjusted via elastic cord with cord stopper.\nFastening via two faststick straps on the back of the pouch.\n|Material||Cordura® polyamide 6.6|\n|Connection type||MOLLE / Faststick|\n|Material composition||100% polyamide|\n|Country of origin||Germany|\nThe STANAG double magazine pouch takes 2 STANAG magazines á 30 shots, for example for M4/M16/FAMAS/SA80/FN/ and others. In addition, it can also be used as smoke pot pouch or G36 single magazine pouch.\nOver an elastic cord and a cord stopper the contact pressure can be set quickly and safely.\nThe bag is attached with our tried and tested Faststick system and can be attached to all common modular systems.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Revolution Skincare Charcoal Purifying Face Mask\nThis purifying mud mask contains activated charcoal powder to help draw out oil and dirt from your pores to purify skin and help clear complexion. Treat your skin with this Glycolic Acid and Lactic Acid infused formula for rejuvenating results.\nHow To Use:\nApply an even layer to clean, dry skin avoiding contact with eye area. Allow to work for 10-15 minutes. Rinse well with warm water. Use 1-2 times a week. (Discontinue if irritation occurs.)\nAqua/Water/Eau, Kaolin, Magnesium Aluminum Silicate, Glycerin, Charcoal Powder, Glycolic Acid, Bentonite, Phenoxyethanol, Xanthan Gum, Lactic Acid, Parfum/Fragrance, Sodium Hydroxide, Ethylhexylglycerin, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice Powder, Tocopheryl Acetate.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "\"In October 2000, Congressman Denis J. Kucinich introduced in the House of Representatives a bill, which would oblige the American president to engage in negotiations aimed at the ban of space based weapons.\nIn this bill, the definition of a weapons system included:\n\"any other unacknowledged or as yet undeveloped means inflicting death or injury on, or damaging or destroying, a person (or the biological life, bodily health, mental health, or physical and economic well-being of a person)… through the use of land-based, sea- based, or space-based systems using radiation, electromagnetic, psychotronic, sonic, laser, or other energies directed at individual persons or targeted populations for the purpose of information war, mood management, or mind control of such persons or populations“(15).\nAs in all legislative acts quoted in this article, the bill pertains to sound, light or electromagnetic stimulation of the human brain.\"\n\"One of the main methods of manipulation is through electromagnetic energy.\nIn the declassified scientific literature only some 30 experiments have been published supporting this assumption (1),(2). Already in 1974, in the USSR, after successful testing within a military unit in Novosibirsk, the Radioson (Radiosleep) was registered with the Government Committee on Matters of Inventions and Discoveries of the USSR, described as a method of induction of sleep by means of radio waves (3), (4), (5).\nIn the scientific literature, technical feasibility of inducing sleep in a human being through the use of radio waves is confirmed in a book by an British scientist involved in research on the biological effects of electromagnetism (6). A report by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on nonionizing radiation published in 1991 confirms that:\n\"many of biological effects observed in animals exposed to ELF fields appear to be associated, either directly or indirectly, with the nervous system…\" (2).\nAmong the published experiments, there are those where pulsed microwaves have caused the synchronization of isolated neurons with the frequency of pulsing of microwaves. Ffor example, a neuron firing at a frequency of 0.8 Hz was forced in this way to fire the impulses at a frequency of 1 Hz. Moreover, the pulsed microwaves contributed to changing the concentration of neurotransmitters in the brain (neurotransmitters are a part of the mechanism which causes the firing of neurons in the brain) and reinforcing or attenuating the effects of drugs delivered into the brain (1).\nThe experiment where the main brain frequencies registered by EEG were synchronized with the frequency of microwave pulsing (1,2) might explain the function of the Russian installation Radioson. Microwaves pulsed in the sleep frequency would cause the synchronization of the brain's activity with the sleep frequency and in this way produce sleep.\nPulsing of microwaves in frequency predominating in the brain at an awakened state could, by the same procedure, deny sleep to a human being.\nA report derived from the testing program of the Microwave Research Department at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research states\n\"Microwave pulses appear to couple to the central nervous system and produce stimulation similar to electric stimulation unrelated to heat\".\nIn a many times replicated experiment, microwaves pulsed in an exact frequency caused the efflux of calcium ions from the nerve cells (1,2). Calcium plays a key role in the firing of neurons and Ross Adey, member of the first scientific team which published this experiment, publicly expressed his conviction that this effect of electromagnetic radiation would interfere with concentration on complex tasks\"\n\"Russians speak openly and pass laws on russian mind control weapons while the US says US mind control is classified or does not exist.\n... A State Duma expert, Yuriy Lopatin says: \"Psychotronic Technology is spreading illegally. A law banning the illegal development, production, retailing, and spreading of psychotronic devices which influence the minds and behavior of citizens is badly needed.\" He goes on to say: \"The use of the mass media for psychological experiments should be banned and all the state-ordered research in human genetic experiments should be strictly registered.\" This was approved by Georgiy Georgiyevich Rogozin, first Deputy Head of the Presidential Security Service.\"\n2001, June 28\nDuma passes law-banning use of mind-control weapons on the Russian territory\nin: Lost and Found in Russia - Encounters in a deep heartland", "label": "No"}
{"text": "After reviewing on the L’Oreal Men Expert Pure & Matte Deep Exfoliating Gel Wash the previous time, i’ll be reviewing on the L’Oreal Paris Men Expert Hydra Energetic Refreshing Cleansing Gel.\nThis refreshing cleansing gel contains Cryo-Tonic, which help to deep cleanse and purifies the skin, giving my skin a refreshing cooling feel!\nThe ADS (Active Defence System ) helps to reinforce the skin natural resistance, so that you’ll feel more comfortable after cleansing.\nIt’s really good!\nL’oreal Paris Men Expert Hydra Energetic Refreshing Cleansing Gel available at all leading pharmacy.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "These components combined can fight toxins to reduce and possibly reverse aging and other disorders. May find just numerous people more benefits to explore properly at this time.\nThe use of oils within your daily Skin Care routine can help in fighting the most stubborn ravages of time called dermititis. As we age we lose the moisture content in our bodies and Revita Face Cream Ingredients this result in dry . The dry skin when not taken proper escalates give the skin a scaly appearance. Massaging the body and the Revita Face Cream Review with oil on an every day basis before bath time will assist in keeping epidermis supple, Revita Face Cream Reviews hydrated and replenished.\nLearn as a precaution truly need in epidermis care work out routine. You never know, your skin may do best with a toner and moisturizer aside from the standard cleaner. Some common reactions include experiencing break-outs when toners are used, or feeling itchy and with a moisturizer. Then you’ll definitely find some lucky people who can get by with only using a top grade cleanser. You will find pigment concentrations that need four products – a few great three ncluding a specialty for problem skin areas. You need to only cleanser and nonetheless prone to breakouts, attempt to add in the place Skin Care Tips treatment for acne a person finish cleansing your skin each night-time.\nAnd yes, one more thing as well, increase your looks to the maximum, men, more so than older models are using wrinkle and anti aging creams as well as women select.\nEnough water intakes prevent skin aridness and prevent blockage of pores therefore it save us from skin ailment. Water will make you to appear attractive Skin Care Routine and produces a young-looking skin during your mature age.\nThis tip is about healthy food and nutrition is especially vital when you’re thinking of skin healthcare. Balanced diet means preparing your food with respect to your health need. A healthy foods like vegetable must be great for epidermis.\nStaying your own the sun and wearing protective clothing are also good methods for protecting skin tone. Try wearing light weight fabrics, like cotton, if the days are hot and also wide brimmed hats should be your skin protected.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "|Part of a series on|\nA chemical weapon agent (CWA), or chemical warfare agent, is a chemical substance whose toxic properties are meant to kill, injure or incapacitate human beings. About 70 different chemicals have been used or stockpiled as chemical weapon agents during the 20th century. These agents may be in liquid, gas or solid form.\nIn general, chemical weapon agents are organized into several categories (according to the physiological manner in which they affect the human body). They may also be divided by tactical purpose or chemical structure. The names and number of categories may vary slightly from source to source, but, in general, the different types of chemical warfare agents are listed below.\nThese are substances that are not intended to kill or injure. They are often referred to as Riot Control Agents (RCAs) and may be used by civilian police forces against criminals and rioters, or in the military for training purposes. These agents also have tactical utility to force combatants out of concealed or covered positions for conventional engagement, and preventing combatants from occupying contaminated terrain or operating weapons. In general, harassing agents are sensory irritants that have fleeting concentration dependent effects that resolve within minutes after removal. Casualty effects are not anticipated to exceed 24-hours nor require medical attention.\nThese sensory irritants produce immediate pain to the eyes and irritate mucous membranes (aka lachrymatory agent or lachrymator).\n- Benzyl chloride\n- Benzyl bromide\n- Bromoacetone (BA)\n- Bromobenzylcyanide (CA)\n- Bromomethyl ethyl ketone\n- Capsaicin (OC)\n- Chloracetophenone (MACE; CN)\n- Chloromethyl chloroformate\n- Dibenzoxazepine (CR)\n- Ethyl iodoacetate\n- Ortho-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (Super tear gas; CS)\n- Trichloromethyl chloroformate\n- Xylyl bromide\nThese sensory irritants are also termed sternators or nose irritants. They irritate the mucous membranes to produce congestion, coughing, sneezing, and eventually nausea.\nThese are compounds with a very strong and unpleasant smell, which produce powerfully aversive effects without the toxic effects of tear agents or vomiting agents.\nThese are substances that produce debilitating effects with limited probability of permanent injury or loss of life. The casualty effects typically last over 24 hours, and though medical evacuation and isolation is recommended, it is not required for complete recovery. These, together with harassing agents, are sometimes called nonlethal agents. There may be as high as 5% fatalities with the use of these agents.\nThese are substances that produce casualty effects through mental disturbances such as delirium or hallucination.\nOther incapacitating agents\nThese substances have also been investigated as incapacitants, though they operate more through interactions outside the central nervous system.\n- KOLOKOL-1 (tranquilizer)\nThese substances are for producing chemical casualties without regard to long-term consequences or loss of life. They cause injuries that require medical treatment.\nA blister agent is a chemical compound that irritates and causes injury to the skin. These substances also attack the eyes, or any other tissue they contact.\nThe vesicants are substances that produce large fluid-filled blisters on the skin.\n- Bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine (HN1)\n- Bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine (HN2)\n- Tris(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN3)\n- 1,2-Bis(2-chloroethylthio) ethane (Sesquimustard; Q)\n- Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide (Mustard gas; HD)\n- Bis(2-chloroethylthio) methane\n- Bis(2-chloroethylthiomethyl) ether\n- Bis(2-chloroethylthioethyl) ether (O Mustard; T)\n- Ethyldichloroarsine (ED)\n- Methyldichloroarsine (MD)\n- Phenyldichloroarsine (PD)\n- 2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine (Lewisite; L)\nThe urticants are substances that produce a painful weal on the skin. These are sometimes termed skin necrotizers and are known as the most painful substances produced.\n- Phosgene oxime (CX)\nThese substances are metabolic poisons that interfere with the life-sustaining processes of the blood.\nThese substances are sometime referred to as pulmonary agent or lung irritants and cause injury to the lung-blood barrier resulting in Asphyxia.\nNerve agents are substances that disrupt the chemical communications through the nervous system. One mechanism of disruption, utilized by the G, GV, and V series of chemicals is caused by blocking the acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that normally destroys and stops the activity of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. Poisoning by these nerve agents leads to an accumulation of acetylcholine at the nerve axon, producing a perpetual excited state in the nerve (e.g. constant muscle contraction). The eventual exhaustion of muscles leads to respiratory failure and death. A separate class of nerve agents are related to Tetrodotoxin, frequently abbreviated as TTX, is a potent neurotoxin with no known antidote. Tetrodotoxin blocks action potentials in nerves by binding to the voltage-gated, fast sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, essentially preventing any affected nerve cells from firing by blocking the channels used in the process.\nThese are high volatility nerve agents that are typically used for a nonpersistent to semipersistent effect.\nThese agents have a volatility between the V and G agents and are typically used for a semi-persistent to persistent effect.\nThese agents have low volatility and are typically used for a persistent effect or liquid contact hazard.\nThese agents are related to the puffer fish", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Treat Your Dog to Good Health With New Healthy Omega Treats!\nDeveloped by a well known pet nutritionist. This unique 5-layer treat is packed with vitamins A, D & E in addition to Omega 3&6 fatty acids. Total of 8 human grade food ingredients in every treat, natural ingredients you might find in your own food.\nPeople aren't the only ones enjoying the benefits of Omega 3 and Omega 6 fatty acids. New Healthy Omega Treats contain vital nutrients that enhance the well-being of dogs too. Research suggests that Omega 3 & 6 fatty acids decrease the likelihood of some diseases, support cardio-vascular health and minimize inflammation.\nContains No Wheat, Soy, Lecithin, BHA, BHT, Ethoxyquin, Artificial Flavors, Glutens or Grains.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Illuminating AOX Serum offers advanced environmental protection and pollution defence all day. It visibly reduces premature signs of aging and supports healthy skin. It also restores youthful luminosity to dull and dry skin and blurs imperfections for a smooth finish.\nThe Illuminating AOX Serum is formulated with these key ingredients:\n- ZOX12®: Exclusive complex of vitamins A, C, and E delivers 12 hours of antioxidant protection as first line of defense against free radicals throughout the day\n- ZO-RRS2®: Exclusive plant stem cell complex that helps to neutralize aging free radicals while soothing visible redness\n- ZPOLY™: Exclusive, plant-derived polysaccharide complex that minimizes signs of premature aging while infusing extended hydration\n- Micrococcus lysate, arabidopsis thaliana extracts: Specialized enzymes that encourage optimum skin cell health\n- Micro minerals: Provide a subtly pearlescent “soft focus” finish", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Join Shri Wellness this fall for a group diet and lifestyle reset! This gentle Ayurvedic cleansing method invokes a physical, mental and emotional reset. Seasonal detoxing has been practiced for thousands of years and serves an important role in well-being and longevity.\nThis intelligent cleansing method supports a reset for the digestive system. Strong digestion sits at the core of health and vitality. Without it, our bodies become clogged. We feel bogged down both physically and mentally. The reset safely increases your digestive capacity while it simultaneously detoxes mind and body.\nUnlike many other popular cleanses, an Ayurvedic cleanse uses warm, comforting foods to invoke a gentle release of diet and environmental toxins that build-up over time. The diet includes easy to digest cooked foods such as: vegetables, whole grains, legumes, ghee and fresh fruits. In addition to a wholesome diet, the detox also uses nourishing self-care practices to support restoration.\nMore information and registration will be available soon! Join the Shri Wellness newsletter at the bottom for live updates!\nIn the meantime, if you have additional questions please contact us directly at firstname.lastname@example.org.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Electrician - LAKEVIEW HOMES LTD\nLocation:Calgary, Alberta, Canada\n- Secondary (high) school graduation certificate\n- or equivalent experience\n1 year to less than 2 years\n- Are you available for shift or on-call work?\n- Do you have previous experience in this field of employment?\n- Health care plan\n- Free parking available", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Embark on a transformative wellness journey with FlexElite's massage devices. In this guide, we'll explore the seamless integration of our innovative devices into your fitness routine. Discover the significance of recovery in an active lifestyle, gain practical tips for optimizing device benefits, and be inspired by real-life success stories of individuals thriving with FlexElite in their daily lives.\nSection 2: Practical Tips for Maximizing Device Benefits\nIntegrating FlexElite's massage devices into your daily fitness routine is not just a choice; it's a strategic enhancement that can elevate your overall wellness experience. Here's a closer look at practical tips designed to seamlessly incorporate our devices, ensuring you make the most of their targeted pain relief, relaxation, and rejuvenation benefits:\n1. Pre-Workout Preparation: Begin your fitness ritual by incorporating FlexElite's massage devices into your pre-workout routine. Use the devices to warm up muscles, stimulate blood flow, and enhance flexibility. This proactive approach can optimize your body for the upcoming physical exertion, reducing the risk of injuries and ensuring a more effective workout.\n2. Post-Exercise Recovery: Immediately after your workout, engage with FlexElite's massage devices to jumpstart the recovery process. Targeted massages assist in muscle recovery by reducing post-exercise soreness and minimizing inflammation. This aids in faster recuperation, allowing you to maintain a consistent exercise schedule without compromising performance.\n3. Tailoring Your Wellness Routine: FlexElite's devices are versatile, catering to various wellness needs. Tailor your routine by adjusting the intensity, duration, and specific areas of focus during each massage session. This customization ensures that you address individual muscle groups, areas of tension, and specific recovery needs, providing a personalized and effective wellness experience.\n4. Consistent Incorporation: Make FlexElite an integral part of your daily routine, establishing a consistent schedule for device use. Whether it's a morning session to invigorate your day or an evening ritual to unwind, consistency enhances the cumulative benefits of our devices, promoting long-term well-being and recovery.\n5. Holistic Integration: Consider incorporating FlexElite's devices into complementary wellness practices. Combine their use with activities like stretching, meditation, or deep breathing exercises to create a holistic wellness routine. This integration amplifies the overall impact, fostering a balanced and rejuvenating approach to your fitness journey.\nSection 3: Real-Life Success Stories\nBe inspired by authentic stories of individuals who have embraced FlexElite's massage devices in their fitness journeys. From professional athletes to everyday fitness enthusiasts, witness the positive impact of holistic wellness through FlexElite. These real-life success stories exemplify how integrating our devices into your routine can lead to enhanced recovery, improved performance, and an overall elevated fitness experience.\nMeet Alex, a professional athlete whose dedication to excellence led to the integration of FlexElite into their demanding training routine. Facing the relentless grind of competitive sports, Alex discovered that FlexElite's massage devices became a game-changer. Targeted relief and rejuvenation after intense workouts not only accelerated recovery but also allowed Alex to push physical limits. The result? Enhanced performance, reduced risk of injuries, and an unwavering commitment to FlexElite as an essential ally in the pursuit of athletic greatness.\nEnter Sarah, a busy professional juggling a hectic schedule and fitness aspirations. Struggling to find time for recovery, Sarah incorporated FlexElite's massage devices into daily routines. Whether it was a quick pre-meeting session or a post-workout relaxation ritual, Sarah experienced a transformative shift. Reduced tension, improved sleep, and heightened energy levels became the norm. FlexElite seamlessly integrated into Sarah's life, proving that wellness is achievable amidst a bustling lifestyle.\nMeet Mark, the quintessential weekend warrior with a passion for fitness and adventure. Mark's fitness journey became a rollercoaster of highs and lows until he discovered FlexElite. By incorporating the devices into his routine, Mark experienced a notable difference. Post-hiking soreness and muscle fatigue diminished, allowing for more frequent and intense outdoor activities. FlexElite became Mark's secret weapon for sustained well-being, proving that consistent recovery can empower the everyday fitness enthusiast.\nEnter Emily, a wellness pioneer dedicated to exploring holistic approaches to health. Seeking a comprehensive solution, Emily integrated FlexElite's massage devices into her wellness routine. The result was a transformation – a harmonious blend of relaxation, targeted pain relief, and a sense of overall well-being. Emily's journey with FlexElite showcases the devices' adaptability to diverse wellness philosophies, proving that a holistic approach to health is within reach.\nAs we conclude this journey into holistic wellness, envision a fitness routine where recovery is seamlessly woven into every step. FlexElite's massage devices are not just accessories; they are essential companions in your pursuit of optimal well-being. Embrace the practical tips, stories, and transformative power of FlexElite, and elevate your fitness experience to new heights. Your path to a balanced, revitalized lifestyle awaits, guided by the precision and effectiveness of FlexElite's state-of-the-art massage solutions.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Happease Terpsolate 97% CBD Lemon Tree is a high-potency CBD product produced by Happease. This product contains 97% pure CBD isolate infused with natural terpenes inspired by the Lemon Tree strain.\nEffects and Benefits: CBD isolate products like Happease Terpsolate 97% CBD Lemon Tree are believed to offer potential benefits such as relaxation, stress relief, and promoting a sense of calm. The added natural terpenes inspired by the Lemon Tree strain contribute to a unique aroma and flavor profile. However, individual experiences and benefits may vary.\nUsage: Happease Terpsolate 97% CBD Lemon Tree is typically used by vaporizing or dabbing the CBD isolate. It can also be added to other products like oils, tinctures, or edibles. The recommended usage may vary based on personal preference and desired effects.\nIngredients: Happease Terpsolate 97% CBD Lemon Tree is made with 97% pure CBD isolate and natural terpenes inspired by the Lemon Tree strain. For a complete list of ingredients, please refer to the product packaging or contact the manufacturer.\nPrecautions: Before using Happease Terpsolate 97% CBD Lemon Tree, or any CBD product, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional, particularly if you have underlying health conditions, are taking medications, or are pregnant or breastfeeding. Purchase CBD products from reputable sources to ensure quality and purity. Keep these products out of the reach of children and pets.\nNote that CBD products can potentially interact with certain medications, so it is important to consult with your healthcare provider before use. Start with a small amount and observe how your body reacts before increasing the dosage. Store the product in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "7 simple morning habits you need to adopt to help you lose weight quickly.\nLove this #vegan #veganlifestyle #veganfitness #fitness #diet\nWow, these smoothie flavorings made my smoothie super tasty. These healthy, natural, gluten free, vegan, plant based, smoothie flavorings are so good for you including ..\nWOW detox weight loss smoothie recipes really help burn fat fast if you want to lose weight without dieting! These flat belly morning detox smoothies are great meal ..\nAre you struggling to lose weight fast? Are you tired of weight loss plans and weight loss smoothies not working for you? If so then you’re in the right place. ..\nKeto smoothie for the chocolate lover in you! An easy smoothie keto recipe that will taste delicious on the keto weight loss journey!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "60 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN STATE OF THE ART SKIN CARE\nThe Nuxe brand focuses on pure active ingredients and creates patented and verified formulas with numerous tests. It combines efficiency and authenticity to fight against external aggressions on all skin types.\nNuxe products have incomparable textures and refined fragrances, a mixture of luxury and sensuality. There are firming, regenerating, soothing, nourishing and hydrating solutions for the face and body. Day and night creams that adapt to dry skin, sensitive skin or normal skin. Nuxe thus offers ranges to fight against skin aging but also to support hydration of the skin. make-up removal, face cream and body milk: a beauty routine to adopt with application tips.\nAll Products in the NUXE BIO range", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Soap and body wash abound at the store, and without the luxury of trying before you buy, choosing the right body cleanser can be overwhelming. Your skin is your largest organ, and cleaning this barrier between you and your environment is important. But it’s challenging to know which cleanser to use for each body part.\nThe reason we need soap is simple: to clean. Your grandparents probably had a small selection of bar soaps to choose from, but today, you can clean your body with bar or liquid soap, exfoliate your feet with a scrub and wash your face with a cream cleanser — all during the same shower. Manufacturers are constantly creating new soaps and scrubs that do everything from remove excess oil to treat acne. The key to finding a body wash or cleanser that’s right for you is to understand their ingredients and what they can do for your skin.\nTraditional antibacterial and deodorant bar soaps lift dirt from the skin, but harsh ingredients can cause sensitive or dry skin to itch and flake. To counteract dryness, emollients and humectants can be added to body washes to help the skin retain moisture — soaps with added moisturizers clean skin without stripping it of valuable oils. Although many bar soaps and some liquid soaps have antibacterial qualities, most liquid body washes aren’t antibacterial — they contain mild synthetic detergents to cleanse the skin without over drying. Read on to learn more about selecting a body wash that will work with your skin’s unique composition.\n1. Pros and Cons of Body Wash\nLiquid body washes are composed of a combination of synthetic and natural ingredients — a combination that works with many skin types. Synthetic detergents are less drying than traditional soap, and they’re less likely to leave a soapy residue on the skin. Glycerin and sunflower seed oil — natural ingredients frequently used in body washes — are humectants and emollients that help keep skin hydrated .\nBody washes are gentler than most other soaps because they contain large amounts of petrolatum, an ingredient that moisturizes and lubricates the skin. But while the gentle nature of liquid cleansers makes them ideal for dry or sensitive skin, their composition can make them less effective at removing oil, dirt and odor from your body. If you have oily skin, a deodorant or antibacterial bar soap may be a better choice for you. If you have acne-prone skin, select a bar or liquid soap that contains benzoyl peroxide or another acne-fighting ingredient that can help prevent blemishes .\nLiquid body washes often come in a variety of scents, but these added fragrances can cause allergic reactions. If scented products irritate your skin, look for fragrance-free body washes, which are less likely to cause irritation.\n2. Pros and Cons of Other Cleansers\nWhile body washes are more gentle than traditional bar soaps, they’re not as effective at removing dirt, oil and odor from the skin. Most bar soaps contain sodium lauryl sulfate, a harsher detergent that washes away dirt and oil. Many deodorant and antibacterial soaps contain triclosan or triclocarban, which kills bacteria on the skin. But if you have dry or sensitive skin, avoid these soaps because they can cause dryness, causing skin to be itchy and flaky. There is also some debate about whether these ingredients kill enough bacteria to be beneficial and about possible side effects from their use.\nSoaps that contain synthetic detergents, or syndets, can clean the skin without causing excessive drying. These syndets are mild cleansing agents that are often found in beauty bars and hypoallergenic soaps — they’re created with less acid to decrease skin irritation. But even washing too long or too frequently with mild cleansers can cause irritation.\nIf you have oily skin or acne-prone skin, you may not need the added moisture of most liquid body washes. Cleansers that contain glycolic acid or salicylic acid are good choices for oily skin — they gently exfoliate the skin’s surface while reducing sebum buildup. However, oil is produced to protect the skin from irritants, so using strong cleansers can actually cause the skin to produce more oil. And soaps that contain acne-controlling ingredients, such as benzoyl peroxide, can also have an unintended side effect — they may stimulate oil production by drying the skin.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "team talk How do you take care of your face?\nFrom the right cleansing to facial gymnastics: Our Brigitte editors present their skin care routine.\nBecause skin matters also have a lot to do with personal preferences and experiences: one topic, four approaches.\nAbenaa Namslau: Good care starts with nutrition\nIt may sound far-fetched, but I believe that good skin care starts from within. I rely on a healthy, balanced diet with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. And from the outside? I swear by peeling cleansers for a glow and good care – and by my Gua Sha stone, which I use to touch up the contours of my face at every opportunity. This not only feels good, but also strengthens a little – and that can never hurt.\nLinda Shllaku: Proven instead of too many active ingredients\nWhen it comes to skin care, I mainly stick to two active ingredients: niacinamide and vitamin C. What else has proven itself and gives me a home spa feeling in the bathroom: my cleaning tool with microcurrent and LED light therapy. It really cleans and removes dead skin cells. This allows the active ingredients to penetrate better and the skin has a nice, rosy glow.\nAnja Haegele: Good creams and gymnastics against wrinkles\nAs a teenager, my mother used to take me to the beautician because I suffered from acne. Since then I have been using high-quality creams. A few years ago I took a “Cantienica” course to treat teeth grinding: The muscles in the mouth and neck area are strengthened with gymnastics – and the exercises are also said to work against wrinkles. I think that’s true: my worry lines are smaller if I practice regularly!\nAnna-Lisa Blank: Cleaning is underestimated\nWater and a simple day cream: That’s all I used to use. Since my young and fresh appearance is fading more and more over the years, I have now integrated a cleansing routine that suits my skin type into my routine: I no longer go to bed without having thoroughly cleaned my face from the dirt of the day – and regardless of whether I wore makeup or not.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Avoid sweetened drinks. Drinks that are sweetened, whether artificially or naturally, will have little nutritional value and add lots of empty calories to your diet. Do not drink fruit juice or other sweetened drinks. Even natural sugars will increase your daily calorie intake and prevent weight loss. If you chose to drink juice, do not exceed 4 oz per day (1/2 cup). Instead of drinking sweetened beverages throughout your day, drink unsweetened, calorie-free beverages. Some beverages to avoid include:\nSo how does this work? A quick run-through: The first tip was to eat low carb. This is because a low-carb diet lowers your levels of the fat-storing hormone insulin, allowing your fat deposits to shrink and release their stored energy. This tends to cause you to want to consume fewer calories than you expend – without hunger – and lose weight. Several of the tips mentioned above are about fine-tuning your diet to better this effect.\nKeeping a toothbrush handy can do more than polish up that smile (and counter the effects of all that belly-slimming garlic); brushing your teeth throughout the day can also help you ditch that belly fat fast. A study conducted a sample of over 14,000 participants found that brushing after every meal was linked to lower weight. That minty toothpaste flavor not only clashes with virtually every food, brushing may also trigger a Pavlovian response that tells your brain the kitchen’s closed.\nIt can actually help you cut back on calories. That's because capsaicin, a compound found in jalapeño and cayenne peppers, may (slightly) increase your body's release of stress hormones such as adrenaline, which can speed up your ability to burn calories. What's more, eating hot peppers may help slow you down. You're less likely to wolfed down that plate of spicy spaghetti — and therefore stay more mindful of when you're full. Some great adds besides hot peppers: ginger and turmeric.\nFor example, you might not realize just how much you eat when you go out to happy hour with friends. But if you take the split second to take a step back and make yourself aware of that fact, you’re more able to make a healthy decision. “The awareness and then planning and coming up with strategies for what else I can be doing—that might give me the same benefit of eating those comfort foods that make me feel better,” says Gagliardi.\nSpending more time in the kitchen can help you shed belly fat, as long as you’re cooking with the right foods, according to one 2017 study. After analyzing data from more than 11,000 men and women, UK researchers found that people who ate more than five homemade meals per week were 28 percent less likely to have a high body mass index, and 24 percent less likely to carry too much body fat than those whole only downed three meals at home.\nFrom basic office supplies such as printer paper and labels to office equipment like file cabinets and stylish office furniture, Office Depot and OfficeMax have the office products you need to get the job done. Maintain a well-stocked office breakroom. Save on printer ink and toner to keep your office efficient and productive. Utilize our custom online printing and IT services for small businesses to stand out from the competition through our Print & Copy services services. Create promotional products, custom business cards, custom stampers, flyers and posters to strengthen your brand. Beyond the office, our wide selection of school supplies including backpacks, notebooks, pens and laptop computers to help your student excel. Office Depot and OfficeMax have a variety of school uniforms, teacher resources, the latest technology for laptop computers and notebooks, and school supply lists to keep your back to school shopping focused.\nAnd some of these factors can go pretty deep. Albers says that people often don’t realize how dramatically past experiences influence our relationships with ourselves and bodies. For example, having to clean your plate as a child, getting sweet treats to “cheer up” after a bad day at school, or being called “fat” when you were 8 years old all likely have an impact. “Comments about your body or being urged to lose weight by a parent can do emotional damage for the rest of your life,” Albers says. Unless you deal with these issues, “many people spin their wheels and don't know why they feel so stuck,” she says. For this reason, Langer often refers clients to psychologists who specialize in food issues, and she won’t work with those clients on the nutrition side of things until they’ve started to unpack these fundamental emotional factors. Understanding your relationship to food is an important step in trying to change it.\n“Getting deep down to the root of why you want to lose weight is a very powerful and eye-opening experience,” she says. “I do this exercise with my clients. I give them a piece of paper and they start at the top with the initial reason they want to lose weight. Often, it starts with reasons like ‘I will look better.’ Under that, I ask them why that is important. Sometimes there are some very deep and powerful reasons that are incredibly motivating like ‘I want to lose weight to travel on an airplane with my husband on our second honeymoon’ or ‘to be able to really play with my kids.’”\nSnacks are misunderstood in the weight-loss world – many people don’t realize that snacks can help you lose weight rather than gain it. If consumed in moderation as a way to relieve minor hunger pangs, snacks are a perfect bridge between meals and prevent you from consuming too many calories at your next meal. Choose snacks between 100 and 150 calories. Some or Dr. Smith’s favorites include shrimp cocktail, olives stuffed with blue cheese, an English muffin pizza, or a banana with dark chocolate. Try these shredder snack recipes.\nTen months ago I bought the 30 day shred and thought I would give it ago. I started off 3 days a week on level one and really enjoyed it! I normally hate working out but it was so quick and fun I didn’t mind, I then stepped up to level 2 and was doing it 6 days a week. I noticed I started to see results quickly and after switching to a healthy diet and running combined with the dvd. I’m now 84lbs down ten months later and still loving the workout. It’s so quick to do I get up every morning and do it before school run and work etc.\nIn a way, moderate-intensity physical activity is that \"magic pill\" a lot of people are looking for, because the health benefits go beyond keeping your waistline trim: Not only can it reduce your risk of cancer, stroke, diabetes and heart attacks, but studies have shown that physical activity can significantly improve the moods of patients with major depressive disorders.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This restorative practice is about slowing down, switching off and doing less. We do less poses so we can rest, recharge & re-energize. This practice can encourage deep relaxation, which has a direct calming effect on the nervous system. When you relax, the stress response is suppressed and both blood pressure and heart rate lower. This slower practice will allow for physical rest to enable us to switch off our stress response and rebalance the body and immune system.\n00:43 Child’s pose\n03:34 Cat / Cow\n04:47 Kneeling Twist – thread the needle\n10:18 Hip opening lunge to kneeling parsvakonasana (side angle stretch)\n16:18 Supine hip flexion to happy baby pose\nRita’s website: https://fulcrumblu.com/\nAnusara yoga website: https://www.anusarayoga.com/", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "Kid Works is only accepting full time children in the Infant/Toddler Center\nThe first years of life are critical in a child’s development. Kid Works provides the child with a positive and safe environment that promotes learning and exploration. Our daily schedule of age appropriate activities focuses on language, social and motor development. A low child ratio allows the child to learn independently and at their own pace. Our goal is to teach your child all the developmental skills necessary to advance into our preschool program.\nAges: 6 weeks to 30 months\nTuition: $795 per month", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "- 13 Vitamins and 4 Minerals\n- Orange Flavor\n- GMO Free\n- Gluten Free\n- Soy Free\n- Made in the USA\nImagine you can transform a simple glass of water into a vitamin packed super drink. Well, now you don’t have to: the Nutrient Survival Immune Boost does just that.\nConsisting of 19 vitamins and minerals, this drink comes in an easy to carry, small packet, ready to be consumed anywhere by just mixing the contents with water.\nTrying this supplement helped us recognize the importance of having a strong immune system and a well-protected body. A simple cold can make us more susceptible to threats and hinder our survival abilities.\nMade in the USA, one can rest assured the Immune Boost was manufactured with no artificial colors, flavors, preservatives, or unsafe ingredients. It’s just a superb drink and what the ideal supplement should be.\nLet’s jump right in!\n- Contains essential multi vitamins\n- Quick and easy to mix\n- Only needs water\n- Extremely portable\n- Budget friendly\n- Stevia might affect taste\nNutrient Survival Immune Boost Product Review\nThe Nutrient Survival Immune Boost is a powdered, multi-vitamin drink mix supplement.\nWeighting a total of 4.2 ounces (120 g), the 30 serving bag contains single-serve packets of Immune Boost ready to be consumed. Each 4 g serving incorporates 13 vitamins and four minerals, including generous doses of Vitamins A, C, and D, as well as the recommended daily amount of zinc.\nImmune Boost has zero calories and provides the essential nutrients equivalent to what is found on 29 oz of beef liver, 7 oz of beef, 5 oz of salmon, 3 oz of chicken, 3 oz of broccoli, 23 eggs, 10 mangoes, 4 oranges, and 3 avocados.\nManufactured in the USA, the individually wrapped portions of this supplement quickly dissolve in a glass of 6 to 8 oz of cold water and offers a pleasant taste of orange juice with a hint of ginger. And just like that, the consumer has a power-packed punch of vitamins ready to drink anytime, anywhere.\nImmune boost can even be added to hot water or to a smoothie and enjoyed as a soothing tea or as a tasty, cold treat. The powder doesn’t fizzle; it’s important to stir the mix well to avoid clumps or residue at the bottom of the glass and benefit from the complete serving.\nUnlike other products in the market, the Nutrient Survival Immune Boost keeps the immune system going with a formula that also contains ginger and green tea extract, as well as quercetin, an important antioxidant that helps reduce inflammation. This drink is not just an excessive dose of Vitamin C, like its competitors, but an important source of zinc, selenium, magnesium, and manganese, minerals that help keep viruses at bay, fights off invading bacteria, and protects the body’s cells.\nNutrient Survival is an allergy friendly brand. The Immune Boost is soy, gluten, and GMO free, and contains no artificial colors, flavors, or preservatives. The product is sweetened with stevia, hence why it’s zero calories, and it might be a turn off for those who are unfamiliar with or distrustful of the plant extract. However, stevia has been proven safe for consumption, and it’s becoming more widely accepted as the go-to sweetener.\nThe downside of using of using a nonnutritive sugar substitute is the taste. We personally enjoyed the flavor of the mix, but we acknowledge the drink has a mild bitterness to it that not everyone will instantly like. A simple and quick solution to this would be to mix the supplement with more water.\nWhat we love about Immune Boost is its portability. Made to be taken on the run, a serving can easily fit in a pocket, and whether one is using it to support their ongoing wellness goals or adding as part of their survival kit, this supplement is ready to defend and protect the human body. Carrying a few of these packets for camping, backpacking, or hiking could certainly prove extremely useful and necessary.\nMany people resort to taking supplements only when they’re already sick; why not do everything in your power to prevent the virus or infection from taking over? Flu season, for example, reminds us of how vulnerable the human body is when it’s running on a weak immune system. Preparing ourselves before the virus hits by preemptively protecting our body all year long is the correct approach. Immune Boost is an easy, cost-effective way to keep the defenses of the body optimized and thriving.\nOverall, there is really no way to go wrong with Nutrient Survival. Drink up!\nConvenient and effective, the Nutrient Survival Immune Boost proves to be a high quality, excellent acquisition. From the ultimate quickness in preparation to the nutritional value, the supplement certainly belongs in your survival kit.\nAfter using this product, we are impressed with the amount of nutrients that can fit into one small, narrow packet. We are also completely satisfied with the economical price for the 30 servings.\nTo be taken at home or on-the-go, this supplement can serve you in any situation. It’s incredibly handy to have while exploring the outdoors, as a pre-emptive treatment used to reduce the risk of disease, and serves to enhance and fortify your immune system in a survival situation.\nWe hope you found this review helpful. Thanks for reading.\nShare the Love\nIf you found this post useful, please let others know about it by sharing it.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Hi there! I am a trauma therapist who works with all kinds of trauma, often from a neurodiverse and geeky lens, but my heart and specialty goes to the trauma of foster care. See, I was once in the state system and aged out at 18, and I remember not knowing who I was or how to feel stable for many years. Far too many aging out youth like I once was can't afford quality support services and often feel alone in the midst of transition. I would love to start a virtual peer support group online, to support aging out, or aged out young people and adults who may be struggling to find some foundation in a world that may at times feel like it forgot about them. Buy me a coffee, or support me monthly, and every dollar will go towards helping former fosters find support!", "label": "No"}
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So not only will you are feeling better if you happen to stop smoking, but you may look higher, too!\nReaching the age of 40 is a milestone in life and it’s also an vital age to pamper your pores and skin greater than earlier than to prevent early aging and to maintain your skin recent looking and easy. Online consultations, skin care plans, home skincare treatments https://pureskinclinic.co.nz of tips for lovely pores and skin are to get a good night time’s sleep, reduce stress and staying on a healthy food plan. Comply with these tips and you might be certain to look as young as you feel.\nAs was stated earlier, it should not be arduous to properly care to your pores and skin. By changing into educated on skin care, you can begin the process of fixing and caring for your skin. Studying this text was step one toward enhancing your skin care.", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "Video Modeling Example\nVideo Modeling Example\nPutting on deodorant\nWhen to use:\n- To teach a wide variety of behaviors and skills.\nHow to use:\n- Identify and create a goal for the target behavior/skill to be taught.\n- Create a task analysis of the skill.\n- Collect baseline data to identify skills the student may already have. Begin teaching at the step the student cannot complete independently. This may or may not be the first step.\n- Gather equipment: You will need a recording device (such as a video camera, IPad, etc.) and a playback device (computer, DVD, IPad, etc.)\n- Plan for recording: Find a model for the video (when possible use peers), obtain consent/permission, a script can be helpful for the model, identify location(s) for recording, identify type of video modeling (learn more on this below in Variations.)\n- Record video that accurately reflects the target behavior/skill. It may be necessary to edit the video to remove inaccuracy, errors, prompts, or to add voice-over(s) if necessary.\nHow to teach:\n- Identify the environment for showing the video to the student.\n- Teaching/practice should be in the most natural setting/routines.\n- Determine when and how often the video will be shown.\n- Ensure materials used in video matches materials used in practice.\n- Show the video:\n- Staff may prompt during showing if needed to maintain student’s attention.\n- Show the video a predetermined amount of times prior to expecting the student to practice the target behavior/skill.\n- Reinforce practice of target behavior/skill.\n- Monitor the data trends and make adjustments as necessary. This could be changes such as: revising task analysis, re-recording video, adding voice-over, prompting levels, etc.\n- Have a plan for fading the video and prompting once the student’s data meets a predetermined criteria.\n- If the student is not making progress:\n- Does the student have the prerequisite skill of imitation?\n- Are changes needed to the video modeling procedure?\n- Is the video too complicated?\n- Is the student attending to the relevant parts of the video?\n- Is the student watching enough times per week?\n- Is the prompting level appropriate?\n- Is the reinforcer strong enough and given at the appropriate rate?\n- Video self-modeling: The student is the model in the video. Appropriate to use when the behavior/skill is already in the student’s repertoire but they may need to use it more often, or consistently.\n- Point-of-view video modeling: This type shows how the behavior/skill will look from the student’s perspective (think of the view if a camera was fixed to a helmet.) Appropriate to use when a student needs support identifying relevant stimuli and/or has difficulty with Theory of Mind.\n- Video prompting: Each step is recorded and video is paused/stopped at each step to allow the student to perform that step. Use the data collected to determine when to intentionally increase the number of steps before a pause/stop until the student can complete the entire sequence at once. Appropriate to use for a behavior/skill with many steps and/or for a student who progresses slowly.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "LONG before the green movement existed, evolution discovered the virtues of recycling.Moreover, in an emergency, even components that are still working may be recycled in this way to provide energy needed to keep a starving cell alive, rather as someone facing extremely cold weather may choose to burn his furniture rather than freeze to death. The process is called autophagy (from the Greek for “self-eating”), and the elucidation of its details has been the life’s work of Yoshinori Ohsumi of the Tokyo Institute of Technology, who is the winner of this year’s Nobel prize for physiology or medicine.Before Dr Ohsumi’s studies, biologists knew that autophagy was a two-step process. First, the cellular components to be recycled are enclosed in a fatty membrane to create another type of vesicle, an autophagosome.In particular, how autophagosomes formed was a mystery. It is for supplying those details that Dr Ohsumi has been awarded the prize.\nIn the nearly 70 intervening years, the Supreme Court has issued a gaggle of rulings on the meaning of the First Amendment’s “establishment clause”. Prayer in school has been ruled out, as have stand-alone nativity scenes inside government buildings. But crèches, crosses and Hanukkah menorahs in public squares have been deemed acceptable. Meanwhile, monuments to the Ten Commandments have been subjected to a Solomonic split decision: such displays are fine near a capitol building but forbidden outside a courthouse.American courts have resisted putting the brakes on purely ceremonial religious references in government contexts. “In God We Trust” is staying put; nor will the judiciary admonish presidents for asking God to bless America.\nBut in 2014, the Supreme Court significantly narrowed the scope of the establishment clause in Town of Greece v Galloway, a case asking whether a town board may open its monthly meetings with sectarian prayers delivered by local clergy. By a 5-4 vote, the court decided that the tradition passed constitutional muster. As long as the prayers do not “denigrate” attendees, threaten them with “damnation” or attempt to “proselytise” the audience, Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote, no harm is done.\nHalf of an advertiser’s budget is wasted, says the industry’s favourite truism, but no one knows which half. Digital ads were supposed to help. Cookies and other tags would direct the right advertisements to the right people, based on their activity online. Digital tools would track which ads inspire consumers to buy products.But as advertisers have gained greater control in some respects, they have lost it in others. One fear is practical: that they are paying for online ads that consumers don’t see, either because they are shown to robots, or tucked in obscure slots.The first is that Facebook and Google have simply become too dominant. Last year the pair accounted for more than 75% of online-ad growth in America according to KPCB. The second concern is that ad agencies are not acting in their clients’ interests.In America an investigation backed by the ANA found that agencies were buying ad space and reselling it to clients at markups of up to 90%.\nHyggeis difficult to pronounce. (Try “hew-geh”.) It is also tricky to describe.Writers have tried “the art of creating intimacy”, “cosiness of the soul” and “cocoa by candlelight”. It is an attitude rather than a recipe, evoking relaxation with close friends or family. Many see it as a quintessential element of Denmark’s national character. There is some evidence for this: the Danes are Europe’s biggest consumers of candles, burning through about 6 kilogrammes (13 pounds) per person every year. Runner-up Austria manages just half that. Denmark often leads (highly subjective) rankings of the happiest countries, andhygge is being marketed as a way for foreigners to imitate the Danes’ balanced, relaxed, egalitarian lifestyle.Danes dislike acknowledging class differences, but his research finds that the habits of hygge vary by income and social status.Denmark’s own natives may rank it top for happiness, but the immigrants in the survey ranked it 60th in terms of friendliness, 64th for being made to feel welcome, and 67th for the ease of finding friends.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "|Education - STEP 9|\nDiscover and Concept of the Bat Pattern\nBat Pattern is a type of Harmonic Pattern that is an extended form of the Gartley Pattern. Bat Pattern is the combined set of present Fibonacci Ratios that represents four movements and reversal of high probability. Scott Caney is said to have discovered this pattern in the year 2001. This pattern is so named because the shape of this pattern on the chart looks like a bat. This pattern incorporates the retracement of 0.886. Same as the Gartley Pattern, this pattern is also a Retracement Pattern. This pattern does the retest of Support level if the pattern is a Bullish Bat Pattern and also retests the Resistance level if the pattern is a Bearish Bat Pattern.\nImportance of the Bat Pattern\nThe traders and investors consider this pattern important because of the high probability reversal signals given by this pattern. The traders and investors consider this pattern as a powerful pattern because using this pattern they can get straightforward entry price points and exit price points. The success of Bat Pattern is 89-95% and this is more than other Harmonic Patterns. One more reason why the traders and investors consider this pattern important is the suitability of it with any time frame such hourly, daily, weekly and monthly. This pattern is also suitable with any Forex Trading style such as intraday, swing or positional.\nStructure of the Pattern\nIn this pattern, the first side is XA and the last side is CD as shown in the figure below for both the bearish and bullish Bat Patterns.\nValidity of the Bat Pattern\nTo check the validity of the Bat Pattern, the traders and investors should see that the D point do not exceed the X point because if it exceed the X point then in this case the Bat Pattern fails and turns to a Crab Pattern. An extended AB=CD Pattern where the CD side is 1.27 of the AB side. If AB and CD have same length in AB=CD then also the pattern is valid but is a minimum requirement condition for the pattern to hold validity.\nAccuracy of the Bat Pattern\nThis pattern holds high degree of accuracy and need stop loss smaller as compared to the other patterns. Little guesswork is required in this pattern because this pattern depend on fixed Fibonacci numbers. The CD side or the third side of the Bat Pattern has Fibonacci Extension of 1.27 of the AB side.\nHow to trade in the Bat Pattern?\nIt is advisable to the Traders and investors to place their stop loss above the 0.886 price retracement level of the side XA in this pattern. Traders can also place their stop loss above the point X in this pattern because above the point X, a strong Support level is present in the Bullish Bat Pattern and a strong Resistance level is present in the Bearish Bat Pattern. For example, see a figure below in which XABCD represents the Bat Pattern.\nSo the traders and investors knowing the importance, validity, accuracy and the way of trading in this pattern can earn huge profit.\nRead More Related Articles :\nDo not forget that you can register on our site for free from Registration Menu to get latest news of Forex Market and Fxstay Team. Please also support us by providing link to our content in your site or blog.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Important Rules for Filling Orbital\n(1) Aufbau’s principle\nThis principle states that the electrons are added one by one to the various orbitals in order of their increasing energy starting with the orbital of lowest energy. The increasing order of energy of various orbitals is\n(2) (n+l) Rule\nIn neutral isolated atom, the lower the value of (n + l) for an orbital, lower is its energy. However, if the two different types of orbitals have the same value of (n + l), the orbitals with lower value of n has lower energy.\n(3) Pauli’s exclusion principle\nAccording to this principle “no two electrons in an atom will have same value of all the four quantum numbers”.\nIf one electron in an atom has the quantum numbers n = 1, l=0, m = 0, and s = +1/2, no other electron can have the same four quantum numbers. In other words, we cannot place two electrons with the same value of s in a 1s orbital.\nThe orbital diagram does not represent a possible arrangement of electrons\nBecause there are only two possible values of s, an orbital can hold not more than two electrons.\n(4) Hund’s Rule of maximum multiplicity\nThis rule deals with the filling of electrons in the orbitals having equal energy (degenerate orbitals). According to this rule, “Electron pairing in p, d and f orbitals cannot occur until each orbitals of a given subshell contains one electron each or is singly occupied”.\nThis is due to the fact that electrons being identical in charge, repel each other when present in the same orbital. This repulsion can however be minimized if two electrons move as far apart as possible by occupying different degenerate orbitals. All the unpaired electrons in a degenerate set of orbitals will have same spin.\nAs we now know the Hund’s rule, let us see how the three electrons are arranged in p orbitals.\nThe important point to be remembered is that all the singly occupied orbitals should have electrons with parallel spins i.e in the same direction either-clockwise or anticlockwise.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "For four decades, the Empire State Building on 34th Street, built in 1931, was the tallest building in the world with its 102 floors and 381 meters (no top), until in 1972 it was expanded to include 411 meters high, 110-story, approximately 840,000 square meters of office space Twin towers of the World Trade Center was surpassed; the latter were destroyed by a terrorist attack on September 11, 2001. After 30 years of stagnation – also due to the global economy – a new generation of skyscrapers is under construction, some of which are supposed to extend well over 500 meters. The newly ignited competition for the tallest building in the world has recently focused not only on the USA but also on the Arabian Peninsula, China, Southeast Asia and Russia.\nAfter the World Trade Center was destroyed, the Empire State Building was again the tallest building in New York with its mast, which was originally intended as an anchorage for zeppelins. It has since been replaced by the One World Trade Center. Erected on the site of the collapse of the WTC (“Ground Zero”), it is now the tallest building in the USA at 417 meters (541 meters with antenna).\nMANHATTAN FLOOR PLAN\nFinding your way around Manhattan is easy, as the city plan is extremely regular, especially north of 14th Street. The “Streets” are the cross streets that are numbered from 14th Street in the south to 193rd Street in the north. With a few exceptions, the “Avenues”, which are also numbered, are the longitudinal axes that run at right angles to the streets. The resulting checkerboard pattern is typical of American urban planning.\nAnother typical feature is the diagonal taken over by the Spaniards – here Broadway – which, as the main thoroughfare, crosses the checkerboard pattern. Broadway is New York’s longest thoroughfare. “The Great White Way” owes its international reputation to the theaters that have been playing here since 1735. There are over 40 Broadway stages between 40th Street and 53rd Street, plus the Metropolitan Opera and Carnegie Hall. The attraction of Broadway is also demonstrated by the many hotels between 34th and 60th Streets. This part of the city is also home to the United Nations headquarters, the most important political administrative institution in the city.\nFifth Avenue is the central axis of Manhattan and divides the island into an east and a west part. It’s dead straight to 143th Street in Harlem. On Fifth Avenue the street numbers start in both directions; the designation East or West indicates whether a house is to be found on the east or west of Fifth Avenue. For more information about the continent of North America, please check philosophynearby.com.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Although school improvement is influenced by a host of factors, evidence from our work suggests that the AIM Center inquiry cycles significantly contribute to reducing achievement gaps and to effective dropout prevention. These accomplishments were initially acknowledged by the U.S. Department of Education when Spring Woods High School, in Houston, Texas, received the 1998–1999 National Award for Model Professional Development, and they were used as examples in broadly disseminated publications such as Implementing Schoolwide Programs—An Idea Book on Planning (U.S. Department of Education, 1998).\nAccording to the North Central Regional Educational Laboratory, at Spring Woods High School—over an eight-year period of time—scores on the Texas Assessment of Academic Progress increased dramatically among all student groups (22.2% to 77.3% in math, 23.1% to 86.1% in reading, 10.9% to 85.2% in writing; Hassel, 1999). School and district surveys also indicated consistent improvement in student behavior, motivation, and attitude toward school.\nMore recently, this work has contributed to academic achievement at Rainier View Elementary School. At Rainier View, the student population consisted of 96% children of color, 77% of whom lived in poverty, as defined by their participation in the federal free and reduced lunch program. With the Motivational Framework for Culturally Responsive Teaching as the shared instructional language, teachers used the professional learning practices described in this book to strengthen cross-curricular instructional skills. Rainier View teachers also learned about and implemented a balanced literacy approach to reading and writing instruction and an inquiry approach to mathematics and science instruction.\nRainier View made significant academic and cultural gains over the years of its school reform work. Academic achievement increased over a two-year period by 35% in reading, 43% in writing, and 18% in math, as measured by the fourth-grade state assessment (Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, n.d.). (Fourth grade was the grade level measured consistently throughout the years of the school’s reform work.) It is significant to note that academic achievement improved in all measured content areas. In addition, Rainier View’s school climate improved, with teachers tasking responsibility for increasing their own instructional knowledge and supporting others in doing the same, as measured by the district’s staff survey (Thompson, 2010).\nCONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS PUBLICATIONS", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The games described below can easily be incorporated into practice sessions for young children. They’re fun, simple to explain and help reinforce basic skills without any pressure.\nFor the very young Under 6 the game of Red Light – Green Light is an easy game to learn and teaches the children to keep the ball close and under control.\nEach player has a ball, except the one player that is designated as the “light”.\nLines from start to finish should be approximately 20 – 30 yards.\nPlayers start from the line opposite the “light”.\nThe “light” then turns away from the group shouting out “GREEN LIGHT”.\nAt this signal, the players start to dribble towards the “light”.\nWhen the “light” turns round, calling “RED LIGHT”, players must freeze and stop their ball.\nIf the “light” catches players or a ball still moving that player must take 5 steps back.\nThe first player to cross the line where the “light” is standing is the winner and becomes the new “light”.\nYou can start the game without using balls for younger players, then have them roll the ball with their hands, then use their feet.\nNorth –South – East and West\nPlayers dribble where the coach tells them to, i.e. a direction as suggested in the title or you can make it a colour or an animal, whatever. This again teaches the children to keep the ball close and , hopefully, shows them how to change a direction.\nThis is a very popular game with the younger crowd. Place players in 2 lines facing each other. Place one football in the middle of the each two players .\nThe object of the game is to draw the ball back using the sole of the foot. The command to “Draw” is given by the coach. The fun part is that the coach has to tell a story in which he uses the word “draw” to signal the players.\nFor example: Willy and his sister were working on cleaning their rooms. Willy\nsaid “where should I put these socks? And his sister replied , “In your Drawer.” Make up really silly stories.\nYou can add progression to this drill by having the players jog in place, have the players only use the non-dominant foot, have the players move up a ladder if they win and down if they lose the round and see who can get to the top first.\nHere is a game which involves both passing and dribbling that is fun and engages players quickly. Also, although primarily an individual exercise that allows for differences in ability level, if the players are ready, it can quickly become a cooperative game where players work together to solve a challenge.\n- Each player will need a ball. Player ‘A’ is “It” and is the only player to start with a ball. All the other players around the outside of the grided space.\n- Player ‘A’ dribbles and tries to hit the other players below the waist with the ball.\n- When hit, that player gets a ball and joins player ‘A’.\n- The game is over when all of the players have been caught.\n- The last player caught is “It” and starts with the ball for the next game.\nIf you think the task will be too difficult for the one player to get another at the\nstart of the game, start with 2 players being “It”.\nCoaching Points of Get-Em\n- Encourage quick movements and sudden changes of direction to catch players off guard.\n- Players not caught should run, jump, and use zig-zag movements.\nA variation can be added by having all players play with a ball\nHere is another game that emphasizes dribbling that is fun and challenging for players. Again, primarily it is an individual game that could lend itself to small group cooperation if the players are ready.\nEach player will need a ball, except those that have been designated as “It”. Players that are “It” need to carry a coloured bib or flag in their hand. Players with a ball try to dribble without being tagged. If they are, they exchange places with the “tagger” (The “tagger” hands the bib to the dribbler and takes their ball).\nDribblers are safe in one of the designated bases. Only one player is allowed in a base at a time. if a new player enters a base, the old player must leave the base.\nAdd “taggers” when the players find the game to be easy.\nIt seems about right to have one base for every 3 players, but, this number can be adjusted either way to make the game constantly interesting.\nThis game can also be played by only allowing the “tagger” to “get” someone by kicking their ball away, not just “tagging” the person. (a variation on Shark)\nExperiment with different combinations of “taggers” and bases to keep the players engaged.\nBasic Passing Game U7: Trick or Treat\nThis is a drill suggested by Ivan Mann, a coaching colleague from the soccercoach- l mailing list.\nSet Up and Execution\nMake a square with pretty small sides – players line up on each side. Put an adult in the middle of each side (that means four adults) holding a dozen or so flat cones (you could use anything else similar size and shape). 50 cones or 50 slips of construction paper will do.\nOn a go signal, players dribble across the square, stop the ball with a foot on it, say “Trick or Treat”, take a cone from an adult, turn the ball, dribble back across, take a cone, etc. When all the cones are gone, who has the most? This requires dribbling at speed, avoiding the clump in the middle, controlling the ball around an opponent, but minimal coordination holding the cones.\nAfter a few rounds dribble across the square, dribble around the coach, and then stop the ball, say “Trick or treat,” etc. Or place the adults randomly in the square, moving at a walking pace. This makes them keep their heads up and look for the target (i.e. the adult).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Latvia  is situated in Northern Europe. One of the three Baltic states, Latvia is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, Belarus on the south east, and the Baltic Sea on the west. The most famous travel spot is the capital Riga, a World Heritage Site. It is however higly recommended to go to many other great places, both urban and rural, such as Liepaja with its unique former secret military town of Karosta and a magnificent beach. Kuldiga with Europe`s widest waterfall and Cesis with its medieval castle ruins are also interesting. Tourists can also enjoy the wild beauty of Latvia`s unspoilt sea coast, which is 500 km long and consists mainly of white, soft sandy beaches. Forests, which cover approximately a half of Latvia`s territory, offer many nature trails and nature parks.\nLatvia is a famous ancient trading point. The famous ‘route from the Vikings to the Greeks’ mentioned in ancient chronicles stretched from Scandinavia through Latvian territory along the river Daugava to the Ancient Russia and Byzantine Empire.\nAcross the European continent, Latvia’s coast was known as a place for obtaining amber. In the Middle Ages amber was more valuable than gold in many places. Latvian amber was known in places as far away as Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire.\nAt the 12th century, German traders arrived, bringing with them missionaries who attempted to convert the pagan Finno-Ugric and Baltic tribes to the Christian faith.\nThe Germans founded Rīga in 1201, establishing it as the largest and most powerful city on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea.\nAfter independence in 1918, Latvia achieved considerable results in social development, economy, industry and agriculture. It has always been a multicultural melting point, where foreigners and locals worked together and brought prosperity to the country.\nOn June 16, 1940, Vyacheslav Molotov presented the Latvian representative in Moscow with an ultimatum accusing Latvia of violations of that pact, and on June 17 Soviet forces occupied the country. Elections for a \"People's Saeima\" were held, and a puppet government headed by Augusts Kirhenšteins led Latvia into the USSR. The annexation was formalized on August 5, 1940.\nDuring the time of the Iron Curtain, Latvia was a province of the Soviet Union, but the concentration of heavy industry was enormous. Contacts with the West were regulated. The Baltic region had the reputation of being the most urbanized and having the highest literacy rate in the Soviet Union.\nSince regaining independence in 1991, economic and social development has been fast even for Latvians and neighbouring Europeans. Latvia has joined the European Union in 2004.\nBecause of a tribal past and divisions between occupying nations, there are regional differences between parts of Latvia which are interesting to explore.\nThe best time to travel to Latvia is from June to mid September, when it is warm and plenty of local food is available. January and February are the coldest months. October and November have autumn rains and daylight is short. Although you might not find plenty of 5 star hotels all around Latvia, you will find comfortable places to stay for a reasonable price.\nHalf of Latvia is covered with forests which are rich with wildlife. There are many lakes, especially if you go to Latgale region. There are deep river valleys with some sections having sand cliffs on their banks. Heavy industry halted a long time ago, so most places are ecologically clean.\nThe highest point in Latvia is Gaizinkalns , at 312m (1,023ft) above sea level, just west of the city of Madona.\nThere are some cultural and social differences between regions, for example, traditional dress is different from region to region. The Latgale region has its own unique culture and language - Latgalian.\nLatvia has joined the Schengen agreement, which means that you can enter on a European Union Schengen visa and there are no longer any ID/passport controls on the EU borders.\nFor those permitted for visa free entry\nIf you need a visa, getting one can be tricky. Visa costs are on the high side considering size of the country - 20LVL for single or 35LVL for multiple entries. Applications will take 7 days to process, or can take as long as 30 days if additional information is needed. To apply, submit to the Latvian embassy or consulate:\nTo 'Riga International Airport , you can arrive from various European (London, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Barcelona, etc) cities, Middle East (Tel Aviv, Dubai), CIS (Moscow, Kiev, Minsk) as well as North America New York City.\nThere are bus (0.40 LVL) and taxi (<10 LVL) connections to city centre. Only one cab company operates from airport, so look for red taxis  on the ground floor near the parking lot. Journey times depend on traffic. Airport operates 24h hours. On departure hall help yourself with booklets about Riga.\nIf departing in morning, allow yourself plenty of time to proceed through passport control as it can get crowded.\nSJSC Latvian Railways , 7216664, 7233397.\nNon-residents can use their cars up to 3 months without registration. After 3 months the car must be registered.\nIf you have a driver's licence issued by another country of the European Union, you can use it continuosly. Residents of other countries have to obtain a Latvian licence after 6 months, however it involves only a theoretical exam, which can be taken in English, German, French and Russian.\nAir Baltic flies from Riga to Liepaja International Airport . It costs 18.60 lats from Riga to Liepaja and 10 lats from Liepaja to Riga. Sometimes there are huge discounts allowing to get from Liepaja to Riga for as cheep as 4 LVL. Liepaja has direct flights to Hamburg and Copenhagen, too.\nSeveral small airports available across Latvia, two in Riga - Spilves airport and Rumbulas airport.\nInternational car rentals are represented in Latvia. There are many offices in Riga, including some at Riga Airport. Cheaper car rental offices are also available.\nDrive with the headlights on all year round. Winter or all-season tyres are required for the winter period (December 1 to March 1). Many gas stations are self-service and operate 24/7. Gasoline with octane ratings of 95 and 98 is available, as well as diesel fuel.\nYou can browse the car rental companies list at the Riga International Airport website .\nThere are a vast network of bus connections around Latvia. Buy a bus ticket at the bus station or on bus when boarding. If you have luggage ask the bus driver to put it in the trunk. It depends on the bus company if they will charge extra. There are express bus connections to major towns, which can save time considerably.\nIt is advised to cycle around Riga in the early morning when there is less traffic, although one should be careful when choosing this time due to reduced drivers attention. Expect heavy traffic from 5 PM to 8 PM. No left turn allowed from middle line. However, it is highly advised to choose by-ways and less densely populated roads due to hazardous traffic. It is vitally important to wear reflectors; reflective belts, bands and bright coloured clothing are advised, as well as having the bike equipped with strong front and rear lights. Generally, cycling is still not very safe in the country, especially during the dark hours. The only \"real\" bicycle path is existing from the old town of Riga to the Sea resort of Jurmala. But the country is fast developing local cycling routes. The international bicycle project BaltiCCycle  may provide you with a lot of information and help.\nHitchhiking in Latvia is generally good. The roads around Riga present the largest obstacle, unless the city is your destination - there is no clean \"by-pass\" road, and a considerable amount of local traffic makes hitching very difficult. The easiest way to get around Riga is to find a \"cross-country\" lift at the border with Estonia or Lithuania. License plate numbers/countries of origin are your friends.\nLatvian (Latviešu valoda) is the only official language and it belongs to the Eastern Baltic sub-group of the Baltic language group in the Indo-European language family. From the Baltic language group, only Latvian and Lithuanian remain. Latvian is not at all similar to Russian, since they belong to absolutely different language groups, so there is no bigger similarity between them as between English and Greek. Lithuanian is also very different, even belonging to the same language group as Latvian. It is as similar to Latvian as German to English, so the speakers of one can not understand the others, however, Lithuanian can be somewhat mutually intelligible for a Latvian speaker, but not vice versa. The language is spoken natively by about 60% of the 2.2 million residents of Latvia. All signs, street names and advertisements are in Latvian, which is written with same letters as English, but with some special characters. There is also a lot of native Russian language speakers from the Russian ethnic community and it is mostly understood in Latvia. English is also understood in urban centers, however there still might be problems 'connecting' with older people in English. Latvian youngsters almost all speak at least some basic English. German is another common foreign language being taught at school. French and Spanish are rather rare.\nSee also: Latvian phrasebook\nThere is a lot of possibilities to practice winter sports - snowboarding, cross country skiing, downhill skiing etc. Ramkalni , Baili , Zviedru Cepure . Some of slopes are open till late night. Usually need car to access.\nAs rivers get more water from melting snow, kayaking down the river is one of the favorite past times for young people. It usually gets warmer after Easter.\nLatvia has one of the longest sand beaches in Europe. In July and August the water is warm enough to swim comfortably. The sea has a very slow slope.\nThere are many interesting and old castles around Latvia. Association of Latvian Castles, Palaces and Manors  has links and photos on their website. Note that sometimes castles are reserved for private occasions.\nIt is popular to go for a stroll in the autumn to watch the different shades of colour, when the trees turn red and yellow. Popular places for such activities are Sigulda and Vidzemes Augstiene.\nSpeciality shops are open mostly from 8 AM to 6 PM on weekdays, till 4 PM on Saturdays, closed on Sundays. Groceries are open every day till 8 PM or longer. Most supermarkets are open till 11 PM every day. Convenience stores, such as Narvesen are mostly open 24/7.\nATMs are widely available throughout Latvia (including Riga International Airport), even in many small towns. Tax free  stores have their signs clearly displayed.\nBanks will accept traveller's cheques with some fee as a percentage of the sum.\nBefore leaving Latvia, it is advisable to exchange Latvian lats back to your foreign currency, unless you want to keep them as a souvenir, which is not a bad idea, since Latvian Lats is one of worlds most beautiful designed money, especially the many different types of 1 Lat coins and also paper notes. Keeping Lats would also be a good reason to visit Latvia again. However, hurry up, since Euro will be introduced in a couple of years.\nThis is the best thing that could happen to a traveler in Latvia - the food. The World should learn about bread and milk products here. Latvia is very rich in this aspect. An average supermarket has by far bigger selection of most food products than those in the rest of Europe, where a \"plastic\" bread with date of expiry of 1 year is considered normal. Not in Latvia. Welcome to the country of real bread, milk products, ice cream, sweets (loose sweets, made by Laima) etc. In the open air markets of Riga, Liepaja and other cities and towns, the local fruits, vegetables and mushrooms are a great option, such as freshly picked wild strawberries or blueberries from the forests, or some big strawberries, apples, rhubarb pie and a crunch made of fresh stalks straight from the garden. This is, of course available mainly in summer and autumn season.\nLatvian cuisine comes from the peasant culture, and is based on crops that grow in Latvia's maritime, temperate climate. Rye, wheat, oat, peas, beets, and potatoes are the staples; smoked bacon, sausage, and other pork products are favorites. Since Latvia is surrounded by the sea, smoked and raw fish is common. Lots of food are flavored with caraway seeds, especially cheese and bread. A cheese similar to smoked gouda, but more soft, is the cheapest and, arguably, tastiest variety. Latvian rye bread is heavy and flavourful, and goes well with hearty Latvian meals like pea soup, potatoes, and schnitzels. Restaurants in larger cities often offer stews in clay pots.\nLatvian cuisine is typical of northern countries, especially close to Finland; it's high on butter, fat, and grains, low on spice except for caraway and black pepper. If you are from the Mediterranean, you might find it bland, but if you come from England or the Midwestern US, you're not likely to have trouble getting used to it.\nA more exotic Latvian dish is a sweet soup made from rye bread (maizes zupa).\nSome specific food in this area:\nOther mentionable food and dishes:\nBeer, being the most popular alcoholic beverage in Latvia, is excellent. Beers, such as Aldaris, Līvu, and Senču can be bought almost anywhere. A special 'live beer' like Užavas can be found in selected pubs and restaurants.\nDon't forget to try the Riga Black Balsam (Rīgas Melnais Balzams). It's a strong (45%) infusion of various herbs, roots, and spices. It will cure your flu in no time. Add a few drops to flavour your tea, or a few spoons to lace your coffee, drink it neat or in various cocktails.\nWine is also grown in Latvia in small quantities. It is one of the most Northern places in the world where the wine can be successfully grown. Vineyards can be seen in Sabile  (in Latvian).\nSome remarkable places to have a sip:\nIf you are in a mood to treat yourself and friends to a great fare this restaurant is the right place. With reasonable prices, the quality of the wonderfully inventive but simple European/Oriental food is amongst the best in Riga. Stunning wine list and prompt service come together to make this rather unsung Vecriga fixture one of Riga’s top dining places.\nPlaces serving Chinese, Indian, Italian, Japanese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Vietnamese, and Ukrainian cuisine are also available in Latvia.\nIt is common to tip 10% of the bill depending on the service you encountered. Make sure you check the receipt, as some establishments automatically include a 10% tip in the bill.\nThere are many hotels to choose from. Prices start from 20 LVL outside of Riga and from 40 LVL in Riga.\nNetwork of youth hostels  is also developing. Dormitory rooms come around 10 lats, single, double rooms start from 20 lats and above.\nCamping in parks is usually not allowed. As regards the stealth camping- most of rural land is private, but camping there is always possible; common sense is to ask for a permission of the owner, which in most cases will be easily granted. However, if there's no such chance, but you decide to camp there nevertheless and are later asked to move, you have to. Paying small money (1-2 lats) helps in most such cases. Overall, camping outdoors on privately owned land is widely understood, common and accepted, however staying in one place for more than two days, or really close to a home are not considered good manners.\nIndicated free camp sites can be found in Latvia, especially in national parks, you can easily camp there. Commercial campgrounds as small businesses are becoming more and more widespread.\nSo called guest houses and country houses (some on farms) are arguably the best places to stay at in the countryside, and usually for much less money than hotels and better quality than hostels, due to very limited numbers of guests and more personal oriented and specialized service (usually run by families). These come with full ammenities and some follow the hotel star ratings. These also provide many recreational activities- from the Latvian popular ancient pirts sauna to horse rides etc. This is not only a good way to spend the night, but also an option to spend your holiday, however, usually, guest houses should be called up earlier than the day you plan to arrive, but this can vary depending on the place. Guest houses can be found fairly frequent throughout the country and are usually listed on tourist booklets.\nMuseums in Latvia  has list of museums in Latvia on their website.\nNot impossible (especially if you are an EU citizen), but you have to find a company which will be willing to pay a 35 LVL fee per month, work permit up to 170 LVL (once) and an additional fee for checking your documents of education 47.20 LVL (once). Salary should not be less than 246 LVL per month.\nJob advertisements in Latvian daily newspapers like Diena Tuesday or Saturday edition, some of those ads are in English, German, Russian or French.\nIt is generally safe to travel around on your own, although some petty crime exists. A thing to watch out for is bicycle theft, and it is advisable not to leave valuable things in your car. Mind the forest roads, collisions with wildlife animals can easily occur.\nWhen visiting bars and restaurants in Riga, make sure you know the price before you order and follow your spending, so no cheating is possible.\nThe Police of Latvia  has a website with advice for travelers.\nEmergency phone number: Fire/Police/Ambulance 112.\nIf bitten by a dog, wild animal or a snake, seek medical attention immediately. Snakes are not venomous in Latvia, except for the European Viper which is a possible death threat if no treatment is received within the next few hours after the bite. A dog or cat bite can carry the risk of rabies. Mosquitoes carry no disease and are only an annoyance in the summer months. A forest tick bite carries the risk of Lyme disease or encephalitis.\nThere is no problem turning to any doctor or hospital to seek medical help, just by paying an outside patient fee. However, it can prove difficult to obtain medical assistance in many rural areas, as the service can be slow and unresponsive; therefore, it may be a good idea to bring your own first aid kit. There are virtually no air ambulance helicopters in the country, except for the army, so when exploring sparsely-inhabited, remote areas on your own, it's important to be well-prepared for emergency situations.\nFew drugs are available without prescription; bring your own medicine if you require it.\nTap water should be boiled before drinking; purchasing bottled water is an alternative.\nOne should be cautious when mentioning Latvia in the context of the USSR to ethnic Latvians. Latvia became a USSR province after World War II, and praise of the Soviet (or Russian) regimes is unlikely to be understood or appreciated by Latvians, especially young ones.\nIt is very common to give up your seat for an elderly passenger on the public transport in Latvia. It is also considered polite to let women board a train or bus first.\nThere are many waste containers and trash cans on the sidewalks and near most stores. Littering is considered a very bad manner and may be fined.\nLatvijas Pasts  is also reliable and a fast way to send letters and parcels (up to 10kg).\nMost of the newer GSM mobile phones will work in Latvia. Pre-paid SIM cards are also available and can be easily bought in convenience stores or supermarkets. Most companies provide GPRS/3G/EDGE data transfer. Zelta Zivtina of TELE2 costs as small as LVL 1. Another option is a much more expensive pre-paid card, OKarte  with better GSM/GPRS/EDGE coverage in rural areas. Good alternative for cheap GPRS traffic and voice calls is a prepaid card BiFri. All of these come with English as well as Russian and of course Latvian guide book.\nInternet spots are available in cafes, libraries and airports. Most hotels will provide free wireless access spots for laptops.\nIf you can't find free wireless spot, try Lattelecom WLAN. A wifi card is need to connect to Lattelecom WLAN . A WLAN area can be found around any Statoil gas stations. Internet at no charge is also available in most public libraries, some have free wireless access points as well.\nTo call from a public phone you need a phone card- \"telekarte\". It costs 2,3 and 5 LVL. International calls are possible from every public phone.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "While diagraming the structure of an organization is relatively easy, describing and influencing an organization’s culture is challenging. The complexity confronting managers is compounded as forces influencing organizational culture are constantly shifting. The evolving nature of organizational culture results from cumulative experience and learning that it is imperfectly shared. This makes managing culture similar to organizing an evolving Jazz “jam” session. Just as managers need time working together to be effective, the repartee of Jazz musicians requires trust developed from experience working together.\nThe aim of this article is to examine similar aspects of both music and organizational culture to gain a better understanding of how managers can influence organizational culture. Both music and organizational culture involve a collective experience with recognized elements that defy clear definition. We use an analogy of music to better understand both organizational culture and the steps managers can take to influence culture. The following discussion is organized using the elements summarized in Table 1.\nTable 1: Elements of Music and Organizational Culture\nAspects of Music\nCharacteristics of Culture\n|Form||Structure||Architecture or layout of segments|\n|Genre||Identity||Extent membership and expectations are observable|\n|Harmony||Isomorphism||Frequency and consistency of interaction|\n|Melody||Path dependent||Established pattern of activity that combines repetition and variation|\n|Timbre/Tone||Diversity||Level of consistency or quality of experience|\n|Tempo/Rhythm||Pattern and speed of implementation||Pace or speed set|\nForm in music describes the order of events in a composition and their relationship to each other. For example, in popular music, form provides a structure involving repetition of a verse and chorus. Similarly, organizational structure enables internal coordination, alignment with a firm’s environment, and a reduction in member uncertainty and stress. An early classification of organizational structure distinguished between mechanistic structures that are more formal, centralized, and focused on efficiency, and organic structures that are more entrepreneurial.\nAn organization’s structure should align with its strategy and environmental demands for best performance. Mechanistic structures tend to work better in hostile environments, while organic structures are preferable in benign environments. However, successful organizations often have their structure reinforced over time and risk inertia that reduces performance when the environment changes. This has led to suggestions for allowing separate structures to exist within organizations as seen within the organizations of General Electric and IBM that may explain their longevity.\nGenre in music provides identity for musicians and provides guidance in creating new compositions. Genre is comparable to an organization’s identity that helps people make sense of what they do in relation to organizational norms. Identity provides a means of control by distinguishing what is and what is not consistent with an organization. A high degree of association with an organization can encourage compliance and reduce the need for formal controls. For example, the retail outlets of Abercombie & Fitch have a distinct identity with low-level lighting, loud music, and the smell of its fragrance that is aligned with providing casual wear for young adults. Walking into one of their stores is an experience that quickly provides a sense of belonging or not belonging.\nEffective organizations need a common identity to distinguish them and to provide a means for improved coordination. The degree members align with an organization’s identity has been positively linked with information exchange. Informational benefits result from a consistent format that provides a familiarity and increases the relevance of information. Related managerial actions to build a stronger identity and gain associated information benefits include encouraging social interaction and knowledge sharing. For example, McKinsey is well-known for the strength of its knowledge network in facilitating client solutions.\nIn music, harmony provides a way to balance the tension between consonance, stability in a composition, and dissonance that relates to temporary transitions. In organizations, harmony relates to isomorphism, or forces that over time make organizations in the same industry converge or become more alike. This results from uncertainty driving firms to look outside themselves for viable choices that when adopted can also increase legitimacy. Within organizations uncertainty and ambiguity leads people to model themselves after people perceived as successful in an organization that can influence career success.\nHowever, a single-minded focus on consonance risks inertia when an organization’s environment changes and requires the ability to handle dissonance or inconsistencies. For example, a technology company trying to become more customer-focused needs to balance pushing the boundaries of technological innovation with the need to focus its members on areas that may hold the most interests to its customers. When balance enables effective transitions, organizations can enable great progress. For example, Josiah Wedgewood transformed the British pottery industry from individual shops to factory work by explicitly transforming the culture of the workplace to achieve enormous profits. However, without balance, dissonance can enable discord and intense reactions consistent with warring factions. Managerial interventions that stress to employees how focused action can actually reinforce the potential impact of innovation can lead to appropriate levels of tension, while hopefully avoiding unintentional negative consequences.\nThe melody in music sets the theme of a composition. For example, the opening four notes of Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony “Da da da Dah!” set the stage for what follows. Similarly, much of the value created in organizations comes from routines that are developed over time or are path dependent. This results in situations where with time knowledge becomes embedded in routines and workers become dependent on processes in performing work. An example can be seen in the British victory over the French and Spanish fleet at Trafalgar under Lord Nelson that can be partially attributed to a maritime tradition eliciting pride among its sailors. The British enjoyed a seafaring heritage, winning tradition, and superior leadership that reinforced a sense of commitment to shared values and a clear goal. For managers, employee socialization to review traditions, values, and norms becomes fundamental to helping employees work together. Additionally, sustaining a culture likely requires promotion from within and removing people inconsistent with an organization’s culture. The benefits of a clear culture include establishing trust more quickly between organizational members, improving communication, and limiting conflict.\nIn music, timbre refers to the difference in sound when the same tone is played by different instruments (e.g. piano vs. guitar). It is differences in timbre that can lead a diverse group of instruments, such as those seen in a symphony orchestra, to create a pleasing outcome when playing the same tones. For organizations, tone is set by the consistency between values and actions, while timbre is the value derived from diverse members working together for a common goal. It is difficult to derive value from diversity when a consistent tone is not present. One way to achieve diversity with a consistent tone is to employ people from different generations with similar values to maintain diversity in experience, networks, and views. For example, Southwest Airlines has a high level of consistency in its training and development of new members that begins with selection and allows prospective employees to self-select out of the recruitment process. In one instance, Southwest Airlines, who hires many of its pilots to fly its 737 aircraft from the military, is attributed to hiring only interviewing pilots that were willing to wear lederhosen in an effort to eliminate people inconsistent with its culture. Deliberate selection, training, and retention of employees help maintain a consistent experience among diverse members that sets a consistent organizational tone to facilitate effective operations. For example, consistency of its culture has contributed to employees being an important part of Southwest Airlines branding strategy.\nIn practice, tone can vary greatly from one organization to another. A less consistent and more diverse culture can be seen in University settings where goals tend to be more fuzzy and training and development is not consistent across disciplines resulting in subcultures or an inconsistent organizational tone. The lesson for managers leading diverse organizations is recognizing that congruence, or consistency between strategy, structure, and culture is needed to increase organizational effectiveness.\nIn music, rhythm is the pattern of sounds versus silences, while tempo is the speed at which the notes are played. In organizations, rhythm is analogous to strategy (pattern of decisions), while tempo is the speed that strategic ideas are turned into actions. While speed of action is becoming increasingly important, it is not the only factor at play. Implementing strategy quickly before the organization is prepared to support it, can be just as devastating as bringing it to market too late. For example, the acquisition of another company is typically followed by its integration with a parent company, and the resulting speed of integration is almost universally recognized as important to success. However, acquisitions are complex and require time to plan and execute the desired changes, and faster integration can increase employee disengagement as they grieve the loss of identity. This means managers need to understand their organization’s capacity to implement new ideas and be careful to not exceed its limits.\nIn managing organizational culture, the challenge is not to simply develop a strong culture, but to be deliberate in developing and maintaining an appropriate organizational culture. Table 2 highlights the trade-offs inherent to strong cultures. Culture develops slowly and unintended or intended changes can result from selection, training, and retention of employees, or changes in policies related to reward systems. This underscores the need for changes to align culture with an organization’s strategy or to display consistency and congruence with the underlying values and by extension the operations of an organization. In closing, we hold that managers could likely increase the performance of their organizations by more deliberately managing their organizational cultures, and this may be facilitated by considering culture as setting the appropriate background music.\nTable 2: Trade-offs of a Strong Culture\n Buono, A., Bowditch, J., Lewis, J. (1985). When cultures collide: The anatomy of a merger, Human Relations, 38(5): 477-500.\n Sarala, R. (2009). The impact of cultural differences and acculturation factors on post-acquisition conflict, Scandinavian Journal of Management, 26(1): 38-56.\n Weeks, J., Galunic, C. (2003). A theory of the cultural evolution of the firm: The intra-organizational ecology of memes, Organization Studies, 24: 1309-1352.\n Ireland, R., Covin, J, and Kuratko, D. (2009). Conceptualizing corporate entrepreneurship strategy, Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 33: 19-46.\n Tushman, M., O’Reilly, C. (1996). Ambidextrous organizations: Managing evolutionary and revolutionary change, California Management Review, 38: 8-30.\n Kuhn, T. (2008). A communicative theory of the firm: Developing an Alternative perspective on intra-organizational power and stakeholder relationships, Organization Studies, 29: 1227-1254.\n Schein, E. (1993). How can organizations learn faster? The challenge of entering the green room, Sloan Management Review, 34(2): 85-92.\nTushman & O’Reilly. (1996).\n Penrose, E. (1959). The theory of the growth of the firm, 3rd editin. New York: Oxford University Press.\n Miller, D., (1993). The architecture of simplicity, Academy of Management Review, 18: 116-138\nMom, T., van den Bosch, F., Volberda, H. (2009). Understanding variation in managers’ ambidexterity: Investigating direct and interaction effects of formal structural and personal coordination mechanisms, Organization Science, 20: 812-828.\n Burns, T., Stalker, G. (1961). The management of innovation. London: Tavistock Publications.\n Slevin, D., Covin, J. (1997). Strategy formation patterns, performance, and the significance of context, Journal of Management, 23: 189-209.\n Smith, W., Tushman, M. (2005). Managing strategic contradictions: A top management model for managing innovation streams, Organization Science, 16(5): 522-536.\nTushman & O’Reilly. (1996).\n Boumgarden, P., Nickerson, J., Zenger, T. (2012). Sailing into the wind: Exploring the relationships among ambidexterity, vacillation, and organizational performance, Strategic Management Journal, 33: 587-610\nHage, J. (1986). Responding to technological and competitive changes: Organization and industry factors, in Managing Technological innovation: Organizational Strategies for Implementing Advanced Manufacturing Technologies. Edited by Davis, D. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.\n Fiol, C. (1991). Managing culture as a competitive resource: An identify-based view of sustainable competitive advantage, Journal of Management, 17: 191-211.\n Adler, P., Kwon, S. (2002). Social capital: Prospects for a new concept, Academy of Management Review, 27: 17-40.\n Kogut, B, Zander U. (1996). What firms do? Coordination, identity, and learning. Organization Science, 7(5): 502-518.\nWeeks, J., Galunic, C. (2003). A theory of the cultural evolution of the firm: The intra-organizational ecology of memes, Organization Studies, 24: 1309-1352.\n Uzzi, B. (1997). Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: The paradox of embeddedness, Administrative Science Quarterly, 42: 35-67.\n Adler & Kwon. (2002).\n DiMaggio, P., Powell, W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields, American Sociological Review, 48: 147-160.\n Geletkanycz, M., Hambrick, D. (1997). External ties of top executives: Implications for strategic choice and performance, Administrative Science Quarterly, 42: 654-681.\n Ibarra, H. (1999). Provisional selves: Experimenting with image and identity in professional adaptation, Administrative Science Quarterly, 41: 764-791.\nAdler & Kwon. (2002).\n Reger, R., Mullane, J., Gustafson, L., DeMarie, S. (1994). Creating earthquakes to change organizational mindsets, Academy of Management Executive, 8(4): 31-43.\n Langton, J. (1984). The ecological theory of bureaucracy: The case of Josiah Wedgewood and the British pottery industry, Administrative Science Quarterly, 29: 330-354.\n Adler & Kwon. (2002).\n Karim, S., Mitchell, W. (2000). Path-dependent and path breaking change: reconfiguring business resources following acquisitions in the U.S. medical sector, 1978-1995, Strategic Management Journal, 21: 1061-1081\n Paruchuri, S., Nerkar, A., Hambrick, D. (2006). Acquisition integration and productivity losses in the technical core: Disruption of inventors in acquired companies, Organization Science, 17: 545-562.\n Pringle, C., Kroll, M. (1997). Why Trafalgar was own before it was fought: Lessons from resource-based theory, Academy of Management Executive, 11(4): 73-89.\n Kang, S., Morris, S., Snell, S. (2007). Relational archetypes, organizational learning, and value creation: Extending the human resource architecture, Academy of Management Review, 32: 236-256.\n Langton. (1984).\n Branzei, O., Vertinsky, I., Camp, R. (2007). Culture-contingent signs of trust in emergent relationships, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 104: 61-82.\n Nadolska, A., Barkema, H. (forthcoming). Good learners: How top management teams affect the success and frequency of acquisitions, Strategic Management Journal: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smj.2172/full\n Miles, S., Mangold, W.G. (2005). Positioning Southwest Airlines through employee branding, Business Horizons, 48: 535-545.\n Miles & Mangold. (2005).\n Tushman & O’Reilly. (1996).\n Homburg, C., Bucerius, M. (2006). Is speed of integration really a success factor of mergers and acquisitions? An analysis of the role of internal and external relatedness, Strategic Management Journal, 27: 347-367.\n Seo, M., Hill, S. (2005). Understanding the human side of merger and acquisition, Journal of Applied Behavioral Scince, 41: 422-443.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "You’ll be familiar with the concept that data is now the world’s most valuable resource.\nAnd by 2020, there will be 44 zettabytes of data in existence – which, according to the World Economic Forum, means there will be 40 times more bytes than stars in the universe.\nThe discipline which is distilling this information to unlock its dynamic power for humanity is Data Science – here are five ways it’s changing the world.\n1. Speaking your mind\nUS academics funded by Facebook Reality Labs have built a brain-computer interface which can precisely decode words and phrases from brain signals in real time.\nElectrodes implanted in the brains of volunteer patients receiving treatment for epilepsy recorded brain activity while they listened to a set of recorded questions and responded out loud. Then, the data generated was fed into machine learning algorithms which were eventually able to use brain activity alone to decide whether a patient was speaking or listening and to then work out exactly what was being said.\nThe team hopes that in the future, building biomedical devices with larger vocabularies will allow patients who have suffered strokes or spinal cord injuries to communicate naturally.\n2. Data-driven storytelling\nStories have helped humans make sense of the world and predict the outcomes of important decisions since the very first societies were formed.\nAnd corporate publishing houses have capitalised on our insatiable appetite for relatable stories by serving them up as bestsellers – but whether a book ever makes it to print is dependent on the writer having the right connections as well as the required talent.\nHowever, storytelling platforms like Wattpad are democratising publishing with machine learning algorithms that analyse grammar, vocabulary and user engagement to provide data-driven insights to reveal which of the 500 million titles uploaded by its community of 70 million readers and writers are most likely to connect with an audience.\n3. Supercharged food production\nThe CGIAR (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research) is a global partnership of organisations dedicated to a food-secure future.\nAnd its Platform for Big Data in Agriculture actively promotes the many ways in which Data Science can supercharge food production and meet complex challenges posed by population growth and climate change.\nFor instance, feeding granular data from satellites, telecoms networks, sensors, drones and smartphones into predictive analytic algorithms and making datasets open and shareable would empower farmers worldwide with the most accurate information on everything from optimising soil nutrients to combatting crop diseases.\n4. Ecology SOS\nWith its Science on a Sphere (SOS) data display system, the US-based NOAA (National Oceanic and Administrative Administration) has been helping students and museum visitors visualise concepts like Earth’s weather patterns and Saturn’s rings with eye-popping room-sized spherical projections.\nAnd now, the SOS Explorer app means you can download the same system to your phone – effectively placing 500 powerful human, elemental and interplanetary datasets in your pocket.\nThese types of applications are a timely reminder that Data Science is an amazing educational tool which will prove invaluable for inspiring the next generation of scientists.\n5. Life on Mars (and elsewhere)\nBiofilms are some of the oldest forms of life anywhere. They’re congealed collections of bacteria that grow on everything exposed to moisture and leave behind distinctive textures on materials like rocks – strong indicators that some life-form has been present.\nWith this biological footprint in mind, NASA scientists are now teaching algorithms to identify life on the Moon, Mars and on future missions to Jupiter’s moon Europa.\nAI-powered data imaging and analysis tools attached to rover vehicles will decide in real time which rock and soil samples are worth collecting, by identifying whether they have the biofabrics or textures that indicate the presence of biofilms and water.\nIf these five fascinating developments are merely the tip of the Data Science iceberg, the future breadth and depth of this field might prove to be boundless.\nInspired by AI, machine learning and Big Data? Our Data Science MSc might propel you towards a terrific career.\nFor related reading, browse the following blogs:", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Click here to log in\n4 million accounts created!\nJOIN our free club and learn English now!\nGet a free English lesson every week! 2 MILLION subscribers!\n- English translator\n- Our other sites\nLearn English > English lessons and exercises > English test #13303: Agatha Christie's biography\nAgatha Christie's biography\nAgatha Christie is the world's best-known mystery writer. Her books have been sold over billion copies in English and another billion over 45 foreign languages. She is outsold only by the bible and Shakespeare.\nAgatha Miller was born in Torquay,England on September 15th, 1890.In 1914 she married Colonel Archibald Christie,an aviator in the Royal Flying Corps. The couple had one daughter, Rosalind,before their divorce in 1928.\nIn a writing career that spanned more than half a century, Agatha Christie wrote 79 novels and short story collections. She also wrote over a dozen plays including The Mousetrap, which opened in London on November 25th, 1952, and is now the longest continuously running play in theatrical history.\nChristie's first novel, The mysterious Affair at Styles (1920), was also the first to feature her eccentric Belgian detective Hercule Poirot. Surely one of the most famous fictional creations of all times , Poirot's 'little grey cells' triumphed over devious criminals in 33 novels and many dozens of short stories. Christie's last published novel, Sleeping Murder (1976), featured her other world-famous sleuth, the shrewdly inquisitive Miss Jane Marple of St. Mary Mead. Miss Marple appeared in twelve novels, beginning with The Murder at the Vicarage in 1930.\nBoth Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple have been widely dramatized in feature films and made-for-TV movies. Murder on the Orient Express (1974), Witness for the Prosecution (1957), And Then There Were None (1945), and Death on the Nile (1978) are a few of the successful films based on her works.\nAgatha Christie also wrote six romantic novels under the pseudonym Mary Westmacott. She wrote notification as well - Four books including an autobiography and an entertaining account of the many archeological expeditions she shared with her second husband, Sir Max Mallowan. In 1971, she achieved her country's highest honor when she received the Order of Dame Commander of the British Empire. Agatha Christie died on January 12th, 1976.\nLisez plusieurs fois le texte et faites les questions sans celui-ci, sinon ce serait trop facile, merci pour votre compréhension et bonne chanceAnswer the questions.\nEnglish exercise \"Agatha Christie's biography\" created by anonyme with The test builder\nClick here to see the current stats of this English test [Save] [Load] [?]\nEnd of the free exercise to learn English: Agatha Christie's biography\nA free English exercise to learn English.\nOther English exercises on the same topic : Literature | All our lessons and exercises", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Cable protection system\nThis article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2017)\nA cable protection system (CPS) protects subsea power cables against various factors that negatively impact on the cable lifetime, normally used when entering an offshore structure. When a subsea power cable is laid, there is an area where the cable can be subjected to increased dynamic forces, which the cable is not necessarily designed to survive over the lifetime of the installation.\nCable protection systems are used to allow the specification, and thus cost, of a subsea power cable to be reduced, by removing the need to include additional armoring of the cable. The resulting cables can be produced more cheaply, whilst still providing the 20 years + lifetime required.\nOffshore windfarm developers in particular have adopted the use of Cable protection systems due to the dynamic area where the cable comes from the seabed and enters the monopile/J-tube. This is in part due to the potential for localised scouring to occur near the structure.\nA CPS generally consists of three sections, a Centraliser or Monopile interface, a protection system for the dynamic area, and a protection system for the static area.\nThe installation of J-Tubes for offshore renewable monopiles was viewed as a costly approach, and a 'latching' type of cable protection system which penetrates the outer wall of the monopile, via a specifically designed angled aperture enables the simplification of monopile design, and removes the need for additional works post pile driving which usually involved the use of divers. This approach is becoming the industry standard in monopile design, assisting developers to reduce their costs for construction.\nArticulated half-pipe Cable protections systems have traditionally been used for the protection of cables at shore landings, and other areas where cable damage could be envisaged, and burial was not practical. Patents for variations of articulated pipe cable protections date back to 1929. The system was described as a cable armor shield\n\"adapted to protect the cable from damage and wear occasioned by rubbing on rocks, contacting with ships, anchors or other objects, and has for its object to provide a practical flexible armor shield of this class which can be readily applied to the cable at any point along its length.\"\nFrom their outset cable protection systems were designed to be simple, effective, and easy to assemble. The systems consisted of a series of half shells which had a convex flange at one end and a larger socket flange at the other allowing the sections to form a flexible universal joint connection between them. Due to the intended use of heavy cast or forged metals they also had the added advantage of increasing the weight of the cable being installed, thus reducing movement on the seabed.\nOver the years innovations have occurred improving the articulation of the joints with modern articulated pipes being more akin to ball-joints, and some manufacturers providing 'boltless' articulated pipes, thus saving assembly time.\nToday these articulated pipes are also utilised for their bend restriction properties, allowing them to be utilised as bend restrictors for the protected cable.\nCable protection systems are predominantly designed to protect the system from damage throughout the lifetime of the cable caused by fatigue, overbending of the cable, and to provide protection of the cable until it reaches an area of burial.\nThe cable protection system will be designed to provide protection for a specific lifetime, the 'design life' of the system, which may vary dependent upon the conditions encountered.\nOverbending of cable\nOverbending of the cable occurs when the cable is bent in a radius of less than the minimum bending radius defined by the manufacturer. Although the cable may initially survive the overbending, this can lead to subsequent fatigue within the cable ultimately leading to cable failure. The CPS selected should maintain a radius which is greater than the specified minimum bend radius.\nFatigue of CPS/cable within\nSubsea cable protection systems can encounter wear due to movement, and general changes in composition due to being submerged for a prolongued period of time, such as corrosion or changes in polymer based compounds. Consideration should be given to the induced effects on the CPS resulting from the dynamic elements in the environment. Simple changes such as changes in temperature, current or salinity can result in changes in the ability of the CPS to offer protection for the life of the cable. It is advisable to carefully assess the potential effects of movement of the CPS, relating to the dynamic abilities of the cable. The CPS may withstand the worst conditions seen over a 100yr period, but would the cable inside the CPS survive these movements. In some instances, such as shore ends for fibre optic cables where rocky outcrops are present, dynamic influences can be reduced by securing the articulated pipe to the seabed rock, thus reducing the degree of movement remaining.\nSome manufacturers have performed independent empirical testing to provide a simulated 25yr life cycle of the dynamic forces applicable to their product in order to provide customers with improved confidence in the survivability of the system.\nAnother cause for failure of subsea power cables is caused by overheating, which can occur where a cable is contained within a CPS without adequate ability to dissipate the heat produced by the cable. These lead to early fatigue of the cable insulation, necessitating the replacement of the cable.\nSubsea cable incidents account for around 77% of the total global cost of wind farm losses. Since 2007 this percentage, which has varied between 70% and 80%, is statistically reported year after year.\nSeabed stability is an important factor associated with cable protection systems. Should the cable protection system be too buoyant, it is less likely to remain in contact with the seabed, thus the CPS is more likely to require additional remedial stability measures, such as installation of concrete mattresses, rockbags, or rockdumping.\nWhen a CPS is being installed to interface with a monopile structure, there is likely to be seabed scouring to some degree. Should the scouring become excessive, the CPS may be suspended within a scour hole, and needs to be capable of supporting its own weight, and that of the cable within. Failure to sustain this loading scenario will lead to failure of the CPS, which will in turn allow the forces to act upon the cable within, ultimately leading to cable damage.\nWithin the renewables market in particular, installation of CPS's are preferred to be completely diverless, as this reduces the developers cost, and removes risk to human life through diving in a hazardous area.\nA final consideration for CPS is that of removal of the cable should a failure occur. Some designs require diver intervention to recover the cable with the CPS. Due consideration should also be given to the removal of a CPS should the CPS itself fail. The costs associated with CPS replacement during the operational lifetime of an offshore wind farm are not insignificant, as the cable will most likely require repair/replacement as part of the process.\n|An example of these polymer bend restrictors|\n|One supplier with metal half shells for the static zone and polymer based bend restrictor|\n|Another example of a polymer and metal system|\nVarious innovative systems have been developed to provide restriction of bending, including ductile iron articulated pipe, and polymer or metal based vertebrae systems. Vertebrae bend restrictors are available in both metal and polymer based forms. Some cable protection systems include a polymer based vertebrae system which restricts the bend radius to a maximum of a few degrees per segment. These systems are lighter (in water) than their metal equivalents and often more expensive to produce but must be carefully assessed for longevity in the proposed application. Due to the use of polymers these systems tend to be of a larger diameter than their metal counterparts, which presents a larger surface area for drag induced forces caused by currents.\nBend stiffeners are conically shaped polymer mouldings designed to add local stiffness to the product contained within, limiting bending stresses and curvature to acceptable levels. Bend stiffeners are generally suitable for water depths of 35 metres or less, and their suitability is highly dependent on currents and seabed conditions at site. Extreme care must be taken when selecting a stiffener, especially relating to the lifespan of the system as these themselves can become fatigued/fragile. As the stiffness of these products are dependent upon the nature of the plastic used, careful testing and QA of plastics should be carefully considered as flaws introduced during material manufacture, processing, machining and molding.\nVarious other polymer based systems have been developed which provide a flexible 'tube' which can be attached to the structure in advance of the cable being installed, although these are relatively new to the industry, and considered by some as unproven.\nAlthough there are no specific standards for cable protections systems, DNVGL-RP-0360 Subsea power cables in shallow water includes a section on Cable Protection at the interface to a structure (Section 4.7).\n- O, Hoeftmann Alexander (inventor) (September 8, 1931). \"Cable shield - US1822624 A\". Google patents. Retrieved 2017-03-15.\n- \"Vos Prodect\". www.vos-prodect.com. Retrieved 2017-03-15.\n- \"CPNL Engineering | cable protection solutions\". CPNL Engineering | cable protection solutions. Retrieved 2017-03-15.\n- \"Protectorshell Articulated / Split pipe\". www.protectorshell.com. Retrieved 2017-03-15.\n- \"Ductile Iron Data - Section 3 - Part 1\". www.ductile.org. Retrieved 2017-03-15.\nThis article may be in the wrong category or belong in further categories. (January 2019)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What Is Distribution?\nDistribution is the mechanism by which goods are delivered from the producer to the consumer. In its simplest form, distribution is the system that encompasses the entire process from shipping the goods from the manufacturer to the wholesaler and then to the retailers. The distribution business is one stage of the supply chain that transports products and materials from a manufacturer to retailers.\nDistribution is defined as the process of getting goods to consumers. Distribution can be international; for example, packaged corn produced in China is imported into the US and distributed in different states.\nWhat Does a Distributor Do?\nThe distributor is the name given to real or legal persons who promote or supply products to stores or companies. The distributor accomplishes this task by intermediating between the manufacturer of a product and another business in the supply channel. In short, a distributor is a person or company that buys a product or product line and sells them directly to end-users or customers. Distributors generally work with commissions based on sales they make or mediate.\nManufacturers need distributors to promote and sell their products in the domestic or foreign market. It is complicated for the manufacturer to both produce a good and deal with various items such as distribution, logistics, promotion, and sales alone. Generally, manufacturing companies either work with a different distributor or establish a subsidiary company responsible for the organization of this business.\nFunctions of Distributors\n- Performing sales by marketing the products of manufacturers and/or wholesalers.\n- Providing training support to dealers and arranging pre-sales training.\n- Informing the sellers about the product and providing training on product features if necessary.\n- Marketing and selling the product to both dealers and system integrators.\nWhat Is the Distributor System?\nDistributors that are authorized to promote and sell products belonging to a manufacturer or supplier in certain regions are called distributors. While some distributors stock and sell the products, some just forward the incoming orders to the supplier company or regional directorates.\nDistributors are wholesale agents that connect manufacturers and retailers. Distributors purchase large quantities of goods from the manufacturer and supply them to individual retailers, thus eliminating the need for the manufacturer to contact multiple retailers individually.\nSelection of Distribution Channels\nCompanies need to deliver their products to the market through a channel that suits their customers’ preferences. For example, a brand targeting a high-income customer base should distribute its product to the stores where potential customers at this income level shop. Today, e-commerce is spreading rapidly, and almost every product is sold on e-commerce sites.\nA company that will carry out e-commerce may choose to send its products to e-commerce companies and sell their stocks. Another option is the dropshipping method. The manufacturer company can sell the products through its e-commerce site, or an intermediary company can distribute products between the manufacturer and the e-commerce sites. In each of these four options, the product distribution and customer delivery processes differ.\nBriefly, the three major flows in the distribution channel, the physical flow of goods, the flow of information, and providing support, regulate the flow of money and help the firm. Sales and distribution channels vary according to the type of product, the regional conditions, and the structure of the countries. The demographic and cultural structure of the countries and the physical conditions of the countries affect the selection and operation of the distribution channels.\nDistribution Channel Types\nDistribution channels are sets of organizations that rely on each other and assist in using or consuming the product or service. The distribution (marketing) channel is a series of private and legal marketing persons and organizations, ranging from the manufacturer or producer to intermediate users or consumers. Distribution channels are divided into two as direct (direct; direct) and indirect (indirect) based on the nature of the relations between channel members.\na) Direct Distribution: With the manufacturer’s own sales organization; is the situation where the product is sold directly to the consumer (final or industrial). In other words, the buying and selling transaction is done through the distribution channel, with the producer at one end and the consumer at the other. Indirect distribution, the producer directly addresses the consumer and performs the necessary marketing functions himself. However, for direct distribution to occur, all or some of the following conditions must be present.\nb) Indirect distribution: It is the situation in which commercial organizations provide the buying and selling relationship between the producer and the consumer with legal and economic independence. Independent commercial organizations are wholesalers, semi wholesalers, retailers, agents. etc., at various levels of distribution channels.\nClassification of Distribution Channels\na) Distribution Channels by Type of Relationship\nDistribution channels can be classified according to whether the relationship between channel members is direct or indirect. Direct distribution means that channel members fulfill the full distribution function of the goods or services they undertake to distribute. That is, no other intermediary or intermediaries are assigned in the distribution of the goods.\nb) Distribution Channels According to Management Strategies\nDistribution channels are divided into two as an individual (traditional) and vertical distribution channels in terms of management.\nTraditional distribution channels; consist of individual and autonomous businesses. These types of businesses are weakly linked to each other. They cannot affect each other horizontally or vertically. Companies in traditional distribution channels act independently of each other.\nVertical distribution channels operate within the framework of a system. The activities, management, and behavior of the units or businesses that make up the distribution channel are under control. The distribution channel is under the control and supervision of a manager or leader within the channel. Competition between distribution channels brings some channel members together, causing them to organize among themselves under the leadership of a channel leader.\nc) Distribution Channels According to the Direction of Integration\nThe intermediaries in the distribution channel tend to integrate within the channel to get a larger share of the distribution profits on the one hand and gain a competitive advantage over other distribution channels or to meet the competition on the other hand. Integration can be both vertical and horizontal.\nThe Role and Importance of Distribution Channels\n- Distribution channels offer sales expertise.\n- Distribution channels increase distribution efficiency.\n- The channels offer products in the required assortment.\n- They assist in the commercialization of products.\n- Distribution channels help drive the price mechanism between the firm and the end customers.\n- Distribution channels help to keep stock.\nExamples Of Distribution\n- Retail: Ikea\nIkea operates its own retail shops all over the world.\n- Wholesale: Apple\nApple company sells 10,000 phones every month to its distributor in Spain.\n- Direct Marketing: Best Cleaners\nA company that sells cleaning products used in bathrooms and kitchens sells its products through telemarketing and TV sales channels with sales techniques.\n- Ecommerce: Amazon\nMany companies sell their products from the e-shops they open within the Amazon e-commerce site, over the internet.\n- Dealer Network: Ford\nFord automotive company sells through a network of authorized, independently owned dealerships in the US.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "One of the case studies of this year's Stockholm Water Symposium is Lake Victoria, an important natural resource in east Africa, which is under stress. The rapidly growing populations in the three riparian states of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania creates a heavy pressure on natural resources and environment conditions. Lake Victoria is also the source of the Nile river, which means that this river transports pollution from the lake all the way to the Mediterranean.\nWith a surface area of 68,000 sq km, lake Victoria is the world's second largest freshwater lake and is rather shallow with a mean depth of only 40 m and a maximum depth of around 80 m. Several small bays and wetlands dot the shoreline of the lake. The lake is situated in the equator and its water regime is characterised by high precipitation and evaporation in comparison with river inflow and outflow. Precipitation and evaporation, which are estimated to be of equal size, account for 85 per cent of the input and output respectively.\nPollution in Lake Victoria is increasing due to the rapid population growth around the lake basin. Surrounding urban centres have been found to possess a defunct sewage system that releases raw sewage into the lake. Industries in the region are not well-equipped with efficient wastewater treatment plants and they often dump their effluent directly into the lake. In Tanzania, the gold rush puts an additional stress on the environment, with discharges of heavy metals such as mercury. Land use in the catchment zone too plays a major role in the pollution process, since oil erosion leads to higher loads of sediment in the rivers.\nWe are a voice to you; you have been a support to us. Together we build journalism that is independent, credible and fearless. You can further help us by making a donation. This will mean a lot for our ability to bring you news, perspectives and analysis from the ground so that we can make change together.\nComments are moderated and will be published only after the site moderator’s approval. Please use a genuine email ID and provide your name. Selected comments may also be used in the ‘Letters’ section of the Down To Earth print edition.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This is one of seven resource pages chronicling how the owner, funder, designers and builders addressed the Petals of the Living Challenge as they planned and built the Kendeda Building for Innovative Sustainable Design at Georgia Tech. Click here for similar resources on the other petals.\nWhat does the Energy Petal require?\nUnder Living Building Challenge 4.0, the Energy Petal consists of two imperatives. Energy + Carbon Reduction requires new buildings to use 70 percent less energy (after accounting for onsite renewables) than typical buildings in the same class. With few exceptions, new buildings may not use combustion, must generate renewable energy and “must demonstrate a 20% reduction in the embodied carbon” construction materials from a baseline. The Net Positive Carbon imperative requires buildings to generate 5 percent more energy than they use, to track embodied carbon from construction, and to incorporate “a resilience strategy” allowing the building to be occupied for a week by relying on energy storage.\nThe Kendeda Building is seeking certification under LBC 3.3, in which the Energy Petal only had one imperative. Net Positive Energy required the project to generate 105 percent of its energy needs and to have a resilience strategy.\nHow they did it\nCan buildings in hot, humid climates give more clean energy than they take?\nThat was a core question as the design team began work on the 40,000-square-foot, multipurpose building. It was to become the largest net-positive clean energy building, by far, in the Southeast’s hot, humid climate — with ramifications for similar environments around the globe. The five articles below stand on their own or can be read as a narrative to describe how the architects, engineers and builders figured out how to reach their difficult goal.\nScott Mowinski, mechanical engineer\nNearly any building could attain net-positive energy with a large enough solar array and plenty of battery storage. But without thinking through the way that energy is used, that approach could get mighty expensive. One of the Kendeda Building’s lead engineers explains that the real key is creative problem solving. READ MORE", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Fall 2014 begins today at 10:29 p.m. ET, and here's your leaf-peeping forecast. With less daylight and cooler nights, trees begin to change color.\nBy late September and early October, areas in the United States that see leaves change color are mostly in the northern Great Lakes near the Canadian border, northern New England and in the higher elevations of the Rockies and northern Appalachian Mountains.\nBy the middle of October, the colorful carpet of leaves begins to slide further south into most of the Midwest, lower elevations of the West and all the way along the southern Appalachians in the East. Major cities that see peak color at this time are Denver and Chicago.\nBy late October, fall colors slide even further south and ocean-moderated cities that are on the coast in the Northeast such as Portland and Boston begin to see colors peak. Also, the Mid-Mississippi Valley around St. Louis and Kansas City begin to experience colors peak.\nIn the West, lower elevations in the Sierra Nevada Mountains begin to see color, just outside of Sacramento, California, and up into the Pacific Northwest, Cascade Mountains from Portland to Seattle.\nFinally, by Halloween and into early November, leaves peak from New York City to the Carolinas and into Atlanta. Trees in the Southern Plains around Dallas will be getting close to their peak colors as well.\nTrees along the Gulf Coast, Florida and coastal California don't really change color because the majority of them are palm trees. There is a small percentage of deciduous trees that do grow in such tropical areas and can change color throughout winter time, but the majority stay green.\nIf you are wondering what the forecast is for autumn 2014, here is the official NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) and CPC (Climate Predictions Center) forecast.\nWarmer and drier-than-normal weather will continue for the entire West Coast including cities such as Seattle, San Francisco and Los Angeles.\nAlso, milder-than-normal conditions are possible for most of the Midwest, the Great Lakes from Chicago to Cleveland and the East Coast from NYC to Miami.\nWetter and cool-than-normal conditions will continue for the parts of the Southwest and into Texas. Also, Florida could see a wetter-than-normal fall season.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A key aspect of our Physics teaching is to guide you through the key mathematical skills required for the exam. Often understanding number, logs, graphs and units can easily add to your score. As we go through the core topic areas required we will develop these methods, as well as showing you the shortcuts to solving what can seem complex mathematical problems. We keep the mathematics as simple as possible and focus on understanding concepts and how the GAMSAT asks you to apply these. All areas, which have featured over the past eighteen years, are covered and you will again test yourself as you go along with inset problems. The key concepts are reinforced in the accompanying extensive study guide, in addition to thousands of additional problems to reinforce concepts.\nClick Here to View the Syllabus", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Welcome To All The Wrte Moves Presented By: Priscilla Jones Program Specialist N.J. G&S\nAgenda 6:30-6:40 Introduction 6:40-7:50 Slide Presentation and Activities 7:50-8:15 Assessment, Questions, Discussion, and Feedback 8:15-8:25 Evaluation 8:25-8:30 Clean Up Time\nTonight’s Objective Through a presentation of developmental information , performance standards, and hands-on activities, participants will identify the writing process of a preschool child and will be able to develop an appropriate writing program into their daily classroom.\nSylvia Ashton Warner taught for 24 years in a Maori school in New Zealand. This quote explains her philosophy on how children begin to develop a sight reading vocabulary: “First words must mean something to a child. They must be part of his being. They must be words organically tied up, organically born from the dynamic life itself. They must be words that are already part of his being. First words, first books must be made out of the child itself. I reach into the mind of the child, bring out a handful of the stuff I find there and use that as our first working material. This is their key vocabulary. (Sylvia Ashton Warner, 1963) *Source: Beyond Centers &Circle Time: Scaffolding and Assessing the Play of Young Children\nTeachers encourage the reading and writing of young children by surrounding them with an environment that is full of meaningful print.\nVocabulary Writing Centers: specific areas within the classroom that encourage writing by providing interesting writing materials and appropriate models. Just tracing letters is not appropriate. Focus on free-form writing. *review make-shift writing center\nClass Books: allow each child to contribute an individual page to a group book. Sometimes the basic text is predictable but allow children to make small changes.\nJournal Writing: is common in many kindergartens. Journals allow teachers and children to track writing progress over an extended period of time. This is a great way to begin a child’s portfolio. Pocket Stories: encourage children to explore word boundaries and the relationship between spoken and written language. Children dictate a sentence to go with a picture they create. Duplicate words can be matched to the words in their sentence and stored in the pocket at the bottom of the page. Sentence Fill-Ins: allow children to experiment with writing by adding a word or phrase to a predictable text. Children can observe how writing alters the meaning of the original text.\nWriting on Interactive Charts: enable children to experiment with the way writing conveys meaning. Children can write a word or phrase to add to the interactive part of the chart. Literacy Suitcases: extend the literacy curriculum from school to home. Literacy suitcases are take-home version of classroom writing materials. *the ones here are for classroom purposes.\nWriting Portfolios Writing portfolios are a great way to track the writing progression of a child. They give the child focused experience with writing. They can add illustrations to their writing. You can dictate a child-drawn picture when they first begin writing. Children at this stage are developing object to word meaning. There should be time set aside each week for portfolio writing. BP\nBig Books Benefits Big books are enlarged-print versions of predictable books, poems, or songs. The words are printed with large letters for easy child-viewing. Big books are an important component of early childhood reading and writing because they facilitate children's construction of important concepts about written language, such as: Sound symbol relationships Voice –print pairing Boundaries of words Left-to-write and top-to-bottom progression Use of upper and lowercase letters\nMake sure that the length and the content of big books are appropriate for your classroom age children. Teachers can make their own big books by using poster board folded in half. You can then illustrate the book yourself, or let the children illustrate the book. You can then write the words underneath the pictures to tell the story. Making a big book for each month in your class will be a great way for the children to experience writing and you will end up with a collection of great big books!\nWhat is a good source of materials for your big books? Predictable books, songs and poems that are of high interest to your children. Making a big book for each of your themes is a great idea. Books that have a repeating line of text, with one or two word changes per page, are good choices. Example: The chicken ran down the hill The chicken ran back up the hill The chicken was surely out of breath But the chicken said, “Oh my, what a thrill”\nAs children transition into reading, they must construct the _________________________ between the sounds, or phonemes. (phonemic awareness) They must also learn to pair each spoken word with a written counterpart (_________________). When teachers carefully point to each word in a big book as they read it, children begin to form these important relationships. They also begin to discern the __________________ and the significance of the space between two words. When pointed to the text as you read, children gradually realize that the text is always read from __________ and from _____________. They learn to distinguish __________________________and may begin to understand how upper-case letters are used. Example: Children begin to realize that their name begins with an uppercase letter. sound-symbol relationship voice-print pairing boundaries of words left to right top to bottom upper-and lowercase letters\nWhat is a Philosophy? Goals are based on environmental, maturational, and interactional assumptions about how children might learn. You will set goals for yourself and how your classroom will function based on the needs of the children at any given time. Goals have a broad range. A philosophystatement is established at the onset of the program and creates a foundation for how the school overall will operate as a learning facility.\nExample At ABC Preschool, we value the natural process of learning and ensure that our program will enhance the children’s learning process. We will provide developmentally appropriate learning experiences that will engage and encourage the natural learning process. Teachers and staff will be of the highest quality and will be hired with the intent that they will adhere to the teaching strategies of the school. Hands-on learning experiences and learning centers will be present indoors and outdoors to encourage independent learning as well as parallel learning with peers. The implemented curriculum will be open-ended and will provide sufficient and appropriate learning experiences. At ABC Preschool our doors are open and we encourage families to be a part of the children’s education and learning experiences. Parents/guardians are encouraged to attend quality meetings to ensure the success of the whole child.\nMy Writing Philosophy Writing is an fundamental component of the learning process. It coincides with reading and every other part of the developmental progression. Children will be exposed to writing in the dailyclassroom through various use of materials and experiences. Their writing occurrences will be open-ended with plentiful room for creativity and imagination. There will be opportunities for them to share their ideas and stories. The environment will be print-rich with ample writing opportunities and appropriate materials to encourage free-formation of symbols.\nFeedback Time Let’s talk about what you can do tomorrow to implement a quality writing center into your program or extend on what you have now… Do you think you will look at writing in a different way in your classroom after this workshop? Why? Do you see that by recycling materials, you can create a quality writing center into your classroom that feeds the imagination of children and keeps them interacting with you and their peers? Let’s talk materials!\nThank you for coming!Some of the information in this presentation was provided by More Than Letters written by, Sally Moomaw and Brenda Hieronymus", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Cannons believed to be from Morgan's 'pirate' ships\nPhoto Donnie Reid\nBy Thomas H. Maugh II - Seattle Times\nArchaeologists have recovered six cannons from the ships of Welsh privateer Sir Henry Morgan, the first artifacts found in Panama to be linked to the man who remains a legend there, the team said Monday.\nMorgan had sent three ships and a crew of 470 men to capture the Castillo de San Lorenzo el Real de Chagres, a fort that guarded the approach to the capital of Panama City. Morgan and his men were sailing up the Chagres River to join them when his flagship, the Satisfaction, and at least three other vessels crashed on Lajas Reef, sinking in shallow water.\nMembers of Morgan's force paddled upriver and walked overland to reach Panama City, which they successfully sacked. But their wrecked ships were abandoned and left to amateur archaeologists and looters.\n\"Every schoolkid learns about Morgan's activities, but we have never seen any of his materials,\" said archaeologist Tomas Mendizibal, a research associate at Patronato Panama Viejo, a government agency that is overseeing excavation of the original site of Panama City. \"If these are indeed his cannons, it would be a first.\" Mendizibal was not involved in the discovery.\nMorgan is generally thought of as a pirate, but he was commissioned as a privateer by the English crown to attack enemy vessels and protect the British colonies of Barbados and Jamaica because the royal navy was unable to do so. He became the scourge of the Spanish in the Caribbean and was eventually knighted and made governor of Jamaica.\nA joint American-Panamanian team has been exploring the mouth of the Chagres River since 2008, documenting its rich history. Christopher Columbus found it in 1502 on his fourth voyage to the New World, and it became the gateway to Panama City, Spain's main port in the Pacific.\nFollowing the decline of the Spanish empire in the late 18th century, the city became a backwater port and an entree for smuggling and illicit trade. With the California gold rush, the Chagres River again saw a flurry of activity, but the construction of the Panama railroad shifted transit traffic to the port of Colon and by 1855 the river was again a backwater.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Macro photography is defined as the type of photography that focuses on capturing small objects. It could be an insect or some small creature, a fine detail of an object, anything small that may catch your fancy.\nBut as some photographers like Simon Grossett would attest, is also a challenging type of photography as well as there are specific settings to learn and equipment needed to accomplish it. Today, we shall be talking more about macro photography in depth as to how you can accomplish this type of photography.\nThe most important piece of equipment you would need for macro is the optics. In particular, you would need a lens that can move far away from the sensor since the subject is very close to the lens.\nAs such, most lenses cannot focus because the elements inside the lens are optimized for “regular” shooting and cannot deliver high quality when the nodal point is too far from the lens. Also, as the nodal point gains distance from the sensor, less light is hitting the sensor. If the lens was rated at, say. f/1.8 for “regular” photographs, it may not be able to deliver f/1.8 when the nodal point is that far away from the sensor.\nTo optimize your camera’s performance in macro photography, your camera should be equipped with macro lenses which are optimized for shooting at close focusing distances, less limited in getting the nodal point away from the sensor.\nAnother piece of equipment that can is useful to provide macro functionality is the macro extension tube. It is a circular elements that connect between the camera and the lens.\nIf you have limited budget to buy such equipment, there are less expensive alternatives. One of them would be the macro filters. There is also the method of reversing the lens which makes it gain macro abilities to an extent.\nAnother method is using two lenses to create a macro effect somewhat similar to the setup that microscopes use. The first lens creates the image and the second one makes it bigger. You connect the lenses using a coupling ring and step-up rings if needed.\nWhen you shoot macro you have a very limited depth of field. With that shallow depth of field every change in the camera to object distance is crucial and can throw the subject into the blurred zone so you want to make sure that both the subject and the camera stays still, which is what a tripod is for.\nLIGHTING FOR MACRO\nWith the settings in place for macro photography, one drawback with these settings is that light becomes too minimal to capture your subject well. But fortunately, there is a way to overcome the lack of light: strobes.\nStrobes put out lots of light, sometimes too much light that you may need to dial the settings down. Another challenge is the light from the strobes can sometimes create unnecessary shadows. That is why it is important to place a diffused strobe pretty close to the subject, and another is using a ring flash.\nTAKING THE SHOT\nFirst things first, as it is often reminded, you should set your camera to manual focus. With a limited depth of field, as a photographer, you should be the one calling the creative calls (i.e. what’s in focus) and not depend on the location of the focus sensor in your camera. Proper composition is important.\nTip: If there is a subject you wish to capture from a different or position, it would be very difficult doing so by moving the camera. Instead, reframe by moving subject instead. Just remember to re-focus.\nHow about the shallow depth of field problem? The good news is that it is completely doable. The bad news is this solution requires some work.\nThis work is called focus stacking is a method that combines the focused areas from a sequence of images, like different parts of an image then combining them into a single image through software.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Here is a human made disasters list. We can be very destructive creatures and here is the proof and a list of what our species has done.\nDisasters caused by humans include aviation (flying) accidents, arson (lighting a fire to burn something), CBRNs (where a country has a powerful weapon), civil disorder (where people riot or do crimes), power outages (where electricity is interrupted), public relations crises where a company must tell bad news, radiation contamination (where nuclear weapons are used or accidentally get out of control), disasters in space, a telecommunications outage (not being able to communicate), terrorism (where a group attacks civilians or says they will attack to gain something), and war (fighting with weapons between large groups)cyclones .\n-Inflation and scarcity of resources\n-Mobs competing for resources\n-Lack of medical supplies\n-Polluted water and air\n-Nuclear fallout-where to go-what to do-how to prepare\n-Tyranny and violent corruption\nSurviving Human Caused Disaster\n-barricading your home\n-staying under the radar\n-getting what you need beforehand\n-getting what you need after the fact\n-keeping a healthy immune system.\n-quarantining your home from the outside world. Gas masks etc.\n-making a splint\n-bandaging a wound\n-treating a sick patient\n-wilderness first aid\n-how to overthrow a corrupt government\n-how to resist. Strength in numbers\n-If a riot breaks out no more rules apply.\nLiving through a disaster To live through a disaster, it is important that your family and your city prepare in advance. This may be making a pack of things you need in an emergency, it may be a government sending soldiers to help, or it may be something in between.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Number theory is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the properties and relationships of numbers. It plays a crucial role in reference education, providing students with a solid foundation for further mathematical exploration. For instance, consider the case study of Sarah, a high school student struggling to understand algebraic equations. By studying number theory concepts such as prime numbers and divisibility rules, Sarah not only gained a deeper understanding of algebra but also developed problem-solving skills that extended beyond her math class.\nIn reference education, number theory serves as an essential tool for developing critical thinking and analytical reasoning abilities. Through the study of number patterns and their applications, students are exposed to logical reasoning strategies that can be applied across various disciplines. This academic style of learning cultivates intellectual curiosity and encourages students to approach problems from multiple angles. Moreover, by exploring topics like modular arithmetic and Diophantine equations, learners gain valuable insights into abstract mathematical concepts that lay the groundwork for future studies in advanced branches of mathematics such as cryptography or computer science.\nOverall, the incorporation of number theory in reference education provides students with opportunities to develop both foundational mathematical skills and broader cognitive abilities necessary for success in academia and beyond. By engaging with this fascinating field of mathematics, learners acquire problem-solving techniques and enhance their ability to think critically and analytically. They learn to approach problems systematically, breaking them down into smaller components and applying logical reasoning to find solutions. This skill set is not only valuable in mathematics but also in other subjects and real-life situations. Number theory also encourages creativity as students explore different strategies and approaches to solve problems. By studying number patterns, students develop an intuition for numbers, which can aid in making connections between different mathematical concepts. Furthermore, the abstract nature of number theory challenges students to think outside the box and consider unconventional approaches to problem-solving. Overall, incorporating number theory in reference education equips students with a versatile skill set that can be applied across various disciplines and fosters a deeper understanding and appreciation for mathematics as a whole.\nHistory of Number Theory\nNumber theory, a branch of mathematics that focuses on the properties and relationships of numbers, has a rich and fascinating history. To illustrate its relevance, let us consider the famous case study of Fermat’s Last Theorem. In the 17th century, Pierre de Fermat proposed this conjecture, stating that there are no three positive integers a, b, and c that satisfy the equation an + bn = cn for any integer value of n greater than two. This tantalizing problem intrigued mathematicians for over 350 years before it was finally proven by Andrew Wiles in 1994.\nThe development of number theory can be traced back to ancient civilizations such as Babylonian and Egyptian cultures, where basic arithmetic operations were performed using various numerical systems. However, it was not until around the 6th century BCE when Pythagoras and his followers made significant progress in understanding irrational numbers and their relationship to geometry. As time passed, prominent mathematicians like Euclid, Diophantus, and Fibonacci further expanded upon these ideas and contributed to the foundation of number theory as we know it today.\nTo appreciate the significance of number theory throughout history, consider the following emotional bullet points:\n- Number theory has provided solutions to real-world problems such as encryption algorithms used in cybersecurity.\n- It has played a crucial role in developing techniques for prime factorization, which is vital for cryptography.\n- Mathematical concepts originating from number theory have found applications in diverse areas including computer science and physics.\n- By exploring patterns within numbers themselves, number theory encourages abstract thinking and fosters analytical skills.\nAdditionally, let us examine a table showcasing influential mathematicians who made notable contributions to number theory:\n|Pythagoras||Developed theories on rational and irrational numbers||6th century BCE|\n|Euclid||Introduced the concept of prime numbers||3rd century BCE|\n|Diophantus||Pioneered algebraic methods in number theory||3rd century CE|\n|Fibonacci||Studied the properties of his self-named sequence||13th century CE|\nIn conclusion, the history of number theory is a testament to humanity’s enduring pursuit of understanding and exploring mathematical concepts. From ancient civilizations to modern-day mathematicians, this discipline has evolved over centuries, unraveling mysteries and inspiring new avenues of research. Understanding its historical context not only enhances our appreciation for number theory but also highlights its relevance as we delve into its importance in education in the subsequent section.\nMoving forward with the discussion on the “Importance of Number Theory in Education,” it becomes evident that the legacy of this field stretches far beyond mere academic curiosity.\nImportance of Number Theory in Education\nTransitioning from the previous section on the history of number theory, it is evident that this field of mathematics holds significant importance in education. To illustrate its relevance, let us consider a hypothetical scenario where a middle school teacher introduces her students to prime numbers during a math lesson. The students are intrigued as they discover the unique properties and applications of prime numbers, sparking their curiosity and deepening their understanding of mathematical concepts.\nThe incorporation of number theory into education offers several benefits for students at different academic levels. Here are some key reasons why number theory holds such importance:\nDevelopment of critical thinking skills:\n- Encourages logical reasoning and problem-solving abilities\n- Promotes analytical thinking through pattern recognition\n- Enhances deductive and inductive reasoning capabilities\nFostering creativity and curiosity:\n- Inspires students to explore beyond textbook problems\n- Engages learners by presenting puzzles and challenges\n- Cultivates an environment conducive to questioning and inquiry\nBuilding a strong foundation in mathematics:\n- Deepens conceptual understanding of arithmetic operations\n- Provides a bridge between algebraic expressions and real-world scenarios\n- Strengthens computational fluency through mental math exercises\nPreparing for advanced fields:\n- Equips students with essential knowledge for higher-level mathematics courses\n- Lays the groundwork for future studies in cryptography, computer science, or engineering\n- Develops problem-solving strategies applicable across various disciplines\nTo further emphasize the significance of incorporating number theory into education, we can examine the following table:\n|Benefits of Number Theory||Impact on Students|\n|Enhanced critical thinking skills||Improved problem-solving abilities|\n|Increased curiosity and creativity||Deeper engagement with mathematics|\n|Stronger foundational understanding||Higher success rates in math|\n|Preparation for advanced fields||Broader career opportunities|\nIn conclusion, the importance of number theory in education cannot be overstated. By integrating this branch of mathematics into curricula, educators can cultivate critical thinking skills, foster curiosity and creativity, build strong mathematical foundations, and prepare students for advanced studies or careers. The subsequent section will explore real-life applications where number theory finds practical use.\nTransitioning to the next section on “Applications of Number Theory in Real Life,” we delve into how these theoretical concepts find relevance beyond the classroom setting.\nApplications of Number Theory in Real Life\nSection H2: Applications of Number Theory in Real Life\nReal-life applications of number theory showcase the practical relevance and impact this field has on various aspects of our daily lives. One such example is the encryption algorithms used in secure communication systems. Public key cryptography, a widely-used method for securing online transactions and communications, relies heavily on number theory concepts.\nConsider an example where two individuals, Alice and Bob, want to exchange sensitive information over the internet. They each have a pair of keys – a public key that anyone can see and use to encrypt messages, and a private key that only they possess to decrypt those encrypted messages. The security of this system hinges on the difficulty of factoring large composite numbers into their prime factors – a fundamental problem in number theory known as integer factorization.\nThe real-life applications of number theory extend beyond just encryption algorithms. Here are some other areas where number theory plays a crucial role:\n- Cryptocurrency systems like Bitcoin utilize advanced mathematical principles based on number theory to ensure the integrity and security of digital transactions.\n- Error-correcting codes, which are essential in data storage devices like CDs or DVDs, rely on mathematical properties derived from number theory.\n- Prime numbers find practical application in fields ranging from computer science (primality testing) to physics (quantum mechanics).\nThese examples highlight how number theory is not confined to abstract mathematics but has tangible implications in our everyday lives. By exploring its applicability in diverse domains, we gain insights into both the theoretical foundations and practical significance of this branch of mathematics.\nIn the subsequent section about “Fundamental Concepts in Number Theory,” we will delve deeper into the core principles underlying these real-world applications.\nFundamental Concepts in Number Theory\nApplications of Number Theory in Real Life have demonstrated the practicality and relevance of this branch of mathematics. Now, let us delve into the fundamental concepts that form the backbone of number theory.\nOne key area where number theory finds applications is in cryptography. For example, consider RSA encryption, a widely used method for secure communication online. In this system, two large prime numbers are multiplied to generate a public key, while their factors remain secret as the private key. The security lies in the difficulty of factoring large numbers into primes without knowledge of these primes themselves. This application showcases how number theory can protect sensitive information from malicious actors.\nTo gain further insights into number theory’s significance, we shall explore some essential concepts within it:\n- Prime Numbers: These integers greater than 1 possess no divisors other than 1 and themselves.\n- Divisibility: It refers to an integer evenly dividing another integer without leaving any remainder.\n- Modular Arithmetic: This arithmetic deals with operations on remainders when one number is divided by another.\n- Diophantine Equations: Named after ancient Greek mathematician Diophantus, these equations involve finding integer solutions for variables rather than general real or complex values.\nLet us visualize this information through a table highlighting different properties related to divisibility:\n|Divisible by 2||14||Ends with an even digit|\n|Divisible by 3||243||Sum of digits is divisible by 3|\n|Divisible by 5||105||Ends with either ‘0’ or ‘5’|\n|Divisible by both 2 and 3||18||Satisfies both criteria above|\nAs we conclude our exploration of fundamental concepts in number theory, it becomes apparent that studying these principles provides a solid foundation for further exploration of the field. In the subsequent section, we will delve into the contributions made by famous number theorists and their lasting impacts on mathematics.\nNext Section: Famous Number Theorists and Their Contributions\nFamous Number Theorists and Their Contributions\nTransitioning from the fundamental concepts in number theory, we now turn our attention to the incredible contributions made by famous number theorists throughout history. To bring these achievements closer to home, let us consider a case study involving Pierre de Fermat. In 1637, Fermat famously wrote in the margins of his copy of Diophantus’ Arithmetica that he had discovered “a truly marvelous proof” for what is now known as Fermat’s Last Theorem. This tantalizing claim captured the imagination of mathematicians for centuries until it was finally proven by Andrew Wiles in 1994.\nAs we delve into the world of famous number theorists, several notable figures emerge who have left an indelible mark on this field. These individuals have not only advanced our understanding of numbers but also revolutionized other areas of mathematics through their profound insights. Let us explore some key figures and their remarkable contributions:\n- Carl Friedrich Gauss: Known as the Prince of Mathematicians, Gauss made significant advancements in algebraic number theory and modular forms.\n- Évariste Galois: Despite dying at a young age, Galois laid the foundation for group theory and established a connection between symmetries and equations.\n- Alan Turing: Renowned for his groundbreaking work in computer science and cryptography, Turing applied number-theoretic techniques to solve complex problems during World War II.\n- Sophie Germain: A self-taught mathematician, Germain overcame gender barriers to contribute significantly to elasticity theory and prime numbers.\nTo gain further insight into the accomplishments of these prominent thinkers, let us examine Table 1 below:\nTable 1: Notable Number Theorists and Their Contributions\n|Pierre de Fermat||Pioneered modern number theory; proposed numerous conjectures|\n|Carl Friedrich Gauss||Developed the fundamental theorem of arithmetic; made discoveries in modular forms|\n|Évariste Galois||Established the connection between symmetries and equations through group theory|\n|Alan Turing||Applied number-theoretic techniques to cryptography and computer science|\n|Sophie Germain||Made significant contributions to elasticity theory and prime numbers|\nIn summary, the field of number theory owes much of its progress to the brilliant minds who have dedicated their lives to exploring its intricacies. Their innovative ideas continue to shape mathematics as a whole, inspiring future generations of mathematicians.\nAs we look ahead to the future of number theory research, it becomes evident that these past achievements provide a solid foundation for further exploration and discovery.\nFuture of Number Theory Research\nTransitioning from the previous section on famous number theorists and their contributions, it is evident that number theory has had a profound impact on various fields. One example that highlights this influence is the encryption algorithms used in modern cybersecurity systems. Cryptography relies heavily on number theory concepts such as prime factorization and modular arithmetic to ensure secure communication over networks.\nTo further understand the significance of number theory in modern applications, let us explore some key areas where its principles are employed:\n- Cryptography: As mentioned earlier, encryption techniques based on number theory provide a fundamental layer of security for sensitive information transmitted digitally.\n- Coding Theory: Error-correcting codes rely on mathematical structures derived from number theory to detect and correct errors during data transmission.\n- Cryptocurrency: Digital currencies like Bitcoin utilize cryptographic protocols underpinned by advanced concepts from number theory to secure transactions without relying on central authorities.\n- Data Compression: Algorithms based on number theoretic principles enable efficient compression methods, reducing file sizes while preserving data integrity.\nTo illustrate the importance of these applications, consider the following table showcasing real-world instances where number theory plays a crucial role:\n|Online Banking||Protects financial transactions against unauthorized access using robust cryptographic mechanisms.|\n|Satellite Communication||Ensures reliable communication between satellites and ground stations through error correction codes.|\n|Secure Messaging||Enables encrypted messaging platforms that safeguard privacy and prevent unauthorized interception.|\n|Medical Imaging||Efficient image compression techniques reduce file sizes while maintaining diagnostic accuracy.|\nAs we can see from these examples, the incorporation of number theory into various domains has revolutionized how we approach different challenges within our technologically-driven society. Its practical implications extend beyond academia, making it an essential subject with far-reaching consequences.\nIn light of these observations, it becomes evident that number theory continues to shape the future of research and technological advancements. Exploring its applications in emerging fields such as quantum computing or machine learning holds immense potential for further innovation. The ever-growing need for secure communication, efficient data processing, and reliable systems ensures that number theory will remain a vital discipline within mathematics, driving progress across multiple domains.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Peer pressure is one of the topics that many parents fear. It makes them think of losing control over their teens. What these parents fail to understand is that facing this issue of peer pressure in the early stage can prove very health in the lives of their teens.\nResearch has shown that peer pressure is the major contributor in many teen vices such as smoking, deterioration in academics, teen drinking, and generally substances abuse. We cannot say that peer pressure is entirely negative as there are some aspects of it that prove positive in the lives of many teens.\nPeer pressure in teens\nAlienation from the family\nOne of the major effects of peer pressure is that it alienate the teens from their family. What does this mean? It simply means that instead of the child keeping close to his or her parents, they will choose other companies of their choice. This is very dangerous as it will make them feel that their parents are an obstacle in their achieving best relationship with their peers. It this habit that leads to teen repulsion.\nLosing interest in education\nIt is said that education is the key to life. Can you imagine your teen refusing to study? What does it mean? It probably means a ruined life. This is how destructive peer pressure could be. However, this does not just happen; it happens when your teen gets into the company of those people who does not understand the value of education.\nNegative behaviors, in this case, is a wide term that is used to refer to all vices that your kid can engage in when in the company of bad teens. This negative behaviors and habits make the teen disrespect their parents and finally, the lives succumb to negativity. Some of these behaviors that young people may find themselves in due to peer pressure includes indulgence in smoking, early sexual activities which can result in unwanted pregnancies and transmission of STDs, alcohol and substances abuse.\nOn the hand, peer pressure can also have some positive effects on the youths. So this, therefore, means that the company that your teens associate with is critical as it can either impact negatively or positively on your kid. Some of the positive impacts of peer pressure include;development in communication skills improved academic performances, developed and helpful human skills. With all this information, as a parent, you have a responsibility to watch over the company that your teens choose.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Lisbon’s pogrom of 1506\nIn 1506, Easter in Lisbon was forever marked by a tragic event. Between 4000 and 5000 people were killed and, some of them, after being tortured, accused of being Jews.\nPortugal is country of tolerance, is part of the Portuguese heritage.\nThat being said it doesn’t mean that there are no problems concerning tolerance, of course, there are. But, in the actual world, I can consider Portugal as being a country where differences, towards the majority, are well accepted.\nHowever, on 19 April 1506 something happened that was going to be remembered as the Pogrom of Lisbon or the Easter Massacre.\nFor the context and details, I will call your attention to the Wikipedia’s description that I find quite useful: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon_massacre\nPlease pray for the end of all kinds of discrimination.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "At the heart of this resource on the French sociologist and philosopher Emile Durkheim, provided by Professor Robert Alun Jones of the University of Illinois, is its bibliographic section. Included are both a complete chronological bibliography of Durkheim's published works, and an alphabetical bibliography of hundreds of items about Durkheim. An explanation of the process involved in producing these bibliographies is provided at the site. This site also features two full texts (French only at this time), highlighted by a set of lecture notes taken by the philosopher Andre Lalonde from a course given by Durkheim in 1883-84. A brief biography of Durkheim, a timeline, a list of lecture courses taught by Durkheim, and a glossary of pertinent terms are available. Much content at the site is informed by Steven Lukes' Durkheim: His Life and Work: A Historical and Critical Study.\n(no comments available yet for this resource)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "One aspect of our psychological growth is the movement from dependence to independence to interdependence. In the final part of this three-part series, we look at interdependence — what it is and how it creates a whole new way of relating to others.\nPart 3: Interdependence\nOur culture values independence — and this is a value I share. My interest is in helping people find their gift. I enjoy meeting those who have developed their own style — whether in an art form or in their way of life. Meeting a person with a sense of who they are is refreshing.\nIndependence is important. Unless people can challenge their tradition and develop their own style then the tradition becomes stale. We are stuck simply repeating the past, a past that becomes less and less relevant to how we live. In this way, simply repeating the past leads to the death of the tradition. Without innovation, without people developing their own style, any art form is doomed to sterility. And any individual’s life will simply be a repetition of their life at a particular age. We get stuck with nothing but the ‘good old days’. I don’t see anything wrong with reminiscing, but I do think it is a problem if we feel that nothing has happened in our lives ever since. Independence is needed to renew our traditions and keep ourselves fresh.\nInterdependence adds another element. Independence is focused on the individual. The independent person may work with others but this is mainly for their own enjoyment and benefit. Interdependence goes beyond this.\nFirstly, interdependence recognises the limitations of independence. Interdependence sees that independence is not separate to dependence but is a way of responding to it. Independence is not doing away with our need for hugs but refining how we ask for and give them. The way we walk is dependent on gravity, the way we talk is how we use our language — not being without it. While independence sees the individual as distinct, interdependence sees how this distinct individual relates to the world around: how their style chooses from and modifies the options available.\nSecondly, interdependence seeks goals and projects bigger than the individual. Many of the crises confronting us at the moment (ecological catastrophe and appalling social inequity) are about more than individuals. They are about how individuals relate to each other and groups. This includes rules of trade, laws and resources used in transport (petrol rather than electricity, electricity generated by coal rather than winds or waves) and how groups (parliaments, companies) make decisions.\nTo make a better world means collaboration — interdependence. It means finding how individuals can contribute and work together for the good of all. This can sound utopian but is I think our everyday experience.\nIt is common for both people to feel enriched after a good conversation. An innovator, businessperson and marketing whiz can do more together than either one separately. (Should I mention satisfying sex?) From a casual hello to moments of shared intimacy to the building of mutual projects, mutual benefit (interdependence) is the rule rather than the exception.\nI think it is worth saying that competition is often dependent on and legitimised by interdependence. Firstly any competition is dependent on shared rules. Without these rules (and people sticking to them) there can be no winner. Markets exist because there are legal rules. People can work for a promotion because they know what is expected. Any competition relies on a shared sense of reality and what the rules are. And there are usually penalties for breaching them — from penalties in sport to imprisonment. In one sense competition is a form of interdependence.\nThat competition is not enough is acknowledged when people assert that it is by competition that we all improve and benefit. This is to say: competition is not good in itself — it is a way for all of us to gain. Whether this assertion is always true I think is doubtful. A lot depends on how the competition is conducted — and how the rewards are shared around. A sport that was only concerned with the grand final wouldn’t last long. A company where only the most productive employee was paid wouldn’t be viable. Competition is legitimate because it leads to mutual benefit — this is acknowledging the reality that we are, all of us, interdependent.\nInterdependence means having a sense of our own contribution and uniqueness. It means respecting the other’s gift too. And it means that we can collaborate for mutual benefit. And the examples of it are all around us.\nTo develop interdependence I think means:\n- Embracing our dependence. This means knowing what we need and desire. This can be as simple as knowing we’re thirsty or the lovers’ passionate desire for each other.\n- Valuing our independence. Knowing that we have a particular way of being and doing and having a sense of what we can contribute.\n- Moving to the place where we work together. Knowing that we depend on and contribute to each other. Appreciating our own and others independence, where our own and others strengths and limitations are valued and become part of a bigger story.\nWhere do you see interdependence in your life? Have there been especially precious moments of interdependence for you? Let me know in the comments.\nAll clinical material on this site is peer reviewed by one or more clinical psychologists or other qualified mental health professionals. This specific article was originally published by Dr Greg Mulhauser, Managing Editor on .on and was last reviewed or updated by", "label": "No"}
{"text": "by Torben Gronning, Patricia Sohl and Thomas Singer\nVisual Resources Vol. XXIII, No. 3, September 2007, pp. 245-267\nThis article describes the history of the recently digitized and online accessible Archive for Research in Archetypal Symbolism (ARAS), from its 1930s origins at the famous Eranos annual conferences of eminent scholars in Ascona, Switzerland to the present. The purpose, function and structure of the collection are explained and illustrated with an example. ARAS is compared with other art image databases, and its unique features are elucidated. The article argues that the heritage and focused purpose of ARAS has allowed it to successfully address common iconographic challenges and that the online resource (www.aras.org) adds important new dimensions to the user experience.\nKeywords: Iconography; archetypal symbolism; cross-cultural symbols; Fröbe-Kapteyn, Olga (1881-1962); Jung, Carl Gustav (1875-1961).\nWhen a filmmaker needed inspiration for her award-winning animated film, she found it in the Archive for Research in Archetypal Symbolism. When a theater director looked for ideas for sets and costumes, he consulted the archive, as did an artist developing a survey of masks throughout world history and a theologian looking for an androgynous figure of Christ. Numerous analytical psychologists and psychotherapists regularly consult the archive to explore their own and their clients' dreams by analyzing the symbolic imagery of these dreams in a process of self-discovery.\nThe Archive for Research in Archetypal Symbolism, often just called ARAS, has a most interesting history, rooted in the Eranos meetings of the early 1930s, when world-renowned scholars from many fields gathered for discussions that touched on the history of religion, the history of art, anthropology, psychology, sociology and archaeology. Images to illustrate the topics of these cross-disciplinary meetings formed the beginning of the ARAS archive, and the Eranos heritage became the foundation for developing the nomenclature used in ARAS's image classification.\nARAS has since developed into a rich collection of 17,000 annotated photographic images of human creative expression, purposefully selected from every culture, spanning the 30,000 years of human history since the Ice Age. With its cultural, historical, anthropological and psychological commentary, ARAS has become over time a unique tool for academics, researchers, scholars, artists, writers, historians, anthropologists, analytical psychologists, psychotherapists, students, and the general public alike.\nEarly History of ARAS and Eranos\nThe conception of ARAS dates back to the 1930s and is intrinsically linked to the Eranos Society and its creator, Olga Fröbe-Kapteyn (Figure 1). She was born in 1881 of Dutch parents in London where her father Albert Kapteyn, an avid photographer, was the director of the Westinghouse Brake and Signal Company. Her mother was a philosophical anarchist, a writer on social questions, and a friend of playwright George Bernard Shaw and anarchist Prince Kropotkin. Olga Fröbe-Kapteyn studied applied art in Zürich and helped in her father's darkroom. She became a young widow when her husband Iwan Fröbe, the Austrian musician, was killed in a plane crash in 1915 while testing an aerial camera for the Austrian army. She had twin\nFigure 1 Olga Fröbe-Kapteyn in the 1930s. Photograph by Margarethe Fellerer. Courtesy of Eranos Foundation Archives, Ascona-Moscia, Switzerland.\ndaughters, born after the death of her husband.1\nAround 1920, Olga Fröbe and her father went for a recreational stay to the Monte Verita sanatorium in the Swiss village of Ascona, located on the western bank of Lake Maggiore, a setting of great natural beauty looking south into Italy. Ascona had since the late nineteenth century developed into a gathering place for artists, writers, dancers, political radicals, utopians and gurus, including Lenin, Trotsky, Mikhail Bakunin, Prince Kropotkin, Hermann Hesse, Stefan George, Rudolf Steiner, Mary Wigman, Isadora Duncan, Hans Arp, Paul Klee, Emil Jannings, Emil Ludwig, and Erich-Maria Remarque. Albert Kapteyn bought a house overlooking the lake, Casa Gabriella (Figure 2), for his daughter and provided funding for her to live in reasonable comfort.\nOlga Fröbe's great interest was spiritual research, and she built a lecture hall and a guesthouse on her grounds in 1928. After a short and unsuccessful attempt at running a school for spiritual research, she developed the idea of founding a meeting place for East and West. In 1932 she went to Marburg to visit Rudolf Otto, the prominent German theologian, scholar of mysticism and comparativist of Eastern and Western religions. Otto was very receptive to her plan for a lecture program and proposed the name \"Eranos,\" which in Greek means a shared feast.\nFor the next sixty-six years this annual lecture program, begun in August 1933 and called the \"Eranos Tagungen\" (Eranos meetings), would assemble many of Europe's leading intellectuals in Ascona to give scholarly lectures about their latest insights in the fields of religion, philosophy, history, art and science. The imaginative and inspiring force\nFigure 2 Casa Gabriella, Ascona, Switzerland in the 1950s. Photograph by Margarethe Fellerer. Courtesy of Eranos Foundation Archives, Ascona-Moscia, Switzerland. Archetypal Symbolism and Images 247.\nof mind and the unfailing rigor of scholarship2 brought forward ideas often \"on the edge.\"3 The lectures were published after each year's conference in the Eranos- Jahrbuch (Eranos Yearbook).4 Olga Fröbe-Kapteyn was the publisher of each Eranos yearbook from 1933 to 1961, the year before her death. Six volumes of selected Eranos lectures, translated into English and edited by Joseph Campbell, were published in 1954-1968 as part of the Bollingen Series.5\nThe subject of the first two-week Eranos conference in 1933 was \"Yoga and Meditation in East and West,\" held in the lecture hall now named \"Casa Eranos.\" Among the speakers were the scholars of Indian art and religion Heinrich Zimmer and G.R. Heyer, the Buddhist scholar Caroline Rhys Davids and the Sinologist Erwin Rousselle.6\nPsychiatrist and founder of analytical psychology Carl Gustav Jung (Figure 3), reluctant at first, decided to participate when he saw the lecturer list and realized that \"those are all my friends!\"7 Jung would become a regular contributor each year to the two-week conference in late August. Jung remained a fundamental figure in the organization of the conferences due to the fertile influence of his analytical psychology-referred to as a \"spiritus rector\" by Eliade in 1955. Although\nFigure 3 Carl Gustav Jung in the late 1940s. Photographer unknown. Courtesy of Thomas B. Kirsch, MD, Palo Alto, CA.\nthe symposia were not \"Jungian,\" they focused on the core idea of \"archetypes\" in human life.8\nDespite the difficulties of the pre-war years, the Eranos conferences took place without interruption. Planning for next year's conference would begin as soon as one year's conference was over. Olga Fröbe was the impresario and organizer, although she insisted that Eranos was without plan or program. She decided the theme, invited the speakers, organized the announcements and printing of programs, booked accommodations, planned catered lunches and dinners, made traffic arrangements with local authorities.\nA conference typically included anywhere from seven to twelve half-day lectures, delivered in German, French or English, and attended by up to two hundred persons. The afternoons were open for informal discussions, sailing on the lake, excursions in the area or reading. An equal representation of first-time speakers and speakers with previous Eranos experience assured renewal and continuity through the years.\nThe scholars from the early years and their expertise demonstrate the cross-cultural nature of the Eranos experience: Heinrich Zimmer (Indian religious art), Károly Kerényi (Greek mythology), Mircea Eliade (history of religions), Jung and Erich Neumann (analytical psychology), Gilles Quispel (Gnostic studies), Gershom Scholem (Jewish mysticism), Henry Corbin (Islamic religion), Adolf Portmann (biology), Herbert Read (art history), Max Knoll (physics) and Joseph Campbell (comparative mythology).9\nOlga Fröbe had a lively interest in finding and collecting images to illustrate the topic of each year's meeting, which in addition to the first year's \"Yoga and Meditation in East and West\" (1933) included such titles as \"The Gestalt and Cult of the Great Mother\" (1938), \"The Hermetic Principle in Mythology, Gnosis, and Alchemy\" (1942), \"The Mysteries\" (1944), \"Spirit and Nature\" (1946) and \"Man and Time\" (1951).10\nIn 1935 she systematically began to collect pictures that exemplified archetypal themes as a complement to Jung's writings. She later explained that \"Those who feel the truth of the old Chinese conception that all that happens in the visible world is the expression of ideas or images in the invisible might do well to consider Eranos from that point of view.\" She traveled to the great libraries in Athens, Rome, Paris, London and elsewhere in Europe, finding and purchasing photographs of ancient frescoes and other paintings, sculpture, manuscript illumination and primitive folk art. These she classified according to archetypal themes in what became known as the \"Eranos Archive,\" located for want of other space in her bedroom at Casa Gabriella.11\nThe 1938 Eranos conference on \"The Great Mother\" included an exhibition of large photographs from the Eranos Archive (Figure 4). Hildegard Nagel took the pictures back for an exhibition at the Analytical Psychology Club in New York, thus facilitating Eranos' debut in America.12 The exhibited pictures later became the basis of Erich Neumann's book The Great Mother: An Analysis of the Archetype (New York: Pantheon, 1955). Figures 5, 6 and 7 show expressions of the Great Mother archetype from three different cultures and time periods.\nWith financial assistance from benefactors Mary and Paul Mellon of Pittsburgh, both deeply involved in Eranos and later the founders of the Bollingen Foundation Archetypal Symbolism and Images 249 created to assure a wider audience for Jung's work,13 Olga Fröbe traveled to Rome in 1938 to obtain photos of an illuminated manuscript of the Divine Comedy kept in the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana Library.14 She wrote to Mary Mellon that she was \"going to collect every archetypal representation I can find, ... [e.g.] the Crucifixion, the Baptism, the Descent into Hell, the Resurrection, the fight with the Dragon.\" She continued to Amsterdam, London, Paris, Bonn, Trier and Berlin, \"picture-hunting everywhere.\"15\nAt the start of the Second World War, Olga Fröbe was contemplating what to do with her Eranos archive. She learned of the Warburg Institute - moved in 1934 to London from Hamburg because of the Nazi danger - and its library, which seemed a good fit for her collection. After the war, in 1946, she began to send her photographs to London, and in 1956 the Warburg Institute accepted her entire collection. She gave photographic duplicates of the archive (made at Bollingen expense) to Jung (who shortly before his death gave it to the Jung Institute in Zürich) and to the Bollingen Foundation in New York, which was, at that time, supporting numerous scholars in their quest for the meaning of symbolism and publishing the works of Jung.16\nJessie E. Fraser, Librarian of the Analytical Psychology Club in New York, was entrusted with editing and cataloging the archive. In 1959, her proposal for a cataloging scheme found support with members of the Eranos Conference, and the Bollingen Foundation decided to make the archive a special project and increase their grant.17 In 1960, the archive was renamed the Archive for Research in Archetypal Symbolism (ARAS), reflecting the many additions to the original Eranos collection.\nFigure 4 Swiss journalist and publicist Fritz René Allemann viewing the Eranos Archive in 1939, featuring archetypal representations related to the process of rebirth. (The Eranos Conference 1939 was entitled \"The Concept of Rebirth in the Cults and Religions of Various Times and Peoples.\") Photograph by Margarethe Fellerer. Courtesy of Eranos Foundation Archives, Ascona-Moscia, Switzerland.\nIn the development of keywords to reflect archetypal themes, Jessie Fraser collaborated with analytical psychologist Joseph L. Henderson in San Francisco, who worked with Jung and wrote a chapter in Man and His Symbols.18\nIn 1969, the Bollingen Foundation gave ARAS to the C.G. Jung Foundation for Analytical Psychology in New York, who undertook a ten-year development project funded by Jane Abbott Pratt and the Frances G. Wickes Foundation. The archive grew and had, in 1977, reached 25,000 representations, of which 12,000 were mounted, numbered and in various stages of completion and 8,000 finished.19 Copies of the collection were housed at the C. G. Jung Institutes in San Francisco and Los Angeles. These three Jungian centers are the founding members of National ARAS.\nThe Bingham Foundation and many other donors were instrumental in supporting the continued expansion of the collection in the 1980s, and also made possible the writing and publication of two scholarly volumes, Encyclopedia of Archetypal Symbolism I-II, based on approximately 200 selected images from ARAS.20\nIn 2003-04, the New York collection of 17,000 images and 20,000 text\nFigure 5 The Goddess Ninhursag (\"Lady of Birth\") c.2017-1763 BC. Terracotta, 10.2 cm high. Origin: Babylonian Period, Return of Amorites to Babylonia, Time of Isin and Larsa Dynasties. Provenance: Iraq. ARAS Record 2Bh.004. Repository: Iraq Museum, IM 9574, Baghdad, Iraq.\ncommentaries was scanned. About 45,000 catalog cards from the New York and San Francisco collections, which had continued its own further development since the early 1980s, were combined to produce 10,000 different keyword-based archetypal themes. Private donors funded this large project that ultimately resulted in ARAS becoming available as an online subscription-based resource (www.aras.org) in 2005.\nPurpose of ARAS: Use and Amplification of Symbols and Images\nAlthough the creation of the Archive for Research in Archetypal Symbolism was motivated by Jung's discovery and description of the \"archetype,\" the use of ARAS goes well beyond Jungian psychology. However, ARAS owes a tremendous debt to Jung's basic idea of archetypes and the collective unconscious. Jung was the particular proponent of a broadly archetypal point of view that insists upon common human or transpersonal and symbolic connections transcending cultural and theological boundaries.21\nOne might argue that from an iconographic classification point of view Jung's concepts have created the essential foundation for the nomenclature\nFigure 6 Minoan Deity or Worshipper. Terracotta. Origin: Pre-Hellenic Era, Crete, Post Palace Period, Late Minoan IIIa, b, c (Achaeans in Crete). ARAS Record 3Ce.002. Courtesy of Archeological Museum Herakleion, Crete, Greece.\ndeveloped to categorize the ARAS image content. The term \"archetype\" means \"original pattern from which copies are made,\" and it appeared in European texts as early as 1545. It derives from the Latin noun archetypum and from the Greek noun arkhetypon, meaning \"pattern, model,\" and the adjective arkhetypos, meaning \"firstmolded,\" from arkhe- (\"first\") + typos (\"model, type, blow, mark of a blow\").22\nJung explains how the collective unconscious-humankind's shared psychic foundation patterning all expressive endeavors-rests on \"archetypes\" or \"primordial images\" (CW 8: 229).23 Jung was not the first to discover and formulate this idea of the archetype. Anthony Stevens explains how Jung acknowledged his debt to Plato, describing archetypes as \"active living dispositions, ideas in the Platonic sense, that perform and continually influence our thoughts and feelings and actions\" (CW 8: 154).24\nFor Plato, \"ideas\" were mental forms superordinate to the objective world of phenomena. They were collective in the sense that they embody the general characteristics of groups of individuals rather than the specific peculiarities of one. Thus, a particular dog has qualities in common with all dogs (which enable us to classify it as a dog) as well as peculiarities of its own (which would enable its master\nFigure 7 The Goddess Tlazolteotl. Aplite speckled with garnets, 20.2612 cm. Provenance: Mexico. Origin: Mexico, Aztec. ARAS Record 8Bd.017. # Dumbarton Oaks, Pre- Columbian Collection, Washington, DC.\nto recognize it). So it is with the archetypes: they are common to all humankind, yet each person experiences them in a unique and personal way.\nThe German astronomer Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) believed that his delight in scientific discovery was due to the mental exercise of matching ideas or images already implanted in his mind by God with external events perceived through his senses. Kepler's \"inner ideas\" that lie \"under the veil of potentiality\" and are \"derived from a natural instinct and are inborn\" are clearly akin to Jung's \"primordial images.\"25 It is speculated that Jung may have been influenced in his thinking about archetypes by the German ethnologist Adolf Bastian (1826-1905), who studied the myths, folklore and customs of humankind all over the world. Bastian was impressed by the similarity, which existed between many of the themes and motifs he encountered wherever he went. He noticed, however, that these universal themes - which he called Elementargedanken (elementary ideas) - invariably manifested themselves in local forms peculiar to the group of people he happened to be studying: these he called Volksgedanken (ethnic ideas).26\nArchetypes transcend culture, race and time. Thus, in Jung's view, the mental events experienced by every individual are determined not merely by personal history, but by the collective history of the species as a whole (biologically encoded in the collective unconscious), reaching back into the primordial mists of evolutionary time.27 Jung made it a point to distinguish between the archetype-as-such and the archetypal images, motifs and ideas, which the archetype gives rise. One cannot \"see\" the archetypes themselves-only their indirect manifestation in or as images, motifs and ideas associated with or stemming from the archetypes. In his writings, Jung explained archetypes in the following ways:\nThe term \"archetype\" is often misunderstood as meaning a certain definite mythological image or motif ... on the contrary, [it is] an inherited tendency [i.e., ability, potential] of the human mind to form representations of mythological motifs-representations that vary a great deal without losing their basic pattern. ... This inherited tendency is instinctive, like the specific impulse of nest-building, migration, etc. in birds. One finds these representations collectives practically everywhere, characterized by the same or similar motifs. They cannot be assigned to any particular time or region or race. They are without known origin, and they can reproduce themselves even where transmission through migration must be ruled out. (CW 18: 523; emphasis in original)\n...besides [the intellect] there is a thinking in primordial images, in symbols which are older than the historical man, which are inborn in him from the earliest times, and, eternally living, outlasting all generations, still make up the groundwork of the human psyche. (CW 8: 794)\nAs the products of imagination are always in essence visual, their forms must, from the outset, have the character of images and moreover of typical images, which is why ... I call them \"archetypes.\" (CW 11: 845)\n...[Tribal] lore is concerned with archetypes that have been modified in a special way. Another well-known expression of the archetypes is myth and fairytale. (CW 9(1): 5,6)\nIt is the manifold expressions of these archetypal images and symbols that make up the ARAS collection. The collection probes the universality of archetypal themes and provides a testament to the deep and abiding connections that unite the disparate factions of the human family.\nHarry Prochaska, who served as San Francisco ARAS's curator 1978-1992, defined \"symbol amplification\" as the elaboration of the historical and cultural matrices of a symbol in its variant forms so that one develops a larger sense of its polyvalences. This process is different from subjective association. Association stems from one's personal biography projected on to the symbol. In the associative process, symbolic meaning may be legitimately and absolutely personal, carrying a value, which no one else shares nor needs to share. Amplification, however, leads to significant clues which lie in the cultural unconscious, for each of us is born into a culture as well as into a family. Amplification and association are parallel pathways to symbolic meaning.28\nProchaska quotes Mircea Eliade who states that \"The essential problem is to know what is revealed to us not by any particular version of a symbol, but by the whole of the symbolism.\"29\nCircumambulation-\"a walk around the image\"-is a term used to describe the interpretation of an image by reflecting on it from different points of view. Circumambulation differs from free association in that it is circular, not linear. Where free association leads away from the original image, circumambulation stays close to it. Jung uses the term \"circumambulation\" in his commentary on The Secret of the Golden Flower,30 where he defines it as a \"psychological circulation\" or \"movement in a circle around oneself\" so that all sides of the personality become involved (CW 13: 38). In the mandala, Jung saw a uniting symbol or an archetype of wholeness.\nGerman physicist and Nobel laureate Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958) offered a related description of the creative method of scientific discovery, when he talked about \"continuously taking up an issue, thinking about the object, then putting it back down again, then gathering new empirical material, and continuing this, if necessary, for years. In this way, the subconscious is stimulated by the conscious, and only in this way, if at all, can something come of it.\"31\nThe ARAS archive is especially useful to analytical psychologists and psychotherapists or anybody interested in amplifying images that emerge in dreams. The process begins when one is struck by a particular image, wondering why that particular image appeared and what it means. We do know that each image is carefully chosen by the psyche as a means of communicating specific information about the dreamer's state of development and attitude. One could say that the image is a key with the potential to unlock a particular door leading to greater knowledge or consciousness about the dreamer. ARAS gives the analyst or the dreamer a means of discerning which door the key fits. What is revealed through the study of the many visual examples of the images and their cultural, historical and psychological amplifications helps to enlarge our understanding of the symbolic image. And it is our relationship to the symbol that effects the deep change or transformation of our being.32\nThe use of the archive often begins with the decision to explore a particular image, whether the image originates from a dream, an idea to use in an artistic creation, a cultural study, a research paper or project, or simply to explore the richness of the archive. The search results in multiple examples that demonstrate how the same image is expressed in different times, cultures and mediums. It is this commonality that helps to distill the meaning of the image. The search may lead one off on various tangents, circling around the meaning, fleshing it out until one finally comes to an understanding of what it means. An excitement and enthusiasm often accompanies the search, carrying one along on a fascinating and enlightening journey through the world of symbolic images.33\nThe ARAS homepage (www.aras.org) illustrates this variety with two examples. One example shows the results of a search for the archetypal theme \"lion\";34 the other is an animated collage of images associated with the archetypal theme \"snake on tree.\"35 Both examples let the user enjoy the full richness of the images on their own and discover how many cultures and eras have expressed a common idea, each in their own ways.\nAmi Ronnberg, who in 1979 continued Jessie Fraser's work on the classification of the archive's images and became curator in 1984, describes how the interconnectedness of symbols often guides the imagination in the process of circumambulation: \"Begin with a thread, follow a lead, look up similar ideas, and move intuitively around a symbol or a dream.\"36", "label": "No"}
{"text": "How music became an industry: on 'Selling Sounds'\nAmong the fascinating examples of early music-industry advertising reproduced in \"Selling Sounds,\" the most striking is a 1913 image that pairs a photograph of legendary tenor Enrico Caruso, costumed for \"Aida,\" with one of his Victor Red Seal recordings. “Both are Caruso,\" the text reads, adding that the owner of the disc hears the singer in his own home \"just as truly as if you were listening to him in the Metropolitan Opera House.\" For author David Suisman, this identification of a living, breathing person with an inert hunk of shellac that encodes his voice isn’t merely a clever promotional ploy, but an emblem of a century-old transformation in the ways that we understand, experience and consume music.\nSubtitled \"The Commercial Revolution in American Music,\" Suisman's book (Harvard University Press) focuses on the 1880s through the mid-1920, a period that saw the growth of sheet-music publishing from a printer's sideline to a wildly profitable New York-based industry, the rise of the player piano, and its displacement in American homes by the even more easily operated gramophone. These innovations made professionally composed and performed music available to a wider range of Americans than ever before. At the same time, music increasingly became something to be passively appreciated rather than actively made. (This story could have been different, if Edison's wax cylinders, which allowed convenient home recording as well as playback, had won out over Emile Berliner’s disc technology.) Suisman also emphasizes the extent to which regional and vernacular sounds were crowded out by the centralized distribution of mass-produced scores (and later records), though he notes that the new technologies would later preserve the folk traditions of players and singers who didn’t or couldn't notate their songs.\nEven the category of \"popular song\" was a child of commerce. Though individual songs had become \"hits\" since the days of American minstrels and the English music halls, it wasn’t until the 1910s that the writers and publishers of Tin Pan Alley organized their production and promotion into a consistently profitable enterprise. As the lengthy narratives of older balladry gave way to short, catchy choruses meant to be remembered in seconds and forgotten in weeks, these commodities formed the cornerstone of what could be called, for the first time, an American music \"industry.\" The melodies were often sentimental, but their authors were not. Suisman cites Irving Berlin’s dicta that \"the songwriter must look upon his work as a business,\" as well as vaudevillian Bert Williams's assertion that popular melodies \"were mostly made up of standard parts, like a motor car.\"\nWith new things to sell came new ways of selling, from the public \"song-plugging\" of the sheet-music era to the Victor Co.’s canny use of \"Nipper,\" the dog that cocked an ear to “His Master’s Voice,” in one of the 20th century’s most recognizable corporate trademarks.\nPhonograph manufacturers were also in the advance guard of consumer credit, specialized store window displays, and celebrity endorsement. Even more significantly, music publishers and songwriters led efforts to expand the law’s conception of intellectual property. A 1924 photograph depicts Berlin, John Phillip Sousa and operetta composer Victor Herbert preparing to lobby Congress for royalties on radio broadcasts of their music; to this day, their spiritual (and sometimes actual) descendants rally the troops when valuable copyrights are threatened by the Constitution's pesky \"limited term\" clause.\nThough the story Suisman tells is a broadly familiar one, he has assembled valuable reminders of something many would rather ignore; namely, the extent to which the music we hear, and how we hear it, has less to do with our personal preferences than with what a large, well-organized sector of business makes available to us. Most listeners – and, I’d wager, artists – would surely prefer to see their musical experiences as a respite from capitalism, not a function of it. Still, it would be hard to deny that phenomena from the selling of youth culture back to itself in the form of rock and roll to the rise of ringtones as a tiny, publicly audible lifestyle indicator (and a fresh income stream) are rooted in structures and processes whose origins Suisman describes.\nThat said, Suisman sometimes overreaches in laying bare the nefarious consequences of his “revolution,” as when he claims that the “disembodiment” of music from its making was the “very purpose” of piano rolls and phonograph records. If so, why tie them so closely to the image of the performer, as in Victor’s Caruso ad? Suisman at times allows that popular song “brought real pleasure into people’s lives, and [that] through the music people formed meaningful social bonds.” These concessions read begrudgingly, as way-stations to his insistence that “the music industry was not connected or responsible [to its audience] except through the market.” Such bona fides, which owe an acknowledged debt to Marx’s concept of commodity fetishism and Theodor Adorno’s dismal view of “the culture industry,” are reproduced frequently -- even mechanically -- throughout the book.\nI happened to read \"Selling Sounds\" not long after the death of two figures (among many others) whose careers complicate Suisman’s pessimistic outlook. Guitarist Les Paul, who died Aug. 13, invented the process of recording “sound on sound,” first on disc and then on multi-track tape. With this and other inventions, Paul did as much as anyone to make recorded music into an artistic medium in its own right. Thirteen days after Paul’s passing came that of Ellie Greenwich, who penned (with Jeff Barry) such girl-group gems as “Be My Baby” and “Leader of the Pack” as a staffer for companies housed in the Brill Building, the last stronghold of New York’s songwriting industry. Though these artists, like any artist at any time, would have produced something different, or nothing at all, under other conditions, they did their best work from within the belly of the technological-cum-corporate beast. More than that, their music has proved far more durable than the ephemeral assembly-line products suggested by \"Selling Sounds.\" The existence of such work is another strain within the tangled history of American popular music, though not one that Suisman’s instrument is well-equipped to play.\n-- Franklin Bruno\nPhotos taken by Takomabibelot via Flickr\nFranklin Bruno is the author of \"Armed Forces\" (Continuum Books); his most recent recording is Local Currency (Fayettenam Records). He lives and writes in Jackson Heights, Queens, and sometimes blogs at http://nervousuntothirst.blogspot.com.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "How to Start Recycling Plastic Waste at the Workplace\nThe Ministry of the Environment in Finland realised the problem with plastic waste and was among the first WWF Green Offices to begin recycling plastic. What does it require from the office to start collecting plastic waste?\n“When we realised that plastic waste was not yet collected at our office, we just had to act. Continuous news of the harmful impacts of plastic made it a topical issue,” says Aino Pietarinen, Senior Officer at the Ministry of the Environment .\nPreviously, plastic waste generated at the Ministry of the Environment office, such as empty yoghurt containers, food packaging and plastic bags, ended up incinerated with mixed waste. Now, it continuous its life in the form of recycled plastic. The content of the office collection containers is transported to Fortum’s plastic plan in Riihimäki, where the different types of plastic are sorted, washed and processed into recycled plastic.\n“Plastic is no good if incinerated. Without a doubt, it had to be recycled,” Pietarinen says.\nThe biggest benefit of recycling plastic is that it allows decreasing the production of virgin plastic, which consumes oil and lots of energy. The carbon footprint of recycled plastic is up to 85% lower than that of virgin plastic.\nThe Most Ecological Ministry\nThe Ministry of the Environment has been a member of the WWF Green Office network since 2011. The Ministry has a designated team to implement the Green Office actions in its day-to-day operations.\n“Green Office has been very important to the Ministry of the Environment, as it has provided us with encouragement, support and advice. It has laid down the foundation for being an ecological ministry and has concretely promoted our environmental activities,” says Pietarinen, who is both the Green Office contact person and the chair of the ecology team.\nRevising the waste collection system and sorting instructions and improving internal communications have been goals of the office’s environmental programme since the beginning of this year.\nSteps to Plastic Collection at the Office\nThe Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority HSY, for example, has made plastic sorting possible in residential buildings in the Helsinki region since 2016. However, starting the collection at workplaces still requires a degree of initiative.\n“To my mind, here the most challenging thing about the entire process was having to ask several parties if we can simply start to collect it. Finally, when the ecology team, that is our Green Office team, took to it, nobody had anything against it.”\n“First, I checked that the provider of waste management collects plastic. We ordered the collection containers from the company responsible for cleaning and I agreed on the pick-up times. I made sure that all floors of the office had sufficient numbers of containers, as plastic packaging waste is the biggest fraction of all waste. Now, the containers are easy to reach and marked well. In addition, the cleaners were informed of the new waste collection type,” Pietarinen explains.\nBefore the collection of plastic waste at the office really got started, the recycling instructions had to be updated.\n“It is important to communicate about the changes in a comprehensible way to the personnel. The revised recycling instructions are displayed on office walls and more extensively in a recycling booklet. They were visualised and laid out in co-operation with the communications department.”\nAsk the Waste Management Provider About Plastic Waste Collection\nIn Finland, lots of work remain in correct recycling. According to the Finnish public service broadcasting company, Yle, the huge mountain of slag caused by the incineration of waste at the Ämmässuo landfill could be up to one-half smaller had all recyclable waste, paper, board, glass, metal and plastic, found their way to the right bin.\n“In addition to getting people to understand the importance of sorting, another challenge is that not all waste management providers yet offer plastic waste collection to businesses and organisations,” says Mikko Kuiri, Partnership Manager at WWF Green Office.\nIn fact, Kuiri encourages Green Offices to increase the demand for it.\n“Start by asking the provider of waste management at your workplace whether plastic waste could be collected. If it is not possible, I recommend that you remind the waste management company that their competitors already offer this option. This way, businesses and organisations could be drivers of change.”\nText: Emmi Karhiaho", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Donald Campbell Dewar (21 August 1937 – 11 October 2000) was the first First Minister of Scotland from 1999 until his death in 2000. He was the first person to hold the position of First Minister following the establishment of the Scottish Parliament in 1999.\nEarly life[change | change source]\nDewar was born and raised in Glasgow.\nIn government[change | change source]\nAfter the 1997 General Election, Dewar was in a position which John Smith (leader of the Labour Party, 1992-1994 and a good friend of Dewar) would never have thought possible. He was able to start the process to split Scotland from the United Kingdom, and worked endlessly on creating the Scotland Act, popularly known as Smith's \"unfinished business\". When ratified, this was to give Scotland its first Parliament for nearly 300 years.\nFirst Minister of Scotland[change | change source]\nThe first elections to the Scottish Parliament were held on 6 May 1999, with Dewar leading the Scottish Labour Party against their main opponents, the SNP under Alex Salmond. He was elected as the MSP for Glasgow Anniesland. Although Scottish Labour won the most seats, they did not have a majority in Parliament to allow them to form an Executive without the help of a smaller party. A deal was agreed with the Scottish Liberal Democrats to work together, with Dewar agreeing to their demand for the abolition of up-front tuition fees for university students.\nOn 13 May, Dewar was nominated as First Minister, and was officially appointed by the Queen on 17 May at a ceremony in the Palace of Holyroodhouse. He later travelled to the Court of Session to be sworn in by the Lord President and receive the Great Seal of Scotland.\nOn 16 June, Dewar set out the legislative programme for the Executive which included: an Education bill to improve standards in Scottish schools; land reform to give right of access to the countryside, a bill to abolish the feudal system of land tenure; and a bill to establish National Parks in Scotland.\nDeath and funeral[change | change source]\nIn April 2000, Dewar was admitted to hospital for tests on his heart, following a previous test where a minor irregularity was discovered. In May 2000, he later had surgery to repair a leaking heart valve, and was forced to take a three month break from Parliament, with Deputy First Minister, Jim Wallace taking over as Acting First Minister. He returned to work on 14 August 2000.\nDewar dealt with the exams results fiasco and the lorry drivers strike, and attended the Labour party conference in Brighton in September, but at the end of September told the historian Tom Devine in Dublin that if there was no surge of the energy of old, he would have to reappraise the situation within a few months time.\nOn 10 October 2000 around lunchtime, Dewar sustained a fall. He seemed fine at first but later that day suffered a massive brain hemorrhage which was possibly triggered by the medication he was taking after the heart surgery. Donald Dewar died the following day, at 12.18pm, in Edinburgh's Western General Hospital. He was 63 years old.\nDewar's funeral service was held at Glasgow Cathedral, amid scenes of mourning unknown for a politician in Scotland's largest city. He was cremated on 18 October 2000, and his ashes were scattered at Lochgilphead.\nAlthough he has become something of a political legend, Donald would have abhorred any attempt to turn him into some kind of secular saint. He would have been horrified at a Diana-style out-pouring of synthetic grief at his untimely death. -- Iain MacWhirter, Sunday Herald, October 15, 2000.\nReferences[change | change source]\n- \"PR deal will end councils stranglehold\", The Guardian\n- \"UK Politics- Dewar appointed as first minister\", BBC News, May 17, 1999\n- Dewar's statement to Parliament, BBC News\n- \"Dewar undergoes heart tests\", BBC News, 25 April 2000\n- \"Dewar takes post-op steps\", BBC News, 11 May 2000\n- \"First Minister returns to the fray\", BBC News, 14 August 2000\n- \"Donald Dewar\", Electronic Scotland, October 2000", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Image Source: Melissa Farlow, National Geographic\nWell, okay, Groundhog Day is tomorrow. But, as I won't be blogging tomorrow, I wanted to get a word in edgewise on this most noblest of astronomical holidays.\nFor those of you who may live in a country not blessed with such a glorious holiday, let me explain the day. On February 2, the legendary groundhog, a furry woodland animal that looks exceptionally cute but is not always the most friendly of the beasts, awakens from its winter hibernation and sticks its head out of the ground. If the groundhog sees its shadow, it is spooked (not being among the most clever creatures) and runs back in its hole to sleep for another six weeks. If it doesn't see its shadow, it happily scampers about, and we get an early spring.\nOf course, this legend has little to do with reality. The fact is that, whether or not the groundhog sees its shadow, there are another six weeks of winter. Look at your calendar, count 6 1/2 weeks into the future, and you'll see the first day of spring. Now count backward 6 1/2 weeks, and you'll see the first day of winter. Groundhog Day is halfway between the winter solstice and the spring equinox. And that is not coincidence!\nThese days halfway between an equinox and a solstice are called the cross-quarter days. They used to play a large role in pagan cultures (and still do among neo-pagan religions). We even have \"holidays\" on or near three of the four cross-quarter days: Groundhog Day, May Day, and Halloween.\nWhat does a cross-quarter day mean for us? Not too much -- most of the northern hemisphere is in the middle of a cold winter, hoping that spring will come soon, and the southern hemisphere is enjoying summer vacation, and hoping that summer lasts a little longer. Around now you will probably start to notice the days getting noticeably longer pretty quickly. Around the winter solstice, the length of the day stays pretty constant for a while, but as the Earth continues to speed around our sun, the sun will appear to rise higher in the sky (for those of us living in the north), the days will get longer, and, eventually, the temperatures will get a bit warmer.\nI make a big deal out of days like this, I realize. It's because the seasons are one of the most obvious links we have to the larger Universe around us, and one that most Americans don't understand. And it's a hard picture to grasp -- we are on a tiny ball of a planet that spins once a day and goes in circles around our parent sun once a year, which itself is orbiting the Milky Way galaxy every 250 million years, and our galaxy which is moving around our neighbor galaxies and slowly falling toward a cluster of galaxies 60 million light-years away. We're in constant motion, most of it extraordinarily slow by galactic standards. But we can sense some of it -- our planet's spinning, and its motion around the sun -- and these motions intimately affect our lives. Once we can grasp that, we've started to open our minds to a much larger universe around us.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Back to search results\n|Print this page|\nConstitution of the Nisga'a Nation\n|Date: ||1 January 2000|\n|Subject Matter:||Self Government|\n|Summary Information: |\n|The Constitution of the Nisga'a Nation was ratified November 6, 1998 and took effect May 11, 2000. The Constitution outlines the founding provisions of Nisga'a, new governance structures, land and resources ownership and individual rights. The Constitution is the enactment of many provisions of the Nisga'a Final Agreement.|\n|Detailed Information: |\n|The Constitution of the Nisga'a Nation includes a declaration of the Nisga'a Nation which expresses the history and culture of Nisga'a People. Chapter 1, Founding Provisions, also lists key values of the Nisga'a and connections to land. Chapter 2 outlines citizen's rights, ranging from rights of access to election rights. Land and resources are dealt with in Chapter 3, which affirms the role of the Nisga'a Treaty as the basis of land claims.|\nNisga'a Governance is outlined in Chapters 4, 5 and 6. Chapter 4 states the governing principles and the goals of the Nisga'a Nation, as well as the composition of Nisga'a government. The details of the Nisga'a Lisims Government, legislative and executive, are found in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 describes the composition of Nisga'a Village Governments.\nThe composition and power of the Nisga'a Finance Committee, as well as budget requirements are detailed in the Financial Administration chapter. The Constitution also includes principles for Public and Financial Administration. The remaining chapters of the Constitution relate to other institutions, dispute resolution, and general provisions regarding constitutional amendment.\nWas this useful? Click here to fill in the ATNS survey", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Probably the most obvious way humans are altering the planet is by building cities, which are essentially vast stretches of man-made materials—steel, glass, concrete, and brick. But it turns out most cities are not good candidates for long-term preservation, for the simple reason that they're built on land, and on land the forces of erosion tend to win out over those of sedimentation. From a geologic perspective, the most plainly visible human effects on the landscape today \"may in some ways be the most transient,\" Zalasiewicz has observed.\nHumans have also transformed the world through farming; something like 38 percent of the planet's ice-free land is now devoted to agriculture. Here again, some of the effects that seem most significant today will leave behind only subtle traces at best.\nFertilizer factories, for example, now fix more nitrogen from the air, converting it to a biologically usable form, than all the plants and microbes on land; the runoff from fertilized fields is triggering life-throttling blooms of algae at river mouths all over the world. But this global perturbation of the nitrogen cycle will be hard to detect, because synthesized nitrogen is just like its natural equivalent. Future geologists are more likely to grasp the scale of 21st-century industrial agriculture from the pollen record—from the monochrome stretches of corn, wheat, and soy pollen that will have replaced the varied record left behind by rain forests or prairies.\nThe leveling of the world's forests will send at least two coded signals to future stratigraphers, though deciphering the first may be tricky. Massive amounts of soil eroding off denuded land are increasing sedimentation in some parts of the world—but at the same time the dams we've built on most of the world's major rivers are holding back sediment that would otherwise be washed to sea. The second signal of deforestation should come through clearer. Loss of forest habitat is a major cause of extinctions, which are now happening at a rate hundreds or even thousands of times higher than during most of the past half billion years. If current trends continue, the rate may soon be tens of thousands of times higher.\nProbably the most significant change, from a geologic perspective, is one that's invisible to us—the change in the composition of the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide emissions are colorless, odorless, and in an immediate sense, harmless. But their warming effects could easily push global temperatures to levels that have not been seen for millions of years. Some plants and animals are already shifting their ranges toward the Poles, and those shifts will leave traces in the fossil record. Some species will not survive the warming at all. Meanwhile rising temperatures could eventually raise sea levels 20 feet or more.\nLong after our cars, cities, and factories have turned to dust, the consequences of burning billions of tons' worth of coal and oil are likely to be clearly discernible. As carbon dioxide warms the planet, it also seeps into the oceans and acidifies them. Sometime this century they may become acidified to the point that corals can no longer construct reefs, which would register in the geologic record as a \"reef gap.\" Reef gaps have marked each of the past five major mass extinctions. The most recent one, which is believed to have been caused by the impact of an asteroid, took place 65 million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous period; it eliminated not just the dinosaurs, but also the plesiosaurs, pterosaurs, and ammonites. The scale of what's happening now to the oceans is, by many accounts, unmatched since then. To future geologists, Zalasiewicz says, our impact may look as sudden and profound as that of an asteroid.\nIf we have indeed entered a new epoch, then when exactly did it begin? When did human impacts rise to the level of geologic significance?\nWilliam Ruddiman, a paleoclimatologist at the University of Virginia, has proposed that the invention of agriculture some 8,000 years ago, and the deforestation that resulted, led to an increase in atmospheric CO2 just large enough to stave off what otherwise would have been the start of a new ice age; in his view, humans have been the dominant force on the planet practically since the start of the Holocene. Crutzen has suggested that the Anthropocene began in the late 18th century, when, ice cores show, carbon dioxide levels began what has since proved to be an uninterrupted rise. Other scientists put the beginning of the new epoch in the middle of the 20th century, when the rates of both population growth and consumption accelerated rapidly.\nZalasiewicz now heads a working group of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) that is tasked with officially determining whether the Anthropocene deserves to be incorporated into the geologic timescale. A final decision will require votes by both the ICS and its parent organization, the International Union of Geological Sciences. The process is likely to take years. As it drags on, the decision may well become easier. Some scientists argue that we've not yet reached the start of the Anthropocene—not because we haven't had a dramatic impact on the planet, but because the next several decades are likely to prove even more stratigraphically significant than the past few centuries. \"Do we decide the Anthropocene's here, or do we wait 20 years and things will be even worse?\" says Mark Williams, a geologist and colleague of Zalasiewicz's at the University of Leicester in England.\nCrutzen, who started the debate, thinks its real value won't lie in revisions to geology textbooks. His purpose is broader: He wants to focus our attention on the consequences of our collective action—and on how we might still avert the worst. \"What I hope,\" he says, \"is that the term 'Anthropocene' will be a warning to the world.\"", "label": "No"}
{"text": "My dear students, I want to apologize for my long absence. I guess that I had had the flu. For one month I did not feel well, and I frequented the hospital.\nThe last week, when I felt worse, I decided to meet one of my students who is a medical doctor now. She examined me thoroughly, and she gave me a strange piece of advice. She said that I had to have a walk every day; I had to make pauses every half an hour when I use my laptop. I could not believe. However, I tried.\nWhat I would like to advise you is to have a walk at least once a day, for 20 minutes minimum. Just give it a try. You can have a walk after or before your English homework. I hope that my easy homework won’t take more than half an hour, and you could see something else, but not your computers.\nFinally, let’s start with your exercises!\nChange to Present Perfect (some of my phrases are not used in correct grammar; I have written them as an example):\n- We are three years passed by. – We have been students for three years now.\n- I did a lot of things.\n- Did they find the umbrella?\n- She had walked there before us.\n- You had tried everything.\nChange to Present Perfect Continuous:\n- I was studying for two hours. – I have been studying for two hours.\n- We were talking without any break during the whole day!\n- You are waving hand to the crowd of strangers.\n- She is looking through the window.\n- They were creating new projects.\nChange the sentences to Past Perfect:\n- She has done her exercises. – She had done her exercises.\n- We have trained a lot!\n- They have done many exercises.\n- I haven’t come to their place.\n- Have you thought about that case?\nChange the sentences to Past Perfect Continuous:\n- They have been dancing. – They had been dancing.\n- I have been swimming in the pool.\n- You have been talking to me.\n- She has been changing her dresses.\n- We have been walking in the garden.\nFind out the grammar for this lesson here.\nYou will find more exercises and more practice here.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Homograph attacks are a way to deceive someone into thinking they're communicating with a legitimate user by using characters that look visually similar to others that aren't in the same character set.\nThis means someone could use the Cyrillic letter \"e\" in place of the Latin character \"e\". For example the usernames below look the same, but are using different characters:\nSome spellcheck tools and text editors make these differences more apparent by highlighting the letters or word, but when on a website or display without that functionality it will appear to be the exact same.\nWickr is hoping to prevent this type of spoofing by warning a user that the username contains mixed character sets. eg. Cyrillic vs Latin. You'll see a warning like below when communicating with a user that has mixed characters in their username.\n<username> has been flagged for potential spoofing by using mixed encoded\ncharacters in their username. We recommend you verify this user before engaging\nin sensitive communications, or block them. Learn more about Homograph Attacks.\nWe hope this can help identify that someone may be trying to impersonate someone else by using these visually similar characters. Always be sure you're communicating with someone you trust. We'd recommend using the verification feature to prevent this sort of attack, as well as knowing that on Wickr, you cannot message yourself.\nPlease reach out to firstname.lastname@example.org if you have any questions or feel we can help!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A sheet of material formed into a curved surface, like a dome or an eggshell, can support a surprisingly large load. Researchers have known for decades how to calculate the way spherical shells respond to external forces. Now, two separate teams writing in Physical Review Letters have used experimental and theoretical methods to better understand how the geometry of nonspherical shells relates to their stiffness. In addition to guiding structural designs, the results can help researchers interpret mechanical measurements on objects ranging from viruses to blimps.\nShells appear in natural forms ranging from the protective protein enclosures around viruses to birds’ eggs and in manufactured forms ranging from table tennis balls to architectural domes. Their combination of light weight and high load-bearing capacity results directly from their geometry, but scientists have not found it easy to work out a full mathematical description of this apparently simple connection.\nPushing a pencil point gently against an egg triggers a complex mechanical reaction. The material of the eggshell bends rather easily, so a tiny depression forms at the point of contact. However, flattening out the convex surface pushes the nearby shell outward, squeezing the shell material in directions radiating away from the point of contact. The eggshell resists this lateral compression much more strongly than it resists bending. As a result, it’s harder to deform the more highly curved surface at the tip of an egg than the more gently curved surface of the side of the egg.\nFor strictly spherical shells, the relationship between bending, compression, and geometry was described mathematically more than sixty years ago. But for more complicated shapes, engineers have come to rely on computer simulations.\nPedro Reis and his team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge set out instead to find basic rules for these deformations experimentally, using new three-dimensional printing techniques to create molds for making precisely shaped “eggshells.” “Being able to 3D-print molds and using fast-curing elastomers allowed us to move much faster in the experiment,” says Reis. The researchers made a series of ellipsoidal shells from different materials and with different shapes, injected them with pressurized fluid, and measured the deformation as they poked them with a narrow tip. Initially, the team intended to explore large deformations and breakage, expecting that for small deformations, “everything must be known,” Reis says. “Little by little, we realized that was not quite the case.”\nThe simplest case, beyond the sphere, is the “polar” region of a symmetric ellipsoid of revolution, which, like the tip of an egg, has the same curvature in all directions. In this case, the measurements confirmed that the indentation of an ellipsoid is the same as for a sphere with matching curvature. Pressing on the side of the egg is subtly different, however, because the curvature is no longer the same in all directions. The researchers found that the deformation in this case was equivalent to that of a sphere with curvature equal to the average of the curvatures along the “waist” and the long axis of the egg. This way of characterizing the curvature allowed the team to model the stiffness of the ellipsoidal shell by using the known relationship between applied force and depth of indentation for a spherical shell. Moreover, says Reis, their analysis applies to any nonspherical convex shell, since the average curvature at any location can be defined in a similar way.\nA second international collaboration has also been studying this problem, supplementing theoretical analysis with numerical simulations. Their original motivation, says Arezki Boudaoud of the University of Lyon in France, was to see if they could determine the internal pressure of plant cells by observing how they indented when prodded. They had previously calculated how internal pressure modifies the indentation response of a spherical shell. “I thought that this would have been worked out somewhere in the literature,” says Boudaoud. “It wasn’t the case.”\nLearning of the work by the MIT team, Boudaoud and his colleagues developed a more sophisticated mathematical analysis that applies to nonspherical, pressurized shells. Overall, says Boudaoud, their conclusions agree well with the simpler arguments of the MIT team. But he says “it’s still an open issue” how best to quantify the curvature when it is not the same in all directions. In some cases, instead of the simple average used by the MIT team, the simulations and theoretical analysis by Boudaoud and his colleagues favor using an average based on the product, not the sum, of the curvatures in the principal directions. Experiments of the type conducted by the MIT team cannot easily distinguish between the two possibilities because it’s hard to make long, thin ellipsoids where the two averages would differ significantly.\n“This is an exciting time for the mechanics community, because there’s a bunch of new experimental tools … to make structures in all shapes and sizes and materials,” says Douglas Holmes of Virginia Tech in Blacksburg. The new work suggests ways in which it may be possible to exploit geometry to modify structural properties. “Instead of trying to come up with better, stronger, and tougher materials to use, maybe if we redesigned the shape of the material, that would have the same effect.”\nDon Monroe is a freelance science writer in Murray Hill, New Jersey.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "(WINdows Future Storage) The code name for a unified storage subsystem that was expected in Windows Vista but never completed. Using a relational database and XML meta-data, WinFS was designed to go beyond the hierarchical view that Explorer presents to the user. It would have let users index and combine heterogeneous data formats such as files, folders, email and contacts. Data would be searched like a search engine, which yields results in different formats (HTML pages, documents, etc.).FS Is Not a File System\nBecause \"FS\" is in the name, WinFS was often mistaken for a new file system. WinFS was designed to sit on top of the NTFS file system, and software developers would write to the WinFS programming interface (API). See NTFS.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "By the time World War II began on September 1, 1939, Germany had purged itself of its Jewish professors, scientists, and scholars. Some of these academics, deprived of their livelihoods by the Nazis, found refuge in the United States. But in this new world, they faced an uncertain future.\nA few dozen refugee scholars unexpectedly found positions in historically black colleges in the American South. There, as recent escapees from persecution in Nazi Germany, they came face to face with the absurdities of a rigidly segregated Jim Crow society. In their new positions, they met, taught, and interacted with students who had grown up in, and struggled with, this racist environment.\nThe exhibit draws the obvious parallels between the German anti-Jewish laws and the social, legal and political segregation and disenfranchisement of African-Americans in the United States. The exhibit highlights some of the refugee-scholars' early acts of civil disobedience (before it was even called \"civil disobedience\") in solidarity with their students.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Do You Know How Much You’re Really Borrowing?\nBorrowing money is never an ideal solution to cashflow problems. But in today’s world, many of us have no choice. Whether we take out loans, have credit card debt, or get payday loans, money borrowing is a way of life in many households. Before borrowing money, however, it’s essential that you understand exactly how much you’re borrowing. And things might not be as simple as you think.\nBorrowing Isn’t Simple\nIf you borrow £20 from you friend, you pay him back £20 the next time you see him. Easy. But borrowing from a company (a bank, credit card company, or loan provider) isn’t as simple as that. Obviously, these companies need to make money, so you’re going to end up paying back more than you borrow.\nYou probably know about interest, and can make a fair guess that if you borrow £1000 from your credit card company you’re going to be paying back more than £1000. But how much you pay back isn’t just a question of interest. There are actually five different things that affect your payback amount.\nWhat Affects How Much You Pay Back\nLet’s say you need a loan of £2000 to pay for a big family holiday. You’ll probably fund this by paying for your vacation on your credit card. Or maybe you need to do some work on your house, so you borrow £5000 from you bank. Either way, you’re going to be paying back more than you borrowed. How much you pay back is determined by five things:\n- The loan amount: e. the total amount that you borrowed\n- The fees: these are extra charges that the company adds to the cost of your loan to cover things like administrative expenses\n- The repayment schedule: whether repayments are monthly or if there are lump sum payments\n- The loan length: how long you need the money for and when you can pay back the amount by\n- The interest rate: the percentage of the loan that the company adds to the total fees as a fee for borrowing the money\nHow does each of these things influence your borrowing? Let’s look at each of them in more detail.\nThe Loan Amount\nThis one is simple, if you borrow £500 then you’ll pay back at least £500. If you borrow £5000 then you’ll pay back at least £5000. However, there’s an added point here in that many companies charge different interest rates depending on how big the sum is that you want to borrow. It may end up costing you a lot more to borrow £501 than it does to borrow £499 simply because the institution you’re borrowing from charges a certain interest rate for loans up to £500 and a larger interest rate for loans above that amount.\nAnother simple one. Most institutions charge fixed fees for processing loans and administrative costs. When borrowing you should always ask about fees and check the small print of any contracts as well. These fees are unavoidable, unfortunately.\nThe Repayment Schedule\nWhilst many institutions require monthly payments, not all do. And even if you do have monthly payments, some lenders also accept “lump sum” payments where you can pay off a big chunk of your debt at one time. In most cases (and counter-intuitively) you’ll usually end up paying MORE in interest if you pay lump sums than if you pay regular monthly payments. A regular monthly repayment schedule tends to be the cheapest way to borrow money. A big lump sum payment can mean much higher interest rates.\nA Note on Minimum Payments\nWhilst we’re talking about payment schedules, it’s important to mention minimum payments. Some companies, particularly credit card companies, have something called a minimum payment. This means that there’s a minimum you can pay each month without getting a penalty, but you can also pay more if you like. Paying only the minimum payment on a loan is NOT a good idea, you should always pay more if you can.\nA minimum payment is usually a percentage of how much you’ve borrowed, which means it gets lower over time as you pay off your loan. Paying only the minimum payment means it will take you MUCH longer to pay off your loan, which in turn means you’ll be paying interest for longer, and that means that the total amount you end up paying back is more.\nEven adding an extra £10 to the minimum monthly payment will help save you money in the long run!\nThe Loan Length\nThe shorter the length of your loan, the less money you’ll pay in interest over the course of the loan, which means you’ll pay less to borrow money overall. It might be tempting to go for a longer loan term since monthly payments will be lower, but in truth, that shorter loan is a better plan.\nDon’t believe it? Hypothetically, let’s say you borrow £5000 at an APR (we’ll get to explaining APR in a moment!) of 11.72%, which is pretty standard. Over the course of a three-year loan, your monthly payments will be £165.40, which comes to a total of £6631 over three years. On a five year loan, on the other hand, your monthly payments might be only £110.52, but that comes to a total of £7298 by the end of the loan period!\nThe Interest Rate\nIf you borrow money you’ll be charged interest on that sum until you’ve finished repayments. This adds a lot to the cost of borrowing. Interest rates on loans are given in a percentage with the abbreviation APR (which stands for “annual percentage rate of charge”). As you can probably guess, the lower that percentage, the better since you’ll end up paying back less money over the course of your loan.\nA Note on APR Rates\nMany loan companies, credit card companies, and banks advertise quite heavily, and most will include an APR in their advertisements. Be aware that UK law only requires companies to give 51% of their customers their advertised APR. Just because a company advertises a great APR does NOT mean that you will receive it! Always check your APR before signing for a loan.\nSo How Do I Know How Much I’m REALLY Borrowing?\nBorrowing £5000 isn’t just a question of paying back £5000. You’ll need to take into account all five of the above factors to figure out the overall cost of borrowing the amount that you need. This can involve some complicated maths, but there are loan calculators available online to help you out. You can find a couple of examples here and here, though most banks and credit card companies also have loan calculators on their websites.\nBe aware that these loan calculators are only a guide and may not give you the exact amount you’ll end up paying back (many of them don’t include fees from the company that you’re borrowing from, for example). They’ll give you a good idea of what you’re getting into, but it’s up to you to check all the possibilities before signing for that loan or spending on your credit card.\nBefore You Borrow\nBorrowing money can be an expensive business, and it’s very easy to get into debt if you don’t realise the true cost of borrowing. It’s important that before you borrow (or run up your credit card) that you consider a few things.\nThe first of these considerations is whether or not you really need to borrow money at all. Is what you’re planning on buying essential? A family holiday might sound nice, but is it really worth getting into debt for? Especially when that holiday is going to end up costing you way more than the ticket price. Also consider whether you can better pay for what you need through savings or even a personal loan from a family member, rather than needing to pay fees and interest to a lending institution.\nAnd obviously, you’ll need to take a look at how much your repayments are going to be using all the above factors before committing to borrowing!\nHow Much Can You Repay?\nThe key important factor when borrowing money isn’t how much you can borrow, or how much you can afford to pay each month, or which bank you use, or anything else. There is one over-riding question that you have to ask yourself before borrowing:\nHow Much Can I Afford to Repay?\nYou’ll need to work out the total cost of borrowing a sum taking into account APR, loan length, and everything else before deciding that you want to sign on the dotted line!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy\nLaser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is an emission spectroscopy technique that provides an elemental fingerprint of the sample under investigation.\nA LIBS measurement starts with an energetic laser pulse. The laser pulse is tightly focused onto the sample of interest to form a plasma. From this plasma highly discrete colors of light are emitted, called emission lines; these lines are characteristic for the elements present in the sample. A spectrometer unravels the different colors emitted from the sample and creates a spectrum. A digital camera captures the spectrum and dedicated software translates the emitted spectrum into the composition of the sample. Because all elements emit light at characteristic frequencies when excited, LIBS can in principle detect all elements, limited only by the amount of energy present in the plasma and the wavelength range of the used spectrometer.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "While living in Fresno, California, during the early 1970s, Judy Chicago undertook a research project focused on female artists throughout the ages. These days, such an initiative hardly seems revolutionary—many books have since been published about pioneers by historians like Linda Nochlin, Griselda Pollock, Mary Garrard, and more. But at the time, art history as it existed in the U.S. was almost exclusively focused on the achievement of white males based in Europe and New York. Chicago sought to change that.\nShe learned that nuns aided in illuminating manuscripts alongside monks, and that women like Anna Claypoole and Sarah Peale were painting in the U.S. during the 19th century. She came upon the work of artists like Artemisia Gentileschi, the Baroque painter whose work has more recently acted as a symbol of the #MeToo movement, and Angelica Kaufmann, who during her day was among the most famous Neoclassical artists. She saw how paintings by Judith Leyster and Rosalba Carreira could offer visions of women by women, and how Impressionists like Mary Cassatt and Berthe Morisot were forced to live in the shadow of their male colleagues. (Most of the women Chicago surveyed were white and European. Chicago has said her limited focus was due in part to the purview of the literature she relied upon.)\n“Many of these artists struggled with obstacles similar to those I had encountered: negative attitudes toward women; not being taken seriously; and, most grievous, being deprived of the opportunities and rewards that allow one’s career to flourish,” Chicago writes in The Flowering: The Autobiography of Judy Chicago, which was published earlier this year by Thames & Hudson. “Even in the face of innumerable impediments, including a lack of formal art training, they had carved out lives for themselves in a world where only male artists had the support of the culture.”\nSince Chicago began her research project, many of the women she explored have been given proper museum surveys and biographies of their own. Now, Chicago has been inscribed in the lineage of which Gentileschi, Carreira, Morisot, and others are a part. This Saturday, the de Young Museum in San Francisco will open Chicago’s first-ever retrospective, cementing her place in history as one of the most important feminist artists ever. Though that show doesn’t include her most famous project, The Dinner Party (1974–79), it will feature a breadth of work that spans the full of her career, from early paintings done on car hoods to her latest series focused on death and ecological destruction. Below, a look at Chicago’s expansive oeuvre.\nEarly Feminist Experiments\nPeople now know Judy Chicago’s name far and wide—but in fact, it wasn’t the moniker she was given when she was born to two Jewish liberals in Illinois’s largest city in 1939. Early on, the young Judy Cohen demonstrated a natural aptitude for art and was exposed to leftist politics, thanks to her father, who was a registered Communist. It wasn’t until the ’60s, after she had studied art at the University of California, Los Angeles and after her first husband had died, that she took on a new last name.\nIn 1966, she christened herself Judy Chicago on the advice of her dealer Rolf Nelson, who admired her Illinoisian accent. For a show at California State University, Fullerton, she exhibited a sculpture, along with a text offering insight into the name change: “Judy Gerowitz hereby divests herself of all names imposed upon her through male social dominance and freely chooses her own name: Judy Chicago.” The sculpture she showed was a set of semi-translucent acrylic half-spheres set atop a table-like structure. Smooth and sleek, it was of a piece with the Finish Fetish aesthetic that was pervasive in California at the time. It looked a lot like Minimalist sculpture—with key differences: it was a lot less imposing, and a lot more colorful.\nThe Minimalist sculptors gaining name recognition at the time were largely white men based in New York making giant art out of industrial materials and mathematical systems. Chicago, who exhibited alongside them in Kynaston McShine’s famed 1966 show “Primary Structures” at the Jewish Museum in New York, took issue with this, and sought to find a way to create art that would be reflective of her own experience. One method was to generate a form of abstraction that referred directly to vaginas, vulvas, and breasts—a project she had begun in grad school with works painted on car hoods that collapsed male and female sex organs. (She would later return to making these abstractions throughout her career, producing them until 2004.) They were panned by her male colleagues and professors who saw them. Another was to make her repetitive forms colorful and quite unlike the steely creations being put out by the Minimalists.\nBut Chicago found herself frustrated with the abstract language she had engineered, since it couldn’t fully communicate her struggle as a woman. And so she ventured in a new direction.\nThe Life of the Party\nDuring the ’70s, alongside many women across the U.S., Chicago joined the fight for women’s liberation. In response, her work began to tackle feminist themes more directly. Her practice also began expanding beyond gallery walls. For one series of performances, titled “Atmospheres,” she sprayed plumes of smoke amid arid landscapes, in an attempt to “feminize” her surroundings. (More recently, these works have been criticized for their ecological impact—a San Diego venue pulled out of hosting one in 2021 as part of the Desert X biennial, claiming that the smoke sculpture would hurt flora and fauna nearby.) Yet there were also projects from this era that looked nothing like art at all.\nIn 1970, Chicago started the Feminist Art Project at what is now the California State University, Fresno. Intended as a space for women, who were often marginalized at top art schools across the country, the Feminist Art Project was a part of Chicago’s consciousness-raising efforts, and was later redeveloped with artist Miriam Schapiro as the Feminist Art Program at CalArts. In 1973, Chicago would leave CalArts to cofound, with Arlene Raven and Sheila Levrant de Bretteville, the influential Woman’s Building in L.A., where they hosted the Feminist Studio Workshop.\nChicago also made a space for women artists to make art, with Womanhouse, a 1972 project in which a Chicago, Schapiro, and other women artists, including their students, inhabited a Los Angeles house to create a collaborative Gesamtkunstwerk that included performances and installations there, drawing hundreds of visitors. Chicago’s contribution was Menstrual Bathroom, for which she lined a lavatory with feminine hygiene products that appeared to be used.\nMany consider Chicago’s greatest work to be The Dinner Party (1974–79), an epic installation resembling a triangular table with place settings honoring women from throughout history, from Egyptian pharaoh Hatshepsut to American artist Georgia O’Keeffe. At each of the 39 settings was a plate depicting the sitter’s vagina, often with allusions to their artistic style or character. Beneath the table are tiles with the names of around 1,000 other women. The project was an example of the way Chicago began to merge “high” art with “low” craft techniques, such as a ceramics and embroidery, which had been historically been considered lesser than painting and sculpture because of their historical associations as so-called women’s work.\nAfter premiering at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the installation toured the nation. Lucy Lippard called it “one of the most ambitious works of art made in the postwar period” in Art in America, although her critical admiration for the piece was rare at the time. The piece now resides at the Brooklyn Museum in New York, though this wasn’t meant to be the piece’s home—Chicago planned on giving it to the University of the District of Columbia, then rescinded the offer after Republicans in the House of Representatives called it “obscene” and withdrew funding for the school in 1990.\nThe Dinner Party marked one attempt to tell “‘herstory’ through techniques that were considered ‘womanly,’” as Chicago recalls in The Flowering, and it was met with big crowds and national media coverage. But not everyone sang its praises. Some accused Chicago of exploiting the workers she enlisted to produce the project—a charge she vehemently denies in her autobiography. Others claimed that Chicago’s dinner party had an exclusive invite list—few women of color made the cut. In 2018, Chicago explained this absence by telling the New York Review of Books that there was “little or no knowledge about any of these women” of color when she began working on The Dinner Party. When women of color do appear, they are often not placed on equal footing to their predominantly white company. Alice Walker famously focused on Sojourner Truth’s plate, which was one of the few that featured not a vagina but three faces. “It occurred to me that perhaps white women feminists, no less than white women generally, cannot imagine that black women have vaginas,” Walker wrote.\nSince The Dinner Party, Chicago has worked predominantly in a figurative mode. After such a grand installation, Chicago’s next series was something more intimate: “The Birth Project,” which sought to right an art-historical wrong by offering depictions of mothers during labor that had rarely been seen throughout art history. Chicago attributed this absence to the patriarchy, saying, “If men had babies, there would be thousands of images of the crowning.” The resulting pieces, done via needlepoint and needlework, abstractly show children emerging from vaginas, with women’s bodies appearing to split open and emit rays of light in the process. At times, these images seem violent, even disturbing; at others, they are beautiful.\nAfter this came “PowerPlay” (1982–87), a series of paintings in which a muscular male figure’s body appears to undergo various transformations—shedding his skin in one memorable work, and peeing all over a mountainous landscape in another. She continued her exploration of power and domination with “Holocaust Project: From Darkness into Light” (1985–1993), which sought to understand the roots of a genocide that resulted in the killings of more than 6 million Jews and an estimated 5 million from other marginalized groups. Interwoven in it were meditations on colonial conquests in the U.S.\nIn recent years, Chicago has found widespread success. She now has representation with two galleries, Salon 94 and Jessica Silverman, and has said that her work’s appearance in a Getty Museum show about the postwar L.A. art scene, held as first of the Pacific Standard Time initiative, in 2011, helped cement her reputation. She has since designed the runway for a Dior show and appeared on the “TIME 100” list.\nAll the while, Chicago has continued making her politically engaged her art, directing much of her focus toward environmentalist concerns over the three decades. Building off concerns explored in bodies of work such as the needlework series “Resolutions: A Stitch in Time” (1994–2000), Chicago’s most recent series, “The End: A Meditation on Death and Extinction” (2015–19), is just as much a project about the horrors wrought by humanity on the natural world as it is on her own mortality. In these paintings done on black glass, sinewy humans are shown on their deathbeds, and animals are depicting crying out on pain. Amid the carnage, Chicago periodically sounds a hopeful note. In Stranded (2016), she shows a polar bear atop a shrinking icecap. Beneath it is a text quoting the environmentalist Derrick Jensen: “Every creature on the planet must be hoping that… our time of awakening comes soon.”", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Robotics researchers at Oregon State University reckon that they've created a robot that walks more like a human than any before. It's hoped that it could allow robots to be more integrated into our lives.\nThe breakthrough is based on \"spring-mass\" theory, which combines a mechanical system of walking with computer control. That combination lets the robot react blindly to rough terrain while maintaining balance and retaining efficiency of motion. The team described their technique in an article in IEEE Transactions on Robotics.\nThe concept was theorised less than a decade ago, and came from studies of both human and animal walking and running. It turns out that we combine sensory input from nerves, vision, muscles and tendons to create our locomotion.\nPutting Theory Into Action\nNow, that process has been put into a working robot - one named ATRIAS, which has been undergoing testing for several months. It's three times more energy-efficient than other human-sized two-legged robots. \"Other robotic approaches may have legs and motion, but don't really capture the underlying physics,\" said Jonathan Hurst, who runs the Dynamic Robotics Laboratory at Oregon State University.\nHurst added that he believes legged robots will be able to more closely integrate into human lives. \"We know it is possible, based on the example of animals. So it's inevitable that we will solve the problem with robots. This could become as big as the automotive industry.\"\nHe said: \"We're convinced this is the approach on which the most successful legged robots will work. It retains the substance and science of legged animal locomotion, and animals demonstrate performance that far exceeds any other approach we've seen. This is the way to go.\"", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Scottish cattle droving was once important in our economy, notably when Crieff ‘tryst’ was a major cattle market, before railways ended the droving trade there.\nTable of Contents\nIn the story of Scottish cattle droving, not much remains that is obvious in the landscape.\nBelow is a picture of an ordinary country lane in Perthshire.\nIt leads down to the River Earn, at a point called Dalpatrick Ford, near the town of Crieff, in Perthshire. (It’s marked by the line of trees in the picture below, in the middle distance.)\nThe notch in the centre of the picture in the hazy background hills is the mouth of Glen Turret. The shoulders of the ‘Munro’ Ben Chonzie are on the left, by the tree. Basically this is a view looking due north into the Highlands.\nWhile Glen Turret has no through road; to the east, (right) just out of shot, is the Sma’ Glen. This glen is a historic through route between Highland and Lowland.\nA Network Of Drove Roads\nThough it looks an attractive-enough bit of Perthshire countryside, there is a ghostly network converging on the old ford here from several Highland routes out of the north.\nAnd they are all related to the long-vanished trade of Scottish cattle droving.\nThe peaceful Dalpatrick Ford was a main crossing place for the herds, raised in the north, when they were driven south to the autumn market or tryst; where they were bought by dealers from the south.\nHighlandman’s Loan (cf ‘lane’)\nRoughly in the first half of the 18th century, this market took place in nearby Crieff, then later at Falkirk, further south, beyond the River Forth.\nA straight line from Dalpatrick Ford back north towards the entrance to the Sma Glen more or less follows a road still called Highlandman’s Loan.\nThis historic name in the story of Scottish cattle droving recalls its connection to the hardy Highlanders who came this way long ago.\nCattle in the old days were black!\nWhen it comes to pinning down what sort of cattle the drovers were moving south, most sources speak of the small black and wiry Highland cattle, often going by the name of kyloes.\nThese seem to have originated in the far west of Scotland, mostly on the islands.\nThe red hairy coos that are practically an icon of Scotland today also came from the west, but were bigger, though perhaps not as big as some of the pedigreed specimens so beloved of tourists today.\nSometimes you see black ones, sometimes they have paler coats – but it was their ancestors who made those one-way journeys south. (More on where to see Highland cattle in Scotland here.)\nCrieff – Once Scotland’s Largest Financial Centre\nIt is extraordinary to think that in its cattle-dealing heyday, the little resort town of Crieff was virtually Scotland’s largest financial centre – and, in an eerie echo of today’s straitened circumstances, much of the cattle business was done on credit.\nThere wasn’t much cash around, so the dealing was based on bills of exchange. This written promise to pay was in circulation pretty much like a banknote.\nThere was even a bank crash in 1772 which brought down several embryonic financial houses who had interests in the cattle trade.\nAs an aside, the word ‘pecuniary’, ie relating to money or measured in money, goes all the way back to the Latin noun for cattle: pecus. This in turn is a reminder of societies whose wealth is or was measured in cattle. And this of course includes the Scottish clans of old.\nA Tryst – An Agreed Meeting Place\nIn Scots, the word tryst means an agreed meeting place – so that the dealers trysted with the owners or drovers to meet them in order to do business. (More on Scottish words here.)\nThere’s a strand of meaning of the standard English trust in there as well.\n– and so we return to the idea of credit, and the collapse of economies when that trust is absent.\nTrue in the old days and still true today. I wonder if the Crieff pubs in those days had a sign behind the bar that said something like ‘Cash Only – Nae Coos’. Actually it’s more likely they said ‘Nae rowdy Highlanders’.\nBy then the Jacobite threat had faded and English dealers felt more confident about travelling north of the Border!\nStrictly speaking, Crieff’s role in the story of Scottish cattle droving as an important tryst ended not because of financial reasons but because of the more peaceable political situation in the latter half of the 18th century.\nThe tryst moved to Falkirk as it was nearer England. But just imagine those drovers, as they made their way through the mountains in all weathers, hoping for a good price for their speculative purchases on the hoof.\nCattle Drovers To Cowboys\nAnd in turn, when changing economic conditions impacted on the Highlands and emigration sadly became almost the norm, the skills of the hardy Highland cattle drovers were exported and made their mark in the New World.\nTheir descendants became some of the cowboys of the ‘Wild West’. (Our page on Scotland’s music also makes reference to the songs they took with them across the Atlantic.)\nFinally – your guide to Highland cattle spotting in Scotland.\nCan’t go wrong with this accommodation in Crieff.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Nevertheless, the main system used in most nations is the progressive tax which emphasizes on paying as one earns (Christia, 2006). Each system of taxation is fair and unfair in its own way. Progressive, regressive, and lump-sum taxation systems are unfair while proportional taxation system is very fair when applied in obtaining revenue.\nProgressive tax system is where the effective tax rate increases as the amount affected by the rate increases. In most cases progressive tax system is known as the PAYE (Pay as you earn). This means that the more a person earns the more tax he or she pays (Hatzipanayotou, 2004). With progressive tax system those who work hard to earn more are likely to be charged more in terms of tax and this is unfair. Progressive tax rate encourages laziness and discourages hard work. On a different perspective regressive tax system is the opposite of progressive. In this regards with decreases effective rate the amount affected increases on the other hand (Christia, 2006). This is also an unfair system of taxation as those who have will pay less as compared to the poor. In addition, this means that the more a person earns the less he or she pays in form of tax and the less a person earns the more he or she pays in form of tax (Freedman & Chamberlain, 2007). Lump-sum tax system on the other hand does not give priority on the efforts placed by individuals in developing their nations. Therefore, these three systems of taxation are unfair.\nProportional taxation system emphasizes on the effort placed by individual citizens in trying to build their countries. In this taxation system, the effective tax rate is fixed irrespective of the amount being taxed (Slemrod, 2000). Therefore, the more a person earns the more he or she takes home with the tax rate being the same. Schmidt (2000) points out that when one is lazy hence", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Ethical Hacker Jobs\nHopefully you’ve never been a victim of cyber crime. Cyber crime is the new frontier for criminals. It’s scary what these outlaws are capable of. Who can help protect you? That’s the job of an ethical hacker.\nEthical hackers, sometimes called penetration testers, are computer hackers. With permission they use invasive computer hacking skills to test security systems to expose weaknesses and vulnerabilities. Any loopholes or problems with security can then be fixed to help make the cyber world safer. Their job is to stay one step ahead of the bad guys – to think like cyber criminals in order to stop them. And it’s very lucrative.\nEvery company in the world collects information on computers and servers. All of our personal information is stored somewhere and criminals want it. This is why computer security is a billion dollar industry.\nCyber crimes such as poached emails, data tampering, logo switching, spam mail, stolen identities, credit card theft, destructive viruses, password pilfering, corporate espionage, and even cyber terrorism are all threats that our highly connected world must deal with. Most of these crimes happen to unsuspecting victims and may go unnoticed for long periods of time.\nEthical hackers are experts with computers. They are able to manipulate servers, networks, operating systems, programming languages, and wireless systems to help solve security issues. The biggest skill they have is that they are able to penetrate security systems. It’s scary to think that people can do this, but ethical hackers are extremely trustworthy and pass multiple background checks – companies don’t want valuable information put in the wrong hands. Luckily, ethical hackers use their skills for good, not evil.\nEthical hackers always have to stay on top of the latest trends, software, and hardware. New breakthroughs in security and new advancement in crimes mean the industry is always changing. Being creative and thinking outside the box are good qualities for an ethical hacker to have when they work in teams or solo.\nEthical hacking is a relatively new career. E-commerce companies, government agencies, private firms, and security consultants are drooling for the chance to hire a great ethical hacker to legally break into their systems. Most ethical hackers learn the trade by mastering computer languages and programming skills from books, websites, and experts.\nDo a Google search to find ethical hacker training and certifications on the Internet. As this career is computer based, there is plenty of information on the Internet – some legit and some a bit questionable. The most respected certification, and one that is approved by the US Department of Defense, is the International Council of E-Commerce Consultants (EC Council) Ethical Hacker Certification.\nThe EC Council’s Ethical Hacker Certification covers all aspects of hacking – legality, footprints, scanning, system hacking, Trojans, backdoors, sniffers, social engineering, web servers, web app vulnerability, SQL injection, viruses, linux hacking, cryptography, pen test methods, and much more. To become certified, ethical hackers must have experience and pass extensive exams. Certification opens up more job opportunities and higher pay.\nThe information security field is a growing global industry. There are plenty of jobs available. Currently, the average salary for an ethical hacker is $66,000 per year, but with a few years of experience they will make over $100,000 per year. That’s not bad for staring at a computer screen.\nEthical hacking is the future of cyber crime fighting. As long as you stay on top of the game and use your highly developed skills for good – you’ll make a huge paycheck. This career rocks because you get to legally hack and help protect the world.\nQuick Facts About Ethical Hacking Work\nJob Title: Ethical Hacker, Penetration Tester\nOffice: At a computer\nDescription: With permission, use computer skills to penetrate information systems to increase security, identify weaknesses and vulnerabilities, and decrease criminal penetration\nCertifications/Education: No formal education required. EC Council Certification\nNecessary Skills: Knowledge of programming, script languages, hacking\nPotential Employers: Private firms, Security consultants, Banks, Government\nPay: Average $66,000 per year, Over $100,000 with experience and success\nHelpful Ethical Hacker Job Links:", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The United States Postal Service (USPS) plays a vital role in the daily lives of Americans by delivering mail and packages to every corner of the country. At the helm of this massive operation is the U.S. Postmaster, a crucial figure responsible for ensuring efficient mail delivery across America. In this article, we will explore the various responsibilities and challenges faced by the U.S. Postmaster in maintaining reliable postal services.\nOverseeing Operations and Logistics\nAs the head of USPS, the U.S. Postmaster is tasked with overseeing all operations and logistics involved in mail delivery. This includes managing thousands of post offices, processing centers, and transportation networks spread throughout the nation. From urban areas to remote rural communities, it is the responsibility of the U.S. Postmaster to ensure that mail reaches every American household in a timely manner.\nEfficient logistics management is crucial for streamlining processes within USPS. The U.S. Postmaster works closely with regional managers and supervisors to optimize routes, schedule deliveries, and allocate resources effectively. By constantly monitoring performance metrics and adapting strategies as needed, they strive to enhance efficiency and minimize delays.\nImplementing Technological Innovations\nIn an increasingly digital era, USPS faces new challenges posed by electronic communication alternatives such as email or online bill payments. To stay competitive and meet customer expectations, the U.S. Postmaster must embrace technological innovations that enhance efficiency without compromising security.\nOne area where technological advancements have been implemented is in package tracking systems. The U.S. Postmaster has championed initiatives that provide customers with real-time updates on their packages’ whereabouts through online platforms or mobile applications. These innovations not only improve customer satisfaction but also enable USPS to efficiently manage its vast volume of parcels.\nAdditionally, embracing automation technology has helped streamline processes within USPS facilities such as sorting centers or post offices themselves, reducing human error and increasing overall efficiency. The U.S. Postmaster plays a crucial role in identifying and implementing these technological advancements across the postal service.\nEnsuring Employee Training and Development\nA vital aspect of maintaining efficient mail delivery is ensuring that USPS employees are well-trained and equipped with the necessary skills to carry out their duties effectively. The U.S. Postmaster is responsible for overseeing employee training and development programs throughout the postal service.\nBy providing comprehensive training, USPS employees can handle various tasks efficiently, ranging from sorting mail to operating advanced machinery. The U.S. Postmaster collaborates with human resources departments to develop training programs that address evolving industry standards, technological advancements, and safety protocols.\nMoreover, the U.S. Postmaster ensures that employees receive ongoing professional development opportunities to stay updated on best practices and enhance their performance. By investing in employee growth, USPS can maintain a highly skilled workforce capable of meeting the demands of modern mail delivery services.\nAdvocating for Postal Service Modernization\nThe U.S. Postmaster serves as a vocal advocate for postal service modernization by actively engaging with policymakers, stakeholders, and the public alike. They play an essential role in shaping legislation that supports USPS’s mission and secures its financial stability.\nAs technology continues to reshape how people communicate, the U.S. Postmaster must advocate for reforms that allow USPS to adapt while still fulfilling its universal service obligation – providing affordable mail delivery to all Americans regardless of location.\nBy collaborating with legislators, industry partners, and the public, the U.S. Postmaster works towards securing funding for infrastructure improvements, implementing cost-saving measures without sacrificing quality of service or compromising jobs within USPS.\nIn conclusion, the U.S. Postmaster plays a vital role in ensuring efficient mail delivery across America by overseeing operations and logistics within USPS, implementing technological innovations, ensuring employee training and development, and advocating for postal service modernization. Through their leadership and strategic decision-making, the U.S. Postmaster works towards maintaining reliable mail services that connect communities and facilitate communication nationwide.\nThis text was generated using a large language model, and select text has been reviewed and moderated for purposes such as readability.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "On this day 150 years ago, a statewide referendum overwhelmingly affirmed the Virginia Convention‘s vote to secede. The tally was 125,950 to 20,373, or about 86 percent in favor. A landslide, in other words. Towns from Lynchburg to Centreville were unanimous in their support, while in all of Augusta County only ten men braved a “no” vote. And make no mistake: voting “no” was a brave act. Ballots were public; one had to step up and announce his preference, and do so in the face of declarations like this one from the Staunton Vindicator: “We look upon such conduct [voting no] as treason, and deserving the halter.” A dentist dared to express his sympathies for Lincoln and was threatened with “summary punishment.”\nMartinsburg was the only town in the Shenandoah Valley to vote against secession (3-to-1 against, in fact), but even Martinsburg had its share of “secesh” sentiment. On the Fourth of July that year, a young woman who claimed that a Union soldier had sworn at her mother shot and killed the man. Her name? Belle Boyd, of course.\nOh, and she was acquitted on all charges.\nIMAGE: Virginia Sentinel (Alexandria, Virginia) Tuesday, May 21, 1861; Issue 62; col B", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Master of Natural Sciences (MNS)\nNatural Sciences (Interdepartmental Program)\nABSTRACT Many high school Geometry students lack the perseverance required to complete complex and time-consuming problems. This project tests the hypothesis that if students were provided with a means of organizing their problem solving work they will be less apt to quit when faced with complex and time-consuming mathematical problems. This study involved students enrolled in 10th grade Geometry and 10th grade Honors Geometry in two similar high schools. After trying unsuccessfully to implement methods adapted from an engineering workshop, I designed a graphic organizer that was simple to use and acceptable to the students. Ultimately, I did not detect a direct effect on perseverance, but the graphic organizer appeared to increase student communications about problem solving and aided the teacher in quickly diagnosing student problem-solving progress. Thus, it did help to create classroom conditions conducive to student engagement.\nDocument Availability at the Time of Submission\nRelease the entire work immediately for access worldwide.\n(Treadway) Duncker, Angelique Renee, \"Exploring Student Perseverance in Problem Solving\" (2013). LSU Master's Theses. 671.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Last modified: 2002-09-28 by rick wyatt\nKeywords: coat of arms | united states |\nLinks: FOTW homepage | search | disclaimer and copyright | write us | mirrors\nby Joe McMillan, 15 February 2000\nImmediately after declaring independence on July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress constituted a committee consisting of Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson to propose a design for a seal for the new United States of America. It was not until June 20, 1782, however, following the fruitless efforts of this and two other committees, that Congress approved a design recommended by its Secretary, Charles Thomson. Following the adoption of the Constitution of 1787, Congress enacted a law confirming this design as the great seal of the United States. The obverse of the seal consists of the coat of arms, which is officially blazoned in the original approving legislation as:\n\"ARMS. Paleways of thirteen pieces, argent and gules; a chief, azure; the escutcheon on the breast of the American eagle displayed proper, holding in his dexter talon an olive branch, and in his sinister a bundle of thirteen arrows, all proper, and in his beak a scroll, inscribed with this motto, E Pluribus Unum.Thomson's explanation of the symbolism was also approved by the Continental Congress:\nFor the CREST. Over the head of the eagle, which appears above the escutcheon, a glory, or, breaking through a cloud, proper, and surrounding thirteen stars, forming a constellation argent, on an azure field.\"\nThe correct adoption date is 20 June 1782, when Congress adopted the report of the committee that designed the seal (of which the COA constitutes the obverse). The 7 July 1884 date is nothing more than the date of the act by which the Secretary of State was appropriated $1,000 to buy new dies for the seal. Although that purchase led to a new \"artistic execution of the arms,\" to borrow Jan's words, it did not change the legal definition of the design, which is the\nblazon contained in the report approved on 20 June 1782.\nThe only substantive legislation on the COA since 1782 was an act of Congress under the current Constitution, passed on 15 September 1789, stating that \"the seal heretofore used by the United States in Congress assembled, shall be, and hereby is declared to be, the seal of the United States.\"\nThis language has twice been reenacted in slightly condensed form, but only to incorporate it in the collected Revised Statutes in the late 19th century (as RS 1793) and then, on 30 July 1947, into the modern United States Code, as 4 USC 41: \"The seal heretofore used by the United States in Congress assembled is declared to be the seal of the United States.\" Neither reenactment changed the legal description of the COA in the slightest.\nIf an official source is needed, refer to the Department of State publication, \"The Great Seal,\" a copy of which is on the department's website http://www.state.gov.\nJoe McMillan, 20 March 2000\nby Joe McMillan, 16 February 2000\nTo illustrate the variation that used to exist in representations of the U.S. COA, here is the COA from the regimental color of the senior infantry regiment of the U.S. Army, the 3rd Infantry (The Old Guard), circa 1863. The color is on display at the Old Guard Museum at Fort Myer, Virginia.\nJoe McMillan, 16 February 2000\nThe designers of the COA consciously used 7 white and 6 red stripes to avoid violating the heraldic rule against placing color on color.\nNotes by William Barton, an attorney and student of heraldry who advised Charles Thomson on the design of the COA, and who drafted the official blazon, state that \"as the pales or pallets consist of an uneven number, they ought, in strictness, to be blazoned--Argt 6 pallets Gules: but as the 13 pieces allude to the thirteen States, they are blazoned according to the Number of __pieces paleways.\" Thus the azure chief of the arms is on an argent field (color on metal). With seven red and six white stripes, it would be on a gules field (color on color).\nSource: Richard S. Patterson and Richardson Dougall, The Eagle and the Shield: A History of the Great Seal of the United States (Washington: Department of State/GPO, 1978), p. 81.\nJoe McMillan, 17 February 2000", "label": "No"}
{"text": "I have 5 short answers questions in environmental chemistry related to fracking. Can you help me doing them?1\nRemember to use a word processor to prepare your homework (handwritten\ndocuments will not be graded and will receive a zero). You are welcome to discuss\nthe questions with your instructor but not with your classmates before submitting\nthe assignment. The use of the material provided during lectures as well as internet\nresources is assumed in answering any of the questions. Please remember to\nproperly reference the sources of information employed. Turn in your assignments\nbefore the beginning of class on April 8.\n(a) List three advantages of natural gas (NG) as a source of energy.\n(b) What percentage of the electricity produced in the US is generated from NG?\n(c) What is the projected growth (%) in NG reserves in the US from the Marcellus Shale?\n(a) What is the fracking fluid used in the Marcellus Shale typically made of? What is the\nfunction of each component in the mixture?\n(b) How much water is needed for horizontal drilling?\nAre you aware of any problems or complains that have been associated to hydraulic\nfracturing? Give a detailed explanation.\nAre you aware of any alternative chemical that has been tested to substitute the use of\nwater during fracking? Explain.\nBased on the pros and cons of fracking, fundament your decision to accept or reject an\noffer of $750,000 from Chesapeake Energy Corporation to drill in your backyard to\nextract NG from shale? Consider this is the house of your dreams and you will not be", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Where's Yours? Got a smartphone or tablet?\nThere are many apps available for smartphones, the Blackberry and Android based tablets that use GPS (Global Positioning Systems) to help you track them should they become lost or stolen. Some of these apps are free, others are not and some may be available as part of a package of other functions.\nWhich one you choose is up to you but you should research any apps you have concerns about before downloading them.\nTo safeguard your phone or tablet you should:\n- Read the app's reviews. The reviews posted in the Android Market can sometimes be inconclusive or misleading. However, recent structured complaints about misconduct should be a clear warning.\nCheck the apps permissions. If an Android app wants to do anything more involved than responding to your direct input, even just going online, it must seek authority in a \"permission's list\" shown before you download it. Ensure you examine the permissions.\nRequests for access to the phone's storage and internet connection should be fine assuming the app stores data and displays online information or adverts. But if an app requests activity that has no clear link to it’s function, be cautious.\nIn particular, beware of requests relating to access to your contacts list, calendar or browsing history, monitoring or placing of phone calls or sending text messages.\n- When in doubt, search. If an app's reviews are inconclusive and its permissions raise concerns, try doing a simple Web search linking the app’s name and eg malware?.\n- Install Anti Virus Software. Make sure that you keep this software up to date to stop newly developed threats affecting your phone or computer.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Why I Cant Withdraw My Crypto Into Cash – What is Cryptocurrency? Put simply, Cryptocurrency is digital money that can be used in place of traditional currency. Basically, the word Cryptocurrency originates from the Greek word Crypto which implies coin and Currency. In essence, Cryptocurrency is just as old as Blockchains. The difference between Cryptocurrency and Blockchains is that there is no centralization or journal system in place. In essence, Cryptocurrency is an open source protocol based upon peer-to Peer deal technologies that can be carried out on a distributed computer network.\nOne specific way in which the Ethereum Project is trying to resolve the issue of smart agreements is through the Foundation. The Ethereum Foundation was developed with the goal of establishing software application options around wise agreement functionality. The Foundation has released its open source libraries under an open license.\nFor beginners, the significant difference between the Bitcoin Project and the Ethereum Project is that the previous does not have a governing board and therefore is open to contributors from all walks of life. The Ethereum Project takes pleasure in a much more regulated environment.\nAs for the projects underlying the Ethereum Platform, they are both making every effort to supply users with a brand-new method to take part in the decentralized exchange. The significant distinctions between the two are that the Bitcoin procedure does not utilize the Proof Of Consensus (POC) procedure that the Ethereum Project uses. In addition, there will be a hard work to incorporate the newest Byzantium upgrade that will increase the scalability of the network. These 2 differences might show to be barriers to entry for prospective entrepreneurs, however they do represent crucial distinctions.\nOn the one hand, the Bitcoin community has actually had some battles with its attempts to scale its network. On the other hand, the Ethereum Project has actually taken an aggressive technique to scale the network while likewise tackling scalability problems. As an outcome, the two projects are aiming to provide different methods of case. In contrast to the Satoshi Roundtable, which concentrated on increasing the block size, the Ethereum Project will have the ability to implement improvements to the UTX procedure that increase transaction speed and reduction costs. In contrast to the Bitcoin Project ‘s plan to increase the overall supply, the Ethereum group will be dealing with decreasing the rate of blocks mined per minute.\nThe significant difference in between the two platforms comes from the functional system that the 2 groups utilize. The decentralized element of the Linux Foundation and the Bitcoin Unlimited Association represent a traditional model of governance that puts a focus on strong community participation and the promotion of agreement. By contrast, the ethereal structure is devoted to building a system that is versatile enough to accommodate modifications and add brand-new features as the requirements of the users and the market change. This design of governance has been embraced by several dispersed application groups as a way of handling their tasks.\nThe major distinction between the 2 platforms comes from the fact that the Bitcoin neighborhood is largely self-dependent, while the Ethereum Project expects the involvement of miners to support its advancement. By contrast, the Ethereum network is open to factors who will contribute code to the Ethereum software stack, forming what is understood as “code forks “.\nAs with any other open source innovation, much controversy surrounds the relationship between the Linux Foundation and the Ethereum Project. The Facebook team is supporting the work of the Ethereum Project by supplying their own framework and producing applications that integrate with it.\nSimply put, Cryptocurrency is digital money that can be utilized in location of standard currency. Generally, the word Cryptocurrency comes from the Greek word Crypto which suggests coin and Currency. In essence, Cryptocurrency is just as old as Blockchains. The distinction in between Cryptocurrency and Blockchains is that there is no centralization or journal system in location. In essence, Cryptocurrency is an open source procedure based on peer-to Peer deal innovations that can be executed on a distributed computer network. Why I Cant Withdraw My Crypto Into Cash", "label": "No"}
{"text": "On some level, most people probably suspect that clothing sizes don’t mean very much, if only from the experience of struggling to fit into garments that should fit but don’t (or vice versa). But put your mind at ease: it is undeniably and objectively true that the sizes of different “sizes” vary dramatically. Measurements for a women’s “size 8” waist can vary by up to five inches depending on manufacturer and brand–according to a 2011 NYT investigation–and the average size of each size has been creeping up over time (presumably so as not to hide how the average American’s size has increased over that same time).\nGiven an apparently standardized system of sizing, you would think these sizes would be, well, standardized. Why aren’t they?\nBefore the factory mass production of household commodities, clothing was, for the most part, custom-made. Most people wore handmade garments (or hand-me-downs), but if you could afford it, you hired a tailor or dressmaker to clothe your family’s individual array of bodies. Because each garment was created to fit a specific person’s dimensions, clothing was linked, literally and conceptually, to the specific body of that individual. The kind of standardization required to mass produce and market factory-made clothing did not exist.\nManufacturers first figured out how to mass produce men’s clothing to meet the need for military uniforms, the millions of variously-sized but otherwise identical garments that the deep pockets of the state would gladly pay out for. But ready-to-wear clothing for women and children took longer: it was easy to churn out identical copies of the same garment, but modifying the adult male standard was more difficult. Basing garment dimensions on age (for children) and bust measurement (for women) turned out to be far from ideal. (Though a positive outcome of the quest to standardize clothing sizes was debunking the hypothesis that bust size indicated anything beyond the size of a person’s bust.) In the 1930s, clothing manufacturers estimated that a lack of standard sizing was costing them $10 million per year, and the Mail-Order Association of America–representing retailers like Sears Roebuck–was overwhelmed with returns of poorly-fitting items.\nWho could solve this problem? Would it be the producers? Or the consumers?", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Cotton textiles are cloths which are woven by hand or machine using cotton fibres and they are part of our lives now. In modern day society an average person has a collection of 50 clothes in his or her wardrobe. As a country grows economically it also increases international presence, so does the clothing styles corresponding to the global fashion. One can see young people in London and Lahore, Sweden and Sydney all tend to wear the same kind of clothing. However, different cultures have modified these originally European styles in accordance with local values and lifestyles.\nThe most important function of clothing besides covering our bodies is to serve as a signifier of social identity, including gender, and it would remain true forever. If we look at the history of cotton textiles, clothing of the 19th century made a distinctions between men’s and women’s clothing in colour, shape, fabric, and style but later these distinctions have broken down, especially when women claimed for equal rights. As we see now-a-days trousers and t-shirts are two good examples of men’s styles now worn regularly by both men and women.\nEven though research and new technologies has discovered various new kinds of fibre which can be used in weaving but cotton would stay the most dominating fibres of all due to its nature of softness and sweat absorbs quality. New textile techniques and tread of going green demand use natural products for weaving clothes and textile industry is successful in achieving this goal by blending cotton with many other fibre types available. Innovations in textiles and clothing manufacturing often appear first in the specialized sports clothing and then rapidly spread to everyday dress. Just as clothing sends signals about gender, it carries messages about situations and occasions; special formal attire of some sort will continue to be a part of fashion for the foreseeable future.\nFashion designers now-a-days spend more time on designing daily used clothes than clothing for special occasion and this trend towards casual wear dress is expected to rise. A continuing long-term fashion trend in designing casual and sports attire in the overall wardrobe of both men and women is key to the future businesses in textile industry. Tailored suits as business attire are now rapidly giving way to more casual dresses and blend of cotton with newly discovered fibres is the future.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "With a bachelor’s degree now the must-have job credential, pressure is mounting to find ways to make college more affordable.\nMost proposals to improve access for low-income students focus on tweaking the financial aid system. But what’s required instead is a complete overhaul of what we mean by “college.” It’s time for an entirely different business model, not just to get the cost down but to change fundamentally the way higher education is delivered.\n“Going to college” still typically means leaving home to spend a few years at an expensive brick-and-mortar institution and choosing from courses delivered by that institution. Perhaps going to college should be more like hiring a general contractor.\nThe core business function of the contractor-college would be assembly and quality control rather than running an institution and hiring faculty or holding classes. In this model, the college would customize for each student a package of courses and educational experiences from many suppliers. Degrees would be tailored to the student’s needs, including their home and financial situation, location and career interests. The value of the college’s brand would be in its proven ability to customize a rounded, inexpensive and high-quality degree for each student.\nWhat would a contractor model look like? Several developments in education suggest what the future may hold.\nInstead of a sharp division between high school and college, there would be overlap between the two, with students as young as, say, 15, completing college-level classes.\nCertain colleges have long accepted Advanced Placement courses for credit. And Minnesota is one of several states already offering “concurrent enrollment,” meaning students can receive both high school and college credit for the same course. This system allows students to reduce their time at college and thus reduce their expenses by continuing to live at home. Simultaneously, it smooths the transition to college-level work. At contractor-colleges, concurrent enrollment would be the norm.\nIt’s also likely that online courses would play a larger role.\nMassive open online courses, or MOOCs, are already cutting the cost of introductory course material to near zero. Now some tech companies, such as Google and Instagram, are joining with MOOCs such as Coursera and Udacity to turn online courses into micro-degrees, the equivalent of majors tailored for particular industries. Meanwhile, College for America, an online spinoff of Southern New Hampshire University that charges just $2,500 in annual tuition, is partnering with companies such as Gap, McDonald’s and Dell to design and deliver degrees for company employees. The Starbucks College Achievement Plan has signed up thousands of employees for its online partnership with Arizona State University.\nExpect such partnerships to spread, and expect contractors to play the middleman between online suppliers and students. They will cobble together one or more online industry-certified majors with a semester abroad, electives and a brief period of residence at a brick-and-mortar institution, all of which adds up to a full degree.\nContractor-colleges would also base progress on completing assignments and examinations rather than credit hours. This approach would allow students to study at the pace that’s best for them, enabling many to cut the time and cost needed to gain a degree. Western Governors University, an online nonprofit with affiliates in several states, is among the colleges already basing progress on demonstrated competence rather than the traditional hours spent in the classroom.\nThe key ingredient needed for contractor-colleges to take off is reform of accreditation. Today, accreditation applies to specific institutions, not courses. And it is no sure guarantee of quality — witness the dismal graduation rates at some accredited institutions. But formal accreditation is needed for students to have access to federal aid. Although that’s not a huge problem for a student enrolling in a low-cost online course, it’s a significant issue for a contractor-college assembling a broad range of educational experiences for modest-income students.\nThere’s reason to believe, however, that our accreditation system could soon start to change. For instance, the Obama administration recently announced a pilot program that will grant accreditation to institutions at which more than half the curriculum is provided by nonaccredited partners.\nEven better would be to imitate Britain. There, a nonprofit credentialing organization called City & Guilds operates in parallel to regular university accreditation. It credentials course curricula and arranges examinations for courses that can be taken anywhere. If the U.S. adopted a similar program, contractor-colleges could organize a degree from a menu of certified courses.\nA contractor intermediary serves clients by bringing components together from various suppliers to create a more cost-effective and customized product. For example, Google’s Android mobile operating system links a vast range of hardware and applications and permits customers to obtain phone services from multiple telecommunication companies. We need the same model in higher education to get quality choices up and costs way down.\nEditor’s note: This op-ed also appeared in the Los Angeles Times on November 6, 2015.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Heber C. Kimball\nHeber Chase Kimball (June 14, 1801 – June 22, 1868), commonly known as Heber C. Kimball, was a leader in the early Latter Day Saint movement. He served as one of the original twelve apostles in the early Mormon church, and as first counselor to Brigham Young in the presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from 1847-1868.\n|This religious leader article is a stub. You can help Wikiquote by expanding it.|\n- I have learned by experience that there is but one God that pertains to this people, and He is the God that pertains to this earth-the first man. That first man sent his own Son to redeem the world, to redeem his brethren; his life was taken, his blood shed, that our sins might be remitted. That Son called twelve men and ordained them to be Apostles, and when he departed the keys of the kingdom were deposited with three of those twelve, viz.: Peter, James, and John. Peter held the keys pertaining to that Presidency, and he was the head.\n- Journal of Discourses 4:1 (June 29, 1856)\n- We will yet save the Constitution of the United States. We will do it, as the Lord liveth, and we will save this nation, every one of them that will be saved. Brother Brigham Young and brother Joseph Smith stand at our head, and will do that thing, as the Lord liveth. Yes, we, as their children, with our children to assist us, will do it. We have got that power, and so have they, and will bear the kingdom off victoriously to every nation that is upon God's footstool; and I know it.\n- Journal of Discourses 5:213 (Sep. 6, 1856)\n- \"Do you not quarrel, brother Heber?\" says one. No, I do not. But; when a woman begins to dispute me, about nine times out of ten I get up and say, \"Go it,\" and then go off about my business; and if ever I am so foolish as to quarrel with a woman, I ought to be whipped; for you may always calculate that they will have the last word.\n- Journal of Discourses 5:277 (Sept. 27, 1857)\n- Do you believe that a dead woman can conceive from a live man and bring forth a live child? Do you believe it, any of you mothers? Do you believe it, any of you fathers? No, you know better. Well, if a woman will not produce when she is dead, then the earth cannot produce living things if it was dead. Does the earth conceive? It does, and it brings forth. If it did not, why do you go and put your wheat into the ground? Does it not conceive it? But it does not conceive except you put it there. It conceives and brings forth, and you and I live, both for food and for clothing, silks and satins. What! satin grow? Yes. What produces it? The silkworm produces it. Does the silkworm produce except it conceives? No, it eats of the mulberry tree. Where does the mulberry tree come from? It comes from the earth. Where did the earth come from? From its parent earths. Well, some of you may call that foolish philosophy. But if it is, I will throw out foolish things, that you may gather up wise things. The earth is alive. If it was not, it could not produce: If you find a piece of earth that is dead, you cannot produce anything from it, except you resurrect it and restore it to life.\n- Journal of Discourses 6:35-36 (Nov. 8, 1857)\n- And he further says that the wicked will come and say, We have prophesied in thy name, and in thy name done many mighty works. And I will add to this that many of them will have to say, We have stolen hundreds of cattle from the Mormons, and driven them from their homes, because they preached a new religion. Still the Lord will say, I know you not.\n- Journal of Discourses 9:129-130 (Jan. 6, 1861)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In comparison to the age of the traditional financial system of a centralized currency, Cryptocurrency is a relatively new concept understood properly by only a few. Thus, it naturally follows that as of now it faces numerous legal, economic and security issues. The address of these issues is key to the maintenance of the most essential element in any currency – that of trust.\nSome of these challenges are as follows\nRegulatory Framework: One of the key properties of cryptocurrencies existing today is that they are decentralized and hence have no central bank backing the value of the monetary units. As the bonus bitcoin concept is relatively new, most countries lack a legal framework to regulate the value and flow of cryptocurrencies. In this scenario, countries like Russia and Bangladesh have declared certain cryptocurrencies as illegal.\nVolatility: Currently, most of the trading of cryptocurrencies in the market is based on speculation rather than merit. This makes cryptocurrencies highly volatile, driving away investors void of a high-risk appetite, and at the same time, promoting cryptocurrencies as a virtual asset rather than a currency.\nIllegal Activities: Since cryptocurrencies work on blockchain technology, all transactions are pseudo-anonymous and as such untraceable. This leads to its usage for various unethical and illegal purposes, including tax evasion and money laundering.\nCryptocurrencies have also, since their launch, become the standard of payments on the dark web. Bitcoin has been coded to have only a limited supply, and the creation of bitcoins is expected to come to an end by 2140.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "2 Allred Names Carved on Independence Rock\nStory and description written by Alice Allred Pottmyer originally published in AFO Newsletter #68 Fall 2006\nPhotos below contributed by Gary D. Allred who wrote: \"When the Allred's came west, many stopped at Independence Rock and carved their names on the rock. Then to make money they would carve others names in the rock. I visited the site in 2009 and found my 2nd Great Grandfather's name carved in the rock and took these pictures.\"\nReuben Warren Allred lineage: Reuben, James, William, Thomas, Solomon born 1680 Lancashire, England\nReuben Warren Allred, etched the following into the southeast side of the Rock in 1849:\nA Taylor Co.\nSept 10, 49\nReuben Warren Allred was a son of James and Elizabeth Allred. He was born in Bedford County, Tennessee, in 1815.\nIndependence Rock was called “The Register of the Desert” for the pioneers following the Oregon/California/Mormon Trails. Later the Pony Express Trail went by the Rock. It was named Independence Rock because if the pioneers arrived at Independence Rock by\nJuly 4, they could reach Oregon, California or Utah before the heavy snows and thus avoid the fate of the Donner Party.\nIndependence Rock is on Hwy. 220, 48 miles southwest from Casper, Wyoming. Devil’s Gate and Martin’s Cove are about five miles away. The north side of the Rock is today a Wyoming state rest stop. There is adequate parking and water available. There are interpretative signs about the Rock as well as area wildlife. Gates permit people to walk around the Rock and see the names etched along the south side.\nThe book, Historic Inscriptions on Western Emigrant Trails, is authored by Randy Brown. It was published by the Oregon California Trails Association, Independence, Missouri. No other Allred names were listed. Also, there were no Ivie or Sanders names listed. Descendants of both Sarah Allred Ivie and Mary Allred Sanders also travelled West.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Computer image showing what the probe may have looked like when landing on the comet.\nClick on image for full size\nCourtesy of NASA\nComet Probe Mission is Scrapped\nNews story originally written on June 30, 1999\nNASA cut its newest project, which would have sent a probe to a comet. Sometime in 2005, the comet may have landed on comet Tempel 1. Now, there is no more money to continue the mission.\nNASA spent a lot of the money on the new Chandra-X Space Telescope and the Hubble Telescope. They both needed extra money to fix problems. The left over money will be given to different projects.\nThe probe should have studied the core of the comet. Scientists were hoping to study the makeup of these weird objects. We could have learned how to better protect our planet from a possible collision.\nShop Windows to the Universe Science Store!\nOur online store\nincludes issues of NESTA's quarterly journal, The Earth Scientist\n, full of classroom activities on different topics in Earth and space science, as well as books\non science education!\nYou might also be interested in:\nIt was another exciting and frustrating year for the space science program. It seemed that every step forward led to one backwards. Either way, NASA led the way to a great century of discovery. Unfortunately,...more\nThe Space Shuttle Discovery lifted off from Kennedy Space Center on October 29th at 2:19 p.m. EST. The sky was clear and the weather was great. This was the America's 123rd manned space mission. A huge...more\nScientists found a satellite orbiting the asteroid, Eugenia. This is the second one ever! A special telescope allows scientists to look through Earth's atmosphere. The first satellite found was Dactyl....more\nThe United States wants Russia to put the service module in orbit! The module is part of the International Space Station. It was supposed to be in space over 2 years ago. Russia just sent supplies to the...more\nA coronal mass ejection (CME) happened on the Sun last month. The material that was thrown out from this explosion passed the ACE spacecraft. ACE measured some exciting things as the CME material passed...more\nTrees and plants are a very important part of this Earth. Trees and plants are nature's air conditioning because they help keep our Earth cool. On a summer day, walking bare-foot on the sidewalk burns,...more\nThere is something special happening in the night sky. Through mid-May, you will be able to see five planets at the same time! This doesn't happen very often, so you won't want to miss this. Use the links...more", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The following is a guest post by our good friend Julio Covarrubias.\n(You can find Alfonso Reyes’s “Cartilla Moral” referred to below here: https://regeneracion.mx/cartilla-moral-alfonso-reyes/)\nSpectres of Vasconcelos… in AMLO’s “Cuarta Transformacion”?\nAs a part of AMLO’s recently unveiled education and anti-illiteracy campaign, his administration is reprinting and distributing copies of Alfonso Reyes’ “Cartilla Moral,” a pamphlet Reyes wrote as a kind of “layman’s guide” to ethics in 1944. It had been commissioned by then Secretary of Public Education, Jaime Torres Bodet for an anti-illiteracy campaign of that era. The purpose of the Cartilla was to promote principles for a kind of public morality, to create a new kind of citizen.\nNow, imagine a world where the US government distributes a pamphlet on moral philosophy to the masses. Unheard of!\nBut what interested me about AMLO’s discourse on the literacy campaign was his philosophical justification for including the Cartilla as a part of it. His justification is essentially that there is a need to ward off the ideology of materialist individualism, where accumulation of material goods and self-interested behavior are seen as the good. He argues that there are higher goods required to live a fully human life and that distributing the Cartilla is necessary to start a public reflection/discussion on the ethical principles and values that should govern Mexican society.\nThis interested me because these are the same kind of grounds that Jose Vasconcelos used to justify his stance on education, especially as pitted against John Dewey’s pedagogical views (or what Vasconcelos would have regarded as the “Anglo model” of education). Vasconcelos served as Minister of Education in the post-Revolutionary government. Of Vasconcelos’s work during this period, Octavio Paz has written that:\nHis work was brief but fecund, and the essence of it is still alive. In part he carried out the task begun by Justo Sierra, which was to extend elementary education and to improve the quality of instruction on the higher levels, but he also tried to base education on certain principles that were implicit in our tradition but had been forgotten or ignored by the positivists. Vasconcelos believed that the Revolution was going to rediscover the meaning of our history, which Sierra had sought in vain. The new education was to be founded on “our blood, our language and our people.”\n“If the Revolution was a search and an immersion of ourselves in our own being,” Paz said, “no one embodied this fertile, desperate desire better than José Vasconcelos, the founder of modern education in Mexico.”\nBy contrast to this, Dewey is seen as having believed that the scientific method had displaced classical education (i.e., reading the “Great Books”), and that this called for a change in education that was—Gregory Pappas will correct me if I am wrong—more student-centered, learning-by-doing type stuff. The main point of contention for Vasconcelos, though, was that the political end of education should be merely to prepare individuals to be useful citizens in a democracy, not to train them into a particular world-view.\nAccording to Jose Antonio Aguilar Rivera, although Vasconcelos was, at first, pleased with the growing influence of Dewey’s philosophy in Mexican education, he came to vehemently oppose it. As Octavio Paz puts it, Vasconcelos understood the concept of education as entailing already “an image of the world and a program for living.” “School,” said Vasconcelos, “should be a summary of the general experience of humanity.” And, for Vasconcelos, the most important lesson of the human experience, the main purpose of an education, was to introduce the child to a world that escaped the “brutish necessity” of the natural world and that “develops according to the rules of morality or art,” that is, the world of the higher goods of an intellectual, moral, and aesthetic nature (the “spiritual”). Such a program, Paz points out, must naturally turn to tradition. And for Mexico this would mean looking to its Spanish and indigenous roots, not to the Anglo-Saxons, who, on Vasconcelos’s reading of world-history, were always enemies of the “Latins.”\nVasconcelos perceived, correctly in my view, that Dewey’s ideas (or, at least, the ideal of education we are here attributing to Dewey), were attempting to be neutral with respect to what, in contemporary philosophical parlance, we would call “a comprehensive view of the good,” or a world-view attached to a particular form of life. But Vasconcelos’s point is that this is a false neutrality, since Dewey’s view is already informed by a comprehensive view of the good. For Vasconcelos, “pragmatic pedagogy” is just Protestantism being brought to bear on pedagogy. In fact, Dewey’s pedagogy embodied Anglo-Saxon values that for Vasconcelos were inimical to the aims and values of Mexico, Latin America, and even to civilizationas a whole.\nIn regard to the first claim, Vasconcelos believed that one of the worst things the porfiriato did to Mexicans was, in fact, to submit them and to try to impose on them the Anglo-Saxon values written into the official state ideology: Herbert Spencer’s positivism. As he wrote in La raza cosmica,\nWe have been educated under the humiliating influence of a philosophy conceived by our enemies… with the purpose of exalting their own goals and annulling ours. In this manner, even wehave come to believe in the inferiority of the mestizo, in the unredemption of the Indian, in the damnation and the irreparable decadence of the Black… If we do not liberate the spirit, we shall never be able to redeem matter. \nBut, Vasconcelos thought, these Anglo values are a danger to all civilization. “The nineteenth century,” he wrote, “with its emphasis on practical science, made war on the literati… Later, it became evident that a society without literati was simply barbaric.” (He was referring here, presumably, to the science-worship of the positivist period.) But for Vasconcelos, as Aguilar Rivera notes, the new barbarians—the Anglos del norte—“were even more dangerous than the old ones, because they had at their disposal the means of destruction and the power of modern technology… They were, simply put, a ‘threat to the spirit.’”\nRobinson y odiseo, the book where Vasconcelos lays into to Dewey and the Anglo-Saxon education, was published in 1935, although it obviously owes a lot to Rodo’s Ariel. It’s been 84 years, but, man, doesn’t this almost sound like a critique of our modern day educational system? As Vasconcelos puts it in Robinson,\nAl criterio pragmático se dice ante la cosa: ¿como puedo aprovecharla? Una civilización cabal no puede acallar en los labios del niño a otra pregunta vieja que adquiere: ¿cual es el ser de la cosa?\n(“…the pragmatic criteria asks before the object: of what use is the thing? But the excellent civilization cannot silence in the mouth of the child a much older question: what is the nature of the thing?”)\nWith the shuttering of philosophy departments and cuts to humanities programs of recent times, isn’t this “civilization” (I won’t call it “our”) doing exactly this?\nOf course, a nosy liberal will say, we might have reason not to think the state has any business creating specific types of human beings, or setting morality in any substantive way. Vasconcelos’s own positive educational project, of course, while achieving everything Paz describes, we still would now regard as ethnocentrist/racist. As Minister of Education, Vasconcelos set himself the task of instilling the people with what he regarded as the foundational elements of Western culture—Spanish/“Latin” being the more lofty, and therefore superior, inheritor to that culture, over what he regarded as a vulgar Anglosaxonism.\nMy worry isn’t that he was ethnocentric against the Anglos, though. Instead, I mean that this project was essentially about Westernizing/Hispanicizing the mestizo and Indigenous peoples of Mexico. To accomplish this, Vasconcelos, contra Dewey, saw the teaching of the classics as essential, and he set himself the explicit goal “to have the highest works brought to the humblest hands, and thereby achieve the spiritual regeneration that must precede all regeneration.” Once accomplished, he thought this would provide the Mexican people with the historical orientation necessary to come to terms with the great purpose that their Ibero-American legacy had imparted on them…. Cue the thesis of the The Cosmic Race: to bring about the coming of the new American man who would resolve all racial conflicts and the opposition between East and West.\nI have read somewhere that so many youths were inspired by Vasconcelos’ anti-illiteracy campaigns that, with the zeal of missionaries, many shipped off to rural schools to teach, and that, in public places, one could find university students standing on chairs and soapboxes reciting poetry and reading literature, so that the masses could at least in this way have access to them. Something about this seems moving. Characterized one way, a sympathetic interpreter will admit that, while doing violence to Indigenous knowledge systems and ways of life, these efforts simultaneously were important in providing a basic education that all the non-literate could use to better their social position, or to secure their interests in interactions with state authorities. From another perspective, though, we could see the student reciting Shakespearean sonnets in a public square to bemused onlookers as, essentially, trying to shout into existence a Mexico that would have required many of the onlookers to disappear…\nI am not sure yet about the details of Obrador’s literacy campaigns. And surely there is something to Vasconcelos’s piece that, even the thought that the state doesn’t have any business creating specific types of human beings, is itself rooted in some comprehensive view of the good (Rawlsians don’t @ me). Either way, I’d hope his project isn’t as thoroughly Vasconcelista as all this.\nCheck out the story at el Universal: https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/mochilazo-en-el-tiempo/la-cartilla-moral-que-amlo-desempolvo.\nI am getting most of this information from José Antonio Aguilar Rivera, The Shadow of Ulysses: Public Intellectual Exchange Across the U.S.- Mexico Border, Trans.Rose Hocker and Emiliano Corral (Boston: Lexington Books, 2000):\n Octavio Paz, Labyrinth of Solitude, 152.\nVasconcelos qtd. in Aguilar Rivera 20-1.\nWho cares. (Ok its Rawls)\nYou know this book.\nAguilar Rivera, 16.\nRobinson y Odiseo, 37. My trans.\nOf course, Vasconcelos’s list of “Great Books” was very non-traditional, including books like Bernal Díaz del Castillo’s True History of the Conquest of Mexico, and Hernan Cortes’Letters From Mexico. (Aguilar Rivera 33 fn. 63). But, even though he elsewhere emphasized the need to trace Latin American patriotism to both the Hispanic and indigenous traditions, he clearly intended the latter to be absorbed into a kind of cultural scaffold he envisioned was provided by the former.\nVasconcelos qtd. in Aguilar Rivera 15.\nThis dovetails with what I have argued in presentations here and there—and some of this is in the upcoming publication of the Prize Essay on Latin American thought—that mestizajewas part of the logic of elimination characteristic of settler societies, since what we are talking about here is basically a project that sought to complete the colonial mission of erasing Indigenous peoples.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The land here is not too good for lumber, or raw materials, so that is where the trading comes in. William Penn received a grant, which the King called Pennsylvania. In addition, a variety of religions such as the Presbyterians, Quakers, Mennonites, Dutch Calvinists and Lutherans were also prominent in the region. In 1668 granted the Carolina charter to eight Lords Proprietor. The diverse population of the Mid-Atlantic colonies made any close cooperation very difficult. The New Netherland settlement along the Hudson River in New York and New Jersey, and for a time New Sweden along the Delaware River in Delaware, divided the two great bulwarks of English settlement from each other.\nWithout the fertile farmlands to raise livestock and grow grain, the colonial region wouldn't specialize in many things. Therefore, the southern United States and Virginia, in particular, were expected to be similar in climate to Southern Spain. You can also be outdoors a lot. Indigo was mainly cultivated in South Carolina beginning in 1739, due to the efforts of Pickney, and became one of the biggest cash crops of the colony up until the end of the war. That is how you get your groceries. .\nSome decisions were still made at town level although most were made at county level. Historical Background Who, how, and why the colonies were settled made a big difference in the lifestyles amongst the three different regions. A typical farm was 50 to 150 acres consisting of a house, barn, yard, and fields. Up north, the winters were much too harsh to grow these grains. A predominant feature of the region is the. Because of this, colonists and Virginia Company initially tried to cultivate such plants as mulberry trees and orange trees, which were not sustainable.\nThere are threee types of resources: natural, human, and capital. If no Appalachian Mountains and coastal lowlands were present, there would probably be fewer ranges of rich farmlands. The climate was much colder back then than it is now. That is also a factor that affected what goods people in New England would trade. Some of the natural resources include the rich, fertle farmlands and rivers that fill the region. Farming consisted of fairly large farms that used slaves and indentured servants as workers. Bad soils and rocky hills made colonists buy most of their grains.\nThis region had humid summers and temperate winters which are prime conditions for agriculture. Assessment Corroborating Questions will be from the culminating part of this activity. British colonies These colonies provided fish, whale products, and. The land was also much cheaper than in Europe, which encouraged new arrivals that contributed to the diversity of the area. The geography and climate of the area had a significant impact on the economy and survival of the colonies. For natural resources, there are rich, fertile farmlands and rivers.\nThe Middle colonies are often called the breadbasket colonies because they grew so many crops, especially wheat. In 1664, England sought control of a Dutch colony called New Netherland, which had been founded in 1624 as a trading post for fur. Winter and early Spring is dry while humidity builds through the summer till fall. With the introduction of African slaves in 1619, plantations began to arise that could meet the demand in Europe. They provided grants of land and religious freedom in the colony. Later, in 1680 the king gave William Penn, a Quaker and large landowner in Ireland, 45,000 square miles of land west of the Delaware area.\nTheir climate helped them become the 'breadbasket' of. Usually they were printers, tailors, or carpenters. Women also began to take a role in the economy. If you want to become a farmer in this region, the moderate climate and winters will help you identify when it is time for harvesting. The moderate climate and mild winters can affect the livestock and grain this region specializes in. The Middle colonies, the middle region of the 13 colonies, were the states of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware.\nSlaves worked on farms, onboard ships, in the shipbuilding industry, or lived in cities as skilled laborers. They could find general work such as helping load or unload ships or being house servants. In order for the colonies to receive the products it can't produce, people need to trade. It may seem insignificant, but then the Mid-Atlantic Colonies wouldn't have many items to trade for. The same city was the birthplace of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the U. The average growing season varies from 170 to 200 days.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What does To The Victor Go The Spoils mean?\nTo the victor go the spoils (or to the victor belong the spoils) is a proverbial expression, meaning that the winner of a contest not just wins the subject of the contest, but receives all additional benefits as well.\nThe expression can be used in all situations where a race, conflict or competition is involved.\nFor instance, if a sports team wins a high-level competition, we can say to the victor go the spoils, because the team will surely receive all financial bonuses atop of the title win.\nWhat's the origin of To The Victor Go The Spoils?\nHistorical literature shows that “spolia optima” (“very best spoils” in Latin) was a commonly used term in Roman times.\nIt referred to victorious commanders, who would receive the defeated officers’ goods and riches.\nThe actual origin of the expression, however, comes from American politics from the 19th century.\nIt was a reference to the spoils system, which was a political agenda that was situated around cronyism and nepotism.\nSpread & Usage\nHow did To The Victor Go The Spoils spread?\nThe first known user of to the victor go the spoils was William L. Marcy, a New York senator, who uttered the expression in 1828.\nThe proverb then became increasingly popular in politics, featuring in numerous speeches and caricatures alike.\nIt is also sometimes featured in TV and cinema. For example, the term appeared in the TV series The Sopranos, uttered by Tony Soprano during the second episode of Season 2.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Would you like to eat this famous dish?\nThe dishes of every region and every country around the world are quite different from each other and today we will tell you about a unique dish of Britain.\nToday we are going to tell you about the famous ‘Stargizay Pie’ in Britain in which you can see half the heads of fish coming out.\nEngland is famous for its variety of pies, apple pies, pot pies and other pies.\nBut the foot we’re going to tell you about today has a sardine fish’s head and tail sticking out.\nIn the 16th century, when people in a village in England had nothing to eat during the severe winter, a local man saved everyone’s life. Tom Baukok, a local fisherman, landed his boat in the cold and stormy weather and hunted a variety of marine life to create a large foot that made the fish’s head visible so that people thought it was a fish. available.\nNow every year on December 23 this day is celebrated in the memory of this fisherman and on this day a pie is made from which the heads of the fish are seen sticking out.\nThis day is celebrated every year under the name ‘Tom Baukok Eve’.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Untold Story of the Fight for Equality in the RCMPBook - 2015\nWhen thirty-two women were hired as mounted police officers in 1974, it was a media sensation. After all, these were not the brawny heroes of Canadian history, or the dashing and handsome Mounties portrayed in over two hundred Hollywood movies. Women were thought to be afraid of guns and incapable of protecting themselves. Training officers at the RCMP's academy wondered if the women were capable. Could they march? Could they lift weights? Would they cry? The original uniform (pumps, a pillbox hat and a shoulder bag for a revolver and handcuffs) did little to further equality, and if a female officer complained of harassment, supervisors actively and openly pushed her to resign. The move to put women in uniform was neither a beginning nor an end to women's journey toward equality in the RCMP. Women have served in the RCMP since 1873, providing social services, searching female gold smugglers and tending to prisoners. For decades, Mountie wives were scrutinized, vetted and subjectto regular inspections of their housekeeping. A Mountie's wife must be a silent worker, always upholding the values of the RCMP. Although the RCMP promoted itself as a gender-neutral organization in 1974, the fight for recognition was about to become heated. In 1978, after a female Mountie was shot in the line of duty for the first time, male Mounties questioned the ability of women to make split-second, life-and-death decisions. Despite overwhelming resistance, the women of the RCMP managed toassert their equality as police officers on their own terms, breaking ground for women's rights in Canada. Drawing on first-hand accounts from forty-five male and female RCMP officers, news reports and archival resources, historian and former plainclothes RCMP officer Bonnie Reilly Schmidt offers an in-depth look into the history and propaganda of this iconic institution. SILENCED is the compelling true story of how women transformed not only their role in the RCMP, but our very notion of whatit means to be Canadian.\nPublisher: Halfmoon Bay, British Columbia : Caitlin Press, ©2015.\nCharacteristics: 264 pages ;,23 cm.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "By Bernard Yack\nBy exhibiting how Aristotelian principles offers new perception into our personal political lifestyles, Yack makes a important contribution to modern discourse and debate. His paintings will excite curiosity between quite a lot of social, ethical, and political theorists.\nRead Online or Download The Problems of a Political Animal: Community, Justice, and Conflict in Aristotelian Political Thought PDF\nBest History Theory books\nWhilst Patrick Buchanan took the degree on the Republican nationwide conference in 1992 and proclaimed, “There is a spiritual conflict happening for the soul of our country,” his viewers knew what he used to be conversing approximately: the tradition wars, which had raged during the prior decade and may proceed until eventually the century’s finish, pitting conservative and non secular americans opposed to their liberal, secular fellow electorate.\nConfronting the various significant theoretical concerns at stake in diplomacy, this quantity makes an attempt to explain and clarify the large function that multilateral co-operation can play in aiding to stabilize the form of the present foreign order.\nHow do states distinguish buddies from enemies, companions from rivals, and groups from outsiders? neighborhood below Anarchy exhibits how the improvement of universal social identities between political elites may end up in deeper, extra cohesive types of cooperation than what has been formerly expected through conventional theories of diplomacy.\nThe cave in of communism and the adoption of parliamentary democracy resulted in swift and dramatic academic switch in nations previously below the regulate of the Soviet Union. Leaders of the affected nations stated the necessity to strengthen academic structures throughout the rebuilding procedure and embraced this change in a brief time period.\nAdditional info for The Problems of a Political Animal: Community, Justice, and Conflict in Aristotelian Political Thought", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Sokikom is an award-winning developer of math social learning games designed to motivate elementary school students in grades 1 through 6. Founder and CEO Snehal Patel got the idea for Sokikom when he was a math tutor and become aware of how many students weren’t excited about and engaged in learning math. Snehal saw that these kids were missing out on building the foundation in math skills that they were going to need to succeed in high school, college and beyond. He also saw that math games – especially those that were social – got these same kids excited about and engaged in learning math. “This made me think,” he says, “How many other students in the U.S. face this same problem, and how can we use online technology to address it?” That was the genesis of Sokikom – a highly engaging online math game with community and team-play elements.\nVictor: What does the name “Sokikom” mean?\nSnehal: The name Sokikom is a mix of some math geekiness and a portmanteau – a blend of the parts from two words – social and communal. Both of these words are joined by two k’s, which when backed against one another look similar to the mathematical symbol for a natural join. So, Sokikom means joining social and community to improve learning.\nVictor: How do you pronounce “Sokikom”?\nSnehal: Sokikom is pronounced as so-kee-kom.\nVictor: What products does Sokikom offer?\nSnehal: Sokikom currently includes three online math social learning games: Frachine, which focuses on fractions, decimals and percents; Opirate, which emphasizes mathematic operations and algebra; and Treeching, which concentrates on the principles of measurement, algebra, patterns, time and money. We are currently developing our fourth game, which will concentrate on geometry, for release in summer 2011.\nVictor: What are the benefits of Sokikom math games to schools, districts, states?\nSnehal: One of the biggest challenges – if not the biggest – in early math education is engaging students. Sokikom offers educators the ability to motivate students in an exciting math social learning game, where students experience intense engagement. Teachers tell us it is unlike anything they have ever seen before. Sokikom also provides students with adaptive learning personalized to their needs. We know implementing education technology can be challenging. That’s why Sokikom was designed to be fully web-based so it’s easy to deploy, manage and integrate in school settings.\nLastly, Sokikom leads to real learning improvements, as our U.S. Department of Education-funded research studies reveal.\nVictor: How are the Sokikom math games unique from other similar products/services? What companies do you see as in the same market?\nSnehal: Sokikom is unique because it is the first fully web-based math learning game for all the elementary grades that is massively multiplayer online. This means that not only can two, three or four kids play the same game at once, but over 30 kids can play the same game in real time. And, hundreds of these games can be played at once. This results in social learning, where kids help kids learn math in a way never seen before in education.\nThere are other companies offering students ways to learn and practice math skills online in a game-like setting. But, frankly, no other company is offering an online math game in a social learning environment like Sokikom.\nVictor: What impact can the Sokikom math games have on student achievement?\nSnehal: Our games are having a truly positive impact! As our research studies – funded by the U.S. Department of Education – have shown, Sokikom leads to measurable progress in both test scores and student motivation to learn math. For example, a school in Arizona saw a 15 percent increase in math scores after just 2 ½ hours of game-play. That’s huge! More information about our research can be found at http://www.sokikom.com/results/.\nVictor: When were the Sokikom math games developed? What’s something interesting or relevant about their development history?\nSnehal: We began designing the games in 2008 and continue to refine our existing games and develop new ones. Something not many people know about our development process is we have conducted more than 100 user-testing sessions, with individual students and entire classrooms, to inform the development of our game. These tests were designed to find the best ways to improve student motivation and achievement with Sokikom.\nVictor: Where did the Sokikom math games originate? Where can you get them now?\nSnehal: The idea behind Sokikom originated when I was tutoring kids after school, and the games were developed in Chandler, Ariz., where our company is based.\nParents, educators and students can sign up for our free, unlimited-use basic account. Or, they can upgrade to our premium version directly from our website at www.sokikom.com.\nVictor: How much do the Sokikom math games cost? What are the options?\nSnehal: We have a 100 percent free, unlimited-use, basic version for parents, educators and students. We also have premium versions for educators and parents. Educators can purchase an annual subscription to our premium version for $20 per student. Parents can purchase a six-month subscription to our premium version for $49 per student, or they can purchase a month-to-month subscription for $11.95 per student. All premium accounts give unlimited use to all of Sokikom’s math games and extra content. In addition, the premium versions provide extra incentives and rewards for students.\nVictor: Are the Sokikom math games a school or home product?\nSnehal: Both! Our games are designed to positively impact learning both in and out of the classroom.\nSnehal: Sokikom is currently being used in more than 100 elementary schools in the U.S. and growing rapidly. You can see examples of Sokikom’s math social learning game in action by watching the amazing video on our homepage: https://www.sokikom.com/. None of this footage was scripted – it was captured as students played Sokikom in the classroom with their peers. And there are now some print success stories describing this experience on our website as well.\nVictor: Who are the Sokikom math games for, and who are they not for?\nSnehal: Sokikom is designed to improve math learning for the foundational skills of students in grades 1 through 6. Since Sokikom is skill-based, even older or younger students can use it. Sokikom is not for students seeking specific help learning advanced math topics such as those taught in advanced high school or college mathematics.\nVictor: How do the Sokikom math games affect student engagement in learning math?\nSnehal: Students who may not have had success or interest in learning math in the past get excited when it is presented to them in a social learning game environment. Gifted students are compelled by the safe, competitive aspects and recognition they receive within the player community.\nSokikom combines the engagement of game play with what’s inherently interesting about mathematics. Our proprietary technology for guided instruction – and student-to-student tutoring – makes learning more effective in the classroom and at home. We call this unique approach Massively Multiplayer Online Social Learning Games.\nVictor: Are the Sokikom math games aligned to the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics?\nSnehal: Yes. We are also rooted in the nationally recognized standards of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Curriculum Focal Points for Grades PreK-6.\nVictor: What is your view of the impact of technology on math instruction?\nSnehal: I believe technology plays a critical role in the improvement of math instruction. It provides a higher level of engagement, creativity and personalization than a traditional textbook. It also allows us as educators to quickly determine what works and what doesn’t for a particular student.\nVictor: What are some of your thoughts on education these days?\nSnehal: I think we may be facing the biggest education challenge in our history. This is mainly due to the rate of technological advancement of our civilization. It can be argued that human civilization has advanced more so in the past 50 years than in any other 50-year period in history – just think about what the world looked like 50 years ago. Most of these advancements have been technology-related, which is largely based on mathematics, problem-solving and critical thinking. These skills are essential, not only to continued innovation, but also to thriving in this technology-enabled world.\nVictor: What formative experiences in your own education helped to inform your approach to creating the Sokikom math games?\nSnehal: My family moved a lot when I was young. From kindergarten to sixth grade, I moved to five different schools in various states across the country. Back then, I didn’t like all the moving. But now, I’m thankful because it gave me the opportunity to learn in different states, schools, classrooms and with different teachers. This was also when I began to realize that many of my peers struggled in math – as did some of my elementary school teachers.\nVictor: How do the Sokikom math games address some of your concerns about education?\nSnehal: When I was young, I saw firsthand that my peers had trouble understanding math, and they quickly found it boring and lost interest. Sokikom motivates students to learn math and allows them to work with their peers to improve their knowledge as well as teach other students.\nVictor: What else would you tell educators or leaders in education about the value of Sokikom math games?\nSnehal: I think one of the biggest concerns with games of any type is their educational merit. Conventional wisdom has always told us games are meant to be for fun or entertainment, not for serious learning. Our research dispels this notion by providing sound evidence that games can improve both learning outcomes and student motivation to learn.\nVictor: What is your outlook on the future of education?\nSnehal: I’m optimistic! As much as I believe in Sokikom, it would be silly for me to think it is the one solution to all our education problems. It is not. But what Sokikom can do is play a critical role in the acceleration of student achievement in mathematics. I see Sokikom and other valuable technology tools as essential contributors to educational improvement and the evolution of the role of a teacher from a monolithic instructor to more of a coach. As our research shows, with Sokikom, students become more excited about learning, increase their test scores and build a firm foundation in math skills.\nVictor Rivero tells the story of 21st-century education transformation. He is the editor-in-chief of EdTech Digest, a magazine about education transformed through technology. He has written white papers, articles and features for schools, nonprofits and companies in the education marketplace. Write to: victor@VictorRivero.com", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, conservative Lutheran church in the United States, organized in Chicago in 1847 by German immigrants from Saxony (settled in Missouri) and Bavaria (settled in Michigan and Indiana) as the German Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Ohio, and Other States. C.F.W. Walther, a seminary professor and pastor ordained in Germany, was president of the church from 1847 to 1850 and from 1864 to 1878. The church grew rapidly through an active educational and evangelistic program, by absorbing entire congregations and synods, and by meeting newly arrived German immigrants in port cities to guide them into its congregations. “German” was dropped from the name in 1917, and in 1947 the present name was adopted.\nThe Missouri Synod has often been at odds with other Lutheran groups because of its insistence on strict conformity with its interpretation of “pure doctrine” based on the Bible and the Lutheran confessions. Until the 1960s it refused association and cooperation with all groups that it considered doctrinally in error. In 1872 it formed a loose federation (the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference) with several small conservative Lutheran groups. In 1967, however, the conference dissolved when the Missouri Synod joined with the American Lutheran Church, the Lutheran Church in America, and the Synod of Evangelical Lutheran Churches (which in 1971 became part of the Missouri Synod) to form the Lutheran Council in the United States of America (LCUSA), a cooperative agency; the Missouri Synod, however, subsequently withdrew.\nIn the late 1960s and early ’70s the Missouri Synod experienced internal strife that led to an exodus of faculty and students from Concordia Seminary in St. Louis, Mo., in 1974 and the formation two years later of the Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches by 100,000 Missouri Synod dissidents. At issue in the dispute were congregational autonomy versus synodical authority and the nature of the church’s mission. The Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches also ordained women, while the Missouri Synod did not. In 1982 the new group voted to join with two other Lutheran bodies to begin planning the formation of what became in 1988 the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA).\nThe Missouri Synod is governed through a biennial general convention and several elected officers, including a president. Congregations are grouped in geographical districts. The church supports an extensive educational system that includes parochial schools, colleges, and seminaries. In 2005 the group reported about 2.4 million members and 6,144 congregations. Headquarters are in St. Louis, Mo.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Crystal Smallwood, in her 32nd year in education, is utilizing technology in creative ways as the librarian at Jenkins Independent to promote learning for students who may not have Internet access at home.\nCrystal credits her parents, who were both avid readers, to pursue a career as a librarian. “My parents shared that love of reading with me. All I ever really wanted to do is work in a school library, stay up-to-date with the most current literature and share the love of reading to my students.”\nShe began her career as the school media librarian at Dorton Elementary in Pike County where she worked for 27 years. This is her fourth year as the librarian at Jenkins Independent. She spent one year working as an environmental education teacher for the PRIDE Program in Pike County.\nCrystal used an “Innovation Grant” $1,000 award she earned through her proposal to the Kentucky Valley Educational Cooperative (KVEC) to purchase “Play-a-ways” for students who would like to take a story (an audible eBook) home with them.\nCrystal explains the need for the proposal, “Jenkins Middle High is a 1:1 school meaning each student has access to a digital device. Every child has their own personal chrome book. Every teacher has both a personal classroom device and a mobile laptop. All teachers have interactive whiteboards. In addition to these chrome books, many classrooms also have sets of learn pads and IPads.\n“Even though every child has access to their own chrome book, at the end of the day- those devices must be left at school. Because we have some students without internet access at home, they are not able to use our eBook library after school hours. This means that other students who do have internet access have an advantage over the others. Students with home internet access have more opportunity to reach their Accelerated Reader Goals because they have access to more audible, interactive books via our school eBook library. This is why I decided to write a project proposal for an innovative grant titled, “Put a Story in Your Pocket.”\nStudents can check out a play-a-way just like they can check out a print library book. Crystal adds. “A Play-a-way is a small box with an mp3 recording of an audible book housed inside. They just put the device in their pocket, plug in their earbuds and listen away. I am very grateful for the opportunity to use innovative grant funds to level the playing field for my students.”\nCrystal is proud of the Jenkins library and its use of technology. The mission of the Jenkins School Library Program is to provide both students and staff with an inviting place, which fosters collaboration through the use of technology and quality resources while teaching students 21st-century skills in order to create a culture of lifelong learners, she adds. The school library is well-equipped with technology. We have twenty-five iMacs, a MondoPad, two ceiling-mounted projectors and best of all, an eBook library of over 7,000 books. We access our eBooks via the internet.\nCrystal recalls when she began her career, computers were just beginning to be introduced into the school system. “One of the first tasks I had to complete was to get the school library entered into a library automation system. With the help of high school typing students, we entered around 9,000 marc records for the school library collection. This was my first real computer experience. The printer, the desktop computer, and software to run it was more than $10,000. It took years to be able to afford computers, software, and printers for classrooms. At that time, I could not imagine having the technology we have today in our school systems.”\nThis is Crystal’s second Innovative Grant. She received a grant last year titled, “Listen and Doodle.” She used the funding from that project to get a couple of iPads for her students to use for taking pictures for projects, a listening center so up to 16 children at a time can listen to the same audiobook and also a multifunction machine (records, CDs, mp3s, phones) they can use in the listening center.\nAs part of her project funded through the KVEC “Race to the Top” federal funding by the U.S. Department of Education, Crystal was one of over 100 instructors who presented at the Forging Innovation in Rural Education (FIRE) Summit, a multi-district K-12 educational professional learning event October 25 in Pikeville, KY. More than 17,000 viewers, from 15 countries and 42 states, tuned in to the live stream provided by KVEC’s digital platform the Holler to watch Crystal’s and the other presentations.\nCrystal Smallwood’s and the other presentations can be found on the www.theholler.org.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Continuance theory and teacher education\nWright, N. (2012). Continuance theory and teacher education. In M. Brown, M. Hartnett & T. Stewart (Eds.), Future challenges, sustainable futures. Proceedings ascility Wellington 2012. (pp. 1096-1099).\nPermanent Research Commons link: https://hdl.handle.net/10289/8427\nContinuance theory is usually related to the regular use of technology in the business/industry area. It attempts to explain why people either continue to use specific technologies in their work, or not. Essentially, it links to the perceived value to individuals‟ ability to work effectively, however that is understood in their workplace. In the profession of education, particularly schools and teacher education, the perceived value of continued use is not about individuals and their work, but about individuals‟ work with groups of students and what happens to learning when these digital technologies are used. Continued use is contingent on their students‟ positive responses to these technologies supporting learning. I examine, in the light of continuance theory, what happens when student teachers in an initial secondary teacher education programme report on including digital technologies on practicum. This includes reporting on the effect students‟ responses have on their subsequent attitudes and practices regarding digital technologies in learning contexts.\nAustralasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education\n© 2012 Noeline Wright.\n- Education Papers", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Global Environment Facility (GEF)\nThe Global Environment Facility (GEF) was established on the eve of the 1992 Rio Earth Summit to help tackle our planet’s most pressing environmental problems. Since then, the GEF has provided over $17 billion in grants and mobilized an additional $88 billion in financing for more than 4000 projects in 170 countries. Today, the GEF is an international partnership of 183 countries, international institutions, civil society organizations and the private sector that addresses global environmental issues.\nThe GEF is…\n- A UNIQUE PARTNERSHIP of 18 agencies — including United Nations agencies, multilateral development banks, national entities and international NGOs — working with 183 countries to address the world’s most challenging environmental issues. The GEF has a large network of civil society organizations, works closely with the private sector around the world, and receives continuous inputs from an independent evaluation office and a world-class scientific panel.\n- A FINANCIAL MECHANISM for 5 major international environmental conventions: the Minamata Convention on Mercury, the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD), the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).\n- AN INNOVATOR AND CATALYST that supports multi-stakeholder alliances to preserve threatened ecosystems on land and in the oceans, build greener cities, boost food security and promote clean energy for a more prosperous, climate-resilient world; leveraging $5.2 in additional financing for every $1 invested.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "220.127.116.11 Examples of Invalid Single-quoted Strings\nIn finishing our discussion of singled-quoted strings, consider these\nexamples of strings that are not legal because they violate the\nexceptions we talked about above:\n'You cannot do this: \\'; # INVALID: the ending \\ cannot be alone\n'It is 5 o'clock!' # INVALID: the ' in o'clock should be escaped\n'Three \\'s: \\\\\\\\\\'; # INVALID: the final \\ escapes the ', thus\n# the literal is not terminated\n'This is my string; # INVALID: missing close quote\nSometimes, when you have invalid string literals such as in the example\nabove, the error message that Perl gives is not particularly intuitive.\nHowever, when you see error messages such as:\n(Might be a runaway multi-line '' string starting on line X)\nBareword found where operator expected\nBareword \"foo\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use\nIt is often an indication that you have runaway or invalid strings.\nKeep an eye out for these problems. Chances are, you will forget and\nviolate one of the rules for single-quoted strings eventually, and then\nneed to determine why you are unable to run your Perl program.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Like stratified layers of soil tell the story of the natural world, paint layers can tell a rich story of a building and the communities that lived there. Recently, the Society undertook a study of the paint in the sanctuary of its historic 1876 synagogue. The findings of this Historic Paint Analysis help us to piece together an idea of the building’s original appearance 138 years ago, and provide a map for future restoration activities. The project was funded in part by the National Trust for Historic Preservation and the MARPAT Foundation.\nWhile this research rendered a nearly complete picture of the sanctuary's original paint and wood finishes, further study is needed to solve a remaining mystery: was there always a biblical passage painted on the Torah ark? If so, was it originally gold leaf?\nThe Historic Synagogue\nIn 1876, Adas Israel Hebrew Congregation built this synagogue at 6th and G Streets, NW. The building was the first purpose-built synagogue in Washington, DC. By all accounts, the sanctuary’s original appearance was quite modest. Its walls were whitewashed, with wood wainscoting below stained to look like walnut.\nThe most significant “extravagance” was on the Torah ark, which had some gold-leaf on the edges of its columns and cornice. Today it includes the familiar “Ma Tovu” passage from Numbers 24:5 in gold: “How lovely are your tents, O Jacob, your dwelling places, O Israel!” A June 1876 newspaper article about the synagogue’s dedication noted the presence of biblical quotation expressing reverence for synagogues. However, the article did not indicate whether or not the passage was painted direction above the ark, and if it appeared in gold or another color.\nIn 1908, the congregation sold the building to a real estate investor who converted the first floor to store fronts, and leased the second floor to a succession of churches. In 1969, when the building was marked for demolition, the Jewish Historical Society saved the building by moving it three blocks to 3rd and G Streets, NW. In 1975, JHSGW rededicated the building as the Lillian & Albert Small Jewish Museum. Learn more about the building’s history.\nSince that time, the Jewish Historical Society has sought to restore the building to its original appearance. The Historic Paint Analysis is just one of the many tools that create a picture of the building’s original appearance in 1876. Other sources of information include newspaper accounts from the building’s dedication, and photographs from the 20th century.\nHistoric Paint Analysis\nJHSGW worked with Worcester Eisenbrandt, Inc. (WEI) to carry out the historic paint analysis. WEI’s analyst excavated tiny craters and took dozens of samples of paint and varnish from throughout the main sanctuary and its balcony area. Locations included walls, window frames, the newel post on the stairway to the balcony, and, of course, on the Torah ark.\nThe craters revealed layer upon layer of paint and varnish, each representing a “moment” in the building’s history. This crater from the wainscot rail ringing the entire room shows the first layer of finish – a varnish – and successive layers of paint, including “graining” layers that emulated the appearance and rare, expensive woods. More recent layers included white, brown, and green paint, as well as a thick layer of dirt.\nFuture research might help to reveal precisely when each layer – including the dirt – was added and the length of time it was visible. This information, coupled with the timeline of the building’s inhabitants, would make it possible to imagine what the interior of the building looked like at different times.\nPerhaps the most significant discovery was the existence of a layer of gold paint added within a few years of the synagogue’s construction on the columns that support the second floor. For the mostly immigrant congregation of modest means, this decoration was likely a costly addition.\nIn addition to the craters, WEI’s analyst placed cross sections from the wall finishes under the microscope. These provided a “side view” that revealed all the different layers of paint, varnish, and wallpaper in some cases. In this image, a thick layer of dirt from the period when the sanctuary was used a warehouse for shops on the first floor is visible.\nThere are still unanswered questions about some of the paint. The Hebrew inscription over the ark (called an entablature) is a reproduction of text that was present when the synagogue was dedicated. Yet, we do not yet know if the biblical passage was inscribed on the ark or on another piece of material and attached to the ark when the sanctuary was built, and if it was gold leaf. The Historic Paint Analysis found some gold leaf or paint below the several layers of paint. However, it is inconclusive whether or not the “older” layers are in fact just the bleeding through of the newer paint.\nIn December 2014, JHSGW raised support for another round of analysis on the entablature to answer this question. Thanks to an anonymous gift in memory of Margot Heckman and contributions from other community members, we will be able to solve this mystery.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "One of the most important symbolist painter born ahead of his time, Austrian artist Gustav Klimt is well-known today for his paintings created during his Golden Phase such as “The Kiss”, “Danae” and “Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I”.\nKlimt started his career as a successful decorative painter popularly commissioned to paint murals and embellish museums, churches and other important buildings, working closely with his brother and a friend under the name “Company of Artists”.\nHowever, the deaths of both his father and brother in 1892 led to a shift in his artistic vision from classicism to a more personal Art Nouveau style that includes highly ornamental gold paint, abstract compositions and erotic symbolism of the female figure.\nHis new-found style provoked outcry and was rejected by the conservative Austrian society, but was well-received overseas. He attained international fame as Art Nouveau painter and at the height of his career, Klimt co-founded the Vienna Secession in 1897 to support the works of local and foreign non-traditional artists.\nKlimt’s Golden Phase, inspired by Byzantine mosaics he saw on his visits to Venice and Ravenna, brought him much positive recognition and financial success. However, he kept a simple and discreet life, devoted to his art and his family, and avoiding socializing with other artists. He mentored younger artists including Egon Schiele and Oskar Kokoschka and paved the way for other modernist artists.\n“There is nothing that special to see when looking at me. I’m a painter who paints day in day out, from morning till evening. Whoever wants to know something about me ought to look carefully at my pictures and try and see in them what I am and what I want to do.” – Gustav Klimt\nOn January 11, 1918, Klimt was left partially paralyzed by a stroke and while hospitalized, caught a lung infection and died the following February 6.\nThis year marks the 100th death anniversary of a great symbolist master.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "PERTHUIS, CHARLES, merchant, commercial fisherman, churchwarden, and a director of the Compagnie de la Colonie; b. 1664, son of Charles Perthuis and Anne Minet, of the parish of Saint-Saturnin in Tours; d. at Quebec in 1722.\nThe exact date of Perthuis’s arrival in the colony is unknown. He first appears in 1694; a year later, while still a bachelor, he rented a house on Rue Notre-Dame (sous le Fort), from Paul Denys de Saint-Simon, and was thus a neighbour of a man whose partner he would be on many occasions, Nicolas Pinaud. At the age of 32, on 26 June 1697, Perthuis signed a marriage contract, witnessed by the political and social elite of the colony, in which he is referred to as a merchant, and on 8 July he married Marie-Madeleine Roberge, the daughter of Denis Roberge and Geneviève Auber. Perthuis had 11 or 12 children, the best known being Joseph*, his penultimate child, baptized on 30 Aug. 1714. In 1732, his widow resided at the same address, and a later census, that of 1744, indicates that his son Joseph was the owner of the house.\nPerthuis’s business career resembles that of many other merchants and bourgeois of the colony. His commercial activities ranged from selling groceries and supplies and being a partner in the Compagnie de la Colonie, to outfitting privateers during the War of the Spanish Succession. “Merchant capitalism” or “venturing” best describe his many activities. He (and not his son, as J.-N. Fauteux writes), was engaged in the leather business. In partnership with Nicolas Pinaud, in 1695, he signed a contract to supply flour and biscuits, and many years later, in 1715, they were engaged in the same trade. In 1716 they had a one-half interest in the Sainte-Anne. When the Compagnie de la Colonie was formed, Perthuis acquired 2,000 livres worth of shares. He soon became a director of the company, and, with Nicolas Pinaud and René-Louis Chartier de Lotbinière, was appointed to settle the debts of the company in 1708.\nPerthuis also established commercial relations with merchants from La Rochelle such as Robert Butler and Charles-Joseph Amiot de Vincelotte, the latter a ship’s captain as well as “venturer,” whose activities had brought him to Canada. In 1716, Perthuis acquired an interest in the sous-ferme of Tadoussac from the estate of Joseph Riverin. In the same year he entered into a partnership with Robert Drouard, a Quebec merchant, for the exploitation of this concession.\nPerthuis was a churchwarden of the church of Notre-Dame in Quebec, and he acted on several occasions as the guardian of minors. This role, and the many requests he received to arbitrate disputes before the Conseil Souverain, indicate how much his judgement was respected.\nPerthuis died in Quebec at the age of 58, and was buried there on 5 March 1722. No papers from his estate appear to have been preserved.\nAJQ, Greffe de Louis Chambalon; Greffe de François Genaple. “Correspondance de Vaudreuil,” APQ Rapport, 1938–39. Documents relating to Canadian currency during the French period (Shortt), I, 3. Jug. et délib. Charland, “Notre-Dame de Québec: le nécrologe de la crypte,” 178. “Liste générale des intéressés en la compagnie de la colonie du Canada, et des actions qu’ils y ont prises,” BRH, XL (1934), 498–512. É.-Z. Massicotte, “Congés et permis déposés ou enregistrés à Montréal sous le régime français,” APQ Rapport, 1921–22, 189–225. Fauteux, Essai sur l’industrie sous le régime français, I.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "n 1942 the Board of Library Trustees asked the State Librarian to develop a strategy for improving the archival situation. A committee studied the problem for a year before submitting its report to the Board. The report recommended that:\nAt the same time an independently formed committee was working from a different perspective to protect Oregon government records. Only weeks after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 the Committee on the Conservation of Cultural Resources organized. It functioned under the Oregon State Defense Council and was chaired by Professor Luther Cressman, head of the Department of Anthropology and director of the Museum of Natural History at the University of Oregon. Concern for the safety of historical records in the event of enemy air raids occupied much of the early committee discussion. The resulting research into how and where records were housed led to the realization that many valuable records were in danger of destruction because of neglect.\nIn response to this, Cressman appointed a subcommittee to formulate recommendations. The subcommittee (which included the State Librarian as a member) submitted a report to Governor Earl Snell in 1944 recommending \"the creation of a depository, the appointment of a custodian or archivist, and the establishment of standards for the selection of those records that are non-current and proper for preservation.\"2 The report also noted nagging problems of poor storage, the uncertain fate of records of defunct agencies, and the potential benefits of a microfilm program. It pointed out the need for an adequate budget and strong legislation to facilitate the creation and development of an effective archives program.\nBolstered by these reports, supporters introduced archives legislation to the 1945 Legislative Assembly. Unfortunately, the Society of American Archivists model law used as the basis of the bill conflicted with existing statutes including the Oregon laws of evidence. Because of this a comprehensive act creating a state archives did not pass.\nHowever, the Legislative Assembly did approve a provision for the State Archives as part of the 1945-1947 State Library budget. The modest amount of $15,000 was allocated to get the program underway. Additionally, the Attorney General issued an opinion which allowed the state archivist to collect records for the use of government agencies but did not further define specific activities. State Librarian Eleanor Stephens painted the budget in rosy terms in a letter to a prospective candidate for the State Archivist position, \"Because office and storage space will be furnished the Archives in the Oregon State Library Building without expense to the archival budget, this provision is even more liberal than it appears.\"3\nEventually, the Board of Library Trustees approved the appointment of David Cushing Duniway as State Archivist. The challenge of creating a state archives from the ground up helped him overcome initial reservations to Salem while interviewing for the position: \"The whole area was filled with the smell of the paper mill and I can remember my wife saying that she never wanted 'to live in a town like that.'\"4", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Oregonians in 2050 Produce and Use Materials Responsibly\nConserving Resources · Protecting the Environment · Living Well\nMany environmental challenges facing Oregon and the world, such as pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, relate to how we produce, use, and manage materials. To address these challenges, DEQ’s Materials Management program has a long-term vision for Oregon.\nIn this vision:\n- Producers make products sustainably, so every option is a sustainable option.\n- People live well and consume sustainably.\n- Materials have the most useful life possible before and after discard.\nWhat is Materials Management?\nMaterials management takes a holistic view of environmental impacts across the full life cycle of materials, as well as actions that can be taken to reduce those impacts. It includes resource extraction and use of recovered materials, the design and production of materials, their use, and end-of-life management, including solid waste disposal and recovery.\nWhat happened to the Solid Waste program?\nDEQ’s Materials Management program was called the Solid Waste program, because it traditionally focused more attention on managing products and materials at the end of their useful life, when they were considered “solid waste”. The program places more emphasis on the full life cycle of materials including – but not limited to – the management of solid wastes.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Hakka, known as Kejia (客家）or “guest people” in Mandarin, are scattered across southeastern China, mostly in Guangdong and Fujian provinces. They can also be found in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, and Taiwan.\nThere are an estimated 30 to 45 million Hakkan descendants worldwide. Famous Hakkans include Sun Yat-sen, the Father of Modern China; China’s late paramount leader, Deng Xiaoping; Singapore’s first prime minister, Lew Kuan Yew; the late Canto-pop star, Leslie Cheung; Canto-pop icon Leon Lai; and Chow Yun-fat, a Hong Kong actor that has starred in countless Hong Kong and several Hollywood flicks.\nNorthern Chinese Roots\nThe ancestors of the Hakka are thought to have originated in Northern China. They migrated to Southern China hundreds of years ago, maintaining their unique customs, dialect, and food preferences.\nNeedless to say, cooking styles might have remained the same, but ingredients depended on what was available locally.\nHakka Food emphasizes original flavours and nutritional value over presentation. Preserved meats are featured, vegetables are favoured, and those that settled along the coast took to seafood. Internal organs also feature prominently in Hakka style cooking.\nCopyright: Michael Taylor\nChina’s Eight Great Cuisines: an Introduction\nFoodie Challenge: Can I Eat My Way Around China Without Leaving Shenzhen?\nEight Great Cuisines of China (中国8大菜系 )\nCantonese Cuisine: China’s Most Popular Cooking Style (粤菜)\nChiu Chow Cuisine: Regional Cantonese Food (潮州菜 )\nHakka Cuisine: Regional Cantonese Food (客家菜)\nShun Tak Cuisine: Regional Cantonese Food (信德 菜)\nHunanese Cuisine: Chairman Mao’s Favourite (湘菜)\nSichuanese Cuisine: Famous for Numbing Peppers （川菜）\nJiangsu Cuisine: Huaiyang Food (Part 1) （蘇菜）\nZhejiang Cuisine: Huaiyang Food (Part 2) （浙菜）\nAnhui Cuisine: China’s Best Kept Culinary Secret? （徽菜）\nShandong Cuisine: This Is Where Peking Duck Originates （魯菜）\nFujian Cuisine: Popular in Taiwan（闽菜）\nYour Response Wanted!\nWhat is your favourite style of Chinese cuisine – and why?\nPlease post your comment on Facebook at the following link: Accidental Travel Writer on Facebook. And don’t forget to LIKE us while you’re there!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Best Answer - Chosen by VotersClimate :\nClimate is the average and variations of weather in a region over long periods of time. The climate of a location is affected by the presence of mountains, ice caps, as well nearby oceans and their associated currents. Locations on the western side of oceans exposed to warm water currents are relatively warm and humid, while deserts tend to exist on the east side of oceans where cold water currents contribute less warmth and moisture, leading to a more stable atmospheric profile. Mountain chains can cut off moisture streaming off an ocean or bay from reaching more inland locations. Climate zones can be defined using parameters such as temperature and rainfall to define desert, steppe, rain forest and polar ice cap regimes.\nPaleoclimatology is the study and description of ancient climates using information from both non-biotic factors such as sediments found in lake beds and ice cores, and biotic factors such as tree rings and coral, and can be used to extend back the temperature or rainfall information for particular locations to a time before various weather instruments were used to monitor weather conditions. Climate models are mathematical models of past, present and future climates and can therefore be used to describe the likely patterns of future changes.\nUnderstanding how interactions between climate and habitat can affect elephant ecology will be important for the long-term conservation and management of the species. As extreme conditions such as droughts repeat, wildlife becomes increasingly vulnerable to climate variability and climate change. In our study, we have developed a database of fine-scale indices needed for wildlife management studies. These include a database of climatic parameters, hydrological parameters, vegetation indices, and drought indices. 67% 4 Votes\nOther Answers (3)\nThink how climate affects the environment of a desert vs a far northern wilderness, vs a tropical rain forest , a farming area in India, Indiana, or China... clearly climate has an extreme affect on so much that we call our environment.\nSwitch the relationship around and ask how much various things we group into environment affect the climate. None of them in a short term basis have an impact that compares with the natural variation in climate, geographically or over time.\nSo we then have to ask might climate be altered much more significantly over a longer time by influences we categorize as environment?\nThere is ample evidence that over time we have had major shifts in climate over fairly long periods. These have occurred without human intervention. These climate changes mostly give us reason to think that relatively minor changes can influence major climate changes over a longer period.\nWe have some thought that we may be accelerating global warming, even bringing it on earlier than it might naturally occur. But we have no illusion that absence of our contribution to those influences would guarantee that we would not eventually experience that global warming which leads to a major ice age.\nOur environmental contribution may start a change, but we can not from that assume that we can stop the process by removing the cause of the start.\nIt is like getting a car moving on a gradual down-slope, and then assuming that if we shift out of gear, let it coast, that it will always stop before it reaches the brow of the downhill ahead.\nWe know that climate change can drive more climate change, so we can not be sure the change will stop when we stop doing what started it. 17% 1 Vote\nClimate is the average and variations of weather in a region over long periods of time. The climate of a location is affected by latitude, terrain, and persistent ice or snow cover, as well as nearby oceans and their currents. Climate zones can be defined using parameters such as temperature and rainfall to define desert, steppe, rain forest and polar ice cap regimes. On the other hand, environment is the external conditions, resources, stimuli, etc.with which an organism interacts.\nYahoo Search: Wikepedia\n0% 0 Votes\nthe environment can affect the climate quite alot.this is because the activities that occur in the environment affect the climae. For ezample, humans overuse of fossil fuels have cause the climate to change. The climate also affects the envirmonent because there is more biodiversity where the climate is proper. It all depends on what is proper for a certain situation.\n17% 1 Vote", "label": "No"}
{"text": "I just heard another news report on the catastrophic effects that global warming will someday have on our planet. Apparently a 2° rise in the global temperature (when and if that ever happens) will cause the earth’s oceans to rise over the planet and this apparently will place millions of people “under water.”\nNow, let’s just think about that for a moment. I will not spend any time arguing over the cause of this warming trend. There are just as many scientists who refute blaming the industrialized world as being the cause as there are who are accusatory. But I just question the physics of the whole thing. Maybe it was something I learned in my college Chemistry of Water class–which I don’t recommend taking, by the way.\nBut let’s do an experiment. Prepare yourself a glass of ice water. Now just let it sit as the room temperature alone goes to work causing global warming so to speak. When the ice melts, does the level of water in the glass rise or decrease? Surprise! The water level actually decreases. This is because ice is unlike all other substances on earth. It is the only substance whose solid form is actually larger than its liquid form. So, if the temperature of the earth rises, will the sea levels rise or decrease? Remember our experiment.\nAnd what happened when I allowed the glass of water to sit? It evaporated into the atmosphere. And it happens even more quickly if it’s moving like in a river, ocean, or in the fish ponds outside my own house. This is the cycle of water that has existed throughout the history of the planet.\nSo sleep tight and don’t waste too much time worrying about flood waters. And if your feet get wet, move to higher ground. There is plenty of it.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Of all the gold ever refined, 600 tons were created 4.6 billion years ago, when two neutron stars collided -1,000 light-years away.\nBy James DiGeorgia\nSixty years after Margaret Burbidge and her colleagues determined that violent cosmic explosions must have created the universe's heaviest elements, the first neutron-star collision was detected. When LIGO and Virgo detected a collision in 2017, gravitational waves observed led to a global hunt for the cosmic flash created by the debris of the neutron stars. These findings made neutron stars the most probable candidates to have created Burbidge’s elements.\nBurbidge’s process creates, amongst others, radioactive elements that decay steadily after they were initially created. These elements carry information about their origin by acting as ever-present cosmic clocks. Some of these clocks pointed to a collision involving a neutron star that happened a mere 1,000 light-years from what is the solar system today. This event was responsible for creating 0.3% of some of the heavy elements found on Earth, including iodine, uranium, and gold.\nMatter deposited by this event is pervasive. Humans all have some matter in them that came from the collision, mostly as iodine. Of all the gold ever refined on Earth, 600 tons came from this collision. A nuclear reactor contains 200 kilograms of this matter, a Tesla Model 3 five grams and a gold wedding ring 10 milligrams.\nNeutron stars are dead stars that are ultra-compact and are formed when huge stars collapse due to their gravitational pull. Although they can weigh as much as our sun, their size is only that of NY City. They are massive atomic nuclei, primarily made up of neutrons.\nScientists have long theorized that neutron stars will occasionally collide with each other, but the conclusive proof was elusive. In the early 1960s, Freeman Dyson suggested that two neutron stars closely orbited each other and was interested in finding ways of extracting energy from such systems. In the 1970s, Joe Taylor and Russell Hulse were the first to detect two neutron stars that were close to each other. These stars are expected to collide in 300 million years as their distance apart is decreasing continuously due to gravitational waves.\nThe first clue of neutron-star collisions was an unexpected result of the cold war. A network of military satellites, known as Vela, was launched by the U.S. during the 1960s to monitor Soviet Union compliance with a nuclear test ban treaty. The satellites however detected mysterious signals from outer space, instead of rogue detonations on Earth. These cosmic flashes of energetic photons are known as gamma rays, and some of them were later shown to be signs of neutron stars colliding billions of light-years away.\nIn 2017, the Virgo detector in Europe and the LIGO detectors in America picked up a gravitational wave signal that was recognized as a collision of neutron stars some 130 million light-years away. This proved for the first time that these collisions do happen. Although this event was distant, the fact that LIGO and Virgo had only monitored the sky for about four months before detecting it meant that neutron stars collide regularly. In the Milky Way, it is estimated that a collision occurs every 100,000 years.\nWhere and when neutron stars collide is important for the birth of the solar system. Before the planets and our sun were shaped, the matter that they’re made was only a primordial cloud of dust and gas. This cloud was an order of magnitude bigger than what the solar system is today, and it cast a massive cosmic net collecting atoms that traveled between stars in the interstellar medium. Some of this matter in the pre-solar cloud originated with neutron stars colliding, including most of the uranium, platinum, gold and other heavy elements found on Earth today.\nWe can use radioactive isotopes that were formed by neutron star collisions and dropped in the pre-solar cloud to reconstruct what happened. Although many of these isotopes have decayed since their presence was recorded in meteorites formed soon after the collapse of the pre-solar cloud started forming the planets and sun.\nInformation contained in radioactive isotopes is enlightening. It was discovered the relative quantities of various short-lived isotopes with a half-live smaller than 100 million years is indicative of them originating from neutron stars, as they are not consistent with any other type of cosmic explosion, i.e., supernovas generated by huge stars dying. Supernova explosions happen 1,000 times more often in the Milky Way than what neutron star collisions do.\nThe shortest-lived isotopes would, therefore, be replenished regularly if they were produced by a supernova, making it certain they would be present when the solar system formed. For neutron star collisions, the short-lived isotopes would be depleted soon after and would remain depleted until the next collision. It is therefore probable that this isotope was depleted at the time of the solar system forming. The abundances of short-lived iodine-129 and curium-247 isotopes in the early solar system indicate this depletion, thereby ruling out supernovas.\nWhen Burbidge did her original work, and in the years after that, it was still believed supernovas were the main source of the heaviest elements. This model was challenged by numerous pieces of evidence, including the optical signal observed by Virgo and LIGO when they detected the neutron star collision.\nRadioactive isotopes also suggest a collision close to the pre-solar cloud. By comparing numerical simulations of the Milky Way with the measured quantities, it was found that a single collision likely produced a significant portion of the early solar system’s short-lived elements. Curium’s longest-lived isotope with a half-life of 15.6 million years, was for example mainly produced by one collision.\nElements produced by neutron star collisions play an important role in our lives. These include valuable metals, including platinum and gold, and elements required to manufacture modern electronic devices. Some are even critical to life itself, e.g. iodine. If the rate of collisions had been different, or if Earth had been in a different section of the Milky Way, our environment may well have been very different.\nWith new kinds of observatories being built that can detect neutrons or gravitational waves, the universe’s exploration relies increasingly on looking at information from different cosmic messengers in combination. In a new field known as multi-messenger astrophysics, the solar system’s radioactive elements are a valuable addition.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "|A History of Magic|\nMagical history prior the 20th century\nStandard text for students at Hogwarts\nA History of Magic was a book written by Bathilda Bagshot, one of the most eminent magical historians, covering the history of the wizarding world up to the end of the 19th century. It was first published in 1947 by Little Red Books. A second edition was released by M. L. Books at an unknown date.\nIt was a required text for all Hogwarts students from the first year onward for the History of Magic class taught by Professor Binns. Hermione Granger had an extra copy of this book in her school trunk. A copy of this book costs 2 Galleons at Flourish and Blotts.\nA History of Magic was one of the books Hermione packed in her handbag when the Trio went to hunt Voldemort's Horcruxes. When Harry admitted that he did not know Godric's Hollow was named after Godric Gryffindor, she read an extract from the book to him. After their trip to Godric's Hollow, Hermione read A History of Magic at night while Harry struggled with the loss of his wand and learning about Albus Dumbledore's friendship with Gellert Grindelwald.\n- \"Little could be heard over the squawking of the Diricawls, the moaning of the Augureys and the relentless, piercing song of the Fwoopers. As witches and wizards attempted to consult the papers before them, sundry pixies and fairies whirled around their heads, giggling and jabbering. A dozen or so trolls began to smash apart the chamber with their clubs, while hags glided about the place in search of children to eat. The Council Chief stood up to open the meeting, slipped on a pile of Porlock dung and ran cursing from the hall.\"\n- —Bagshot describes a meeting of the Wizards' Council (headed by Burdock Muldoon) with representatives of all beings, at the time defined as every creature who walked on two legs.[src]\n- \"Non-magic people (more commonly known as Muggles) were particularly afraid of magic in medieval times, but not very good at recognising it. On the rare occasion that they did catch a real witch or wizard, burning had no effect whatsoever. The witch or wizard would perform a basic Flame Freezing Charm and then pretend to shriek with pain while enjoying a gentle, tickling sensation. Indeed, Wendelin the Weird enjoyed being burned so much that she allowed herself to be caught no less than forty-seven times in various disguises.\"\n- —Bagshot describes the witch-burnings in medieval times.[src]\n- \"Upon the signature of the International Statute of Secrecy in 1689, wizards went into hiding for good. It was natural, perhaps, that they formed their own small communities within a community. Many small villages and hamlets attracted several magical families, who banded together for mutual support and protection. The villages of Tinworth in Cornwall, Upper Flagley in Yorkshire, and Ottery St. Catchpole on the south coast of England were notable homes to knots of Wizarding families who lived alongside tolerant and sometimes Confunded Muggles. Most celebrated of these half-magical dwelling places is, perhaps, Godric's Hollow, the West Country village where the great wizard Godric Gryffindor was born, and where Bowman Wright, Wizarding smith, forged the first Golden Snitch. The graveyard is full of the names of ancient magical families, and this accounts, no doubt, for the stories of hauntings that have dogged the little church beside it for many centuries.\"\n- —On the consequences of wizard seclusion after the signature of the Statute of Secrecy in 1689.[src]\nBehind the scenes\n- In early British editions of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, the book is incorrectly said to be written by Adalbert Waffling, instead of Bathilda Bagshot. The error was corrected in the American editions and later British editions.\n- Although required and used in his class, Harry Potter says he has never read it, maybe just opened it, showing his obvious dislike for the subject. However Hedwig is a name that Harry found in the book (perhaps he found it when he read the book for the first time).\n- Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (First appearance)\n- Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\n- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\n- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1\n- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1 (video game) (Mentioned only)\n- Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Dinosaurs, those monsters who ruled for millions of years, feared something. It happened at the end of the Cretaceous Period. At that time there was an inland sea in what is now North America. The dinosaurs came unprepared to drink. Little did they know that death haunted them. A death in the form of a terrible and violent attack. It was nothing short of Deinosuchus, the crocodile who ate dinosaur.\nIt was the largest carnivore in this semi-aquatic environment. Its teeth were the size of bananas. They could stab the most careless of dinosaurs and cause massive damage. Its body resembled that of a current crocodile. But it was 10 meters long.\nThe fossils of the genus Deinosuchus They have been studied since 1850. But there is a new discovery about it. A research was published in Vertebrate Paleontology by scientists from the University of Iowa. She concludes that there are three types in this group rather than two as previously believed. Is about D. riograndensis, D. hatcheri and a new one D. schwimmeri.\n«Deinosuchus He was a real giant. It must have scared the dinosaurs who came to the water’s edge to live, ”says Adam Cossette. He is a study director and researcher at the New York Institute of Technology. Until now, the full size of this creature was unknown. But with the specimens we examined, we revealed it. It was a strange and monstrous predator with teeth the size of a banana. «\nCossette explains how the three types of Deinosuchus stood up. It was following a geological process that divided the North American inland sea in half. Three different environments were formed in which all three species evolved over time.\nThese creatures are some of the largest and most terrifying crocodiles that ever existed. Christopher Brochu is co-author of the work. He says the existence of these three species shows that “crocodiles are not“ living fossils. ”Not that they have not changed since the time of the dinosaurs, but that they evolved as dynamically as any other group.\nThe researchers conclude from this D. riograndensis and D. hatcheri They lived in western North America. It must have been between Montana and the northern part of Mexico. AND D. schwimmeri He lived on the Atlantic coast between New Jersey and Mississippi.\nThe fossils show that they were the kings of their time. “There was nothing bigger when you lived in the eastern US,” said David Schwimmer. He is a researcher who is not involved in the study. But his name is the origin of the name of the new species. It pays homage to his significant contributions in the field.\nBites from millions of years\nAccording to Schwimmer, there is a big open question. There are large stains on the teeth of Deinosuchus in dinosaur bones. Yes, but it is not known if they did it while hunting or simply cleaning up.\n“I bet they were predators,” says Schwimmer. “That creature was big enough to kill most of the dinosaurs. In addition, we found most of the markings in the bones of the legs and tails. Exactly where you would catch them if you wanted to catch a dinosaur ».\nYes, the crocodile that ate dinosaurs must have been a real monster. The ferocity of their attacks continued to this day on the remains of their prey. As if he wanted to perpetuate the terror he triggered.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "\"Mons Graupius AD 83\" is written by Duncan B Campbell and illustrated by Sean O'Brogain. The book is essential reading for anyone with an interest in the Roman era, and in particular for anyone wanting to know more about the Roman campaign in Scotland between AD77 and AD83. The approach is inclusive, and the wider background across the Roman Empire at the time is covered, both in setting the scene for the campaign and in explaining why the Romans effectively turned their back on the conquest of these islands which was within their grasp after their overwhelming victory at the Battle of Mons Graupius.\nThe text is well researched and written in an accessible and engaging style. This is ably complemented by the numerous images of relevant scenes, of artefacts, of re-enactors: alongside plentiful clear maps and fine pictures of the development of the battle itself. Elements such as a clearly laid out chronology add greatly to the reader's understanding of a military campaign which took rather longer than is usually understood, and descriptions of the opposing forces and the societies which produced them help set the events which took place in a wider context. The book then goes on to look at the Roman campaign on a year by year basis, while the latter half looks at the Battle of Mons Graupius in some detail, and its aftermath.\nWhat is particularly good is the way the author is up front about the limitations of the historical records about the battle. These largely depend on the account written fifteen years later by Tacitus, who happened to be the son in law of the man who led the campaign, the Roman Governor of Britain, Julius Agricola. As a result there are historians who believe that Mons Graupius was actually fought somewhere other than on the slopes of Bennachie in Aberdeenshire, which plays a starring role in the book: and as the author states, there are even some who question whether the battle took place at all.\nAgainst this background, any attempt to present a detailed account of the battle might seem ambitious, but Duncan B Campbell does it very well indeed, and very convincingly. Perhaps at some time in the future someone might unearth a letter, perhaps at the Roman fort at Vindolanda on Hadrian's Wall, complaining that parts of Tacitus's biography of his father in law were a work of fiction: but unless they do, as far as we are concerned the location of Mon Graupius at Bennachie is compelling: and on that basis, this book is as near a definitive account of what took place as is ever likely to be written.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "An immense frustration ecologists encounter is prompted by the attempt to keep track of individual animals in a study. This task only becomes more difficult when trying to pinpoint small, mobile animals like songbirds.\nWhile intelligent computer algorithms can help scientists better complete this task, training these systems to recognize different species — let alone individuals in a species — can take thousands of data points, time, and money.\nHowever, French and Portuguese researchers recently devised a way to streamline this process. They designed a deep-learning network that can identify individual birds with up to 92 percent accuracy in three different species.\nThis tech can not only save scientists resources but can help them collect important data about the lives of birds — and better understand what may be leading to their decline in North America.\nThe study team describes their approach to solving this historic problem using strategically timed photos, RFID sensors, and deep learning in a paper published Monday in the journal Methods in Ecology and Evolution.\n\"A major challenge for the application of individual recognition using deep learning methods is the need for collecting extensive training data,\" the researchers write. \"Acquiring training data typically involves labeling, [instead] we provide an efficient pipeline for collecting training data, both in captivity and in the wild, and we train CNNs for individual re-identification.\"\nInstead of chasing down birds to take their photos in a number of different environments, the researchers used RFID chips and motion-sensor cameras in feeding areas to capture and automatically label images of birds from different angles, providing a robust image of what an individual bird looks like.\nHow does it work — The researchers tested out their new approach using three common species of birds: the sociable weaver (Philetairus socius,) the Great tit (Parus major,) and the Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata.)\nIn both wild and captive environments, the researchers used RFID sensors on the birds and autonomous cameras to capture a thousand images per individual of the species.\nLabeling these photos with information such as what type of bird was in the image is a process that would typically take hundreds of hours of tedious work. Combining these two technologies actually made the process seamless. It also helped the researchers form a large dataset to feed to their A.I. algorithm.\nThe more data provided — the better the A.I. is.\nTo make sure the algorithm wasn't simply learning to memorize the different markings on these birds (a process called \"overfitting\") the researchers used part of their dataset to train the algorithm and set the other part aside to use as a validation set, or essentially a way to check the A.I.'s work.\nWhat were the results — After setting the A.I. loose to check just how well it had learned about these birds, the researchers found that it demonstrated 92 percent accuracy when identifying sociable weavers, 90 percent accuracy when identifying Great tits, and 87 percent accuracy when identifying Zebra finches.\nThe researchers do write that introducing new individual birds to the party did make it harder for the A.I. to accurately identify these individuals. The authors report that there was a 17 percent chance of misidentification when new birds were introduced.\nWhat's next — The researchers write that the success of their model represents a new era of technological opportunity for ecologists.\n\"[T]he ability to move beyond visual marks and manual video coding will revolutionize our approach to addressing biological questions,\" write the authors. \"Importantly, it will allow researchers to expand their sample sizes, thereby providing more power to test hypotheses. Finally, it will open up opportunities to address questions that previously were not tractable.\"\nBut, that said, there are several elements that researchers say need to be refined with their algorithm. While the algorithm showed high accuracy identifying individuals in a given location during a given season the authors write that more research needs to be done to see how this level of accuracy will stand the test of time. Similarly, a more robust dataset in the future should also include photos of these birds at different stages of their life, like when molting.\nBeing able to identify individuals through time and space could be an incredibly powerful tool for understanding long-term animal behavior.\nAbstract: Individual identification is a crucial step to answer many questions in evolutionary biology and is mostly performed by marking animals with tags. Such methods are well-established, but often make data collection and analyses time-consuming, or limit the contexts in which data can be collected. Recent computational advances, specifically deep learning, can help overcome the limitations of collecting large-scale data across contexts. However, one of the bottlenecks preventing the application of deep learning for individual identification is the need to collect and identify hundreds to thousands of individually labelled pictures to train convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Here we describe procedures for automating the collection of training data, generating training datasets, and training CNNs to allow identification of individual birds. We apply our procedures to three small bird species, the sociable weaver Philetairus socius, the great tit Parus major and the zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata, representing both wild and captive contexts. We first show how the collection of individually labelled images can be automated, allowing the construction of training datasets consisting of hundreds of images per individual. Second, we describe how to train a CNN to uniquely re-identify each individual in new images. Third, we illustrate the general applicability of CNNs for studies in animal biology by showing that trained CNNs can re-identify individual birds in images collected in contexts that differ from the ones originally used to train the CNNs. Finally, we present a potential solution to solve the issues of new incoming individuals. Overall, our work demonstrates the feasibility of applying state-of-the-art deep learning tools for individual identification of birds, both in the laboratory and in the wild. These techniques are made possible by our approaches that allow efficient collection of training data. The ability to conduct individual recognition of birds without requiring external markers that can be visually identified by human observers represents a major advance over current methods.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "NASA Image Proves Extraterrestrial Life On Mars\nA NASA image of a massive underground cave entrance on Mars might hint at extraterrestrial life on the planet.\nConspiracy theorists claim that a new photo of the Red planet released by NASA may be evidence of life on Mars.\nDoes this cave pit on Mars show the entrance of an extraterrestrial base?\nMany people believe there are aliens living on Mars and the Moon, and are convinced we are not the only form of intelligent life in the universe, let alone our own solar system.\nThe evidence of water being conserved underneath the planets surface has only fueled speculation that an alien civilization is living beneath the heat on the barren celestial body.\nConspiracy YouTube channel Mars Alive suggest these images are proof of intelligent life on the planet, and that NASA is covering the truth about an alien life form.\nSee the video below for the latest alien news story of alien life on Mars.\nExtraterrestrial life on Mars:\nThe video points out an image that appears to show a cave entrance running underneath the Martian surface.\nThe author of the video says there is evidence of structural wholes within the crater that indicate they were put there by an intelligent form of life.\nHe says: “The reason why I think these are entrances is because you can almost see the dark areas there that could have been areas where these beings walk from one entrance to the other.”\nThe Martian crater is estimated as being 77 meters wide, with an entrance within the crater being 30 meters.\nMany viewers of the new discovery are convinced this helps prove there are aliens on Mars.\nCurrently NASA deny any claims of alien life existing on the scorching planet. Their Mars Rover has not detected any signs of extraterrestrial life – intelligent or microbial.\nSo, could this image actually show the entrance to an underground alien civilization, or is it just optical illusions and a poor image quality as skeptics would have you believe?\nPlease feel free to leave your own thoughts and opinions in a comment below.\nRecent proof of aliens on Mars\nAn ‘alien face’ on Mars that NASA has called the Chryse Alien is reigniting the theory that the US space agency know about the existence of extraterrestrial life.\nNASA has insisted that the abnormal image they release was caused by a meteorite impact and erosion over the years, and does not indicate life on the barren planet of Mars.\nHowever, alien conspiracy theorists are not convinced by this simple explanation and are adamant that this is another hint of a Martian extraterrestrial being living on our neighboring planet.\nScott C Waring, a top researcher in UFO and alien phenomenons, insists that this could in fact be a rock caving by the Martian race. He says this would mirror the same habits of ancient human civilizations in which they would create and carve human like faces in hillsides and rocks.\nNASA actually released this image 13 years ago in 2005, but it seems to have gone under the radar for a large portion of its existence.\nThe NASA photograph of the Chryse Alien was released on the 26th Jan, 2003.\nMr Warning says on his blog: “This crater on Mars is called the ‘Chryse Alien’. Yeah, you heard me right. NASA named it after an alien!”\nHe goes onto say that the ‘alien face carving’ is 350 meters by 400 meters, and is convinced that more precise measurements prove this could not have occurred with natural events, as explained by NASA.\nThe UFO researcher goes on to say that the ‘eyes’ of the Chryse Alien are 250 meters long and are perfect matched in size and width.\nMr Warning is not alone in believing that an alien race once lived, or still live, on the red planet, and that NASA and other leading governing bodies of the world knowingly cover up their existence.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In Montgomery County, Maryland, it is now estimated that the deer population is hovering near 100 head per acre. It’s enough to make decent gardeners tear up their landscaping in despair and put down gravel and plastic flowers.\nNot that it will work. A friend of mine in Germantown moved his deciduous hollies to the fenced back garden and in their place ‘planted’ berry sprays of Made in China. The deer were not deterred and ate them right down to the wire. They spat out the berries however, preferring brown plastic stem wrapping to hardened pellets of Red Dye No. 3.\nAnother friend planted a front garden on a busy suburban crossroads with plants known to be toxic and deerproof and ended up with a front garden filled with nubs, stalks and heavily pruned shrubs. They don’t make anti-depressants strong enough to cure him at this point.\nObviously there’s a problem with this picture. With less habitat available for predators, and less hunters out there, the deer population has reached epic proportions – bad for them and very bad for us.\nA deer that eats a piece of plastic might be an amusing anecdote when sharing gardening war stories, but that is one desperate animal we’re talking about – an animal in tight competition for resources. A heavy deer population means a heavier deer tick population, and that means that the next time you take a quiet walk in the footsteps of Thoreau, you may come back sporting a life-changing illness – Lyme Disease. When Nature swings out of balance, she really swings.\nA number of solutions to the problem have been suggested. The word “cull” comes quickly to this girl’s mind; and indeed, controlled culling is still practiced where housing density permits it. Birth control pellets have also been used, but oddly, this can often result in more twin and triplet births. One step forward, two steps back.\nBut my favorite solution (insofar as it illustrates how far we have come from any type of commonsense connection to food, the Earth and our money) is one recently adopted by Fairfax County: the surgical sterilization of does. Cost: $1000 a head. Privately funded or no, the snarkier part of me can’t help but take this ‘solution’ back in time 400 years:\nSettler: Captain Smith – the deer have decimated the spring crops this year and all the fall seedlings have been eaten! What are we to do?!\nSmith: “Quick! Let’s knock the deer out and remove their ovaries – that’ll stop them.\nSettler: “I don’t understand. Do you mean, kill the deer and eat them?”\nSmith: No, I mean knock them out and remove their ovaries. Where’s my scalpel?”\nSettler: Geez….is this what happened to Roanoke?\nIf you can safely immobilize a deer for surgery, you can safely immobilize it for the hereafter. Just sayin’.\nIn our new home, age-old deer paths run through our property like highways – complete with rest stops near the peach trees, asparagus and hosta beds. Thus, all planting so far is within spitting distance of the house and the dogs are nightly encouraged to access their inner wolf.\nPutting in a garden when one knows that deer browsing will not only be an issue, but a huge issue, is quite a production. One cannot simply look at the landscape and think “such-and-such would look fantastic there” without immediately thinking, “Can I protect it?” When shrubs meant to beautify are covered in browse-proof concertina wire; and the vegetable garden can only be accessed through an eight-foot chain-link gate, gardening does tend to lose a bit of its romance.\nWithout money to build a massive yet tasteful fence, our first step in dealing with the potential problem has been to fill the freezer and encourage our friends to buy hunting licenses. So far it seems to have worked admirably. Two four-foot deer candies that I planted in the field last fall (aka Thuja occidentalis) show no signs of damage to their tender bronze-green foliage. That’s pretty impressive when all else is either grey, brown or white.\nEither the smell of death hangs heavy in the air ’round here, or all the does have migrated to Fairfax County where they know they can get free birth control.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "E3.1 General introduction 42 E3.2 Specific health, safety and environmental requirements 42 produced at an elevated temperature in an asphalt plant. Asphalt layers are designed to contribute to the structural capacity of the pavement, and / or improve functionality (e.g. riding surface texture, evenness) and\nBecause the comment serves as a general introduction to the comments that follow, The Project involves construction and operation of a portable asphalt batch plant at the existing 40-acre American Girl East mining site. The asphalt plant would include a baghouse, drum mixer, incline conveyor, two ac tanks, a cold feed bin, control house\nOct 07, 2017 · October 7, 2017. Atlas Industries. Asphalt plants. The main components and operation of asphalt batch mix plant. It is to produce HMA known as Asphalt Batching Plant and hot mix plant. It blends together aggregates and bitumen to produce the hot mix paving material. The aggregates here can be a single sized material.\nHot Mix Asphalt Recycling PRACTICES AND PRINCIPLES by Mohamad Mohajeri. John C Bullas. Mohamad Mohajeri. Download PDF. Download Full PDF Package. This paper. A short summary of this paper. 33 Full PDFs related to this paper. Read Paper.\nconditions. Montana native plants are those plants that were here before Euro/American settlement and are indigenous to Montana. Large-scale changes to the flora of North America occurred as a result of European settlement and the introduction of exotic plants. We recommend planting species native to Montana and when appropriate, plants native\nAn asphalt plant is a plant used for the manufacture of asphalt, macadam and other forms of coated roadstone, sometimes collectively known as blacktop or asphalt concrete . Asphalt plants for road construction. Asphalt plant in Belgium. The manufacture of coated roadstone demands the combination of a number of aggregates, sand and a filler (such as stone dust), in the correct proportions, heated, …\nJan 20, 2020 · The general introduction of the non-carcinogenic VOCs escaping from asphalt pavement construction is summarized as follows (ATSDR, 2007): Cumene is a skin and eye irritant with depressant action on the central nervous system (CNS).\nConcrete hollow block making machine is a kind of block machine designed for producing concrete hollow blocks with fly ash, sand such as river sand, sea sand, mountain sand, mineral powder, slag such as coal slag, coal gangue, tailings slag, chemical slag etc. Industrial wastes and cement as …\nAbstract. The beneficial effect of adding mineral elements (e.g. plant ash, lime) to soils to improve plant growth has been known in agriculture for more than 2000 years. Nevertheless, even 150 years ago it was still a matter of scientific controversy as to whether mineral elements function as nutrients for plant …\nFacts about Asphalt. Step 1: Aggregate. Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP), crushed stone, gravel, and sand – stored in stockpiles. Step 2: Cold Feed Bins. Accurately measures out the aggregate onto a conveyer belt. Step 3 : Drying Drum.\n11.1 Hot Mix Asphalt Plants 11.1.1 General1-3,23, 392-394 Hot mix asphalt (HMA) paving materials are a mixture of size-graded, high quality aggregate (which can include reclaimed asphalt pavement [RAP]), and liquid asphalt cement, which is heated and mixed in measured quantities to produce HMA. Aggregate and RAP (if used) constitute over 92 percent\nLondon Asphalt Specification Revision September 2009. London Centre of Excellence London Technical Advisors Group Transport for London LONDONWIDE ASPHALT SPECIFICATION Guidance on the selection and recommendations for the use of road surfacing materials September 2009 u0001 Please consider the environment and do not print this document unless\nWe crush asphalt rubble to reuse on driveways and in the production of new asphalt. We grind asphalt shingles to reuse in new Get Price; concrete asphalt crush and grind companies … concrete asphalt crush and grind companies SAM is a professional manufacturer and exporter of mining equipment, such as: crushing plant, mobile crushers\nPut your Population Systems: A General Introduction Pavel Kindlmann worries aside, dear friend. Hurry to hire an expert instead. The sooner you send your request, the sooner the essay will be completed. The fastest turnaround for a standard essay is 3 hours.\n5. THE ASPHALT MIXING PLANT The asphalt industry is a highly mechanised one. This applies especially to the production of hot-mix asphalt, where a team of five or six employees produces hundreds of tonnes of mixture, in combination with the delivery and storage of mineral aggregates and bitumen. Obviously, it must be clear to everyone how the\nThe Asphalt Bitumen Patching SWMS references: Work Health and Safety Act 2011. Work Health and Safety Regulation 2017. AS/NZS 2341.0: Methods of testing bitumen and related road making products–General introduction and list of standards. AS 2150: Hot mix asphalt–A guide to good practice.\nApr 06, 2021 · Specific general characteristics of algae are common to plants as well as animals. For instance, algae can photosynthesize like plants, and they possess specialized structures and cell-organelles, like centrioles and flagella, found only in animals. Listed below are some of the general characteristics of algae.\nAug 30, 2016 · Adaptable—Asphalt pavements can be designed to suit any conditions of traffic, soils, and materials. They need only periodic maintenance to remain in good shape indefinitely. 1 Introduction Smooth—Asphalt pavements provide a more uniform surface and a quiet ride unmatched by other pavements. Smooth asphalt roads also reduce rolling\nwest virginia division of highways 2017 instruction manual asphalt plant technician\nCopyright © 2021 of Talenet Group all rights reserved", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This declares a pure virtual function, as opposed to a regular virtual function. Pure virtual functions are declared in base classes. Their effect is that every child class is required to implement this function. It can choose the implementation, but it has to be defined. This gives you a way to define a contract between a base and a child class, saying \"you can only derive from me if you implement this function\".", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In this week's BeagleCast, my blog post about getting a kernel running on my BeagleBoard-xM with CLFS got a mention. That's cool! But there seemed to be some confusion around what CLFS really is. Let me try to explain, in my own words:\nCLFS stands for Cross Linux From Scratch, it's an offshoot of the LFS (Linux From Scratch) project. The goal of both LFS and CLFS is to provide instruction on how to build a Linux system, step by step, from source. In both projects, first a toolchain is built and then a bootable GNU/Linux operating system is built using that toolchain. CLFS differs from LFS in that CLFS builds a GNU/Linux system for an architecture different than the one doing the building. For example, if I have an x86 based computer on my desk that I want to use to build GNU/Linux for a PowerPC system I just bought off eBay, I'd use CLFS rather than LFS.\nThe methods described by CLFS are very similar to the methods used by OpenEmbedded or Buildroot, but each step is described and there's very little automation. You literally manually build, step by step from upstream source, a toolchain and then a functioning GNU/Linux system. Throughout the books there is information on all the different choices you are required to make. For example: if targeting an ARM processor, when building GCC, you have to choose which ARM version to target, like \"armv7-a\" for Cortex-A8.\nThe CLFS project has three different books: Standard, Embedded, and Sysroot. The Standard book is the most developed book and mostly targets people who want to build a cross-compiled system for a desktop computer system. The Embedded book (the one I work on) builds a minimal GNU/Linux system using uClibc targeted at embedded devices where resources may be constrained. The Sysroot book uses a different technique to accomplish similar goals as the Standard book. Both the Standard and Embedded books are under active development, Sysroot hasn't been updated in a while.\nWhere OpenEmbedded and Buildroot hide a lot of the complexity of building a cross compiled version of GNU/Linux, CLFS hides almost nothing. Think of CLFS as more of a learning experience rather than a quick way to build a cross system. A big advantage of CLFS over an automated system is that errors are usually easy to identify, since everything's done manually you stay at the terminal and you'll probably watch the configure scripts and compiler output. If something doesn't look right, you will have a much better idea of where the problem is, if not what the problem is.\nIf you'd like to help with the CLFS project, or if you just have questions, come join the IRC channel (#cross-lfs) on Freenode and / or sign up for the clfs-support mailing list.\nPS: On Freenode (both in #cross-lfs and #beagle), I'm user \"bradfa\".", "label": "No"}
{"text": "There’s no greater time to teach the children about interdependence and the environment than during Earth Day. This is the day that we celebrate the living Earth that allows us to breathe. Without the trees, plants, water and soil, we wouldn’t be able to live.\nIt’s important to teach our future generations the importance of the Earth and this fun paper mache project will do just that. This activity is wonderful for large groups and team building. Give the children a chance to better understand what it means to help one another and appreciate each other’s work through Earth Day activities.\nIf you don’t have time to make the globe, you can use this ready made inflatable globe.\nThe downloadable document contains the list of materials you need, illustrated instructions and a sample picture.\nThis is a free document.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Who would ever guess that in 2011, one of the most popular television shows in the world is about fishing for crabs in “the vast Bering Sea.” Deadliest Catch premiered on the Discovery Channel on April 12, 2005 and currently airs in over 150 countries. If you don’t know, the show portrays the real life events aboard fishing vessels in the Bering Sea during the fall Alaskan king crab and the winter Opilio crab fishing seasons. With so much interest in the show and so much concern about climate change in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, it was just a matter of time before we explored the world of crabs and climate change.\nOur interest in this subject actually came about given a recent article in the Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. The article was produced by three scientists from Oregon; Stoner et al. acknowledge that “This study was conducted as part of the AKCRRAB Program (Alaska King Crab Research, Rehabilitation, and Biology) funded by the NOAA Aquaculture Program and the Alaska Sea Grant College Program.” They note in their introduction that “Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) (RKC) was the most economically valuable crustacean fishery in Alaska from the late 1960s, until the population collapse in the early 1980s. Both over-harvest and unfavorable environmental conditions probably contributed to low fishery recruitment. Various fishing closures have been imposed in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea for more than two decades, but the stocks have not recovered substantially.”\nRegarding any link to climate change, Stoner et al. state “Temperature is a dominant environmental factor that mediates the behavior, physiology, growth, survival, distribution, and recruitment of ectothermic animals living in temperate and high latitudes. Consequently, climate-driven changes in ocean conditions can cause significant fluctuations in the distribution and abundance of marine populations. In the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea, oceanographic regimes linked to climate conditions occur on a multi-decadal scale, and these climate cycles have been linked to major temporal shifts in the composition of marine fish and invertebrate communities. Longer-term trends in sea surface warming and loss of sea ice have already been observed in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea, and the potential impacts on economically important species are large.”", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Earthquakes occurring both within Otago and beyond its boundary can affect people and property within the region.\nThe risk of damage from earthquakes, depends on the magnitude, frequency, and nature of the earthquake; its distance from the subject area; and the susceptibility of the underlying ground to seismic shaking.\nSeismic activity can generate direct and indirect effects including ground shaking, surface rupture, liquefaction/settlement of soils, landslides, and the lateral spread of sediments towards water bodies. It can also generate tsunamis.\nVisit the Otago Civil Defence and Emergency Management website for information on what you should do to be prepared for an earthquake.\nThe Otago Natural Hazards Database provides information about:\n- Ground class (the nature of the sediment underlying a site). The ground class map classifies the Otago region into one of five geological categories – strong rock, rock, shallow soil, deep or soft soil, and very soft soil, based on the underlying geology.\n- The susceptibility of the land to liquefaction.\n- The likelihood and intensity of ground shaking associated with credible earthquake scenarios.\n- The location of known active faults.\nThe information identified in the first three items above is derived from a ‘regional scale’ report completed by Opus in 2005 (Seismic Risk in the Otago Region).\nThe liquefaction potential of land was also investigated in the Opus report. Areas were classified and mapped into three liquefaction susceptibility categories: ‘not susceptible’, ‘low susceptibility’ or ‘possibly susceptible’. An updated assessment of liquefaction hazard for the Dunedin District was completed in 2014, which uses a slightly different classification system. The assessment for the Dunedin District draws upon methods developed for liquefaction hazard evaluation in Canterbury following the 2010-11 earthquakes.\nAdditional information about the susceptibility of land to liquefaction will continue to be incorporated into the database, as it becomes available. This includes local scale, or site specific investigations. The location of known active faults is based on information supplied by GNS Science.\nTerms associated with earthquake hazard:\nSurface fault rupture is a seismic hazard most commonly restricted to the location where a fault meets the land surface. The land surface may displace sideways (move horizontally) and/or one side of the land surface may rise (move vertically) depending on the type of failure. While there is potential for surface rupture to occur along any of the active faults within the region, the risk that populated communities would be directly affected is low, with most of the known active faults located outside urban areas (except for the Cardrona Fault, which runs close to Wanaka and Albert Town). Surface fault rupture can cause extensive damage to structures and features located across them, such as transport networks and utilities, dwellings, floodbanks, and drainage channels.\nGround shaking, or the movement of seismic waves through the earth’s surface, is the most recognised seismic hazard, due to the propensity for people to feel it. The intensity of ground shaking felt at any location during an earthquake depends on many factors, such as the underlying soils, distance to the earthquake focus and the magnitude of the event. The impact on people and the environment, both built and natural, is greater with stronger shaking intensities.\nLiquefaction and settlement of soils. Liquefaction occurs when saturated fine grained sediments (such as sand and silt) are subjected to high intensity shaking and lose their ability to stay cohesive. As sediments are shaken, they act like a fluid or shaken jelly, causing deformation, settlement, and sometimes lateral spread towards rivers or lakes. Areas with unconsolidated sediments, soils, and high groundwater tables have a high risk exposure to liquefaction and settlement of soils. Locations close to active faults have a higher risk exposure to liquefaction due to more intense ground shaking.\nLateral spreading refers to the spread of sediments, often towards bodies of water such as a lake, as a result of seismically-induced shaking.\nEarthquake-induced landslides. A large earthquake with sufficient ground shaking could trigger the movement of existing landslides, or generate areas of new movement on slopes with an existing marginal stability.\nEarthquake-induced tsunami. The most likely source of tsunami events which may affect Otago’s eastern coastline are large earthquakes (magnitude > 8), which cause a vertical displacement of the seabed along a fault line. A smaller seismic event on a local offshore fault could also produce tsunami events along sections of Otago’s coast. Additional information about tsunami hazard is provided elsewhere.\nLearn about the Alpine Fault from Professor Tim Davies Read more", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The basic idea is as follows. We know that monetary exchange is not necessary, even in economies where mutually beneficial bilateral barter exchanges do not exist (what economists clumsily call a lack of double coincidence of wants). This is not simply a theoretical statement; we know of (and indeed most of us belong to) small economies (networks of families and friends) that operate according to \"gift giving\" principles. We are willing to make individual sacrifices without monetary compensation, hoping that they will be noticed, remembered, and most importantly, reciprocated at some point in the future.\nGift-giving societies seem to work well enough in small groups. This is probably because it is relatively easy to keep track of (remember) individual contributions and rewards in small groups. This \"societal memory\" seems to break down in large groups. Evidently, there are limitations to how much information can be recorded securely in the collective minds of people who make up society. When this is the case, some substitute form of memory could be useful. This is where money comes in.\nImagine that there is an object that is durable, divisible, portable, hard to counterfeit, and in limited supply. A lot of commodities fit this description, including gold, silver, and salt (think of what \"salary\" means). Historically, privately-issued paper in the form of asset-backed securities (like the banknotes of antebellum America) have also fit this description. In larger economies, objects like these begin to circulate as a means of payment. They become money.\nLet me explain the basic idea. In the past, I may have made a contribution to society for \"free.\" Well, not exactly for free; but because I knew that my contribution would be noticed and reciprocated. But as my community grows, it becomes increasingly difficult for people to keep track of each other's contributions. Well, if that's the case, then it might make sense to record my gift in some other manner. Accepting a monetary object is one way to do this. The money in my possession constitutes information about my past contributions to society. In the language of Narayana Kocherlakota (currently president of the Minneapolis Fed), money is memory.\nBecause commodities (including the physical capital that may back paper money) have uses in consumption and production, an implication of this is that society must bear a cost if such goods are tied up in facilitating exchanges. Their value in exchange generally means that they are priced above their \"fundamental\" value; that is, they possess a \"liquidity premium.\" (This is related to what Caballero calls an asset shortage.)\nNow, here is where fiat money potentially plays a role. According to the theory described above, the role of money is to encode a particular type of information (relating to individual trading histories). But information like a credit history is intrinsically useless (one cannot eat someone's credit history, for example). So rather than tying up intrinsically useful commodities to record intrinsically useless information, why not delegate the job to an intrinsically useless asset instead? Like the U.S. paper dollar, for example. (Electronic book-entry objects can work as well.)\nAccording to this view, the market value of fiat money consists exclusively of a liquidity premium. The asset has no intrinsic value, and yet it has a positive price. Fiat money is a \"bubble\" asset -- but this is a bubble that plays a useful social role (it economizes on commodities that have uses other than record-keeping).\nPrior to Ostroy's work, the answer to the question of how fiat money can possess exchange value was that its value is somehow supported by government decree (the original meaning of the word \"fiat\"). In particular, the government could introduce paper and insist that taxes be paid in government paper.\nA recent paper by William Luther and Lawrence White (Positively Valued Fiat Money after the Sovereign Disappears: The Case of Somalia) casts some doubt on the strength of the mechanism highlighted by this older view.\nEvidently, it is the case that the Somali shilling continues to circulate in that country long after the government that issued that paper collapsed in 1991. Here is a quote from the paper:\nOne of the most astounding phenomena of the domestic market is the continued circulation of the old Somali bank notes. The Somali currency has had no central bank to back it up since the bank was destroyed and looted in 1991. Nonetheless,the currency has maintained value, and has floated against other foreign currencies that are traded freely in local markets.One reason the shilling continues to maintain its value is no doubt related to the fact that it's supply can be trusted to remain relatively constant over time. In fact, it's supply may be contracting over time as notes wear out (I have heard stories of where old notes are laminated to make them more durable, but am unable to confirm this.) On the other hand, there is some evidence of counterfeiting; e.g.,\nPerhaps the most convincing evidence that the Somali shilling held a positive value in the absence of sovereign support, however, is that individuals found it profitable to counterfeit these notes. Mohammed Farah Aideed ordered roughly 165 billion Somali shillings in 1996 from the British American Banknote Company based in Ottawa, Canada. Another 60 billion Somali shillings were imported by Mogadishu businessmen in 2001. In total, an estimated 481 billion in unofficial Somali shilling notes have been printed since 1991.This counterfeiting phenomenon, however, does not appear to be excessive; and, indeed, it probably plays some positive role in keeping the supply of shillings relatively stable.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Port of Emden lies near the North Sea coast of East Frisia near the Ems River estuary in northwestern Germany. In spite of serious damage to the city in World War II, the port facilities were undamaged, and it became one of the busiest ports in Germany. Important industries include shipping and shipbuilding, auto assembly, and construction product manufacturing. In 2003, the population of the Port of Emden was over 51 thousand.\nPeople have lived in the area of the Port of Emden since the 8th Century. It has been known over the years as Amuthon, Embda, also Emda. The Port of Emden was granted city rights and a coat of arms in 1495 by Emperor Maximilian I.\nDuring the 1600s, the Port of Emden was a rich city, primarily due to the many immigrants from the Netherlands when it was a center for reformed Protestantism. During the Napoleonic era, it was part of the Kingdom of Holland.\nIndustrialization began in the Port of Emden about 1870 when a paper mill and a shipyard were built. At the end of that century, the Dortmund-Ems Canal was built, connecting Emden and the Ruhr area and making Emden the region’s major seaport (until the 1970s). With coal shipped from the south, the Port of Emden shipped iron ore over the Canal to Rhine and Ruhr. The Port of Emden saw its last iron ore freighter in 1986.\nThe North Sea Works, a huge shipyard that still exists, was established there in 1903. Most of the city was destroyed during bombing raids during World War II. On September 6, 1944, about 80% of all the houses in the city center were destroyed. All that survived the bombing was the remains of 1616 ramparts and a 1648 Gothic Church. However, the shipyard went untouched because the British were targeting civilian districts. On the 18th anniversary of the bombing, the reconstructed town was re-opened.\nToday, the Port of Emden’s main industries are production of automobiles and shipbuilding. The VW Passat is built at a big Volkswagen factory that employs about ten thousand people. Emden is one of Europe’s three major ports for the shipment of automobiles, and over 850 thousand cars moved through the port in 2005.\nThe Nordseewerke shipyard specializes in building conventional submarines and employs about 1400 workers. It also produces many types of cargo ships and specialized ships like ice-breakers and dredgers.\nTourism is another important part of the Port of Emden’s economy. Tourists stop there for day trips as they visit other areas on the coast of the North Sea.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Last lesson I was talking a lot about Kimono, so today I will start to show you more about obi and their ranks, too. This will be easier than Kimono, don’t worry. 😉\nI guess you all know, but just in case: the obi (帯) would be translated with belt and you tie it over the Kimono. The obi keeps the Kimono together, thus it won’t slip. To tie an obi you mostly need two things which are called obiage (帯揚げ) and obishime (帯締め).\nDepending on the color of obi, obiage, and obishime the appearance of the Kimono can change completely. 😉\nRoughly, there are four types of obi and they all have a rank.\n① The lowest rank is the so called hanhaba obi (半幅帯), which characteristic is that it is half-wide than the other obi.\nNormally, you tie it over a yukata, but you also my tie it over a komon, an edo komon (without kamon), or iromuji (without kamon). Because hanhaba obi are casual, they are not tied over a tsukesage, homongi or other formal Kimono.\n② The middle-ranked nagoya obi (名古屋帯) can be tied more differently. From yukata until homongi would be fine. The characteristic of a nagoya obi can be found in his form, as it is already folded except of the part, which will become the taiko (太鼓).\nThere are two types of nagoya obi: one has some kind of a lining inside and one without lining. The ones with lining have a higher rank than those without. Even the pattern can be different. Very popular one is the so-called point gara (ポイントがら) which is a pattern placed in the middle of the front and in the middle of the taiko part.\n③ A very formal type of obi is the so called fukuro obi. They are not folded and longer than nagoya obi. You coordinate them to formal Kimono, that means edo komon with kamon and higher. As fukuro obi are long (up to 4.5 meters), you can’t tie a normal taiko. The most common tying would be a nijutaiko (二重太鼓), there also can be tied big ribbons (chohmusubi 蝶結び) and other specific tying which are called kawari musubi (変わり結び).\nOn the left picture you can see pretty well that on part of the obi is without pattern and just black. This is the difference to the next type of obi.\n④ The last type and highest rank is the maru obi (丸帯). It is the most formal obi. The usage doesn’t really change to fukuro obi, except that maru obi have pattern on the inside and outside without interruption. Today they are mostly tied to wedding Kimono, because they are expensive. Another consequence of their high price is that nowadays they are not bought that often. Most maru obi you see online are antique.\nSo far with the basic terminology. Later we will learn more about Kimono and their ranks as well as their coordination which can rank a Kimono up or down.\nLast week I was too busy with work, so I couldn’t take any pictures of my own obi or obi musubi. But hopefully I can add at least some obi musubi pictures next week.\nP.S.: If you liked the obi examples, you should take a look here Shinei !! 😉\nFollow me on Instagram\nRead more about kimono, Kumamoto, and me at japandigest.de", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The guardhouse was where visitors to the airfield would sign in and out as well as other important administrative tasks. The building was also where prisoners were often temporarily held, and cells or a detention room were usually included within the structure.\nMotor Transport Shed\nThe Motor Transport section was responsible for the garaging, maintenance and repair of all the vehicles on the airfield. The buildings used for this purpose are therefore an important part of the technical site. There are various designs over time and according to the type of airfield. The largest Second World War design included sixteen bays and was 200ft by 28ft but the most common type was a four-bay shed.\nFirst World War Home Defence airfields were equipped with offices that were used as a Squadron Headquarters, near the entrance to the airfield. The building was divided into three offices, for clerks, officers and the station commander. The standard Royal Flying Corps office was 15ft wide and 45ft long. As with other buildings, new designs and alterations came into use, the 1930s saw a protected roof design being the most common at bomber stations. This consisted of a two-storey central structure, with annexes added as needed, for a meteorological office for example.\nThe Station Headquarters building at West Raynham, 30 October 2014.\nThe 1920s design for the standard operations room for stations was a brick building, similar to a bungalow. At fighter stations they were protected by 6ft of earthworks. The structure included the operations room, signals office, wireless room, battery room, PBX, store and W/T (Wireless Telegraphy) Workshop. Other rooms were added in later examples, with the 1930s design adding significant roof protection as well as a 9ft high wall with an angled bank to deflect bomb blasts.\nThe Operations Block at Yatesbury, 13 December 2014.\nFirst World War workshops were built to a design 110ft by 30ft. The main part was used as an engine repair shop while a smaller section was used for a blacksmith, coppersmith and welder. In the 1920s the Home Defence design was a U-shaped building for three squadrons. Further designs were developed in the 1930s during the expansion period, including a design with two main wings with gabled ends, with a flat roofed machine shop between the two. Second World War versions used two Nissen huts instead of the wings of the previous design, with a smaller Nissen hut between them.\nThe Station Workshop at Llandwrog, 18 June 2019.\nMain stores buildings were used for the storage of items like clothing as well as technical equipment. These items were unloaded at the receiving bay at the rear of the building. Expansion period designs were of an E-shaped structure, the left-hand wing was generally used for technical store, while the right-hand wing was used for non-technical stores. During the Second World War the main stores buildings consisted of two 16-bay Nissen huts adjacent to each other, connected to two more at the front and rear.\nThe Main Stores buildings at Tain, 12 September 2018.\nThe Battle Headquarters is an underground office for the control of airfield defence. If a building couldn’t be adapted a purpose built structure was constructed with walls 13.5 inches thick. It contained a PBX, office, a room for messengers and runners and an observation post. The concrete observation post was usually the only part visible above ground.\nThe Battle Headquarters at Tilstock, 7 May 2017.\nVarious types of pillbox were used for airfield defence. The Pickett-Hamilton retractable pillbox was formed of two large concrete pipes, one sliding into the other. Three were installed on the landing area of the airfield. The Allan Williams turret was a dome shape and on a curved rail so as to give a 360° field of fire. The Tett Turret was similar but only 13 inches were above ground and it was constructed from reinforced concrete.\nParachutes became standard equipment in 1927 and with that came the need to store, and importantly dry, the parachutes. The building needed to be able to sustain a dry atmosphere with good ventilation and a temperature between 55°F and 65°F. There also needed to be room to hang the parachutes without the silk touching the floor. The subsequent rectangular design was used, with some alterations over time. A key part of the design was the porch that allowed the outer door to shut before the inner one was opened.\nThe parachute store at Tholthorpe, 14 October 2012.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Social orphanhood is one of the most distressing phenomena of modern life, as the child, whose parents are alive, becomes an orphan.\nPrevention is one of the most promising and important activities in efforts to address social orphanhood as it is easier to prevent than to fight it.\nPriority task in prevention of social orphanhood is the importance of supporting and enhancing the status of social and family health. After all, a happy family is not the one that has no problems, but the one that finds the strength to deal with them.\nWith the launch of the project \"Technology prevention of child abandonment\" in four regions of Ukraine (the regions are being selected) the Charitable Foundation \"Development of Ukraine\" plans to take the following measures:\n- teach social workers (whose appearance was promoted by the fund) new methods of work with a family at different stages of life circumstances, to prevent removal of the child from the family - reducing the amount of deprivation of parental rights, reducing the number of children entering institutions without deprivation of parental rights, or at the request of parents, etc.\n- improve the quality of social services provided by social workers for children and families who are in difficult life circumstances (DLC);\n- to offer tested technologies of social services for children and families in DLC;\n- to open a facility (Mother and Child Centre in Kiev)for prevention of orphanhood\n- in partnership with the British organization \"Lumos\" to conduct a study in the Dnipropetrovsk region, one of the tasks of the study is to evaluate the quality of social services, the understanding of \"weaknesses\" in their work and ways to strengthen them. As a result of this study to get a clear understanding of the problems of the region, about the problems that may arise in the implementation of the strategy \"Moving from the system of residential institutions to a range of local services focused on the individual needs of children and their families.\"\nNews by tag \"Social Orphanhood: Technologies for Prevention\"", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Rynecki's drive and ambition to paint came early in life and it came from within. When he was five years old he used chalk and crude brushed to paint on the walls and floors of his parents' home. As he grew older, he always carried a sketchbook with him so that he could quickly draw that which caught his attention-people, their expressions, their hands.\nWhile Rynecki spent much of his life painting the Jewish community, he also witnessed a great deal of change to his country, from the almost constant political turmoil that characterized Poland's brief independence between the World Wars, to the onset of Soviet aggression, and Nazi brutality at the start of the Second World War.\nRynecki, much to his son's dismay, willingly lived inside the walls of the Warsaw Ghetto. While his son warned him that the Nazi forced were not to be trusted, he only said, \"If you are right my son, then let me go where my brothers and sisters go. And if it's death, so be it.\" Ultimately, Rynecki was deported to the Majdanek concentration camp where he perished.\nPayment & Security\nYour payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Introduction to GalatiansEdit\nAuthorship and Date: Galatians is one of the New Testament books of the Bible. It is an “epistle” or “letter.”\nThe author of Galatians, according to the prescript of the letter is Paul. He was an early Christian leader, known to us from the account of him ministry reported in the last half of the book of Acts. Some radical 19th century scholars challenged his authorship of all of the NT letters bearing his name. But today virtually all scholars include Galatians among the letters that were almost certainly written by the Saul, the Pharisaic persecutor of Christians turne Christian missionary.\nThere is no comparable agreement on the question of when Paul's letter to the Galatians was written. Although Galatians is the fourth letter in the New Testament, following the four Gospels and Acts, this sequence does not reflect the actual order in which they were written. By comparing Galatians to Paul's other letters, some have argued that it may have been one of the earlier letters, there is no way to be certain when it was written.\nOrigin and Address: Also, although Ephesus is questioned as the place of origin, it is important to note that there are many suggestions and none of them where anything other than possibilities (Freedman 872). However, the letter is addressed to the churches of Galatia, though there are a few different hypothesis of where these churches were located. The “North Galatians” and “South Galatians” hypothesis are known to describe the Territory or the province of Galatia. Yet because the information describing these hypothesis in both Paul’s first missionary campaign in the book of Acts and that of Galatians does not line up very well, it is more likely that the churches were located in Central Anatolia. This was an area where Celtic tribes had settled.\nLiterary analysis: The writing that happens within Galatians is thought to be the “apologetic” type of letter. According to Freedman, “The letter frame consists of an epistolary prescript naming the co-sender and the sender, and the addressees and a conclusion with an expanded salutation and doxology. The epistolary postscript, handwritten in the original … concludes with a blessing. The body of the letter is a compositional unit containing the typical features of a defense speech” (873).\nIntroduction to Galatians 4Edit\nUp till this point Paul has addressed the Churches of Galatia in previous chapters. He has mentioned to them his astonishment with there deserting the gospel, what he teaches is from Jesus Christ, and reminds them of his past and how far he has come. He went from persecuting the Church of God until he received God’s grace. He talks about his opposition with peter over how poorly James was acting towards Gentiles after he had been around the Jews. He expresses how he died to the law and now lives in Christ fully. He talks about the righteous living by faith not the law. He then states that the law is not all bad, as long as it leads to the promise made first by God. The law that is to be followed is by faith to lead us to Christ. Now that this faith has come, the law is not our supervision.\nParaphrase of Galatians 4Edit\nSons of GodEdit\n26 Everyone who has faith in Christ is a child of God. 27 If you have been baptized in Christ then you are covered in Christ. 28 There is no such thing as social, racial, or ethical distinctions when it comes to those who belong in the body of Christ. 29 Those who have faith in Christ are rightful heirs of Abraham. 1 A child, though they may be an heir, is like a slave. 2 The child must listen to and obey their guardians and submit to them until they are given their inheritance. 3 Likewise, we were under control and slaves to old teachings while we were children. 4 When the time came though, God sent Jesus. 5 He sent him to save those that were under the law, so that we may receive our inheritance, our rights as children. 6 Because we are children of God, He sent the Holy Spirit into us, the Holy Spirit that calls God Father. 7 Therefore we are no longer slaves, but rightful children of God, and being rightful children of God we are heirs to Him.\nPaul's Concern for the GalatiansEdit\n8 Before you knew God, you were slaves to those who were not gods, and never were. 9 Now that you know God, or at least you are known by him, how can you possibly go back to your old ways that were not good to begin with? Do you want to be trapped by them all over again? 10 You are practicing all the important dates and seasons that are were significant to your old ways, showing you still care about the things you used to do. 11 I am afraid that I have wasted my time on you because even now you return to your old miserable ways. 12 I beg you to try to do as I did. try to see things my way, in the same way that I have for you. You have always been good to me. 13 You know that even when I was sick I still preached to you for the first time. 14 And even though I was sick you still accepted me with the best intentions. In the same manner you would have accepted God himself. 15 Why has this changed? Before you would have given anything up to be kind to me? 16 Are you now upset with me for only trying to tell you the truth? 17 Other people are determined to get you one there side, for no good reason at all. They just want to keep you from seeing things our way, so that you will join their side and not come to ours. 18 It is fine to be determined if you are doing so over good things. But make it something you do always, and it cannot be just when I am with you. 19 The pain is almost to much to handle, that I have for you that I consider like my children, you have so much growing to do. 20 I wish I could be present there with you to change or better express how I feel, but I am so shocked by you!\nHagar and SarahEdit\n21 So you say you want to live by the law and all it’s rules, but do you really even know what that means? 22 Let’s take a look at Abraham. He had two sons, one of them he had with a slave, the other he had with he had with his wife. 23 His son born of the slave women was conceived as a way of fulfilling God’s promise on his own, but his son that came from his wife was born because of God’s promise. 24 I am using these two women as an example. The slave woman, Hagar, represents Mount Sinai and her children are born slaves. 25 What I am saying is that Jerusalem is now like Mount Sanai in Arabia because she and her children live in slavery to the law. 26 But that is not how it has to be. There is a also a free Jerusalem, whose mother is Sarah. 27 Remember what the prophet Isaiah wrote: “Be happy you who does not have a child. Be excited you have never even been in labor. Because you will indeed have more children then this women with her husband.” 28 Friends just as Isaac was the child of a promise of God, so too are we! 29 Don’t you see what is going on, just as Ismael made life difficult on Isaac so those who are trying to force the law down our throats are doing now. 30 But look too the bible, reminds us to get rid of the slave women and her child, that they do not have a place at the table with free women and her son. 31 So friends remember we are not children of the slave women, but of the free women!\nGalatians 3:26--4:31 (NIV)Edit\n|Galatians 4: (NIV)|\nSons of God\n26You are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus, 27for all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. 28There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. 29If you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise. 1What I am saying is that as long as the heir is a child, he is no different from a slave, although he owns the whole estate. 2He is subject to guardians and trustees until the time set by his father. 3So also, when we were children, we were in slavery under the basic principles of the world. 4But when the time had fully come, God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under law, 5to redeem those under law, that we might receive the full rights of sons. 6Because you are sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, the Spirit who calls out, \"Abba, Father.\" 7So you are no longer a slave, but a son; and since you are a son, God has made you also an heir.\nPaul's Concern for the Galatians\n8Formerly, when you did not know God, you were slaves to those who by nature are not gods. 9But now that you know God—or rather are known by God—how is it that you are turning back to those weak and miserable principles? Do you wish to be enslaved by them all over again? 10You are observing special days and months and seasons and years! 11I fear for you, that somehow I have wasted my efforts on you. 12I plead with you, brothers, become like me, for I became like you. You have done me no wrong. 13As you know, it was because of an illness that I first preached the gospel to you. 14Even though my illness was a trial to you, you did not treat me with contempt or scorn. Instead, you welcomed me as if I were an angel of God, as if I were Christ Jesus himself. 15What has happened to all your joy? I can testify that, if you could have done so, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me. 16Have I now become your enemy by telling you the truth?\n17Those people are zealous to win you over, but for no good. What they want is to alienate you from us, so that you may be zealous for them. 18It is fine to be zealous, provided the purpose is good, and to be so always and not just when I am with you. 19My dear children, for whom I am again in the pains of childbirth until Christ is formed in you, 20how I wish I could be with you now and change my tone, because I am perplexed about you!\nHagar and Sarah\n21Tell me, you who want to be under the law, are you not aware of what the law says? 22For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman and the other by the free woman. 23His son by the slave woman was born in the ordinary way; but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a promise. 24These things may be taken figuratively, for the women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar. 25Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present city of Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children. 26But the Jerusalem that is above is free, and she is our mother. 27For it is written: \"Be glad, O barren woman, who bears no children; break forth and cry aloud, you who have no labor pains; because more are the children of the desolate woman than of her who has a husband.\"\n28Now you, brothers, like Isaac, are children of promise. 29At that time the son born in the ordinary way persecuted the son born by the power of the Spirit. It is the same now. 30But what does the Scripture say? \"Get rid of the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman's son will never share in the inheritance with the free woman's son.\" 31Therefore, brothers, we are not children of the slave woman, but of the free woman.\n- Chapter 3\n- Verses 26-29: Baptism into Christ\n- By being baptized, believers are unified with Christ, regardless of social status, ethnicity, or gender\n- Verses 26-29: Baptism into Christ\n- Chapter 4\n- Verses 1-7: Through Christ we are brought into inheritance as children of God\n- Children were not unlike slaves\n- Stresses Jesus as a human\n- Contrast between being enslaved in human condition and the freedom Christ brings to God's children\n- Verses 8-11: The Galatians fall back into bondage\n- Paul says that the observances of the Galatians has returned them to a state similar to that of their pre-Christian enslavement\n- Verses 12-20: Paul speaks about his close relationship with the Galatians\n- He is distressed about the direction in which the Galatians are headed\n- Verses 21-31: The allegory of Hagar and Sarah\n- The two women represent two covenants\n- Hagar, a slave woman who bore a child of Abraham, refers to the descendents of Abraham who are preoccupied with following the law\n- Sarah, a free woman who also bore a child of Abraham, refers to those who have become the heirs of God by accepting Christ\n- Verses 1-7: Through Christ we are brought into inheritance as children of God\nVerse by Verse AnalysisEdit\nSons of God: Galatians 3:26--4:7Edit\n26You are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus,\nHere the term \"sons\" is translated to mean \"children\". Paul states that all are sons of God, alluding to how Jesus' death and resurrection has means that all can be save through faith in Christ, not just the Jews who were followers of the law. Scripture tells us that all humans are under the same condition, that is we are all slaves to the bondage of sin, and Christ has redeemed all who have faith in him, not just a certain race or people (Longenecker 151-54).\n27for all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ.\nPaul's statement here is referring and putting an emphasis on having faith in Christ. This is a huge part of Paul's doctrine and this faith in and relationship with Christ is the cornerstone for what Paul has to say about salvation(1). It is important to recognize that baptism implies becoming a part of a community of believers, it is not merely an individualistic commitment to follow Christ. At a time when Paul is trying to redefine who the people of God are (from followers of the law to followers of Christ), he is stressing community and family among believers (Longenecker 154-56).\n28There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.\nIn verse 28, Paul once again bring up the fact because of our human condition, and because of what Christ has done for us, it does not matter what race, gender, ethnicity, social standing, etc. we are.\n29If you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise.\nEarlier in the chapter of Galatians (3:16), Paul says that Christ is the seed of Abraham. Here he is saying if we belong to Christ, then we are both seeds of Abraham, as well as heirs according to the promise. This is very important for Gentile Christians who were not under the law because it relates them \"directly to Abraham and God's covenental promise\" (Hays). Being an heir once again refers to being a child of God, but notice how Paul does not say that we are all God's children, only those who belong to Christ.\n1What I am saying is that as long as the heir is a child, he is no different from a slave, although he owns the whole estate.2He is subject to guardians and trustees until the time set by his father.\nA child is like a slave except for in one way -- the fact that when they are of age, they will receive the inheritance and the estate will be theirs. Until then though, the child is \"no different\" than a slave. They have to obey the orders given to them by their guardians. Here Paul is saying that the law is like the \"guardians and trustees\" and that \"the time set by his father\" is when God sent Christ. The term that Paul uses for the word child is nepios, which means minor. By using this, Paul could have been merely referring to the legal incompetence of the child, but it also could be used to mean spiritual immaturiy (Longenecker; Hays).\n3So also, when we were children, we were in slavery under the basic principles of the world.\nThe phrase \"basic principles of the world\" is derived from the Greek, ta stoicheia tou kosmou which refers to a series of something or components of a series. There are many different meaning that the phrase could mean including the basic elements (water, fire, earth, and air), teachings and principles that are fundamental and rudimentary, heavenly bodies such as stars, and spirits such as demons and angels (Hays). Most likely in Paul's case, he is referring to the old teachings, or referring to the basic things that everything is made up of. (Hays)\n4But when the time had fully come, God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under law,5to redeem those under law, that we might receive the full rights of sons.\nWhen the right time comes, a father turns over his inheritance to his child, and that child is no longer a slave. In the same way, God sent Jesus to live among us as a human, was subjected to the law, and eventually crucified and risen again. Through his death and resurrection, and by putting or faith in him we receive our inheritance and become no longer slaves, but sons and heirs of God.\n6Because you are sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, the Spirit who calls out, \"Abba, Father.\"7So you are no longer a slave, but a son; and since you are a son, God has made you also an heir.\nWithout Jesus, we would have remained in slavery, but since God loves us, bestowed His grace upon us and He sent Jesus so that we may be freed from slavery (if you put your faith in Christ). Because we are the children of God, we are also His heirs and we receive the inheritance that He gives us.\nPaul's Concern for the Galatians: Galatians 4:8-20Edit\n8Formerly, when you did not know God, you were slaves to those who by nature are not gods.\nThere is a definite sign that Paul is stressing whatever enslaves these people are not only not God, but in fact not gods at all (Longenecker 179). The Pagans used to worship what they believed to be gods, but Paul is making sure to at least not give them the authority that he gives to God. Though it has been mentioned in another of Paul’s letters that they are possibly demonic implications, it is not stated here; only that whatever enslaves them is not a god (Keck 287).\n9But now that you know God—or rather are known by God—how is it that you are turning back to those weak and miserable principles? Do you wish to be enslaved by them all over again?\nIn the question that this verse proposes, Paul correcting his own statement draws attention to God “knowing” them. He took action in being in relationship with them (Longenecker 180). By going back to their old ways they are making a “conversion in reverse (Keck 287). Paul is pointing this out to them without actually having to come straight out and say it. Paul also commenting on them being weak can be a reference to the weakness that was considered of Idols or in reference to the law. This might be mentioned to point out that God has already defeated something that was this weak (Keck 287).\n10You are observing special days and months and seasons and years!\nBy stating this Paul is re-affirming that they have in fact gone back to there old ways, and that they are following certain laws, for perhaps some time now (Longenecker 182). This could be Paul stating something about the specific practice they are enslaved by or the idea that the law will enslave them as other practices have before (Keck 288).\n11I fear for you, that somehow I have wasted my efforts on you.\nAfter an explanation of why, Paul now expresses a fear for the Galatians; a fear that his work has bee in vain. This fear shows that Paul already sees the action of the Galatians returning to their old ways, and is afraid that through his teaching they might return altogether (Keck 288). Also the mix of past and present tense give the idea that though the action has already begun, the end result is yet to take place (Longenecker 183). This helps set the context for the next part of the passage. If the final outcome is not yet decided, Paul is able to give the Galatians an opportunity. This part of the passage changes in dynamic giving it“Hellenistic” type writing form (Longenecker 188). This would not have been uncommon for Galatia (Freedman 870). This might even stand as an option to a religion they would have practiced, though this is not mentioned in this passage (George 310). Paul has been very forward to this point and now he gets more personal.\n12I plead with you, brothers, become like me, for I became like you. You have done me no wrong.\nThe personal appeal comes out in this verse with Paul’s use of the word “brothers.” His pleading gives the emotional state needed to understand how passionate he is for the Galatians to see the significance of what they must do (Longenecker 189). Paul was not being arrogant by his request for the Galatians to be like him, because in his context it was right for the teacher to serve as a model for others to imitate. He is also showing that he too had to break away from the law in order to follow what was right, so he was like them (Keck 293).\n13As you know, it was because of an illness that I first preached the gospel to you. 14Even though my illness was a trial to you, you did not treat me with contempt or scorn. Instead, you welcomed me as if I were an angel of God, as if I were Christ Jesus himself.\nThere is some question as to what type of illness occasioned Paul's unplanned first visit to Galatia; but this was why he had to go there. This allowed him to preach the gospel there, but it also could have presented a problem. The Galatians could have rejected Paul, especially with the extra trouble of him being ill (Keck 294). Paul draws attention to this kindness, though he knew it was a trial to them, they still accepted him with joy, and some believe this to be comparing Jesus crucifixion and inflictions as well (Keck 294).\n15What has happened to all your joy? I can testify that, if you could have done so, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me. 16Have I now become your enemy by telling you the truth?\nPaul once again is able to point out this “conversion in reverse” idea by expressing that he is now seen more as an enemy; this idea that a change is taking place. He is not saying that they are treating him this way necessarily, but that they speak of him this way. He wants to understand why it is that this has changed (Keck 294). He even expresses that he is only telling the truth. He is expressing that the once strong relationship that they had, has now disappeared. There is a possible comparison hear to Ephesians emphasis in chapter 4 of speaking the truth out of love as a cure to false teaching, something that Paul later mentions as a possibility to what is happening to the Galatians (George 326).\n17Those people are zealous to win you over, but for no good. What they want is to alienate you from us, so that you may be zealous for them.18It is fine to be zealous, provided the purpose is good, and to be so always and not just when I am with you.\nPaul transitions in this verse to talking about those having influence on the Galatians, or at least attempting to. It sounds a bit like a “us and them” argument, which side are you going to choose. Paul is giving the Galatians the impression that the only reason these other people are pay them any attention is to get them away from Paul. Then the others can capture the Galatians interest even more (Longenecker 194). Paul’s does not even mention who these people are, only that they are up to know good. Without this explanation it is clear that the Galatians knew who Paul was referring to (Keck 295). In addition, Paul suggest that it is okay to show this kind of interesting, but in good things only. Not just when he is there, but when he is not and others try to pursue them.\n19My dear children, for whom I am again in the pains of childbirth until Christ is formed in you,\nAt this point Paul is showing great emotion and affection through his concern for the Galatians. This picture of Paul as a mother to the his children, not only shows how he cares for them but that they still have growth that must take place (Longenecker 195). Paul’s comparison shows that pain that is caused by watching them turn back, the possibility that perhaps Paul is considering what that he may have to start all over again with the Galatians, or the idea of the Galatians need to be born again (Keck 296).\n20how I wish I could be with you now and change my tone, because I am perplexed about you!\nThis show that Paul has the urge to be present with the Galatians, but could not at this time. He does not feel as though he can do much from a distance whether it be to change his tone or to change there minds (Keck 296) Further, it shows that Paul still seeks their relationship even through his frustration. We see the repetition of verse 11, and Paul’s true worry for the Galatians (George, 331).\nHagar and Sarah: Galatian 4:21-31Edit\n21Tell me, you who want to be under the law, are you not aware of what the law says?\nPaul in this section begins to change his tone (Matera 168). Paul here is challenging the Galatians to really think about what it means to be under the law. In referencing those “who want to be under the law” Paul is stating that those Jewish Christians who were leaning towards living under the law and were even beginning to observe Jewish practices have not yet gone all the way, observing all the law’s practices. What Paul is really asking is whether they really hear fully what the law is saying (Hays 300). In phrasing his plea this way Paul is encouraging the Galatians to really think seriously about the ramifications of what they are seeking to do (Rapa 616).\n22it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman and the other by the free woman.\nIt is here in the text that Paul mentions Abraham for the last time. Instead of reading the story out of Genesis or quoting it Paul decides to briefly give a recap of the Abraham story (Hays 300) Paul’s reasoning for this had to do with the fact that much of the Judaizers arguments must have been based on Abraham and the fact that the Jewish people had descended from Abraham, and believed that the “blessings” of God were theirs because of this. Paul’s reasoning for this type of argument was not to deny the Jewish people descending from Abraham, but to remind them that Abraham had two sons, and to ask the question which of the two children they would be (Gaebelein 482).\nIt should be noted here that Abraham did have more than two sons, but the debate here would have been between Isaac and Ishmael. Those Paul was writing too would have known that the slave women was Hagar and that the free women is Sarah. It would be important to know that Paul does not use Sarah’s name but refers to her as the free women. This differs with the Genesis account where Hagar is referred to as the “slave women” while Sarah is not called the “free women”. Paul’s is purposefully make a point to set up a dichotomy between slave and free (Hays 300-301)\n23His son by the slave woman was born in the ordinary way; but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a promise.\nPaul here begins to look at the significance of the son of the slave women and the son of the free women. Paul makes the point that Ishmael, who was born of the slave women Hagar, was born out of natural conception which occurred when Sarah, not trusting God to follow through on His promise of a child, had Abraham have a baby with Hagar. Paul then compares this with Isaac who was born of a promise since Sarah was beyond the age of child barring (Hays 301). Paul’s point here is not that it was a divine conception, but that while Abraham and Sarah had slept together the conception of the baby was a fulfillment of God’s promise (Longenecker 208).\n24These things may be taken figuratively, for the women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar.\nPaul, using allegorical language which would have been understood in that day, talks of these two women representing two different covenants. The two covenants that Paul was talking about here are first the covenant made on Mt. Sinai known as the law which puts people in slavery, and the covenant of promise that God makes with Abraham.\nWhat Paul is saying here is that the Judaizers are like the slave women’s child, in that they are conceived by man. Yet the child of the free women represent those who put their faith not in the law, but in Christ because as they do so they are saved through their faith in Christ, and not by their own works (Hays 301-302) In using the term “bearing children” Paul is saying that those who are living under the law are converting Christians who live by the law, while those who live by the promise of Christ are producing Christians who live by grace (Hays 302).\n25Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present city of Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children\nVerse twenty-five has at times been difficult for commentators in that it raises questions as to why Paul compares “Hagar” to Mount Sinai. For Paul the connection would have been a reference to Moses receiving the law on Mount Sinai. As the women Hagar was a slave, so too do those who live under the law produce slaves to that law (Hays 302-303).\nThe comparison then too Jerusalem is twofold. The first is that Jerusalem was in a sense a base operation for those Jewish Christians who wanted to follow the law, and as such had caused Paul of causing problems along the way. What Paul is saying is that just as the slave women’s child was born a slave so too are those Jewish Christians born a slave because they are under the law (Matera 169-170). The second picture here for Paul would have been of Jerusalem which still very much symbolized Israel. However the point he was making here is that Jerusalem is not a free place for the Jewish people, but is in fact in slavery to Rome (Hays 303).\n26But the Jerusalem that is above is free, and she is our mother\nPaul in earlier verses has used the word “covenant” and has specifically tied Hagar or the “slave women” too one of two covenants he has mentioned. Paul here does not go back to the word covenant to describe the free women, but switches gears and brings up the idea of a heavenly Jerusalem. For the Jewish people this eschatological Jerusalem from above would have been an idea they would have been familiar with (Martyn 440). This Jerusalem, which can be found in the scriptures, would have represented the final exclamation point in God’s redemptive plan at work throughout human history (Longenecker 213).\nIt is here that Paul says that this heavenly Jerusalem “is our mother.” It is interesting that while Paul is making that connection here, Sarah is never referred to with the title of “mother” in the Genesis texts (Martyn 440). It is here that the symbolism that Paul is using represents a double meaning.\nFirst is Sarah who was too be the Mother of a promise, the mother of a free people. Paul is saying to the Galatians that we like the children of Sarah are a free people because of Christ (Rapa 617).\nSecond, Paul in drawing upon the Jerusalem from “above” and is saying that the Holy City Jerusalem, the “eschatological Zion” is “symbolically the mother of God’s own people” (Longenecker 215).\n|Hagar, the slave women||Sarah, the free women|\n|Ishmael, of natural birth||Isaac, of supernatural birth|\n|The Present Jerusalem||The Heavenly Jerusalem|\n- (Gaebelein 483)\n27For it is written: \"Be glad, O barren woman, who bears no children; break forth and cry aloud, you who have no labor pains; because more are the children of the desolate woman than of her who has a husband.\"\nHere Paul quotes from Isahia 54:1, and compares his argument of Hagar and Sarah with the prophets text. The verse that Paul quotes from was written at a time when the Babylonians had taken over and were running rough shot over Jerusalem. The Babylonians would have mocked the God of Israel. They would have rubbed it in that Israel, who was to be God’s chosen people, had in effect been abandoned by God and were left out on their own as a result of turning their backs on him (Martyn 442-443).\nFor the prophet Isaiah this would not have been out of the question. The idea that for a season God had allowed Israel to feel the destruction of her sin would not have been a foreign concept (Martyn 442-443). Yet in this text that Paul is quoting the prophet is saying that because of God’s covenantal love He has not abandoned Israel and that God will bring Israel out of captivity and restore Jerusalem (Gaebelein 484).\nIt is here that Paul makes the connection between the barren women in Isaiah’s text and Sarah who was in fact barren before having Isaac. Thus just as Israel was barren during the exile, God later restored her, and so too barren Sarah was later barren no more as God gave her a child (Hays 304). The further implication here is that this New Jerusalem, which represents Christians, will indeed have more children than the present Jerusalem which represents the Judaizers (Matera 171)\n28Now you, brothers, like Isaac, are children of promise\nPaul takes the main argument of the Judaizers, that they are children of the promise because of their Jewish heritage, and turns it on its head by saying that the Gentile believers, as well as Jewish believers are children of the promise. The idea here is that they did not gain salvation by earning it based on following the law, but by grace through faith in Christ (Matera 171).\n29At that time the son born in the ordinary way persecuted the son born by the power of the Spirit. It is the same now.\nIn this verse Paul looks back to the twenty-first chapter of Genesis where it says that Ishmael “played” with Isaac. Some translations of this word “played” however look at it in a negative way, saying that Ishmael was somehow mocking or making life difficult for Isaac. This is the translation that Paul is bringing to the text (Matera 171). What he is saying is that just as Ishmael, “persecuted” Isaac so too are the Judaizers hurting the Galatians by trying to make them live under the law. It is important to note here that for the first time in this section the reference between Isaac and the Christians who were born of the Spirit (Hays 305). Also important to the text is that Paul here is not throwing all Jewish Christians under the buss, but is specifically talking about those Judaizers who are trying to stir things up for the Galatians by trying to get them to live under the law (Matera 171).\n30-31But what does the Scripture say? \"Get rid of the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman's son will never share in the inheritance with the free woman's son.\"Therefore, brothers, we are not children of the slave woman, but of the free woman.\nIn this verse we see that Paul has now fully turned the argument against the Judaizers. He has taken the arguments that the Judaizers thought they had in their back pocket and turned it on them by identifying them with Hagar and Ishmael. On the flip side Paul has made the argument that the Gentile Christians should be identified with the free women. Paul’s technique has allowed him to make the case to those who want to live under the law that doing so is not the best way to live, that we are called to be free. In concluding this section of his argument Paul now quotes from the law to make his point that they should get rid of those who are making this argument (Matera 171-172).\nPaul here jumps back to the Abraham narrative and quotes from Sarah. When Paul writes to “Get rid of the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with the free woman’s son.” Here Paul is taking from what Sarah said of Hagar and Ishmael and turns it against the Judaizers. His point here is that the “inheritance” goes to the children of the free women, and not the slave women (Hays 306). It is important to note here that Paul does not name Isaac in this section, but calls him the “son of the free woman” in order to emphasize freedom (Matera 171). The ramifications of this is that those not under the law are in fact under grace because of their faith in Christ. Following the law is not what brings one into right relationship with God, but the free grace of Christ is what invites us into relationship (Rapa 618-619).\nThe word “Therefore” in verse thirty-one is important to this section because it sums up Paul’s entire argument (Gaebelein 485).\nTheological Implications for TodayEdit\nWhile Paul’s argument in Galatians four was to a specific place and people, what he was arguing still has implications for the church today. What Paul was arguing to the Galatians was that because of what Christ had done they no longer had to live under the law. Paul argues that living under the law equates to living in slavery. He goes on to say that to live through the Spirit is to live a life of freedom from the law, it is this life for Paul that the Christian community should seek to live out.\nIn today’s church we often face many similar issues to those of Paul’s day. Just like those who thought it was best to live under the law, there is great debate in the church about what it really means to live the Christian life. Many in the church today believe that in order to be “Christian” one has to live a life of following the rule. That if one is somehow “good enough” then they are able to somehow earn their Christianity. This line of thinking has been popularized by the phrase, “Don’t smoke drink or chew, or go with girls who do!”\nThe problem with this line of thinking when it comes to salvation is twofold. The first is that it puts the emphasis of salvation, and living in relationship with God on the individual and not God. It says that it is up to us to somehow find the inner strength to be able to live the right way. However when talking about the Salvation that we have in Christ, we find that salvation from Christ is a gift of grace. It is not something that can be earned or manipulated, but only accepted by faith.\nThe second problem, stemming from the first is that when we seek to live under the law or in modern words when we make following the rules our idol, what we do is actually enslave ourselves to the very rules we are seeking to follow. Our focus is removed from Christ and onto the rules, and as a byproduct our focus shifts from following Christ to simply a fear of failure. Just as Paul uses the example of the child who is an heir to an estate. The child is not going to be able to cash in on that estate because the child is simply not at a developmental stage where they are capable of receiving and handling what is rightfully theirs.\nThe same is true for us today when our focus in on legalism instead of grace. We have been given a gift by God, yet if we fail to accept the gift and instead pursue a delusion of the gift then we are spiritually not at a developmental stage where we can enter into real life through the Spirit.\nThe application for the church today if for us to live out a Christian faith that is not tied down by the rules and regulations of a legalistic faith that sucks the air out of the grace we have been given. At the heart of our Christian journey should be a pursuit of the authentic and organic grace of God that is freely given through the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. It is here that we are empowered by the Holy Spirit to truly find life. It is this life that is found not by a focus of following the rules as some sort of way of crossing our T’s and dotting our I’s, but of pursuing Christ, unbound by rules, and rapped in His love and grace.\nFreedman, David N. \"Amanuensis.\" The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Vol. 1. New York: Doubleday, 1992.\nFreedman, David N. Mitchell, Stephen. \"Galatia (Place).\" Pages 870-71 in vol. 2 of The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Edited by David N. Freedman. New York: Doubleday, 1992. Gaebelein, Frank E. \"Romans - Galatians\". Vol. 10. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Regency Reference Libr., 1989.\nGeorge, Timothy. \"Galatians.\" The New American Commentary. Broadman & Holman, 1994.\nHays, Richard B. \"The Letter To The Galatians.\" Pages 299-310 in vol 11 of The New Interpreter's Bible. Edited by Leander E. Keck. Nashville: Abingdon, 2000.\nKeck, Leander E. \"Galatians 4.\" The New Interpreters Bible. Vol. 11. Nashville: Abingdon, 2000.\nLongenecker, Richard N. \"Galatians.\" The Word Biblical Commentary. Dallas, Tex.: Word, 1990.\nMartyn, J. Louis. Galatians: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. Anchor Bible Commentary. New York: Doubleday, 1997.\nMatera, Frank J. Galatians. Sacra Pagina 9. Edited by Daniel J. Harrington. Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical, 1992.\nRapa, Robert K. Boice, James Montgomery. \"Galatians.\" Pages 407-508 in vol. 10 of The Expositor's Bible Commentary. Edited by Frank E. Gaebelein. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2008.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Anyone with a computer today can get online and use Google Street View to go on a sightseeing tour of the U.S. and most parts of the world. A new venture has taken that idea of mapping and applied it to underwater imagery of coral reefs. It has already been used in the Caribbean and Australia, but for the first time it was used in the Florida Keys this past August.\nThe SVII camera technology, using special fish eye lenses for underwater use is very similar to what Google uses to create Street view images on land. The difference is instead of being car mounted the 143 pound camera rigs are tethered to scuba divers and powered through the water with small motors. Each camera in an hour long dive can capture images over an area up to 20 times larger than what’s available with traditional underwater photography.\nIn mid-August, NOAA and Catlin Seaview joined forces to shoot photos in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary near Key Largo. The images that were produced included endangered elkhorn coral, bleached fields of dead coral and coral nurseries suspended in the Key’s blue waters. These images will be analysed by the University of Queensland in Australia. The photos will then be compared to those taken in the future to see if coral reefs have improved or regressed over time.\nNOAA officials hope to apply the street view mapping to research and management plans in marine sanctuaries nationwide. In addition to the science, they also believe that it will be an effective tool to educate the public about the nation’s 13 marine sanctuaries and gain support for restoration programs.\nThe venture partners and sponsors include Catlin Seaview, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Google. The project has already filmed reefs in the Caribbean and Australia, but this is the first time the cameras have been used in the United States.\nSome of the Keys images as well as images of earlier expeditions in the Caribbean and Australia can be found on Google Maps under a special section called “ocean view”.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Plant a Potted Succulent Garden\nSucculents: the quirky little plants that come in unique shapes, sizes and colors that can flourish with the least of care. Because of their minimal needs and hearty nature, succulents make a great plant for novice gardeners and avid gardeners alike. It’s no surprise these peculiar plants have become more popular in recent years.\nSucculents are nearly self-sufficient, but it’s important to set your plants up for success, so they’ll be happy and healthy for years to come.\nIn nature, most succulent varieties grow in arid grasslands and deserts, where temperatures are high and rainfall is scarce. However, these hearty plants have adapted to survive in these environments. With shallow roots they are able to grow in little to no soil and their leaves and stems are thick and fleshy, to store excess water. Overall, succulents are tough little plants!\nPrepare the Soil\nSucculents should be planted in well-draining soil. Choose a potting mix that is specific for cacti and succulents, or make your own by mixing three fourths regular potting mix with one forth gravel. After filling your container with soil, moisten well with water.\nFood for Thought\nGive your succulents a boost by adding fertilizer to the soil. You can use a plant food that’s made for vegetables, as succulent nutritional needs are similar. Clean Water Grow Tomato & Veggie Food is a great choice because it provides balanced nutrition and calcium. GROW is also slow release, apply once a year in the spring and GROW will continue to feed your succulents throughout their growing season.\nReady to Plant\nNow that your soils ready, it’s time to start planting! Remove succulents from their store containers and arrange to your liking. The soil should be damp enough that you don’t need to water after planting. Avoid watering the plants again until the soil has completely dried, which can take up to a week.\nGet creative! You can add a top layer of gravel around your planted succulents to make them really stand out. For example, use brightly colored aquarium gravel for the top layer to give your succulent garden additional pop.\nWhen to Water\nBecause succulents thrive in dry environments, they need very little water. Too much water can lead to root rot. A good rule of thumb is to water your succulents once a week. However, water needs can vary with temperature, the container and humidity. Keep an eye on the warning signs of under or over watering.\nIf your succulents’ leaves yellow or become transparent or puffy, especially the leaves towards the bottom, then it’s probably suffering from too much water. Your plant can be salvaged by not watering until the soil is completely dry, cutting back on your watering schedule and trading some of the damp soil for dryer soil. If all else fails, cut off the healthy part of the succulent and replant.\nIf your succulent is looking shriveled and brittle, then it’s likely in need of water. Gradually increase your watering schedule and be sure to completely soak the soil.\nLocation, Location, Location\nNow that your succulent garden is planted, it’s time to choose the best spot for them. Succulents need about 3-4 hours of direct sunlight or 5-8 hours of indirect sunlight. Succulents that get too much sun can burn and plants without enough light may distort their shape as they grow in the direction of the nearest light source. If your succulents show stress from too much or too little light, gradually move them to a different location.\nWith your succulent garden complete, it's ready to be displayed!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "\"T\" is for Teach Yourself\n\"T\" Teach Yourself - \"A\" Alternatives Available? - \"K\" Know How To Store - \"E\" Explore Disposal Options\nTeach yourself to find the correct quantity needed for your project (i.e., measure your lawn’s square footage and purchase only what is needed for fertilizer or seed).\nLawn and Garden Care\nSmart Gardening is a program created by Michigan State University to help novice and experienced gardeners adopt and implement real-life techniques in their yards and gardens to save time, money and the environment.\nYard debris, including leaves and other organic plant material like shrubbery trimmings and grass clippings, are a significant source of stormwater pollution. This debris can also clog culverts, storm drains, and pipes, causing flooding. It's easy to do your part to protect our streams and the drainage systems leading to our waterways.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) says that hundreds of thousands of children are facing starvation in Yemen, with one million children acutely malnourished.\n\"Close to 60 per cent of Yemeni children under the age of five today are suffering from chronic malnutrition,\" UNICEF representative Gert Kapelari said.\n\"That makes Yemen the country with the highest level of chronic malnutrition in the world after Afghanistan,\" saying it poses huge problems for Yemen's future.\n\"About 250,000 children today in Yemen are at risk of dying or having lifelong consequences if we don't act immediately,\" he said.\nAt Revolution Hospital in the capital, Sanaa, emaciated children lie on hospital beds, their bones jutting out.\nAid agencies say the country is on the brink of a humanitarian disaster, suffering from chronic levels of poverty.\nOxfam's Joy Singhal said that 44 per cent of the population - around 10 million people - are going hungry.\nSinghal says more and more people are finding it difficult to afford to buy food, a knock-on effect of increasing levels of unemployment and rising prices.\nYemen imports up to 90 per cent of its main staple foods, including wheat and sugar, which many households struggle to purchase.\nConflict and political instability have also played a factor, greatly increasing the number of internally displaced people (IDP) who are now dependent on food aid.\nAccording to the World Food Programme (WFP), 670,000 IDPs rely on food aid in the south and north of the country.\nIn March, the WFP reported that levels of food insecurity in Yemen had doubled since 2009.\nThe European Union recently said it would provide an extra six million dollars in humanitarian aid, to help combat a food crisis which could destabilise the conflict-torn country.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Why Add More?\nMuscular endurance can be increased by performing more repetitions with a given resistance, while maximizing strength development require muscles to be subject to progressively heavier training loads. The process of gradually adding more exercise resistance than the muscles have previously encountered is referred to as overload.\nAdding resistance training intensity based on an absolute or relative weight. This can include a percentage of a one rep maximum or a one rep maximum. For example, 70% of a one rep maximum would be a weight lifted for 12 repetitions to failure. Failure is defined as failure to properly lift the weight with good form or full range of motion.\nCompleting more repetitions at the same level of exercise intensity. If you are completing 10 repetitions of a weight, a progression may be completing 12 repetitions with the same weight. A repetition is a single, individual action of the muscles responsible for creating movement at a joint or series of joints. A repetition involves three phases of muscle action: eccentric lengthening, which is a momentary isometric pause and concentric shortening. The number of repetitions assigned for an exercise indicates the number of times an individual should perform that particular movement. As mentioned above, to create the necessary overload to promote specific adaptations, repetitions should be performed until momentary muscle fatigue occurs.\nAlternating the speed or tempo of the repetitions. This can increase intensity by taking gravity and momentum out of the picture. Time under tension shows promise in helping to develop certain goals, especially hypertrophy. As a general rule of thumb, more speed during movement on power and strength movements and less speed during movement on hypertrophy and endurance lifts.\nChanging the rest periods between multiple sets when strength training. By increasing the time of rest, an individual can shoot for the original repetition performed on the first set, or they can perform drop sets by decreasing rest time and performing a set before full recovery. Time for rest for each type of goal will be covered in another section.\nGradually increasing the training volume. During each resistance-training session, a certain amount of work is performed. The cumulative work completed is referred to as the training volume. Training volume is calculated in several ways:\nRepetition-Volume Calculation: Volume=Sets x Repetitions (for either the muscle group or the session).\nLoad-Volume Calculation: Volume = Exercise Weight load x Repetitions x Sets (summing the total for each muscle group or the entire session).\nIt’s important to emphasize that the best progressions will involve variations in intensity and volume. Later, we will discuss periodization, and the different forms of periodization that allow the framework for implementing progressive overload over a certain time span to complete certain specific goals.\nWhen muscles are stressed beyond their normal demands, they respond in some way to the imposed stress. If the training stress is much greater than normal, the muscles react negatively to high levels of tissue micro trauma. The resulting (large-scale) cell damage requires several days of muscle repair and rebuilding to regain pre-training strength and functional abilities. Weight lifters should allow 48-72 hours of rest between training the same body part and performing the same movements with load.\nOn the other hand, when muscles are systematically stressed in a progressive manner, they gradually increase in size and strength. That is, if the training stress is slightly greater than normal, the muscles respond positively to low levels of tissue micro trauma. The resulting (small-scale) cell damage elicits muscle-remodeling processes that lead to larger and stronger muscles. Research indicates that muscular strength increases significantly above baseline levels 72 to 96 hours after an appropriately stressful series of resistance training.\nWhen the training program no longer produces gains in muscular strength or size, the exercise protocol should be changed in some way to again elicit the desired neuromuscular adaptations. This is where a well-designed periodization model helps keep results coming.\nMy Signature Method, Your Signature Move!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A skills gap currently faced by industrial enterprises is the result of an accumulation of several factors, not solely a worker shortage, which is a misalignment of labor supply and demand. While a worker shortage is a major influence of the manufacturing skills gap, there are various other industry influences contributing to this growth inhibiting dilemma.\nFor the projected 2.4 million manufacturing skills gap, the roots of the issue seed down to fundamentally rudimentary ways of training new employees; converging detrimental labor happenings with a ‘silver tsunami’ of industrial workers approaching retirement, taking years of expertise and knowledge with them; and an uninterested and under prepared younger workforce currently not a viable replacement.\nManufacturers preemptively identifying these issues and implementing innovative digital technologies like augmented reality tied to desired business outcomes can lessen the severity of the skill gap, forecasted to impact economic US output by $2.5 trillion over the next decade. These companies are also looking towards improving training to mitigate this, but current procedures are overdue for a massive overhaul.\nSee a full-size version of the Manufacturing Skills Gap infographic.\nLessons taught through blended learning techniques, such as classroom training, often suffer from information overload and do not translate into skills developed for real-world usage. Memorizing a product manual or work procedures in an out-of-context environment will not properly prepare the trainee for real-world situations where configurations and conditions are varied.\nWithout consistent repetition and reinforcement of work-related concepts, workers will forget 50 percent of information within one hour, 70 percent within 24 hours, and 90 percent over a week. This makes in-context ‘on-the-job’ training the most effective form of learning, but it comes with costly challenges and bottlenecks for scheduling, interrupting operators, and trainer availability.\nAnnual training expenditures in the US reached nearly $90 billion in 2018 with manufacturers/distributors averaging over four million dollars in their annual budget and spending the most per learner. With a lowering investor PMI score and a constant need for manufacturers to drive operational efficiencies, this training expenditure is a major financial footprint and needs to provide increasingly high return on investment.\nBaby Boomers make up 75 million US citizens and nearly half of the 160 million US labor force, will have their labor participation rate fall from 80% to under 40% by 2022. Boomers make up approximately 25% of the manufacturing workforce and the majority of industry expertise we associate with older personnel in the industry.\nWhile there isn’t an overnight solution to accommodate for this loss of prudent knowledge of retiring workers, manufacturers are looking to alleviate the damage and cite it as a critical procedure with some even overpaying retired employees to come back to work.\nOnce these aging industrial workers inevitably reach retirement, the knowledge and expertise they’ve accumulated over the years on different machines, systems, operating procedures, and other aspects of work, is largely non-digitized or otherwise documented. What little is captured resides on paper documents, which can be illegible, unscalable, and unusable without context.\nIt’s difficult to put a metric on it, but the amount of knowledge expertise that resides in manufacturer’s human capital is immense and is why factories can run with minimal downtime and at unprecedented speeds. Not being able to capture, document, and distribute this expertise as it leaves a life at the factory for a life of leisure, is a colossal business value loss and contributor to the growing skills gap.\nA recent study shows that 70% of respondents claim it costs an organization time and money to replace unique work knowledge an employee takes when they leave and 61% say organizations that don’t attempt to preserve and share unique knowledge are making a mistake.\nA headache manufactures constantly hear when recruiting younger talent is that their jobs aren’t perceived as ‘cool’, yet it pays competitively when comparing to other industries. This generation is accustomed to daily digital touchpoints with desktops, laptops, or mobile devices, which can be challenging to imagine in a factory scenario for some. The lack of interest is costly, dissuading potential recruits from seeking out supplementary education like Perkins career and technical education programs (CTE) to fill open jobs. Nearly all manufacturers have a hard time finding new hires while most believe there is a significant talent shortage in U.S. manufacturing.\nThe manufacturing industry is turning this lack of technological knowledge and usage perception on its head, with advanced robotics, augmented reality and other innovative technologies becoming commonplace on production lines. Manufacturers proactively executing on their digital transformation initiatives will have a recruiting advantage on attracting the younger tech-savvy workforce.\nEven among outsourcing headlines, manufacturing is and will continue to be one of the greatest economic drivers in the US. Solving this skill gap conundrum will be invaluable to its future prosperity and there are pieces manufacturers can put in place to do so. While the workforce will continue to turn over, we can use technologies to capture and transfer their knowledge to existing and new employees, improving training and onboarding procedures.\nSimilarly, manufacturers can induce better methods of training and learning through technology for personnel to better retain job principles and implement skills developed. Embracing digital transformation initiatives like replacing paper-based work instructions with updateable virtual work instructions, versus putting off digital transformation and reacting retrospectively can have a cascading affect not only on workforce productivity, but also recruiting the next crop of digitally-native talent.\nThe manufacturing skills gap is upon us, and those proactive through digital transformation can lessen its impact and even gain competitive advantages if implemented successfully.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Not all aboriginal kids Australia recive a birth certificate\nThousands of Aboriginal children are likely to have no official identity in Western Australia because they have no birth documents, a new study has found.\nThe study, published in The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health on Monday, has found that one in five aboriginal children have not been given birth certificates.\nAs a result, 4,628 births to Aboriginal mothers weren't recorded in the registry in the 16 years from 1996 to 2012.\nWith documentation comes the ability to access services. University of Sydney lead author Alison Gibberd said the fault was with the system.\n\"In its current form, Western Australia's birth registration system doesn't ensure that all children have registered births,\" Gibberd.\n\"Australia is a signatory to several international conventions to ensure that all children have the right to be registered immediately after birth, but an unacceptably high number of Aboriginal children don't achieve this right.\"\nThe research indicates that kids born to teenage mothers were five times more likely to remain unregistered than those born to mothers over 30.\nIt also says mothers who were themselves unregistered were three times more likely to have an unregistered child.\nWestern Australia has the third highest Aborigine population in the country, with 88,270 people identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, according to 2011 census data.\nThe communities are considered the most disadvantaged in Australia, suffering higher rates of imprisonment, unemployment, illness and child mortality.\nSandra Eades, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute Aboriginal health leader, said there are clearly barriers stopping Aboriginal families from registering their child.\nAround 290 million children do not possess a birth certificate all around the world, according to the United Nations children's agency UNICEF.\nWithout a birth certificate,one will face social disadvantage later in life, including difficulties in possessing a passport, opening a bank account, enrolling in university or finding employment.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Building a house in a a nature conservation is a particular challenge, but this project from the UK did it quite successfully.\nIt was built among the Norfolk and Suffolk Broads, the largest wetland areas in Great Britain. In order to maintain ecological balance, these two areas were recognized as a national park, composed of 303 km squared. Thus, this house was subject to strict guidelines and aesthetic requirements. An environmentally-focused design, and materials, had to be at the forefront of the design of The Pond House.\nSince the surroundings of the home are natural and characterized by, above all, the water of the marshland, the home had to reflect this. The materials had to be both natural and reflect the aesthetic of the environment. In addition, the owner of the home insisted that the design had to be sustainable. So, the facade and roof were dressed with roughly sawn and untreated Siberian larch wood. The material is natural, plain, and given texture by panelling.\nThe interior of the house has 110 meters squared of living space. It's elegant and classic look is created with darker wooden furniture, classic art prints, and a creamy wall colour. The house is also practical, as a passive home with requires no heating system, just good thermal insulation and windows to moderate the temperature.\nFor the home's energy needs a solar panel system has been installed on the roof. While the panels produce electricity, they are also directly used to heat the home's water. There are other brilliant design elements in this roof. The water-permeable terrace collects and stores rainwater, and drains some of it towards the garden. Irrigation for the garden and water supply are ensured for the long-term in this home. Talk to a professional to get the same design for yourself.\nThe architecture and orientation of the house also contribute to it's energy efficiency. The building faces south, and ten degrees east. As a result, the sun's warmth reaches the bedrooms early in the morning, and maintains it's shine on the solar panels for as long as possible. Small windows are placed along the top of the home, which allow excess heat to escape if it gets too warm. If it's too cold, the small windows also allow extra sunlight in.\nWe can't mention the garden without giving you a view of the lush pathway through it. When the plants are mature they'll climb up this trellis and make the pathway even more lush.\nFor a tour through another natural home, try this textured rustic house.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "I have effectively found information on all of the species of Caddisfly that the hatch chart from Lanesboro, MN describes. Now the question is how to present the information in a logical fashion, with the Mayflies I broke things down first by one of the four nymphal groups and then from earliest to latest in reference to potential emergence dates. Caddisflies are posing more of a challenge in that there are so many species that for my purposes I will be listing them starting with the earliest in emergence dates and ending with the latest.\nThese first three represent the winter/spring emergence, February-Mid May. These should be fairly easy to distinguish on the water, only the last two have coinciding dates and are different in size and color.\n- Adult Length up to 12mm\n- Wing: Gray-Brown\n- Body: Brown\n- Legs: Brown\n- February emergence\nFrom the family Philopotamidae these are net spinning caddis larva living on the undersides of rocks. They spin a net to filter food from the water. Pupa swim or crawl to the banks or surface to emerge and the females dive underwater to deposit eggs. Specifically D. Distinctus has a unique trait in that they will produce wingless females in the winter that are noticed running along the snowy banks. These are going to be found in cleaner cooler well oxygenated water and perhaps less found on a larger warmer stream. Larva look like most free living caddis, like a green/olive worm with a black/brown head with six legs. Color for the larva is going to be harder to determine due to the variety in habitat thus finding them in the wild is important.\n- 13-15mm Average Adult Length up to 20mm\n- Wing: Ginger-Reddish Brown\n- Body: Ginger-Brown\n- Legs: Ginger-Brown\n- April-May Emergence\nThis species of caddis fly is from the Limnephilidae super family that encompasses tube-makers of which there are many, over 56 different genus with each genus potentially having several species. L. Submonilifer are going to be found in much slower water sections, LaFontaine says he found these most in ponds in New Hampshire in much slower water, something to keep in mind. This specific specie builds a stick case in which to live, different from a spun net tube or rock tube.\n- Adult length up to 10mm\n- Wing: Brown-Dark Brown\n- Body: Green to Greenish Brown\n- Legs: Light-Dark Brown\n- Very Short Emergence Early May\nComing from the Hydropsychidae family of net-spinners this is a free living caddis larva. The information I’ve found indicate that the Cheumatopsyche is closely related to the Hydropsyche the main difference is size. The Little Sister Sedge is smaller than its cousin. These specific larva and subsequently adults will be more likely found further downstream in warmer water with higher sediment and algae content.\nThis information may be flawed or incorrect, I am not an entomologist, however sometimes I wonder why not? I’m sure there are bugs I wouldn’t like. If you think something is incorrect please let me know.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What disqualifying (non-standard) colors are most common in Aussies?\nToo much white is most common, then dilute, closely followed by yellow. Yellow and dilute are both recessive, so they have continued to lurk in the breed gene pool, showing up only when two carriers happen to be bred to each other. The basic “Irish” pattern of white markings typical of Aussies is probably caused by a single gene but modified one way or the other by additional genes or regulatory DNA. The genetic cause of mismarks (dogs with too much white for the breed standard) is not clear at this point though one gene, referred to as S (spotting) may vary the extent of markings somewhat.\nWhat is a mismark?\nA dog with white in places the breed standard does not allow it. A white body splash would be a good example.\nHave mismarked Aussies become more frequent than they were years ago?\nPossibly, though it is difficult to know for sure. Very early in breed history dogs with what we would now consider too much white were not unusual. However, in the late 1970s when a standard was developed that is largely the same as those in use today, the distribution of white markings became fairly well-defined. The limitations were aimed at mismarks and intended to discourage people from producing double merles, but it also had the effect of shifting selection more strongly against mismarks.\nIf that is so, why do we see so many mismarked dogs today?\nShow ring fashion rewards flashy white markings, which encourages pushing the limits, and stockdog breeders don’t necessarily care because the markings don’t affect a dog’s ability to handle stock. Given that, there will probably always be some level of mismarks though extremes such as piebald dogs have become far less frequent.\nWhat gene causes dilution?\nThe D locus (dilution, genetic designation MLPH).\nDoes D also cause dilution spots?\nNo. Dilution spots, grey and often rusty or dull areas in a merle pattern, are related specifically to merle with the genetic cause unknown at this time. D dilutes all black or liver pigment, including all shades of a merle coat. A dilute blue merle would have grey or slate blue dark spots instead of black and the lighter areas would be pale silver. A red merle with dd would experience the same effect, but it would be less visually obvious. Because of the wide range of color intensity in red merles it is possible tht some dilute red merles are not recognized as such.\nDoes D cause other colors?\nD causes a dramatic lessening of black or red (liver) pigment but there are clearly other things that can affect density of pigment. The exact shade of color produced by D may vary somewhat. For example, red Aussies may be deep chocolate to chestnut to orange and red dilute can vary accordingly. Blue Dobermans and Great Danes are dilute blacks; a Weimeraner is a dilute red. Nose and other skin pigment will also be lighter in color but tan markings will not be affected. The color of the eye will often be a bit lighter in dilutes than in non-dilutes in the same litter.\nHow many versions does D (MLPH) have?\nTwo – non-dilute and dilute, with dilute being recessive.\nIs dilute acceptable in Aussies?\nHow is dilute inherited?\nIt is recessive. A dog with two non-dilute versions of D will not be dilute nor can it produce dilute. A dog with one non-dilute and one dilute version will carry dilute. Dogs with two dilute versions are dilute.\nIs this the only type of Dilute in Aussies?\nNo. The researcher who identified MLPH dilute in Aussies also received samples from dilute dogs that did not have this mutation. Therefore there are other ways dilute may be inherited though they also likely recessive. Sometimes Aussie puppies will be born dilute but as they mature their coats darken until they can’t be distinguished from normally colored Aussies. This is not typical of the D locus, which gives the same color from birth onward.\nWhat gene causes yellow color?\nThe E locus (extension, genetic designation MC1r).\nDoes E cause other colors or patterns?\nYes. It causes facial masks and the grizzle pattern in Salukis (called “domino” in Afghan Hounds.)\nHow many versions does E (MC1r) have?\nFour: Mask, grizzle, black (actually whatever color other genes determine), and yellow in that order of dominance.\nAre the E (MC1r) colors and patterns acceptable in Aussies?\n“Black” is acceptable and mask only affects tan pigment so might reduce or eliminate tan points on the face. Grizzle doesn’t occur in Aussies but wouldn’t be acceptable if it did and yellow is not acceptable. Since yellow can obscure merle patterning to the point you cannot tell the dog is merle it isn’t a color that would be advisable in Aussies. Yellow dogs will not have tan markings but E does not interfere with white markings.\nHow are the E colors inherited?\nDogs with two copies of the mask version, or one copy of mask and any of the other versions will have a mask with the rest of the dog (save any white areas) yellow to reddish or possibly sable (depending on the versions of A it has.)\n– Dogs with two copies of the grizzle version or one copy plus a copy of the black or yellow versions will be grizzle.\n– A dog with two copies of the black version or one black and one yellow will be whatever color other genes determine.\n– A dog with two copies of the yellow version will be yellow, though actual shade can range from pale yellow to deep red-gold. Yellow Aussies are usually a medium-gold shade.\nWhat determines nose color in yellow dogs?\nThe B and D genes. The nose will be black or liver depending on what versions of B the dog has. If the dog also has two recessive copies of D the nose may be slate blue or a pale, even pinkish, brown.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Gabriel Michael, a PhD candidate at George Washington University, subjected the IP Chapter of the secret Trans-Pacific Partnership, leaked by Wikileaks last week to statistical analysis. The leaked draft has extensive footnotes indicating each country's negotiating positions. By analyzing the frequency with which the US appears as the sole objector to other nations' positions, and when the US is the sole proponent of clauses to which other nations object, Michael was able to show that TPP really is an American-run show pushing an American agenda, not a multilateral trade deal being negotiated to everyone's mutual benefit. Though Canada is also one of the main belligerents, with even more unilateral positions than the USA.\nThis graph indicates that the core overlap of negotiating positions currently includes New Zealand, Singapore, Chile, and Malaysia, although the direct connection between New Zealand and Singapore is weaker than the others. If we consider geography, culture, and politics, countries on the outskirts of this network often appear to connect via sensible routes: Mexico through Chile, Australia through New Zealand, and Brunei through Vietnam and Malaysia. Canada’s connection through New Zealand makes sense, though the connection through Malaysia is odd; likewise, Peru via Chile makes sense, but via Singapore is surprising.\nReturning to the large network graph, we can include sole-country proposals, which show up as loops connecting a country back to itself. This allows for a direct comparison of the data from the first two bar graphs, and gives us a sense of the degree to which a country is joining with other parties vs. “going it alone.”\nThe United States and Japan are still relatively isolated, but we can also see that they’ve made numerous sole-country proposals, perhaps related to their relative isolation. Though Canada has the highest number of sole-country proposals, it also has strong connections to many other countries. Singapore, Peru, Malaysia, and Brunei have so few sole-country proposals that their loops are barely visible.\nThe United States is isolated in the Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations [Henry Farrell/WashPo]", "label": "No"}
{"text": "We have now come to the final letter in CAR – that is R for Results. We have passed through the Ready, Set, Go – the three steps – of A, which included defining our desired Results in the middle step.\nSo now we come to identify the three elements of Results. They are Desired Results, Actual Results and our emotions about our Results. Let us examine each of these in turn, starting with: Desired Results.\n(1) Desired Results can be expressed in two ways, tightly by Features and more loosely by Benefits. Features of a desired Result can be expressed in such a way as to be discernible by our senses – by answering the questions: how does it look? How does it sound? How does it feel / work? How does it taste? How does it smell?\nAlternatively, the desired results can be expressed in terms of the Benefit the Result brings to certain people. For example, to my dad the Features of a car were rarely important. It didn’t matter if the car was Holden or Ford, black or white, “as long as it goes!” Defining a desired Result (goal) by Benefits may leave room for some flexibility for the person performing the Action because more than one set of Features may produce the desired Result. A black Holden and a white Ford could both give the desired Benefit (transport) even though the Features are different.\nSimilarly our Current Circumstances can be defined by Features. But rather than Benefits (of our Current Circumstances – which we would hope to keep), we might define the Issues for different people, that we need to improve. These five elements (Issues to address, Start Features, Action, Result Features and Result Benefits) could be considered as forming a CAR Bridge between our Current Circumstances and our desired Results.\n(2) The next element of R is Actual Results. Desired Results are one thing but Actual Results may be another thing altogether. If we have a good run there may be no difference between the two, but if there are other influences at play they may be quite different. The 6S’s we considered in our Current Circumstances may be useful here: our Season, our Settings, our Surroundings, our Self, our Strengths and our States. Alternatively we could use the PET ROCK acronym, instead of our Self and our Surroundings.\n(3) Finally we come to our Emotions about our Results. Even though emotions are non specific feelings, they are a communication from our subconscious to our conscious mind which beg for understanding. The formula “Emotions = (are) an Evaluation of our Experience compared to our Expectations” shows that we can do more than describe our emotions, we can dive deeper by defining our Experience (i.e. our Actual Results) with respect to our Expectations (i.e our Desired Results). Different standards or perspectives can yield different Evaluations and hence different Emotions.\nQuite apart from making emotions consciously comprehensible in the way, we intuitively know if they are positive or negative, good or bad, right or wrong. Either way emotions can be a motivating force / a driving force for change.\nPoints to Ponder\nWhat do your present Emotions tell you about your:\n- Actual Results\n- Desired Results\n- Values / Roles / Perspectives\n- Appetite for Change\nCopyright © 2021 John Harris", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In Marvel’s X-Men series, there is a character known as Juggernaut. His power is that once he is in motion, nothing can stop him. In physics terms, this means his inertia can’t be changed by some external force. That’s not how physics works, though that’s a minor detail in a universe that has a talking raccoon. But Juggernaut’s use of his skill is just one demonstration of a common misconception about inertia.\nThe key aspect of inertia is that it doesn’t change unless some force acts on it. If an object is in motion, it will keep that motion indefinitely. Barring friction or other forces, an object won’t spontaneously slow down, nor does it need a force to keep moving. The common misconception is that the natural state of an object is to be “at rest” and a force is needed to keep it going. On Earth that seems reasonable because we experience air resistance and friction. To keep an object moving on Earth we do need to keep pushing it.\nBut that isn’t true in space. Often in science fiction movies you will see spaceships moving at cruising speed with their engines on, as if they need to burn fuel to keep their forward motion. Another common trope is that when a spaceship breaks or runs out of fuel, it begins to fall toward the Sun. Apparently without rockets to keep it moving, a spacecraft will slow down and “fall out of the sky”. Of course, planets don’t have rockets, and they orbit the Sun just fine due to their inherent inertia.\nIn astronomy, we often present the fact that galaxies are moving away from us as evidence that the universe is expanding. But this by itself is not evidence of an expanding universe. Galaxies have inertia just like anything else, and it would be possible for them to be speeding away from us in a non-expanding universe. The evidence for an expanding universe lies in how the galaxies move away from us. Specifically that more distant galaxies move away from us faster than closer ones.\nIntuitively, it feels as if there must be some “at rest” frame, and that objects inherently move towards that state. It is the concept that Aristotle used to argue that the Earth doesn’t move, which was an idea that predominated for two millennia. But we now know there is no such rest frame. Instead everything in the universe moves relative to everything else, each with its own inertia.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Definitions of \"Giftedness\"\n\"All individuals have strengths\nrelative to their other capabilities; some individuals have\nexceptional abilities relative to most other people\nParty Report, Nov 2001\nA gifted or talented student stands\nout from everyone else in the above definition ... perhaps in one area,\nsometimes in many.\nGifted children have been defined as those\n\"who by nature of outstanding abilities are capable of high\nperformance\". The term \"outstanding abilities\" refers to general\nintellectual ability, specific academic aptitude, leadership ability,\nability in the visual or performing arts, creative thinking, or\nHow do others define being \"gifted\"?\nSome groups link giftedness with IQ - a measure of\nintelligence. Those people with a high IQ are \"gifted\", everyone else\nis not. But there a different types of IQ tests and the \"magic number\"\nto reach to be called \"gifted\" depends on the test used.\nIn general, since IQ tests assume that the\ninteligence quotient values for any given population is based on a\nnormal distribution (bell-shaped curve), a person operating at 2 or 3\nstandard deviations above the mean can be considered gifted.\nSome schools consider the top 15%,\n10% or 5% of their students to be gifted or talented.\nSee NOTE below.\nBUT IQ tests are not appropriate for very\nyoung children and can fail intelligent children who have limited\nexperiences of the world.\nBUT this definition does not pick up those\nunder-achieving students who are bored by a subject or do not see it as\nimportant and can pass with very little effort.\nfor IQ tests are biased against gifted children. Because of\ntheir low ceilings, none of the current tests provides valid IQ scores\nfor highly gifted children.\nchildren's IQ scores become depressed at approximately 9 years of age\ndue to ceiling effects of the test. The ideal age for testing is\nbetween 4 and 8.\nThere has been a trend away from defining\nthe gifted and talented in terms of a single category (for example,\nhigh IQ) towards a multicategory approach, which acknowledges a diverse\nrange of special abilities.\nThere is plenty of evidence that gifted children should\nbe differentially treated, either by acceleration, enrichment, or\nability grouping. But how you decide to define\ngiftedness will influence how you later identify\ngifted children. So far we have not differentiated between being\n\"talented\" and being truly \"gifted\". Does research support the lumping\ntogether of these groups?\nin the top 3 percent of the population have atypical developmental\npatterns and require differentiated instruction. Children in the top 10\npercent of the population are not statistically or developmentally\ndifferent from children in the top 15 percent, and it is not\njustifiable to single them out for special treatment.\nIt is similar\nto the situation where the moderately intellectually impaired, highly\nintellectually impaired and profoundly intellectually impaired all have\nquite different challenges and associated needs. So it is with the\nmoderately gifted, highly gifted and profoundly gifted. They should not be lumped together.\nWhere to next?\nSo you think you finally know what the term\n\"gifted\" or \"talented\" means...you might stick to the narrow\ndefinitions above or have a wider view that includes artistic, creative\nor leadership abilities.\nHow many of your children or students fit\nthat definition? And it is no good simply priding yourself on your\ndetective skills...what are you going to do about helping these", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Planning is accelerated by copying elements from an existing floor to another floor. This can be useful e.g. when creating main walls on several floors, as their floor plan is mostly the same at different levels.\nThe floors of ARCHLine.XP are a logical unit, not a physical boundary. So the element placed on the floor belongs to the floor, but its geometry is not affected by the properties of the floor (floor height and height). This means that an element placed on a floor does not have to be physically within the lower and upper limit of the floor, it can “protrude from there”. This is also required, for example, in level-shifting buildings.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Grammar moment: the pitfalls of the computer grammar checker\nComputer grammar and spelling checkers may have their uses, but they also have a serious dark side, especially for students new to the art of writing. The problem is that novice writers, not trusting their own skills, put way too much faith in the computer. They just don’t realize that, even as beginners, they have far better skills to tell when the grammar is right. They attribute far more intelligence to the computer program than any piece of software is capable of having, especially not the grammar checker that comes with the biggest name brand word processor.\nThe spelling checker might not be as seriously flawed, but its influence is more insidious. When it encounters a word not in its dictionary, it makes guesses to what was originally intended, listing words in order according to the spelling checker’s estimate of likelihood. But more than half the time, the word at the top of the list is NOT the word the writer intended, and if the writer assumes that the spelling checker’s choice is the right one, the writer ends up with the wrong word. Thus, spelling errors have nearly disappeared from student writing, but misused words are epidemic – I have lost count of the number of times I have seen “defiantly” used for “definitely,” or “untied” used for “united.”\nI have seen cases in which students are so untrusting of their own judgment, and so trusting of the computer, that they go through their papers, making changes, often at random, until every last green or orange squiggly underline disappears. The results are atrocious, and far from grammatically correct. I once received a paper on which the student had misspelled her own name – when I asked about it, she said, “The computer said it was wrong, so I fixed it.” This was a name that the student was proud of, that her mother had chosen carefully because it was unique. But the student chose the computer’s “correctness” over her mother’s intentions.\nYes, spelling and grammar checkers can be useful, but primarily in the hands of more advanced writers who can make the judgment of whether the computer has pointed out a legitimate concern or has simply flagged as an error something that is not really an error. I tell my students, time and time again, that the computer is wrong more than half the time, that the computer flags what might be an error, but it’s up to the students to look closely and figure out whether there’s really an error there. But they still go blindly with what the computer says. I would love to disable the grammar checker, and maybe the spelling checker, too, on any computer in the student computer labs. However, that’s a losing battle – too many people are too fond of the checkers.\nI’m not alone in my complaints. There is a professor in Seattle who has discovered similar problems. At one point, he was even considering suing Microsoft for its lousy grammar checker. On a more humorous note, there’s a Wiccan who discovered that there is a difference between a spell checker and a spelling checker.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Managed lawns, especially golf courses or other sport turf get insect damage that must be controlled. Homeowners who want a picture perfect lawn may treat as well. However, treatments that kill insect pests may also kill beneficial insects including pollinators. A group of scientists* have published recommendations for acceptable pest control that minimizes harm to pollinators. Some of the suggestions are:\nWait until after the early season pollinators get established before treating.\nConsider using granular formulations of insecticides, to avoid contamination of flowering portions of plants in bloom.\nUse grass varieties with pest resistance.\nMaximize the mowing height. Taller grass has deeper root systems that better tolerate pest injury.\nConsider using biological control agents that are specific to the pest insect\nEstablishing nearby plots of pollinator-friendly plants. Flowering plants on the borders can give the turf a more pleasing appearance while providing pollinators needed resources for growth and development.\nIncorporating these practices may take more time and planning, especially at first, but the results can be beneficial to both pollinators and turf management.\n*Jonathan L. Larson, Adam Dale, David Held, Benjamin McGraw, Douglas S. Richmond, Kyle Wickings, R. Chris Williamson; Optimizing Pest Management Practices to Conserve Pollinators in Turf Landscapes: Current Practices and Future Research Needs. J Integr Pest Manag 2017; 8 (1): 18.\nThe Schaus swallowtail butterfly, Heraclides aristodemus ponceanus, is an endangered species of butterfly in Florida with critically low numbers. Habitat loss is an important component in its decline, but exotic species are having a detrimental effect. .\nClayborn and Koptur* excluded ants from interacting with the caterpillars and found decreased survival when ants are not excluded. The most problematic species was Pseudomyrmex gracilis the Elongate twig ant, an exotic species from Mexico and not native to Florida. These ant predators were the most aggressive toward Schaus Swallowtail caterpillars of any of the ant species observed. The threat to endangered butterflies is one more reason to guard against transport of exotic species.\n*Jaeson Clayborn & Suzanne Koptur. 2017. Mortal combat between ants and caterpillars: an ominous threat to the endangered Schaus swallowtail butterfly in the Florida Keys, USA. Journal of Insect Conservation. pp 1–14. First Online: 14 July 2017\nGolden Sun Moth\nThe Golden Sun Moth has beautiful yellow hind wings that resemble a “golden sun”. This moth is threatened due to development and fragmentation of its grassland habitat. Unlike most Lepidoptera, the Golden Sun Moth feeds on the roots of grasses. Its natural habitat is grasslands in Australia that are grazed by Wallabies.\nIn the Canberra, Australia area, a planned building by the Bangladesh High Commission was delayed because the Golden Sun Moth was found on the site. The site is being evaluated in further detail to determine if the construction would harm the moth populations. The Canberra building plan sites foreign embassies in this area which happens to be habitat for the Golden Sun Moth. The moth may force a change in plans as diplomacy gets trumped by conservation.\nYellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti\nPhoto: James Gathany\nInstitutions that provide information on pest insects often use photos to communicate with the public. Go to any Cooperative Extension website and you will find photographs of pests. The public is often clueless when the name of an insect is mentioned, but show them a picture and the response is more often, “I’ve seen one of those.” Scientific information, no matter how good, is only useful if it can be communicated adequately. Photography has been a critical component of the communication efforts of many institutions.\nInstitutions often have a photographer or someone trained in photography on staff. The Centers For Disease Control is no exception. James Gathany has been a photographer with CDC for 30 years. His photographs, especially of mosquitos are widely distributed and used such as the photo at left. Gathany uses an artists touch to make his images compelling and aesthetically pleasing. The CDC honored his work with an exhibit in the CDC Museum. The Atlantic Magazine has an article featuring James Gathany that includes some of his photographs. Check out the article to learn more about his career, techniques and see some awesome photos.\nEastern Tailed Blue\nThe Eastern Tailed Blue, Cupido comyntas, is a common butterfly in Indiana summers. The Eastern Tailed blue feeds on a variety of legumes including clovers. The larvae often feed on the flowers and seeds of their host plant. Flowers and seeds typically contain more protein than the foliage.\nThe Eastern Tailed Blue has adapted to feed on many plants not native to North America. It has a wide geographic range and is found in many disturbed sites. Like many of the butterflies in the family Lycaenidae, the larvae may at times be tended and protected by ants.\nThe adults of the Eastern Tailed Blue have similar size and color pattern to the Summer Azure. The “tails’ on the hind wings of the Eastern Tailed Blue can be damaged over time. However, Eastern Tailed Blues can be readily distinguished from the Summer Azure by the orange spot on its hind wing.\nWe hope to see many during our Butterfly Encounter, Saturday, July 15 at 10:30 am\nThis Saturday July 15, 2017, we will conduct our annual counts of butterflies at the Evonic Corporation Nature Center. We will meet at 10:30 am, Count from 11am to 12:30 and tabulate and discuss the results between 12:30 and 1. More information: https://extension.entm.purdue.edu/butterflycount/\nBuckeye butterfly Insets: Close up of some of the eyespots.\nMany species of butterfly, especially in the family Nymphalidae have markings on the wings that resemble eyes. For humans, eyes, or images resembling eyes attract the attention of our brains. Movements of the face and eyes are important visual cues in human communications and interactions. Since eyes and eyespots draw our attention, it is not surprising that the subject of eyespots on the wings of butterflies has the attention of scientists.\nSpeculation about a “function” for eyespots dates back at least to the 1890 book edited by EB Poulton, The Colours of Animals. The book contains the speculative chapter, “Colors and markings which direct the attention of an enemy to some non-vital part, but which are not attended by unpleasant qualities”. Poulton suggested that eyespots on the wings of butterflies and on other animals could redirect the attack of predators away from vital parts (such as the head an body of a butterfly) and toward the eyespots present on non-vital portions of the wings.\nOther speculations suggest that the eyespots are a form of mimicry, the eyespots “intimidating” predators because of their resemblance to the eyes of animals that are much larger and more dangerous. In some species, the eyespots are hidden during rest and flashed at a predator when the insect is disturbed. This has been interpreted as a potential defense to “startle” a predator to give the prey time to escape. Yet other evidence finds a role for eyespots in mate recognition. Perhaps eyespots have little to do with repelling predators and more to do with attracting mates?\nEyespots come in a wide variety of sizes, shapes and numbers. It is quite possible that eyespots have a range of functions that is context dependent. Perhaps the effect is large on some predators but not others. Perhaps small eyespots are better at redirecting the attack and large eyespots are better at intimidating the predator? The speculation is endless and experimentation with predators and fast flying prey is difficult to conduct. Sorting out the many speculations is likely to be a long process.\nThis year, 2107 buckeyes can be commonly found. Look for them on flowers or collecting at puddles or wet spots on wood chip trails.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Chapter V(See Maps 1, 2, 3)\nDefending the Soil of Canada, 1939-1945\nThe Nature of the Problem\nMANY people assumed, during the years before 1939, that in the event of another war Canada would be in greater direct danger than in 1914-18. Even after war began, this assumption continued to be influential. As we have seen, on 3 September 1939 the Prime Minister, sending his first formal cable to Mr. Chamberlain concerning military cooperation, remarked that the primary task for the Canadian Government would naturally be the defence of Canada, \"which under present circumstances is a more pressing and urgent undertaking than it was in the last war\".*\nNevertheless, no real menace to Canadian soil developed at any time during the war. There was no invasion; there were no landings from the sea or bombings by aircraft, nor is there any evidence that the Germans or Japanese ever seriously considered such enterprises. It is true that Canada was in peril, and the peril was deadly; but it never took the form of an imminent threat to her territory. This was due to fortunate geographical accidents, and the possession of powerful allies, which made it possible to conduct the war on the further side of great bodies of water; and Canada's main contributions butions to winning it took the form of active help to those allies in distant theatres. Had the joint Allied effort there failed-in particular, had the Germans overrun the United Kingdom as well as the rest of North-West Europe--the direct danger to Canada would have become infinitely greater. As it was, Canadians, for the second time in the century, were able to defend their interests on foreign soil and defeat their enemies before they came to Canada. No more serious immediate threat to Canada's own shores developed than a few shells from a Japanese submarine, some ineffective bomb-carrying balloons, and sporadic operations by German U-boats in her coastal waters.\n*This chapter deals only with the Army's share in home defence. For the work of the Navy and Air Force, readers are referred to the histories of those services. Inter-service aspects will be dealt with in the subsequent volume dealing with military policy, as will also the question of cooperation with the United States. On defence measures immediately before the outbreak of war, see Chapter II, above.\nAll this, as usual, was not so clear at the time as it is in retrospect. To strike a balance between home defence and action abroad was not entirely easy for the Canadian Government. Not only was it impossible to forecast1 the course the war might take, but the Cabinet also had to consider popular fears and pressures which were not necessarily closely related to the actual 1 facts. Thus in the months after Pearl Harbor it was subjected, as we shall \"s see, to strong demands for increased defences in British Columbia, and to some extent was obliged to yield to them. Large numbers of men and large 1 quantities of material were thus immobilized on the Pacific Coast. An excited public opinion, in pressing for such exaggerated precautions against menaces which were almost entirely imaginary, was of course simply playing Hitler's game. In so far as such pressure resulted in keeping at home men and weapons that could have been used in the theatres where the war was decided, it was an advantage to our enemies.\nEarly Measures for the Defence of Canada\nThe plans made before 1939 for the defence of Canadian soil are described in Chapter I. They provided for more and stronger coast-defence batteries, and we have seen that much progress had been made before war broke out, although the measures taken had been largely confined to the Pacific Coast. In addition, Defence Scheme No. 3 provided for the mobilization in emergency of considerable forces to man the defences and otherwise provide for the security of coastal areas.\nOn the night of 25 August 1939, as already related (above, page 41), the Government called out on a voluntary basis the units of the Non-Perma nent Active Militia required for the coast defences and the protection of \"vulnerable points\". The batteries at Victoria- Esquimalt, Vancouver, Yorke Island and Prince Rupert were manned on the west coast, while on the Atlantic similar action was taken at Halifax, Saint John, N.B., Sydney- Canso, and Quebec. The job was done swiftly and efficiently so far as the limited strength of the N.P.A.M. units permitted. Thus at Halifax the 1st (Halifax) Coast Brigade\nR.C.A. paraded at 2:30 p.m. on 26 August with a strength of 202 all ranks; and its war diary records that, with the help of the local Permanent Force gunners and the 3rd (New Brunswick) Coast Brigade R.C.A., who were doing their annual training at Sandwich Battery, \"the forts were manned and ready for action by 1830 hrs [6:30 p.m.]\". At Esquimalt on the same day 226 all ranks of the 5th (British Columbia) Coast Brigade R.C.A. and attached units manned the new and old batteries.1\nThe improved defences in British Columbia included two new \"counterbombardment\" batteries* in the Esquimalt area (at Albert Head and Mary Hill, mounting 9.2-inch and 6-inch guns respectively) which had already been armed. The guns, however, were on old mountings permitting an elevation of only 15 degrees, and not until 1943-44 were modem mountings allowing more adequate elevation and range received and installed. At Vancouver, the new batteries (on Point Grey; in Stanley Park; and on the north side of the First Narrows of Burrard Inlet) were ready, or nearly ready, for action on an emergency basis, though at Point Grey the action might not have been very effective. (The guns there, just mounted under the emergency scheme, still had the automatic sights originally provided for them on a much lower battery position at Halifax, and these were useless at Point Grey; while an alternative method of laying the guns was nullified when visibility was poor.) The Yorke Island guns were also \"in action\". The Vancouver and Yorke Island defences were manned by the 15th (Vancouver) Coast Brigade R.C.A.2 At Prince Rupert, where the 102nd (North British Columbia) Heavy Battery R.C.A. was on duty, the two new batteries had not been armed when the crisis came, but this was quickly done and guns of three different calibres had been test-fired here before the end of September.3\nOn the east coast, Halifax of course had its old batteries, which were in serviceable condition, although here too the mountings were low-angle. Some new anti-motortorpedo- boat positions were set up on an emergency basis. At Sydney and the Strait of Canso the 16th Coast Brigade R.C.A. manned guns mounted in accordance with the emergency plan lately authorized; there had previously been no active batteries here. At both places guns were progressively placed in action during September.4 At Saint John, where the 3rd (New Brunswick) Coast Brigade was doing duty, there had similarly been no armament before the emergency, but by Canada's declaration of war on 10 September two 6-inch guns of 1896 vintage (originally part of the armament of H.M.C.S. Niobe) had been mounted in one battery, and other positions were armed later in the month, though only with field guns.5 At Quebec, a position unlikely to be assailed by sea under modem conditions, the 59th Heavy Battery R.C.A. manned the elderly weapons of Fort Martiniere, commanding the St. Lawrence below the city, and the 94th Field Battery had guns in position covering the examination anchorage near St. Vallier somewhat lower down.6\n*One can distinguish four roles for coast-defence batteries. Counter-bombardment batteries, the heaviest type, were for dealing with enemy battleships or cruisers at long range. Closedefence batteries were for defending harbours at shorter ranges. Examination batteries were for supporting the naval examination service for incoming shipping. Anti-motortorpedo- boat batteries were composed of light quick-firers for defending harbours against raiding M.T.Bs., and were often mounted to cover the boom defences of harbour-mouths. Sometimes a battery had more than one role.\nSuch was the coast artillery picture. Had an attack materialized during the first weeks of war, the defences' efficiency would scarcely have been high; many of the gun positions were temporary, the equipment was outdated, the units were low in strength and incompletely trained. Yet the guns and crews were there and ready to fire. Surveying what had been accomplished since the Government authorized emergency action on 24 August, one must account it a not unimpressive performance.\nInadequate as the fixed gun defences were, they were in far better condition than the anti-aircraft defences, which were very nearly non-existent. As we have seen, the only efficient anti-aircraft guns in Canada (four 3-inch 20-cwt. pieces, already obsolescent) were sent to Halifax during the precautionary period. The only other A.A. guns in the country were eight 13pounders, obsolete since 1920, for which a total of 307 rounds of ammunition was available, and two 4-inch naval guns which were useless since there was no fire-control equipment for them. In the early stages of the war, with Japan still neutral, the Atlantic ports naturally got priority; and it is the fact that until Pearl Harbor the Pacific coast's anti-aircraft defences consisted of two of the ancient 13-pounders‹with no ammunition.7 Since the United Kingdom's own defences were still far from complete, it was next to impossible to obtain equipment from there; however, in November 1939, assisted perhaps by the fact that there had as yet been no air attacks on Britain, the Canadian authorities in London obtained the release of four modem 3.7-inch guns. These reached Canada early in January and were very properly allotted to Halifax, whose importance (and vulnerability) as a convoy assembly point needed no emphasis.8 No further A.A. guns were received for use in Canada for two years, until November and December 1941, when two more 3.7s arrived9 and 40-millimetre Bofors guns began to come out of Canadian factories.\nIn view of the almost total lack of equipment, certain anti-aircraft and searchlight batteries were intentionally omitted from the list of units called out voluntarily on 25 August. Nevertheless, through a misunderstanding, when mobilization began on 1 September several anti-aircraft units for which there was no equipment were ordered to mobilize. Subsequently the personnel of such units were absorbed into other C.A.S.F. units in their respective Districts.10 For some time the men of the 2nd Anti-Aircraft Battery, having no equipment of their own, manned the coast-defence guns at Fort Macaulay, Esquimalt.11\nThe artillery were of course not the only troops on coast-defence duty. Infantry was also required, and on each coast several battalions were called out for this purpose. Their functions were to support the artillery garrisons of defended ports, to furnish small mobile reserves, to guard certain \"vulnerable points\" and in general to provide as might be required for internal security. In September 1939 four infantry battalions were mobilized for\nsuch duties on the Pacific coast,* and eight in the Maritime Provinces.13 The battalions mobilized on establishments smaller than those for the Mobile Force, and recruiting was suspended before they reached full strength. The result was that during the winter they had too few men for their tasks. In the early summer of 1940 the infantry battalions on duty in British Columbia averaged only about 300 all ranks. Troops of all arms on coast- defence and anti-aircraft duty in Canada on 1 June totalled 9100 all ranks, in addition to 1732 guarding vulnerable points.14\nThe Guarding of \"Vulnerable Points\"\nA word must be said on the problem of the protection of \"vulnerable points\". The question of responsibility in this matter was a difficult one. The principle laid down before the outbreak of war was that the Dominion Government would take responsibility for protecting the following: defence establishments; certain vital and essential spots along the railways and canals; and some other points such as oil depots, drydocks, grain elevators at the Head of the Lakes, cable landing-places, wireless stations, and the Niagara hydro-electric plants. The point was made that, in general, Dominion protection could not be provided for every establishment which might conceivably become a target of attack or sabotage; \"except where other arrangements have been specifically made, the authority responsible for protection in time of peace must continue responsible in time of war\".15 The local police authorities, and the owners of factories, etc., were not to be permitted to avoid responsibility.\nWith respect to those points which were acknowledged as Dominion charges, the question arose of the division of function between the armed forces and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Before war began arrangements for this division had been made, and lists of Department of National Defence and R.C.M.P. responsibilities had been mutually agreed upon.16 The military forces naturally assumed wider obligations on the coasts, where enemy landings were possible, but the Mounted Police in general carried the heaviest responsibilities in inland districts, where the danger was limited to that from saboteurs. The\nR.C.M.P. planned to enlist special constables to handle the tasks assigned to it, which could usually be carried out by men whose age and medical category would render them unfit for active service. It was agreed in August 1939 that the Police would not be required to take over all the proposed responsibilities until its protective\n*A fifth did guard duty on an N.P.A.M. basis until November, when it was relieved by the Mounted Police. It may be noted that after becoming Chief of the General Staff in 1940 General Crerar sought and received authority to move units required for duty in Canada from one part of the country to another at his discretion. One of the arguments used was the contribution such moves would make to the education of young soldiers as Canadians. This particularly appealed to the Prime Minister.12\norganization had been completed. This was not yet the case when war broke out, and therefore, as a temporary measure, the Department of National Defence in September assumed the protection of all vulnerable points which were considered Federal obligations. From the first week of October onward the transfer from the Militia to the Police was gradually carried out.17 A certain number of C.A.S.F. personnel who had been employed on guard duty were now no longer required, and under the provisions of a routine order18 published on 11 October these men were given the alternatives of discharge from the service, reversion to Non-Permanent Active Militia status or continued service in another unit of the C.A.S.F., if they could meet the required physical standards.\nThere was, as might have been expected, a good deal of correspondence with provincial and municipal authorities and private firms and individuals concerning the protection of vulnerable, or supposedly vulnerable, points. The Dominion Government was pressed to widen its own responsibilities in this respect. The matter was reconsidered during October 1939, and as a result the principle was re-affirmed that protection against sabotage was primarily a police rather than an army function, and one in which local authorities properly had large responsibilities.19 The Dominion Government continued to maintain that there were definite limits to its own obligations and declined to extend them to cover the protection of all establishments and communities against menaces which, the result showed, had little real existence.\nIn spite of all these qualifications, the Army had considerable responsibilities for guarding vulnerable points. In August 1940 the situation was as follows. There were no commitments whatever in Military Districts Nos. 1 (Headquarters, London, Ont.), 4 (Montreal), 12 (Regina, Sask.) and 13 (Calgary, Alta.) In Military District No. 7 (Saint John, N.B.), only 15 all ranks were employed on guard duty, and in No. 10 (Winnipeg) only 47. There was however a large commitment in Military District No. 2 (Toronto), where two battalions of the 13th Infantry Brigade were protecting the hydroelectric installations in the Niagara Peninsula and the Welland Canal locks, and a considerable one in No. 3 (Kingston, Ont.) where 237 all ranks were employed, including 152 guarding public buildings in Ottawa. In Military District No. 5 (Quebec, P.Q.), 307 all ranks were on duty, divided between eight different points, among which the Dominion Arsenal establishments at Quebec and Valcartier, and the Aluminum Company of Canada plants and power units at Arvida and Isle Maligne on the Upper Saguenay, were prominent. In Military District No. 6 (Halifax, N.S.), there were 234 all ranks, including 100 guarding the Joint Services Magazine at Bedford Basin and 70 at the oil depot at Imperoyal, both in the Halifax harbour area. In Military District No. 11 (Victoria, B.C.) 516 all ranks were employed, of whom 105 were guarding the drydock at Prince Rupert, while 74 all ranks\nwere allotted to each of three R.C.A.F. stations.20 This survey includes only troops allotted to definite local tasks. There were in addition infantry battalions in an \"internal security role\", i.e. available to support the civil power or act in any other manner required by circumstances. In October there were five such battalions, stationed at Sherbrooke, P.Q.; Ottawa; Chatham, Ont.; Fort William, Ont.; and Edmonton, Alta. Furthermore, the 13th Brigade's third battalion was considered available for the same role in the Toronto- Hamilton area.21\nAnother task, which grew much larger during 1940, was guarding internment and prisoner of war camps. From the beginning of the war, guards were required for the camps in which enemy aliens and other persons considered dangerous were interned. After the disaster in France in 1940, when a German attempt at invading Britain seemed likely, the British Government asked Canada to accept custody of 4000 internees and 3000 prisoners of war, whose presence in the United Kingdom might be dangerous in the event of invasion. On 10 June 1940 the War Committee of the Cabinet agreed. Subsequently the numbers increased until at the peak, in October 1944, Canada was holding for the United Kingdom 34,193 prisoners, of whom 254 were civilian internees. Canada held 853 other prisoners on her own responsibility. A total of 5524 all ranks of the Army were employed at this time as staff and guards. A Directorate of Prisoners of War had been set up at the beginning of 1943 to supervise the work.22 Guarding the camps was at first the responsibility of the Canadian Provost Corps, but in May 1941 full responsibility for them was transferred to the Veterans Guard of Canada.23\nIt may be noted here that the Veterans Guard had greatly expanded since its inception in May 1940. By March 1941 there were 29 active companies with a total strength of 206 officers and 6360 other ranks. Of these, 98 officers and 2848 other ranks were guarding internment camps, the balance of the personnel being employed in guarding vulnerable points and training. There were in addition 43 reserve companies with a total strength of 183 officers and 3765 other ranks.24 The Guard reached its peak of strength in June of 1943, when its Active strength was 451 officers and 9806 other ranks. This included one company in the United Kingdom-the General Duty Company at C.M.H.Q.‹and one each in the Bahamas, British Guiana and Newfoundland, in addition to 37 companies and 17 internment camp staffs in Canada.25\nThe Development of Fixed Defences, 1939-1944\nThe emergency measures taken in August and September 1939 to strengthen the coast defences were only the beginning. Succeeding years\nwitnessed a steady improvement and by 1943-44 the fortifications were in a highly efficient state. It is convenient at this point to summarize this development.\nThe first aim, naturally, was to complete the Interim Plan of coast defence. We have seen the arrangements made in August 1939 to do this on an emergency basis. It was now necessary to substitute permanent emplacements for the temporary gun platforms then constructed. This was done in short order. On 15 February 1940 the Chief of the General Staff reported to the Defence Council that the Interim Plan had been \"completely implemented\".26\nIt still remained to carry out the Ultimate Plan, drawn up, not on the basis of the armament that was available, but that which was desirable and necessary. As modern guns and mountings began to arrive (chiefly from the United Kingdom) it was possible to make progress with this final stage; but because the equipment came so slowly the progress was equally slow. The Ultimate Plan-considerably altered by this time-could not be said to be complete until early in 1945. Long before this, as early as the autumn of 1943 in fact, the garrisons of the coast defences were being reduced as a result of Allied victories beyond the seas.\nDealing first with the Atlantic coast, we find naturally that large and energetic measures were required during 1939-40 to make up for the effects of the pre-war policy which had granted such heavy priority to the Pacific. Measures which under ideal conditions would have been carried out as a part of peacetime preparation now had to be put into effect under the threat of attack.\nThe ancient fortress of Halifax continued to receive much attention. Permanent antimotor- torpedo-boat batteries gradually replaced the temporary ones, and in addition work began in the summer of 1940 on a new 9.2-inch battery near Devils Island, a position farther to seaward than any so far occupied. About the end of the year construction began on a 6-inch battery at Chebucto Head, on the opposite side of the harbour.27 The completion of these batteries was slowed by delays in delivery of armament from the United Kingdom.. Canada had ordered in 1936 three high-angle mountings for heavy guns which were intended for Esquimalt.28 After war began it was decided to divert them to Halifax. In November 1939 the British Government found itself faced with the need for assisting South Africa in providing a heavy battery for Cape Town (to replace a monitor, previously stationed there, which now had to be withdrawn). Canada agreed to give up one of her mountings for this purpose, on the understanding that it would be replaced as soon as practicable. Subsequently the Admiralty asked that the replacement should be postponed until after provision had been made for the defences of Freetown (Sierra Leone) and Trinidad. Canada again agreed. Then, in July 1940, Mr. Churchill cabled\nMap 1: Atlantic Coast Defences\nMr. King begging that, in view of the great importance of Freetown to the vital Cape of Good Hope sea-route, Canada should agree to the diversion thither of the two heavy mountings for Halifax, then nearly ready for shipping. On the advice of the Chief of the General Staff (General Crerar), Mr. King accepted this suggestion, it being understood that two others would be made available in November and January.29 However, there was further delay, caused this time by bomb damage to the English factory concerned; the first mounting was not received until the summer of 1941.30 Devils Battery was partially in action \"at restricted ranges\" in January 1942,31 and its last gun was placed in action in the following March.32 Chebucto Battery was reported ready for action with all its guns in August 1943.33\nSecond only to Halifax in importance was Sydney, where no less than eight different battery positions were armed during the war. The activity here was closely related to the fact that Sydney shared with Halifax the heavy responsibilities of a convoy assembly point. The batteries were progressively improved and strengthened throughout the war. One 6-inch battery, Lingan, was reported in action in June 1941, although its role was temporarily limited to close defence pending the installation of more adequate range- finding equipment. A still more formidable site, Oxford Battery (9.2-inch guns), was not completed until the war was almost over, the last gun for this position being received from the United Kingdom only in November 1944.34 Saint John, N.B., as a major port required respectable defences. Four different positions were armed here, the most important, the Mispec counter-bombardment battery, being \"practically completed\" with its guns mounted by 30 June 1940.35 This rapid result had been achieved as a consequence of the availability of 7.5-inch guns for immediate delivery from the United Kingdom. The one remaining item of the original Ultimate Plan was the two small batteries, each armed with two 4-inch guns, covering the northern and southern entrances of the Strait of Canso. These were gradually developed from temporary positions into permanent ones.36\nThe pre-war plans had not contemplated providing defences at any East Coast points except Halifax, Sydney, the Strait of Canso, Saint John and Quebec. However, after the collapse of France in the summer of 1940, which had the incidental but important effect of greatly increasing the apprehensions of the United States with respect to the Atlantic coastal area, the programme was expanded. The Third Recommendation of the Canadian- American Permanent Joint Board on Defence,* adopted at its Ottawa meeting\n*The creation of the Board was agreed upon between Mr. King and President Roosevelt at their meeting at Ogdensburg, N.Y., on 17-18 August 1940. The Board's work will be dealt with in a later volume. On its inception, see William L. Langer and S. Everett Gleason, The Challenge to Isolation (New York, 1952), 702 ff. Its activities are described in the present writer's \"The Canadian-American Permanent Joint Board on Defence, 1940-1945\" (International Journal, Spring 1954).\nof 27 August 1940, advised the \"early completion\" of both underwater defences and harbour defences, not only at Halifax and Sydney, but also at Gaspe and Shelburne. The United States helped by selling to Canada armament, heavy if not of the latest type. Surveys were promptly undertaken, and in August 1941 it was reported that at both Shelburne and Gaspe 10-inch U.S. counter-bombardment guns had been mounted and manned and were \"awaiting range-finding equipment and gun stores\".37 At Shelburne four different positions were armed in the course of the war to protect the harbour. At Gaspe there were three, all placed in action in the summer of 1941. The only other new position armed on the east coast of Canada proper (as Canada existed in 1939-45) was Louisburg, N.S., where in 1943 two 18-pounder field guns with searchlights were temporarily emplaced to offer some protection to the port.38\nIt remains, however, to note the defences provided by Canada in the territory of Newfoundland. Guns for a battery at Bell Island in Conception Bay were made available in the summer of 1940 (below, page 178). Newfoundland, of course, acquired increased importance in American as well as Canadian eyes as a result of the French collapse, and the Second Recommendation of the Permanent Joint Board on Defence (Ottawa, 26 August 1940) expressed the strong opinion that the island was inadequately defended and the security of Canada and the United States \"thereby endangered\". One of the measures recommended was \"completing, as early as practicable, and not later than the spring of 1941, the installation of appropriate defences for the port of St. John's, Newfoundland, for Botwood, and for other points as required\". Canada took prompt action along these lines, the United States assisting by providing equipment. However, the work could not be finished by the spring of 1941. In August of that year it was reported that the batteries at Botwood and St. John's, for both of which 10-inch guns were being purchased from the United States, would be \"completed during the coming fall\".39 Canada built and manned three batteries at St. John's, the 10-inch one in advance for counter-bombardment and two covering the harbour mouth. There were two sites at Botwood, and an additional small position at Lewisporte. The picture of Canadian coastdefence installations on Newfoundland territory is completed by a small battery placed in action in June 1942 at Rigolet, on the approaches to Goose Bay in Labrador.40\nCoast-defence searchlights were almost as important as coast-defence guns. Fortunately, they were relatively easy to produce in Canada. In October 1940 it was reported that all the new searchlights required by the Ultimate Plan for Halifax, Sydney, Canso and Saint John had been delivered and installation was far advanced. New lights were then being delivered to the Pacific coast at the rate of four or five per week.41\nIt is apparent that the gun defences of the Canadian Atlantic coastal area, very limited in 1939, were vastly improved and extended before 1945. During the war, no less than thirteen areas on the east coast (including Newfoundland) were defended with coast artillery in some degree; and counting certain positions which were abandoned during hostilities, a total of 45 individual sites were armed with guns. These figures do not include anti-aircraft sites. When the Ultimate Plan, as extended in 1940, had been completed, the artillery defences of the Atlantic coast were on a very adequate scale.\nTurning back to the Pacific coast, we find that, thanks to what had been done before the war, rather less needed to be done here during hostilities; nevertheless, the defences were materially extended. Apart from entirely new measures, the completion of the Ultimate Plan as originally conceived was itself a considerable task. Cooperation with the United States was particularly important in the area of Juan de Fuca Strait, where the Canadian defences were coordinated with the heavy batteries on the American shore. Information on the defences here was exchanged between the two countries as early as January 1938.\nIn the war's early days the manner in which the old low-angle mountings limited the range of the counter-bombardment armament of the EsquimaltVictoria fortress caused some anxiety, which extended to the United States; and a meeting of Canadian and U.S. officers at Victoria on 21-22 October 1940 discussed the desirability of making better arrangements to cover Juan de Fuca Strait with fire.42 A meeting of the Permanent Joint Board on Defence in January 1941 was told that the United States was prepared to lend to Canada either four 8-inch railway guns or eight 155-millimetre guns for strengthening the defences in this area. There was some discussion of placing armament at the west end of the Strait, but it was decided that it was sufficient to emplace two of the 8-inch guns at Christopher Point, at the south-eastern angle of Vancouver Island, as a temporary measure pending the arrival of high-angle mountings for the Esquimalt guns. This was done, and the installation of the guns on temporary concrete platforms, with crews and ammunition available, was reported complete three days before Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, although range-finding equipment was not yet installed. These guns effectively controlled the Strait.43 As already noted, the change-over of the Albert Head and Mary Hill batteries to high-angle mountings, which greatly increased their range, was carried out during 1943-44. The final stage in these installations' development was not reached until late in 1944. The anti-motor-torpedo-boat batteries for this area reached completion at the same period. It was reported in August 1944 that all the guns and mountings ordered from the United Kingdom for batteries of this type on both coasts had now been received.44\nIn the Vancouver area, activity was mainly directed to completing the pre-war Ultimate Plan. The guns on Point Grey were mounted in their permanent emplacements in the autumn of 1940.45 The 6-inch pieces at Stanley Park were exchanged in 1942 with the 4.7s at Yorke Island. In October 1941 an 18-pounder was mounted on Point Atkinson, serving in what was known as a \"bring-to\" role, in conjunction with the Naval Examination Service. Another small and very rudimentary battery was set up in October 1939, when two field guns were mounted near Steveston to stop unauthorized ships going up the Fraser River to New Westminster.46 All told, and not counting Yorke Island, five sites were occupied in the Vancouver-Fraser River sector.\nThe only other area on the Pacific coast which was defended with heavy coast artillery was that of Prince Rupert. This community was important as being the only ocean port in northern British Columbia and the terminus of a transcontinental railway line, and it had a special significance for the United States, in relation to Alaska. Seven battery sites were occupied here, including three which had formed part of the pre-war Ultimate Plan. One of these, Barrett Battery, armed with 6-inch guns, although in action from the beginning, received its final armament only in the spring of 1944.47 The others were armed with light quick-firing guns, except that two of the four 8-inch guns lent by the United States (see above) were placed in action here on their own railway mountings.48\nThere were fewer significant ports on the west coast of Canada than on the Atlantic, and for geographical reasons those that did exist were somewhat easier to defend with coast artillery than was the case in the Maritime Provinces. There was, accordingly, considerably less expansion of the gun defence programme during the war period than was the case on the Atlantic. Only four main areas were defended with coast artillery (Esquimalt-Victoria, Vancouver-Fraser River, Yorke Island and Prince Rupert), and in all 23 individual battery sites were armed. These figures do not allow for the light defences installed at four advanced R.C.A.F. stations in 1942.*\nAs we have already seen, the Pacific coast began to receive its allotment of up-todate coast-defence searchlights (which totalled 34) in the autumn of 1940. Deliveries were complete by the following February.49 Modern fire-control equipment for the gun batteries came to hand more gradually; on both coasts it built up in efficiency and completeness throughout the war, as the supply position improved and technical progress continued. The National Research Council gave constant advice and assistance in this matter. The prototype \"CDX\" radar set for controlling coast-defence fire was first operationally tested in the Halifax area in March 1943, although a set intended primarily to reveal the approach of vessels was in action there as\n*In a few cases, both on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, batteries were moved from one site to another. In such cases both sites have been counted.\nearly as 1941. At the end of hostilities technical apparatus for the control of fire, both by visual methods and by radar, had been provided and installed at all the principal sites.50\nOn neither coast of Canada did a coast-defence gun fire a single shot in anger during the war. It should not, however, be assumed from this that the guns were useless. An enemy usually prefers to go where defences are not, and the purpose of coast artillery was as much to discourage attack as to defend specific targets if an attack took place.\nThe Development of Anti-Aircraft Defences\nWe have noticed the ludicrous inadequacy of Canadian anti-aircraft defences in 1939, and the shortage of equipment which made any important improvement impossible for a long time after war began. It remains to survey the improvements which did take place later.\nIt has been made clear that early in 1941 there were in Canada still only eight efficient anti-aircraft guns, and that all of these were doing duty in protecting the port of Halifax and the great assembly of shipping normally found there. At this time alarm was felt for the security of the Aluminum Company of Canada's plant at Arvida, P.Q. The Chiefs of Staff observed on 3 March that the Commonwealth's aircraft industry was \"now about 90,70 dependent on this Plant for the supply of aluminum ingots\", and that air attack upon this \"tempting bottleneck in the Empire's war effort\" was a distinct possibility. They recommended that four A.A. guns should be transferred to Arvida from Halifax.51 It was pointed out that at the latter place there were always in harbour a considerable number of vessels with antiaircraft armament.* The War Committee approved the transfer on 12 March. On 21 April the Prime Minister told the Committee that during his recent visit to the United States he had ascertained that there was no present possibility of obtaining additional anti-aircraft guns from the United States, which was itself very short of guns. The Americans did, however, make a useful contribution at this time in the shape of .5-inch anti-aircraft machine-guns, of which 16 were loaned for use in Newfoundland, while 12 more were purchased and divided equally between Halifax, Saint John and Arvida.53 These guns were manned by artillerymen.\nThe four 3-inch guns were duly withdrawn from Halifax and two of them were disposed at Isle Maligne and two at Arvida, the latter also receiving four of the .5-inch machine guns. These dispositions were completed in\n*In April the Rear Admiral Third Battle Squadron (R.N.) placed the A.A. armament of H.M.S. Forth, lying in a berth at Halifax, under the tactical control of the Fortress Commander. Telephone communications were established between the ship and the fortress gun operations room.52\nJune; the 14th Anti-Aircraft Battery R.C.A. placed its guns in action at Arvida on the 12th of that month.54 The remaining guns at Halifax were re-deployed to cover the area to the best advantage. As equipment began to come to hand from Canadian factories, the Arvida area was more completely protected. The plan was to provide for it a total of 12 3.7-inch guns and 16 Bofors. By the autumn of 1942 this programme had been completed, except that the four 3-inch guns remained there in place of four of the proposed 3.7s.55\nOne other inland area deserves attention. This was Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, which owed its importance to the American and Canadian canals connecting Lake Superior and Lake Huron, which carry far more traffic than those of Panama and Suez combined. There was some possibility, however remote, that they might become a target for long- range air attack, perhaps launched from ships that might penetrate into Hudson Bay; and the Permanent Joint Board on Defence discussed the matter on 20 January 1941. The Board's Thirteenth Recommendation, adopted that day, advised that each government should \"constitute a single authority to be responsible for the safety of navigation through these waters\", these authorities to be clothed with the necessary powers and required to cooperate with each other. In June 1941 there were local discussions at Sault Ste. Marie between Canadian and American officers, and it became apparent that the latter feared sabotage by disaffected elements as well as a possible \"sacrifice attack by parachute troops . . . from the North\". The Americans had large plans for the military protection of the canals. So far, the Canadian canal had been guarded by the R.C.M.P., which had 23 men on duty.56\nThe Permanent Joint Board on Defence further examined the matter at its meeting of 20 January 1942, at which it was agreed that precautions at Sault Ste. Marie should be reviewed. As a result, the question of antiaircraft protection was carefully considered, and the 26th meeting of the P.J.B.D. (25-26 February 1942) was told that the United States intended to augment its forces in the area with an anti-aircraft regiment (less one gun battalion), a squadron of pursuit aircraft, and barrage balloons. The Board's Twenty-fifth Recommendation, passed at this meeting, was to the effect that the R.C.A.F. should undertake further study of the danger to the Sault Ste. Marie area, and the Canadian Army assign a four-gun heavy anti-aircraft battery to protect the Canadian locks. It was recommended that the United States Army lend the necessary guns if Canada could not provide them, and that the Canadian battery should come under the operational command of the Commanding General of the United States Military District of Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. The battery was formed at once and sent to Halifax for training. The Cabinet War Committee was told on 26 March that while the Canadian Chiefs os staff felt the risk at the\nMap 2: Pacific Coast Defences\nSault was relatively slight, the concern of the U.S. Army (arising from the importance of the locks to war industry) was appreciated.\nBefore the Canadian battery was ready, gunsites protecting the canals on the Canadian side were set up and manned by United States artillery in April 1942.57 That autumn the United States, with Canadian permission, established radar units in Northern Ontario to cover Sault Ste. Marie; the 671st Signal Air Warning Reporting Company had its headquarters at Kapuskasing and subordinate stations at Armstrong, Nakina, Hearst, and Cochrane.58 The R.C.A.F. had already set up the Central Canada Aircraft Detection Corps, which utilized the staffs of fire towers and other facilities in the area for the same purpose. In August 1942 the 40th Anti-Aircraft Battery R.C.A. had arrived at the Sault and took over a gunsite from American troops, manning U.S. guns in the first instance.59 Nevertheless, nearly 1000 American soldiers continued to be employed on Canadian soil in the area.60 During 1943 the opinion seems to have gained ground that the forces here were unnecessarily large. The Canadian battery was removed at the end of the navigation season, and shortly afterwards the United States troops were withdrawn from Canada and the anti-aircraft equipment guarding the canals was sent elsewhere.61\nTo return to the coastal areas, the problem of increasing their anti-aircraft defences was entirely one of equipment. In 1940 it had been decided to manufacture both 3.7-inch and 40-mm. guns in Canada, and beginning on 28 June the Department of National Defence placed \"contract demands\" that summer for 200 of the former and 112 of the latter. These orders were later increased.62 Predictors to control the fire of both types of weapon were made in the United States.* As for radar fire-control equipment, the first two sets, ordered from the War Office in October 1939, were delivered in Canada in August 1940. Manufacture was then undertaken in Canada. The first sets were made by the National Research Council laboratories, which achieved production in ten months; thereafter manufacture was turned over to Research Enterprises Limited, a Crown company. In January 1941, 40 \"GL Mk IIIC\" sets were ordered for use in Canada, and 11 more were ordered a year later.64 However, no operational set was installed on a Canadian gunsite until November 1942, when one arrived at Arvida.65 Searchlights were also required, but changing doctrine concerning such equipment held up action. By the autumn of 1941 it had been decided that a total of 80 anti-aircraft lights were required in Canada; at this time there were on hand only 37 modern and five obsolescent ones, all on the Atlantic Coast.66\nInevitably, there was a long wait for the guns ordered in Canada. The first 3.7-inch gun from Canadian production was not delivered until the end\n*The ultimate Canadian production of complete guns for all accounts, Canadian and other, amounted to 1735 3.7-inch and 4352 Bofors, plus much larger numbers of separate barrels.63\nof March 1942, difficulties in the manufacture of the mounting being responsible for the delay. The first three 40-mm. Bofors guns were reported received during the week ending 13 December 1941-the week of Pearl Harbor.67\nThe plan for the anti-aircraft defence of the Atlantic Coast, as it stood in May 1942, provided for fourteen defended areas (including Arvida); the largest being Halifax, which was estimated to require 28 3.7-inch guns and 16 Bofors. All told, at this period, the estimate was that this coast needed 112 heavy guns and 114 light ones. This included armament for six areas in Newfoundland territory, among them the airports at Gander and at Goose Bay in Labrador. Twelve more light guns were allotted to protection of coast- defence batteries.68 This plan was somewhat modified later. The peak of the Atlantic and interior defences was reached in September 1943, when all guns allotted under the amended ultimate scale of defence were reported ready for action: 108 heavy and 138 Bofors guns. There were also 36 mobile Bofors.69 This includes Sault Ste. Marie as well as Arvida. At this time not all the batteries were fully trained, nor was fire-control equipment quite complete.\nOn the Pacific Coast, to which of course priority was given after Pearl Harbor, there was rapid development from that time onward. The ultimate scale for this coast, as the plan stood in May 1942, called for 48 3.7s and 78 Bofors, plus 14 more Bofors for the coast-defence batteries. At this time there were only eight 3.7s and 12 Bofors actually in British Columbia.70 By November 1943 there were 56 3.7-inch and 142 Bofors guns (including 36 mobile ones) on the coast. Fourteen heavy anti-aircraft sites were manned,six in the area centred on Vancouver, three each at Prince Rupert and Victoria-Esquimalt, and two at the aerodrome at Patricia Bay.71\nThe Security of the Atlantic Coast After Dunkirk\nSo far we have been considering the development of static defences, which it was convenient to treat as an independent subject. It is now time to deal with the mobile military defences and relate them to the changing course of the war.\nThat there was no German activity in Canadian waters during the first two years of the war was due to Adolf Hitler's desire to avoid trouble with the United States. In a conference on 23 February 1940, Admiral Raeder, Commander-in-Chief of the German Navy, recommended that two submarines be sent to operate off Halifax with mines and torpedoes. He had \"cleared\" the project with the Foreign Office; but Hitler refused his consent \"in view of the psychological effect on the U.S.A.\" The Admiral was disgusted.72 Nevertheless, Hitler's decision was a sound one from the German\npoint of view. Nothing could have been better calculated to excite American public opinion than a sudden burst of submarine activity in North American waters in the midst of the \"phony war\". As it was, submarines stayed away from those waters until after Pearl Harbor, and the German surface raiders also kept their distance, although they made several thrusts against Halifax convoys in mid-Atlantic. The Scharnhorst and Gneisenau sank five ships some 500 miles east of Newfoundland in February 1941 and 16 ships in the same general area in March.73\nWe have already mentioned that an early consequence of the Allied disaster in North- West Europe in the spring of 1940 was decisions taken during May to reinforce the Canadian troops in England and dispatch other units to the West Indies and Iceland. As the situation overseas went from bad to worse, the Canadian Government became increasingly anxious for the security of Canadian soil. A meeting of the Cabinet War Committee on 29 May canvassed the extent to which contributions to the defence of Britain had left Canada undefended (on 23 May the Committee had agreed to send overseas four destroyers of the Royal Canadian Navy, the entire force actually available at that moment; and the R.C.A.F.'s only effective fighter squadron was also under orders for the United Kingdom). At this period there was talk of forming a Ministry of Home Defence, and appointing a Commander-in-Chief of Home Forces. These particular steps were not taken; but many emergency measures were put into effect during the summer for the security of Canada and particularly of the Maritime Provinces.\nOn 14 June, the day on which Paris fell to the Germans, the War Committee discussed the crisis at length, noting that it was necessary to consider the possibility of having to provide bases in Canada for the British Fleet, in case things got still worse. The Chiefs of Staff were accordingly instructed to prepare a full report on the defensive situation on the Atlantic Coast, with special reference to the question of naval bases. The Chiefs referred this requirement to their Joint Planning Sub-Committee, composed of senior staff officers of the three services; and this body shortly produced a first draft of a new \"Chiefs of Staff Committee Plan for the Defence of Canada\".74 This proposed, broadly speaking, the following measures: developing the defences of the east and west coasts and of the interior to the extent that the resources of the country permitted; organizing a large mobile force capable of rapidly reinforcing either coast and resisting attacks from the north; steps for maintaining internal security and providing against sabotage; and arrangements for the cooperation of the United States. In connection with this last point, the draft emphasized that American assistance was essential if Canada was to be defended against a first-class power. For such cooperation to be effective, the United States forces would require operational facilities over and above those needed by the Canadian forces, and with this in view it was very desirable that staff conversations between the Canadian\nand American services should be undertaken immediately.* On the special question of naval bases on the Atlantic coast, to be available for British and United States forces cooperating in the defence of Canada, the draft proposed that new bases should be set up without delay at Gaspe and Shelburne, plus an advanced base in Newfoundland. The Sub-Committee suggested that the Army's main role in defence, apart from developing the static defences of the east coast, should be the provision of the Mobile Force, which should be on as large a scale as the manpower and equipment situations permitted. A force of two divisions, plus a considerable number of ancillary units including five motorcycle regiments, was recommended.\nThis draft plan was submitted to the Minister of National Defence on 9 July,75 but was subsequently considerably altered. General Crerar, who became Chief of the General Staff on 22 July, offered comments on the scheme to the Minister the following day.76 He considered that a large mobile force would be \"both a wasteful and also an inadequate answer to our problem\"; what was required was adequate defences and garrisons at those points against which the enemy might throw a raiding force, and in rear of these defences a mobile reserve equivalent to three brigade groups available for rapid counter-attacks. Crerar had refused to allow the threatening situation abroad to throw him into a state of panic. \"With a very considerable portion of the British fleet and possibly of the British Air Force based on Canada\", he wrote, \"I maintain that there is still no probability of an attempt by Germany to invade this country for a period of months if not indeed of years.\" He discounted any possibility of Japanese or Russian attack on the west coast \"under present or prospective world conditions\"; the military organization of the east coast was \"the really urgent matter\" so far as home defence was concerned. As noted in an earlier chapter, Crerar emphasized that everything else was subordinate in importance to strengthening Canada's first line of defence-the British Isles.\nThe new Minister of National Defence (Colonel Ralston) was evidently impressed by these recommendations, and immediately authorized the organization of the three brigade groups which the C.G.S. had indicated as required for a reserve for the Maritime Provinces.77 These would be found from the 3rd Division, whose formation had been approved on 17 May. The draft \"Chiefs of Staff Committee Plan for the Defence of Canada\" was revised in August along the lines advised by General Crerar.78 The duties of the Mobile Reserve were defined to be to provide means of reinforcing coastal garrisons, dealing with enemy attacks in coastal areas not at present garrisoned, and ensuring the maintenance of internal security. The Mobile Reserve was to consist, for the present, of the 3rd Division, which, less one\n*The Americans were not less anxious for this than the Canadians, and after preliminary discussions staff conversations took place in Washington in July. This matter will be dealt with in a later volume.\nbrigade group, would be concentrated in the Truro area. The remaining brigade group would be at Sussex, N.B. As we have already seen, the units began to move into these areas that autumn.\nCrerar's memorandum to the Minister written on 23 July79 also recommended important changes in command arrangements. Concerning the command of Army forces in the coastal areas, as referred to in the draft plan, he wrote:\nI do not concur in the proposal that operational command of these forces can remain under the District Officer Commanding. I consider that a Command Headquarters (Operational) with adequate staff should be established in the Maritimes with operational control over those Army forces earmarked for the defence of the Maritime Provinces, including the Gulf of St. Lawrence area and Newfoundland, and that following this a similar Command Headquarters (Operational) should be established in British Columbia. The function of the several District Headquarters in the Eastern area and of the one in M.D. 11 under the conditions which Canada now faces should be restricted to administration and to the command and training of those troops not actually allotted to Command Headquarters for operational purposes. It should be noted, incidentally, that such organization would fit in with the Operational Zones established by the Royal Canadian Air Force.\nThis recommendation also was approved by the Minister in principle on the following day,80 and action followed immediately. On 1 August Major-General W. H. P. Elkins, formerly Master General of the Ordnance, was appointed G.O.C.-in-C. Atlantic Command with headquarters at Halifax. The Command thus set up comprised the whole of Military Districts Nos. 6 and 7 (that is to say, the Provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island), and those portions of Military District No. 5 lying east of \"a line drawn between Cape Chidley (Hudson Strait) and the mouth of the Saguenay River and extending southerly from the St. Lawrence along the Temiscouata Railway from Riviere du Loup to Edmundston, New Brunswick.\" It also included Newfoundland and Labrador.81 The responsibilities of the G.O.C.-in-C. were defined as requiring him to:\n\"1. Represent the Army as regards all operational matters which affect all three Services in the Atlantic Command and in the closest co-operation with the equivalent commanders of the R.C.N. and R.C.A.F. in that area.\n2. Control all mobile forces which may be placed under his command for operational purposes in the defence of the Atlantic Area. 3. Exercise operational control through Fortress Commanders, etc., over all units comprising the garrisons of all fortresses, defended ports and defended areas in the Atlantic Command. 4. Be responsible for internal security measures and protection of such vulnerable points in the Atlantic Command as are defined by policy as military responsibilities. 5. Be responsible for the training of the units and formations under his command.˛82\nThe G.O.C. Mobile Reserve (who for the moment was the G.O.C. 3rd Canadian Division) was under the command of the G.O.C.-in-C. for all operational matters. The District Officers Commanding Military Districts Nos. 5, 6 and 7 were responsible for the training, administration and maintenance\nof all units, etc., in their Districts, other than those under the operational control of the G.O.C.-in-C. Atlantic Command; and for the maintenance of all units and formations in their Districts, including those under such operational control. The D.O.C. Military District No. 6 was made responsible for the administration and maintenance of Canadian Army forces in Newfoundland.83\nSo far as relations between the services were concerned, it was provided that in the coastal areas \"Command of the Navy, Army and Air Force will be exercised by a joint system of command\", under which the commanders would have \"a collective as well as an individual responsibility for the success of the enterprise as a whole\". A joint operations room was to be maintained on each coast.84 Joint Service Committees, composed of the senior officers of the three services in the area, already existed on both coasts. Headquarters of the Eastern Air Command of the R.C.A.F. and those of the\nR.C.N. for the Atlantic Coast were already established at Halifax, and coordination was thus comparatively easily arranged. As the spring of 1941 approached, the Cabinet War Committee was still anxious about the east coast. In February the Chiefs of Staff made a new appreciation85 which emphasized once more the fact that any attempt at the invasion of Canada \"by actual or potential hostile Powers\" was not to be feared \"so long as the defence of the British Isles successfully continues.\" On the other hand, the Chiefs pointed out that it must now be becoming clear to Hitler \"that no consideration on his part can deter the United States from pursuing a course aimed at his eventual overwhelming defeat\". In these circumstances, every day increased the chances of \"tip-and-run\" sea and air raids against the east coast; and it was pointed out that, while existing Army preparations were sufficient to provide against enemy landings, \"we continue to find ourselves inadequately furnished with Naval and Air forces, and with anti-aircraft guns and equipment, to ensure that raids by hostile naval or air forces against ports, the shipping in them, and other important objectives, are met with adequate resistance\". The conclusion was that an increase of naval and air forces on the east coast of Canada was necessary, and that the only source of such forces in existing circumstances was the active cooperation of the United States (with which, of course, Canada was now engaged in joint planning through the Permanent Joint Board on Defence). This appreciation was discussed by the Chiefs of Staff with the War Committee on 26 February, and the former pointed out that under existing conditions, with Britain still inadequately armed and under the threat of invasion, it would not be reasonable to expect reinforcements from the United Kingdom. It was agreed, however, that the defensive position of Canada as seen by the Chiefs of Staff should be communicated to the British Government.\nMr. King accordingly, on 2 March, sent to Mr. Churchill two cables86 giving the text of the appreciation and making the point that since the outbreak of war the Canadian Government, on the Chiefs' advice, had \"consistently followed a policy of sending all possible aid to the United Kingdom, desipte the fact that this has necessarily involved the weakening of Canada's own defences\". Giving details of the inadequacy of the naval and air forces available in the Atlantic coastal area, Mr. King remarked that the situation had been causing the War Committee \"a good deal of concern\". He added:\nWe have, from the beginning, realized the serious implications in regard to home defence of sending you every possible assistance, naval, military and air. Our Chiefs of Staff believe the policy followed has been wise and justified by results. At the same time we cannot be unmindful of our direct responsibility for the defence of Canadian shores, and of the effect upon the common effort and Canadian morale should our coast and harbours be attacked and our defences prove inadequate to an emergency. In particular the importance of adequate protection for the convoy assembly port of Halifax and strategic approaches thereto cannot be too strongly emphasized. We should be very glad to have your views on the situation and to learn whether, having in mind the requirements of various theatres of war, it will be possible to strengthen those features of our home defence position which Chiefs of Staff's analysis has shown to be inadequate.\nThe nature of Mr. Churchill's reply,87 sent on 24 March, might have been anticipated. The enemy, he wrote, was making \"an extreme effort both at sea and in the air\" against British trade; more bombing of the British Isles had to be provided against; and \"a large scale attempt at invasion\" was still a likely contingency. The United Kingdom authorities thought tip-andrun raids on the Canadian eastern seaboard unlikely; enemy raiders were more likely to attack the shipping routes in the western Atlantic. In these circumstances, said Mr. Churchill, \"The position is bluntly that we have not all the equipment that would enable us to give complete protection on both sides of the Atlantic, and the question is therefore how can we make best use of material we have, having regard to what the enemy is trying to do and probabilities as to his future course of action. . . . If we were to divert any substantial part of our forces from their present area of operations to cover wider areas where there is admittedly some risk of enemy action, we should only imperil the whole and play into his hands.\"\nThe Security of the Pacific Coast After Pearl Harbor\nThe problem which faced the Canadian Government and Chiefs of Staff in their own sphere was similar to Mr. Churchill's. There was not enough equipment-not nearly enough‹to afford complete protection to all parts of Canada, and as long as Japan remained neutral and the Pacific Ocean remained in some degree true to its name, it was obviously necessary to give priority to the Atlantic coastal area. It was the easier to do so in that the Pacific Coast, having itself received a comparable priority for some years\nbefore the outbreak of war, was already moderately well defended. All this changed abruptly on 7 December 1941 when the Japanese launched their tremendous attack. During the months that followed, although the German menace to the Atlantic Coast had not diminished-indeed, it grew more serious, as the U-boats now for the first time appeared in North American waters-the security of British Columbia became the first domestic concern of the national government.\nThe west coast had not, of course, been wholly neglected since September 1939. On the contrary, it had received all the consideration which shortage of equipment permitted. The Government's anxieties concerning the attitude of Japan in the summer of 1940 have been noted, as has the retention of the 6th Brigade at Shill as a precautionary measure (see above, page 86). As we have also seen, General Crerar in July 1940 had recommended setting up a Pacific Command as well as one on the Atlantic. This was done in the following October, when Major-General R. O. Alexander was appointed G.O.C.-in-C. Pacific Command. His command comprised the whole of Military Districts Nos. 11 and 13-that is, the Provinces of British Columbia and Alberta, the Yukon Territory and the District of Mackenzie. General Alexander assumed operational command throughout this area, but while retaining full responsibility for administrative policy he delegated his authority in administrative matters to the District Officers Commanding.88 (In the first instance, General Alexander was appointed to perform the duties of D.O.C. Military District No. 11 as well as those of G.O.C.-in-C. The two appointments were separated for a time in 1942, but after June of that year no D.O.C. was appointed.)\nSince the beginning of the war, the three main defended areas in British Columbia had been organized as separate subordinate commands. The Victoria-Esquimalt fortress, the Vancouver area (including Yorke Island), and the Prince Rupert area were all under specific defence commanders. Upon taking command on the Pacific Coast, General Alexander recommended that, with a view to providing a mobile reserve, an infantry brigade group (less artillery) should be stationed in the Nanaimo area of Vancouver Island.89 This arrangement was carried out in February 1941, when the headquarters of the 10th Infantry Brigade was set up at Nanaimo.90 This brigade moved east in the following May, and its place at Nanaimo was taken by the 13th, an independent brigade formerly stationed in the Niagara Peninsula.91 In July 1941 the Cabinet War Committee (as noted in Chapter III) authorized the formation of the three brigade groups of the 6th Division for home defence purposes;* the 13th Brigade was now incorporated in this division and remained in its position of readiness at Nanaimo. The other\n*In this connection, reference was made to an understanding with the United States that Canada would maintain a general reserve of not less than two divisions. This understanding, often mentioned,92 was apparently never reduced to the shape of a formal agreement.\ntwo brigades were to be concentrated in the Niagara Peninsula and at Valcartier; the 15th Brigade, at the latter station, would be considered a potential reserve for Pacific Command. As for the Maritimes, their security was provided for by the 4th Division, which moved into Debert and Sussex when the 3rd went overseas.93\nOn 18 November 1941, when the Allied governments had begun to worry seriously about Japanese intentions, the Chief of the General Staff (General Crerar) reported to the Minister of National Defence that the dispositions which had been made on the west coast were, with certain exceptions, \"adequate for the purpose of meeting the anticipated forms and scales of attack\" in the event of war with Japan.94 The exceptions were the absence of antiaircraft units, for which there was still no equipment, and the fact that four platoons of the Veterans Guard of Canada, required for the protection of certain R.C.A.F. stations, had not yet been provided. These platoons had however been authorized and organization was being pushed. One other deficiency was the inadequacy of the coast artillery defences to deal with long-range bombardment, the guns being still on low-angle mountings.\nAt this time a very considerable force was already deployed on the Coast. An infantry battalion of the Active Force was stationed in each of the three main defended areas mentioned above: Victoria-Esquimalt, Vancouver-New Westminster, and Prince Rupert. The Prince Rupert battalion had a company detached at the R.C.A.F. station at Alliford Bay in the Queen Charlotte Islands. The 13th Infantry Brigade with its own three battalions remained at Nanaimo as a general reserve for Pacific Command; and platoons of the Veterans Guard were on duty at the R.C.A.F. stations at Ucluelet (two, to be increased to four), Coal Harbour (two, to be increased to three), and Bella Bella (one, to be increased to two).95\nGeneral Crerar's memorandum continued:\nWhile the present dispositions are considered adequate to meet any situation that might arise, it must be anticipated that on the outbreak of war strong pressure may be brought upon the Government to increase the Active forces in British Columbia. In that event, it might become necessary to move additional troops from Eastern Canada to the Pacific Coast.\nIt was to appear in due course that this was a very accurate appreciation.\nOn the evening of Sunday, 7 December 1941, the Chiefs of Staff met with the War Committee to discuss the new situation created by the Japanese attack which had taken place that day. Canada had already declared war on Japan. Crerar reported again that he considered Army dispositions on the Pacific Coast reasonably satisfactory except for the absence of anti-air craft artillery. Everything possible to provide against air attack was done immediately. When the War Committee met again on 10 December it was reported that\nR.C.A.F. strength on the coast was being built up and some anti-aircraft guns were being sent to British Columbia. The\npoint was made that it would be playing into the enemy's hands to shift a disproportionate amount of force from east to west; in particular, there was mention of the importance of anti-aircraft protection at Halifax and at Newfoundland Airport. The Vice Chief of the General Staff (Major-General Stuart) was able to report however that the guns being dispatched were the first three Bofors coming direct from the factory, and the four A.A. Machine-guns from Arvida. Subsequently, early in January, two 3.7-inch guns, manned by a section of No. 1 Anti-Aircraft Battery R.C.A. from Halifax, were also sent from eastern Canada. These appear to have been the two guns lately received from England (see above, page 148), which had been used for training purposes. Six anti-aircraft searchlights, previously destined for the east coast, were diverted to Esquimalt in December.96\nWithin a few weeks of Pearl Harbor, everything that circumstances permitted had been done to strengthen the anti-aircraft defences of the Pacific Coast. It was little enough. At Esquimalt were two Bofors guns protecting the naval dockyard and the great drydock; the third Bofors was at the R.C.A.F. station at Patricia Bay, where also were the two 3.7s. At Patricia Bay too the machine-guns and crews from Arvida were kept until late in February, when two more Bofors arrived there and the machine-guns were released-two to the Sea Island air station near Vancouver, the others to Esquimalt.97 It was an unimpressive array, and it was lucky that the enemy attempted nothing against the Pacific Coast in these early weeks, for it offered targets worthy of his attention. On 25 February 1942 the diary of the 2nd Anti-Aircraft Battery at Esquimalt recorded that the liner Queen Elizabeth had entered the drydock, and remarked, \"$80,000,000 more in property for us to protect with our two guns.\" The period of worst anxiety ended with the arrival on the Coast, in April 1942, of the first 3.7-inch guns from Canadian production.98 From this time the situation steadily improved (see above, page 160).\nWhile doing what it could to strengthen British Columbia's anti-aircraft defences, National Defence Headquarters was also moving more troops into the province. On 12 December the 18th (Manitoba) Reconnaissance Battalion,* then at Camp Borden, was ordered to Vancouver Island, and arrived there on the 19th. It was placed under Headquarters Victoria and Esquimalt Fortress as a local mobile reserve.99 Simultaneously, in accordance with orders issued earlier, three field batteries of artillery were moved from stations on the Prairies to New Westminster and organized into the 21st Field Regiment\nR.C.A. It moved to Nanaimo in March.100 A field company of Engineers for the 13th Brigade was concentrated at North Vancouver early in January,101 and a field ambulance was moved from Edmonton to Nanaimo.102 The 13th Brigade was thus provided with artillery, engineers\n*Later the 18th Armoured Car Regiment (12th Manitoba Dragoons).\nand services to enable it to function as an independent brigade group. At the same time, steps were taken to protect the advanced R.C.A.F. bases on the coast. Orders had been issued on 3 December to prepare to move the required Veterans Guard platoons on short notice--two to Ucluelet, one to Coal Harbour103-‹and this was done between 11 and 15 December, Alliford Bay being reinforced simultaneously.041 In the absence of Bofors guns, Ucluelet, Alliford Bay, Bella Bella and subsequently Coal Harbour were strengthened by the provision at each of a \"Special Section\" of two 75-mm. field guns (one at Coal Harbour) manned by crews provided from the Artillery Training Centres at Brandon and Shilo.105\nThe first days of the war with Japan were anxious ones on the Pacific Coast, and the air buzzed with remarkable and alarming rumours (one of the best was the report, received on 11 December from the United States Army at Seattle, that the \"main Japanese fleet\" was \"154 miles west of San Francisco . . . headed north-east\").1-6 Nevertheless, General Alexander was able to report to Ottawa on 12 December, \"The emergency has caused a very noticeable uplift in the morale of the troops and the civilian population while remaining calm have become considerably more war minded.107 The civilians, however, became less calm as time passed; and many of them were afraid of the large Japanese population of British Columbia. Alexander reported on 30 December that this situation was \"assuming a serious aspect\". \"Letters are being written continually to the press,\" he wrote, \"and I am being bombarded by individuals, both calm and hysterical, demanding that something should be done.\" The G.O.C.-in-C. felt that there was definite danger of \"inter-racial riots and bloodshed.\" He had made preliminary arrangements for the use of troops in certain areas (\"for the protection of the Japanese against those who wish to do them violence\") if this proved necessary. He recommended removing the Japanese from the coast.108 A policy of partial evacuation was announced on 14 January, and on 26 February the evacuation was made general.109\nFanned by the agitation about the Japanese population, anxiety in British Columbia grew steadily. The Japanese armies were sweeping forth resistlessly in Asia, one Allied stronghold after another falling before them. Hong Kong surrendered on Christmas Day; British forces failed to check the invader at any point in Malaya for more than a moment, and Singapore, with a great force of troops, was lost on 15 February; in the Philippines, General MacArthur's forces continued to fight on in Bataan, but it was clear that there could be only one end. By February public opinion on Canada's Pacific coast was in a state approaching panic.\nBritish Columbia's representatives in Parliament were now bringing heavy pressure upon the Government. On 9 February a government member speaking in the House of Commons urged the Ministry to see that the coast\nwas \"supplied with everything with which it is possible to supply it-with guns and tanks, and not with a company of men, but with divisions of men.\"110 The Province's representative in the Cabinet took a similar, line. The day before Singapore fell Mr. Ian Mackenzie (Minister of Pensions and National Health, and a former Minister of National Defence) wrote to the Prime Minister:111\nI am receiving repeated representations from British Columbia in regard to our Pacific Coast defences. I feel, not being a member of the War Committee, I am not exactly sufficiently conversant with what is transpiring, although the Ministers separately have been very courteous in giving me the necessary information. . . .\nMy definite impressions are, after having information in regard to what has been done, that the preparations on the Pacific Coast are entirely inadequate. . . .\nI feel, in regard to the military situation, that we should have at least two mobile divisions on the Pacific Coast. . . .\nIt is my considered judgment, after the events of the last few days, that we should not send any more troops overseas until we have adequate defence for our own coast.\nI feel that as the Minister from British Columbia I must share some of this responsibility in a very definite way and that is why I am troubling you with this personal letter.\nFeeling continued to mount all along the Pacific Coast of North America. On 23 February a Japanese submarine fired a score of shells \"in the general direction\" of an oil refinery near Ellwood, California.112 On the 25th took place the \"Battle of Los Angeles\", when the anti-aircraft defences of that area fired 1440 rounds against Japanese raiders which appear to have existed only in the defenders' imagination.113 There were no such actual incidents in British Columbia, but the same feverish anxiety existed there, and a section of the press, far from trying to exercise a steadying influence, did the opposite. From 13 to 16 March the Vancouver Sun published a series of articles entitled \"The Derelict Defense\", which complained that the General Staff was devoting far too much energy and thought to intervention in Europe, and not nearly enough to the defence of the west coast. The writer remarked, \"Our present defense is based on the assumption that we must surrender, and might as well do it first, rather than last.\"*\nOn 16 March Premier Hart of British Columbia discussed the situation with the senior officers of the three services in his province. General Alexander pointed out to him the undesirability of piling up troops and weapons, in numbers exceeding those required to meet any probable scale of attack, in areas like British Columbia which were not directly threatened,\n*This quotation is from the article of 14 March. This and other passages were deleted from later editions by the Press Censor, who had not seen the original one. The damage done to public morale by articles such as this needed no demonstration. Legal action was taken against the newspaper by the Crown. It pleaded guilty to a charge under Section 16, Defence of Canada Regulations (other charges being withdrawn) and was fined $300. On 23 April the Sun published an editorial on the fine, claiming that its criticisms, by inducing the Government to provide more defences, had \"actually damaged the enemy\". This, however well meant, would seem to be difficult to justify. Accumulating men and equipment uselessly on the B.C. coast could give the enemy nothing but satisfaction.114\nand explained that the risk of minor \"nuisance\" attacks was one that must be accepted. The Premier replied that he appreciated these facts, but the people of the province were alarmed and were \"obsessed with the necessity of the adequate protection of British Columbia from any possible eventuality and until this can be assured did not appreciate the necessity of sending weapons and equipment abroad\".115 Alexander faced an unpleasant situation. On 19 March he reported to Ottawa, \"The morale of the public in British Columbia is undoubtedly at a very low ebb\", adding that \"the wildest statements and rumours\" were in circulation.116\nAll this pressure had its due effect. It may be recalled that in November 1941 General Crerar, in his final submission concerning the 1942 Army Programme, had noted that while there was no factor in the existing situation warranting the mobilization of an additional division, if conditions changed for the worse he might be obliged to recommend the completion of the 6th Division and the mobilization of the brigade groups of a 7th (see above, page 96). By February 1942 it had been decided that this action was necessary,117 and on 16 March the new Chief of the General Staff (Lieut.General Stuart) formally recommended it to the Minister.118 On 18 March this great expansion of the Army was approved by the War Committee, which at the same time authorized a very large increase in the Home War Establishment of the R.C.A.F., estimated to cost $206 million. (The actual strength of the R.C.A.F. in Canada increased during 1942 from 16 squadrons to 36.)119 The Committee was told that General McNaughton, in conversation with the Prime Minister, had recognized the need of measures to allay public apprehension and favoured a large mobile force on the West Coast. Even this action, however, was now considered inadequate, and a project for mobilizing still another home defence division suddenly emerged. On 20 March the C.G.S., remarking that the Combined Chiefs of Staff had recently revised their estimate of scales of attack on the Pacific Coast to include the possibility of a raid by an enemy force of up to two brigades, recommended the completion of the 7th Division and formation of the brigade groups of an 8th.120 The War Committee approved this the same evening. That the expenditure on the armed services for the fiscal year 1942-43 was nearly double that for 1941-42 was due in no small part to the excitement in British Columbia.\nThe measures we have described were not the whole story. On 7 March authority had been given for mobilizing five unbrigaded infantry battalions to be used for airport defences in British Columbia and as local reserves at Vancouver, Kamloops and Terrace.121 In addition, on 17 February the Cabinet had approved the mobilization of anti-aircraft units (four batteries, six troops and five sections) \"to cover all anti-aircraft equipment likely to be available to Pacific Command in 1942\", as well as similar provision for Atlantic Command. In April most of these units were converted into batteries of double or treble the size originally planned, and at the same time the\nformation of three additional batteries and one more troop was authorized. Again Atlantic Command was similarly treated.122\nAs early as 11 March, even before the mobilization of the new divisions had been authorized, a decision had been taken to dispose three brigade groups in Pacific Command, against the possibility of raids on an increased scale;123 and in the course of the spring troops moved west until at the end of May there were 13 infantry battalions in the Command. Six more arrived in June. The original plan was to use the 6th Division on the Atlantic Coast, where it would replace the 4th when the latter went overseas; but almost immediately this arrangement was changed, and the 7th Division was sent to Debert and Sussex as general reserve for the Atlantic Command. The 6th and two brigade groups of the 8th were now to be general reserve for Pacific Command and Western Canada. The 8th's third brigade group would go to Valcartier as mobile reserve for Eastern Canada.124 On 17 June 1942, in the midst of a further flurry of excitement in British Columbia resulting from the Japanese invasion of the Aleutian Islands, the War Committee authorized the completion of the order of battle of the 8th Division. When the two new divisional headquarters were formed, the 6th Division (commanded by Major- General A. E. Potts) took responsibility for Vancouver Island, with its headquarters at Esquimalt. The northern section of British Columbia-north of a line running from Bella Bella on the coast inland by way of Chilko Lake to Ashcroft, west of Kamloops, and on along the main line of the Canadian National Railways to the Alberta border west of Jasper -was the responsibility of Major-General H. N. Ganong, G.O.C. 8th Division, with headquarters at Prince George. He was responsible for the Queen Charlotte Islands and the U.S. aerodrome at Annette Island, but not for the R.C.A.F. aerodrome at Bella Bella.125 (The 7th Division was commanded by Major-General P. E. Leclerc, with headquarters at Debert.) All three divisional commanders had formerly commanded brigades overseas.\nThe March excitement produced a change in command arrangements on both coasts. The matter had been discussed by the War Committee on 18 and 20 February, the Chiefs of Staff being present on the latter occasion. The Chiefs argued that the existing arrangements-coordination through a Joint Service Committee on each coast‹amounted in fact to unified command and that cooperation was preferable to complete unification. However, they produced on 10 March a new formula under which the senior member of the Joint Service Committee on each coast would be designated Commanderin-Chief of the defences on that coast, and would exercise, in emergency, strategic direction of the other two services as well as tactical command of his own. This arrangement the War Committee approved on 18 March.* Under it General Alexander became Commander-in-Chief, West Coast Defences.126\n*This matter will be dealt with in greater detail in a later volume.\nThe Aleutian flurry began late in May of 1942. The United States naval authorities received information that the Japanese were planning a thrust at Midway Island combined with a secondary operation against the Aleutians.127 This information was in General Alexander's hands by 20 May and he passed it on to his senior commanders, pointing out that the enemy might attempt something against Prince Rupert.128 In the last days of the month the developing threat caused alarm in Ottawa, and on 30 May the Chief of the General Staff, Lieut.-General Stuart, arrived on the Pacific Coast to take personal control.129 Throughout the summer Stuart combined the appointment of C.G.S. with that of G.O.C.-in-C. Pacific Command.130 General Alexander was appointed Inspector General for Central Canada with effect from 1 July. Major-General G. R. Pearkes, V.C. (who had commanded the 1st Division overseas since July 1940) was subsequently brought back to become G.O.C.-in-C. Pacific Command, and took over on 2 September.\nThe Japanese occupied the two Aleutian islands of Kiska and Attu on 6 and 7 June, and when this became known it inevitably caused further anxiety in British Columbia. This was heightened when on 20 June enemy shells fell upon Canadian soil for the only time in either World War. Japanese sources indicate that as part of the Midway-Aleutian operations two submarines, 1-25 and 1-26, had been stationed off Seattle for reconnaissance purposes but were subsequently ordered to move to the Aleutian area. During this move they seized the opportunity of spreading alarm and despondency on the Pacific Coast; 1-25 shelled Fort Stevens, Oregon, and 1-26 the isolated wireless station and lighthouse at Estevan Point, Vancouver Island. The shelling at Estevan was very ineffective, causing no casualties and virtually no damage.131\nAs we shall see (below, page 493), the enemy's Aleutian enterprise was not the beginning of an offensive move against the American continent. He had no plan for an invasion of the mainland. The situation was pretty clear at the time to the U.S. Army Commander in Alaska, Major-General Simon B. Buckner, who said of the possibility of a Japanese invasion of the United States by way of Alaska, \"They might make it, but it would be their grandchildren who finally got there; and by then they would all be American citizens anyway!˛132 But ordinary Americans and Canadians did not have Buckner's professional knowledge and cool military judgement, and the new Japanese activity produced widespread alarm.\nThis emergency caused efforts to accelerate the large defence measures already under way in the Pacific, and led to a reinforcement of the Prince Rupert area. We have already noted that orders were given at this time to complete the organization of the 8th Division. The approach of the crisis had occasioned an extension of R.C.A.F. activities into Alaska, which led in turn to the presence of some Canadian Army units there. Two R.C.A.F. squadrons were stationed at the American airfield on Annette Island in the\nsouthern tip of the Alaska panhandle, a position of great importance to the defence of Prince Rupert; and General Stuart arranged to send Canadian anti-aircraft gunners to protect the field. The first detachment arrived on 1 June.133 At the same time the antiaircraft defences of Prince Rupert were further strengthened by dispatching six Bofors guns from the Artillery Training Centre at Petawawa; Victoria got six others, from Debert.134 Shortly afterwards mobile defence for the line of the Canadian National Railways along the Skeena between Terrace and Prince Rupert was provided in the form of an armoured train. The train, mounting two 75-mm. guns, four Bofors and two searchlights, had accommodation for artillerymen to man the guns plus an infantry company. It made its first trip between Terrace and Prince Rupert on 29 July, and during the rest of the summer it covered the 90 miles between the two places almost every day.135\nAnother measure of local defence, authorized during the February excitement, was the organization of the auxiliary corps subsequently named the Pacific Coast Militia Rangers. This force soon grew to a strength of 14,000 men,* with 115 companies organized from the Queen Charlotte Islands to the American border.137 The fundamental idea behind it was to utilize the local knowledge of fishermen, trappers, farmers and other residents of the coastal region, who would provide information for the regular forces and report subversive activities or sabotage, in addition to resisting minor enemy' attacks. Training was limited to preparations for these tasks; there was, special emphasis on rifle practice, usually carried out on ranges constructed by the men themselves. The P.C.M.R. wore khaki denim uniforms with a distinctive arm-band. Had there been any active operations on the coast, this force would certainly have played a useful part.\nThe most northerly post occupied by the Canadian Army during the war on a long- term basis was Whitehorse, Yukon Territory. The aerodrome here was an important link in the Northwest Staging Route, which had been developed to provide the United States with an airway to Alaska.138 An aerodrome defence platoon was sent to protect it in the autumn of 1942. In the early summer of 1943 an anti-aircraft battery with Bofors guns was sent in. Both units were withdrawn in August of the same year after the Japanese had been driven from the Aleutians.139\nHome Defence at its Peak\nThe numerical strength of Pacific Command reached its peak in the spring and early summer of 1943; on 12 June, 34,316 all ranks of the Active\n*Its peak strength (31 August 1943) was 14,849 all ranks.136\nArmy* were stationed within its boundaries.140 Headquarters Pacific Command was located at Vancouver, having moved from Esquimalt on 30 November 1942. The Command was organized in four main subordinate areas, as follows. The Vancouver Island area was commanded by the G.O.C. 6th Canadian Division, who in March had under his command the 13th Infantry Brigade at Nanaimo and the 18th Infantry Brigade at Port Alberni, while the troops of the Victoria-Esquimalt fortress, including three infantry battalions and a reconnaissance regiment, provided, with the fixed defences, .rather more than the equivalent of a third brigade group. The Northern British Columbia area was commanded by the G.O.C. 8th Division, who had the 14th Infantry Brigade at Terrace and the 16th Infantry Brigade at Prince George, in addition to the Prince Rupert Defences, which included two infantry battalions. The third area was Vancouver Defences, which had two infantry battalions under command in addition to its artillery units. The fourth subordinate command was the Command reserve, consisting of the 19th Infantry Brigade, at Vernon. This location, well back in the interior, with good communications both north and south, would allow the brigade to move rapidly to any threatened point on the coast. All told, there were 21 infantry battalions in the Command. One of these, the 3rd Battalion, Regina Rifle Regiment, became during the summer the 2nd Airfield Defence Battalion and absorbed the Aerodrome Defence Companies protecting the various R.C.A.F. stations.141\nThe Atlantic Command reached its peak strength at about the same period, on 17 April 1943, when the number of troops in the Command was 24,784 all ranks.142 Its operational strength consisted largely of the 7th Division, whose headquarters was still at Debert. With it at that station were the 15th and 20th Infantry Brigade Groups. At Sussex, N.B., was the 17th Infantry Brigade Group. The G.O.C. 7th Canadian Division had no fortress or defended port garrison under his command; his formation's role was purely that of mobile reserve. In all, there were 18 infantry battalions in Atlantic Command in April 1943 (not including two which were being prepared for dispatch overseas) : ten (counting a machine-gun battalion) were in the order of battle of the 7th Division, three were included in the garrisons of fortresses or other defended areas, and five (including one in process of relief) were in Newfoundland and Labrador.143 An Airfield Defence Battalion was subsequently organized on this coast also.\nAt Valcartier, P.Q., outside the boundaries of Atlantic Command, was the 21st Infantry Brigade Group, originally formed as part of the 8th Division. Its strength on 17th April 1943 was 3668 all ranks .144 This brigade\n*This is the highest total shown in any Army Weekly Progress Report; but Pacific Command's own Weekly Strength Return for 27 March, obviously compiled on a different basis and including certain attached personnel, gives a total of 37,800 all ranks.\ngroup was under the District Officer Commanding Military District No. 5, and was available as a reserve for the Atlantic Command and for Eastern Canada generally.*\nSecurity Measures Against the Submarine Menace in the Lower St. Lawrence\nWe have already noted that there was no enemy submarine activity in Canadian waters until after Pearl Harbor. Thereafter, however, the Germans launched an offensive along the Atlantic Coast. The attack began in the second week of January 1942, off New England, and in the spring it was extended to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the lower river. The first sinkings here took place on the night of 12-13 May, and there was further enemy activity beginning in July. During the whole shipping season of 1942, a total of 23 ships were torpedoed and 22 were sunk in the Strait of Belle Isle, the Gulf and the river.145 Inevitably, the population of the adjacent shores was alarmed and this occasioned certain protective measures on the part of the Army as well as the other services.\nOn 16 May, on orders of Headquarters Atlantic Command, one infantry company moved into the defended port of Gaspe to supplement the artillery garrison; this precaution seems to have been ordered just before the first sinkings.146 After them, General Elkins visited the Gaspe area and reported that he was satisfied with the naval and air dispositions which had been or were being made. However, he arranged for a small reconnaissance detachment from the 4th Division to stand by to move to Mont Joli for patrol duty, should the situation deteriorate.147 This move actually took place after the sinkings in July, a motor platoon from The Lake Superior Regiment being used to patrol between Bic and Cap Chat. At the same time a platoon of the Gaspe garrison was used for a similar motorized patrol along the more easterly section of the coast.148\nWhat the local population would most have liked was to have large numbers of Active Army troops deployed along the coast as protection against raids by or from submarines. However, to have allowed a mere threat by one or two U-boats to tie up thousands of soldiers in this manner would have been very poor policy. National Defence Headquarters accordingly made it clear that static protection for the communities along the lower St. Lawrence should be provided by the citizens themselves through the medium of the Reserve Army.149 An intensive recruiting campaign for the Reserve Army in the Gaspe Peninsula was launched in September 1942, and with the cooperation of the clergy and other local leaders good\n*Units in Canada and adjacent areas in April 1943 are listed in Appendix \"E\".\nprogress was made. By 18 November Brigadier G. P. Vanier, D.O.C. Military District No. 5, was able to report that some 1500 recruits had been enrolled in four supernumerary companies of the local reserve infantry unit, the 2nd (Reserve) Battalion, the Fusiliers du St. Laurent. As a result, authority was granted to organize these four companies into an additional reserve battalion (the 3rd) of this regiment, and 1000 rifles and 200 Sten guns were provided for it. Special teams of Active Army instructors trained the companies during the winter months.150\nBy February 1943 the strength of the 2nd Battalion of the Fusiliers du St. Laurent was over 1000 all ranks, and that of the 3rd over 1600. By the autumn the 2nd Battalion's strength stood at 38 officers and 1213 other ranks, and the 3rd's had risen to 49 officers and 1877 other ranks. The 3rd Battalion was redesignated in 1944 Le Regiment de Gaspe-Bonaventure. These battalions must have been by far the largest in the Canadian Army. Each had 15 full-time telephonists to man telephones at detachments where there were no civil telephone facilities. Wireless was also used. During the 1943 shipping season and the rest of the war they made a useful contribution to the maintenance of security and of public confidence in the lower St. Lawrence area. In particular, they manned road-blocks on the roads adjacent to the river, and enforced the \"dimout\" regulations upon motorists using these roads. Both battalions were trained for coast watching and local defence roles.151\nNeedless to say, these Army measures were of secondary importance in protecting the lower St. Lawrence against submarines. The best security was provided by the highly mobile units of the Navy and the Air Force. Measures taken on an inter-service basis for the protection of this region will be dealt with in a later volume. It may be noted here that there were no enemy attacks against shipping in the river and Gulf in 1943. There was a small revival of activity in the autumn of 1944, when three ships were torpedoed, though only one was lost. The Reserve Army units continued their protective activities along the Gaspe shore until after the end of hostilities in Europe.152\nThe Japanese Balloon Enterprise\nOne ingenious but ineffective Japanese project deserves brief notice: the attempt to strike at the United States and Canada with free unmanned balloons.\nThis campaign began in November 1944 and ended about 20 April 1945. The balloons were made of mulberry bark paper (in a few cases, of rubberized silk) and were filled with hydrogen. They carried a bomb-load varying between 25 and 65 pounds, frequently consisting of one high-explosive and\nfour incendiary bombs, which were released by automatic devices. They were sent off from the Kanto district of the island of Honshu, the Japanese relying on the prevailing winds over the Pacific to carry them to North America. Their calculations were not entirely unsound. Of some 9300 balloons believed to have been released, approximately 300 are known to have reached North America, and 90 of these came to Canada. Doubtless some landed in wild country and were never reported. Balloons came as far east in Canada as Manitoba, \"incidents\" being reported in that province at Trout Lake, Southern Indian Lake and Nelson House.\nThis strange scheme with its aim of blind random destruction did no harm whatever in Canada. In the United States it killed a woman and five children, all in one incident near Bly, Oregon, in May 1945, when a balloon was found and tampered with. Such were the results of a plan on which the Japanese expended much money and energy. It had been feared that they might use the ballons as agents of chemical or biological warfare; but apparently no such attempts were made.153\nSuch counter-measures as could be taken were carefully organized. The spotting and reporting of balloons was arranged for. Army bomb-disposal squads transported by the R.C.A.F. had the task of dealing with unexploded bombs when found, and the Army's Directorate of Military Operations and Planning, Ottawa, was made responsible for coordinating anti-balloon measures as between the various police, service and research authorities concerned.154 The Air Force was responsible for destroying balloons in flight; and there are three authenticated instances of such destruction by R.C.A.F. aircraft.155\nThe Canadian Army in Newfoundland\nIn 1939 the island of Newfoundland was not a part of Canada, nor was it to become such for a decade. Nevertheless, the significance of Newfoundland for Canadian security needed no emphasis. Military cooperation between the two communities was clearly of the first importance. It is true that there was no effective joint planning before the actual crisis; but cooperation began even before the Canadian declaration of war and continued throughout the conflict. In the first week of September 1939 Canada asked and received permission for R.C.A.F. aircraft to fly over Newfoundland and use the colony's airport facilities.156 Shortly thereafter steps were taken to provide the Newfoundland Government with arms and equipment, some on loan, some on repayment. The items shipped included rifles, Lewis guns and small-arms ammunition.157 In the spring of 1940 Canada agreed to provide two coast-defence guns to protect Bell Island in Conception Bay, an\nMap 3: Canada--Showing Commands, Military Districts, Home Defence Formations\nand Places of Military Importance, 1939-1945\nimportant source of iron ore. In June a Canadian engineer officer went to Newfoundland to supervise the construction of the Bell Island battery.158\nThe disasters in Europe in the early summer emphasized the importance of Newfoundland, and on 14 June the Canadian Chiefs of Staff Committee recommended that one flight of bomber-reconnaissance aircraft be stationed at Newfoundland Airport at Gander* (to be reinforced by one flight of fighters when suitable aircraft became available), and that an infantry battalion with detachments of other arms be dispatched for ground protection as soon as possible. The Newfoundland Government's consent was sought and obtained and action taken at once.159 The 2nd Division, as already noted, was the only source of trained troops at this moment, and the unit selected was the 1st Battalion of The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada. It landed at Botwood on 22 June, and assumed the task of defending Newfoundland Airport and the Botwood seaplane base. It remained in Newfoundland, however, only until August, when it was relieved by The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada, a 3rd Division unit, and returned to Canada for embarkation for England.160 As things turned out, the forces sent to Newfoundland in June 1940 were but the vanguard of larger bodies, and Canadian troops garrisoned the island throughout the war.\nIn August 1940 a Canadian delegation headed by the Air Minister (Mr. C. G. Power) visited Newfoundland and made an agreement161 with its government under which Canada took wide responsibilities for the defence of the neighbour island, and the Newfoundland forces were placed under Canadian command. In accordance with this agreement, Newfoundland was included within the Atlantic Command when the latter was set up in the same month. Under the new command arrangements authorized in March 1942 (above, page 172), Newfoundland became in effect \"a sub-command of the East Coast\", organized in the same manner as the coast at large; that is to say, the senior Canadian service officer in Newfoundland functioned as \"Commanding Newfoundland Defences\" and exercised \"strategic direction\" over all three services under \"the general direction of the Commander-inChief, East Coast Defences\".162 United States bases had been set up in the island as part of the Anglo-American arrangement announced in August 1940. The first U.S. troops arrived in January 1941, and the force was increased in April. One of the responsibilities of the Canadian commanders in Newfoundland, accordingly, was cooperation with the American forces. This will be dealt with in a later volume.\nThe Canadian Government, and particularly the Prime Minister, attached the greatest importance to Newfoundland and to the protection of Canada's\n*This great establishment was built before the war by the Newfoundland Government in cooperation with the British Air Ministry. It was in use for experimental flying as early as 1937.\npermanent interests there. Accordingly, large and increasing Canadian forces were stationed on Newfoundland territory as the war progressed and enemy activity in North American waters increased. We have already noted the measures taken to develop the island's coast and anti-aircraft defences. Strong forces of artillery and ancillary troops were required for this duty, and in addition infantry was needed for security against possible raids. The Canadian Army force in Newfoundland (\"W\" Force) reached its peak of strength on 15 December 1943, when it was 5692 all ranks.* It had been a majorgeneral's command since 25 December 1941, when Major-General L. F. Page† took over the command of \"Combined Newfoundland and Canadian Military Forces in Newfoundland\".163\nAt the time of its greatest expansion \"W\" Force included the following major units: two infantry battalions (with headquarters at St. John's and Botwood), plus two companies of the 1st Airfield Defence Battalion (Le Regiment de Chateauguay) and one of the Veterans Guard; two anti-aircraft regiments R.C.A. (with headquarters at St. John's and Gander) and three coast batteries R.C.A. (at St. John's, Botwood and Lewisporte); a fortress company R.C.E. and a company of Atlantic Command Signals; and the numerous administrative and service units required to maintain the force.164 The active component of Newfoundland's own forces was called until March 1943 the \"Newfoundland Militia\". In that month Newfoundland acts were passed changing the name of the active force to \"Newfoundland Regiment\" and applying the term \"Newfoundland Militia\" to the former Auxiliary Militia or Home Guard.165 The Newfoundland Regiment assumed various local protective functions and in addition manned the Bell Island battery.166 Its strength on 15 December 1943 was 26 officers and 543 other ranks.167 The activities of Newfoundland units overseas are described in Appendix \"I\".\nCanadian soldiers were also stationed on Newfoundland territory in Labrador. In the autumn of 1941 work began here on a tremendous new trans-Atlantic airport at Goose Bay. In the following summer a Canadian infantry battalion (The New Brunswick Rangers) and other troops were sent there for protection, and the Goose Bay garrison became a permanent Canadian responsibility. On 13 March 1943 it amounted to 1300 all ranks, and included both coast and anti-aircraft artillerymen in considerable numbers.168 It was under the operational control of the G.O.C.-in-C. Atlantic Command, but was under the District Officer Commanding Military District No. 6 for administration.169\n*This is from a strength return submitted by \"W\" Force itself. Figures for this date compiled at Ottawa are considerably higher; they may have included certain attached personnel and troops in transit.\n†Commanders in Newfoundland are listed in Appendix \"F\".\nCanadian Troops in the West Indies and the Caribbean\nWe have mentioned in Chapter III the suggestion of the British Government in May 1940 that Canadian troops should be sent to the West Indies, and the Canadian Government's assent. As a result of these arrangements, The Winnipeg Grenadiers sailed from Halifax in two flights on 24 May and 13 June 1940. One company of the battalion was sent to Bermuda, where it relieved a company of the King's Shropshire Light Infantry, while the main body went to Jamaica. The Bermuda detachment stayed there only until 27 August, when it was relieved in its turn by British troops and embarked for Jamaica to join the main body.170 We have also seen that the Canadian Government was asked, and agreed, to send a second infantry battalion to the West Indies. This arrangement, however, was not carried out; the British authorities suggested that if Canada would undertake larger responsibilities in Iceland the United Kingdom would find the additional troops required for the West Indies (above, page 84). It would appear that the proposal to send a second unit was dropped at this time and not revived. One Canadian infantry battalion, however, remained in Jamaica until the end of the war.*\nLate in 1941 the British Government again asked Canada to provide a company for Bermuda. On 7 January 1942 the Cabinet War Committee agreed to send thither a company of the battalion in Jamaica. On further consideration, however, this was not considered desirable. On 4 September the War Committee approved sending troops from the mainland, and a company of The Pictou Highlanders arrived in Bermuda on 12 November.171 With appropriate reliefs, \"B\" Force, as it was known, remained there until after the end of hostilities.\nIn April 1942 the United Kingdom asked that Canada give further assistance by providing a company for Nassau in the Bahamas, so that a British company on duty there might rejoin its battalion in the United Kingdom. Protection was particularly important at this point as a member of the Royal Family, H.R.H. the Duke of Windsor, was Governor of the Bahamas. The War Committee agreed on 9 April to provide the troops. A new company of the Veterans Guard of Canada (No. 33) was organized for the purpose and arrived at Nassau in June. This was \"N\" Force. The Veterans were relieved in the autumn of 1943 by a company of The Pictou Highlanders. The Canadian garrison left Nassau only in the spring of 1946, simultaneously with the relief of the troops in Jamaica and Bermuda.172\n*No attempt is made here to describe the defences of the Caribbean area generally. Large United States army and air forces were stationed there, in great part as a result of the leasing from Britain of bases in Bermuda, the Bahamas, Jamaica, St. Lucia, Trinidad, Antigua and British Guiana.\nIn March 1942 there was some anxiety for the ships carrying bauxite to Canadian aluminium plants from the mines in British Guiana; it was feared that they might be sabotaged in the Demerara River between the mines and the sea. A local coloured guard was provided for their security, but the British Government now inquired whether Canada could send white N.C.Os. to stiffen this force. On 22 May the Cabinet War Committee approved the mobilization of No. 34 Company of the Veterans Guard for this purpose. The company (which except for its officers was entirely composed of N.C.Os.) reached Georgetown in June. Thereafter they performed the routine of directing the coloured detachments guarding the ships while the latter lay in the river or moved up or down it. The ships were filthy and the weather sweltering; the duty in general was unpleasant in the extreme. As the war situation improved, the withdrawal of the detachment became practicable, and it returned to Canada in January 1945.173\nThe Role of the Reserve Army\nOnly a word can be said here of the part played by the Reserve Army (formerly the Non-Permanent Active Militia) in maintaining the security of Canada.\nDuring the first period of mobilization the N.P.A.M. made a useful contribution by providing details to guard vulnerable points until the Mounted Police could take over. Thereafter there was increasing emphasis upon the force's function of producing reinforcements for the Active Army. Second (Reserve) battalions of mobilized units were organized and it was hoped that they would provide a good many recruits for their Active battalions. After the outbreak of war with Japan in December 1941, more attention was directed to the Reserve Army's functions in connection wish home defence. On 31 December a directive174 was issued affecting both its composition and its role. Eight Reserve Brigade Groups were to be organized across the country and given accelerated training for the defence of Canada. A more detailed instruction issued in February 1942175 provided that there would be one Brigade Group in each of the eleven Military Districts. The total number finally organized was twelve,176 as Military District No. 6 (Nova Scotia) had two. These Reserve Brigade Groups (numbered from 31 to 42) had full-time commanders and staffs. As the equipment situation improved, they were given weapons and transport on an increasing scale. As for personnel, the new policy required that future enlistments would be restricted to men not eligible for the Active Force‹i.e., those between 17 and 19 years of age or over 35; those granted or entitled to postponement of compulsory service; those between 19 and 35 with a medical category lower than \"B\"; and personnel of the Canadian Officers Training Corps in all categories, until their graduation.177\nTo ensure proper direction and coordination of the Reserve Army programme, the office of Director General of the Reserve Army was instituted at this same period. Major- General B. W. Browne, formerly Adjutant General, was the first Director General, and was later succeeded by Major-General F. R. Phelan.178\nThe Reserve Army continued to produce a proportion of recruits for the Active force by training young men of pre-enlistment age. Its function in the direct defence of Canada, as defined in the latter part of the war, was threefold:-to support the civil authorities if required; to constitute a trained reserve ready to support the Active forces available for the defence of the country, if the military situation should deteriorate; and to form a basis for expansion of the Active Army in case of need.179 We have already seen, in the case of the Fusiliers du St. Laurent along the lower St. Lawrence, an instance of the practical and useful contribution which the Reserve Army could and did make to the security of a threatened area.\nThe Reserve Army was larger during this war than the Non-Permanent Active Militia had ever been in peacetime. It actually reached its peak of numbers in the week ending 7 December 1940. Its strength at that date was 111,579 all ranks, not counting 13,604 30day N.R.M.A. men carried \"supernumerary to establishment\", or 28,299 others who were undergoing training. The great strength in 1940 was certainly due in part to the patriotic impulses of that moment. Undoubtedly, however, it also owed something to the fact that men enrolled in the Non-Permanent Active Militia at the time of the National Registration were exempt from the 30-day compulsory training under the National Resources Mobilization Act unless the Department of National Defence reported that they had not received equivalent training. Many men preferred service with a local militia unit to thirty days in a training centre. The strength of the force decreased after December 1940 until February 1942, when it was 69,660 all ranks plus 63,299 N.R.M.A. men. It climbed again thereafter until it reached a total of 105,000 all ranks (plus 5313 \"Non- Effectives\") in June 1943. Then, as the war situation improved and the danger lessened, it gradually fell off until at 30 April 1945 it was 82,163.180\nDisbandment of the Home Defence Divisions, 1943-1944\nThe three home defence divisions, the 6th, 7th and 8th, were never complete in all arms and services. They did not need to be, for they were designed to operate within the framework of a static organization already existing. This meant that the services of the Commands and Military Districts were available to assist them; it also meant that the artillery of the fixed defences,\nand other permanent installations, could support them in operations. Thus their establishments were never as complete as those of field divisions. Nor were the establishments ever quite full. On 17 April 1943, the 7th Division was deficient 97 officers and 3738 other ranks; the 6th and 8th Divisions were short approximately 1200 and 1100 all ranks respectively.181\nThese three divisions had been composed in great part of men called up for compulsory home-defence service under the National Resources Mobilization Act. Thus on 10 April 1943 the \"other rank\" strength of the Active Army in Canada, in its major components, was as follows:182\nFormation Total Strength N.R.M.A. Strength 6th Division 11,4628 8,165 7th Division 10,782 7,058 8th Division 8,069 5,401 Units on Garrison Duty 31,989 17,342\nIt will be seen that, although a very high proportion of the troops on homedefence duty were N.R.M.A. men, the formations and units thus employed also absorbed many General Service volunteers. Nevertheless, age or medical category made a considerable proportion of the latter ineligible for overseas service.\nIn the course of 1943 the threat to Canada's shores, never really very great, receded further. The summer saw the expulsion of the Japanese from the Aleutian Islands (below, Chapter XV; while on the other coast the submarine threat, serious in the early months of 1942, had also become considerably less important. This situation permitted, and common sense dictated, a reduction in the number of men tied up in protective duties in Canada. As early as 13 May the Cabinet War Committee approved a prospective reduction in home war establishments, to take effect on 1 September, which would involve disbanding \"five or six\" infantry battalions in Canada. On 30 August the Chief of the General Staff reported that \"substantial reductions\" in the forces on both coasts were now practicable, and he recommended the disbandment of the 7th and 8th Divisions, plus reductions in coast and antiaircraft defences and other economies. The total cut in establishment was 20,873 all ranks. It would be carried out by transferring volunteers of suitable age and category to the \"reinforcement stream\"; Home Defence men of suitable age and category for overseas service would be transferred to other units in Canada, in order to release General Service personnel (for overseas duty) and lower category personnel (for return to civilian occupations).183 Since operational troops in Canada were so far below authorized establishments, the actual reduction in strength would be about 14,000. These proposals were approved by the War Committee on 31 August.\nOn 13 September the Minister of National Defence announced the decision, explaining that the plan was to disband the 7th and 8th Divisions completely\nand the 6th Division in part. Three brigade groups were to be retained, \"each capable of operating independently\", and to be \"administered and trained under a modified Divisional Headquarters.\" The formation of the Training Brigade Group in Eastern Canada (see above, page 135) was announced at the same time.184\nThis announcement's timing was bad, as it coincided with a setback at Salerno and the United States Congress was debating a bill to draft fathers of children; and the press release, though long, had not made explanations particularly desirable for American consumption. Perhaps through fear of domestic misunderstandings, the important point that disbanding the divisions would release men for employment abroad was not clearly made, although the continuing need for General Service recruits was emphasized. The result was considerable criticism in the United States, where it was made to appear that Canada was simply taking advantage of a favourable turn in the war to disband a considerable proportion of her army and send thousands of her soldiers home.185 A supplementary release, issued on 14 September,186 explained that the changes meant no modification of the Army's overseas programme, and that \"every man of category suitable for operational duties\" would be retained; but it is doubtful if this undid the damage.\nUnder the new arrangement the reorganized 6th Division was to consist of three brigade groups, each of four (not three) battalions. The model was the American organization used in the Aleutian campaign, and the 13th Infantry Brigade Group, then at Kiska (see below, Chapter XV), was to be one of the three. Divisional headquarters moved from Esquimalt to Prince George in October. Its primary purpose was now defined as coordinating the training and administration of the three brigade groups, which themselves were directly under Headquarters Pacific Command but dealt with Headquarters 6th Division in matters of training and local administration. The new organization was designed to permit the use of one or more of the brigade groups in \"further operations against the Japanese in the North Pacific Area\" in cooperation with United States forces;187 but these operations never came to pass (below, page 507).\nThere were more changes in the 6th Division in 1944. The 13th Brigade returned from Kiska in January. In May, it was sent overseas, its units completed with General Service men. An energetic but only partially successful effort had been made to prevail upon N.R.M.A. personnel of the battalions to \"go Active\" on the basis of their units going overseas as such. In the United Kingdom it was converted into a training brigade.188 In August, the Division was reorganized on a basis of three infantry brigades, each of three battalions, a new 16th Brigade being formed to replace the 13th.189\nIn the autumn came the \"reinforcement crisis\". On 16 November the Chief of the General Staff (Lieut.-General J. C. Murchie) informed the Minister that, having reviewed the matter in the light of the urgent need to\nfree fit men for overseas, he now recommended reorganizing the 6th Division as one infantry brigade group and two infantry brigades. The divisional headquarters would be disbanded. The Cabinet approved these proposals on 21 November, and the divisional headquarters ceased to exist on 2 December.190 The circumstances, however, were now changing very rapidly. The Government's decision of 22 November to send 16,000\nN.R.M.A. soldiers overseas altered the whole situation. The units in which these men, long regarded as a potential reserve for the overseas army, were serving, were now no longer required from this point of view, and any menace to Canadian territory had ceased to exist. Under the new policy, there was no reason why the units that had composed the Division (less men not physically fit) should not be sent overseas as units, and this was done. The disbanded Division and unbrigaded infantry battalions provided two brigade headquarters, nine infantry battalions and a reconnaissance regiment from Western Canada, and four infantry battalions from Eastern Canada, to go overseas. In the United Kingdom they were broken up and the personnel used as reinforcements. Only eight infantry battalions were now retained for duty in Canada, Newfoundland and the West Indies.191 At the same time when the 7th and 8th Divisions were disbanded, very large reductions were made in coast and anti-aircraft defences.* At the beginning of October 1943 certain coast-defence batteries were \"placed in maintenance\" and at others crews were reduced so that only a proportion of the guns were manned.192 Simultaneously various static anti-aircraft units were \"relieved of their operational role\", among them that at Arvida. This was only the beginning of a long process which went forward steadily through 1944. By the end of that year of victories the great structure of coast and antiaircraft defence built up in the earlier part of the war had been largely dismantled.193 Thus, for example, it was decided in the autumn that all coast artillery in Newfoundland, and the infantry garrisons at Botwood and Lewisporte, would be withdrawn permanently from their operational roles \"on freeze-up\".194\nDuring November of 1944 authority was also given for the disbandment of Headquarters Atlantic Command, and the Military Districts in the Maritime Provinces resumed their normal functions, with Newfoundland retained as a separate command similar to a District. This was carried into effect on 14-15 December.195 Headquarters Pacific Command continued to exist somewhat longer; it was \"redesignated\" as Headquarters Military District No. 11 only on 23 January 1946, when the Army's peacetime Western Command came into existence.196\n*These Canadian reductions of 1943 proceeded pari passu with similar measures in the United States.\nTable of Contents\nPrevious Chapter (4) * Next Chapter (6)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "|Undergraduate Course Details|\n|Title||History of Central America|\nThis course examines the history of Central America from the conquest through the twenty-first century. Topics include indigenous populations, conquest, colonization, independence, race, ethnicity and national identity in the nineteenth century, the history of U.S. influence in the region, the history of social movements, protest, revolution and migration; the tenuous peace, globalization and continuing social unrest in the twenty-first century. Focus on El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua. Three lecture hours per week. Not open to students who have received credit for HIS379A.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "How to Insert a Picture Into a PDF File\nUsing Adobe Acrobat to modify and create PDFs is an effective way to edit documents on the fly. Adobe software is typically the default program when opening a PDF file. Most computers come with Adobe Reader, which allows users to view a PDF, but limits users when it comes to editing a PDF. Through Acrobat, you are able to create new pages, insert images as new pages, or even insert images as stamps.\nThings You'll Need\n- Adobe Acrobat\nOpen the PDF that you would like to edit.\nSelect the option menu called \"Document,\" and then select \"Insert Pages.\"This tool will allow you to insert an image as an entire page. You can insert a variety of file types, including: JPEG, TIFF and GIF. You will then be prompted to locate the image.\nBrowse through your computer and select the file that you wish to insert.\nSelect where you want the new image to be located within your existing PDF.You can select the beginning of the document, the end of the document, and before or after specific pages within the file. Once the image has been imported, you can modify the page order.\nSave your document by selecting the \"File\" tab and then the \"Save\" Option.\nTips & Warnings\n- Use a JPEG or PDF image to import.\n- Make sure you attempt to insert an image using Adobe Acrobat.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Today, the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium (Smarter Balanced) released sets of example test questions for grades 3–8 and 11 in both English language arts/literacy and mathematics. These Practice Tests will help schools prepare for the implementation of the Smarter Balanced Assessment System coming in the 2014-15 school year.\nThe Practice Tests provide a preview of the types of questions that will be featured in the summative assessment beginning in 2014-15, including selected-response items, constructed-response items, technology-enhanced items, and performance tasks—extended activities that challenge students to apply their knowledge and skills to respond to real-world problems. The Practice Tests are freely available on the Smarter Balanced website. Before attempting a practice test, it is important to note that these practice tests will only function on supported browsers, depending on the operating system of your device. Most notably, these tests will not function using the Internet Explorer browser. A list of supported browsers and operating systems is given at http://www.smarterbalanced.org/practice-test/. Please communicate this information to your teachers and students in your school communities as soon as you can to avoid unnecessary confusion and errors.\nThe compatible browsers for the Practice Test are given in the table below. You might consider making sure that usable computers have an appropriate browser installed on the system, and that teachers and students are aware that the Practice Tests will not function using the Internet Explorer Browser.\n|Operating System||OS Version||Supported Browsers|\n|Windows||XP (with Service Pack 3), Vista, 7, 8Windows Server 2003, 2008||SBAC Windows Secure Browser 6.0Firefox 3.6 and above|\n|Mac||10.4.4 (all)10.5 (PowerPC)||SBAC Mac Secure Browser 5.5Firefox 3.6 Safari 5|\n|10.5–10.8 (Intel)||SBAC Mac Secure Browser 6.0Firefox 3.6 and aboveSafari 5 (OS 10.5–10.7)Safari 6 (OS 10.7–10.8)|\n|Linux||Fedora Core 6 (K12LTSP 4.2+)Ubuntu 9–12||SBAC Linux Secure Browser 6.0Firefox 3.6 and above|\n|Android||4.0+Supported Devices:− Google Nexus 10− Motorola Xoom\n− Motorola Xyboard\n− Samsung Galaxy Note (10.1)\n− Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 (10.1)\n|SBAC AIRSecureTest Browser for AndroidDefault Internet browser on tabletGoogle Chrome 18 and above|\n|iPad||iOS 6.0+Supported Devices:− iPad 2, 3, Retina Display||SBAC AIRSecureTest Browser for iPadSafari 6 and above|\n|Chromebooks||Version 18 or above||Google Chrome|\nAlso noteworthy is that these Practice Tests do not include all the features intended for the operational assessments. For example, students and teachers will not receive reports or scores from the Practice Tests. Although Smarter Balanced assessments will be computer adaptive, the Practice Tests follow a fixed-form model. By fall 2013, Smarter Balanced will make enhancements to the Practice Tests, including the addition of performance tasks in mathematics, new accommodations for students with disabilities, and scoring rubrics.\nThe release of the Practice Tests follows the Smarter Balanced Pilot Test, the first large-scale tryout of items and performance tasks. The Pilot Test allowed the Consortium to gather information about the performance of assessment items and the test delivery system under real-world conditions. More than 5,000 schools in 21 Smarter Balanced Governing States were recruited to participate in the Pilot Test from February 20 – May 24, 2013. Development of the Smarter Balanced Assessment System will continue after the release of the Practice Tests and through summer 2014 in collaboration with member states and educators.\nFor more information on the pilot or practice tests, contact Scott Mantie, Accountability and Assessment at Scott.Mantie at doe dot nh dot gov or 603-271-3844.\nIf you have any questions or would like any assistance, please contact your State Technology Readiness Coordinator, Stan Freeda (Stanley.Freeda at doe dot nh dot gov; 603-271-5132).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Global biodiversity goals and targets won’t be met through voluntary commitments\nA large body of international environmental laws\nInternational environmental law-making has not been coherent, structured, or part of a grand plan. Rather, it has evolved naturally as the science base has improved.\nAs a result of decades of effort, we have many well-crafted, multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) in place to address our most pressing environmental and sustainability challenges, including biodiversity loss, climate change and desertification. Other instruments are being agreed upon, advanced or considered – on high seas, plastics, pandemics and wildlife trafficking – all backed by a strong and improving science base.\nWe are losing the fight to protect biodiversity\nDespite this, the two most recent Living Planet reports show a sharp decline in wildlife over the past 50 years – uninterrupted by the adoption of multiple MEAs, including the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its 2010, 2020 and, most recently, 2030, global goals and targets.\nAlmost 30 years since the CBD was adopted, the IPBES Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystems Services concluded that one million species will go extinct within the coming decades if we continue on our current trajectory. There has been an agreement on international wetlands since 1971, the Ramsar Convention. Yet, IPBES says we’ve lost 85% of wetlands by area.\nOther IPBES reports on wildlife and pandemics, sustainable use, and the values of nature, highlight multiple shortcomings. The IPBES has, in a short space of time, done what no other entity has managed to do: clearly and credibly portray the multiple dire threats to our biodiversity.\nWe need ‘all hands on deck’ to deliver on global biodiversity targets!\nThe Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), with which I am very familiar, has been more open than most MEAs in enabling the active involvement of observers from across all sectors. CITES could not have been implemented without this active involvement. While States Parties carry the legal obligations, it is the wide array of actors that are actively engaged with the Convention that have been critical to its relative success.\nBut CITES can only address a thin slice of the biodiversity cake. There are many other biodiversity-related conventions, including on wetlands of international importance, migratory species, and outstanding cultural and natural heritage – as well as the CBD, which, as a framework convention, can address the full depth and breadth of biodiversity.\nIn some ways, the adoption of the CBD was a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it demonstrated political and legal commitment. On the other, it provided a forum for the global biodiversity community to meet, and agree upon biodiversity strategies and targets, largely detached from the agencies and sectors that determine the fate of biodiversity.\nThis detachment, along with inadequate financing, is one reason why the CBD has failed to achieve its targets time and time again. Fortunately, the engagement with other agencies and sectors, and the level of financing, are starting to change for the better. These issues (amongst many others) are specifically addressed in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), and multiple pledges have been made for increased funding. However, we still have a long way to go to get close the gap in financing – with the CBD estimating the gap could be as high as between US$403 billion to US$711 billion annually.\nIt is critically important to continue to deepen the level of engagement with all actors in implementing the GBF, recognising the roles and contributions of local communities and indigenous peoples as custodians of biodiversity, the impact of business on biodiversity, and the contribution made by a wide array of NGOs towards achieving biodiversity goals and targets.\nIf not, we will fail once again.\nBusiness sector – voluntary actions have not delivered\nAt CBD CoP10 in Nagoya in 2010, where the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity (2010-2020) was adopted, there was a concerted effort to engage with business, and there was some pick-up. At CoP15 in Montreal last year, where the GBF was adopted, we saw a step change in the level of outreach by the CBD and interest shown by, amongst others, businesses, including financial institutions.\nBut we need to go beyond mere engagement and voluntary actions in implementing the GBF. For example, while the financial sector is a central part of a prosperous economy, it can – unwittingly or otherwise – be an enabler of the destruction of biodiversity.\nOver the past decades, we have placed a lot of reliance on non-binding, and voluntary initiatives, pledges, and declarations. In the financial sector, we have the Equator Principles, amongst others.\nIn 2014, major companies made significant commitments to zero deforestation through the New York Declaration on Forests. It was a necessary part of an effective strategy, but, as an independent five-year review of the Declaration revealed, it was not enough without the “stick” of government action.\nVoluntary measures all serve a useful purpose, but they tend to attract industry leaders, not the entire industry. They have their place – but they also have clear limits. And one must ask where has it got us in real terms? The Living Planet and IPBES reports suggest not very far.\nThe IPBES explains in a compelling way just how dire the situation is: how much longer can we place so much faith in voluntary measures to save the day?\nThis applies to companies and financial institutions. But what are we asking of them? What do we say they must, should, or could do? Are we asking them to be a de facto regulator, to support regulators, carry out due diligence, and make full disclosure? When making full disclosure, of what, or should they determine for themselves what is or is not environmentally destructive?\nIt’s time for regulators to lead\nHaven’t we reached the point where governments and parliaments need to play a much stronger role as effective regulators in meeting a state’s commitments under the CBD?\nThe GBF offers some high-level guidance regarding business in Target 15, which will need to be translated into national laws and policies, as will the outcomes of other important processes, such as the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD).\nImportantly, we are seeing some countries, such as France and the UK, and regions, such as the European Union, starting to make better use of the law to reduce the loss of biodiversity by regulating larger businesses, and in some cases financial services, in new ways. It’s not without its challenges and is still evolving, but it is needed, and one can expect this trend to continue.\nOne thing is for sure: we need all relevant actors on board to deliver on the GBF. Some are natural allies. Others will require more than a gentle nudge to head in the right direction.\nilluminem Voices is a democratic space presenting the thoughts and opinions of leading Sustainability & Energy writers, their opinions do not necessarily represent those of illuminem.\nAbout the author\nJohn Scanlon AO is a seasoned leader in the fields of environment, governance and sustainable development, with a unique range of experience gained across multiple continents, disciplines and organisations. He has served in senior positions in the private sector, with government, international organisations, the United Nations, and not-for-profit organizations, and as chair or member of many boards and initiatives. This includes working with IUCN (Bonn), UNEP (Nairobi) and CITES (Geneva)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Founding Fathers Would Be Proud of the People of Egypt … And Disgusted With the People of America\nby George Washington\nAmerica’s founding fathers stood up for their freedom, winning it from the British (with the help of the French).\nThe Egyptian people have stood up for their freedom, winning it from the Mubarak dictatorship (with the help of the army, which refused to fire a shot at the people, and may even have helped convince Mubarak to leave. See this and this).\nThe Egyptian people found their courage even when Mubarak’s thugs flew fighter jets low over their heads, beat and murdered protesters, and otherwise threatened violence.\nBut the American people today have been cowed into passivity by an irrational fear of terrorism, laziness and mindlessness.\nBut obviously, the American government is nothing like the Egyptian dictatorship, right?\n•There is a stunning amount of equality in Egypt. But America is even worse.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Despite its superlative properties, graphene has not been used to make electronic devices because electrons travel so well though it that they cannot be easily controlled. Now physicists have discovered that placing graphene sheets on boron nitride at the proper angle creates a superlattice that controls the movement of graphene electrons. A hat tip to ScienceDaily for reprinting this University of Arizona news release written by Daniel Stolte “Microprocessors From Pencil Lead“:\nGraphite, more commonly known as pencil lead, could become the next big thing in the quest for smaller and less power-hungry electronics.\nResembling chicken wire on a nano scale, graphene – single sheets of graphite – is only one atom thick, making it the world’s thinnest material. Two million graphene sheets stacked up would not be as thick as a credit card.\nThe tricky part physicists have yet to figure out how to control the flow of electrons through the material, a necessary prerequisite for putting it to work in any type of electronic circuit. Graphene behaves very different than silicon, the material currently used in semiconductors.\nLast year, a research team led by UA physicists cleared the first hurdle by identifying boron nitride, a structurally identical but non-conducting material, as a suitable mounting surface for single-atom sheets of graphene. The team also showed that in addition to providing mechanical support, boron nitride improves the electronic properties of graphene by smoothening out fluctuations in the electronic charges.\nNow the team found that boron nitride also influences how the electrons travel through the graphene. Published in Nature Physics [abstract], the results open up new ways of controlling the electron flow through graphene.\n“If you want to make a transistor for example, you need to be able to stop the flow of electrons,” said Brian LeRoy, an assistant professor in the University of Arizona’s department of physics. “But in graphene, the electrons just keep going. It’s difficult to stop them.” …\nHowever, as LeRoy’s group has now discovered, mounting graphene on boron nitride prevents some of the electrons from passing to the other side, a first step toward a more controlled electron flow.\nThe group achieved this feat by placing graphene sheets onto boron nitride at certain angles, resulting in the hexagonal structures in both materials to overlap in such a way that secondary, larger hexagonal patterns are created. The researchers call this structure a superlattice.\nIf the angle is just right, they found, a point is reached where almost no electrons go through.\nThe news release points out that the researchers cannot yet control the angle at which the graphene and boron nitride are oriented so that only 10-20% of the samples they make show the desired effect. This process must be automated before graphene electronics become practical.\n—James Lewis, PhD", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The 21st century student utilizes the internet as a major information source. In Carol Grantham's article Virtual library: e-ssential (2007) she states that the internet has opened the door to an abundance of online resources and the school library can either respond to the needs of students by embracing these new technologies or be seen by students as irrelevant. She goes on to say that many students choose the Internet as their preferred information source but most have a limited understanding of how to search effectively and efficiently.\nJoyce Valenza, librarian at Springfield Township High School, observed that students need more instruction as well as the assistance of improved system design if they are to become effective seekers and users of information. Virtual libraries can address these needs. According to Valenza, through virtual school libraries, teacher librarians can 'guide and serve learners where they live, play and work'(The Influence of School Virtual Libraries on the Information-Seeking Behaviors of High School Students,2004)\nValenza in her information on workshops that she offers on School Library Websites: State of the Art Information Landscapes for 21st Century Learners states, 'Our libraries should now have two front doors, and one of them should be virtual. The effective virtual library pulls together, in one unified interface, all of a library's resources..print and electronic. It can be a vibrant, media-rich knowledge management tool for the entire learning community.'\nThis concept is developed further in her wiki page, A WebQuest About School Library Websites (2007). She discusses the fact that an effective library web page is available 24-7, and provides immediate support and intervention. Valenza makes a very valuable and valid point when she explains that the school's virtual library projects the image of the librarian as a 21st century teacher and information professional. According to Valenza, the library website represents the library program as it offers guidance and instruction while it fosters independent learning, it supports reading, learning and the building of knowledge.\nOne of the gurus of virtual libraries, Joyce Valenza has shared many valuable thoughts and ideas on this topic.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The photoelectric coupler can effectively suppress the sharp pulse and all kinds of noise interference in the transmission signal, so that the signal-noise ratio in the channel can be improved greatly, and it is mainly for the following reasons:\n(1) The input impedance of optical coupler\nis very small, only a few hundred ohms, and interference source impedance is bigger, often 105 ~ 106 ohms. According to the principle of partial pressure, even if the interfering voltage amplitude is big, but the noise voltage at the input to feed to the photoelectric coupler will be small, can only form a weak current, as there were not enough energy and cannot make diode luminescence, which are suppressed.\n(2) There is no electrical connection between the input circuit of the photoelectric coupler and the output circuit, and there is no common ground; The distributed capacitance between them is tiny, and insulation resistance is very big. Therefore, the loop side of the various interference noise is difficult to through the photoelectric coupler feed to the other side, avoids the production of common impedance coupling interference signals.\n(3) The photoelectric coupler can play a very good security role, even when the external equipment fails, or if the input signal line is short, and it will not damage the instrument. Because the optical coupler's input circuit and output loop can withstand several thousand volts.\n(4) The photoelectric coupler responds extremely fast, and its response delay time is only about 10 us, which is suitable for the occasion where the response speed is very high.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Black Castle (Caisteal Dubh)\nHistory, tourist information, and nearby accommodation\nThe picturesque hamlet of Moulin is set on the hillside overlooking Pitlochry. In a field below the old kirk of Moulin (now the Pitlochry & Moulin Heritage Centre) stand the crumbling ruins of a 14th-century fortress known as Caisteal Dubh Mhaothlinne (Black Castle of Moulin).\nThe castle was built in 1326 by Sir John Campbell of Lochawe, Earl of Atholl. Robert Bruce gave the lands at Moulin to the Campbells as a reward for fighting at his side at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. A dozen years later Sir John erected a castle on his new lands, possibly on the site of an earlier fortification.\nBlack Castle was built on a marsh or small loch. That might seem an odd choice at first glance but actually, it was inspired. It seems that Sir John first built a crannog, or manmade island in the middle of the loch, and built his castle on the crannog. The only approach to the castle was by a causeway across the loch (drained in 1720).\nBlack Castle was a departure from the traditional motte and bailey design popularised by the Normans. Instead of a high mound encircled by a timber palisade, Campbell's castle was a roughly rectangular shape and used a high curtain wall with round corner towers, but there was no central keep or fortified tower.\nWithin the embattled walls were ranges of buildings such as stables, a hall, chapel, and workshops. The rounded castle towers enabled the defenders to fire on attackers from two sides at once.\nThe walls would have been 30 feet high and were up to 6 feet wide. Only part of one corner tower remains, in the north-west corner.\nThis 'enciente' design drew heavily on the castles built by Edward I during his late 13th-century campaigns in north Wales.\nWe know that the castle stayed in use until 1500 when an outbreak of the Black Death (Bubonic plague) hit the Highlands. A local tradition says that the castle inhabitants were struck down by the deadly disease when an infected messenger arrived. The castle was burned by the inhabitants to stop the plague from spreading further.\nIt was the Black Death that led to the castle's popular name 'Black Castle'. We do not know what it may have been called before 1500, but after the Black Death the new name stuck.\nAnother version of the story says that the inhabitants of Black Castle all died from the plague. Local residents were too afraid to enter the empty fortress to deal with the corpses so it was destroyed by cannon fire, collapsing the walls like a funeral cairn over the bodies of the dead.\nThe castle mouldered away for centuries until it was overwhelmed by foliage and damaged by livestock. In 2002 a restoration project solidified the castle walls and cleared the worst of the vegetation. The stonework was repointed using a traditional lime mortar and the walls were capped with a layer of clay and turf to keep the rain out.\nYou can see the castle ruins across the fields from East Moulin Road. The easiest way to reach the ruins is by the signposted footpath behind the heritage centre on Kirkmichael Road in the centre of Moulin. There is a small parking area opposite the heritage centre entrance.\nFacing the heritage centre, follow the road on your left as its skirts the burial ground. You go past a row of houses and then you will see a gate into the field beyond the houses.\nThere is an information panel at the gate, explaining the history of the castle. Go through the gate and follow the obvious footpath diagonally across the field towards the castle, which is in sight the whole way.\nFrom the heritage centre to the castle takes only five minutes and the going is easy. There is a fence around the enclosure to keep livestock out but you can go through a gate and explore the ruins.\nIt is hard to interpret the site as most of the walls have fallen and those that remain standing are in poor condition. You can, however, get a very good look at the masonry construction technique in the exposed sections of walls and foundations.\nHistoric Environment Scotland calls Black Castle a 13th-century castle. This is at odds with the information on the castle information panel about Sir John Campbell, which we've given here.\nAbout Black Castle (Caisteal Dubh)\nAddress: Moulin, Pitlochry, Perthshire, Scotland, PH16 5EJ\nAttraction Type: Castle\nLocation: On a footpath from the Moulin Heritage Centre (postcode PH16 5EJ).\nWebsite: Black Castle (Caisteal Dubh)\nPhoto Credit: David Ross and Britain Express\nNEARBY HISTORIC ATTRACTIONS\nHeritage Rated from 1- 5 (low to exceptional) on historic interest\nPitlochry & Moulin Heritage Centre - 0.3 miles (Museum)\nSunnybrae Cottage - 0.8 miles (Historic Building)\nPitlochry Dam & Fish Ladder - 1 miles (Historic Building)\nDunfallandy Stone - 1.6 miles (Prehistoric Site)\nCraigower - 1.6 miles (Countryside)\nKilliecrankie - 3 miles (Countryside)\nLinn of Tummel - 3.1 miles (Countryside)\nTay Forest Park - 4.9 miles (Countryside)\nNearest Accommodation to Black Castle (Caisteal Dubh):\nNearest Self Catering Cottages\nStay from: £900.00 - 4925.00\nStay from: £2111.00 - 8890.00\nStay from: £375.00 - 2104.00\nMore self catering near Black Castle (Caisteal Dubh)\nStay from: £0.00\nMore Hotels near Black Castle (Caisteal Dubh)\nNearest Bed and Breakfasts", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Antivirus protection isn’t just a way to block computer viruses, as the name may apply. (Some people think that all intrusions into a computer are called viruses, but that is a misnomer.)\nFor example, here is a list of the ways a good antivirus program can assist in protecting a computer with data on it:\n- Antivirus – Starting with the obvious, an antivirus program will protect against computer viruses, or attacks that mean to damage a computer.\n- Rootkit protection – This prevents rootkits, which are imbedded deep inside a computer in order to mask other malware, from establishing in a computer.\n- Bot protection – This alerts a subscriber when a cybercriminal is attempting to remotely take over a computer to use as a source for automatic spamming and other crimes. Bots are what botnets are based on (groups of ordinary people’s computers that have been\n- Worm protection – By definition, worms attack networks rather than computers themselves. However, worms can carry payloads of malware that can be deposited onto computers, which will then do damage. Antivirus software can prevent this sort of attack – stop computer worms.\n- Trojan horses – Antivirus software can’t stop a person from being duped into thinking that a desired downloaded program or file is legitimate. However, antivirus software can warn them when malware is detected within a Trojan horse file.\n- Spyware – Antivirus software can detect when a computer has been infected with spyware, or software that’s meant to either collect data of usage or steal information, even when the source came from a reputable, legitimate source.\n- Messaging protection – Whether it’s instant messages or e-mails, antivirus software can warn users when these messages contain dangerous attachments or fraudulent links. Instant messaging security is important today.\nWhile having antivirus software protection is an important step in keeping a computer free of malware, there are still some other things a person can do to keep their computer as clean as possible.\n- Keep computer software updated – Operating system software is one of the key points in which cybercriminals attempt to exploit vulnerabilities in remote computers. However, to keep up with known attacks, operating system producers constantly update their software for free in order to help protect their patrons. These updates are free, and can be set up to happen automatically.\n- Practice safe Internet habits – There are many ways that cybercriminals can insert malware onto computers, and some of these methods involve fooling ignorant users into accepting the offending software freely. Never open attachments or follow links from unknown sources. Never give out confidential information, such as passwords, even if it appears to come from an administrator. Use strong passwords on a regular base.\nMSD are partnered with many Antivirus providers.\nWe believe that some solutions may work fine for some businesses but not for others.\nCan you benefit from a cost saving by hosting your own Antivirus console? Do you need the freedom of a cloud hosted solution which still allows tracking and management of threats no matter where your staff are?\nMSD can provide a solution to fit your business needs and budget.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Department of College and Career Success\nSupporting Postsecondary and Workforce Readiness\n“The new measure of a sufficiently prepared student is one who has knowledge and skills to keep learning beyond secondary school, first in formal settings and then in the workplace throughout their careers, so that they are capable of adapting to unpredictable changes and new economic conditions and opportunities.\"\nPWR is an ongoing process that includes:\n- students discovering their interests and strengths\n- exposure to various high-demand careers early and often\n- access to programs that support student goals and needs\n- supporting students as they prepare and plan for life after graduation\n- and a variety of opportunities to earn credentials that will open doors to their future.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Meta. The power of the mind to reproduce its ideas in unlimited expression. This ability of the mind to make substance out of ideas is called faith. When told by Jehovah that he was henceforth to be Abraham, Abram was told also that he was to be the father of a multitude. This means that one is to express faith by bringing the faith of God into the multitude of manifested thoughts and acts.\nThe first step in spiritual development is the awakening of faith (represented by Abraham). We must have faith in the reality of the power of the realms invisible. Abraham, inspired by the Lord, went forth into another country, where his progeny, or manifestations, increased tremendously.\nThe early growth of faith is not very deeply rooted. Abraham lived in a tent, which illustrates that faith has not yet become an abiding quality of the consciousness. Through certain experiences and movements of the mind, faith takes a firmer hold; it establishes the firmament mentioned in the 1st chapter of Genesis.\nIn Matthew 3: 9 Abraham represents a certain phase of consciousness in the development of the Adam man, who was formed out of the \"dust of the ground.\" \"God is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham.\" What we want is a baptism of mind that will free us from all the limitations of the Adam man and open our eyes to the Christ state, with its New Jerusalem environment, now forming in the heavens all about us.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In honor of National Cookie Day on December 4, PBS KIDS is excited to share an educational and delicious cookie recipe that encourages children to communicate how they’re feeling. Talking through a range of emotions like happy, mad and sad with children through fun activities can help them develop their social emotional skills – and this recipe helps do just that.\n“Get Out the Mad” Cookies, are inspired by the PBS KIDS show, DANIEL TIGER’S NEIGHBORHOOD.\nWhy bake ‘Get Out the Mad” Cookies with your children?\nWhen you feel so mad that you want to roar, take a deep breath and count to four.\nBaking these cookies with children not only hones math skills, but also encourages conversations around an array of emotions, which helps social emotional skill development.\nIn order to make the most out of the educational baking activity, start by asking your child what some common feelings are and when last time they remember feeling happy, sad, mad, etc was.\nAnger is an emotion that can feel scary – both to feel and to talk about. Bringing it up while doing a fun activity like baking allows you to show that emotions are something safe to feel and talk about in your family.\nYou can explain that there are things they can do when they’re angry besides shouting or hitting, like pound on clay or dough.\nDirections and ingredients for “Get Out the Mad” Cookies:\n- 3 cups oatmeal\n- 1 1/2 cups brown sugar\n- 1 1/2 all-purpose flour\n- 1 1/2 cups butter or margarine\n- 1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder\n- Cookie sheet\nPreheat the oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit.\nAsk your child to help measure out the ingredients. This is a great opportunity to talk about reading numbers and following directions carefully.\nPlace all ingredients in a large bowl and mix well.\nGive your child a manageable chunk of dough. It’s okay for your child to mash it, knead it, and pound it. The longer and harder your child mixes the dough, the better the cookies taste!\nWhen the mixing is done, show your child how to roll the dough into balls about the size of ping-pong balls, and place them on a lightly greased cookie sheet.\nBake at 350 degrees Fahrenheit for 10 to 12 minutes\nMore Emotional Learning for Preschoolers:\n- Hug It Out – Calming an Angry Child\n- How to Stay Calm if Your Child is Yelling at You\n- The Emotions Bowl – teaching kids about emotions and how to regulate them\nMore baking for Preschoolers:\n- For another PBS KIDS approved recipe, check out Nana Platypus’ “Mozie-mazing Cookies” here.\n- Best Gifts for Kid Bakers\n- Easy Homemade Snacks for Kids to Cook", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Species Detail - Phyllonorycter maestingella - Species information displayed is based on all datasets.\nTerrestrial Map - 10kmDistribution of the number of records recorded within each 10km grid square (ITM).\nMarine Map - 50kmDistribution of the number of records recorded within each 50km grid square (WGS84).\ninsect - moth\n1 January (recorded in 1980)\n11 December (recorded in 1980)\nNational Biodiversity Data Centre, Ireland, Phyllonorycter maestingella, accessed 18 October 2021, <https://maps.biodiversityireland.ie/Species/82368>", "label": "No"}
{"text": "|Introduction||Methods||Relevent Publications||Support||Contact Information|\nRather than explicitly planning the trajectory of motion of a limb anew for each movement, we are inspired by theories that posit that human beings tend to chose from a limited but possibly large repertoire of movement primitives. Our inspiration for primitives-based motor control is based on evidence from experiments carried out on frogs and rats, where complete movements (such as reaching and wiping) could be produced by potentiating an electrode in different regions of the spine of spinalized frogs. These movements are considered to be primitives for two reasons:\nA very critical question remains as to what primitives should be used.\nOur approach is to process visual data to derive the primitives involved and to build controllers for them. Looking for correlations or patterns in visual data is a complex and high dimensional task. To reduce the space we work in, we need to segment the data. Subsequently we use PCA to obtain a set of eigenvectors as descriptors of the movement. We are currently implementing a controller for this scheme.\nWe use real 3-D human motor data in our analysis. The data are transformed into intrinsic joint space. A phase plot (of the trajectory followed by a system's variables) for a 2-dof movement is shown below. The '+'s mark points at zero velocity crossings (zvc) for all degrees of freedom.\nTo derive the primitives, the joint space data are segmented and converted into a set of vectors. These vectors are analyzed using PCA to obtain a set of principal components or eigenvectors which we call eigenmovements thus named since they can be used as building blocks for any generic movement. Given the projection of a segment along one of the eigenmovements, we can reconstruct the original movement.\nIn order to make the approach practical, we need to build controllers for the humanoid. We are currently building the controllers for individual primitives and a system that would allow them to co-operate.\nThe following is a schematic diagram of the control architecture.\nThe desired position is compared with the actual state to obtain an error signal. This error signal is projected on to the primitives to obtain a measure of the activation of each of the eigenmovements or primitives. Each Primitive Controller then generates a suitable torque. The torques need to be modified based on the current position of the arm. This is achieved by passing the torque signal through the Position Correction module. The torques are now sent to the humanoid.\nIn summary, the goals of this project are:\nThis work is supported in part by DARPAGrant DABT63-99-1-0015 under the Mobile Autonomous Robot Software (MARS) program, and in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 9896322 and an Infrastructure Grant. The data used for this work was gathered by M. Mataric and M. Pomplun in a joint interdisciplinary project conducted at the National Institutes of Health Resource for Study of Neural Models of Behavior, at the University of Rochester. The humanoid simulator was obtained from Jessica Hodgins.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This article provides a summary of the concepts discussed in the articles under the Section “Constituent Materials” in ASM Handbook, Volume 21: Composites. The Section describes the major matrix resins and reinforcing fibers used in composite materials, as well as some of the intermediate material forms available for composite fabrication.\nSteven R. Nutt, Introduction to Constituent Materials, Composites, Vol 21, ASM Handbook, Edited By Daniel B. Miracle, Steven L. Donaldson, ASM International, 2001, p 21–22, https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003351\nDownload citation file:", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A seal and octopus fight isn’t something you see every day, but nature is constantly surprising us.\nIt isn’t clear exactly how the fight started. The seal may have been curious and simply wanted to investigate the fairly large octopus.\nThe seal could have possibly had dinner in mind when it came across the octopus.\nWild seals are known to eat squid, and more than one has surely tasted octopus. The seal and octopus roll around in the water, with the tentacles of the octopus wrapping around the seal for several minutes before the clear victor emerges.\nIn the days before smartphones and digital cameras, this battle would have just been another story told after the fact. However, we are now able to see more interesting videos of things like this seal octopus fight. Animal fights never fail to amaze. The animal kingdom is an incredible place.\nIt only takes one viewing of an episode of “Planet Earth” to be sure of that.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Brain Architecture Game’s intellectual property belongs to a not-for-profit partnership between:\nThe Brain Architecture Game is a tabletop game experience that builds understanding of the powerful role of experiences on early brain development – what promotes it, what derails it, with what consequences for society.\nThe goal is to build a brain that is as tall as possible, which represents functionality, and as sturdy as possible, which represents the ability to withstand stresses. Groups of four to six players work together, drawing Life Experience cards to gain materials for brain building.\nPositive experiences earn a pipe cleaner and a straw for support. Negative experiences? Pipe cleaner, but no straw. After the initial period of early childhood brain development, weights must be hung from the structure of the brain when life hands out stressors. Will the foundation withstand these weights, or will it collapse? Afterward, groups use the notes in their Life Journals to discuss the experiences that strengthened, or weakened, the architecture of their developing brains.\nThe game is a 75-90 minute experience optimized for groups of 4-6 people per table. It can be played in small workshops, conferences, and large events, with as few as 8, or as many as 300 participants.\n“The brain architecture game helps people appreciate the impact of early childhood experiences on outcomes across the lifespan.”\nSmaller groups (less than 15 people) are encouraged to visit the website for instructions and materials to facilitate on their own.\nGEEARS is available to facilitate a limited number Brain Architecture Games for larger groups (20 or more people) each month.\nIf you are interested in having us facilitate the Brain Architecture game for your group, please complete the form below:", "label": "No"}
{"text": "NASA has captured satellite images of a giant pumice raft drifting near Tonga, revealing the rubble slick was once roughly the size of Manhattan, in New York City.\n- The raft has been dispersing since a volcanic eruption, believed to have occurred near Tonga, in early August\n- A Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program report said the slick was 50 kilometres long at one point\n- NASA's last observation of the raft said it had broken up further but was still visible\nThe floating mass is most likely the result of an eruption from an unlisted submarine volcanic vent near the island of Late on August 6 or 7, according to a report on the Volcano Discovery website.\nLava from this eruption formed into vast amounts of porous rock, floating on the surface of the ocean in a gigantic clump known as a pumice raft.\nA Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program report said the surface pumice layer was as deep as 30 centimetres, according to an observation on August 9, with pieces as large as 80 centimetres in diameter.\nOn August 11, the report said the raft averaged a size of about 2.5 kilometres wide, stretching across 35 kilometres.\nAnother band spanned for as long as 50 kilometres, the Smithsonian site reported.\nNASA's Operational Land Imager captured a photo of the rubble slick on August 13, when it had drifted south-west from the site of the volcano.\nAt this point, the raft of rocks had gathered in a clump roughly the size of Manhattan, which has an area of nearly 60 square kilometres.\nAs they approached, they noted the distinct smell of sulphur.\n\"The waves were knocked back to almost calm and the boat was slowed to 1 [knot],\" the pair wrote in a Facebook post.\n\"The rubble slick went as far as we could see in the moonlight and with our spotlight.\"\nAfter clearing the raft, the pair noted a few paint chips but wrote on an online yacht tracking platform that their vessel was \"in pretty good shape\".\n\"The hull has never been cleaner.\n\"It's literally been exfoliated.\"\nQueensland University of Technology geologist Scott Bryan said pieces of pumice from the eruption would wash up on Australian shores in seven to 12 months.\n\"When it gets here, [the pumice raft will be] covered in a whole range of organisms of algae and barnacles and corals and crabs and snails and worms,\" he said.\n\"We're going to have millions of individual corals and lots of other organisms all coming in together with the potential of finding new homes along our coastline.\"\nNASA's last mention of the raft was on August 22, noting it had moved north.\nIt has broken up further but was still visible, according to a NASA blog post.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Once you get to the Windows Desktop screen, here are some basic features you will see.\nOne of the most important parts of your Desktop is the Taskbar. By default, it sits at the bottom of your screen giving you access to the Start Menu, several application icons, and the Notification Area.\nIn Windows 10, if an application is active or opened, you will see a green line below its icon. Clicking the icon will bring the application window up.\nEvery open window features three buttons in the upper-right corner. These are used to minimize, maximize, or close the window −\n- Minimizing means that the window will hide in the Taskbar.\n- Maximizing will bring the window to a full-screen size.\nWindows can be moved around or resized as you please −\n- To move a window, just click on its Title Bar on the upper side of the window and drag it.\n- To resize a window, move your mouse to any corner until you see a double-sided arrow. Then click and drag until you reach the desired size.\nMost Windows versions will feature different icons on the background. An icon is simply a graphic representation of an application or a file. To open or access an icon, just double click on it.\nAlthough the amount and type of icons will vary, depending on the computer, you can add more icons by following these steps −\nStep 1 − Right-click on the Desktop Background.\nStep 2 − Choose “New” and “Shortcut”.\nStep 3 − Browse for the application or file you want to create a shortcut to.\nStep 4 − Assign a name to the shortcut and click “Finish”.\nIcons can also be moved around by clicking on them and dragging them to another place in the screen.\nAnother component of your Desktop is the Background. This is simply an image that appears at the back of your screen. Most computers come with a pre-selected background, but you can change it to any image you want.\nTo change the background, follow these steps −\nStep 1 − Right-click on the background and choose “Personalize”.\nStep 2 − From the Personalization window, choose from a series of pre-selected pictures or browse for your own.\nAfter choosing a picture, the Background will change automatically.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Summer Next Gen Designers Camp 2017\nFor Summer 2017, we have created two advanced project weeks for students 4th through 8th grade. Our older students can choose freely between between our Next Gen Designers Camp and our Innovators Camp. (for example a student may take 4 weeks of Innovators camp and 2 weeks of Next Gen Designers camp). Students who are not entering 4th grade in the Fall of 2017 are not eligible for this camp, but are welcome to register in our Innovator's Camp occurring simultaneously for kids up to age 12.\nGo Cart Team Design and Innovation (June 12th, June 19th, June 26th, July 24th, July 31st, August 7th) – Kids love go carts and in this NexGen Design Camp built for 4th-8th graders, students will learn engineering design and teamwork principles as they design, build, and test a gravity-powered go-cart from scratch. These Go-Carts at the real thing, so parents should know in advance that students must be entering fourth grade at least, as we will be using power tools, cutting and sanding wood, painting, and engineering solutions to innovate the go carts with features that student teams desire. On Day 5 of Go Cart Design, kids will have their own Go Cart Soap Box Derby just outside Soldier Field, where they will have a chance to test their machines for stability, speed, comfort, and stopping distance to better understand their design trade-offs. For 2017, we have added the Team Design component as solving problems on teams is a reality for engineers, and thus all participants in NexGen Design Go Carts will get a little Team Dynamics training as well. Parents should know that if your child loved building Go-Carts the first time, the experience of team design in 2017 will produce new challenges in 2017 and allow for a more elaborate finished product.\nBoat Design and Innovation (July 10th, July 17th, August 14th, August 21st) - Rivers, Lakes, and Oceans spark the creative design juices for even the most video game loving children among us. Living along the water in both Chicago and Seattle, offers students at Kids Science Labs the opportunity to engage in an engineering challenge for the ages, as our 4th-8th grade students will design real boats using real science under real engineering constraints all week and take home their innovative designs that will fit in the bathtub. Our NexGen Boat Design Camp in 2017 will feature kids using real power tools, cutting and sanding raw materials, and experimenting with buoyancy, liquid properties of materials, propulsion techniques, weatherproofing, stability, and even cabin design, as they consider the design tradeoffs that will allow each of them to design, build, innovate, and test their boats. Kids will chose from three different boat types (sailboats, fishing boats, speedboats), and design their boats from beginning to end with no kits whatsoever. This NexGen Design Camp was made to introduce kids to the real tradeoffs in design that happen, including economics. Unlike Go-Carts Design Camp, we have tweaked these Boat Designs such that they are scaled to fit inside of your bathtub (bigger than a toy boat, but small enough for a 12yr old to carry easily).\nWhy are you adding these two weeks of design and project camp? We are always tinkering and want to create new, fun, and challenging material for our students. Parents have requested we offer a project based progressive camp for older students at KSL. In response to those requests, we have created our Next Gen Designers Camp which we will initially be offering to 4th to 8th graders. There will be two major design projects where our students Design, Build, and Test their creations.\nStudents can freely choose between our Next Gen Designers Camp and our regularly offered Innovators camp offered for the entire summer. If the South Loop center isn't feasible for you, no problem, kids JK through 7th grade can still attend our Innovators camp.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Reformation was led by men like Luther, Calvin and Zwingli who revolutionised their world and ours. But there were also many remarkable women who defied social biases and traditions with a dauntless commitment to God’s Word.\nThese are the true stories of eight of these women: follow Katharina von Bora as she escapes from a convent to start a revolutionary new life; flee Paris with Charlotte Duplessis de Mornay, who wrote an eyewitness account of the gruesome St Bartholomew's Day massacre; and learn about the new faith with Queen Katherine Parr, the only one of Henry VIII’s wives to survive him.\nThese women were heads of state, writers, activists, poets and scholars but they were also very human, with their own loves, fears, heartbreaks and temptations. When we are called to stand for our faith, we can be inspired by their legacy.\nView Author Interview: https://youtu.be/LcZVJZQMVxQ", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Five of Britain’s native breeds are on the Rare Breeds Survival Trust’s critical list, fighting for their survival. Octavia Pollock explains why it’s worth considering these often overlooked horses and ponies...\nAnyone who doubts the ability of the Exmoor pony should see the astonishing photograph of Tippbarlake William jumping a hedge out of his field to follow the Beaufort. The wild ponies, with their dark dappled coats and mealy muzzles, are beloved by anyone who devoured Moorland Mousie as a child. Yet the breed is now classed as “endangered” by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust (RBST), as is its southern counterpart, the Dartmoor.\nFive other native British breeds are faring even worse: the Cleveland Bay, Eriskay pony, Suffolk, hackney horse and pony and Dales pony are “critical”, with fewer than 300 breeding mares. All five are full of ability and character, yet are often overlooked in favour of more obvious options.\nThe oldest of the English breeds is the Cleveland Bay, with enviable temperament and stamina. Recent genetic research shows the breed’s origins go back to the Sarmatian tribes of the Crimea, who travelled to the region of Hadrian’s Wall after a treaty of 175AD with Marcus Aurelius. The strong, swift horses were described as “brown as apple wood” in Beowulf, about 700AD, and eventually began to be used by chapmen, Yorkshire travelling salesmen, to carry goods.\nWhen coaches arrived in the reign of Elizabeth I, Cleveland Bays, named for the Yorkshire region, were the natural choice to pull them. Their driving prowess nearly led to their downfall, with so many being used in the World Wars that breeding stock was drastically reduced, but also led to their revival when George VI and, later, his daughter, our Queen, recognised their value. Now, no Royal Ascot week would be complete without the noble bays trotting up the straight.\nStamina and willingness\nThink of a hackney and you think of a carriage. Breed doyenne Barbara Stockton showed high-stepping hackneys for some 25 years before venturing into the coaching world, covering 30 miles a day on annual tours with four-in-hand teams.\n“They have stamina and willingness – it’s hard to believe the situation is as it is,” she says.\nShe points out that they have been the most successful carriage horse in showing: “If another breed was having the success the hackney has, they would be breeding them. I don’t understand it.”\nBarbara’s employee Darron Lea, who has hunted them, says: “I’ve worked with horses from breaking in Shetland ponies to logging with Shires and you’d struggle to find a better horse than a hackney.\n“You can ask and ask and ask and they’ll give – you have to be the one to say they’ve done enough.”\nHackneys star in dressage, showjumping and hunting, their athleticism and strength invaluable attributes.\nCleveland Bays, too, excel beyond the shafts. Many were exported to America in the late 19th century and are very popular there. Orange County hunt field master Maryalice Matheson-Thomas, who has bred and trained them for nearly 40 years, praises their “easy temperament – and they are sturdy, sound and athletic”.\nIn England, Bruce Langley-McKim of Thorpeley Irish Draught and Rare Breed Stud champions them: “Cleveland Bays had an unfair reputation for being arrogant, but it’s only the way they were handled. My stallions will jump anything I point them at.”\nSadly, a failure to link the American Stud Book with the British means that international breeding must be careful not to dilute the genetics.\nKey to the survival of any rare breed is that it has a use, which is problematic for horses. As Christopher Price, chief executive of the RBST, points out, you can revive cattle or sheep by selling their produce, but that is seldom an option for horses.\n“Some can be used in forestry, where they can reach places machines can’t, and for conservation grazing, but otherwise it’s mainly through showing, which is why it’s so important to keep classes going,” he says.\nUnfortunately, certain entrenched beliefs within the showing world hinder this. The diminutive, tough Eriskay pony of the Hebrides has been proved by DNA testing to be one of the most ancient and distinct breeds in the world. By virtue of its remoteness, it escaped the cross-breeding that diluted the strains of other island ponies.\n“The Eriskay made crofting life in the Western Isles possible for generations,” says Nigel McWilliam of the Eriskay Pony Society. “They were bred for a unique set of circumstances that gives them their own niche as dependable family friends.”\nNow, they can be found across the UK, winning driving and TREC titles and excelling in spheres from showjumping to equine therapy. However, the society was not formed until the 1970s and there are still those who consider them not to be a breed. As a result, they are not eligible for mountain and moorland classes at National Pony Society or British Show Pony Society events.\n“It is a huge barrier,” notes Nigel. “It is key to their success that the ponies are seen out and about. Apart from their historical and genetic value, they are lovely ponies.”\nOne breed that is excelling in the showing sphere is the Dales, the strong, hardy and long-lived black pony of Yorkshire farmers, who would carry a load, pull a trap and go hunting with equal aplomb. Top-quality foals are in high demand for showing, but at the lower end of the market the breed is suffering, with traditional coloured ponies proving more popular among families.\n“They’re not dead between the ears,” notes Jill Graham of the Dales Pony Society. “You do have to ride them.”\nDales are worth considering, however, being surefooted and intelligent.\n“They’re not natural jumpers, but they will heave over a decent fence and make excellent hunters,” she says.\nTheir pronounced action makes them a good option for dressage, and they have no upper height limit, 15hh being a useful size.\nSome 100 Dales foals are registered a year, although last year 124 were born.\n“It’s a chicken-and-egg situation,” says Jill. “We don’t want to overbreed, but if there aren’t ponies available, buyers won’t consider them.”\nThe demand should be there: “They will happily turn their hooves to anything,” says Lynette Morrison, who hunts Akehurst Take A Chance with the Royal Artillery twice a week. “He’s tough as old boots and surefooted, as happy at the back of the field as up front or trail laying.”\nThe pair also do dressage, side-saddle, eventing, TREC and horseback archery.\nA use beyond the traditional\nThe broad chestnut flanks of the Suffolk, colloquially the Suffolk Punch, are a familiar sight on the showground and in ploughing competitions, adorned with gleaming brasses and ribbons. However, Bruce is among those proving that they have a use beyond the traditional.\n“My stallion Craikhow Hall Jensen has gone clear round ‘Burghley’ – Pony Club 80cm, but still – and jumps hedges with the Cottesmore and Fernie,” he notes. “I don’t want to change their type or refine them, I want height, depth, frame.”\nHe admires the dedication of the showing fraternity, but three tables worth of tack put him off that route. “‘Show fit’ often means too fat,” he says. “I want to see them actually doing something!”\nSuffolks have a genuine value for jobs such as hauling timber in conservation areas, but they should not be restricted to harness.\nGood news in the RBST watchlist 2020–2021 is that the Cleveland Bay, Dales and Suffolk have all seen more than a 5% increase in breeding mares (Eriskays have not changed and hackneys have declined). Our five rarest breeds are not anachronisms left over from earlier times, but valuable and valued horses and ponies whose abilities go far beyond their stereotypes. The plough of Suffolk and the hill tracks of Yorkshire may no longer need the native breeds of old, but their descendants deserve to thrive in the 21st century.\nMoor to meal\nThe Devon breed recognised by the RBST as “endangered” is the Dartmoor, the Victorian result of crossing chunky hill ponies with Arabs and hackneys to create polo ponies and admired as agile and attractive, good for riding and driving. Still on the moor, however, are some 1,200 Dartmoor Hill Ponies, of assorted colours and sizes. In an endeavour to ensure recognition of the herds after Brexit, the first genetic profiling of the hill ponies was carried out and revealed that they appear to be genetically distinct, sharing genes only with the Carneddau ponies of Wales.\nAs Joss Hibbs of the Dartmoor Hill Pony Association explains, one method of ensuring they retain a value is by selling their meat through Dartmoor Conservation Meat. “It is lean red meat and contains omega-3, usually found in fish. The ponies are unique,” she says.\nThe scientific side\nWhen only a small breeding pool exists, scientific methods come to the fore. Yvonne Evans, chair of the Eriskay Pony Society, is a leading proponent of artificial insemination (AI) for preserving rare breeds, collecting semen of quality stallions.\n“We are mindful that we have older mares, too, whose eggs need preserving,” she says. “If the gene pool gets too narrow, it can tip over into extinction.”\nYvonne credits Dr Andrew Dell’s work for Cleveland Bays and Suffolks in avoiding the mixing of rare bloodlines and a reduction of “mean kinship” (retaining animals that are genetically important): “We are fortunate that we have his Sparks programme, a traffic-light system for determining whether a match is good or bad.”\nThere will always be a place for traditional breeding, but ever-improving AI will help.\nRef Horse & Hound; 14 May 2020\nYou may also be interested in…\nThe mare has had a significant impact on the breed, in the UK and abroad\n‘I don’t want them to be any smaller, or lighter-framed – I don’t want to lose what a Suffolk horse\nNumbers of the Eriskay pony became very low in the early 1970s with just 20 mares and a single stallion\nFootage from Emma Massingale's exciting trip will be aired on the BBC’s The One Show later this year\nThe President's Ride, involving more than 60 Dales ponies, marked the start of a week of centenary celebrations for the\nThe future of the hackney horse hangs in the balance with less than 300 breeding mares now registered", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Early Years Learning Framework Mandated Materials\nACECQA have released the revised national approved learning framework Belonging, Being and Becoming: The Early Years Learning Framework (the Framework) as of 23 January 2023.\nBelonging, Being and Becoming - The Early Years Learning Framework describes the principles, practice and outcomes essential to support and enhance young children's learning from birth to five years of age, as well as their transition to school.\n|Belonging, Being and Becoming - The Early Years Learning Framework|\n|PDF, 25539.06 KB||Early Years Learning Framework - complete document|\n|PDF, 6398.97 KB||CONTENTS AND INTRODUCTION|\n|PDF, 4364.39 KB||A VISION FOR CHILDREN'S LEARNING|\n|PDF, 1380.62 KB||ELEMENTS OF THE EARLY YEARS LEARNING FRAMEWORK|\n|PDF, 1885.25 KB||EARLY CHILDHOOD PEDAGOGY|\n|PDF, 6257.12 KB||PRINCIPLES|\n|PDF, 4929.74 KB||PRACTICE|\n|PDF, 172.33 KB||THE EARLY YEARS LEARNING FRAMEWORK PLANNING CYCLE|\n|PDF, 180.27 KB||LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR BIRTH TO 5 YEARS|\n|PDF, 243.03 KB||Outcome 1 - Children have a strong sense of identity|\n|PDF, 236.35 KB||Outcome 2 - Children are connected with and contribute to their world|\n|PDF, 232.75 KB||Outcome 3 - Children have a strong sense of wellbeing|\n|PDF, 237.46 KB||Outcome 4 - Children are confident and involved learners|\n|PDF, 239.12 KB||Outcome 5 - Children are effective communicators|\n|PDF, 108.1 KB||GLOSSARY OF TERMS|\n|PDF, 66.16 KB||REFERENCES|\nPublished by the Australian Government Department of Education for the Ministerial Council.\nThis is the only official version of the Early Years Learning Framework V2.0, which has been approved by the Ministerial Council under S220(1) (f) of the Education and Care Services National Law.\nUsed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Australia licence.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What Kind of App Can be Built in Python – and the Different Frameworks that can be Used\nPython a high-level wide-ranging programming language offers manifold paradigms like object-orientation, as well as structural plus functional programming for software development. It functions on cross-platform OS’s and can be utilized across to develop an extensive variety of apps including those proposed for image processing, word processing, web, moreover enterprise level applying scientific, numeric plus data from the network. A few of the worldwide-used apps that are built based on Python are Cinema 4D, YouTube, Deluge, Dropbox, Bit Torrent, and Bazaar.\nPython has assumed control over the creating space. Indeed, it’s all over the place. Ask any coder and they’ll disclose to you that it’s not at all difficult to learn.\nThe programming language is likewise very prevalent among information researchers and new businesses. That can give you a thought of how predominant it will be sooner rather than later. Python is a Top 5 coding language since it’s very logical and light.\nFurther, installation projects like the Anaconda can do some stunning things with different OS. Python has the additional advantage of being a perfect and simple syntax with a huge community-run library.\nThis implies that newbies’, as well as seasoned ones alike, have access to a huge number of lines of code that can be effectively acquired from the best developers and utilized by anybody. So what cool things can you do with Python?\nApplications of Python\n- GUI (Graphical User Interface) based applications:\nPython has easy syntax, standard architecture, a rich text dealing out tools and the aptitude to work on manifold OSs which makes it an advantageous option for developing desktop-based apps. There is a range of GUI toolkits like wxPython, PyQt or PyGtk accessible which assist developers to make extremely functional GUI.\n- Web Frameworks plus web applications\nPython has been utilized to make an assortment of web- framework s including CherryPy, Django, TurboGears, Bottle, Flask and so forth. These systems give standard libraries and modules which streamline errands identified with content management, interaction with database and interfacing with various internet protocols.\n- Enterprise plus business applications:\nWith attributes that incorporate exceptional libraries, extensibility, adaptability, and effectively readable syntax, Python is a fitting coding language for modifying bigger applications.\n- Operating Systems\nPython is a lot an integral portion of Linux conveyances. For example, Ubuntu’s Ubiquity Installer, and Fedora’s and Red Hat Enterprise Linux’s Anaconda Installer are written in Python. Gentoo Linux utilizes Python for Portage, its bundle the board framework.\n- Language development\nPython’s design, as well as module construction, has determined various language developments. Boo language utilizes an object model, sentence framework and indentation, like Python. Further, the syntax of languages like CoffeeScript, Apple’s Swift, Cobra, and OCaml all share similarity with Python.\nOther than being fast and simple to learn, Python likewise has the open source benefit of being free with the help of an enormous community. This has made it the favored decision for prototype development. Further, the readiness, extensibility and versatility and simplicity of refactoring code related to Python permit quicker development from the starting model.\nPython can be utilized to code a Raspberry Pi to work as the brain of a robot. By doing this you can get the robot to respond to its condition and carry out manifold actions.\nThe different Python Frameworks that can be used\nLet’s now look at some of the Python frameworks that can be utilized for application- tailored fields. You as a Python developer must know about this and we at Algosoft Technologies will train you in all these areas and more.\nCherryPy is a minimalist Python web system. It deals with the latest forms of Python, and it even runs flawlessly on Android. It is in use from just about ten years. CherryPy enables developers to run different HTTP servers simultaneously and it takes into account profiling.\nFlask is exceptionally reasonable for designers that need to make an independent application. Flask accompanies the Jinja format engine by default, yet designers can pick any template engine or ORM that is ideal for them. Flask is valuable for composing APIs, endpoints, or RESTful services.\nDjango is an open-source framework that makes things quick and adaptable. The framework is consistently refreshed to coordinate the newest editions of Python. Django supports many database engines and is utilized by prevalent sites like Instagram, Pinterest, The Washington Post, and others. Django is not difficult to learn for novices. Django can be utilized to assemble practically any sort of site from social networks to CMS to wikis to news sites. With Django, you can convey content in JSON, RSS channels XML, HTML, and practically any format.\nA pyramid is a Python framework that supports validation and routing. It is incredible for developing enormous web applications, as CMSs, and it is valuable for prototyping an idea and for developers working at API ventures. The pyramid is adaptable and can be utilized for both basic and complex activities.\nTurboGears is an inventive Python framework. It is a single file application that can be kept running on Python and furthermore scaled to a full stack solution. It has an adaptable ORM with multi-database support. It tends to be utilized for all types of basic and advanced ventures. The documentation is straightforward and simple to utilize. With TurboGears, you can make a ready-to-extend app within minutes.\nPylons is a framework that makes the following of blunders simple because of its online debugger. It is an open source system supported by a ton of gifted and experienced designers.\nWeb2py is one of the most portable, adaptable, and simple to utilize Python structures accessible. It doesn’t require any establishment or arrangement and it utilizes LDAP for its confirmation framework. Web2py can be kept running off a simple USB flash drive. It supports different database engines, and it has an inherent ticketing framework to enable it to oversee errors.\nThe Bottle framework is a little scale or minimalistic Python framework. Initially implied for creating web APIs, Bottle is designed as small and consequently attempts to execute everything in a single document. It has no dependencies except the Python Standard Library. It is lightweight, quick, and simple to utilize, and is appropriate for building RESTful services.\nCubicWeb is a full stack open-source Python structure created and curated by Logilab. CubicWeb utilizes cubes which are parts to develop web apps, where numerous cubes are combined to create an instance with the assistance of a database, a web server, and some configuration files. CubicWeb has a query language named RQL like W3C’s SPARQL. It has a selection plus view instrument for semi-automatic XHTML/XML/JSON/text generation and a library of reusable parts. CubicWeb is a proven end to end solution for semantic web app development that advances quality, reusability, and productivity.\nDash is an open-source Python small scale structure for building analytical web apps. It is truly reasonable for information researchers to work with. It has a high level of customization and a straightforward interface for tying UI controls, including dropdowns, charts, and sliders. A Dash application has two sections – the first is the design and it depicts how the application will look like and the second portrays the interactivity of the app. Dash gives HTML classes that permit the generation of the HTML content with Python. Dash applications are rendered in the internet browser and can be sent to servers and are henceforth cross-platform and mobile-ready.\nGiotto is a full-stack framework for structuring apps in a useful style. Giotto incorporates controller modules that empower users to make applications over the web, Internet Relay Chat (IRC) and command line. It is built up with a view for the code to be effectively viable over a long period of time, which would, in the end, bring about conveying the code rapidly. It has an inherent cache with support for Memcache and Redis, an automatic URL and database continuously with SQLAlchemy.\nSanic is a Python web server and web framework that is composed to go quick and handles quick HTTP reactions by means of asynchronous request handling. It permits the use of the async or awaits syntax making the code non-blocking and fast.\nTornado is a versatile, non-blocking web server and web app Python framework. The system is assembled explicitly to deal with asynchronous procedures. By utilizing non-blocking system I/O, Tornado can scale to a huge number of open links, making it perfect for long polling, WebSockets, and other apps that require a seemingly perpetual link with every user. It serves the app with its very own HTTP server and consequently, the user needs to set up how the app is served.\nWith Python, you can locate a library for essentially anything you could envision. What’s more, these libraries are in fact developed by the most excellent IT guys in the world and in particular those who were trained at Algosoft Technologies.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "There is a strange presumption in recent thought about human values. When we think about basic issues in ethics and politics, it is taken as a given that we face a choice between liberalism and relativism. Believing that human values are cultural constructions that vary widely across time and space, relativists urge us to be conscious of difference. If they have a political message it is one of tolerance: “Don’t try to impose your way of life on others; be sensitive to the claims of cultural minorities in your own society.” Liberals, on the other hand, insist that there are requirements of justice or rights that apply to all human beings regardless of the communities or cultures to which they belong. The liberal political message is one of universalism: “The human species is–or may one day become–a single moral community in which the same values are honored everywhere.” Either we commit ourselves to liberal universalism or we must embrace moral relativism.\nThere are many things wrong with this dichotomy. One of the most obvious is that it is highly parochial. Liberalism may look like the only game in town these days, but just a generation ago there were Marxists, anarchists, socialists and others who believed a systematic alternative to liberal society was desirable, imaginable and practically feasible. Further back in the history of thought, there were many versions of universalism–most of them nonliberal. Plato, Aristotle, Augustine and Aquinas all believed in universal values, but no one would call them liberals. Looking outside the Western tradition, the same is true of Confucian, Buddhist and Islamic thinkers. It is one thing to assert the existence of universal values, quite another to claim these values are in some sense liberal. It is also true that most relativists have not been greatly concerned with issues of difference. Often relativism has gone hand in hand with the idea that society is an organic whole–a highly dubious notion, which if it tends to support diversity does so only at the level of entire cultures. Herder and the Romantics celebrated the differences among peoples, but they were indifferent or hostile to the claims of cultural minorities.\nThe idea that we must choose between liberalism and relativism reflects the poverty of the contemporary political imagination and a disabling loss of historical memory. Kwame Anthony Appiah’s Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers is a welcome attempt to resurrect an older tradition of moral and political reflection and to show its relevance to our current condition. Appiah, a professor of philosophy at Princeton, seeks to revive cosmopolitanism, a view of humans as citizens of the world that was advanced by the Cynics in Greece in the fourth century BCE and elaborated by Stoic philosophers in Roman times. In Appiah’s view cosmopolitanism has two intertwined strands: the idea that we have obligations to other human beings above and beyond those to whom we are related by ties of family, kinship or formal citizenship; and an attitude that values others not just as specimens of universal humanity but as having lives whose meaning is bound up with particular practices and beliefs that are often different from our own. Appiah sees this cosmopolitan perspective re-emerging in the Enlightenment and expressed in the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and Kant’s idea of a League of Nations.\nAs a position in ethical theory, cosmopolitanism is distinct from relativism and universalism. It affirms the possibility of mutual understanding between adherents to different moralities but without holding out the promise of any ultimate consensus. There are human universals that make species-wide communication possible–and yet these commonalities do not ground anything like a single universally valid morality or way of life. Clearly this is a position that carries within it a certain tension. The idea that we have universal moral obligations is not always easily reconciled with the practices and beliefs that give particular human lives their meaning. Appiah recognizes this tension, and writes: “There will be times when these two ideals–universal concern and respect for legitimate difference–clash. There’s a sense in which cosmopolitanism is the name not of the solution but of the challenge.”", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Information graphics or Infographics are graphic visual representations of information, data or knowledge. These graphics present complex information quickly and clearly, such as in signs, maps, journalism, technical writing, and education. With an information graphic, computer scientists, mathematicians, and statisticians develop and communicate concepts using a single symbol to process information.\nToday information graphics surround us in the media, in published works both pedestrian and scientific, in road signs and manuals. They illustrate information that would be unwieldy in text form, and act as a visual shorthand for everyday concepts such as stop and go.\nIn newspapers, infographics are commonly used to show the weather, as well as maps and site plans for newsworthy events, and graphs for statistical data. In the recent days some of the books are almost entirely made up of information graphics such as David Macaulay’s The Way Things Work.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Have you ever wished you could find one source of photos and videos of the world’s wildlife for use in your classroom? An award-winning site called ARKive might be just what you need.\nARKive is a centralized digital library of photographs and videos of the world’s varied species. Special priority is given to documenting those species at most risk of extinction.\nThe welcome message on the home page explains:\nWildlife films and photos are vital weapons in the battle to save the world’s endangered species from the brink of extinction. So with the help of the world’s best filmmakers, photographers, conservationists, and scientists, ARKive is creating the ultimate multimedia guide to the world’s endangered animals, plants, and fungi.\nARKive images and video can supplement the lessons included in our article Lessons About Organisms, Their Adaptations, and Their Environments.You can explore the ARKive site using Google Earth, or create your own scrapbooks of images and videos. The site also includes basic facts about each organism pictured, a number of teaching resources, and two games that help elementary students learn about habitats and adaptations.\nDesign a Habitat (Grades 3-5)\nIn this game, students design the perfect habitat for a family of black-footed ferrets, an endangered species. The game provides background information for students in terms of the ferret’s needs and gives feedback to students on the suitability of their designed habitat.\nAnimal Survival (Grades 3-5)\nStudents answer six questions about the sand lizard’s daily habits and how the cold-blooded reptile is adapted to life in the desert. While the interactive provides the correct answers, it would be helpful for students to have learned about similar desert reptiles before completing this.\nThis article was written by Jessica Fries-Gaither. Jessica is an education resource specialist at The Ohio State University and project director of Beyond Penguins and Polar Bears. She has taught in elementary and middle school settings. Email Jessica at firstname.lastname@example.org.\nCopyright May 2011 – The Ohio State University. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1034922. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. This work is licensed under an Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons license.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "2005 buffalo nickel is a five-cent piece famous for its error. Speared bison error worth more than 1200 dollars was the most popular among them. A line intersects the buffalo from one point to another which makes this coin special. There is another error called detached leg error in which the leg of the buffalo detached from its body. Another thing that makes 2005 Jefferson’s buffalo nickel different from the previous buffalo coins is its reverse bison design (Buffalo in opposite direction).\nBuffalo nickel is a five-cent copper coin, it was introduced by the United States Mint and struck in 1913 to 1938. The buffalo head nickel is also known as Indian head nickel because when it was newly introduced, one side of the coin was imposed with red-Indian men and the other side is imposed with a full picture of buffalo. Sculptor James Earle Fraser designed it.\nIn 1883 the coin was launched with its very first design called ‘liberty head nickel’, this was designed by Charles E barber who was the sixth chief engraver of the united states mint. When it was launched, the word cent was not written on the liberty side of the coin afterward due to some criminal activities it was modified with the words cent.\nLater on, Fraser who was a well-known sculptor of the united states, redesign it and come up with a red Indian head. The design was praised by the Traft administration of the U.S and approved it but due to some issues with the nickel-operating machine, the design was delayed by the Hobbs manufacturing company. In February 1913, after all the objections the Indian head nickel was issued by franklin McVeigh who was a treasury secretary of the U.S.\nFraser design stayed for 25 years and in 1938 it was redesigned by another designer “Felix Oscar Schlage” who was a sculptor and a designer of this new coin called “Jefferson nickel” which was stayed from 1938 to 2004. Fraser’s design is still admired and included in the buffalo gold series.\nIn 2005 Jefferson’s nickel was redesigned with reverse bison. This design is very popular with the name of 2005 buffalo nickel. The reason for the popularity is its error. The errored coins were sold for a good amount of money.\nSummary: initially buffalo nickel was designed by Charles E barber, 1938 Fraser who was a famous sculptor modify the design and bring it up with a native American face. The design was appreciated and by the American Traft administration but not approved due to some issues. Later on, franklin McVeigh approved it.\nThe 2005 buffalo nickel was very popular among people because of its design error. A variety of errors were found in 2005 buffalo nickel, because of which it was sold in good amount.\nIt is a 5-cent buffalo nickel, popular for its reverse buffalo design. The head of the buffalo is in the opposite direction than the previous coin designs. These coins are rare and sold for $125, more than their actual worth.\nJefferson’s 2005 buffalo nickel with speared bison error coin is the most popular error and also price worthy. If you have a hand full of coins then try to find out a speared bison coin because it gives you more money than your expectations. Its basic cost is 5 cents however this error and rarity makes it expensive.\nA diagonal or straight line intersects the buffalo from one end to another as you can see in this video\nThis makes it rare and was sold for $1265. It is also called die-cast error\n2005 buffalo nickel is famous for another error called detached leg error. The surface of the machine was polished as much as the leg-mounted area was where the attachment of the leg from the body was disappeared that result in a detached leg error in the coin.\nPeople find it rare and start buying the coin, due to an increase in demand and quantity shortage 2005 buffalo nickel value also increased.\nSome of the questions may arise in your mind, in this section we answer some of them regarding the topic.\n1. How much is a 2004 buffalo nickel worth?\n2004 buffalo nickel worth is around $0.26 to $0.80. this value is estimated in the U.S coin book. It can be worth more in uncirculated (MN+) mint condition.\n2. What is the rarest nickel?\nThe liberty head nickel that was produced in 1913, is one of the rare and worthy coins in the history of the American mint. It is produced in very small quantity and in 2007 one of liberty head nickel were sold in $5 million.\n3. Is the nickel with a buffalo rare?\nBuffalo nickel is not rare but the error it contains makes it rare. During the making of the buffalo coin, some coins got errors in their mounting due to technical issues. These errored coins get popular with time and become pricy.\n4. Why does my buffalo nickel have no date?\nIf your buffalo nickel has no date it means that it has been worn off because of circulating for a longer period of time.\n5. Where is the mint mark on an Indian head nickel or buffalo nickel?\nOn Indian head nickel or buffalo nickel, the mint mark was located in the reverse of the coin, below five cents. Mint is a mark on the coin that identified the mint at which the particular coin was made.\n2005 buffalo nickel was famous for the mount errors in the buffalo side. Buffalo nickel was initially designed by Charles E barber then with time the design modified and in 2005 a buffalo nickel was published with reverse bison design and in front of Jefferson’s close-up side pose. It was popular due to some errors. These errors were formed due to die machines; the mixture of alloy and other mater stick in the narrow area of die results the mixture couldn’t reach on that part that causes error in the coin. Detached leg error an example of it. Speared bison error is a line that intersects the buffalo from one end to another it is the most popular error and the coins were sold in a maximum of $ 1200, a good amount for a 5-cent coin.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "ERMI Testing Lab Services\nWhat Is ERMI? The Environmental Relative Moldiness index (ERMI) was developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development (ORD) as a research tool to investigate mold contamination in homes. The methodology is based on using mold-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (MSQPCR) to quantify 36 molds and calculate an index number for comparison with a database of reference homes. Eurofins EMLab P&K was one of the first collaborators to help establish the reference database and continues to offer this service to clients for the identification of mold problems in some buildings.\nDisclaimer: The EPA has not endorsed or validated any tools or methods to determine mold burden in homes including MSQPCR and ERMI. The EPA licensed this test to laboratories including Eurofins EMLab P&K. However, the transfer of this technology under the Federal Technology Transfer Act cannot be used to make any claims suggesting that the ERMI is an EPA-approved or validated test. (Source: EPA, Office of Inspector General: Public May Be Making Indoor Mold Cleanup Decisions Based on EPA Tool Developed Only for Research Applications).\nNOTE: View the sample report for Eurofins EMLab P&K’s ERMI testing service.\nThe ERMI test involves the analysis of a single sample of dust from a home. The sample is analyzed using mold-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (MSQPCR), a highly specific DNA-based method for quantifying mold species. A simple algorithm is used to calculate a ratio of water damage-related species to common indoor molds and the resulting score is called the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index or ERMI. The ERMI value is typically between -10 and 20.\nNational Relative Moldiness Index Values\nIn order to most effectively use this new tool, the ERMI must be compared to a national database. Indices were determined using this method for 1,096 homes across the U.S. as part of the 2006 HUD American Healthy Home Survey. Individual indices, ranked from lowest to highest were used to create a national Relative Moldiness Index (RMI) Scale.\nIn initial studies by the EPA, the concentrations of different mold species in \"moldy homes\" (homes with visible mold growth or a history of water damage) and \"reference homes\" (homes with no visible mold) were compared. Based on those results, mold species were selected and grouped into those with higher concentrations in moldy homes (group 1) and those with lower concentrations (group 2). To calculate the ERMI, all concentrations are log-transformed and the sum of group 2 is subtracted from the sum of group 1.\nIn addition to the simplicity of taking only one sample, the ERMI offers several advantages over traditional mold screening methods. Carpet dust acts as a reservoir for mold spores and is more representative of mold levels over time versus short-term air samples. The use of MSQPCR for this test allows for increased precision as it is based on a biochemical assay using calibrated instrumentation. Further research is being conducted and published that will link the ERMI assessing health risks for susceptible individuals. This information along with the national database will be invaluable in providing an objective and standardized method for screening homes for mold.\nThe ERMI test can be used for evaluating \"moldiness\" in indoor environments. Molds are found in every home but not all molds are always present. The ERMI helps to make an assessment if a home is more or less likely to have \"unhealthy\" mold conditions. Especially residents sensitive to molds should consider using the ERMI to evaluate their indoor environment. Also home buyers can use this tool to predict if their new home is likely to have a history of water damage.\nThe ERMI allows you to compare the amount and types of mold found in your customer's home with a thousand other homes found on a national database. The customer sees how moldy their home is relative to other homes throughout the U.S.\n|DustChek™ Dust Sampling Cassettes|\n|The DustChek™ provides an efficient and effortless way to collect dust samples for multiple analyses. This small apparatus can be used with any standard vacuum cleaner with removable hose attachments. This equipment meets IESO standards for dust sampling.|", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The first day of guided math has a different look and feel than the rest of the year. We are introducing a new structure, setting expectations, initiating procedures, and oh yeah…teaching math! Today I am sharing how to teach day one of Guided Math in grades K-5.\nDo I Start on the First Day of School?\nThe first day of Guided Math is a process of what I call “micro” lessons. Although you do not have to start on the first day of school, I choose to do so because it really is more about setting up expectations and procedures. You can start on day 1 or day 101. The process is very much the same. I have this YouTube video sharing how I teach that first lesson for grades K-5. It will also share beyond day one to the first week and beyond! In the video, I will share lessons for K-2 and then 3-5. I will take you through the components of guided math in a very simplified manner that takes the fear right out of that very first day.\nGuided Math Resources K-5\nIf you would like to read further about Guided Math resources, I have many posts here to share all about what I use and how I use it. This post will get you started!\nThe first day sets the precedent for the remainder of days. However, once launched, it is okay to change up your structure. If something isn’t working during the launch phase, alter it! Guided Math is a structure of a math block but it must work for both the teacher AND students. As your students continue to practice and then fully implement Guided Math their math competency and fluency will improve and your knowledge of your students’ abilities will deepen.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "One of the first things you may want to know when learning a language is how to say “thank you.” If you’re brave enough to learn Russian and are ready for the challenge despite the number of grammatical cases, then welcome to the world of Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, the Trans-Siberian Railway, and some of the friendliest people you’ll meet at a latitude higher than Cornwall and Vancouver.\nPractice with an expert Russian tutor to make learning the language easy and fun.\nSomething Old, Something New\nThe most commonly used Russian word for “thank you” is “cпасибо” (spasibo). The word has three syllables, spa-si-bo, and the middle syllable is stressed.\nOriginally, this was the phrase “Spasi Bog,” meaning “Let God save you.” The word “spasibo” emerged somewhere around the seventeenth century, but it was not accepted by language users for a long time. In nineteenth-century Russian literature, characters never use it and prefer “благодарю” (blagodaru) instead.\nEven if you’re not Alyosha Karamazov or Anna Karenina, you can still use “благодарю” today. This is another result of combining two words. “Blago daru” means “I give you good.” “Благодарю” has four syllables, bla-go-da-ru, and the stress falls on the last one. As you can see, Russian is not a fixed stress language, and the position of stress in a word is highly unpredictable. For further examples, we will use capital letters to highlight the vowels in stressed syllables.\nA Big Thank-You\nSpeaking of unpredictable things, our word order is not fixed, either, unlike most Germanic languages. For example, if you want to say “Thank you very much!” you can choose between “Большое спасибо!” (Bolshoe spasibo!) and “Спасибо большое!” (Spasibo bolshoe!). The meaning is the same, but some Russians find the second option more emotional. “Большое” means “big” and has three syllables, with the stress falling on “sho.”\nSomething to Remember\nIf you want to take notes and practice these new words, here are three ways to say “thank you”:\nБольшое спасибо! (Bol-sho-e spa-SI-bo!)\nThe Most Common Reply\nPlease keep in mind that the “o” sound undergoes some reduction in fluent speech, especially when not stressed. It sounds more like “a” but is still written as “o.”\nA universal answer to “Spasibo” is “Пожалуйста!” (Pozhaluysta!). This word has four syllables when written, but as the stress falls on the second one, the remaining two lose their full vowels in speech: Po-zhA-lsta!\nOne more option is to answer “Не за что” (Ne za chto!), which means “Not at all!” These words are almost glued to one another in speech: The first is stressed, and the last is changed from the voiced “ch” consonant to the voiceless consonant “sh.” The result sounds like “nEzashto!”\nWant to learn more about Russian colloquial phrases? Learn Russian online with the best native tutors.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The beginnings of the Easter celebration at Palm Springs' Inspiration Point\nFluttering of doves released from the stone balustrade on the wide, flat platform above the O’Donnell Golf Club course graced the Easter Sunrise service in April of 1963. Governor Edmund “Pat” G. Brown and his family (including his son Jerry who would also one day become governor of California) were visiting the Coachella Valley and announced they would attend. Former President Dwight Eisenhower and his wife were rumored to be driving in from their winter home at Eldorado Country Club for the festivities.\nThe stone outcropping was commonly referred to as Inspiration Point. It’s gracious terrace looked out over the city and off to the chocolate mountains to the east. Built by local people, stone by stone as a make-work project, Inspiration Point was a dramatic sight, both blending in to the mountain above and adding to it. It took the decade of the Great Depression to complete.\nAnyone who needed a job during the difficult 1930s was given one by Tom O’Donnell to help with the construction. Paying $2.50 a day, the job was enough to sustain many families. In a time when work was valued and people were deeply ashamed to be given an handout, or be on the dole, the project was a way to help without causing embarrassment for those in need.\nThe Easter service at the foot of the mountain started way back in 1917 with worshippers proceeding in darkness together to a choice spot to watch the drama of the rising sun, symbolizing resurrection. By 1963, there was a fanfare of trumpets as the light began to appear, and then the release of white doves over the golf course from on high.\nWorshipers were invited to the Amado Road entrance of the course, and guided by Boy Scouts to the best vantage points. The Boy Scouts were familiar with the terrain, having trained and camped at Inspiration Point, virtually commanding the city below. Scrambling all over the mountainside hiking, the scouts helped erect a 20-foot tall white cross above the terrace of Inspiration Point in 1947.\nPrior to 1947, the Easter service had been conducted on the grounds of the Desert Inn. Visitors and citizens alike would gather below the O’Donnell House looking up at the switchback trail leading up the hill. There had been a smaller, temporary cross before, near the house.\nOn two occasions during heavy windstorms, the cross was blown down and as reported by the Desert Sun, “at last through the generous gift of an interested friend of our community,” the twenty-foot redwood cross was provided, set in concrete, and illuminated with neon lighting, on a knoll above Inspiration Point.\nThe “interested friend” was doubtless Tom O’Donnell himself. Tom’s deep and abiding friendship with Nellie Coffman was an asset to the little town. Nellie’s fortitude and industriousness were impressive to all, including the multimillionaire. Her gracious hospitality made her Desert Inn, and therefore the city of Palm Springs, famous.\nThe center of the village, geographically, was the Desert Inn and the O’Donnell Golf Club course was adjacent. The center of village life was the same. Overlooking the entire village was Inspiration Point and from all points below, a gaze to the westward mountain would be punctuated by the sight of its protruding rock wall with the gracefully-pierced openings.\nIn the last few decades, the view has been obscured and Inspiration Point has also been referred to as the Promontory. Huell Howser featured it in an episode of California’s Gold, his PBS television series on the history of California.\nThe towering view of Tom O’Donnell’s stone promontory presides over every hole of his golf course. Lucky visitors to the patio of the clubhouse can look up and imagine the workers who built it and the villagers who drew inspiration from it.\nThe history of Palm Springs will be celebrated in this fashion by the Historical Society at the \"Picnic under the Palms,\" on December 2nd at noon at the O’Donnell Golf Club course. Catered by Jake’s, the menu features sliders and salads. Tickets are available at pshistoricalsociety.org.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "François de Hennin, independent risk advisor and consultant, and former global chief risk officer of GroupM tackles one of the biggest risks facing business today: managing and mitigating the risk of fake news.\nThough recently rebranded as fake news, the phenomenon of misinformation is as old as mankind; indeed fortunes have been made using it.\nFor example, in the early 19th century Rothschild set up a Europe-wide network of messengers and carrier pigeon stations to gather information that could affect his investments.\nHe soon garnered a reputation for being first with the news. The story goes that, when the Battle of Waterloo was being fought in June 1815, other speculators watched Rothschild’s stocks in an attempt to guess who would win.\nShortly after the battle ended, and long before anyone else knew who the victor was, he began selling stocks. Everyone assumed this meant Napoleon had won and Europe was lost. Panic selling ensued. When prices crashed, Rothschild bought everything in sight and made a fortune.\nMost countries have existing laws to deal with false stories and companies have used a number of instruments and techniques, like PR crisis management, to deal with them. But the internet has changed the game forever.\nInternet: The game changer\nWith the internet, beyond the easy access to technologies to make fake news look real, everything is bigger and faster: the speed at which information is being shared, the amount of information generated and the very large number of sources.\nAll of this makes it difficult to monitor all news, to assess which stories are false and might create the most long-term damage and to appropriately react to those. Fake news effectively spreads like a virus, and like a virus, it is extremely difficult to eradicate totally. Nevertheless, like viruses it must be addressed and pre-empted as much as possible.\nFake news current political implications complicate the picture further. In the United States, Facebook estimates that as many as 126 million Americans (approximately half the US voting population) were exposed to fake news created by Russia during and after the 2016 US presidential election. Because of this undue influence which fake news might have on elections and on the democratic process, authorities around the world feel they must act.\nFor example, a Singaporean minister has just announced that new laws to regulate Singapore’s online space and tackle the spread of fake news should be introduced next year. Critics, including Google, Twitter and Facebook, argue that existing laws are sufficient to deal with fake news and that new laws could be used to curb free speech.\nIn any case, laws do not stop crimes, and while companies must ensure they adhere to laws, they must also go further, taking appropriate preventive measures to deal with the fake news risk.\nThree is a crowd\nA business can be confronted with fake news in three basic situations with different risks and solutions:\n1. Generating fake news,\n2. Channelling or spreading fake news,\n3. Being the subject/victim of fake news.\nWhatever the situation, businesses should ensure first that they have appropriate online brand monitoring (particularly for B2C businesses). Secondly, social media tracking (not limited to Facebook and Twitter - this is particularly important as search engines integrate more and more user-generated content, mainly on social networks) and community management is in place.\nFinally that they are able to identify opinion leaders and influencers and to anticipate bad buzz. In other words, firms must actively manage their online reputation, either in-house or through external specialists.\nAs the agreed effective way of combating misinformation is through education and training, staff must receive proper training together with regular boosters, which should cover:\n1. How to identify fake news, i.e. how to distinguish reliable from unreliable information, and information from opinion;\n2. Escalation mechanisms when fake news is suspected;\n3. Internal processes to ensure information is checked before being used in any form of communication both internal and external;\n4. Staff obligations in regards to their presence on social media, like clearly stating when opinions are theirs and not the company’s, that company rules and values also apply outside of the office, including in relation to hate speech, defamation, the spreading of false news, confidentiality, the use of professional email addresses, etc.; also reminding them that persons who transmit a message which they know to be false might be committing an offence.\nPut simply, the overall aim is to ensure that the entire business takes the fake news threat seriously and knows how to deal with it.\nLet me now address each of the three situations in turn:\n1. Fake news generation\nDue to the speed at which information spreads, the inadvertent release of incorrect or out-of-context information may have serious consequences. Every business should, therefore, have appropriate processes in place to prevent any such mishap and to ensure the appropriate speedy reaction when an incident occurs.\nInitial processes can be as simple as the ’four eyes principle’ (i.e. need for an approver before any news release), or single channel output (i.e. all information is released only by one source).\n2. Fake news conduit\nAs all businesses use different sources in their internal and external communications, they could unwillingly channel fake news; this could affect their reputation, hence the need for training and procedures ensuring that any information is properly checked before being used.\nNote also that there is a significant current debate between authorities around the world and internet giants like Facebook and Google as to whether social networks should be held responsible for inappropriate content including fake news.\n3. Fake news object/victim\nAppropriate social media tracking, as described earlier, is key as it allows the firm to anticipate fake news as much as possible, to react quickly and to use influencers to combat such news.\nFinally, all actors in the fight against fake news must remember that a firm’s reputation, i.e. its track record of quality, trust, openness, reliability, and truthfulness, is, in the end, the best line of defence against fake news, as hopefully, people’s first reaction will be to disregard any news which contradicts their perception of a brand.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A very important aspect of astronomy often overlooked is how much our eyes don’t tell us. We see a very limited range of the spectrum of light emitted by astronomical objects, and many times it’s what we don’t see that tells us what’s going on.\nThat’s why the European Southern Observatory has the HAWK-I camera: it sees in the infrared, in wavelengths invisible to our eyes. And when we train it on the skies, well, we see some pretty cool stuff. Like, say, gorgeous spiral galaxies:\n[Click to galactinate.]\nThat’s NGC 1232, an open face-on spiral some 65 million light years away. This to me is a perfect spiral: the arms are distinct and easy to trace, starting near the center and going all the way around the galaxy. Several spurs — short, disconnected, straighter offshoots — can be seen. There’s also a bar: the center of the galaxy isn’t a sphere, it’s elongated in an oval.\nAll of these features are due to the weird gravitational field of a galaxy. In our solar system, the Sun dominates in the gravity department, and the planets orbit it. In a big galaxy, though, the gravity of every star adds up, making the force of gravity stronger farther from the center than if all the mass were concentrated there. This causes all sorts of odd manifestations like the bar, the spirals, and the spurs. I have a blog post discussing this in more detail, if you’d like to read that.\nIncidentally, given the distance of NGC 1232 of 65 million light years, the photons you are seeing from this galaxy in this image left it when dinosaurs still roamed the Earth… but their time was juuuuussssst about up.\nHAWK-I was used to study several galaxies, and not just NGC 1232– five more, in fact, for this particular study, but I want to point out one in particular: NGC 1300, a magnificent elongated spiral, shown here on the right. The bar in this one dominates, stretching over a much larger relative distance than the one in NGC 1232, which is dinky in comparison.\nAs I mentioned above, we can learn a lot when we compare light from objects in different wavelengths. Here is that same HAWK-I infrared image of NGC 1300, with a Hubble image in visible light below it. I rotated and scaled the top image to match Hubble’s:\nIgnoring the difference in things like resolution (Hubble can see smaller objects) and such, there are still obvious differences. In the visible image, dust between stars is dark, because it blocks visible light. However, IR goes through it, so the dust disappears in the top image. The dust adds a lot of sculpting and contouring to the visible Hubble image, and that’s gone in the IR image, so the top one looks smoother. That’s no illusion! That’s real, and it’s telling us where the dust is.\nAs you’d expect, objects that look red in the Hubble image are also bright in the IR, but the blue stuff is much fainter and difficult to spot in the HAWK-I view. Blue is emitted by hot, young, massive stars, which is easy to spot in the visible. The yellow-red glow in the bottom image is from older, redder stars, and they are prominent in the top image. See how the very center of the galaxy is bright in the HAWK-I shot? That tells me that there are far more older stars there, right in the very center. Star formation must have shut down long ago right smack dab in the heart of NGC 1300, or else we’d still see blue stars there.\n… or, alternatively, there are blue stars there, but the dust is so thick their light gets reddened, like the setting Sun looks red from haze in our air. There are ways of telling the difference, but I don’t think it can be done with images like this; we’d need spectra, which is a whole other story. Still, it once again shows that you need to look at objects in different ways if you want to figure out what’s happening with them.\nLooking in the infrared tells us a lot more about what’s going on than visible alone. Combine that with ultraviolet, radio, X-ray, gamma-rays, and we get a much more complete picture of what the Universe is showing us. It’s more than a double rainbow; it’s the whole rainbow, and the best part is we really do know what it means.\nLinks to this Post\n- Astronews Daily Etx. Edition (2455498) | October 28, 2010", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Chandra’s 14th Anniversary: Looking Back and Looking Ahead\nFourteen years ago this week, NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory was launched into space on the space shuttle Columbia. I didn't witness this spectacular event, but I know many who did. Those who had worked on Chandra's development for many years must have experienced a powerful mixture of nerves, excitement and satisfaction.\nThe launch and deployment of Chandra were successful and beautiful images were soon delivered to scientists and released to the public. The photo album on our webpage can be used to survey the hundreds of images and astrophysics results that have followed, ranging from observations of Earth and planets in our solar system, to supernova explosions in our galaxy, powerful outbursts by black holes in distant galaxies and the evolution and destiny of our Universe.\nJust in 2013 we have released a video suggesting that the Vela pulsar is wobbling like a top as it spins; an image of debris from an explosion that may have created the youngest black hole in our galaxy; colorful new images of other stellar debris in our galaxy, including Kepler's supernova remnant (SNR), and the SNRs of SN 1006 and G1.9+0.3; and a study that discovered over two dozen new black hole candidates in a neighboring galaxy, Andromeda. All of these objects formed after the destruction of massive stars or white dwarfs in supernova explosions.\nChandra image of Kepler's supernova remnant. Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/NCSU/M.Burkey et al; Optical: DSS\nFor stars that are more like our Sun, we released this gorgeous composite image with the first evidence for X-ray emission from Sun-like stars outside our galaxy and we also produced this eye-catching portrait of a star near the end of its life.\nWhat does the future hold for Chandra science? In the middle of June scientists from around the world met to judge proposals and determine the targets for the next cycle (#15) of Chandra observations. The abstracts for the successful proposals will be released soon. Looking further ahead, future targets for Chandra will depend on the results from past observations and those to be made in Cycle 15, along with results from other observatories. It will also depend on the unpredictable trends in research over a range of different fields in astrophysics.\nAmong this uncertainty, I'll discuss one event that could be very interesting for Chandra observers towards the end of this decade. A star named S2 is orbiting Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*, for short), the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy. As with other supermassive black holes, the powerful gravitational pull of Sgr A* has pulled gas inwards and formed an accretion disk. Some of the gas in this disk is destined to fall into the black hole and disappear forever.\nAs noted in a recent paper by Dimitrios Giannios from Purdue University and Lorenzo Sironi from Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, S2 approaches so close to Sgr A* that it may act as a probe of the black hole's accretion disk. Astronomers have mapped the highly elliptical orbit of S2 (see the figure) and expect it to pass through the accretion disk every 16 years. At closest approach S2's distance from Sgr A* will be about 2800 times the radius of the event horizon of the black hole, the point of no return for matter and light. That may not sound very close, but it's much closer than I'd ever want to get to a black hole.\nLeft: An image of Sgr A* and S2 from the 8.2m VLT YEPUN telescope at the ESO Paranal Observatory. Right: The orbit of S2 around Sgr A*, highlighting the last close encounter, in 2002. Credit: ESO\nThe next close encounter of S2 with Sgr A* will occur in 2018 when the star is traveling about 20 million miles per hour. What might happen in this encounter? Giannios & Sironi have noted that S2 is a massive star and generates a powerful wind of particles. When S2 passes through the accretion disk, this wind should ram into material in the disk producing a shock wave and X-ray emission, not dissimilar to a sonic boom from a jet breaking the sound barrier. Chandra and X-ray observatories like NuSTAR might be able to detect a boost in X-ray emission during this time, giving us crucial information about the properties of Sgr A's accretion disk. The authors are also looking at Chandra data in the archive for the close encounter that occurred in 2002, to see if extra X-ray emission can be detected.\nThis is just one example of the exciting Chandra science that is possible in the future. Though it's fun to look ahead, it's important to pause and thank everyone who helped Chandra become a reality and those who continue to work on Chandra today.\n-Peter Edmonds, CXC\nPlease note this is a moderated blog. No pornography, spam, profanity or discriminatory remarks are allowed. No personal attacks are allowed. Users should stay on topic to keep it relevant for the readers.\nRead the privacy statement", "label": "No"}
{"text": "As the end of the year approaches are your early finishers getting into mischief? Here are a couple of simple ideas to focus students on early finisher activities that will keep your classroom running smoothly at the end of the year.\nEarly Finishers: Being Thankful\nTeaching gratitude helps students learn an important life skill. In the last month of school, create a list with your students of everyone that has helped your class this year including the people who keep your school running. Every time I do this activity, I’m amazed at who the students think of. Some people may include the principal, vice principal, school secretaries, custodians, librarians, specialists, parent volunteers, tutors, instructional assistants, and bus drivers.\nOnce you have this list, post it somewhere in the classroom leaving room for additional names.\nEarly finishers can work on thanking the people on the list. There are many options of this. Just pick the one that fits your kiddos best. A student could write a thank you letter from the class and then check that person off the list.\nEach student could write a letter or draw a picture for that person that you make into a book. You can even turn it into an art project.\nEarly Finishers: Being Helpful\nThe end of the year is a busy time for teachers. (Like I have to tell you that!) With a little forethought and a class meeting to spell out expectations, your early finishers can help alleviate some of that\nTake a moment to create a list of end of the year projects that your students can help with. Some examples:\n- Go through markers, test them, throw out ones that no longer work.\n- Go through glue bin. Discard any dried up glue.\n- Go through colored pencils. Sharpen pencils. (Handheld sharpener recommended)\n- Wrap washi tape around class scissors, pencils, markers, etc.\n- Sharpen pencils.\n- Test white board markers, discard dried up markers.\n- Clean individual white boards with white board cleaner.\n- Go through each bin / shelf in the library. Put books in their proper place.\n- Go through bins of math manipulatives. Organize.\n- Use dish soap and a sponge to sanitize math manipulatives. (Clear guidelines recommended!)\n- Organize a drawer or cabinet.\n- Hole punch drawings and letters to the teacher and put them in a binder.\n- Take things off the wall and put into a container.\n- Wipe down surfaces that are forgotten.\n- Clean chairs.\nOnce you have a list, call it “Special Assignments” and keep it on a clipboard. An early finisher can request a special assignment from you. This way, you can assign a job that matches their ability / focus level.\nRemember, you want to be careful not to start special assignments too soon. You may want to call them Spring Cleaning rather than End of Year special assignments. Students start to get anxiety around the end of the year and connecting these tasks to the fact that they are leaving could trigger unwanted behavior. We are, after all, trying to make your job easier, not harder.\nAre you looking for more Tips and Tricks? This blog hop is full of great ideas, freebies, and the opportunity to win great gift cards!\nBe sure to download my freebie before you hop away! If this was your first visit to Surfing to Success, welcome! I’m a Kindergarten through 6th grade Intervention teacher who loves to break skills down into challenging yet obtainable goals. I hope you’ll follow me so you’ll remember to visit again.\nEverything you’ll need to use these strategies is in this freebie. There is a letter writing page for Kinder, primary, and upper grades for the thank you letters. I’ve even included a special assignment check list. One check list has ideas to get you started and another is blank. If you like it, please take a moment to leave feedback.\nWhile your there, be sure to check out my other K-6 freebies!\nNow hop on over to Lopez Land Learners for the next word and great tips!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "John Dewey’s short and prescient speech “Creative Democracy—The Task before Us” (1939) contains much philosophical insight for our trying times.\nIn an illustration of how plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose, his biographer Alan Ryan writes:\nDewey’s American was one in which the problems of the inner city were appalling. In the early 1890s homelessness in Chicago sometimes reached 20 percent; unemployment frequently hit one in four of the working population. Disease was rife, and medical services were out of the reach of the poor. … The upper classes were apparently indifferent to the fate of the poor and even to the fate of the working near poor. In the cities the response of the better-off was to remove themselves to the suburbs… (John Dewey and the High Tide of American Liberalism, p.24)\nDewey’s short essay “Creative Democracy” speaks in many ways to the political climate in the United States (and elsewhere). Dewey states:\nIntolerance, abuse, calling of names because of differences of opinion about religion or politics or business, as well as because of differences of race, color, wealth or degree of culture are treason to the democratic way of life. For everything which bars freedom and fullness of communication sets up barriers that divide human beings into sets and cliques, into antagonistic sects and factions, and thereby undermines the democratic way of life (227-228).\nDemocracy, for Dewey, is not fundamentally a matter of voting in free elections, but rather a “way of life” (226).1 Democracy is living together with other people and jointly participating in shaping the nature of the community and world, something he described in Democracy and Education as “primarily a mode of associated living, of conjoint communicated experience.” (Chapter 7) Dewey goes on to insist that legal guarantees of civil liberties are insufficient if “freedom of communication, the give and take of ideas, facts, experiences, is choked by mutual suspicion, by abuse, by fear and hatred.” (228)\nI find Dewey a congenial, but frustrating influence: congenial because I share Dewey’s optimistic ideal of a highly egalitarian, democratic society in which people pool their intelligence to solve social problems; frustrating because Dewey is usually infuriatingly vague about how this might be achieved. In theory, Dewey constantly eradicates the boundaries between philosophy and the social sciences; in practice, he is mostly silent about how the social sciences can support his democratic vision, as well as how they reveal obstacles to realizing it.\nCrucial to Dewey’s conception of democracy is “a working faith in the possibilities of human nature” (227). Though Dewey uses the term “faith”, it would be a mistake to see this as something he accepts without evidence. Rather, faith stands for a moral vision about humanity, autonomy, and democracy. It is not simply something that exists, but something that needs to be brought about – and it can only be brought about if the hold the faith that it can come to be:\nThe democratic faith in human equality is belief that every human being, independent of the quantity or range of his personal endowment, has the right to equal opportunity with every other person for development of whatever gifts he has. The democratic belief in the principle of leadership is a generous one. It is universal. It is belief in the capacity of every person to lead his own life free from coercion and imposition by others provided right conditions are supplied (226-227).\nHow does Dewey establish this faith? Dewey claims that he finds its source in his surroundings where these surroundings are “animated by the democratic spirit”:\nFor what is the faith of democracy in the role of consultation, of conference, of persuasion, of discussion, in formation of public opinion, which in the long run is self-\ncorrective, except faith in the capacity of the intelligence of the common man to respond with commonsense to the free play of facts and ideas which are secured by effective guarantees of free inquiry, free assembly and free communication? (227)\nRather than focusing on the failures of democracy, voter ignorance, irrationality, corruption, nepotism, blind partisanship, and campaigns financed by the .1%, Dewey insists that everyday life reveals that people allowed to inquire and communicate freely eventually succeed. It is a Millian faith about the free inquiry and progress, combined with a faith in the adaptive power of human ingenuity. Again, Dewey neglects the many cases in which this does not occur and says too little about how to create institutions where “the common man” is able to exercise “his” intelligence.\nNonetheless, Dewey realizes that individuals and spaces “animated by the democratic spirit” need to be constructed. This is why Dewey’s philosophy of education is central to his though. In his autobiographic essay, “From Absolutism to Experimentalism,” Dewey wrote:\nAlthough a book called Democracy and Education was for many years that in which my philosophy, such as it is, was most fully expounded, I do not know that philosophic critics, as distinct from teachers, have ever had recourse to it. I have wondered whether such facts signified that philosophers in general, although they are themselves usually teachers, have not taken education with sufficient seriousness for it to occur to them that any rational person could actually think it possible that philosophizing should focus about education as the supreme human interest in which, moreover, other problems, cosmological, moral, logical, come to a head.\nDemocracy requires a certain type of citizen:\nThe superficial explanation is that a government resting upon popular suffrage cannot be successful unless those who elect and who obey their governors are educated. Since a democratic society repudiates the principle of external authority, it must find a substitute in voluntary disposition and interest; these can be created only be education. (Democracy and Education, Chapter 7)\nHere is Dewey’s most fundamental and most neglected insight: political philosophy cannot be separated from philosophy of education. Democracy depends on high quality, universal education that allows people to learn to jointly develop and exercise their intelligence in overcoming problems and creating their environment. The failure to do this is the source of much of today’s democratic deficit; it’s only remedy is to remake education as part of a democratic vision.\n1 Page numbers refer to The Later Works of John Dewey, 1925-1953. Volume 14: 1939-1941, Essays", "label": "No"}
{"text": "CAS Registry Number\nA CAS Registry Number, also referred to as CASRN or CAS Number, is a unique numerical identifier assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) to every chemical substance described in the open scientific literature (currently including all substances described from 1957 through the present, plus some substances from the early or mid 1900s), including organic and inorganic compounds, minerals, isotopes, alloys and nonstructurable materials (UVCBs, of unknown, variable composition, or biological origin).\nThe Registry maintained by CAS is an authoritative collection of disclosed chemical substance information. It currently identifies more than 129 million organic and inorganic substances and 67 million protein and DNA sequences, plus additional information about each substance. It is updated with around 15,000 additional new substances daily.\nHistorically, chemicals have been identified by a wide variety of synonyms. Frequently these are arcane and constructed according to regional naming conventions relating to chemical formulae, structures or origins. Well-known chemicals may additionally be known via multiple generic, historical, commercial, and/or (black)-market names.\nCAS Registry Numbers are simple and regular, convenient for database searches. They offer a reliable, common and international link to every specific substance across the various nomenclatures and disciplines used by branches of science, industry, and regulatory bodies. Almost all molecule databases today allow searching by CAS Registry Number.\nOn the other hand, CASRNs are not related to chemistry, are proprietary and unrelated to any previous systems, and do not readily form phonetic analogs or synonyms.\nA CAS Registry Number has no inherent meaning but is assigned in sequential, increasing order when the substance is identified by CAS scientists for inclusion in the CAS REGISTRY database.\nA CASRN is separated by hyphens into three parts, the first consisting from two up to seven digits, the second consisting of two digits, and the third consisting of a single digit serving as a check digit. This current format gives CAS a maximum capacity of 1,000,000,000 unique identifiers.\nThe check digit is found by taking the last digit times 1, the previous digit times 2, the previous digit times 3 etc., adding all these up and computing the sum modulo 10. For example, the CAS number of water is 7732-18-5: the checksum 5 is calculated as (8×1 + 1×2 + 2×3 + 3×4 + 7×5 + 7×6) = 105; 105 mod 10 = 5.\nType of substances\nCAS REGISTRY contains a wide variety of substances, including the world's largest collection of:\nIf this page is in your subscriptions, then it will be removed. You will not see this page. If you want to unblock a user, go to the settings, the list of blocked users and click unblock\nSelect chat category", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Sensors- all aboard!\nA variety of sensors are what enable self-driving vehicles to “see”, or at least, to visualize and understand their surroundings as they move. Different manufacturers and vehicle types have different approaches and priorities as to which sensors are used.\n- GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)\nIn GNSS positioning, a receiver measures the transmitting time of signals emitted from four or more GNSS satellites, and these measurements are used to obtain position (i.e., spatial coordinates) and reception time. Using GNSS positioning, the vehicle can determine its position in map representation of the outside world.\nLidar (also called LIDAR, LiDAR, and LADAR) is a surveying method that measures distance to a target by illuminating the target with pulsed laser light and measuring the reflected pulses with a sensor. Differences in laser return times and wavelengths can then be used to make digital 3D representations of the target.\nCameras also analyze the environment of the vehicle, especially road signs and traffic lights. They also help to detect and identify obstacles.\nAn odometer estimates and confirms the vehicle’s position and speed while moving.\nThe inertial measurement unit (IMU) calculates the shuttle’s movements to estimate its direction, speed and position.\nSAE Levels of Automation\nThe standardization organization SAE classifies automotive automation in five different levels, namely:\n- Level 5 Full automation (no driver)\n- Level 4 High Automation (no brain)\n- Level 3 Conditional Automation (no eyes)\n- Level 2 Partial automation (no hands)\n- Level 1 Driver assistance (no feet)\nIn general, it can be said that Level 1-3 deals with automation of parts of (or all) driving tasks using different driver support systems (ADAS), and that in Levels 4-5, there are autonomous systems that bear greater responsibility for driving duties. Thus, there is a significant difference between Level 3 and Level 4, both in terms of technical requirements, but also regarding the role of the user of these vehicles.\nThe difference between Level 4 and Level 5 is that a Level 5 system can handle all types of roads, weather, situations and other conditions.\nThe selfdriving shuttles tested under the S3 project are examples of early vehicles with systems and sensors capable of Level 4 autonomy. However, this occurs on specifically mapped routes at lower speeds.\nRoadmap Drive Sweden\n3D Mapping and Virtual Rails Before the shuttle can run, the desired route and its surroundings need to be created in a 3D map. This map creates a kind of virtual rail that can be used as a reference and guide while driving; Similar to how a tram can only follow its track, the self-driving shuttle can only follow the route it’s been given. This is done by slowly moving the shuttle along the planned route while scanning the surroundings with all its sensors. Afterwards, sensor data is processed manually to ensure a high quality map and a site-specific model that can be used by the shuttle.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In case no one has told you yet, the biggest influence on Global Warming or Cooling is the activity of the Sun not Carbon.\nAcademics Play the Global Warming Card\nPhilip Kitcher of Columbia and Evelyn Fox Keller of MIT are professors specializing in the philosophy and history of science. The philosophy and history of science is pretty boring, so people in that academic field try to write about controversial subjects so as to make their work less boring. The professors have written a book: The Seasons Alter, How to Save Our Planet in Six Acts.\nThe book is filled with scientific errors regarding climate science. Clearly the authors have a poor understanding of the main topic. They are apparently attracted to apocalyptic predictions of disaster that call for farsighted persons, such as themselves, to warn the world. Apparently that role is so enticing that the authors’ critical facilities have been put into hibernation.\nGlobal warming has an establishment side and a dissenter side. The establishment receives vast amounts of government money because they claim that we face an imminent global warming disaster. Nobody would care about their field of science except for the predictions of disaster. Nor would they get much government money if they didn’t predict a looming disaster. Environmental groups are part of the establishment side. Looming disasters are stock in trade for environmental groups.\nThe global warming dissenters consist of people who say that the emperor has no clothes. The dissenters include climate scientists who are secure enough in their jobs that they can dissent, even though it makes their colleagues furious. Other dissenters are scientists from related fields, or even non-scientists who have taken an interest in the controversy. The existence of the Internet has made it possible for amateur scientists, in the sense of not receiving a paycheck from a university, to enter into the discussion. The Internet provides a path around the establishment gatekeepers that run the scientific journals. The amateur scientists have the advantage of being disinterested. They aren’t worried about where their next grant is coming from or about what their academic friends and enemies will think. Of course, some of the amateurs are crackpots, but others are excellent scientists. (Some tenured professors are crackpots too.)\nThe authors used the graph below, a version of what is known as the famous Hockey Stick graph. The graph purports to show that the Earth’s temperature was roughly constant until large quantities of CO2 were emitted into the atmosphere and as a consequence the temperature soared. The graph has been completely discredited as a work of science. (See here, here and here.) But as a work of propaganda it is a brilliant achievement. What’s wrong with the graph? It erases the medieval warm period that existed at the year 1000. The graph does not show the little ice age when it got very cold around the year 1600. These temperature fluctuations are well established and supported by historical records.\nThe point of the graph is to convince the reader that carbon dioxide is the major determinant of the Earth’s temperature and that the modern era has a radically different temperature due to man’s emission of CO2.\nThe graph hides inconsistencies. If we magnify the 20th century we can see the inconsistencies better.\nLook at region A between 1910 and 1940. CO2 is slowly increasing, about 1% per decade, but the temperature is rapidly increasing, much faster than can be explained, according to establishment theory, by an increase in CO2. This rapid increase of temperature in the early 20th century was caused by some unknown force, but not by CO2. In region B the increase in CO2 is faster, but the temperature is flat. Finally in regions C both temperature and CO2 increase rapidly. The cause of the early century warming is an unsolved scientific problem. But the advocates of dangerous global warming claim the force behind the increase in temperature in region C is CO2. How do they know that the cause of the increase in temperature is not the same unknown force that caused the early century warming at region A?\nThe point of this discussion of temperature and CO2 is to create some doubt in the reader’s mind concerning of the objectivity of people who promote graphs like the Hockey Stick.\nThe Seasons Alter book invokes the idea that the global warming establishment is eager to hear dissenting voices and new ideas that contradict official theories.\nThat is absolutely hilarious to anyone who has actually talked with climate scientists that have ideas that go against the received wisdom. The idea that a young researcher could make a name for himself by proving his elders wrong is far removed from reality. The empirical fact is that there are no young researchers going against the community wisdom. Or, if there were, it is safe to assume that they are no longer members of the community.\nI have heard publishers and editors state that they would love to print papers that dissent from the conventional wisdom. Sometimes they say they would like to publish the next Newton or the next Einstein. They don’t really mean it.\nRoy Spencer is a climate scientist who has done highly original work relating to the workings of climate models. Computer climate models are the basis for all the predictions of climate doom. Spencer’s work shows that there are serious problems with climate models and thus with the whole global warming doom theme. Spencer has a lot of trouble getting his papers published. However, he did get one of his papers published in a European journal, Remote Sensing. The paper went through regular peer review and was published in due course. At that point there was an explosion of criticism. The editor, who apparently did not know that Spencer is on a blacklist of radioactive scientists, was forced to resign.\nThe looming global warming disaster is attractive to left wing academics. It confirms their belief that capitalism needs to be reined in. That there is a hidden disaster, only visible to intellectuals, promotes the idea that smart people, like academics, should be running things. You can read about academics who have jumped on the global warming bandwagon here, here, here, here, here, here, and here.\nUnfortunately scientists cannot be trusted to be objective and disinterested. Scientific societies act very much like labor unions. You will search long and hard in the publications of the National Academies of Sciences to find any suggestion that financial support for science, or any part of science, should be reduced. The government money that supports big science has made scientists into politicians, just like all the others eating at the government table.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Indian National Army was made up off captured Indian POWs. These prisoners were given the option of freedom and joining the INA. Bose himself addressed many POW camps and appealed to the POWs to side with the Japanese and join the INA. Unfortunately, not many POWs joined the INA. A reading of the autobiography of Lt General Harbaksh Singh is quite revealing. He was taken a POW by the Imperial army as a Captain in Burma. He was promised a promotion and freedom, in case he joined the INA. Harbaksh refused to join the INA, though one of his colleagues Captain Mohan Singh joined the INA and was made a General. Harbaksh goes on to add that not many POWs joined the INA.\nWhat was the strength of the INA? This point is glossed over by most persons who trumpet about the activities of the INA. The fact is that the INA was never more than 40,000. This is just about 2 divisions and in contrast to the British Indian Army, where Indians numbered 2.5 million can be considered minuscule.\nObviously you cannot win a war with just 40,000 soldiers. Hence the bulk of the fighting in Burma was done by the Imperial army which captured Rangoon and pushed the British Indian army to the gates of India.\nIn 1944, the Japanese army surrounded Kohima and also converged on Imphal. The British were aware that in case these two cities fell to the Imperial army, the gates of India would be opened. They were vary of the effect of Subhas Bose, who carried on a relentless propaganda asking the Indian soldiers with the British Indian army to desert their posts and join the Japanese. In fact, the Japanese also relied on Bose to convince the Indian soldiers of the 8th Army to switch sides.\nHere is the dichotomy and the failure of Bose. Field Marshal Viscount Lord William Slim the commander of the 8th army had specially selected Sikhs, Jats, Rajput, Gurkhas and Punjabi Muslims for the battle against the Japanese. He was confident that there would be no defections and he was proved right. Not a single Indian soldier switched sides and all fought for the crown and king. I am sure this must have exasperated Bose, whose dream came crumbling down.\nThe Indian soldiers of the British Indian army entrenched themselves and faced the Japanese. There was bitter hand to hand fighting, but the Indian front line held firm. They were surrounded by the Imperial army and had to be supplied by air by the RAF and the RIAF. This battle is no less important than the Battle of Stalingrad, yet Western historians give greater glory to Stalingrad. One reason could be that they did not want to publicize the glory of the Indian army which held the Imperial army at bay for many months.\nDespite all the propaganda broadcasts and leaflets thrown on the Indian troops by Bose and Japanese, to join the INA failed. The Indian soldiers remained loyal to their English officers. This was the most brutal part of the war and the Japanese used to easy victories in China and Indo-China were thwarted. The Japanese Commander in Chief was surprised and soon the Japanese soldiers began to lose heart. The 8th army was further beefed up. By end 1944 they broke the Japanese siege. The Japanese were pushed back and the Sikh and Jat troops broke the back of the Japanese army.\nFrom all accounts this was a great setback to Bose. It was clear that his appeals did not cut ice with Indian soldiers. Historians must analyze as to why the India soldiers did not defect and remained loyal to the English. This is a fact of history for which I have no answer.\nThe Japanese failed at the gates of India. Perhaps their easy victories earlier were a flash in the pan. They could not could not break the resolve of the British Indian troops. The Japanese were pushed back and began a headlong retreat. The British Indian army captured Mandalay and Rangoon. At its peak the British Indian army had 2.5 million Indian men under arms. The officer cadre was almost 95% pure English. In contrast Bose could just about gather 40,000 men. This is another fact that needs to be evaluated. Why could not Bose attract more Indians to his cause.?\nHistory is unforgiving, but facts cannot be kept under wraps and have an uncanny knack of appearing at the wrong time. The facts of the INA are out. In my view it was a brave outfit, but too small a force to effect a result. Even if the Japanese had won at Kohima and Imphal, Bose would have remained a small time player. This is not a reflection on the caliber of Bose , but on the character of the Indians. .\nSubhas Bose was a very brave man, but the Indian psyche let him own. But he did have an effect and in the sum total the British got worried that if 40,000 men could join Bose, more may revolt against them later.The Royal Inian Navy mutiny of 1946, by 20000 sailors put the seal on their assessment that their days were over. This was admitted by Clement Attlee in his interview after he retired.\nBose was a great man, but at the crucial point during World War II he was let down by Indians themselves. The Indian nation missed a great opportunity of throwing out the English at that time.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Implementing Good Personal Cybersecurity Practices Can Keep You and Your Devices Secure\nNot only do we want to keep our information and our devices secure, but we also want to keep ourselves and our loved ones safe. Cybercriminals want to steal our personal information, banking information, and any other information they can sell on the “Dark Web”. Their goal is to do it without us knowing about it. You see, if we don’t know that our sensitive information was compromised we can’t mitigate the damage that is sure to happen.\nThis article discusses the best Personal Cybersecurity practices and how to defend and protect against cybercrime attacks. The article is broken down into sections that address several aspects of good personal cybersecurity.\nYou see, if we don’t know that our sensitive information was compromised we can’t mitigate the damage that is sure to happen. Good personal cybersecurity is not only about protecting against attacks, but it’s also about detecting successful attacks and taking actions to recover. We can’t stop all the attacks from being successful but we can limit the damage. This article can help you to understand the best personal cybersecurity practices.\nGood personal cybersecurity practices can protect your sensitive information, personal devices, and home networks. At your home or office, you and your personal devices create a Personal Area Network. Protecting this network requires good personal cybersecurity practices. Your personal area network is only as secure as your most vulnerable device.\nWhat is Personal Cybersecurity?\nFirst, let’s define what cybersecurity is:\nCybersecurity is the act of protecting digital systems and digital assets. It entails the use of methods and techniques that can protect important assets and systems and networks that transport and store the assets. Cybersecurity is meant to protect against unauthorized access. It also protects digital assets from loss, damage, or destruction. That is referred to as Data Loss Protection (DLP).\nPersonal Cybersecurity addresses the self-needs of an individual. It is applied whether you are at work or at home, or anywhere in between. It involves the protection of personal information, personal devices, and our Personal Area Network (PAN). Effective personal cybersecurity practices require a personal awareness of the environment we are in. By possessing the knowledge and having the necessary resources we can protect our personal devices, our sensitive information, and our lively hood.\nSo, if we diligently utilize good personal cybersecurity practices during our daily routine we can stay ahead of cybercrime threats that lead to disaster. There is no way to mitigate all cyber threats perpetrated by cybercriminals. But we can incorporate our best personal cybersecurity practices and prepare ourselves to react to events when they occur.\nAny crime that is committed using a computer network or combination of systems is considered a cybercrime. Cybercrime can include computer-related crimes if the computer is part of a network. But, a computer-related crime typically refers to a crime committed on a stand-alone computer. So. a cybercrime is committed when a malicious actor uses a network or computer system to conduct criminal activity. That’s a very broad definition.\nBecause cybercrime entails so many facets of computer and network systems it is challenging to fight. In our daily lives, we are constant targets of cybercriminals. By utilizing good personal cybersecurity practices we can mitigate many cybercrime attacks. As cybercriminals become more organized and begin to automate their attack methods we are being bombarded with constant attacks.\nWho Does Cybercrime Hurt the Most?\nAccording to a special report sponsored by INTRUSION Inc., “Cyberwarfare In The C-Suite“, It is predicted that cybercrime will cost the world more than $10 trillion per year by 2025. Just in 2021 alone, the prediction is that cybercrime will cause damage to the tune of $6 trillion. Last year there were over 15 million consumers who fell victim to identity fraud.\nSo, it’s us, the consumers, that are really getting hurt the most. In a lot of these cases, the victim was partially responsible. It’s important for people to implement good personal cybersecurity practices. There are things that we can do personally to protect ourselves. No one else is going to do it. It’s all on us, and our ability to protect our space with good personal cybersecurity practices.\nPeople over the age of 50 reported losses due to cybercrimes of over $1.1 billion. The preferred victims of cybercriminals are people age 60 or above. The number of losses is those that were reported, many incidents go unreported. These losses will rise as senior fraud scams continue to increase.\nCybercrimes Against Our Personal Area Network\nUsually, cybercrimes are not intended to damage computer systems or our personal devices. On occasion, those types of crimes happen when they are motivated politically or are part of a cyberwar attack against a nation that is an adversary. This article will concentrate on cybercrimes that affect you and me personally. Whether the personal attacks are initiated by organized cybercriminals or novice hackers the threat to us is real.\nWe need to be concerned about our Personal Area Network (PAN). Our personal area network exists of several devices at any one time. Every device can be targeted by cybercriminals and hackers. As long as the device is connected to our personal area network it is a threat. We must stay diligent and use good personal cybersecurity practices in our daily lives.\nRelated article: How to Secure Your Personal Area Network\n5 Types of cybercrime that can put your best personal cybersecurity practices to a test\nCybercriminals that launch these types of attacks can be very creative. Most of today’s attacks are targeted at human weaknesses. Once again, good personal cybersecurity practices can prevent phishing attacks. Phishing attacks rely on scenarios like the following three situations:\n- Distracted Users — While routinely checking emails a user opens an email or clicks a link without thinking.\n- Fooled by a Spoofed Email — The recipient of the email is fooled by a cybercriminal impersonating a person or company that the user is familiar with. A simple request like clicking on a link or sending money may be completely normal if the email was really from someone known by the user, and not from a cybercriminal.\n- Consumer hurrying to get a Discount — Users sometimes rush to click on a deal that is too good to pass up. In the excitement of the moment, they are fooled by clicking a link on a malicious website or in email.\nPeople, not system vulnerabilities are often at the center of phishing attacks. Some 90% of all phishing attacks are initiated through email. Bad actors will leverage phishing attacks to steal users’ passwords and login information. Their goal is to gain access to financial accounts.\nHow to avoid phishing attacks\nAlways scrutinized any email that has links that are not expected. Be suspicious of email attachments. Phishing scams can sometimes be spotted by obvious spelling and grammar errors. Legitimate financial institutions don’t send sloppy emails. If you suspect a malicious message don’t leave it on your computer, always delete or quarantine it.\nRansomware is crimeware that is usually placed into a computer via a phishing attack or an exploit kit. Once the malware has infected your computer it attempts to encrypt one or more devices on the system. Then the user is typically demanded to pay a ransom to have the file unencrypted.\nProtect against ransomware attacks and loss of data\nCertainly taking all the safeguards you would for a phishing scam applies here. The best way to mitigate a ransomware attack, however, is to ensure you have one or more local and remote backups of your data. Backups must be done regularly. This is important because even if you pay the ransom, there’s only a small chance that the cybercriminal will decrypt your files for you. Remember, if you don’t open the email to start with there is no way to get infected.\nThere are many different types of Malware, including malware that targets a user’s personal and financial information. The cybercriminals behind the distribution of Malware are becoming increasingly more sophisticated. The real scary part is these cybercriminals are finding more effective methods of hiding the malware, making it very difficult for anti-virus and anti-malware programs to detect.\nMalware is a multi-billion dollar dark web market. Cybercrime is driven by the rewards available, the amount of money that can be made. It’s a big dollar business and there is no limit to what the cybercriminals will do to maintain their profits. For them, there are many targets and essentially unlimited resources to tap into.\nWhen Malware infects your device the attackers can use it to spy on you, capture your data, and infiltrate other systems. Malware is one of the biggest online threats and by applying good personal cybersecurity practices we may be able to mitigate the threat.\nHow to detect and protect yourself from Malware\nOnce again, we talk about good personal cybersecurity practices. The battle against Malware is a difficult one. The way you surf the Internet can be a factor. Beware3 of suspicious websites. Always check the security (HTTPS, not HTTP, S for Secure) of the website before clicking or tapping links. There may be times when your system is infected and you won’t know.\nDon’t rely on typical anti-virus software to detect malware, and remove it. I use McAfee on my systems. It’s good software but sometimes is not capable of removing some Malware once detected. For this reason, I recommend using an anti-malware program like Malwarebytes. It is recommended for use by Microsoft. A nice feature of Malwarebytes is that it also scans webpages for malicious behavior and warns you if it is suspicious.\nIdentity Theft Scams\nOnce a cybercriminal obtains a few pieces of your sensitive information they may be able to fake your identity and commit identity fraud. They may apply for credit accounts in your name, file fake tax returns, and do types of fraud that will disrupt your life. Once a victim of identity theft it is difficult to identify fraudulent accounts and then get everything straightened out.\nHow to protect yourself from identity theft\nAlways ensure you are visiting web pages that are secure. Do not reveal any personal or sensitive information while using social media sites. do not send sensitive information like social security numbers or banking details when using email. Be aware of suspicious emails from senders you do not know. Email is used by cybercriminals as a weapon in an attempt to not only deliver Malware but to initiate phishing attacks.\nAs cybercriminals become more creative and sophisticated the variety and types of scams and attacks increase. By using good personal cybersecurity practices you can spot and prevent being harm by a variety of scams. Cybercriminals may use a sense of urgency to get you to fall victim to their scam. They may also make offers that seem too good to be true. Beware of these types of emails and marketing campaigns.\nDon’t get caught off guard. Don’t become complacent just because you have always avoided malicious attacks. When you least expect is when it will happen. Use best practices along with common sense to spot and avoid scams. Cybercriminals have the advantage. We must realize that.\nA cybercriminal can automate attacks, performing thousands of attacks in a fast sequence. They only need to be successful one time out of the thousands of attacks. We, on the other hand, need to be able to mitigate every one of the thousands of attacks.\nWe can’t protect ourselves from every threat out there. We can mitigate the threats that can do the most damage by using good personal cybersecurity practices. Always consider the value of the information or resource we are protecting.\nFor instance, when it comes to financial information and online banking accounts we need to take extra care. Creating and using strong passwords is a must. Read the following article for tips on securing your online banking accounts and best password practices.\nOur Children are Targets Too\nIt is important that your children understand personal cybersecurity at an early age. They will be exposed to personal cybersecurity risks their entire life. The earlier your children understand personal cybersecurity and learn the best practices the sooner they can begin to develop the good habits that will keep them safe.\nIf you have children, here’s a poster you can download and post in their study and gaming area (Pdf format).\nWhat Best Personal Cybersecurity Practices Does the NIST Recommend?\n1) Careful with your personal data\n2) Don’t Expose your identity\n3) Protect and backup data\n4) Detect successful attacks\n5) Take action if hacked\n6) Recover – know the steps ahead of time\nRead more: Tips to Protect Yourself From Cybercrime\nFeatured image by FreePik", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The unprecedented spread of one language as an international lingua franca has socio-economic, political and ideological consequences.\nTwo key issues debated include:\n- whether the spread of English as an international means of communication serves to sustain the privilege and power of its native speakers (what Phillipson refers to as ‘linguistic imperialism’ (1992)) or whether reasons for learning English now are more pragmatic than ideological in nature (Bisong 1995)\n- who, if anyone, ‘owns’ English, now that is used on such an intensive scale globally – for example, does the term native speaker still have relevance when large numbers of people have a very high, nativelike level of competence; when many children in countries outside the traditional ‘native speaker heartlands’, i.e. the US, UK, Ireland, Canada and Australia etc., are learning English as a first language; and when most interactions in English take place without a so-called native speaker even being present ?", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Royal and Ancient Polar Bear SocietyEdit profile\nThe Royal and Ancient Polar Bear Society is a small museum in the town of Hammerfest, Norway The significance of the polar bear is that this animal is the town's mascot and heraldic crest. For all its remoteness, Hammerfest has a long history as a trading port, and Isbjørnklubben as it is called in Norwegian - meaning simply Polar Bear Club - sets out to commemorate this. In the museum's single room are a variety of mementos of the early life of Hammerfest, including a profusion of stuffed animals, early Arctic hunting, traveling and camping equipment, and perhaps most interestingly, a gallery of photographs, paintings, drawings and writings of and from the town's history. The depict the town as it was in previous centuries, showing that as far back as the seventeenth century CE, this tiny town was a nexus for travelers and traders in the far north and a meeting point for the isolated people of North Norway, traders sailing up from southern Europe and hunters and traders coming west from the Arctic Ocean and Russia. Founded in 1963 by two local businessmen, the Polar Bear Club is not particularly ancient. Primarily, it is a somewhat jokey amenity for tourists. Although entrance to the actual museum is for a nominal charge, visitors are encouraged to join the Society, which is rewarded with a membership pack, the contents of which include a certificate, a sticker, a hat, a membership card and a lapel pin. Since the only way to join is in person at the museum, this pin signifies as proof of visiting this remote place. The normal pin depicts a small polar bear. Today, there is a special version of the pin in which the polar bear stands on an ice floe. This is only available to members who have visited the Polar Bear Club's other location in Longyearbyen on Svalbard.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data An electron travaels in an accelerator tube at a speed of 0.997 c relative to Earth. In the frame of reference of the electron, the length of the tube is 1.20 m. What is the length of the tube relative to earth? 2. Relevant equations L = Lo / γ Textbook answer: 15.5 m 3. The attempt at a solution I know it is a simple plug-in problem but when I plug in the numbers, they don't work out and I'm guessing that I'm assigning the numbers wrong. For this problem, would 1.20m be L or Lo? I'd assume it to be Lo since that's the proper length in terms of the electron's reference frame. However, the numbers do not work out then - indicating that L = 1.20 m. This does not make sense to me since 1.20 m is the length measured from the electron's frame, is it not?", "label": "No"}
{"text": "“Personal responsibility” is a theme frequently drawn upon by people addressing the social problems of the day, including problems that black communities face. Public figures issuing calls to action often challenge the role of the individual, although whether it works in better reaching the individuals who need to hear these messages is debatable. The bigger problem is that a message that exclusively focuses on personal responsibility without an accompanying clarion call for society itself to improve gives us only half of the answer.\nNo one exemplifies this problem more than Bill Cosby, who recently dictated an editorial to the New York Post in which he said, “There is this situation where people tend to think that we are all victims. Victim meaning somebody else is doing this to us. That’s not true.” The former star of The Cosby Show is known for making controversial statements directed to the black community. In 2004, at an address at an NAACP gala celebrating the 50th anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education, Cosby said “the lower-economic and middle-economic people are not holding up their end in this deal,” i.e., not following through on all of the hard-earned opportunities available in our time. While his statement upset many, it actually led to a constructive dialogue on black class differences and Professor Michael Eric Dyson wrote an entire book to unpack the issues that Cosby raised. But this time around, Cosby lays all the blame at the feet of black Americans who, he says, suffer from “a plague called apathy.”\nHe goes on to suggest that parents need to make better choices for their children, including not buying them sugary drinks. Otherwise, they pass the bad habits and health risks down. “It becomes a term of apathy because people say my father had it, my aunt had it. People then ask you, ‘What your mother die of?’ ‘Diabetes.’ ‘Grandmother?’ ‘Diabetes.’ These things don’t have to happen if you make the correct choice.” Cosby is completely justified in tackling the issue of Type 2 diabetes in children. But what about addressing the pressing issue of food deserts and the general lack of access to fresh fruits and vegetables that disproportionately affect densely populated urban areas? To attack only half of a problem is no solution.\nThen there is education. “Interview some schoolteachers. How many parents, on parent-teacher day, actually show up?” Cosby asks. “Not to Dunbar or some school where people are saying they want their child to become an engineer or philosopher or whatever else that requires one to do some homework. Go to a school where people are not doing well. How many parents show up?”\nOf course parents should be more active in schools. There is no need to rehash the statistics that outline the educational-achievement gap in the black community. But the issue of education revolves not just around what the parents do, but what our elected officials and people in authority do as well. In the midst of massive school closings, where is the call for social responsibility for the city and state officials? In Cosby’s native Philadelphia, 23 schools are being closed to alleviate a deficit in the city budget. This negatively affects the involved and uninvolved parents, and of course the children who attended those schools. It is hard to say yes to education when our society doesn’t place enough value in it to keep the schools open.\nTo be fair, Cosby is not alone in thinking that black people in America need to do better. His views gained a great deal of traction, and elected officials have taken to challenging the black community to improve. Just last month, President Obama gave a speech at Morehouse in which he said, “There are some things, as black men, that we can only do for ourselves.” The problem is that such exhortations can embolden others to do the same, with much less understanding, like Gene Marks’ offensive post on Forbes called “If I Were a Poor Black Kid,” which completely ignored the structural and institutional problems that black youth have to contend with.\nThere are a great deal of problems in black America and our American society in general. But if Cosby is really interested in combating apathy, it’s important for him to realize that there are larger, outside forces that can cause a sense of hopelessness in affected areas. Without a total picture of what certain communities have to contend with, Cosby’s supposedly well-meaning advice is not just tone-deaf but useless as well.\nPolite is an award-winning blogger and author of the chapbook The Poetic Ruminations of Mr. Born Nice. More of his political and social commentary may be found at his blog, politeonsociety.com", "label": "No"}
{"text": "POSTULATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF NEO- CLASSICAL THEORY ON NIGERIA’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT\nNeo-classical theory of development came in reactions to the Keynesian theory propounded by John M. Keynes (1930s), otherwise, known as the theory of mixed economy. Drawing from the aftermaths of the second world war and its attendant negative consequences, is the great economic depression of 1930s. Most theories developed then were on how to get the world economies out of the depression. Keynes opined that the only surest way for government is to increase spending through the employment of long unemployed individuals that would be the trick to bringing the world economies out of recession”. Contrary to Keynesian theorists, neo- classical believes that economic growth is directly related to free trade and countries should follow policies of deregulation, privatization and liberalization in order to achieve desired economic growth. Nigeria being a former colonist of Great Britain inherited a political and economic models, the parliamentary system of government which was later changed to American styles presidential system anchored on the doctrines of economic liberalism. The system ushered in foreign trade and investment without border, private ownership and means of production, privatization and commercialization, and Nigeria became a capitalist economy. But despite that, the country is engulfed with the challenges of economic development, ranges from low and decayed infrastructures, under- production, dependency on foreign goods and services and the dominating activities of multinationals. The research obtained data from the secondary sources. However, in the course of this research, findings revealed that privatization and liberalization policies in Nigeria have course devastating effects on the economy taking into cognizance the effects of Structural adjustment programmed (SAP), on the country’s currency, the Naira devaluation, unequal exchange, trade and investment which has today resulting to capital flights, unemployment, poverty, high mortality rates and high cost of living face by millions of Nigerians today. Thus, the way out of this menace is total overhauling of the entire privatization processes in Nigeria, the strengthening of the Naira and strict protectionism.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Now is the time to go green and take care of the Earth. It doesn’t always take major lifestyle overhauls. Even small changes can add up, having a massive impact, not only for our own communities, but for the entire planet.\nHere are some ways you can focus on small efforts that will, in turn, have big impacts:\nImagine if every New Yorker recycled just 1 aluminum can this year. That’d be almost 20 million cans, or about 322 tons of aluminum. Conserving 322 tons of aluminum is the equivalent to saving nearly 397,348 gallons of gasoline. Now imagine if you recycled ALL your aluminum cans.\nThe Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a wonderful infographic with all kinds of information on how recycling saves. Take a look:\nWe all know that biking to work, or taking public transportation (e.g., bus, subway), is a great way to cut down on pollution. But you can also cut down on emissions by “what you drive, how you drive, and what fuel you use….” According to the EPA, US consumers have saved more than $28 billion dollars by purchasing new vehicles with better fuel economy and fewer greenhouse gas emissions. (2) Here are a few links to help you save on transportation costs, while saving the planet:\n- FuelEconomy.gov – A great site that lists all the fuel economy (MPG) ratings for just about every make and model car you can imagine. A great resource in choosing your next car.\n- EPA.gov/greenvehicles – This site from the EPA has all kinds of information about how to “make transportation greener.”\n- Airnow.gov – This site lists the air quality forecasts across the country. This is a great site you can use to help determine when you should avoid driving due to a poor air quality index.\nDo you know where you use the most water at your house? You may be surprised to know that the toilet and washing machine make up almost half of your water usage. Showers, faucets, leaks, and lawns make up most of the rest of the nearly 300 gallons of water that American families use each day. (3)\nSo what can you do to make a difference and reduce water usage? Here are some tips:\n- Adjust the height of your mower (making it taller) to leave grass a little longer.\n- Water during the evening or night to reduce water evaporation during the heat of the day.\n- Water every other day (or less, depending on your municipal requirements/instructions).\n- Turn off the faucet while you’re brushing your teeth.\n- Take shorter showers.\n- Wait to do the laundry until there’s a full load.\n- Repair leaks as soon as you notice them.\nDoing small things—like turning off your facet when brushing your teeth—can make a big impact on your community, and even save you a little money in the process.\n- Recycling Statistics\n- Google Public Data – New York population – http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=kf7tgg1uo9ude_#!ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=population&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=country&idim=state:36000&ifdim=country&hl=en_US&dl=en_US&ind=false\n- RecycleUseInc.com – 31 cans equals 1 lbs – http://recycleusainc.com/aluminium-cans/how-many-aluminum-cans-equal-1-pound/\n- EPA.gov – 1 ton of recycled aluminum cans conserves 1,234 gallons of gasoline – https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/advncng_smm_infogrphc.pdf", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A Denver-based company is working to develop solar products that could end the use of polluting fuels used for light and heat around the world, and most importantly, are affordable to the communities that need them.\nMillions of people around the world live without connection to a reliable source of electricity. This means no television, no modern appliances, and most importantly, no light.\nInstead, many burn wood, candles, charcoal, or kerosene indoors just to be able to eat their dinner. These fuels are unsustainable, dangerous for indoor use, and detrimental when inhaled over a long period of time.\nNokero (short for No Kerosene) is the first to develop and market a solar light bulb: a compact, flexible lantern that can be held, hung, or placed on a shelf to create hours of clean, renewable light.\nIn most countries, the Nokero N200 pays for itself in 15 days to 2 months by eliminating the need for expensive candles or kerosene. It combines the best in solar and LED technology with a clear globe made from the same shatter-resistant polycarbonate used in car headlights. The battery will last for 1.5 years, and can be replaced to extend the bulb's life even longer.\nNokero is involved with organizations like C.U.R.E. to help bring solar light bulbs to people who might otherwise suffer the terrible health effects of burning fuels for light. Most recently, the company partnered with Elephant Energy to distribute solar products to the over 18,000 members of the Navajo Nation currently living off-grid in southwest America.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The definitions of the absorption and scattering coefficients on the Inherent Optical Properties page were in terms of an infinitesimally thin slab of water. We now must reformulate those conceptual definitions so that they can be applied to actual measurements on finite thickness of water in a measuring instrument.\nMeasuring The Beam Attenuation Coefficient\nJust as was done for the absorption and scattering coefficients (recall Eqs. 1 and 2 of the IOP page), we can define the beam attenuation coefficient as\nwhere is the attenuance, or fraction of power absorbed or scattered as light passes through the slab of infinitesimal thickness . However, any instrument must make its measurements on a slab of some finite thickness , which is typically between 0.01 and 1 m.\nFigure 1 shows a finitely thick slab of water with an incident power and transmitted power , where the wavelength argument has been omitted for brevity. Within the slab the power has magnitude after passing through a thickness of material. In going from thickness to , the power changes from to , where because the transmitted power decreases as the thickness traversed increases.\nRecalling that the attenuance is the fractional change in power, we can rewrite Eq. (1) as\nwhere the minus sign accounts for being negative, whereas all other quantities are positive. Assuming that the medium within the slab is uniform, so that is independent of , we can integrate Eq. 2 from to , which corresponds respectively to powers and . This gives\nwhich can be rewritten as\nThis equation gives the beam attenuation coefficient in terms of the measurable incident and transmitted powers and the finite thickness of the slab.\nEquation (3) is the key to measuring the beam attenuation. However, there are additional subtleties in this measurement related to the instrument design, which is shown in more detail in Fig. 2. The development above implicitly assumed that the incident light was perfectly collimated (all light rays travel in exactly the same direction) and that the detector omits all scattered light. Neither requirement can be fully satisfied in a real instrument. Even a laser beam has some divergence, and any detector has a finite field of view (FOV) or acceptance angle. If the detector FOV is 1 deg, for example, then the detector will detect rays that have been scattered by 1 deg or less, as well as unscattered light. This undesired detection of scattered light will make the transmitted power too large, and thus too small. The magnitude of this error depends both on the detector FOV and on the volume scattering function of the water, which determines how much light is scattered through angles smaller than the FOV. Although these errors in beam attenuation measurements have been studied in many papers (see, most recently, Boss et al. (2009) and references therein), it is difficult to correct for the error in a particular measurement because the VSF is usually unknown, especially at very small scattering angles. Unfortunately, as Boss et al. show, the differences in values as measured by different instruments can be tens of percent. Indeed, Boss et al. end their paper with the comment, “We conclude that more work needs to be done with the oldest (in terms of availability of commercial in-situ instruments) and simplest (so we thought...) optical property, the beam attenuation.”\nMeasuring The Absorption Coefficient\nIf there were no scattering, then the instrument design used to measure beam attenuation would give the absorption coefficient . However, at least some scattering is always present in sea water, which requires modification of the instrument design shown in Fig. 2. When measuring , any light lost from the beam because of scattering will be attributed to a loss of light due to absorption. Thus it is desirable that the detector collect as much scattered light as possible. Because most scattering is through small angles, a common instrument design is to use as large a detector as possible at the end of the measurement chamber to collect forward scattered light. Such an instrument is shown schematically in Fig. 3.\nAn instrument of this design typically collects light forward scattered through angles of a few tens of degrees (depending on the design of the particular instrument), which does account for most of the scattered light. However, some light is still lost “out the side of the instrument” by scattering though larger angles, as represented by in the figure. To get an accurate absorption measurement, it is necessary to perform a scattering correction, i.e., to estimate and to account for this loss when computing . The equation for computation of then becomes\nIn this equation, now includes the measured transmitted power due both to unscattered light and to light scattered through angles less than the detector FOV. The term adds back the unmeasured loss of power due to scattering through angles larger than the FOV. Estimating the value of is of course difficult because the amount of scattering at angles greater than the instrument field of view depends on the (usually unknown) volume scattering function. Techniques for doing this scattering correction are given in Zaneveld et al. (1994).\nIn spite of the fundamental difficulties associated with the instrument designs of Figs. 2 and 3, the problems are not insurmountable and instruments based on these designs are commercially available. For example, the pioneering and widely used ac-9 instrument (and its successor, the ac-s) uses these designs for measurement of and . In the ac-9, the detector for measurement of has an acceptance angle of about 1 deg, and the detector for measurement of has an acceptance angle of about 40 deg.\nAnother way to account for scattering in absorption measurements is to place the entire measurement chamber inside an integrating sphere. An integrating sphere is a hollow sphere coated on the inside with a highly reflective white material (usually Spectralon, which has a reflectance greater than 99% at visible wavelengths and is a diffuse reflector). The inner surface of the sphere reflects incident light into all directions, which after many reflections makes the interior light field homogeneous and isotropic. Thus it is possible to measure the power at only one location within the sphere in order to compute the total power within the sphere. Integrating spheres are commonly used in laboratory spectrophotometers to collect the scattered light, and flow-through integrating-cavity absorption meters are now commercially available (e.g., PSICAM).\nComment. Equation 4 is often rewritten as\nafter recalling the definition of the absorptance . Using to convert from natural to Naperian logarithms gives\nwhere is called the optical density or absorbance. Spectrophotometers usually output their measurements as a value of , from which can be computed according to the thickness of the sample volume.\nMeasuring The Scattering Coefficient\nIt is possible to measure the scattering coefficient , for example by collecting all scattered power in an integrating cavity and then using\nIt is also possible to measure the volume scattering function and then obtain by integration of the VSF over all scattering angles. However, neither of these paths to is often taken.\nThe scattering coefficient is usually obtained from measurements of the beam attenuation and absorption coefficient , and the definition of :\nNote, however, that there is a philosophical problem here, even if the practical difficulties in measuring and can be overcome well enough to obtain usefully accurate values. The philosophical problem is that to obtain good values of and , you need to know the VSF in order to correct for the finite-FOV errors in and to perform the scattering correction for the measurement. Because the VSF is seldom measured, you must make assumptions about the scattering in order to obtain values for and , in order to obtain a value for the scattering . Thus the value obtained for the scattering coefficient depends on the a priori assumptions made about scattering in the water being studied. This circular reasoning is tolerated in optical oceanography simply because of the difficulties of designing instruments to make accurate measurements of each IOP independent of assumptions about the other IOPs.\nMeasuring The Volume Scattering Function\nAs with the measurement of beam attenuation, measurement of the volume scattering function employs a narrow collimated beam and a narrow-field-of-view detector. Now, however, the detector views the incident beam at a given scattering angle. The basic geometry is shown in Fig. 4.\nThe intersection of the incident beam and the detector FOV define a volume of water in which the scattering from the incident direction into the scattered direction takes place. The scattering angle is defined as shown by the angle between and (recall Eq. (5) of the page on geometry). The incident power traveling in direction into volume generates scattered power in the detector FOV of solid angle centered on direction over a path length of . The definitions of the VSF on The Volume Scattering Function page give us an operational formulas for the VSF in terms of measurable quantities:\nwhich as previously noted is equivalent to\nAs always, there are implicit assumptions and subtleties involved with these equations. It is assumed that the scattering volume is small enough that only single scattering takes place within the volume, but large enough to contain a representative sample of scattering particles. It is necessary to correct for attenuation of the incident and scattered beams along the entire path from the source to the scattering volume to the sensor, which presumes knowledge of the beam attenuation coefficient . (Note again our problem: to measure the VSF we need to know , but we need to know the VSF in order to make the FOV correction for the measurement of .) In the pioneering General Angle Scattering Meter (GASM) developed by Petzold (1972), it was difficult to accurately determine the scattering volume , which changes with scattering angle, because of the difficulty of maintaining mechanical alignment of the moving parts as they swept the detector through the full range of scattering angles. The calculations and engineering considerations needed to implement Eqs. 5 or 6 in GASM are given in Petzold’s classic report.\nMore recent instruments have used other designs to avoid various problems. For example, Lee and Lewis (2003) used a novel design based on a rotating periscope to scan through scattering angles from 0.6 to 177.3 deg. A more recent in situ instrument, the LISST-VSF can measure the VSF at 515 nm in the range of to 150 deg, along with the scattering coefficient and beam attenuation and selected components of the Mueller matrix for polarized light scattering. See Slade et al. (2013).\nIn sea water both absorption and scattering are always important. Depending on the water constituents and the wavelength, one process can dominate the other, but neither can be ignored. Thus one IOP cannot be measured independently of the others. Clearly, there is need for continued development of IOP instruments with novel designs that minimize the measurement problems mentioned above.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Bid Data Analytics and Predicting Election Results\nAjith Singh Department Of Computer Science, Patna Women’s College, India\nPublished on: 2019-04-16\nThe best way to predict the future is to study past behavior. This is the underlying idea behind Big Data Analytics. The 2008 Obama election campaign was one of the first to take advantage of data-driven methods in the race to an elected office. The Obama campaign had a data analytics team of 100 people. This shows how deeply data analytics impacts the world. From recommending products to customers on e-commerce websites (i.e. using predictive analytics) to electing the most powerful official of the free world. Big Data Analytics is indeed everywhere. Data analytics has evolved itself to become the brain of every election campaign since the Obama campaign. Data analytics helps the election campaign to understand the voters better and hence adapt to their sentiments. Now let’s find out how data analytics affects the elections and how election campaigns use it.\nBig data analytics; Election result prediction; Election result prediction model\nThe 2016 race to the White House had data at its center and made itself an unstoppable force. The question here is how it affects the outcome of the election? Positively or Negatively? In other words, does data analytics have the ability to turn election results? Social and polling data can affect the voters. Social websites such as Facebook and Twitter optimize their feeds to the target audience to promote voting. Conversely, you see Hillary Clinton leading by 73% chance to take over the White House in the polls (released by some analytics firm) to Trump. In reality, would you agree that a good number of people would feel that the election result is obvious now?", "label": "No"}
{"text": "It is only 75 kilometres long, but its impact could be enormous. The rail link that is scheduled to open early next month between Mazar-e-Sharif and Hairatan on the Uzbek border marks a significant milestone in Afghanistan's journey toward peace, progress and prosperity.\nWithout a doubt, Afghanistan faces some daunting challenges. Scarred by decades of insurgency, the country must build a sustainable economy while grappling with weak governance, rampant gender inequality, few jobs and endemic poverty.\nAfghanistan today is, in many ways, a place in-between.\nGeographically, it sits at the crossroads of vast markets to the west, east and south, representing billions of dollars worth of trade. Historically, it stands on fragile ground between a violent past and a future of opportunity. Its rich mineral and hydrocarbon deposits and strategic location at the heart of the ancient Silk Road hold the promise of a better life for the Afghan people and increased stability for the entire Central Asian region.\nSuch a future is critical for global stability and widely shared prosperity. But this will not be achieved without significant investment to turn this landlocked and isolated economy into one that is land-linked and integrated with its neighbours. For a sustainable future, Afghanistan needs to build a modern infrastructure, sound basic services, good governance and efficient institutions in order to expand trade within the region and beyond.\nTransport infrastructure and energy supply are the backbone and lifeblood of any economy. For Central Asia, transit through Afghanistan is a vital lifeline to critical global markets. For the world at large, an integrated Central Asia represents both increased stability and a more vibrant, diverse and economically interesting investment proposition.\nThe new rail link connects Afghanistan to Uzbekistan's expansive rail network and to regional markets in Europe and Asia — boosting regional trade and facilitating the flow of humanitarian assistance. Future links are planned to connect to other parts of the region, including Pakistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan.\nWhat's more, the rail line is part of a more extensive transport plan in progress across the region. The Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) programme — which this week will hold its 10thministerial meeting in Baku, Azerbaijan — has laid the groundwork for this effort.\nThis partnership consisting of Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, promotes economic development through cooperation among member countries.\nThe reconstruction of Afghanistan's ring road network has already eased access to southern markets. Many other transport projects are under way or have been completed to improve the region's road, rail, air and sea connections. The US Silk Road Initiative proposal and the forthcoming Bonn Conference on Afghanistan confirm the desire of the international community and Afghanistan's neighbours to cooperate in supporting the country's ongoing development through greater regional cooperation. With a proven 10-year track record of delivering mutually beneficial regional projects, the CAREC programme offers a practical vehicle for doing so.\nAfter decades of chronic dislocation and conflict, Afghanistan is experiencing a transformation that is redefining its role in the region and the world. Beyond its strictly practical purpose, the new rail line is symbolic of a vision for a better life for the Afghan people. By remaining engaged and fully committed to the country's development, the international community can help transform Afghanistan from 'the place in-between' to a vibrant crossroads of culture and commerce.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A Review of Early Developments in Electroacoustics in the U.S.A.\nThe history of electroacoustics began with acousticians using their ears to evaluate acoustic properties before microphones, amplifiers, and recording equipment was available. The Audio Engineering Society was formed after much of the early work in acoustics was published. It, therefore, seems appropriate to review for the Society some of the development and people responsible for these early contributions in acoustics.\nClick to purchase paper or login as an AES member. If your company or school subscribes to the E-Library then switch to the institutional version. If you are not an AES member and would like to subscribe to the E-Library then Join the AES!\nThis paper costs $20 for non-members, $5 for AES members and is free for E-Library subscribers.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The government of the Byzantine Empire was headed and dominated by the emperor, but there were many other important officials who assisted in operating the finances, judiciary, military, and bureaucracy of a huge territory. Without elections, the ministers, senators, and councillors who governed the people largely acquired their position through imperial patronage or because of their status as large landowners. Government was multi-levelled based on the geographical division of the empire’s population and although corruption, rebellions, and invasions threatened the functioning of the system, and even caused its reduction in scale, the system nevertheless survived for centuries to become one of the most sophisticated apparatus of government seen in any empire in history.\nThe Byzantine emperor (and sometimes empress) ruled as an absolute monarch and was the commander-in-chief of the army and head of the Church and government. He controlled the state finances, and he appointed or dismissed nobles at will, granting them wealth and lands or taking them away. The position was conventionally hereditary, but new dynasties were regularly founded as usurpers took the throne, usually military generals backed by the army. Unlike in the west, the Byzantine emperor was also head of the Church and so could appoint or dismiss the most important ecclesiastical role in the empire, the Patriarch or bishop of Constantinople. Further, the emperor was widely regarded as having been chosen by God to rule for the good of the people.\nThe emperor was distinguished by his magnificent royal residence, the Great Palace of Constantinople, and by his imperial regalia - the jewelled crown, belt, cloak, and brooch seen in so many depictions in Byzantine art. His or her image was widely seen as it appeared on coinage, official seals, weights, mosaics, and sculpture.\nGiven the size of the empire and the complexity of all the different facets of government necessary for it to run smoothly, the emperor was, by necessity, obliged to consult with a team of close advisors. Such members of an inner circle at court, the comitatus, need not have held any formal position, but there were other permanent offices and positions which helped disseminate the imperial will to all corners of the empire. There were, in addition, the court eunuch chamberlains (cubicularii) who served the emperor in various personal duties but who could also control access to him. Eunuchs also held positions of responsibility themselves, chief amongst these being the holder of the emperor’s purse, the sakellarios whose powers would increase significantly from the 7th century CE.\nThe Senate & Imperial Ministers\nThe main forum of government was the Senate of Constantinople, which was made up of aristocratic males who were given their position by the emperor. Created by Constantine I (r. 306-337 CE), it was modelled on the Roman Senate. Although in practice the emperor could make any decision he wished, at least in theory he was supposed to consult the Senate and particularly the smaller group of the most senior senators known as the sacrum consistorium. This was especially so for matters of state importance - declarations of war, treaties of alliance, and so on. The Senate, therefore, was really only an advisory body. It could, though, function as the highest court in the land in rare cases of high treason. Leo VI (r. 886-912 CE) reduced the role of the Senate even further, but it would remain as an institution until the fall of the empire in the mid-15th century CE.\nKey ministers who reported to the emperor but had some autonomy of authority included the following:\n- the quaestor sacri palatii or chief legal officer and head of the judiciary\n- the magister officiorum who looked after the general administration of the palace, the army and its supplies, the secret police, transport, and foreign affairs\n- the cursus publicus who supervised the public post\n- the comes sacrarum largitionum who controlled the state mint (Sakellion) and supervised customs houses, the state workshops and armouries, and the state’s gold and silver mines. He collected some specific taxes, paid out extraordinary bonuses to the army, and supervised the distribution of clothing to the court.\n- the comes rei privatae who looked after the imperial estates and the emperor’s personal wealth\n- the praepositus sacri cubiculi or chief eunuch who typically controlled who could have a personal audience with the emperor\n- the Urban Prefect or Eparch who was, essentially, the mayor of Constantinople and had to run the city, manage its prisons, ensure public order was maintained, supervise building projects, and organise public spectacles.\nThe emperor and the above officials were supported by various ministries and their heads (domestikoi) such as the head of orphanages (orphanotrophos) and the head of public records (protasekretis), as well as countless minor officials (logothetes) and archivists (chartoularioi).\nThe Byzantine Empire was divided into the following territorial and administrative units:\n- Prefectures (4)\n- Dioceses (12)\n- Provinces (100+)\n- Town Councils\nThere were four prefectures, each governed by a Praetorian Prefect. The most important was the Praetorian of the East (the others governed Gaul, Italy and Illyricum) and, like his colleagues, he was responsible for all administrative, fiscal, and judicial affairs in his area. Prefects supervised and maintained the public post, roads, bridges, post-houses, and granaries in their area.\nThe prefectures were further divided into dioceses with their respective governors (vicarii) and each of these into administrative provinces, each with its own governor who supervised the individual city councils or curiae. Cities which were the seat of a governor such as Ephesus, Sardis and Aphrodisias, flourished as the governors sought to leave lasting monuments in their city and support the culture there. This was usually to the detriment of smaller towns in the province, and there are even records of emperors admonishing governors for dismantling monuments and stealing the stones in lesser towns in order to beautify the provincial capital.\nMembers of a curia were usually the wealthier local citizens, the land-owning elite (archontes), and although there were no elections, the ordinary people could voice their opinions at public events by acclaiming or booing public figures, just as factions of the crowd at the Hippodrome of Constantinople sometimes did towards the emperor. Public opinion might not bring the dismissal of councillors or other government officials but it could affect their chances of promotion as the emperor and central government were always on the watch for signs of public unrest in the provinces. Riots did occasionally break out, and the damage and economic disruption they caused was best avoided.\nLocal councillors were responsible for all public services and the collection of taxes in their town and its surrounding lands (curiously, any shortfall had to be made up by the councillors themselves until that onerous obligation was abolished in the early 6th century CE). This was a deliberate policy by emperors to separate tax revenue from anyone holding positions of military power and, therefore, reduce the possibility that a usurper could fund that portion of the army he commanded against the state. The main tax was a land tax called the annona, which was calculated in consideration of a census (indictio) taken every 5, and then later, 15 years.\nLocal councils also had to help with national services such as providing horses for the empire’s postal system. The local councils could directly petition the emperor so that there was both a direct and indirect chain of authority through which imperial policy was transmitted to the ordinary people. Leo VI abolished the councils in the 9th century CE, and their duties were redistributed to other officials. Finally, to ensure that government policy was carried through in practice, there was a whole army of imperial inspectors who were regularly dispatched to the provinces.\nIn the 7th century CE, as the empire shrank significantly and what remained became increasingly threatened by its neighbours. Emperor Heraclius (r. 610-641 CE), or his immediate successors, permanently changed the system of central government so that governors of the newly created large provinces or themes (themata) were now, in effect, provincial military commanders (strategoi) with civil responsibilities who were directly responsible to and reported to the emperor himself. The system of Praetorian Prefects was, therefore, abolished, and the logothetes, those minor officials looked down upon previously, became more instrumental in the successful running of the government and civil administration.\nThus the whole bureaucracy was simplified and the number of officials massively reduced with the most important logothetes being:\n- the logothetes tou stratiotikou who was in charge of military affairs from spending to armaments and supplies\n- the logothetes tou genikou who was in charge of the land tax amongst many others\n- the logothetes tou dromou who was in charge of foreign affairs, internal security, the public post, protection of the emperor, roads, and official public ceremonies.\nIn the 8th century CE, when armies of certain themes and strategoi posed a threat to the emperor’s position, the themes were reorganised into smaller regional units to reduce their military power. By the 11th century CE, the theme system went into decline as emperors like Basil II (r. 976-1025 CE) preferred to rely on the greater loyalty of their own private army. The strategoi were gradually replaced by other officials with less overall powers such as the doux or katepano (military governor) and praitor (responsible for fiscal and judicial matters).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Saturday is the day of the week following Friday and preceding Sunday. Saturday is the seventh and therefore last day of the week according to many commonly used calendars, and it is the second-to-last (sixth) day of the week according to ISO 8601 (see below). The Romans named Saturday Sāturni diēs (\"Saturn's Day\") no later than the 2nd century for the planet Saturn, which controlled the first hour of that day, according to Vettius Valens. The day's name was introduced into West Germanic languages and is recorded in the Low German languages such as Middle Low German sater(s)dach, Middle Dutch saterdag (Modern Dutch zaterdag) and Old English Sætern(es)dæġ and Sæterdæġ. However, the name was selected as a calque of the god Saturn, after whom the planet was named. The day was also referred to as \"Sæternes dæġe\" in an Old English translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People. In Old English, Saturday was also known as sunnanæfen (\"sun\" + \"eve\" cf. dialectal German Sonnabend).\nFor more informations\nBe the first one who uploadthe trail map\nYou can contribute to your community.Upload it! :-)Upload", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Hazard Perception Test\nKeeping a safe distance to the side\nKeeping a safe distance between you and other road users to your right and left is part of maintaining a \"space cushion\" around your car.\nIf you have to brake or swerve suddenly, this space to the side gives you some room to move. This may be enough to avoid a collision with other road users if a hazard arises.\nTry to keep at least a metre between your vehicle and other moving or parked vehicles. This is important when driving beside parked cars because someone might open a car door in front of you. It is also important when passing or overtaking other vehicles and when other vehicles travelling in the opposite direction pass you on narrow roads.\nA space cushion to the left and right of your car also allows other vulnerable road users such as cyclists some room to move. This reduces the chances of colliding with them.\nAvoid travelling next to other vehicles\nIt is best not to travel next to other vehicles even on a multi-laned road unless you have to. With a vehicle to your left and right as shown in the picture below, you have no room to swerve right or left should a hazard arise in front of you. So try to keep some space in the lane beside you so that you have a chance to steer around a hazard rather than be forced to brake hard.\nThe following picture also shows that having vehicles to your right or left (or both) also blocks your vision. This may prevent you from seeing a hazard to the left or right (eg a car entering from a side road).\nIt will be harder to avoid travelling next to other vehicles on multi-laned roads or freeways when the traffic is heavy. In these circumstances, however, the traffic is usually travelling more slowly, so braking is often easier.\nKey points summary: Keeping a safe distance to the side\n- Keep at least a one metre \"space cushion\" between you and vehicles on your left or right.\n- Avoid travelling next to other vehicles, particularly trucks and buses.\n- Give cyclists, motorcyclists and pedestrians plenty of room", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Children should say hello, goodbye, thank you and please. It helps them to learn that they aren’t the only ones with feelings and needs.\nWhen they misbehave, give them the “big eyes”—a stern look of admonishment.\nAllow only one snack a day. In France, it’s at 4 or 4:30.\nRemind them (and yourself) who’s the boss. French parents say, “It’s me who decides.”\nDon’t be afraid to say “no.” Kids have to learn how to cope with some frustration.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Pie refers to a colorful and healthy dish formed after baking dough mixed with butter, cold flour, salt, sugars and few other ingredients. It is generally circular in shape. Crust refers to the external hardened shell or flaky topping of the pie. Pie crust is mainly of two types: single pie crust and double pie crust. Classic pie crust is made out of the chief ingredient i.e. butter.\nMaking a pie crust requires a simple process. The first step in the process is making dough by mixing few basic ingredients and it needs just 10-15 minutes. Every ingredient serves an important function with respect to the characteristics of finally prepared pie. Flour adds bulk and structure to crust. Fat i.e. butter or shortening gives a flaky texture and flavors to pie. Butter aids in workability of the dough and also helps in forming golden crust of the pie. The water added to the mix must be icy cold. Liquid binds the dough and makes it workable. Salt adds to the flavor of pie and pie filling. It also provides brown or golden color to crust. The secret ingredient prevents the formation of gluten strands in the pie crust, making it soft and flaky.\nIn this method, white flour is mixed with butter, chilled water and salt to form a mixture, which is well kneaded to form a dough. The dough is then shaped in the form of disc, cooled and divided forming 2 parts. Next dough is a baked in an oven, till the browning of crust. Fruity fillings are added to the pie crust for dressing and flavor enhancement.\n- More than 2 cups of flour\n- Half teaspoon of iodized salt\n- 1 cup of ice cold unsalted butter or shortening\n- 7 tbsp of ice cold water\n- 1 tbsp of secret ingredient i.e. sugar or lemon juice\n- Mulberry or blueberry\n- White sugar\n- Brown sugar\nMaterials and equipment required\n- Mixing bowl (heat resistant)\n- Pie plate of 1 to 9 inches\n- Sharply edged knife\n- Rolling pin\n- Microwave oven\n- Food processor\n- Stirring spoon\n- Plastic bags or wax paper\nStep 1: Mixing the dough\nFirstly, mix flour and salt in a large mixing bowl, which is thermally resistant. Thoroughly, stir flour and salt together in the bowl. Dough consists of gluten strands, which might bind together during the mixing process. In order to prevent bond formation, it is necessary to maintain the flour at a cool temperature. Hence chilled flour must be used.\nStep 2: Addition of chilled butter chunks\nCut the butter or shortening and pour it into the flour. Butter adds little moisture to the flour so that the dough gets well formed. The butter used for adding to flour mixture must also be chilled. Before mixing, chilled butter must be divided into large chunks to ease the combination process. The addition and mixing of fat is continued, until small and uniformly size chunks are distributed throughout the mix. Mixing of butter chunks into flour may be done using forks or pastry cutter. With the help of a food processor, the flour mixture is pulsed for 1-2 minutes, so that butter is divided into finer pieces inside the mix.\nIf in case, the workability of the mix is not as per specifications, it is advisable to stop the process of mixing at that point and insert the mixing bowl into fridge. This will enable the mixture to get chilled to a proper workable temperature.\nStep 3: Mixing in ice cold water, forming dough\nPour ice cold water in tablespoons into the bowl containing the dry mixture. Stir the contents gently using a stirring spoon. Pour water gradually in tablespoons in the mixture, with constant agitation. The final mixture should form a loose ball which should neither be too dry nor too wet. The dough must never be overworked, so that the final crust is flaky enough, but at the same time not too tough.\nStep 2: Dividing and shaping of dough\nPull the flour and knead the dough forming a ball. Then divide the ball into equal parts in order to make top crust and bottom crust. Place dough on flour smeared work surface. A clean and smooth surface is required for making a delicate and tender crust. Sprinkle 1-2 tbsp of floor on the top surface of dough. Spread out the edges with a rolling pin, so that balls get disc shaped.\nStep 3: Refrigeration\nCover the dough parts each with a plastic wrap. Chill the parts in the refrigerator till the time of rolling and baking. In order to preserve the dough for extensive period of time, a self sealing freezer can be used. Just before final application, the dough must be defrosted in the refrigerator for one night.\nIn order to preserve the dough for extensive period of time, a self sealing freezer can be used. Just before final application, the dough must be defrosted in the refrigerator for one night.\nStep 6: Transfer onto pie plate\nPrepare the rolling pie crust. One might use plastic bags or wax paper can be used for making a non stick barrier so that the dough could easily be rolled out. This will help the crust transfer safely on a pie plate.\nUse a pastry brush, outline the bottom crust’s perimeter with water. With the help of a fork, crimp upper and lower crusts. Use a sharp knife to scrape off excess dough.\nStep 7: Baking\nPreheat the oven to a temperature of 425°F. Place the pie plate inside the oven for heating. Trim the edges. Ideally, the pie crust is evenly textured with a width of about 0.3 cm.\nStep 7: Pie dressing\nFill the bottom crust with pie filling. Filling can be made from fresh fruits like blueberry or blackberry. Take fresh fruit and add white sugar and cornstarch for forming thickened paste. Then add cherry or peach. Cook the apples, rhubarb and crunchy fruits to add juicy constituents and soften the pie interior. Add bits of cinnamon and brown sugar to enhance taste and flavors. To make pumpkin or sweet potato filling, mix mashed pumpkin with sweetened condensed milk. The other ingredients added are cinnamon, clove, nutmeg and various other spices. Design and decorate the pie.\nBy adding alternative ingredients, many different versions of pie crusts could be prepared. The essential process is the same. A cookie pie crust may be made with the help of mixing molten butter to the dough and adding cookies to it. Gluten free pie dough can be made with the help of brown or white rice flour. Alternatively, one may also use sweet rice flour.\nDepending on the variety of ingredients present, there are other varieties of pie crust like\n- Olive oil pie crust\n- Almond flour pie crust\n- Gluten free pie crust\n- Sweet Dough pie crust\n- Apple pie crust\n- The dough should not be handled excessively or overworked. Else the crust formed will be too tough.\n- Water should be added gradually to the mixture.\n- In case the bottom crest becomes soggy, its baking must be done at a higher temperature. If baking temperature is too less, there is a chance the pie filling will start bubbling before the browning of crust. This will not allow bottom crust to be held firmly.\n- If the proportions of ingredients are not proper, the final pie crust formed will be crumbly.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The use of ingredients to enhance taste in beer is as old as its history. In general it is believed that the first beer was made or “discovered” by the Sumerians in Mesopotamia some 6000 years ago. It was also the time nomads started to create agricultural communities producing e.g. bread from the growing and breeding of grasses. Probably some wet or soaked bread started to ferment spontaneously and tasting the liquor, the drinkers found it very promising….\nBut it was already clear then that the primitive sugary partially low fermented liquor tasted very weak. Local tasty ingredients as honey, dates and some herbs were used to spice the beer.\nAnd ever since one has always been trying to improve taste and more interesting shelf life. In Medieval times in North-West Europe the use of a mixture of herbs (gruit or gruut) did partially the job. As beer making was not only a domestic occupation anymore monasteries and the first commercial brewers had to pay tax for the use of “gruut”. This right to put tax was sometimes given to the Church but also sold by the government to rich families. That is why the constitution of the blend of the different herbs was kept secret and often dried and mixed with malt It was in fact the first tax on beer in history.\nThe mean ingredients were bog myrtle or sweet gale (gagel), marsch or wild rosemary (moeras rozemarijn) and yarrow (duizendblad). The first two were growing in different location so it was the one or the other. Apart of those herbs a lot of other herbs (more than 100) were used even ones which were absolutely dangerous when used too much. Used along their appearance.\nGrowing of hops arises around 9th century in South Germany and Techy. It started to be popular in beer as from the 13th century. Beer made with hops had a much better shelf life and with increasing trade amongst the Hanza cities this beer was preferred by the trade. But it could only compete the “gruut” beer when also the hop beers were taxed (on demand of the trade). So there was no problem for the beneficiaries of the tax to change. Around that time beer making became also an important craft. And if money is to be made there are always crooks… Often tax was bypassed by using less, other or cheap ingredients. This led already in the 14th century to laws which were stipulating which ingredients to be used.\nIn 1516 the two Bavarian monarchs proclaimed the famous “Reinheitgebot” wherein was fixed that beer could only be made anymore with water, barley(malt) and hops. This law insured at the same time two purposes: a certain quality level and also a more easy way to tax the beer. This law claims to be the first food safety law in Europe. For sure the law also prohibited the import of “other” beers in Germany up into the 20th century. Certainly pilsener type brewers adapted the German law not only for export/import reasons but also from a marketing point of view.\nNowadays big adjunct brewers get strong competition of the Craft scene. A new attitude come along with the new interest in artisanal brewed beer. A lot of attention is paid to ingredients, not only a big choice in all kind of hops but also in malted cereals.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "STATE SONG: On April 24, 1979, \"Georgia on My Mind\" (music by Hoagy Carmichael and lyrics by Stuart Gorrell) was designated Georgia's official state song. It was performed on March 7, 1979, before the Georgia legislature by Georgia-native Ray Charles. Click here for song lyrics.\nGeorgia's state flag was adopted by the 2003 General Assembly. It is based on the first national flag of the Confederacy, the \"Stars and Bars,\" with the state coat of arms in gold in the center of a circle of thirteen stars, which represent Georgia and the original twelve other states that formed the United States. Beneath the coat of arms is the national motto: \"In God We Trust.\"\nThe great seal of Georgia was adopted by an act of the General Assembly in 1799. The commonly seen reverse of the seal depicts an arch with \"Constitution\" engraved on it, supported by three pillars emblematic of the three branches of government: legislative, judicial, and executive. The first pillar has engraved upon a scroll \"Wisdom,\" the second, \"Justice,\" and the third, \"Moderation.\" A uniformed man with a drawn sword, representing the aid of the military in defense of the Constitution, stands between the columns. The obverse of the seal depicts a ship with cotton and tobacco, and a man plowing, representing the seal's motto, \"Agriculture and Commerce.\" The date 1776 refers to the date of the Declaration of Independence.\nCOLONY: Founded by James Oglethorpe on February 12, 1733; 13th colony\nSTATEHOOD: January 2, 1788; 4th state\nCAPITAL: Atlanta, since 1868\nMOTTO: \"Wisdom, justice, and moderation\"\nNICKNAMES: Empire State of the South; Peach State\nTOTAL POPULATION: 8,186,453; 10th most populous in U.S. (as of 2000 census)\nLAND AREA: 57,906 sq. miles; 24th largest in U.S.\nCOASTLINE: 100 miles\nHIGHEST POINT: Brasstown Bald, 4,784 ft.\nLOWEST POINT: Sea level at the Atlantic Coast\nELECTORAL VOTES: 15 (as of the 2004 presidential election)\nU.S. CONGRESS: 2 senators; 13 representatives (as of the 2002 election)\nGOVERNOR: Nathan Deal", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Managing Linux permission can be tricky at times. Although it is possible to manage permission from GUI interface on most of Linux distributions, in this article we will go over basic CLI permission and ownership management of files and directories.\nKey commands that can help you manage the permissions and ownership of a file are chmod, chown, and chgrp. We will examine how to use those commands to change permissions along with the user and group that owns a specific file, or even a series of files.\nOne tip that can help you change the permissions on a series of files is the -R switch. It is the recursive switch for all three of these commands. In other words, if you specify the -R switch with any of the noted commands on a directory, it applies the changes recursively. The changes are applied to all files in that directory, including all subdirectories. Recursion means that the changes are also applied to files in each subdirectory, and so on.\nThe chmod Command\nThe chmod command uses the numeric value of permissions associated with the owner, group, and others. In Linux, permissions are assigned the following numeric values:\nr = 4, w = 2, and x = 1\nFor example, if we want to give read, write, and execute permissions on test1 to all users, you could run the chmod 777 test1 command. The chown and chgrp commands adjust the user and group owners associated with the cited file. The chmod command is flexible. You don’t always have to use numbers. For example, the following command sets execute permissions for the user owner of the test1 file:\n# chmod u+x test1\nNote how the u and the x follow the ugo/rwx format specified in the associated\nTo interpret, this command adds (with the plus sign) for the user owner of the file (with the u) execute permissions (with the x). These symbols can be combined. For example, the following command disables write permissions for the group owner and all other users on the local file named special:\n# chmod go-w test1\nWhile you can use all three user types in the chmod command, it’s not necessary. The following command makes the noted file executable by all users:\n# chmod +x test1\nFor the SUID, SGID, and sticky bits, some special options are available. If you choose to use numeric bits, those special bits are assigned numeric values as well, where SUID=4, SGID=2, and sticky bit=1. For example, the following command configures the SUID bit. It includes rwx permissions for the user owner, rx permission for the group owner, and r permissions for other users, on the file named test1:\n# chmod 4764 test1\nIf you’d rather use the ugo/rwx format, the following command activates the SGID bit for the local test1 file:\n# chmod g+s test1\nAnd the following command turns on the sticky bit for the /test directory:\n# chmod o+t /test\nWhile the chmod command described assumes changes are made by the root administrative user, that’s not always required. The user owner of a file is allowed to change the permissions associated with that file.\nThe chown Command\nThe chown command can be used to modify the user that owns a file. For example, take a look at the ownership of a file based on the ls -l command:\n-rw-r–r–. 1 usr1 gr1 8544502 Oct 2 4:07 test1\nThe user owner of this file is usr1; the group owner of this file is gr1.\nThe chown command shown changes the user owner to user urs2:\n# chown usr2 test1\nYou can do more with chown; for example, the following command changes both the user and group owner of the noted file to user usr3 and group gr3, assuming that user and group already exists.\n# chown usr3.gr3 test1\nThe chgrp Command\nYou can change the group owner of a file with the chgrp command. For example, the following command changes the group owner of the noted dirtest directory to the group named gr2 (assuming it exists):\n# chgrp gr2 dirtest", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Improving Mathematics Achievement in the New Normal Education System Using Genyo E-Learning\nKeywords:Genyo E-Learning; Convention Virtual Lecture Method; Online Distance Learning\nMathematics as a discipline effectively learned when teacher-assisted instruction is present has now aided with computer-assisted learning. This study assessed the effectiveness of Genyo-E-Learning in Online Distance Learning through a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. Pupils have matched accordingly with their Mathematics grades in the third-grading period. Pretest underwent KR20 and Levene’s Test of Homogeneity of Variance to see if the covariate is reliable and groups are at the same level. As shown in the Schema of Classes, the researcher designed two lesson outlines with different structures for the intact groups covering the topic: Circumference of a Circle. The lesson for the Control Group was delivered through the Conventional Virtual Lecture Method, while the Experimental Group had Genyo E-Learning as an aid for transmission. The post-test scores were the basis as to what group the significant difference favors. Post-tests were treated with ANCOVA at a 0.05 significance level. The researcher used the National Achievement Test Descriptive Equivalence Table to determine groups' mastery level and used the Evaluation Form on the Excerpts of Online Classes to evaluate the degree of pupils' interactivity toward the lesson. Mathematics Achievement of pupils taught with Genyo E-Learning is greater than that of Conventional Virtual Lecture Method teaching and rated Very Satisfactorily and Satisfactorily respectively based on Interactivity Evaluation. More pupils from the Experimental Group achieved Mastered Level based on the Achievement Level Scale. Genyo E-Learning Systems could improve Mathematics Achievement in the New Normal Education System.\nAldiab, A., Chowdhury, H., Kootsookos, A., Alam, F., & Allhibi, H. (2019). Utilization of Learning Management Systems (LMSs) in higher education system: A case review for Saudi Arabia. Energy Procedia, 160, 731-737. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3scu5PA\nAliyyah, R. R., Rachmadtullah, R., Samsudin, A., Syaodih, E., Nurtanto, M., & Tambunan, A. R. S. (2020). The perceptions of primary school teachers of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic period: A case study in Indonesia. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 7(2), 90-109. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3sczRkm\nAlshorman, B. A., & Bawaneh, A. K. (2018). Attitudes of Faculty Members and Students towards the Use of the Learning Management System in Teaching and Learning. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 17(3), 1-15. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3lZLdqC\nAyd?n, M.K., & Semerci, A. (2017). Ö?retmenlerin BIT tutumlar? ölçe?inin geli?tirilmesi [Developing teachers' ICT attitudes scale]. Milli E?itim Dergisi, 46 (213), 155-176. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2Xt6A9T\nCapacio, L. J. A., Celesio, G. A., & Naparan, G. B. (2021). Teachers’ Experiences in Online Teaching and Learning Modality. Edline: Journal of Education and Learning Innovation, 1(1). Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3tWLvQv\nCetinkaya, L. (2017). An Educational Technology Tool That Developed in the Natural Flow of Life among Students: WhatsApp. International Journal of Progressive Education, 13(2), 29-47. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3iHsTk3\nCiroma, Z. I. (2014). ICT and education: Issues and challenges. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(26), 98-98. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3yLb6OC\nChakraborty, M. (2017). Learner engagement strategies in online class environment. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3nJPnC1\nDerntl, M., & Motschnig-Pitrik, R. (2005). The role of structure, patterns, and people in blended learning. The Internet and Higher Education, 8(2), 111-130. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3AIXgN5\nFindik-Co?kunçay, D., Alki?, N., & Özkan-Yildirim, S. (2018). A structural model for students' adoption of learning management systems: An empirical investigation in the higher education context. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 21(2), 13-27. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3jSs2fN\nHonculada, J. R., & Naparan, G. B. (2020). The Lived Experiences Of SEAMEO Innotech Guro21 Graduates. International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education, 2(2), 91-120. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3tnVRI4\nHortal, M. K. A. (2021). ELECTRONIC LEARNING: A TOOL FOR GRAMMAR AND WRITING DISCUSSION. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 7(7), 136-140. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/37FfMJS\nJoshi, D. R. (2017). Influence of ICT in mathematics teaching. International Journal For Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field, 3(1), 7-11. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/37I5jNL\nKwok, A. (2021). Managing classroom management preparation in teacher education. Teachers and Teaching, 1-17.Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2VUkHnS\nMafikasari, A., Henri Fatkurochman, S. S., & Nurkamilah, M. P. A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF ICT-BASED EFL CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3iHAvmH\nMazana, Y. M., Suero Montero, C., & Olifage, C. R. (2019). Investigating students' attitude towards learning mathematics. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2UfTBHf\nMoorhouse, B. L., Li, Y., & Walsh, S. (2021). E-classroom interactional competencies: Mediating and assisting language learning during synchronous online lessons. RELC Journal, 0033688220985274. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3iKkkFn\nNgussa, B. M., & Mbuti, E. E. (2017). The Influence of Humour on Learners’ Attitude and Mathematics Achievement: A Case of Secondary Schools in Arusha City, Tanzania. Journal of Educational Research, 2(3), 170 -181. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3yMuxqb\nPloj Virtic, M., Dolenc, K., & Šorgo, A. (2021). Changes in Online Distance Learning Behaviour of University Students during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak, and Development of the Model of Forced Distance Online Learning Preferences. European Journal of Educational Research, 10(1), 393-411. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3fYSjrU\nRabiman, R., Nurtanto, M., & Kholifah, N. (2020). Design and Development E-Learning System by Learning Management System (LMS) in Vocational Education. Online Submission, 9(1), 1059-1063. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/37I0DHY\nSantiago, J. C., Aguja, S. E., & Prudente, M. S. (2017). Students’ Understanding of Genetics Through Blended Learning Activities. Advanced Science Letters, 23(2), 869-872. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2SoJvT8\nSebial, S. C. (2017). Improving mathematics achievement and attitude of the grade 10 students using Dynamic Geometry Software (DGS) and Computer Algebra Systems (CAS). International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN, 2348-3164. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2QzFydG\nSimanullang, N. H. S., & Rajagukguk, J. (2020, February). Learning Management System (LMS) Based On Moodle To Improve Students Learning Activity. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1462, No. 1, p. 012067). IOP Publishing. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3yJypII\nSutrisno, S., Andre, H. L., & Susilawati, S. (2021, February). The Analysis of the Facilities and ICT Applications Usage by the University’s Students. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1793, No. 1, p. 012050). IOP Publishing. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3AB2A5e\nSyyeda, F. B. (2021). Mathematical identity: an investigation into the learning journeys of adult learners (Doctoral dissertation, University of Leicester). Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2VVjnRV\nUsak, M., Masalimova, A. R., Cherdymova, E. I., & Shaidullina, A. R. (2020). New playmaker in science education: COVID19. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 19(2), 180-185. https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/20.19.180 . Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3jUjfd8\nWaluyo, B. (2020). Learning outcomes of a general English course implementing multiple e-learning technologies and active learning concepts. Journal of Asia TEFL, 17(1), 160. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3m0u8wY\nHow to Cite\nCopyright (c) 2021 Leadean Jay Capacio\nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.\nContent Licensing, Copyright, and Permissions\nInternational Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education has CC-BY NC or an equivalent license as the optimal license for the publication, distribution, use, and reuse of scholarly work for non-commercial purpose. 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No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education.\nThis agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by This agreement can be terminated by the author or International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education or its sublicensee.\nInternational Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education will publish the article (or have it published) in the journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, referencing and usage that it deems appropriate. 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{"text": "The Story of Jandamarra\nJandamarra, or \"Pigeon\" as he is often called, was an infamous \"outlaw\" in the 1890s.\nDuring that time the European settlers were opening up large parts of the Kimberley. In the process Aboriginal people were driven from their lands, or worse, rounded up, deprived of their freedom and forced to work on the newly established cattle stations.\nAboriginals also could not hunt on their land any more like they used to. The only alternative were of course the new animals the settlers had brought in...\nIf Aboriginals were caught spearing the sheep or cattle of the settlers, they were chained around the neck, marched to Derby, and forced to work there in chains.\nPigeon belonged to the Bunuba tribe and grew up and lived in the Oscar and Napier Ranges.\nThrough his contact with European settlers—he worked on cattle stations and was also jailed for spearing cattle—he became an excellent horseman and marksman. But because of his jail term he was not fully trained in his own tribal law... The jail time had interrupted that education.\nHe broke the strict kinship rules of the Bunuba by having sexual relations with prohibited women and was banished from his tribal society.\nLeft out alone he turned to the Europeans, became friends with Police Constable Richardson and started working as a tracker for the police.\nOn one of their patrols in the Napier Range Richardson and Jandamarra captured a large group of Bunuba, Jandamarra's kinsmen and women. The group was held at Lillimura Police Post for a few days. And even though he had helped capturing the group, Jandamarra was now overcome by remorse as his tribal roots got the better of him.\nAnd Pigeon shot Richardson, set the group free, stole some weapons and disappeared.\nNovember 10, 1894 marks the first organised attack that used guns against Europeans. Pigeon and his men ambushed a group of of five settlers who were driving cattle into Bunuba land to set up a large station. Two of the settlers, Burke and Gibbs, were killed at Windjana Gorge.\nIn late 1894 Europeans thought they had won a victory. A group of thirty police and settlers attacked Jandamarra and his band at Windjana Gorge. Jandamarra was seriously wounded and thought dead.\nThen the police continued their operation, raiding the Aboriginal camps in the Fitzroy Crossing area and killing many, even though none of those Aboriginals were known to have anything to do with Jandamarra...\nBut Jandamarra sure wasn't dead yet. He recovered and for the next three years defended his land and people against the white intruders. His ability to appear out of nowhere and disappear without a trace became legend.\nOnce a police patrol followed him to his Tunnel Creek hideout (The \"Cave of Bats\"). Or so they thought. While they were at Tunnel Creek, Jandamarra was actually raiding THEIR base, the Lillimura Police Post.\nAboriginal people were in awe of Pigeon, a man of magical powers who could \"fly like a bird and disappear like a ghost\". They were convinced that he was immortal, that the only person who could kill him would have to be an Aboriginal person with similar magical powers.\nIt seems Micki was that person...\nMicki was a black tracker whom the police had recruited in the Pilbara. And he WAS said to possess magical powers as well, and he did not fear Pigeon.\nWith the help of Micki the police managed to track down Jandamarra at Tunnel Creek on April 1, 1897. Jandamarra was killed in the shoot out, and another battle for Aboriginal lands came to an end.\nThe Pigeon Heritage Trail is a self drive trail that follows the story of Jandamarra. The drive begins in Derby, taking in the Old Goal and the Pioneer Cemetery. It follows the places connected with Pigeon's operations, like Lillimura Police Post, and eventually takes you to to Windjana Gorge and Tunnel Creek. You can get the necesary information and brochures from the Derby Visitor Centre.\nBack to Derby page\nReturn to Tunnel Creek National Park", "label": "No"}
{"text": "People's clothing customs and traditions aztec civilization: agriculture & farming aztec and mayan differences more articles inca geography: the incans gave their empire the name, 'land of the four quarters' or the tahuantinsuyu empire. Geography the western side of while the people of tenochtitlan were celebrating the few spaniards who were not able to escape and were killed the death of aztec tenochtitlan, the life of mexico city austin: university of texas press 2015. The aztec empire flourished between c 1345 and 1521 ce and, at its greatest extent, covered most of northern mesoamerica aztec warriors were able. The aztec environment the aztec people lived in the valley of mexico located in south-central mexico the valley is approximately 7,000 feet above sea level and is surrounded by high mountains on all but the northern side. Toltec civilization the aztecs were strongly influenced by a culture that rose to power in the valley of mexico this culture was called toltec, and they rose to power after the collapse of teotihuacan. These elements of the aztec environment provided to be a muse to other aspects of their everyday lives the aztec people had diverse architectural styles team project americas group history of civilization since 1500 dr breuer university of texas @ arlington.\nThe aztec geography was very unique entertainment in the jazz age at the time of spanish conquests a history and geography of aztec people. Rather than start a war other tribes a history and geography of aztec people were living in the area schmal the aztec empire of 1519 was the most powerful mesoamerican kingdom of the rise leadership and don the essays on squatter of the aztec a history and geography of aztec people empire. How did geography influence the societies of the aztec and the spanish the aztec mexico is a land of great diversity how did geography and history affect the worldviews of the aztec and the spanish 229. Events and people into major eras to identify and explain historical relationships related to the study of history (h7) geography from the olmecs to the aztecs by michael d coe maps of mexico library and internet access. History 10 fascinating facts about the aztecs gregory myers february 21 elbows, knees and hips ( harner estimated that roughly 20,000 people were ritually sacrificed by the aztecs every year the people who were.\nCommon people, terrace farming, specialized professions, royals and nobility this unit explores the rise and fall of the aztec empire it includes geography, place of the prickly pear cactus, human-environment interaction incas, mayas, aztecs. Aztec social organization the people of tenochtitl n were divided into numerous clan he notes that tlatelolco was a trade city and that the union of these two cities made the site of tenochtitlan-tlatelolco the economic and political center of the history of aztec capital. The aztecs were an indian people who began as a migrant tribe geography of the ancient aztecs (2004, november 29) in writeworkcom retrieved 13:13, march 15, 2018 more central & southamerican history essays. History : the world of the aztecs quiz quiz theme/title: the world of the aztecs description/instructions one of the most ancient civilizations in north america was the aztecs they had their own calendar and government system, raised grand cities, and held power over a vast empire.\nClimate overview : aztec, new mexico, gets 11 inches of rain per year the us average is 39 snowfall is 14 inches the average us city gets 26 inches of snow per year the people are very friendly schools are great i would recommend. Find and save ideas about mayan empire map on pinterest | see more ideas about mayan location, aztec geography and culture of mexico. The excavation of a sacred pyramid is turning up clues to the empire's bloody rituals but so far, no sign of its most feared emperor.\nChapter 7 how did geography and history affect the worldviews of the aztec and the spanish the aztec and the spanish of 1500 had very different worldviews. History 25 unbelievable facts about the aztecs that might surprise you ok, they did a whole bunch of other things too as the last great native american civilization these are 25 unbelievable facts about the aztecs that might it is believed that nearly a quarter million people died. Unit 9 - aztecs & incas people in aztec society had clearly defined roles these roles, along with social class, determined how aztec men and women lived passing down aztec history and stories to keep their tradition alive. The aztec capital city was tenochtitlan, nowadays mexico city they were surrounded by mountains and they literally lived in the middle of a lake.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This species is known from northern and southern Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea. It occurs up to 1,000m asl.\nHabitat and Ecology\nThis species inhabits tropical rainforest, and can also survive in degraded habitats such as rural villages, plantations and degraded forest. It is a species that breeds by direct development and lays its eggs on the ground.\nIt is a common species.\nThere are unlikely to be any threats to this species.\nThe distribution on Bougainville and other islands needs to be documented, and the population status needs to be assessed. It is not known from any protected areas.\nRed List Status\nLeast Concern (LC)\nListed as Least Concern since, although its Extent of Occurrence is probably less than 20,000 km2, it is common and adaptable with a presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.\nFred Parker, Stephen Richards 2004. Cornufer minutus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004: e.T58237A11755849. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58237A11755849.en .Downloaded on 11 December 2018", "label": "No"}
{"text": "04 May Preventing Welding Flashback\nPreventing Welding Flashback\nOxy-acetylene torches have been used for many years for cutting, welding, brazing, and heating of metals. The equipment used today is safe, but every year, hundreds of employees are injured or die as a result of improper use. Knowledge and precautions can prevent fires and violent explosions.\nGas Pressure: One cause of fires and explosions is high acetylene pressure. When more than 15 pounds of pressure is used, acetylene becomes unstable and decomposes explosively. This is the major reason for using other fuel gases such as MAPP, propylene, propane, and natural gas which may be safely used at higher operating pressures.\nBurnback: If your oxygen cylinder is low or empty, reverse flow of gas may occur. The fuel gas, being at a higher pressure, can travel up the oxygen line and mix with gas in the hose, regulator and cylinder. If you light your torch without purging the lines, a burnback may occur with explosions in the hose, regulator, or cylinder.\nBackfire: The same thing can happen with high oxygen pressure and low fuel gas pressure if a backfire occurs, which is usually caused by holding the cutting torch too close to your work. This causes gas starvation of the cutting flame and results in the flame being sucked into the torch head. Usually, you will hear a popping sound that turns to a whistle when this happens.\nFlashback: When a backfire takes place in a mixing chamber, unless you shut off the oxygen valve, the flame burning in the torch head may ignite gases in the hoses and result in a flashback. A flashback is an explosion that progresses through the torch, hoses, regulators, and into the cylinders. The consequence can range from a burst hose to a violent explosion of the regulator and cylinders.\nThere are several things you can do to help prevent flashbacks, fires and explosions:\n- If using acetylene, keep the pressure below 15 pounds.\n- Purge your hoses before lighting the torch.\n- Never light your torch with a mixture of fuel and oxygen. After purging the lines, light the torch with only the fuel gas valve open.\n- Check valves should be installed on both torch inlets and operating properly. Check valves can stop the reverse flow of gases, but will not prevent flashbacks.\n- To prevent flashbacks, flashback arrestors must be installed on the outlets of both regulators, and/or torch inlets.\nCheck The Torch: How can you tell if the torch you are using has flashback arrestors and check valves? If you look at the torch you will notice a small cylindrical valve on each inlet with the hoses screwed onto this valve instead of hooked directly to the torch. Most of these valves are combination flashback/check valves and will say so on the valve body. Often, combination valves are also installed on regulator outlets.\nBefore welding, take time to inspect the equipment you will be using to be sure check valves and flashback arrestors have been installed. This precaution can prevent a deadly cylinder explosion.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Measurement Tool 2, the person conducting the producibility measurement\ndetermines that each board has six elements - RF, digital, etc. By taking the\nsixth root of .85 (each root representing a unique independent element) it is\nfound that the average first-time yield of each element of the board must be\n.97327 or 97.327% to meet the specified 85% goal of the board.\nSimilarly, if the six elements of the board each have four components, then\nthe fourth root of .97327 is taken and the first-time yield of each component\nmust average .9932 or 99.32% to meet the 85% goal of the board.\nWorked another way; six elements of the board x four components per element\n= 24 opportunities for defects. The required component level yield is then\nfound by taking the 24th root of the 85% overall goal of the board which would\nbe .9932. In other words, if all the components were to exhibit a first-time\nyield of 99.32%, we could expect a first-time board yield of", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In physics a black body is a theoretical object without reflective properties. When it is heated it emits visible wavelengths dependant on temperature. It glows red, orange, yellow, white and finally blue with increased temperature. Stated in Kelvin, the “Color Temperature” is the absolute temperature required for the black body to radiate a certain color.\nKelvin is an absolute measure of temperature. A single Kelvin (K) (not expressed with a degree symbol) has the same interval as degree Celsius however 0K = -273.25°C.\nOur eyes automatically compensate for color temperature. A page of a book can look equally white in daylight at midday and in tungsten light in the evening. However when recording an image on camera without adjustment, the same page can look blue in daylight or yellow in tungsten light. In order to get an accurate rendition of what you experience in person, it is critical to adjust for the color temperature of the ambient light. When using film the adjustment is made by selecting the correct physical media.\nIn practical terms cameras are set to either Daylight/Outside (approx.5600K) or Tungsten/Inside (approx.3200K). In order for white objects to appear white it is important to light the objects with the appropriate lighting source. It is possible to adjust the color temperature of a lighting source by the use of filters. A blue filter can be used to adjust a tungsten source to produce daylight. And a yellow filter can be used to adjust a daylight source to produce tungsten light. A wide range of color correction filters exist to balance most common light sources to appear the same on camera.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "S ocial self-efficacy in the real world offline is negatively related with the degree of game addiction, whereas social self-efficacy in the virtual world online indicated a positive association.\nThey are the discriminating elements of handwriting. Use of mobile media starts young: What has been commonly and frequently referred to characteristics or writing features, or qualities are simplified manifestations of the habits formed. Therefore, it is rather recommended to pay more attention to teaching the lower case letters.\nAdolescents who expose themselves to greater amounts of video game violence were more hostile, reported getting into arguments with teachers more frequently, were more likely to be involved in physical fights, and performed more poorly in school Gentile et.\nBelow you can find a number of links to D'Nealian handwriting practice worksheets to use for teaching your children this format. The Nelson Handwriting Font software is available as a one-off purchase here. A data analytics company, Flurry, has conducted a study that found a percent increase in the number of mobile addicts over the last year.\nFun warm-up videos to help get children ready for writing.\nThis case report exemplifies the sequelae of IGD, reviews the possible mechanisms of behavioral addiction, as well as the status of IGD as a potential subcategory of behavioral addiction.\nThere are 28 weeks of lesson plans. Phil Zimbardo, a psychology professor at Stanford University, discussed the demise of guys, stating that boys are flaming out academically and wiping out socially with girls and sexually with women.\nThe results from a study examining the impact of twitter use on relationship fidelity and divorce suggest that active Twitter use leads to greater amounts of Twitter-related conflict among romantic partners, which in turn leads to infidelity, breakup, and divorce Clayton, A Handwriting Identification: Impact Statement The past decade has seen a profound increase in use of entertainment technology by children, some as young as one month of age.\nBook your place Q: Online teaching software screens for every unit from Reception to Y4. The majority of mass shooters were either taking, or strongly suspected of taking, mind-altering psychiatric drugs.\nThe screen viewing pathway compete with social pathways, negatively affecting the social brain pathways, resulting in global developmental delay Heffler A study on the effect of background television on the quantity and quality of parental speech directed at toddlers has found that background TV reduced words per minute, utterances per minute, and number of new words Pempek et.Written to meet today’s higher standards, Nelson English Skills offers a flexible, whole-school solution for mastering comprehension, handwriting, spelling and grammar.\nPrepares children for the SATs and national assessments with curriculum-matched resources and practice test papers; Includes effective assessment with regular check-ups to keep children on track.\nThe Miss Nelson is Missing packet, includes a variety of writing, language arts and reading activites. Plus some adorable \"craftivities\" to review even more standards. Plus some adorable \"craftivities\" to review even more standards.\nJun 21, · Nelson Handwriting author, Anita Warwick, provides lots of warm-up exercises you can do at the start of your Nelson Handwriting lessons. With thanks to the pupils and staff at.\nBelow, you will find a large assortment of various handwriting practice worksheets which are all free to print. Some of the icons link to new pages of worksheets, such. Your kids will enjoy completing these printable Groundhog Day activities during your winter homeschooling!\nWell, you can᾿t go far wrong with Nelson Handwriting – an awesome programme that ticks all the boxes without an ‘apptivity’ in sight. It bends over backwards to make the teaching, learning and assessment as smooth as possible – not an easy task given that handwriting is a road full of twists, turns, red lights, speed cameras and pot holes.Download", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Anthropology of Media\nCommunicating Conflict in the Daily News\n216 pages, 3 illus., bibliog., index\nISBN 978-1-84545-579-8 $120.00/£85.00 Hb Published (May 2009)\nISBN 978-0-85745-156-9 $29.95/£21.00 Pb Published (November 2011)\neISBN 978-1-84545-915-4 eBook\n“...Extensively referenced, this is a book for communication theorists and anthropologists.” · Choice\n“…an intriguing read which can broaden the perception of the news media and stir class debates as well as suggest further academic research…[It] is a complex academic work…[offering] suitable and inspiring reading for postgraduate students and scholars.” · Media, Culture & Society\nNews stories provide an essential confirmation of our ideas about who we are, what we have to fear, and what to do about it: a marketplace of ideas, shopped by rational citizen decision makers but also a shared resource for grounding our contested narratives of identity in objective reality. News as a fundamental social process comes into being not when an event takes place or when a report of the event is created but when that report becomes news to someone. As it moves off the page into the community, news discovers - through its interpretations - its reality in the lives of the consumers. This book explores the path of news as it moves through the tangled labyrinth of social identities and asserted interests that lie beyond the page or screen. The language and communication-oriented study of news promises a salient area of investigation, pointing the way to an expansion, if not a redefinition of basic anthropological ideas and practices of ethnography, participant observation, and “the field” in the future of anthropological research.\nAndrew Arno’s degrees include a JD from The University of Texas at Austin and a PhD in Anthropology from Harvard University. Currently, he is a Professor and Graduate Chair in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Hawai‘i. His research and publications focus on communication about conflict. His publications include The World of Talk on a Fijian Island: An Ethnography of Law and Communicative Causation (Ablex, 1993) and The News Media in National and International Conflict, edited with Wimal Dissanayake (Westview, 1984).\nSubject: Media Studies Peace & Conflict Studies General Anthropology\nChapter 1. News and the Anthropology of Conflict Communication\nChapter 2. The Dark Side of the News: News as Control Communication\nChapter 3. Two Theories of News: The Civic Model and the Conflict Discourse Systems Model\nChapter 4. The News Act: News Analysis and Semiotic Theory\nChapter 5. News and Law as Conflict Communication Systems\nChapter 6. News in Extra-Textual Terrain\nChapter 7. Policy Talk: In Law, the Street, and on Television\nChapter 8. Order, Disorder, and the News Media in Western Society: Whose Side are they On?\nFigures 1, 2, and 3\nBack to Top", "label": "No"}
{"text": "10 Amazing Ways Colors Have Been Significant In History\nHumans love color. It affects our moods, attracts our attention, defines our culture. We use it in our national identities, and we’ll spend weeks agonizing over swaths of it for our kitchen. Our visual sense is often our strongest, and color has been an important part of our existence from our very earliest history. Sometimes a color can change the world, for good or for evil, or be associated with some of our greatest events or customs.\n10Color-Coded Saints Changed The Meaning Of Blue\nIn 431, the Catholic Church assigned color to its various saints, with Mary the mother of Jesus receiving the color of blue. Blue was an expensive and rare dye, perfect for religious use. Over time, Mary’s blue became what we’d recognize today as navy blue, and its association with Mary meant blue took on a meaning of trustworthiness and innocence and also led to its use in police and military uniforms.\nWith time, that color is now associated with authority (or even authoritarianism) more than it is with Mary or trustworthiness. Because of this, the United Nations specifically adopted a lighter shade of blue when it designed uniforms for its peacekeeping troops.\n9Color Tv Changed American Politics\nIn 1976, the NBC network, which was the first fully colored network, chose a color-coded, illuminated map used to distinguish which states had voted for which party in the presidential race: blue if the states had voted for Republican Gerald Ford and red if for Democrat Jimmy Carter. Eventually, other networks used similar devices, but in the 1980 election, there was no standard. On one channel Reagan voting states would be blue, but on others red.\nIt wasn’t until the heated 2000 election, when calling a state for either candidate was a long and suspenseful process, that a standard color scheme developed across the board. Red was assigned to Republican candidate George W. Bush and blue to the Democratic candidate Al Gore. “Red states” and “blue states” were born, and those monikers have been used increasingly ever since in the American political landscape.\n8Purple Proof Of Royalty\nIn the Mediterranean, a sea snail, Bolinus brandaris, has a mucus that can be used to produce a purple dye. It would take some 250,000 poor sea snails to make just one ounce of this purple. Yet this was the only source of purple dye in the ancient world, so the color was very expensive. A pound of purple wool cost more than an average year’s wage at the time. It became status symbol for the rich and powerful. Ancient Rome, Egypt, and Persia all associated the color with royalty. Purple was prized greatly in the Byzantine Empire, where rulers wore purple, signed edicts in purple ink, and even their children were considered “born in the purple.”\nThe association continued to England, where during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, it was forbidden for anyone not in the immediate royal family to wear the color. This monopoly mostly continued until 1856, when an 18-year-old chemist named William Henry Perkins accidentally created a synthetic purple dye while trying to make an anti-malaria drug. For thousands of years, purple defined governments and status, divine right, and rulership, and now, we can casually throw on a purple scarf before jogging to the corner shop.\n7Pink As A Color Of Support\nPink as a symbol for the fight against breast cancer can be traced back to a different color entirely. It began with a yellow ribbon used by Penny Laingen as a symbol of awareness and support for her husband during the Iran hostage crisis in 1979. A decade later, an activist group called Visual AIDS used a red ribbon as a way to raise similar awareness and support. From there, every charity used their own color of ribbon to support different causes, so much so that The New York Times labeled 1992 as the “Year of the Ribbon.”\nOne important result was the Pink Ribbon as a symbol in raising awareness of and support for those suffering through breast cancer. In many ways, it is the most successful movement of its kind, and its footprint can be seen the world over. Firefighters are wearing pink, the NFL is sporting the color, and even moving trucks and cranes are painted.\n6Orange Varnish Makes Music Worth Millions\nAntonio Stradivari is perhaps the most well-known instrument maker in history. From the late 1600s to the early 1700s, he crafted some of the most beautiful and sought-after instruments ever made. Some of his work sells for tens of millions at auction.\nOne defining feature of his violins is the brilliant orange varnish used in their construction. While it would be an oversimplification to attribute the quality of a Stradivari violin solely to the varnish, it has long been thought that his unique varnish provided a critical piece to the puzzle. More evidence of his talent lies in the recent discovery that his orange varnish recipe contains common materials, easily available to other instrument makers of the time. Yet none of his peers’ work remains as timeless and unforgettably beautiful as the music made from the orange violins of Stradivari.\n5International Orange Defines A City\nIn the 1930s, bridges were traditionally black, gray, or maybe silver to spice things up. But things were changing in San Francisco. The largest suspension bridge ever built was being constructed over the Golden Gate Strait, and the consulting architect on the project Irving Morrow, who designed the bridge’s iconic styling and lighting, also had a thought on the color.\n“The Golden Gate Bridge is one of the greatest monuments of all time.” He said, “Its unprecedented size and scale, along with its grace of form and independence of conception, all call for unique and unconventional treatment from every point of view. What has been thus played up in form should not be let down in color.”\nInspired by the red steel primer used on the project, Morrow began extensive color studies with engineers, painters, sculptors, and other architects. The result of this collaboration was the color International Orange. The orange has come to define one of the most recognizable landmarks in the world, as well as the city it resides in.\n4Yellow Topples A Tyrant\nFerdinand Marcos’s dictatorial rule of the Philippines was resisted by opposition leader Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino, whose favorite color was yellow. When Ninoy Aquino was shot and killed in 1983, his supporters took their cue from the song “Tie a Yellow Ribbon ‘Round the Old Oak Tree” and used yellow ribbons as a memorial and show of support all around the airport where he died.\nFrom then on yellow became the color of the revolution. The opposition united behind Ninoy’s widow Corazon Aquino, who wore a yellow dress while campaigning against Marcos. When warned that this yellow dress made her an easy target, she replied, “When Ninoy died, I lost my fear.” From there, yellow began appearing in everything associated with the revolution: T-shirts, banners, flags, caps, and even toilet paper sported the common color.\nMore and more elements of the military and government backed Aquino, and the entire movement culminated in a three-day rally of some two million participants. Eventually, support for Aquino reached a point where Marcos was forced to cede control of the government and leave the country. Aquino was elected president in 1986. During the entire revolution, not a single shot was fired. Though formally called the People’s Party Revolution, another popular name is the Yellow Revolution.\n3White’s Role In Combat\nIn the Second Punic War between the Roman and Carthaginian Empires, a Carthaginian ship was reported to display white wool and olive branches to signal its wish to surrender. This practice continued into 69, where a white banner was again used to broadcast a wish to parley in the Second Battle of Cremona. Soon, the white flag became well established in the Western world as a sign of surrender. Interestingly, the practice also arose independent of the West in the first to third century in China during the Eastern Han Dynasty.\nThough often used as a sign of surrender, the white flag has also been used to indicate non-combatants, such as medieval Heralds, who carried white standards to make sure they weren’t mistaken for soldiers. The white flag has become so predominate in the world stage that many treaties and countries have forbade its misuse and defined such abuse as a war crime.\n2A Morbid Brown Creates Cultural Heritage\nMasterpieces of art such as The Last Sleep of Arthur in Avalon by Edward Burne-Jones and Martin Drolling’s L’interieur d’une cuisine share a disturbing fact in common. Both were painted using dead people.\nBy the 16th century, the export and misuse of mummies had become a thriving business. The corpses were used as attractions or ground into powder for medicine or even as paint. “Mummy Brown” was used for centuries and was still produced even as recently as 1964. As a paint, it received mixed reviews. Some claimed, “it flows from the brush with a delightful freedom and evenness” and provides “thin films that are extremely lovely and enjoyable,” while others held the practice to be distasteful.\nThose in disgust seemed to be the majority. When Edward Burne-Jones learned of the grisly origin of his paint, his widow reported, “he left us at once, hastened to the studio, and returning with the only tube he had, insisted on our giving it decent burial there and then. So a hole was bored in the green grass at our feet, and we all watched it put safely in, and the spot was marked by one of the girls planting a daisy root above it.”\n1A Green Poisoned Napoleon Bonaparte\nThe cause of Napoleon’s death has been hotly debated. Was it a stomach ulcer? Arsenic exposure? Evidence for the latter can be found when studying samples of the wallpaper of Longwood, Napoleon’s prison home while in exile.\nIn the 18th century, a new pigment of green was devised and named Scheele’s Green, after its creator. This pigment made heavy use of arsenic and was present in the wallpaper Napoleon was surrounded by in his final years. Both samples of the wallpaper and Napoleon’s own hair have been tested and found to contain arsenic. In a high temperature, damp room, the wallpaper could well release enough arsenic to account for what was found in Napoleon’s hair, but we’ll never say for sure if it was the color green that killed him.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This free one year kid’s devotional study thru the Bible is designed to hit the highlights, provide practical application and requires no preparation. If you have a little more time, I encourage you to read the whole section of scripture (Luke 12) while we focus in on just a few verses in 5 minutes.\nBackground: Luke the doctor was a missionary companion of the apostle Paul. He wrote the book of Acts also. He focuses this account of the life of Jesus on His humanity and how Jesus understands our weaknesses and cares about every need that we have.\nJesus addressed the fear that His followers had over those who were their enemies. He told them something about God’s care for them that they didn’t understand.\nAsk the children…\nWhat did Jesus ask Peter?\n“But who do you say I am?” (Luke 9:20)\nHow did Peter respond?\n“You are the Messiah[d] sent from God!” (Luke 9:21)\nPeter had finally got it. Jesus was not what all these other people were guessing. He was the Messiah that had been prophesied in the Old Testament that God would send to heal the broken hearted and to set the captives free. This was not an even an extraordinary man, but God Himself come to earth.\nAsk your children who they say Jesus is? Ask them how this makes their lives different every day? Talk to Jesus about this and ask Him to reveal more of what it means that He is the Messiah who has come to live in our hearts.\nIf you like what you read about ways to teach children the Bible, check out the children’s book, Hooked on the Book, on this website. It is great for parents and kids because it provides the Big Story of God’s miraculous plan for His children in all 66 books in the Bible. CHECK OUT A FREE SAMPLE OF CHAPTER ONE BELOW.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In the current era, it is clear that new modes of production are concomitant with new modes of distribution, which advances the field of logistics, the science of physical distribution or even supply chain management. Although logistics represents a whole system of space/time interdependencies, we believe that the discussion of its history and chronological evolution of supply chain still requires extensive studies to explore its origin and its advance in time, from a new point of view.\nLogistics was first applied and recognised in military operations, its most significant impact is felt through the functions of production, distribution and consumption (Rodrigue and Slack, 2002). It became a large-scale activity during the industrial revolution. The origins of the modern distribution sector dates back to the emergence of the capitalist economy, the development of specific modes of industrial production and the deployment of a particular division of labor. This creates a distinct “sphere of circulation” between production and consumption (Marx, 1939/1953). To a certain extent, circulation enabled the transition from use value to exchange value, and thus made possible the large-scale capitalization of commodities. Retailing and marketing have become part of modern management practice (Chandler, 1977) and have been important factors in the wealth generation.\nConsequently, and following this introduction, it is clear that the two functions have a history, it is undoubtedly what we will emphasize on the platform of this blog.\nReminder of Key Definitions – Logistics & Supply Chain Management\nLogistics has been, is and always will continue to be one of the most controversial military subjects. Besides, it is obvious that there is absolutely nothing wrong with controversy when it leads to better understanding, better organization or better operations (Hesse, M. and J-P Rodrigue (2004)). With regard to military logistics, however, these goals eluded us time and time again because very few of us seemed to be talking about the same thing. If we were to compare all available definitions of logistics, we would recognize that logistics is a function of warfare, that it has a social and economic purpose, that it is a function of organization, and that most of these definitions say the same things even though they differ widely in detail (Graham W. Rider (1970)).\nWhat is Logistics and Supply Chain Management?\n« Logistics typically refers to activities that occur within the boundaries of a single organization and Supply Chain refers to networks of companies that work together and coordinate their actions to deliver a product to market. Also, traditional logistics focuses its attention on activities such as procurement, distribution, maintenance, and inventory management. » Hugo, M. (2003).\nIn one of the old article of SCMDOJO “ What is Supply Chain Management ? A Technical and Academic Definition”, we have presented quite a few academic definition of SCMDOJO, and one presented by Donald J. Bowersox, David J. Closs (1996) is:\n“Supply Chain Management is defined as a channel construct as the structure of inter-company units and extra-company agents and dealers, wholesale and retail, through which a commodity, product, or service is marketed”\nAnd I would use this definition of What is Supply Chain explained for Kids by 10 year old Sareen, which has received quite a widespread praise from some seasoned supply chain professionals.\nThus, in view of this old definitions, Logistics and Supply Chain Management have undergone significant changes over the past six decades in many studies by different authors, a variety of industries.\nThe 20th century announces a new science, that of the preparation of war: like the other sciences, its elements are not new; they have been doing a quasi-science for a hundred years or more, but it is only now that the immense importance of their unification – one could almost say their imperialization – is becoming a reality.\nTo briefly indicate its place, it should be remembered that war involves three divisions of labor: Strategy, Tactics and Logistics. The first is the planning service; the second objective execution; the third the commercial department (George C. Thorpe (1916)).\nIf we try to define the term “logistics”. A Google search for logistics will yield approximately 53 million results (R. Neil Southern, 2011). A more precise definition can be found in the dictionary, which states that logistics derives from the Greek word logistike-, “the art of calculating“, and from logos, which means “reason” (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary 2010).\nThe Chronological Evolution of the Concepts – Logistics & Supply Chain Management\nIt should be known that the concepts of logistics and the supply chain have evolved over the last half century or so. In an attempt to be logistically correct, research and studies have followed a specific ranking that is listed in chronological order by decade. But, first, an important disclaimer: this perspective is just that. It does not include all or even necessarily the most important logistical historical facts. It includes, however, those that were important in the eyes of some authors, were from the 1950s to the present day (R. Neil Southern, 2011).\nFigure 1 : The Chronological Evolution of Logistics & Supply Chain Concepts\nThe first form of the chronological evolution of the concepts of logistics and the supply chain implies the existence of 7 distinct and important phases as shown in Figure 1.\n- The First: The Transportation Era (1950s)\n- The Second: The Physical Distribution (1960s)\n- The Third: Physical Supply, Deregulation and Logistics (1970s)\n- The Fourth: Transportation, Deregulation, Physical Distribution and Business Logistics (1980s)\n- The Fifth: Business Logistics (1990s)\n- The Sixth: Logistics and Supply Chain Management (2000s)\n- The Seventh: Supply Chain Digitalization (2010’s)\nThe 1950s – The Transportation Era\nIn the 1950s, transportation was in focus. Several universities offered courses in the field of transportation. However, topics such as logistics, logistics, physical sourcing and supply chain management are not included in these courses. There were no computers or even pocket calculators back then that could help quantify data (R. Neil Southern, 2011). There is also not much discussion (if any) about the systems approach or the concept of total cost. The idea of working with suppliers or customers was not a priority for most managers at the time. The term logistics is mainly used in the military field. In times of war, having the right supplies in the right place at the right time is critical.\nThe main player in the 1950s was the federal government. For example, the most significant event related to logistics (or transportation) was the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, which authorized the National Interstate Highway and Defense Highway System. The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) (founded in 1887) is the economic regulator of road and rail transportation. All road and rail freight duties and regulations regarding the entry of road carriers are under the jurisdiction of the International Chamber of Commerce. The ICC also regulates the closure of railway lines. In the 1950s, several agencies were available for transporting students and practitioners. Many companies encourage their transportation professionals to pass the ICC Practitioner exam administered by the ICC Practitioners Association (now the Transportation Practitioners Association 1984, the Transportation Law, Logistics and Policy Association 1994).\nThe 1960s – Physical Distribution\nThe study of transportation in the 1960s evolved into the study of logistics, and to a lesser extent, logistics. The National Council of Physical Distribution Management (NCPDM) was established in 1963 to represent professional logistics managers. This organization was renamed the Council of Logistics Management (CLM) in 1985 and the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) in 2004. Today, CSCMP has more than 14,000 members. In most cases, logistics (outbound logistics) and physical supply (inbound logistics) are seen as two distinct functions. This was reflected in the two major organizations of the time. Founded in 1963, NCPDM represents the outbound side of logistics and the National Association for Purchasing Management (NAPM) represents the inbound side. NAPM published a new magazine, Purchasing Magazine, in 1965. In the 1960s, there were some prominent textbook authors and authors of academic and professional journals. During this decade, one of the first textbooks to focus on logistics distribution and logistics was Logistics Management: Logistics Problems in the Enterprise (Smykay, Bowersox, and Mossman 1961)(R. Neil Southern, 2011).\nWhile logistics received a lot of attention in literature in the 1960s, with transportation as the most important function of logistics. In the fall of 1961, the American Transportation Association published its first issue of Transportation Magazine. In 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed Public Law 89–670 establishing the Department of Transportation, and Alan S. Boyd was elected the nation’s first Secretary of Transportation.\nThe 1970s – Physical Supply, Deregulation and Logistics\nIn the early 1970s, the physical supply (or sometimes referred to as material management) of the input side of the logistics system was taken over. Later in the century, there was a movement to combine physical distribution with physical delivery, with an emphasis on broader logistics concept. The 1970s were a pivotal decade for the further development of the logistics concept. Universities, scholarly journals and textbooks, and professional organizations all contributed to making the decade productive (R. Neil Southern, 2011).\nTransportation is also further emphasized as the most important function in logistics management. During the period of the 1970s, the Transportation Journal emerged as one of the leading academic journals in the discipline of transportation and logistics. This is because the latter has published a set of articles in the fields of economics, industrial management and carriers, physical distribution, logistics, regulation, public policy, education and communication. other relevant topics in particular. Another logistics-related academic journal that was introduced in 1978 is the Journal of Business Logistics (JBL), which was published by the NCPDM and is known today as one of the leading academic journals. JBL’s production took place at The Ohio State University. Professor Bernard “Bud” LaLonde was JBL’s first editor (Miyazaki, Anthony D. and al. (1999)).\nThe 1980s – Transportation Deregulation, Physical Distribution and Business Logistics\nDuring the 1980s, and specifically in the world of transport, deregulation continued with the Motor Carrier Act of 1980, which reduced regulation of road freight rates and entry conditions. The Staggers Rail Act of 1980 allowed the railways to negotiate contracts and operate with less oversight by the ICC.\nIndeed, the CAB ceased operations in 1984, and in 1987 the federal government sold its common stock in Conrail. Federal deregulation of transportation in the United States has resulted in a more competitive and flexible system (R. Neil Southern, 2011).\nThe term physical distribution began to be phased out during the 1980s, and the term logistics came to the fore. For example, James C. Johnson and Donald F. Wood changed the name of their textbook Contemporary Physical Distribution to Contemporary Physical Distribution and Logistics. The NCPDM changed its name to the Council of Logistics Management (CLM) in 1985.\nThe 1990s – Business Logistics\nDuring the period of the 1990s, business logistics continued to be a very essential element. Most cost-focused companies have realized that there are opportunities for cost savings through negotiations with carriers and the implementation of the systems approach and total cost concept. Johnson and Wood, in their fourth edition of their textbook, dropped Physical Distribution from the title, to simply become Contemporary Logistics. Many transport companies have exploited the concept of logistics, using it from a theoretical angle, promoting the idea that they were not only transport companies, that they were logistics carriers, or they provided logistical solutions (R. Neil Southern, 2011).\nDuring the 1990s, the main factors affecting logistics was the rapid development in electronics and communication technologies, such as the Internet and electronic data interchange. The growth of third-party logistics organizations, strategic alliances and partnerships has also been significant. Companies have started to see logistics as an integral part of overall business strategy.\nThe 2000s – Logistics and Supply Chain Management\nThe early years of the 21st century have seen a slow evolution from logistics to supply chain management in academia and business. As part of the business world, small and medium enterprises have been slower to accept the supply chain concept.\nSupply chain management has therefore come to be seen as a chain that encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and converting and all logistics management activities. The Transport and Logistics Basics textbook states: “The supply chain includes all partners in the logistics process. The idea is to have integrated information sharing between all trading partners (suppliers, manufacturers and customers)”.\nThis assessment of logistics and supply chain management over the past few years would not be complete without a mention of development through online and distance education in logistics and supply chain management. It would be rare to find a college or university that didn’t have some sort of online presence. Distance learning is an important part of teaching logistics. The Logistics Management Institute claims to be the oldest logistics distance learning school in the world (R. Neil Southern, 2011).\nThe 2010 – present – The Era of Supply Chain Digitalization\nThe digitalization of the Supply Chain corresponds to the dematerialization of information processing. This digitalization offers better management of data flows as well as unparalleled reliability of information related to the Supply Chain. For optimal production flow management, the digitalization of flows (physical logistics flow or logistics just-in-time) is therefore essential.\nNowadays, different types of businesses find themselves faced to an increased and globalized competition. In order to remain competitive, the digitization of the supply chain has become necessary. The benefits of the digital of supply chains are no longer debated.\nWhat is Supply Chain Digitalization ?\nIn their article « Digital Supply Chain: Literature review and a proposed framework for future research », Buyukozkan and Gocer have defined Digital Supply chain as a:\n“Smart, value-driven, efficient process to generate new forms of revenue and business value for organizations and to leverage new approaches with novel technological and analytical methods”.\nDigitizing the supply chain appears to be the most effective way to achieve the objective of a company with remarkable results.\nThe entire business cycle of an industrial company (sales forecast, supply, production, storage, shipping, after-sales service, etc.) should imperatively be digitized in the current era\nSupply Chain Digitalization : Today Vs. Tomorrow\nAs the century unfolds, we are seeing a more joined up supply chain, with efficient, robust and technologically advanced systems integration.\nNot only will efficiency remain at the heart of the supply chain, but with digitalization enabling high levels of connectivity, we’ll see greater transparency and collaboration across different departments as shown in picture above.\nThe advantages of digitalization are numerous including reliability, product and information traceability, automation (automatic synchronization = information flows and physical flows for example), and collection of forecast information for management, in particular sales forecasting, and inventory management according to demand using our sales forecasting software. Ultimately, supply chains that go digital are able to reduce their operating costs by 20% on average.\nInventory optimization Tool\nOne of the most important tips to take into consideration is to remember to include a successful digital approach in the company’s strategy: the transition to the supply chain 4.0 must be a real desire and the human and financial resources must be adapted so that all the players of the company adhere to this new organization and best adapt to the changes implemented.\nThe management of digital production flows brings great agility to the entire supply chain, from end to end. This agility will bring more responsiveness to disruptions in the chain and therefore improve customer service in real time thanks to better anticipation of their needs and better respected delivery times.\nTo end this article we have adopted Hesse & Rodrigue (2004) to show the New of Supply Chan Digitalization from 2010 to now which requires know-how of emerging technologies, change management and digital competencies which all supply chain professional now need to acquire to be successful and learn to implement 8 C’s of How to Make Your Supply Chain Digital\nFigure 2 : Evolution of Logistics & Supply Chain Management (1960 – Until Now)\nAdopted from Hesse & Rodrigue 2004\nIn Summary of this article of Evolution of Supply Chain Management\nAfter recalling the key definitions of the concepts of logistics and supply chain management, in a second step, it proved necessary to present in a clear form the chronological evolution of the two concepts.\nThe description and interpretation of the chronological cycle represented in detail the 6 phases: The Transportation Era (1950s), the Physical Distribution (1960s), the Physical Supply, Deregulation and Logistics (1970s), Transportation, Deregulation, Physical Distribution and Business Logistics (1980s), Business Logistics (1990s), Logistics and Supply Chain Management (2000s) (R. Neil Southern, 2011) and now Supply Chain Digitalization (2010s)\nIn addition to these elements, it was important to recognize that each phase and era, at the end of this evolution, gave rise to mechanisms and notions that gradually became part of the temporal aspect, in a digitization logic.\nThe evolution of supply chain management and the rise of the logistics industry have four main characteristics (Hesse, M. and J-P Rodrigue (2004):\n- First, fundamentally restructure commodity trade by developing integrated supply chains with integrated freight needs.\n- Second, while transportation has traditionally been seen as a way to travel through space, logistics is time-sensitive. This is achieved by moving to vertical integration, i.e. subcontracting and outsourcing, including the logistics function itself.\n- Third, according to the macroeconomic structure change dominates demand-driven activities. Whereas traditional supply is primarily driven by the supply side, current supply chains are increasingly demand-driven.\n- Fourth, logistics services have become so complex and time-sensitive that many companies now outsource some of their supply chain management to external logistics providers. These suppliers benefit from economies of scale and scope by providing integrated solutions to many freight distribution problems.\n- Fifth, The rapid growth of technology has led to advances in the supply chain and, in particular, the digital supply chain. As the century unfolds, we are seeing a more joined up supply chain, with efficient, robust and technologically advanced systems integration.\nIt is perhaps essential to remember that logistics within supply chain management is constantly evolving to meet consumer demands. Consumers frequently order products using iPods, iPhones, smartphones and tablets and expect to receive their product within 24 to 48 hours. In order to meet these expectations, companies need to improve their supply chain logistics with the goal of expediting order fulfillment and shipping the item quickly via the most reliable, yet cost-effective means. Yet remaining profitable and fast. When companies create a plan that outlines supply chain logistics, every component and element of that logistics model stays focused, reduces costs, and moves quickly and with significant efficiency, resulting in an ever-increasing customer satisfaction.\nAfter detailing the history of the concepts and the presentation of each period that characterizes the logistics process, let us recall in particular the role and importance of logistics in the management of the supply chain and evolution of Supply Chain over the decades.\nAs you can imagine, trying to conceive the logistics process in your mind, supply chain management and logistics are considered to be two inseparable concepts that reduce overall business costs in order to produce goods and services and to improve the overall impression of the level of service for your target audience. Choosing the right software also plays a crucial role in optimizing logistics tasks. After all, automation is leading the progress of industrial enterprises today.\nLet us know if we have missed some important event of history which could add to this text of Evolution of Supply Chain.\nReferences used in writing Evolution of Supply Chain\nR. Neil Southern. (2011), “Historical Perspective of the Logistics and Supply Chain Management Discipline”, Transportation Journal, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 53-64, Penn State University Press.\nHesse, M. and J-P Rodrigue (2004), “The Transport Geography of Logistics and Freight Distribution”, Journal of Transport Geography, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 171-184.\nRodrigue, J.-P., Slack, B. (2002) “Logistics and National Security. In: Majumdar, S.K. (Ed.), Science, Technology, and National Security”, Pennsylvania Academy of Science Press.\nMiyazaki, Anthony D. and al. (1999), “Twenty Years of JBL: An Analysis of Published Research.” Journal of Business Logistics 20 (2): 1– 20.\nDonald J. Bowersox, David J. Closs (1996), “Logistical Management: The Integrated Supply Chain Process”, Marketing Series, McGraw-Hill series in marketing.\nChandler, A. (1977), “The visible hand. In: The Managerial Revolution in American Business”. Harvard University Press, Cambridge/ London.\nGraham W. Rider (1970), “Evolution of the concept of logistics.” Naval War College Review, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 24-33, U.S. Naval War College Press.\nMarx, K., 1939/1953. Grundrisse der Kritik der politischen Okonomie (Foundations of the critique of the political economy).\nGeorge C. Thorpe (1916), Scientific American, a division of Nature America, Vol. 115, No. 12, p. 263.\n – Hugo, M. (2003). Essentials of Supply Chain Management. New Jersey: John Willey & Sons Inc.\nAbout the Author- Dr Muddassir Ahmed\nDr MuddassirAhmed is the Founder & CEO of SCMDOJO. He is a global speaker, vlogger and supply chain industry expert with 17 years of experience in the Manufacturing Industry in the UK, Europe, the Middle East and South East Asia in various Supply Chain leadership roles. Dr. Muddassir has received a PhD in Management Science from Lancaster University Management School. Muddassir is a Six Sigma black belt and founded the leading supply chain platform SCMDOJO to enable supply chain professionals and teams to thrive by providing best-in-class knowledge content, tools and access to experts.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "After giving bloom to beautiful red or white flowers, the camellia produces a round fruit.\nWhen the seed of this fruit is drypressed, it produces camellia oil.\nThere are records of this oil being used as far back as the Heian period, as a form of hair conditioner, while the flowers are mentioned in poems in the Manyoshu collection of poems that was compiled in the 8th century.\nThis demonstrates the high regard in which this plant has been held in Japan throughout history, and selective cultivation has resulted in the creation of several thousand different species.\nQuite apart from the intrinsic beauty of the blooms, I think that people were moved by the sight of the camellia producing elegant flowers even in the shade of the forest.\nAfter the flowers have finished, the tree produces fruit that break open when dry to release dark brown seeds that can then bepressed to obtain oil.\nThe seeds are also quite cute in appearance.\nOnly small amounts of oil can be obtained from the seeds so it is usually sold in little bottles.\nIt is used to produce the very best tempura and its ability to prevent dry skin results in it often being found among the ingredients of cosmetics.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "When was the last time you ducked into a coffee shop, bought an espresso you didn’t really need, and logged onto the free wifi—the real reason you stopped by in the first place?\nWell, be warned: That network may be a fake one, used to gather a password that could unlock your online data. That was especially true in London over two days last week, when James Lyne, global head of security research at Oxford-based cyber security firm Sophos, was out “war biking.”\nLyne rode the streets of London April 24 and 25, using hardware attached to his bike to beam a fake wifi “network” into cafes and restaurants that were offering free browsing. The move was to mimic—and help raise awareness of—the technique known in cyber security circles as “war driving.” That technique involves a hacker driving around with similar hardware, fishing around for passwords that could unlock sensitive data.\nIn a nutshell, Lyne created his own Internet hotspot with a 4G LTE modem loaded onto his bike and positioned to be in range of places that offer free wifi. Using the modem, he created a fake portal page, offering free Internet browsing.\nHe snagged 2,907 unsuspecting users. When he conducted a similar ride in San Francisco last month, over 1,500 people connected to the fake hotspot in in a few hours. Once online, many then accessed websites, for instance online banking sites, which require usernames and passwords.\n“It is clear from this experiment that the default behavior of many mobile users is to find open networks, connect, test for Internet and ask questions later,” Lyne said.\nHe’s planning similar tours of Las Vegas, Hanoi, Sydney and Tokyo, among other cities.\nIn addition to counting how many folks he can dupe into giving him passwords, he was also able to analyze the security of existing wifi networks. Of 81,743 networks surveyed, some 29.5% were using either no security encryption to protect users, or they were using the Wireless Equivalent Privacy (WEP) algorithm—which tests have shown to be easy to decrypt and susceptible to attack with inexpensive off-the-shelf equipment. Another 52% of networks were making use of older and less secure protocols.\nLyne says his experiment didn’t break any laws. He kept data on wireless network names, locations and security levels long enough to conduct an analysis in accordance with regulations about holding data for an appropriate period of time for business use. All personal user login data was destroyed.\nHe also found that a large number of people in the cities kept the Bluetooth functions on their phones on, essentially making them discoverable to other devices scanning for them. Many were using default PIN codes of 0000, 1234, or 9876. That makes it easy to connect to someone’s Bluetooth, enter the password, and access their devices, including its data.\nThe risk isn’t just for individuals. According to Andrew Deacon, an IT security specialist at Sophos, the easiest way to hack into a corporation or organization is through the wireless networks that staff access on their personal devices.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The World Trade Organization’s Doha Development Round was meant to rebalance decades of unfair rules in agriculture and address the needs of developing countries. Instead, the negotiations have betrayed this promise. The WTO’s trade Round has become a ‘market access’ negotiation, in which developing countries are expected to give disproportionately more and will receive little but stale promises of the general benefits of liberalization.\nMultilateralism is central to the fight against poverty and inequality – its role remains critical for states to work together to protect and develop the rights and opportunities of citizens. But for global policy-making to work in a fair and balanced way, political will is needed. Now is the time for WTO members to come back to the negotiating table and change the course of negotiations, much as they did nearly eight years ago in Doha.\nThe global economic crisis has reminded all countries of the importance of trade for their economies, as trade flows have dropped precipitously, with declining demand and constrained credit. The global economic crisis presents an imperative, and an opportunity, for real reform. Now more than ever, it is necessary to correct the rigged trade rules and skewed benefits that globalization has given to some countries at the expense of others.\nIn order to put the Doha Round back on the ‘development’ track, Oxfam recommends that WTO members take actions to:\n- Improve the process of negotiations to make them more transparent and inclusive\n- Ensure special and differential treatment for developing countries, through less than fully reciprocal commitments, greater effective flexibilities, and adequate policy space to promote development of agriculture, manufacturing, and services industries\n- Promote development by enabling the realization of rights, such as the right to food, ensuring that trade rules respond to the needs of the most vulnerable people first\n- Strengthen the WTO as an institution, to build greater confidence in its ability to achieve fairer trade rules for developing countries.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "...Ratification, Bill of Rights and Other Amendments\nThe 1787 Constitution lacked a Bill of Rights. Few except Madison himself were opposed to adding one, but many other delegates would have failed election without promising it. Negotiations at the Convention had proved so excitingly innovative that time ran out before the Convention had to adjourn with only a promise of a Bill of Rights, first thing. Almost immediately, political America was thrown into a year of state ratification conventions. Massachusetts initiated the concept of ratifying the Constitution, attached with eight or nine amendment proposals for the Bill of Rights. When the First Congress finally convened, it faced almost two hundred proposed amendments, and Madison made sure he was chairman of a committee to deal with them. Practically alone he pared them down to a succinct twelve which survived as the first order of business of the new Congress. Almost unnoticed, he made a deal with Oliver Ellsworth the leader of the Senate, to pass the Bill of Rights in exchange for passing the Senate's Judiciary Act in the House of Representatives. Out of this combined beginning, the power and scope of the Judiciary Branch was born. But while that is a subject for later chapters, Madison never achieved a more skillful moment in his political life, than this pivotal one.\nImproving Our Political System\nRepublics and their Flaws\nCauses of the American Revolution\nBritain and its colonies had outgrown Eighteenth Century techniques of governance. Unfortunately, both England and America lacked the sophistication to make drastic changes smoothly.\nShaping the Constitution in Philadelphia\nAfter Independence, the weakness of the Federal government dismayed a band of ardent patriots, so under Washington's leadership a stronger Constitution was written. Almost immediately, comrades discovered they had wanted the same thing for different reasons, so during the formative period they struggled to reshape future directions . Moving the Capitol from Philadelphia to the Potomac proved curiously central to all this.\nWhereas, since the close of the last war, the British Parliament, claiming a power of right to bind the people of America, by statute, all cases whatsoever, hath in some acts expressly imposed taxes on them and in others, under various pretenses, but in fact for the purpose raising a revenue, hath imposed rates and duties payable in these colonies established a board of commissioners, with unconstitutional powers, and extended the jurisdiction of courts of admiralty, not only for collecting the said duties, but for the trial of causes merely arising within the body of a county.\nAnd whereas, in consequence of other statutes, judges, who before held only estates at will in their offices, have been made dependent on the Crown alone for their salaries, and standing armies kept in time of peace:\nAnd whereas, it has lately been resolved in Parliament, that by force of a statute, made in the thirty-fifth year of the reign of Henry the Eighth, colonists may be transported to England, and tried there upon accusations for treasons, and misprisions, or concealments of treasons committed in the colonies, and by a late statute, such trials have been directed in cases therein mentioned.\nAnd whereas, in the last session of Parliament, three statutes were made; one, entitled \"An act to discontinue, in such manner and for such time as are therein mentioned, the landing and discharging, lading, or shipping of goods, wares and merchandise, at the town, and within the harbor of Boston, in the province of Massachusetts Bay, in North America\"; and another, entitled \"An act for the better regulating the government of the province of the Massachusetts Bay in New England\"; and another, entitled \"An act for the impartial administration of justice, in the cases of persons questioned for any act done by them in the execution of the law, or for the suppression of riots and tumults in the province of the Massachusetts Bay, in New England.\" And another statute was then made, \"for making more effectual provision for the government of the province of Quebec, etc.\" All which statutes are impolitic, unjust and cruel, as well as unconstitutional, and most dangerous and destructive of American rights.\nAnd whereas, assemblies have been frequently dissolved, contrary to the rights of the people, when they attempted to deliberate on grievances; and their dutiful, humble, loyal, and reasonable petitions to the Crown for redress, have been repeatedly treated with contempt by His Majesty's ministers of state:\nThe good people of the several colonies of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New Castle, Kent and Sussex on Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina, justly alarmed at these arbitrary proceedings of Parliament and administration, have severally elected, constituted, and appointed deputies to meet and sit in general congress, in the city of Philadelphia, in order to obtain such establishment, as that their religion, laws, and liberties may not be subverted.\nWhereupon the deputies so appointed being now assembled, in a full and free representation of these colonies, taking into their most serious consideration, the best means of attaining the ends aforesaid, do, in the first place, as Englishmen, their ancestors in like cases have usually done, for asserting and vindicating their rights and liberties, declare, That the inhabitants of the English colonies in North America, by the immutable laws of nature, the principles of the English Constitution, and the several charters or compacts, have the following rights:\nResolved, N. C. D. [Nemine contradicente, no person disagreeing]1. That they are entitled to life, liberty, and property, and they have never ceded to any sovereign power whatever, a right to dispose of either without their consent\nResolved, N. C. D. 2. That our ancestors, who first settled these colonies, were at the time of their emigration from the mother country, entitled to all the rights, liberties, and immunities of free and natural-born subjects, within the realm of England.\nResolved, N. C. D. 3. That by such emigration they by no means forfeited, surrendered, or lost any of those rights, but that they were, and their descendants now are, entitled to the exercise and enjoyment of all such of them, as their local and other circumstances enable them, to exercise and enjoy.\nResolved, 4. That the foundation of English liberty, and of all free government, is a right in the people to participate in their legislative council: and as the English colonists are not represented, and from their local and other circumstances, can not properly be represented in the British Parliament, they are entitled to a free and exclusive power of legislation in their several provincial legislatures, where their right of representation can alone be preserved, in all cases of taxation and internal polity, subject only to the negative of their sovereign, in such manner as has been heretofore used and accustomed. But, from the necessity of the case, and a regard to the mutual interest of both countries, we cheerfully consent to the operation of such acts of the British Parliament, as are bona fide, restrained to the regulation of our external commerce, for the purpose of securing the commercial advantages of the whole empire to the mother country, and the commercial benefits of its respective members; excluding every idea of taxation, internal or eternal, for raising a revenue on the subjects in America, without their consent.\nResolved, N. C. D. 5. That the respective colonies are entitled to the common law of England, and more especially to the great and inestimable privilege of being tried by their peers of the vicinage, according to the course of that law.\nResolved, N. C. D. 6. That they are entitled to the benefit of such of the English statutes as existed at the time of their colonization; and which they have, by experience, respectively found to be applicable to their several local and other circumstances.\nResolved, N. C. D. 7. That these, His Majesty's colonies, are likewise entitled to all the immunities and privileges granted and confirmed to them by royal charters, or secured by their several codes of provincial laws.\nResolved, N. C. D. 8. That they have a right peaceably to assemble, consider of their grievances, and petition the King; and that all prosecutions, prohibitory proclamations, and commitment for the same, are illegal.\nResolved, N. C. D. 9. That the keeping a standing army in these colonies, in times of peace, without the consent of the legislature of that colony, in which such army is kept, is against law.\nResolved, N. C. D. 10. It is indispensably necessary to good government, and rendered essential by the English constitution, that the constituent branches of the legislature be independent of each other; that, therefore, the exercise of legislative power in several colonies, by a council appointed, during pleasure by the Crown, is unconstitutional, dangerous, and destructive to the freedom of American legislation.\nAll and each of which the aforesaid deputies, in behalf of themselves and their constituents, do claim, demand, and insist on, as their indubitable rights and liberties; which cannot be legally taken from them, altered or abridged by any power whatever, without their own consent, by their representatives in their several provincial legislatures.\n[Author: John Sulllivan, Delegate and later Governor, New Hampshire]\n|A Familiar Exposition of the Constitution of the United States: Containing a Brief Commentary on Every Clause, Explaining the True Nature, Reasons, and ... Designed for the Use of School Libraries and General Readers; Joseph Story: ISBN-13: 978-1886363717||Amazon|", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Harvard students get near-perfect SAT scores. These are smart, smart kids. So they shouldn't have trouble with a simple logic question, right?\nTry the following puzzle:\nA bat and ball cost $1.10.\nThe bat costs one dollar more than the ball.\nHow much does the ball cost?\nScroll down for the answer ...\ntheseanster93 via www.flickr.com Creative Commons\nYou probably answered 10¢. That's what most Harvard students answered. But the real answer is 5¢.\nBehavioral economist Daniel Kahneman explains why most people get this wrong:\nA number came to your mind. The number, of course, is 10: 10¢. The distinctive mark of this easy puzzle is that it evokes an answer that is intuitive, appealing, and wrong. Do the math, and you will see. If the ball costs 10 ¢, then the total cost will be $1.20 (10¢ for the ball and $1.10 for the bat), not $1.10. The correct answer is 5¢. It is safe to assume that the intuitive answer also came to the mind of those who ended up with the correct number—they somehow managed to resist the intuition.\nMany thousands of university students have answered the bat-and-ball puzzle, and the results are shocking. More than 50% of students at Harvard, MIT, and Princeton gave the intuitive—incorrect—answer. At less selective universities, the rate of demonstrable failure to check was in excess of 80%. The bat-and-ball problem is our first encounter with an observation that will be a recurrent theme of this book: many people are overconfident, prone to place too much faith in their intuitions. They apparently find cognitive effort at least mildly unpleasant and avoid it as much as possible.\nThis excerpt comes from Kahneman's 2011 book, \"Thinking, Fast And Slow,\" which posits that we have an intuitive mental system and a logical mental system, and we often use the wrong one at the wrong time.\nDON'T MISS: 61 Behavioral Biases That Screw Up How You Think", "label": "No"}
{"text": "K.CC.B.5 Count to answer \"how many?\" questions about as many as 20 things arranged in a line, a rectangular array, or a circle, or as many as 10 things in a scattered configuration; given a number from 1-20, count out that many objects.\nK.CC.C.6 Identify whether the number of objects in one group is greater than, less than, or equal to the number of objects in another group, e.g., by using matching and counting strategies. (Include groups with up to 10 objects.)\nK.NBT.A Number & Operations in Base Ten: Work with numbers 11–19 to gain foundations for place value.\nK.NBT.A.1 Compose and decompose numbers from 11 to 19 into ten ones and some further ones, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each composition or decomposition by a drawing or equation (such as 18 = 10+8); understand that these numbers are composed of ten ones and one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine ones.\nK.OA.A Operations & Algebraic Thinking: Model and describe addition as putting together and adding to, and subtraction as taking apart and taking from, using objects or drawings.\nK.OA.A.1 Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.\nK.OA.A.3 Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 5 = 2 + 3 and 5 = 4 + 1).\nK.G.B Geometry: Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.\nK.G.B.4 Analyze and compare two- and three-dimensional shapes, in different sizes and orientations, using informal language to describe their similarities, differences, parts (e.g., number of sides and vertices/\"corners\") and other attributes (e.g., having sides of equal length).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Most Holy Name of Mary\nOn September 12 the Church celebrates the feast of The Most Holy Name of Mary, a memorial which is unknown to many because it is optional on the liturgical calendar. We have a number of well-known feasts of Mary, such as the Immaculate Conception, the Holy Mother of God, Mother of the Church, and her Assumption into Heaven; we celebrate her under many titles such as Our Lady of Lourdes and Our Lady of Fatima, (and many others). Simply put, after Jesus no one dominates the liturgical calendar the way Mary does. Her presence is everywhere, it seems, and so celebrating a feast which emphasizes the holiness of her name is appropriate. While this feast and most of the others are not holy days of obligation, I do think we should be aware of these celebrations and titles for Mary because they tell us something about her. This particular feast, The Most Holy Name of Mary, reminds us that names are indeed doorways to our identity insofar as names are intimate and connote deep meaning. Therefore through this feast we are honoring Mary, but also getting to know her better.\nThe name Mary (Miriam) was rather common in Israel, so of itself the name had no real importance although it was the name of Moses’ sister, as recorded in the Old Testament. We don’t know for sure, but we can guess that her parents chose this name for her because of their faithfulness to God and the rich spiritual history of Israel. We also know there were other women named Mary in the gospels, such as Mary Magdalene, Mary the sister of Martha and Lazarus, and Mary the wife of Clopus. Therefore, we might wonder how the name of this particular Mary is any different from the other women called by the same name. The answer lies in her identity, not just in the word ‘Mary;’ it is the woman who possessed the name that renders it sacred. Mary was, in fact, a most remarkable woman, one who was considered so pure that at the Annunciation the angel who greeted her did not utter her name as a sign of his reverence toward her,* and yet in her humility, she paid homage to him!\nNames are rooted in one’s personality and identity. Knowing a person’s name changes everything in the way we interact with them; our interaction becomes more personal and draws them closer to us. Names are also intimate. Think of Moses on the mountain when God passed by and pronounced His own name. “The Lord came down in a cloud and stood with [Moses] there and proclaimed the name ‘LORD.’ So the LORD passed before him and proclaimed: ‘The LORD, the LORD, a God gracious and merciful, slow to anger and abounding in love and fidelity, continuing His love for a thousand generations, and forgiving wickedness, rebellion and sin...!’” (Exodus 34:5-8) The word LORD is written in all caps to designate that God’s utterance of His own name was so holy that Moses would not even pronounce it, leave alone attempt to write it: to make any attempt to repeat it would take away from the awe of hearing His name. But it is in the description of God’s characteristics which follows that Moses attempted to reveal something of the identity of who this good and gracious God really is.\nIn the same way that Moses knew the sacredness of the name of God, when the angel Gabriel greeted Mary he revealed his attitude toward her. He said: “Hail, favored one!” In not saying her name, he imparts to us that he recognized how special she was for God to have chosen her to be the mother of His Son. Gabriel knew he was addressing the one conceived without sin, yet who was completely free in her response. After her humble, but courageous ‘Let it be done’ the angel left her; Luke tells us that she pondered the meaning of everything that had happened. (Luke 1:26-38) Strangely, the angel is not named in the birth narrative found in Matthew’s Gospel when the focus on Jesus’ birth was more on Joseph than Mary. Instead he was referred to as the “angel of the Lord,” though it is safe to say it was indeed Gabriel. (Matthew 1:18-25)\nIn light of the angel not addressing her by name, it is of interest that in the gospels, Jesus, who no doubt called her ‘Mother’ while He lived with her, publicly addressed Mary twice, and neither time did He refer to her as Mother or even as Mary: instead He called her Woman! He did this at the Wedding in Cana and as He was dying on the cross. But both times it was meant as a term of the greatest reverence and respect. He was acknowledging that Mary’s courage and humility, her purity and her willingness to suffer for His sake and for our salvation, places her above all other women. It is clear Jesus dearly loved her and that He wanted her to know what she meant to Him as her Son and as her God.\nGiven all this, there is no reason for us to be hesitant to address Mary by name, however. Holy as she is, in saying her name we are acknowledging her identity as the humble and ever pure mother of our Lord and we are accepting her invitation to intimacy with her. Although the knowledge that she was never touched by the stain of sin may make it feel like she is somewhat inaccessible, the opposite is true: she desires that we become so close to her that we do say her name, and that we say it whenever we need her intercession. It must give her joy when we say: “Hail Mary, full of grace,” not because she has a ‘big ego’ and loves to be honored, but because in saying this greeting we are acknowledging all that God has accomplished through her. Thus we are actually glorifying God for giving us such great gifts by allowing her to be put at our service: in her humility and love, she wants to serve us through her intercession. And in that same humility, Mary would want us to remember that while we do revere her greatly and consider her name holy, we do not worship her. (We venerate her; worship is reserved for God alone.)\nThroughout the years, Mary has given us great insight into her identity in addition to what the gospels reveal about her. She has appeared many times since her Assumption into Heaven and she has been given numerous titles based on these appearances. She has declared that she is the Immaculate Conception and she has repeatedly called herself our mother; she has openly cried, smiled, warned, and prayed, but always, she comes in service and with love. She serves God, but she is always respectful of the ones to whom she appears. For example, she speaks and dresses according to the customs of the ones to whom she appears, asking them to share messages with her children. Thus, we learn that it is important to address everyone we meet with similar respect and even with reverence. Perhaps remembering that Mary’s name is holy will help us bear in mind that every person’s name should be spoken with reverence and kindness because to that name is attached the identity of the person who bears it, and thus we are addressing their dignity as a brother or sister. In addressing another, we should always remember that they are a child of God, beautiful to behold and precious in His sight. Each one is a loved sinner, as are we. In these times in which a lack of respect and even abuse of one another seems rampant, we need to call upon Mary more than ever to intercede for us that we might treat others the way Jesus taught, with love, mercy, and respect. With her as our model and with the names of Mary and Jesus on our lips and in our hearts, perhaps we can also be bearers of respect, kindness, mercy, and love, standing against the hatreds and vitriolic words which seem to flow freely today. Perhaps we are being invited into deeper discipleship by praying for the reparation of sin, by being an example of Christian love, and by being true children of our Mother.\nRevering Mary’s name as holy, therefore, is to recognize everything about her identity and her role in bringing salvation from God through her Son. ‘Mary’ is more than a word; her name brings to mind an entire understanding of who she is and what she continues to offer us. Calling on Mary by name reminds us to imitate her so that we become a healing presence, living what we pray. Therefore, let us have faith in God, and cling to our mother Mary, saying her name repeatedly as a prayer. She can offer us her mother’s heart, the pathway to being a disciple of Jesus and a way to coming to know, love, and serve her God and ours with deeper love and commitment. Hail Mary! Holy is your name!\nMay we greet Mary every day with the words: “Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with you!” May we take Mary as our role model, our confidant, and our intimate friend, so that she can respond: “I am with you and the Lord is with you, too!” May we remember that there is the power of humility, mercy, forgiveness, compassion, and love in her name: Mary! May we always give Mary her greatest joy, which is to lead us to her Son Jesus! And may we learn to respect and love others in the same way Mary teaches, that we may bring healing and peace into the world! Let us meet in the Hearts of Jesus and Mary! Peace!\n© Michele L. Catanese\n* From the September issue of Magnificat, page 156, this is a quote from St. Lawrence of Brindisi. (1559-1619)\nIf you are interested in Marian apparitions, there are many sites out there. I am only adding the one about the first apparition in Zaragoza, Spain. I have been to the shrine of Our Lady of the Pillar; the Church is quite beautiful.\nNote: The next post will be on Tuesday, September 25.\n1. This is an icon by Fr. William Hart McNichols called Maesta. Although the word 'maesta' translates to 'majesty,' I chose this icon because it spoke to me of holiness and simplicity. It is simply Mary; no words, nothing but her image. You can find it at http://frbillmcnichols-sacredimages.com/featured/maesta-224-william-hart-mcnichols.html. (A reminder that I have his permission to post his icons and images on my site.)\n2. This is a photo I took at the Church of the Annunciation in Nazareth in Galilee, Israel. I thought it was appropriate to show the spot where the angel greeted Mary with the words, \"Hail, favored one!\"\n3. This image is by Fr. William Hart McNichols, called The Hebrew Name of Yahweh-adam Kadmon. I thought it was fitting here because it is the Hebrew letters of God's response to Moses at the burning bush: \"I AM WHO AM.\" Presumably this is not what God called Himself when He spoke His name to Moses in the passage I mentioned (Ex 34) but it is who God says He is: He is one who has always existed. http://frbillmcnichols-sacredimages.com/featured/hebrew-name-of-yahweh-adam-kadmon-183-william-hart-mcnichols.html.\n4. This is my favorite work of Fra Angelico, The Annunciation.\n5. I took this photo in Ireland, near Adair. I chose to use it here as a scene of beauty, but which symbolically speaks of accessibility. The canoes make the beauty of the lake accessible from another vantage point.\n6. This is a depiction of St. Juan Diego seeing the Virgin Mary as Our Lady of Guadalupe on Tepeyac Hill, Mexico in 1531. I chose to use it here because it is a good example of Mary appearing in the garb of the person to whom she has appeared. She was dressed as a peasant and spoke the same dialect as Juan Diego.\n7. This is one of my photos, taken near Steamboat Springs, Colorado. I chose to use it here as an example of the beauty of God's gifts to us, particularly the beauty of the holiness found in Mary.\nNOTE: In compliance with GDPR rules, I wish to make it clear that I do not gather any information on any of my readers at any time.\nelise m campana\n9/10/2018 06:15:13 pm\nMichele, Thank you for this lovely essay on the beautiful name of\nComments are closed.\nHeart Speaks to Heart", "label": "No"}
{"text": "According to the National Crime Prevention Bureau, as many as four million women in this country suffer from some kind of violence from their husbands or boyfriends each year. Very few will tell anyone - a friend, relative, neighbor, or the Police.\nVictims of domestic violence come from all walks of life, cultures, income groups, ages, and religions. They share the feeling of helplessness, isolation, guilt, fear, and shame.\nAre you abused ?\nDoes the person you love:\n- \"Keep Track\" of all your time ?\n- Constantly accuse you of being unfaithful ?\n- Discourage relationships with family & friends ?\n- Prevent you from working or attending school ?\n- Criticize you for little things ?\n- Anger easily when drinking or using drugs ?\n- Control finances & force you to account in detail for your spending ?\n- Humiliate you in front of others ?\n- Destroy personal property or sentimental items ?\n- Hit, punch, slap, kick, or bite you or the children ?\n- Threaten to hurt you or the children ?\n- Force you to have sex against your will ?\nIf you find yourself saying yes to any of these - it's time to get help !\nDo Not Ignore the Problem !\nTalk to someone. Part of the abuser's power comes from secrecy. Victims are often ashamed to let anyone know about intimate family problems. Go to a friend, neighbor, or call a DOMESTIC VIOLENCE HOTLINE, or your POLICE DEPT. Plan ahead and know what you will do if your are attacked again. If you decide to leave, choose a place to go; set aside some money. Put important papers- marriage license, birth certificate, checkbook - in a place where you can get them quickly. Learn to think independently. Try to plan for the future, and set goals for yourself.\nWhat to do if you are hurt\nThere are no easy answers, but there are things that you can do to protect yourself.\n- Call the POLICE. Assault, especially by a family member, is a crime. The Police often have information about shelters, and other agencies that help victims of Domestic Violence.\n- Leave or have someone come & stay with you. Go to a battered women's shelter. Call a crisis hotline in your community or health center to locate a shelter. If you believe that you or your children are in danger, LEAVE IMMEDIATELY.\n- Get medical attention from your doctor or a hospital emergency room. Ask the staff to photograph your injuries, and keep detailed records if you decide to take legal action. Contact your PROBATE COURT for information about a RESTRAINING ORDER that does not involve criminal charges.\nHave you hurt someone in your family ?\n- Accept the fact that your violent behavior will destroy your family. You break the law when you physically hurt someone.\n- Take responsibility for your actions and get help.\n- When you feel tension building, GET AWAY. Work off the angry energy through walk, a project, or sport.\n- Call a DOMESTIC VIOLENCE HOTLINE or health center and ask about counseling and support groups for people who batter.\nThe high costs of domestic violence\n- Men & women who follow their parent's example, and use violence to solve conflicts, are teaching the same destructive behavior to their children.\n- Jobs can be lost or careers stalled because of injuries, arrests, or harassment.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Manners and Customs of the Jews by Henry Benton\nCHAPTER 21 -- BOOKS, AND SUBSTANCES WRITTEN UPON.\nWe are plainly told that the commandments were \"the writing of God, graven upon the tables.\" These tables were flat, thin pieces of stone. Also the names of the children of Israel, worn upon the high priest's shoulders, were to be engraved on different sorts of precious stone, with the work of an engraver, like the engravings of a signet. And for the high priest's mitre it was directed, \"Thou shalt make a plate of pure gold, and engrave upon it like the engravings of a signet, Holiness unto the Lord.\"\nThe letters were engraved or cut into these hard substances that they might last, and not be rubbed out like common writing. When Job wished that his words should be preserved, he says, \"Oh, that they were graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock for ever,\" Job 19:24. This method of writing is still used for inscriptions on buildings, etc., but it was much more used formerly. Among the ruins of ancient cities in Persia, Egypt, Greece, etc., many very long inscriptions are found, engraved upon the walls of buildings, and upon rocks. In a part of Arabia, near mount Sinai, there are large mountains or rocks covered with writing, though the meaning of the words cannot be made out.\nAmong the ruins of Babylon, bricks are found with inscriptions upon them. The letters or marks are something like the heads of arrows or nails, but no one has yet been able to make out their meaning. It is supposed they may have been part of the tower of Babel; whether this is correct or not, they must be very ancient. The writing has been engraved or impressed into these bricks. Major Denham, who lately traveled in Africa, also found long inscriptions cut into the rocks in several places.\nThis engraving of writing, or cutting the letters upon hard substances, was very generally practiced in cases of importance, as being much more lasting than other methods. When Dr. Buchanan was in India, the Jews in Malabar showed him a brass plate, on which was engraved the grant of some privileges from an ancient king, about the year AD 490. He also found similar tablets in the possession of the Syrian Christians in the south of India. Some of these, and copies of others, are now in the public library at Cambridge. And some persons have supposed that Samuel engraved the word Ebenezer upon the stone he set up when God had smitten the Philistines, I Samuel 7:12. This method of writing was practiced in later times, upon wood and other substances.\nTo the law of God being engraven the apostle refers, when describing the work of the Holy Spirit upon the heart of the believer; he speaks of it as written, not with ink, (which might be rubbed out,) but as engraved or cut into the substance, and not upon tables of stone, but upon the heart of the believer, II Corinthians 3:3, see also Jeremiah 31:33, Ezekiel 11:19. O That this may be the case with our hearts. My dear readers, may the Lord write his law in your hearts, and be your God, making you his children, forgiving your iniquity, and blotting out the writing that is against you. For dreadful is the state of those in whom sin is graven upon the table of their hearts, Jeremiah 17:1. O let us earnestly pray, that this may not be our case; but that God will put his truths into our minds, enabling us to do his will in all things.\nAnd if the law of the Lord be thus engraved on our hearts, we must beware lest we should be satisfied to let it be obscured or covered with the evil which by nature cleaves to our hearts, even as a writing engraved upon a stone may be covered over with dirt or rubbish. Remember, God says, \"My son, give me thy heart,\" Proverbs 23:26. He will not be satisfied with a divided heart, and he also commanded, \"Keep thy heart with all diligence; for out of it are the issues of life,\" Proverbs 4:23. But it is the Lord himself who engraves the graving thereof, Zechariah 3:9, and upon him that overcometh will be written the name of the Lord; see Revelation 3:12, and that writing shall not perish or decay. Reader, watch over your heart; pray that the Holy Spirit may sanctify or make it holy.\nWe may inquire farther respecting the substances used for writing upon. Job, chapter 19:24, expresses his desire, that his words should be written upon lead as well as upon a rock. Montfaucon says, that in the year 1699, he purchase at Rome an ancient book, entirely of lead, about four inches long and three inches wide; it had six leaves, and two covers, and was written over with ancient Egyptian figures, and writing which he could not understand.\nBrass was used for matters of importance. In the first book of Maccabees we read of treaties between the Romans and the Jews, written on tables of brass, chapter 8:22 and 14:18, and although the books of Maccabees are not the word of God, yet they may be referred to for information as to history and customs, as they were certainly written a very long time ago. It was the custom of the Romans to preserve their laws and records upon tablets of brass; and it is related that a fire in the capitol at Rome, in Vespasian's reign, destroyed three thousand of these tablets. The ancient tablets of brass, discovered by Dr. Buchanan in India, have been already noticed; they are six in number, and, upon the plate said to be the oldest, the writing is very like that upon the bricks found at Babylon.\nWood was very frequently used. Sometimes the tablets of wood were engraved, the letters being cut into them. Or a thin coat of wax was spread over the wood, and the words were scratched upon the wax, with a sharp pointed metal bodkin, or a stick. And sometimes the words were written with ink upon the tablets. The writing upon sticks, mentioned in Ezekiel 37:16 appears to have been engraved or cut into them. In our own country, in former times, words were engraved upon sticks, which were put into a wooden frame; some of these still exist. Almanacs also were cut upon sticks; these may be found among the inhabitants of Sweden.\nThe ancient letters sent by persons one to another were in general written upon tablets of wood. The different pieces were tied together with a thread or string, and a seal put upon the knot, so that no one could read what was written till the seal was broken.\nAmong the natives of Africa and the east it is very common to have writing boards, like schoolboys' slates, upon which persons write with ink, and rub it out when done with. When Mr. Park was at Koolkooro, in Africa, his landlord brought him a writing board, asking him to write upon it. Mr. Park did so; the African then washed the writing from the board and drank the water, for the poor ignorant man thought it would be of use to protect him from harm! Such tablets of wood are commonly used in schools in those countries. The prophets sometimes wrote upon tables of wood; see Isaiah 30:8, Habakkuk 2:2 and the writing table which Zacharias made signs for, when desired to name his son, Luke 1:63, was a wooden tablet; perhaps it was covered with wax. Such tablets are mentioned by Greek and Roman writers, and were used in England till after the year 1300.\nLeaves were formerly used, and still are so, for writing upon; many ancient authors mention them. In India, and particularly in Ceylon, they make use of the leaves of some trees which are very broad and thick; these are cut into slips, and smoothed, and they write upon them with sharp pointed bodkins. To make a book, several leaves are strung together. These leaves are called Ollas, and the missionaries have frequently used them for writing tracts upon. But this way of preparing tracts is very expensive, and the leaves are liable to break, so that they now use paper, and print the tracts. For this purpose, large quantities of paper are sent out every year, by the Religious Tract Society. The missionaries are very glad to receive this paper, but they wish to have a great deal more, as the grown people and children are very eager for the books they print.\nThe bark of trees has been used in all countries to write upon., The word book, in Latin, (liber) is the name by which the inner bark of trees is called in that language. In Sumatra bark is still much used for books; and the North American Indians have made great use of it for their picture writing.\nLinen was used in former times, particularly by the Egyptians; many of their linen books, and writings upon linen, remain to this day. They are frequently found with the mummies, or dead bodies of persons who died a long time ago, which have preserved or embalmed in the same manner as the bodies of Jacob and Joseph. See Genesis 1, 2, 26.\nSkins of animals were also used, and that long before people had found out how to make them into parchment. These leather and linen books were in the form of long rolls. It is probably that the book of the law, written by Moses, and given by him to the priests, Deuteronomy 31:24ff was of linen or leather; and that the book of the law, found by Hilkiah, II Chronicles 34:14, was of this sort. It may have been the same book that was written by Moses. When Dr. Buchanan was in India, he found a very old copy of the law, written on a roll of leather about fifteen feet long. Many such rolls exist; some of them more than a hundred feet in length. Perhaps you will wonder how they could read in such a book or rolls, which was the general form of books in ancient times. I will try to describe it. The rolls were several feet long, but not very wide, generally about twelve or fourteen inches; the writing upon them was in pages, beginning at one end of the roll and so proceeding to the other. The ends of the rolls were often fastened upon sticks; the roll was opened at the beginning just enough to allow of a page or two being read. The ancient manuscripts were all written in capital letters, and without divisions of the words, so that the roll when first opened looked something like this:\nINTHEBEGI WORDWASG EMADEBYHI INHIMWASLI\nNNINGWAST ODTHESAME MANDWITHO FEANDTHELI\nHEWORDAN WASINTHEB UTHIMWASN FEWASTHELI\nDTHEWORD EGINNINGW OTANYTHIN GHTOFMENA\nWASWITHG ITHGODALL GMADETHA NDTHELIGHT\nODANDTHE THINGSWER TWASMADE SHINETHIND\nOf course there were more lines in a page, and more letters in a line than in this representation; see also the representation on an ancient manuscript, page xxx. How it would puzzle my readers if their books were printed in this manner. It shows how improvements are introduced by degrees.\nThe part read was then rolled up, and more opened, so that the whole book could be read without the difficulty which there must have been if the lines had gone all along, from one end to the other, so as to require the whole roll to be opened at once. Sometimes both sides of the roll were written upon, Ezekiel 2:10.\nThe rolls, or books rolled up, are often mentioned or alluded to in the Bible, Ezra 6:2, Isaiah 8:1, 34:4, Ezekiel 2:9, Revelation 6:14. The scribes, or persons employed in writing, were considered to be persons of some importance. From Ezekiel 9:3,5,11, it appears they wore their inkbottles, or inkhorns, at their girdles. The prophecy of Jeremiah, sent to Jehoiakim, was written by Baruch, with ink, in the roll of a book; and it is plain that this book was of some soft substance, as the king was able to cut it to pieces with a penknife, before he cast it into the fire, Jeremiah 36:23.\nThat is an awful instance of the way in which many despise the word of God, and refuse to listen to its precepts and threatenings; often rejecting the promises of mercy, and the declarations of the love of God toward us, which are contained therein. It is indeed painful to think that some have even acted like Jehoiakim, and destroyed the word of God. The Romish priests often do so when they find Bibles or Testaments in the hands of people in Ireland; but it is very pleasant to find that there is an increasing desire to read the word of truth. There have been many instances of children refusing to give up their books, and rescuing them from the grasp of the priests. One very pleasing anecdote I must mention. A priest succeeded in tearing a Testament from the hand of a child; but the little Bible scholar had endeavored to hide the word of God in his heart, and exclaimed, \"You may take away my Testament, sir; but you cannot take away the chapters I have learned by heart.\" In the days when popery prevailed in England, many persons learned the Psalms, and as many chapters as they could, for they knew that they would not be allowed to possess the word of God, when the papists had power to take it away. One of these excellent men had learned all the epistles.\nMy dear reader, if you have been taught to prize the word of God, and the truths it contains, pray earnestly, and implore the Most High that the bloody, persecuting religion of the church of Rome may never prevail in our land, as in former times, and as it now does in some countries. Read the accounts of the poor Lollards, and the martyrs in the days of queen Mary; and be thankful that you live in the present times. There were no Sunday schools in those days, no instruction for the young in the truths of the gospel, none of the beautiful hymns children now have to learn, no prayers which people in general could understand, but only prayers in Latin, and bowing down to images; and if, parents attempted to teach their children any thing better they were punished. In the year 1519, six men and a woman were burned alive at Coventry, for teaching their children the Lord's Prayer and ten commandments in English! Be thankful, children, for your privileges, and be diligent in improving them.\nParchment is made of the skins of goats, sheep, or calves prepared with care. It was known to the Jews, and being a later invention, and more valuable than skins of leather, was used for writings of the greatest importance; thus the apostle Paul, when writing to Timothy, desires him to bring the books he had left at Troas, but especially the parchments, II Timothy 4:13. The value and scarcity of parchment was so great before the invention of paper, that the writing was frequently effaced from rolls or books already written, and other works written instead. Some of the most ancient manuscripts of the Bible now know, had been written over in this manner, but the first writing can still be made out, thought not without difficulty. Another substance much used for writing upon, was a kind of paper, made from the thin skin or film which covered a sort of bulrush that grows in Egypt, and is called papyrus or biblos. It is found in abundance on the banks of the Nile and other streams, Isaiah 19:7. Among these reeds, or bulrushes, Moses was placed when his parents dared not keep him any longer. The daughter of the king found him there as is related in Exodus 2:3. These bulrushes are also mentioned in Isaiah 18:2. This paper was much used by the Romans and other nations. The manuscripts or books found in Herculaneum, the city which was buried under the ashes and lava from mount Vesuvius, in the year 79, and which remained unknown till about a hundred years ago, are all written on this sort of paper. They are rolls or long slips of different lengths, and about twelve inches wide; but the heart of the lava, and the length of time they remained untouched, it is very difficult to unroll or open them.\nDifferent sorts of paper have been made of bark of trees, cotton, silk, straw, and many other substances, but these as well as our paper, made of linen rags, were unknown to the ancient Jews. The paper mentioned in II John 12 was made of papyrus.\nThe ancients wrote upon many of these substances with ink. The first mention of this is in the writing of the prophecy of Jeremiah, by Baruch, which we read was written \"with ink in a book,\" or roll, Jeremiah 36:18. The prophet Ezekiel speaks of a writer's inkhorn; and the apostle John mentions writing with ink and pen, III John 13. Also the apostle Paul, II Corinthians 3:3. The pens were not of quills like ours, but of reeds, which are still used by eastern nations. Persons could write quicker with them than with the iron pens, or bodkins, which engraved or scratched the writing, this is alluded to in Psalm 45:1.\nThere were pens in some inkhorns found in Herculaneum, but they were merely pointed sticks like skewers.\nAnd now I have said all that occurs to me respecting books and writing. Printing was not discovered till about the year 1450; before that time books were but few in number, and cost much money. Yet, even in those times, Solomon could say, \"Of making books there is no end,\" Ecclesiastes 12:12. How much more is this the case in our days, and how many vain, trifling, silly, and even wicked or profane books there are! My readers, beware of bad books. We read, I Corinthians 15:33, that \"evil communications corrupt good manners;\" and, as the writer of the book of Ecclesiastes has well observed, a man cannot touch pitch without being defiled. Be assured that you cannot read bad books without injury. Flee the temptation, and if a bad book comes into your possession, as soon as you are aware of its contents, commit it to the flames. Remember what is said of the heavenly Jerusalem, \"There shall in no wise enter into it any thing that defileth, neither whatsoever worketh abomination or maketh a lie, but they which are written in the Lamb's Book of Life.\"", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Information on Modimolle, Limpopo Province, South Africa\nConference Venues South Africa brings you information on Modimolle situated in the Limpopo Province of South Africa including information on Facilities and Recreation, Climate, Founding, History Suburbs, Town Planning and Geography\nIn the 1860s, a Voortrekker group of Dutch religious zealots known as the Jerusalem Trekkers set off for the Holy Land. After discovering a river flowing northwards, they consulted the maps at the back of their Bibles and decided that it was the Nylrivier. They settled the town and called it Nylstroom in 1866. After discovering what they believed to be a ruined pyramid, they were convinced that they had found the Nile. It was in fact, a natural hillock, known to the locals as Modimolle. A Dutch Reformed Church was built in 1889 and is the oldest church in subsahara Africa north of Pretoria. It was also used as a hospital during the Second Boer War.\nThe first railway line reached Nylstroom in 1898, connecting the town to Pretoria. During the Second Boer War, the British operated a concentration camp in Nylstroom, where Boer women and children where interned as part of the British Scorched Earth policy. This subsequently led to the loss of 544 lives at the Nylstroom concentration camp. Strijdom Huis was the principal residence of the 6th Prime Minister of South Africa, JG Strijdom and is situated in Nylstroom\nTowns and Suburbs of the Limpopo province of South Africa\nBela-Bela , Ba-Phalaborwa , Hoedspruit , Immerpan, Leeupoort , Lephalele , Louis Trichardt , Mabula Gate, Magoebaskloof , Mokopane , Modimolle , Mookgopong, Musina , Naboomspruit , Nylstroom , Polokwane , Rooiberg , Sibasa , Thabazimbi , Thohayandou , Timbavati , Tshipise , Tzaneen , Vaalwater , Vivo , Waterberg", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Segregation Lines Starkly Divide Metropolitan Milwaukee\nMilwaukee is one of the most segregated metro areasin America, according to the latest census figures. 90 percent of African-American households in the region live in Milwaukee. The numbers also point to huge economic disparities smothering African-Americans who live in the central city. WUWM's Marti Mikkelson opens our seriesProject Milwaukee: Segregation Mattersby examining how the dividing lines became so entrenched.\nNate Holton has been working to make life better in Milwaukee’s central city. These days, he’s helping organize the county’s new Office on African American Affairs. Holton grew up in the Sherman Park neighborhood; its boundaries roughly extend from 30th to 60th Streets.\nHe takes me on a drive through the area. We start at 57th and Townsend, where Holton spent his childhood and teenage years in the 1990s. Rows of modest, well-kept brick homes.\n“It was a pretty integrated neighborhood and that was one of the things we liked about it. Our neighbor to our north was an elderly white woman who had been there for a long time, our neighbor to our south was an African-American couple,” Holton says.\nAs we head east on Burleigh, the people we see are nearly all African-American, and the properties appear to deteriorate.\n“The types of homes are similar, but they just don’t look as good. Whoever owns them hasn’t been able to keep them up like folks on 57th and Townsend have,” Holton says.\nThe neighborhoods may seem to blend one into another, but there are manmade and natural dividing lines, according to Marc Levine. He heads UWM’s Center for Economic Developmentand has been studying segregation in Milwaukee. He shows me maps on his computer that he says outline racial separation in Milwaukee.\n“The river is sort of the eastern boundary, you’ve got highways that are built, the construction of I-43 had a profound impact on the African-American community when it was built, 41 on the west side,” Levine says.\nLevine says those boundaries have helped solidify segregation in the community. He traces the origins of the situation back to the 1950s and 60s, when many African-Americans migrated to Milwaukee from the South for factory jobs – which were plentiful.\n“Milwaukee was a relatively booming industrial economy with jobs that were accessible to modestly skilled workers, particularly males who could work in manufacturing and Milwaukee was one of the leading manufacturing cities in the country,” Levine says.\nBut, Levine says in the 1980s, a recession hit and factories started closing. The downturn devastated the city’s north side where many manufacturers were located and African-American workers lived.\n“The 1980s were the brutal decade in Milwaukee. There’s just no question about it. All the data from my study on economic inequality and racial inequality in Milwaukee shows that that’s where the bottom really dropped out and that’s where the rate of black male non-employment increased, not just unemployment but falling out of the labor force and all sorts of consequences flowed from that,” he says.\nConsequences such as the drug trade, violence and mass incarceration. Community activist Nate Holton says that’s when his father moved the family.\n“We left that intersection because of crime. There was a murder in our alley and they marked up the chalk partially on our garage door and I think that was the final straw for my parents,” he says.\nHolton says his family was lucky because his father was a Milwaukee firefighter and had the money to move the family to a safer neighborhood. Deniece Fields stayed longer, watching many businesses come and go throughout the '80s and '90s. She particularly laments the loss of the Capitol Court mall.\n“It had every store that you needed from a grocery store called Kohl’s and then Kohl’s turned into a Save-a-Center. It had retail stores, it had a Target, the music store, all of the stores that we needed in the community were there, and then slowly but surely it started to die out,” she says.\nWhen Fields had the means, she moved to New Berlin, where she’s now a school principal.\n“I like the offerings out there, the types of homes and the level of peace especially as a single black woman going in and out of my home at all times of the day or night, I wanted to be somewhere safe. Not that there isn’t violence in New Berlin, that’s not what I’m saying but when you have a choice or an option to live in a place that has a lot more options, that’s what I choose. If I had children, I would rather raise them where I live now,” Fields says.\nYet Fields still belongs to a church in Milwaukee’s central city, and she comes back every Sunday for services because of her friendships here.\nLester Carter has never left. He’s standing behind the counter of the pharmacy he’s owned for 50 years: the Carter Drug Store on 24th and Burleigh.\nCarter says, when he first moved here, the neighborhood had a large German population, and his was one of a dozen stores. But he says they moved out and not much has moved in, to serve the many poor African-American people who remain.\n“Mostly grocery stores or empty buildings, or like on 8th and North that’s a vacant lot now and Dettman over here on Hopkins, that’s a church now and they’re all gone, all of them,” he says.\nYet, Carter says he’s noticed recently, a few things changing for the better. “You have to give people credit, this church group, pastors, they’re sponsoring a lot of these new homes that they’re putting up, so there’s a definite effort to improve the area,” he says.\nWhile there are bright spots, UW-Milwaukee’s Marc Levine says a large number of African-Americans in the central city continues to live in poverty.\n“For example, the percentage of African-Americans living in concentrated poverty neighborhoods is now about 31 percent. That’s better than 46 percent as it was in 1990 but it still means about one-third of African-Americans live in concentrated poverty neighborhoods. That’s the second highest rate of any metro area in the country,” he says.\nFor more on this topic, explore our Project Milwaukee: Segregation Matters series.\nHave a question you'd like answered about segregation in Milwaukee? Submit your query below.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "- 1 Introduction\n- 2 MAC Spoofing Warning\n- 3 Other Location Tracking Risks\n- 4 MAC Spoofing on Different Networks\n- 5 Changing MAC Addresses\n- 6 References\n- 7 License\nAll network cards, both wired and wireless, have a unique identifier called a MAC address.  MAC addresses are stored in hardware and are used to assign an address to computers on the local network.\nThe MAC address is normally not traceable because it is not passively sent to computers beyond the local router.  However, other computers on the local network can potentially log it, which would then provide proof the user's computer connected to that specific network. If users intend to use an untrusted, public network then MAC spoofing should be considered. \nMAC Spoofing Warning\nApart from the difficulty in creating an appropriate MAC address for spoofing purposes, there are also technical hurdles to overcome in the form of preventing automatic network connections.\nIt is futile to prepare a spoofed MAC address if the computer instantly connects to the public network after booting, disclosing the user's real MAC address in the process:\n- Physical Isolation: Whonix-Gateway ™ automatically connects to Tor after start.\n- USB Wi-FI Device: Automatic connections might also occur, depending on the configuration.\n- VM users: The host operating system most likely automatically connects via updates, perhaps time sync, and other avenues.\nBurner Wi-Fi USB Sticks\nOne immediate workaround for the Wi-Fi card profiling threat is to buy new \"burner\" Wi-Fi USB sticks from different manufacturers. Take care to disable the computer's native Wi-Fi functionality in the BIOS settings if pursuing this option -- the computer's characteristics will have likely been logged if it was ever used from an untrusted hotspot. Burner devices should only be enabled for connectivity at the intended public destination. If this advice is ignored and burner devices are used for network connections at locations tied to or regularly visited by the user, this can lead to deanonymization. A different burner stick should be used for each new location to avoid geographical profiling / tracking.\nRandom MAC Addresses\nThe problem with using a random MAC address is that the chosen vendor ID may be non-existent. Even if it exists, it is possible to end up with a vendor ID which has either never been used or not for decades. When spoofing MAC addresses, it is critical to use a popular vendor ID. The initial, second part of the MAC address can safely be random or unique. \nResearch on this issue is still ongoing. At present, Whonix ™ cannot provide detailed instructions on how to create appropriate MAC addresses fulfilling the criteria above.\nOther Location Tracking Risks\nAuthentication Fingerprinting Techniques\nAn authentication technique can fingerprint devices by observing inter-packet timings on a LAN's wire-segment; one side effect is that user devices can be tracked. The timing effects are the result of how various components in a machine create packets.  Fortunately, this technique cannot be used to identify devices across the Internet. \nThis technique can be defeated by inducing random delays in a machine's packet stream. Since there is no problem with impersonating other devices on the LAN, it does not matter that such an authentication system will view these machines as \"unknown\".  Note also that spectrum analyzers have been used to fingerprint the unique electromagnetic (EM) characteristics of a Wi-Fi card. The disposable USB Wi-Fi workaround described further above would mitigate this attack. \nTor Entry Guard Fingerprinting\nDealing with the MAC address problem is only one piece of the larger location tracking puzzle. Users must also contend with changing the usual Tor entry guards used for connections across different locations, in order to prevent guard fingerprinting. To mitigate this threat, follow one of the recommended configurations:\n- Clone Whonix-Gateway ™ (sys-whonix) with New Entry Guards.\n- Regenerate the Tor State File after Saving the Current Tor State.\n- Configure Tor to use Alternating Bridges.\n- If moving to a new location permanently, create Fresh Tor Entry Guards by Regenerating the Tor State File.\nTo fully thwart this threat, entry guard changes are necessary for every Tor instance on the user's machine host (apt-transport-tor) and guest.\nMAC Spoofing on Different Networks\nIf the user's home network has a cable modem internet connection, the ISP either provides the cable modem device as part of the service or requires pre-registration of the MAC address of the self-provided cable modem in order to setup the service.\nIf a user manages to hack or change the MAC address of the modem, the service would immediately cease functioning because the IP address assignment is apportioned for, and bound to, that specific MAC address. As a result, when connecting from behind a cable modem/NAT router, MAC address spoofing of the computer's ethernet adapter may be pointless. If a user is traced, the trackable endpoint will be the MAC address of the cable modem device.\nThe MAC address should not be changed in this scenario, otherwise it may bring undesired administrator attention to the service/user and/or simply prevent access to the Internet.\nUsing Personal Computers in a Public Network\nIn this scenario, the MAC address must be changed and a new set of Tor entry guards should also be configured.  Attempts should be made to disguise the use of Tor from the administrator of the public network. Depending on the user's configuration, this may involve using an obfsproxy bridge or the tunneling of traffic through SSH or a VPN prior to connecting to the Tor network.\nDepending on the user's threat model, changing the MAC address and using Tor might rule out revisiting that public network again in the future. If the same public network will be reused, then it is necessary to decide whether to use the same MAC address (and set of Tor entry guards) or to generate a new one.\nIf MAC address logging by the administrator is suspected, it is unwise to change the MAC address and arouse suspicion. If it is assessed the network is sufficiently public and observation is unlikely, then it might be safe to use a new MAC address -- with a popular vendor ID and random/unique second part (identifier) -- each time the network is used.\nFor further discussion on this rather complex topic, see Dev/MAC.\nChanging MAC Addresses\nIf you are interested in MAC address spoofing in Non-Qubes-Whonix ™, please press on Expand on the right.\nQubes users can manually change MAC addresses in the NetVM by following either the Network Manager or macchanger guides. MAC Address Randomization capability for Wi-Fi [archive] has been implemented, but it is not applied by default.\nRefer to the following Qubes documentation and related support items for further information and advice:\n- Qubes documentation: Anonymizing your MAC Address [archive]\n- Qubes-Users forum: Instructions for Installing Macchanger Needed [archive]\n- Explore local network privacy solutions beyond MAC address randomization [archive]\nThe following steps spoof the MAC address in Windows 10 via Device Manager: \nWindows Key + X.\n- Expand the list of network adapters.\n- Right-click the appropriate adapter.\n- Navigate to\n- Enter any 12 digit hexadecimal value.\nReboot the computer for the changes to take effect. To check the changes are functional, in a terminal run.\nThe physical address of the adapter should show a new MAC address.\nSee footnote. \n- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address [archive]\n- Unless the computer is infected with malware [archive] designed to disclose this identifier.\n- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_spoofing [archive]\n- Why MAC Address Randomization is not Enough: An Analysis of Wi-Fi Network Discovery Mechanisms [archive]\n- Also note that if MAC address changing is always enabled, it might cause connectivity problems on some networks.\n- A Passive Technique for Fingerprinting Wireless Devices with Wired-side Observations [archive]\n- The primary weakness of this technique is that it relies on fine-grained packet timing; timing that is lost as a result of buffering in switches and routers. Therefore, this technique and similar methods are not suited for identification across the Internet. Rather, it is perfectly suited for the significant challenge of local network access control and other local network activities like counterfeit detection.\n- Figure 7(a) shows attackers that can vary their packet sizes, change their data rate, and tunnel their packets through another protocol. Figure 7(b) presents attackers that can introduce constant or random delays to the packet stream and load the CPU with intensive applications to overshadow normal behavior. Figure 7(c) shows an attacker that can modify or change its operating system. GTID (the passive fingerprinting method) detects these attacks and classifies all of these devices that generated attack traffic from previously seen devices as unknown.\n- There have also been physical layer approaches to fingerprinting wireless devices. Radio frequency (RF) emitter fingerprinting uses the distinct EM characteristics that arise from differences in circuit topology and manufacturing tolerances. This approach has a history of use in cellular systems and has more recently been applied to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth emitters. The EM properties fingerprint the unique transmitter of a signal and these differ from emitter to emitter. This technique requires expensive signal analyzer hardware to be within RF range of the target.\n- This process involves removal of the /var/lib/tor/state file.\n- https://www.online-tech-tips.com/computer-tips/how-to-change-mac-address/ [archive]\n- https://superuser.com/questions/1190550/physical-and-wireless-interfaces-in-macos [archive]\n- https://windowsreport.com/mac-address-changer-windows-10/ [archive]\nWhonix ™ MAC Address wiki page Copyright (C) Amnesia <amnesia at boum dot org>\nWhonix ™ MAC Address wiki page Copyright (C) 2012 - 2020 ENCRYPTED SUPPORT LP <firstname.lastname@example.org>\nThis program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details see the wiki source code.\nThis is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; see the wiki source code for details.\nThis is a wiki. Want to improve this page? Help is welcome and volunteer contributions are happily considered! Read, understand and agree to Conditions for Contributions to Whonix ™, then Edit! Edits are held for moderation. Policy of Whonix Website and Whonix Chat applies.\nCopyright (C) 2012 - 2020 ENCRYPTED SUPPORT LP. Whonix ™ is a trademark. Whonix ™ is a licensee [archive] of the Open Invention Network [archive]. Unless otherwise noted, the content of this page is copyrighted and licensed under the same Freedom Software license as Whonix ™ itself. (Why?)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "I need to update this site more frequently! I have a new paper out with my collaborators Andrea Orellana Abreu, Joule Bergerson and Heather MacLean in Environmental Science and Technology entitled “Statistically Enhanced Model of In Situ Oil Sands Extraction Operations: An Evaluation of Variability in Greenhouse Gas Emissions”. Joule and I worked on the Bakken LCA back in 2016. Both she and Heather are wonderful collaborators and I’ve been truly blessed to have the opportunity to work with them both.\nThe paper itself addresses the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with oil sands production (although not the refining of the crude oil or the combustion of fuels or chemicals manufactured from the oil). Specifically, it addresses in situ oil sands extraction, i.e. the extraction technologies that are used to extract the crude oil via oil wells. Extraction of oil sands technologies via mining is not addressed in this paper.\nIf you’d like to learn more about oil sands, I recommend the following site. The Wiki (as of March 1st, 2018 when I wrote this) is pretty good too. The sands constitute one of the world’s largest petroleum reserves, but the oil (or bitumen, as it’s called) is very thick, which makes its extraction different than many other crude oils. Technologies used to extract oil sands are also used to extract “heavy” oil in California and Venezuela.\nAlthough unrelated to my paper, this Lego build is the type of excavator used to mine the oil sands near Fort McMurray, Alberta. Absolutely amazing work!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "T-93: Monitoring the Lakes\nAt just before the closest point during this flyby, the visible and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) instrument will acquire images of Ligeia Mare and Punga Mare, the second and third largest known bodies of liquid on Titan respectively. Monitoring the Titan lakes is important for looking at how they evolve over time and seasons. Are they evaporating and getting smaller, or staying the same, or getting larger?\nEarlier in this flyby, observations of specular reflection will be possible if liquid bodies are present in the area near Ara Fluctus (57.3 N, 131.2 W) and (58.4 N, 151.7 W). After closest approach, ISS will acquire high-resolution images of Ontario Lacus on the terminator as the Sun sets for southern winter.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "De Soto National Wildlife Refuge\nDeSoto National Wildlife Refuge is located in the migratory bird corridor of the Missouri River floodplain and provides essential habitat for resident, migratory and endangered species. High quality floodplain forest, grassland, wetland, sandbar and riverine habitats support diverse and productive populations of migratory waterfowl, shorebirds and neotropical birds, as well as rare, threatened and endangered species including the pallid sturgeon, piping plover and least tern.\nListen to or download audio files below.\nLearn about the fascinating geology found in the De Soto National Wildlife area from IAS member De Anna Tibben. Listen to or download the file below.\nThe ecology and conservation found at De Soto National Wildlife Refuge is discussed by IAS member William R. Clark. Listen to or download the file below.\nListen to or download both narrations as one mp3 file below.\nVisit the Desoto National Wildlife Refuge webpage by clicking here.\nThe Iowa Academy of Science's National Wildlife Refuge Audio Series was funded with a grant from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Robotics Engineering Assignment Help\nRobotics is the department of electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, electronic engineering and computer science that deals with the design, building, process, and use of robots, in addition to computer systems for information processing, sensory feedback, and their management.\nThese technologies resemble people in appearance, conduct,\nand cognition, or deal with automated machines that could take the position of people in dangerous surroundings or making procedures. A lot of the current robots are inspired by nature bringing to the subject of bio-inspired robotics.\nToday, robotics is a fast growing area as technical improvements continue; studying, designing, and constructing new robots functions which have various practical goals, whether domestically, commercially, or militarily. Many robots do tasks which are dangerous to individuals for example defusing bombs, mines and investigating shipwrecks.\nRobotics engineers are engineering technologists who use principles from production, mechanical and electrical engineering to design and evaluation robots, automated systems and new programs. People should work as a robotics engineer, their responsibilities might include supervising engineers and other technicians, debugging applications, calibrating and servicing robots, incorporating robots with other mechanical devices and reviewing designs and computations.\nThis profession demands that people should have knowledge about math, computer programming and computer-aided design and drafting and skillful with hand tools. People will generally work as part of a team due to the collaborative nature of the area.\nRobotics Engineer is a specialized kind of Engineer. It is also referred to as Automation, Robotics and Engineer, and Automation Robotics Engineer.\nRobotics engineer is a behind the scenes designer who is in charge of creating robots and robotic systems which can do obligations that individuals are unable or prefer not to finish. Through their creations, a robotics engineer helps to make jobs simpler, safer, and much more efficient, especially in the production sector.\nA robotics engineer will spend most of their time in designing the strategies needed to construct robots. In addition, they design the procedures essential for the robot to run right. A few of these professionals are in charge of designing the machines which actually assemble the robots. The design stage was finished only when they move toward assembling the unit.\nThis kind of engineer accounts for creating a number of different kinds of robots which are used to finish various distinct tasks. Prior to a robot being built, the engineer discovered and will have studied the way it will achieve its aim as well as what the robot will be used for. For all these professionals, the building procedure will take an excellent deal of time. Robots are hard and highly specialized to create as well as the job could be quite catchy. That is why it is common for a robotics engineer to work on some of tasks throughout the whole career. Professionals in this area want to be rather patient.\nTypical day to day responsibilities comprise:\n— Designing software systems to control their robotic systems such asthose robots taken for production\n— Designing automated robotic systems which are accustomed to improve the creation and precision degrees within a particular sector\n— Analyzing and assessing robotic systems and the created models. This is usually a never ending task, since technology is always changing and improving.\n— Reviewing and approving design computations and cost estimates\n— Teaching strategies routes to robots\n— Performing research into functioning, the design and performance of systems or robotic mechanism parts\nIt is an increasing engineering area. Robotics engineering is a breeding ground for innovation and imagination from people who have a background in software engineering or mechanical electronics. Robots are extensively used on production lines; hands-on technical occupations can certainly be seen in the robotics engineering area, however in addition, there are a lot of chances to take more creative functions in experimental grounds.\nRobotics engineers come from various engineering foundations such as mechanical, electric, and software engineering, though some schools do offer applications in robotics engineering especially.\nRobotics could be the most interdisciplinary of engineering efforts. Electrical engineers design the control electronics, power amplifiers, signal conditioning, etc. of the robot. Electromechanical engineers may work on the sensors of the robot. Computer engineers will design the computing hardware of the robot. Robot kinematics is an amazing use of mathematics. An undergraduate school degree in some of these areas is a great method to begin as a robotic engineer.\nSoftware engineering may be the Achilles heel of robotics. The mechanical, electrical and computer engineers have constructed amazing machines; however they are incredibly hard to place into creation. It is because they cannot easy to educate. Anexpert technician has to program the every movement of robot to the tiniest minutia. Robotics engineers are being hired by businesses.\nMechatronics engineers design embedded systems used in automation and computer integrated production, autonomous robotic vehicles, control systems for shaking and rate, microsurgical system and much more by using their interdisciplinary engineering knowledge.\nMechatronics engineers are team leaders in production and the design of smart devices. A number of the well-known smart devices are cell phones, climate controls and assorted navigation and control systems used in automobiles, planes and boats.\nApplication of Mechatronics is the robot with its electric and mechanical parts, detectors and computer software operating together. Robotics covers cutting edge engineering knowledge in various industrial sectors such as biomedical, shield and production.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The psychology of the scare: Why people are drawn to horror films\nPosted October 31, 2016\nAmid a crowded summer at the box office this year, the movie “Lights Out” (PG-13) was one of several horror films to break out, as it used the marketing slogan, “You were right to be afraid of the dark,” essentially daring audiences to see if they could handle it. Audiences responded by turning out in droves as the movie earned a reported $148 million worldwide on a $4.9 million production budget, according to boxofficemojo.com\nThe scare tactic worked. The movie, which is about a demon who only shows up when a person turns off the lights, was well-received by audiences and critics alike, scoring a 77 percent and a \"certified fresh\" rating on the review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes as well as a “B” CinemaScore from opening-day audiences.\n“Lights Out” wasn’t the only horror film to perform well this summer. “The Conjuring 2” (R), “The Shallows” (PG-13) and “Don’t Breathe” (R) also performed similarly. This past weekend, the Halloween-themed horror film “Ouija: Origin of Evil” (PG-13) continued this successful trend by opening to $14.1 million, surpassing its production budget of $9 million in just one weekend, according to boxofficemojo.com.\nReaction to horror\nWhy is it that people are drawn to these horror films that are clearly designed to scare them?\nGlenn Sparks, a professor at Purdue University whose main research emphasis is the emotional reaction people have to media messages, has spent a lot of time researching the reaction that both children and adults have to frightening media. In an interview with the Deseret News, he emphasized that not everyone enjoys this type of media.\nHorror films, according to Sparks, provide people with a physiological arousal, which includes an increase in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, respiration rates and muscle tension. This reaction creates a phenomenon where the emotion that is felt immediately after the film is over is intensified, causing lingering effects that can be either positive or negative, he said.\n“Research shows that these films can be serious business in terms of the emotional reaction people have,\" Sparks said. \"We have what we call the lingering emotional reaction. These fear reactions can be so disturbing in some cases that they really linger on for a while and continue to upset people long after the film is over. The more realistic the film is and the more the scenes and the characters in the film seem to resemble a person’s own reality, the more intense those reactions can be.”\nA little bit of anxiety is healthy, according to Mikle South, an associate professor of psychology and neuroscience at Brigham Young University who researches how anxiety develops. If a person sees a rattlesnake on their path or if a bear is chasing them, the anxiety that develops can help save that person's life, South said. However, too much anxiety can be unhealthy as it begins to eat away at the brain and memory, causing people to forget things, lose things or make poor decisions.\n“Anxiety comes about, it seems, when either we’re too much afraid of something — so we turn little things into big things, activating our fight-flight system unnecessarily — and/or when we’re afraid of things for too long, so that we don’t calm down after the danger is past, so that leaves us worrying too much,” South said.\nFear and safety\nFilm director Alfred Hitchcock said, “Fear, you see, is a feeling that people like to feel when they are certain of being in safety,” pointed out Dennis Perry, an English professor at BYU who wrote a book comparing the works of Hitchcock and Edgar Allan Poe titled “Hitchcock and Poe: The Legacy of Delight and Terror.”\nWhile fear is not an inherently enjoyable emotion, Perry said the difference is like being in a runaway train verses riding a roller coaster, noting there is a combination of fear and delight with the latter.\n“If you are on a real runaway train, it wouldn’t be fun at all because you’d be afraid of dying,\" Perry said. \"But a roller coaster is fun because you know you are not going to die, but it gives you the illusion of being on a runaway train and in that process.”\nSparks said that there are some people who have sensation-seeking personalities who will enjoy activities such as skydiving or riding roller coasters that will also be attracted to horror films for similar reasons. It’s not the fear that people are enjoying, but rather the adrenaline rush that comes with these activities, he said.\nThose who frequently expose themselves to horror films also experience an emotional desensitization, according to Sparks, that causes the negative emotions to diminish in their intensity, thus causing the positive emotions felt during the film to linger on instead of the negative emotions.\nPerry pointed to a scene in Hitchcock’s “Psycho” (1960, R) where the main character, Lila Crane, is searching Norman Bates’ house for evidence after the disappearance of her sister. Lila makes the decision to go down to the basement. This gives the audience a rush of adrenaline because, while Lila is oblivious to what is about to happen, the audience watched Norman in a previous scene walk down to the basement and knows danger is coming.\nIn “Lights Out,” audiences experience an adrenaline rush each time the demon comes closer to the protagonist when the protagonist keeps turning the lights on and off.\nGood vs. evil\nReligious themes are present in many horror films even if they are sometimes presented in unconventional or despairing ways, said Dean Duncan, a film professor at BYU who has taught a media genres class that goes over the history of the horror genre.\n“I think a lot of people, probably everyone, is concerned about mortality and death and the evil that seems to reside within us or that we see around us,” Duncan said. “Horror is interested in religious questions and takes them very seriously, which isn’t always the case in the culture these days. I don’t know if we always like the conclusion. It may be despairing and certainly unconventional, but there’s a religious component.”\nThe horror movie “The Conjuring” (2013, R) has strong religious themes. While much of the movie is about paranormal investigators Ed and Lorraine Warren investigating a haunting, the overall theme of the movie is of choosing God over the devil.\nBefore the credits roll, a quote from Ed Warren is shown: “Diabolical forces are formidable. These forces are eternal, and they exist today. The fairy tale is true. The devil exists. God exists. And for us, as people, our very destiny hinges upon which one we elect to follow.”\nDuncan pointed to Mary Shelley’s novel “Frankenstein,” which has been adapted numerous times to film, as a horror story with religious themes. Duncan said that Shelley, despite not being conventionally religious herself, discusses themes such as origin and destination in “Frankenstein,” which reflect on certain tragedies Shelley went through in her personal life.\nReflecting societal issues\nHorror films can provide a way to deal with society’s fears, said John Hess, a filmmaker and co-founder of filmmakerIQ.com, a website that offers a series of free online film lessons, including one about the psychology of horror movies.\n“Horror often speaks to basic societal issues that we deal with,” Hess told the Deseret News.\nThe major zombie push recently could be a reaction to a society that was disconnected with itself, Hess suggested.\nMany horror films deal with societal issues or other themes on top of simply just being scary movies, including “The Babadook” (2014, not rated), which deals with depression and the loss of a loved one; “Mama” (2013, PG-13), which deals with issues relating to motherhood, and “Nosferatu” (1922, not rated), which is a German horror film about a culture that has no men left.\nSparks said that research has been done that shows that if there’s been a series of murders in a community, people are drawn to films that deal with the theme of criminals being overcome by law enforcement.\n“Seeing law enforcement overcome a violent threat might actually be comforting to people and give them the sense that their fears can be handled if they actually had to confront that themselves,” Sparks said.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "One of the main sources of small engine noise is the hot gases that are forced out of the cylinder during each exhaust stroke. A muffler does a good job of reducing exhaust noise. But after a season or two, exhaust gases leave a layer of soot in the muffler that creates additional resistance to gases exiting the cylinder. When hard soot accumulates, when the exhaust emits excessive noise or when cracks or holes appear, don't try to repair the muffler. Once a muffler shows signs of deterioration, replace it. This section covers the procedures for removing, inspecting and replacing your muffler. It's an inexpensive and simple job if you take the proper precautions. Always wait for the engine to cool completely before handling the muffler. The muffler's surface can remain very hot and can easily cause a burn, even after the engine is stopped. A rusty muffler can cut you, especially if it crumbles during replacement. If any sharp edges are exposed, use slip-joint pliers to remove the muffler.\nHow Your Muffler Works\nThe force of exhaust gases as they rush through the small opening in the exhaust valve produces shock waves. It's the muffler's job to reduce noise by routing the exhaust through a series of perforated baffles and plates that break up the sound waves. The inside of the muffler also functions as a spark arrestor, preventing exhaust sparks from exiting and igniting dry grass, leaves or debris.\nWe quickly notice when a muffler is not doing its job. Even small cracks or holes in the muffler can result in a dramatic increase in engine noise.\nInspecting The Muffler\nNOTE: MUFFLER'S SURFACE CAN REMAIN VERY HOT AND CAN EASILY CAUSE A BURN, EVEN AFTER THE ENGINE HAS STOPPED. ALWAYS WAIT FOR THE ENGINE TO COOL COMPLETELY BEFORE HANDLING MUFFLER.\n- Locate the muffler, which is usually near the cylinder head.\n- To determine if your muffler needs to be replaced, remove the muffler (cold) and shake it; there should be little or no noise heard, and limited amount of rust/debris coming from the inside. If a significant amount of noise and/or debris results from shaking, the muffler has probably deteriorated inside.\n- Check the outside of the muffler for signs of rust, dents, holes or cracks, any of which can restrict the exhaust and reduce the effectiveness of the muffler.\nRemoving The Muffler\nThe muffler body may be attached directly to the engine with mounting bolts or screwed into the engine body. On some mufflers, an extended pipe threads into the engine.\nIf the muffler is attached with mounting bolts and has locking tabs around the bolts, bend the tabs back far enough to fit a wrench over the bolt heads. Remove the bolts (image A) and detach the muffler.\nIf the muffler screws directly into the engine, apply some penetrating oil to the threads (image B) and let the oil work for several minutes. Tip the engine very slightly, if necessary to allow the oil to reach the threads. NOTE: Don't tip the engine sharply. This can cause oil to drain into the carburetor and air cleaner.\nSome mufflers are fastened with a threaded lock ring. Loosen it by tapping it counterclockwise with a hammer and pin punch. Then, grasp the muffler with slip-joint pliers and unscrew counterclockwise (image C).\nTo check for soot, tap the muffler body with a mallet or on a hard surface (image D). If the muffler is damaged or large quantities of soot cannot be dislodged, replace the muffler with original manufacturer's parts. If the muffler is in good condition, reattach it.\nDon't over-tighten the new muffler. If a lock ring is used, install it using a hammer and pin punch. NOTE: The smooth side of the lock ring must be against the cylinder in aluminum-block engines. The tooth side must be against the cylinder in cast-iron engines.\n- Brush the entire area to clear away dirt and debris. If left on the muffler, dried grass clippings and other debris can catch fire on the hot surface of the muffler.\nRemoving A Rusty Muffler\nA very rusty muffler may collapse or crumble as you twist it with a wrench. There's no harm done as long as you take care not to damage the muffler mounting threads in the engine block or other muffler fittings on the engine. If your muffler screws into the engine, cut the muffler body off with metal snips. Then, grasp the stem, using slip-joint pliers, and unscrew (image E). If the muffler breaks off, leaving a connecting pipe attached to the engine, grasp the pipe with slip-joint pliers and unscrew (image F).\nIf you wish to perform this replacement yourself, a good source for engine specifications and technical servicing information would be a Briggs & Stratton Repair Manual. The correct Repair Manual for your model engine is often listed in your engine's Illustrated Parts List. The \"Service and Storage\" section of your Operator's Manual will also inform you of which repair manual your engine requires.\nYour best source of information regarding any engine concern would be a Briggs & Stratton Authorized Dealer. Your Briggs & Stratton Authorized Dealer has all the information relating to Briggs & Stratton warranty information, replacement engines, short blocks, parts, pricing, service/repair, specifications, etc.\nNOTE: Please read and abide by any applicable Safety Information (PDF) before performing any engine work. This information is not meant to take the place of work performed by a Briggs & Stratton Authorized Dealer. Terms and Conditions apply to all of our information provided on this website. Always be sure to read and understand your engine Operator's Manual.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "AND THE EXPLORATION OF COSMOS\nNikola Tesla is discoverer of radio and remote control, so important\nfor computer guided spaceships from\nmission control centers. Nikola Tesla is the father of\nradio astronomy, in his laboratory\nin Colorado Springs, Colorado, in 1899 he recorded cosmic radio\nwaves. The cosmic radio waves were\nemitted from hydroxyl molecules of\ninterstellar gas clouds and the envelopes of Red Giant Stars.\nThey are very important for the exploration of cosmos. The\nBBC film Masters of the Ionosphere features Nikola Tesla as the\nfirst scientist who utilized the ionosphere for the scientific\npurposes. The ionosphere is the ionic-charged part of the\natmosphere, important for the transmission of radio waves.\nNikola Tesla signaled Mars by radio, he spent fifty years of his\nlife to establish communications among of the planets by means of\nThis is a collection of many of the best images from\nNASA's planetary exploration program.\nThe collection has been extracted from the interactive program\n\"Welcome to the Planets\" which was distributed on the Planetary Data\nSystem Educational CD-ROM Version 1.5 in December 1995.\nOn July 4,\n1997 the NASA Explorer robot Sojourner landed on Mars and became the\nfirst radio-guided vehicle to roam the surface of the Red Planet.\nRemotely controlled exploration of\nthe cosmos began 100 years ago when Nikola Tesla\ndemonstrated the invention of the robot in New York City. In\n1898 he filed and was granted a patent which described radio remote\ncontrol for use in guided vehicles. Space exploration\ndeveloped from this first building block. Tesla publicly\ndemonstrated his first working model of a robot guided by radio\nwaves. This device was unveiled to many astonished viewers at\nthe Electrical Exposition held at Madison Square Garden in May 1898.\nThis was front page news in America at that time. It was the\nfirst time that the radio waves were used to guide a movement of a\nrobot-eleven years before Marconi was awarded the Nobel Prize for\nthe discovery of radio in 1909. This historic moment at\nMadison Square Garden in New York City in 1898 showed what marvels\ncould be achieved by using radio waves. It was the beginning\nof robots and robotics, radio guided missiles and remote control.\nThe radio communications and the\ncomputer guided spaceships from mission control centers are based on\nTesla’s principal of radio remote control for use in guided\nNikola Tesla built a laboratory in\nColorado Springs, Colorado, in 1899, to experiment with high\nfrequency electricity and other phenomena. In that\nlaboratory he received and recorded on his sensitive instruments,\ncosmic radio waves. He announced that he received\nextraterrestrial radio signals. The scientific community in\n1899 did not believe him, because knowledge of cosmic radio signals\ndid not exist at that time.\nBut for decades now, observatory\nlaboratories all over the world, have been registering cosmic\nradio waves emitted from hydroxyl\nmolecules of interstellar gas clouds and the envelopes of Red Giant\nThose faint radio waves with high\npenetrating potential have frequencies between 1610.6 - 1613.8 Mega\nHertz. They are emitted from every cosmic material with\ntemperatures above absolute zero (minus 459.67 degrees Fahrenheit).\nTesla’s historic announcement of the\nexistence of extraterrestrial radio signals in 1899 was met by the\nscientific community at that time with resistance and disbelief. But\nit was not the first time in history.\nThe great 17th- century\nastronomer and physicist Galileo was sentenced to life in prison by\nthe inquisition court in Rome in 1633. He was punished for\nsupporting the Copernican Theory that the earth rotates around the\nsun. This is now a known fact, but at the time of Galileo,\naccording to Holy Scripture, the earth was the center of the\nUniverse and the sun rotated around the earth. The great\nscientific truth is sometimes going through rough road in order to\nreach the goal.\nThe BBC film Masters of the\nIonosphere features Nikola Tesla as the first scientist in the world who wanted to\nutilize the ionosphere for the benefit of humanity. The\nionosphere is the ionic-charged part of the atmosphere, important\nfor the transmission of radio waves. It is the earth’s shield\nfrom solar radiation. Today, most global radio communications\ndepends on the ionosphere. The existence of the ionosphere is\nknown since the 19th Century. It was once called\nthe Kennely-Heaviside layer after two scientists exploring its\nexistence. This thin air of the high stratosphere and beyond,\nwhere atoms and molecules are ripped apart and electrified by\nincoming cosmic and solar radiation is now known as the ionosphere.\nThe ionosphere is the electric atmosphere and a good conductor of\nradio waves, surrounded by a layer of some poorly conducting\nmaterial such as air.\nNikola Tesla also wanted to utilize\nthe ionosphere to transmit electrical energy without wires over long\ndistances. For that purpose, he built Wardenclyffe Tower in\nShoreham, Long Island (1901-1905), meant to be the first\nbroadcasting system in the world and a center of the wireless\ntransmission of electrical energy. Much of today’s technology in\ntelecommunications evolved from Tesla’s original ideas.\nNikola Tesla had a vision of radio\ncommunications with planets of the solar system. His\nWardenclyffe magnifying transmitter had sufficient energy, voltage\nand frequency of oscillations to reach that goal.\nTesla’s vision was the exploration of cosmos.\nTesla was a man ahead of his time.\nNew York, July 10, 1998\n-Dr. Ljubo Vujovic\nSecretary General, New York\nTesla Memorial Society", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Through unique eye- and face-tracking sensor technologies, with a key focus on alertness and attention, Seeing Machines technology enables key data and metrics to understand and improve human performance. This technology is unique. It is a non-wearable, unobtrusive system that can be adapted and integrated into various real-world environments to provide new data to optimise training and operational monitoring. This technology will challenge the ‘current way’ and provide a new perspective, with data that focuses on the human element, their alertness and performance.\nInsufficient knowledge of automation behaviour, mode confusion and loss of awareness, poor scanning techniques and over-confidence and trust in automation are all recognised as prevalent in today’s on and offshore helicopter crews. Poor visual scanning signals an emerging split between the pilot and the automated system, which leads to adverse safety outcomes. Inappropriate use of autopilot modes was cited in the fatal ditching of an Airbus AS332 L2 Super Puma near Sumburgh Airport, UK, in 2013. Addressing and rectifying these deficiencies is, however, quite difficult.\nSeeing Machines has pioneered the development and commercialisation of proprietary algorithms and hardware that helps machines to interpret the human face and eyes in order to understand their state.\nThe non-intrusive, fully automatic, camera-based technologies do not require the user to wear any form of hardware or sensors. The technology detects and locates a human face and then tracks in real-time without any form of pre-calibration or prior knowledge of the subject. The system can immediately provide a variety of accurate head- and eye-related data, measures and metrics including gaze tracking, microsleep detection and very accurate measures of pupil diameter. These core signals can then be integrated into mutually developed visualisations, or further interpreted to develop higher-level signals to support the use case of the carrier/operator.\nThe Seeing Machines data output that can be produced both in real-time or saved for post-run review/debrief is relevant to several key major aviation initiatives, including the following:\n- IATA (International Aviation Transport Association) Initiative of Evidence-based Training (EBT) from 2013 – building on over 20 years of flight operations.\n- A new evidence-based paradigm for competency-based training and assessment.\n- EBT Aim – identify, develop and evaluate the core competencies required by pilots to operate safely, effectively, and efficiently in a commercial air transport environment by managing the most relevant threats and errors, based on evidence collected in operations and training.\n- Pilot gaze tracking – a key enabler and contributor to enhanced EBT:\n- New training data – specific to where a trainee is looking.\n- Provides improved instructional awareness.\n- Supports early evidence-based identification, evaluation, development/correction and refinement of pilot competencies related to operation of the specific aircraft type.\nBackground and history\nThe venture between Toll Helicopters and Seeing Machines started immediately after the PACDEFF 2016 Human Factors Conference in Brisbane in November 2016. During PACDEFF, Seeing Machines and Boeing jointly briefed the early results from trials conducted with Seeing Machines tech on a B737 simulator at Brisbane Airport. At the same time, Toll Helicopters were at the peak of the training workload as they mobilised Australia’s largest ever aeromedical contract. Over a six-month period, they had to train 80 pilots and front seat crewman in AW139 aeromedical operations at the ACE Training Centre in Sydney, which housed a Level D AW139 Full Flight Simulator. Colin Gunn, then Chief Pilot for Toll, saw immediate correlation and potential benefits of the eye-tracking tech in helicopter training and the collaboration commenced.\nColin Gunn, then Chief Pilot for Toll, saw immediate correlation and potential benefits of the eye-tracking tech in helicopter training\nAt about the same time, two additional occurrences further supported investment in the tech. Firstly, Gretchen Haskins, CEO of HeliOffshore, a global safety-focused association for the offshore helicopter industry with a mandate to deliver industry-wide safety enhancements through collaboration with and between members, had recently released a list of HeliOffshore’s priorities for 2017. These priorities were perceived as the optimal commitments and investments that the industry could make to enhance aviation safety in the oil and gas industry. Several of the HeliOffshore priorities could be directly supported by the Seeing Machines technology, including:\n- Effective design and use of automation, including Flight Crew Operating Manual (FCOMs) and automation training videos.\n- Enhance situational awareness through better understanding of eye movement.\n- Evidence-based training to support effective operational performance.\nSecondly, Leonardo Helicopters was preparing to release the first ever FCOM for the AW139 type and was seeking industry input to not only optimise the FCOM itself, but to identify ways in which to optimise training and operations consistent with the FCOM guidance.\nResults are in\nSeveral trials/studies have been conducted to date. The benefits of Seeing Machines as an agile SME, combined with ease of availability of Toll’s AW139 Full Flight Simulator, saw the first trial conducted in mid-January 2017. The tech was installed in a rudimentary but non-intrusive manner and the results were immediate.\nThe initial integration provided headtracking and eyelid behaviour:\n- Headtracking provides precise detection and measurement of the frontal area and sides of a subject’s face and head in real-time.\n- The fully automatic, camera-based technology of Seeing Machines returns a comprehensive model of the face that includes the coordinates of all facial features, their current state and their rate of change. This includes a very accurate measure of blink rate and eyelid aperture.\nEye gaze tracking:\nEye gaze tracking is the measurement of where a person is looking. By directing a safe, invisible light source at a subject’s eye and then using a special camera to track the glint, it can interpret precisely where or what the subject is looking at.\nWhen combined with a precise understanding of the real-world environment, such as the cockpit of a helicopter and a Line Orientated Flight Training (LOFT) scenario, gaze tracking can be used in real-time (or recorded and played back) to help assess exactly how the subject is processing their visual surrounds.\nIn the initial trials, students benefited from improved debriefing from flight examiner instructors on use of checklists for all normal phases of flight and handling of emergency procedures both live during the training sortie, and afterwards in the debrief, with recorded material. Conversely, the flight examiners also noticed students (some of whom have 10-15 years flying aeromedical, SAR and/or offshore operations) managing their IF scan pattern or dealing with malfunctions in an alternate but perhaps more effective way than traditionally taught.\nWhen combined with a precise understanding of the real-world environment, such as the cockpit of a helicopter and a Line Orientated Flight Training (LOFT) scenario, gaze tracking can be used in real-time (or recorded and played back) to help assess exactly how the subject is processing their visual surrounds\nThe results generated from the initial study offered access to naturalistic pilot behaviours that would not normally be visible to an instructor/evaluator. The eye-tracking sensor suite delivers the capability to expand the understanding of native operator behaviour, thus enabling continuous improvement of the training system and methods.\nThe results of the initial study enabled some tweaks to camera placement, incorporation of an audio feed and also revealed the enhancement achievable through a rear-of-cabin-mounted video feed to see the bigger picture, including arm and hand movements simultaneously to the scan pattern. A further short trial occurred mid-February 2017 – to implement and confirm suitability of these enhancements.\nThe predominant impression following the second study was the increase in ‘contextual data’ that eye-tracking supplied beyond that which the observer assessment of a pilot and/or crew could give. The evaluators (instructors) were able to add considerable context to the performance of the subjects (or students). The second study reiterated that the delineation of ‘work imagined’ versus work done generated a core question: are the subjects doing something wrong that needs correcting, or are the training strategies simply ignoring the way expert practitioners behave on the line? What is required – do we correct the trainee or the training?\nThe results of these initial trials have largely remained in-house as the tech integration is being formalised. Toll’s Helicopter team continue to use learnings from the technology integration to understand more about how pilots monitor cockpit instruments and use automation during flight and to complement our focus on training to the FCOM.\nA further study was conducted in August 2017, in which a discrete set of emergency procedures were selected, including engine, electrical and avionics malfunctions, to evaluate and optimise aircrew response to these in a variety of settings, including the runway and offshore helidecks, by day and night – unaided. Again, the results were outstanding.\nIn its most simple form, what has been realised through these initial trials is that, knowing where a pilot is looking is ‘interesting’, but when the scan behaviour is matched to aircraft context, the results are ‘compelling’.\nA key focus area for the next phase of investigation will be a more effective application layer to support the instructor and fit into the workflow for both instructor and pilot/crew. This collaboration will also look to more closely identify the key areas of interest in terms of instrument/s, windscreen and chin bubble to ensure precise attention capture and ensure the most relevant information is presented at the most appropriate time.\nToll and Seeing Machines will present their findings at the PACDEFF Human Factors Conference in September 2019 at the Gold Coast in Queensland.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "(literally, \"National Defense\") was the name of the German armed forces from 1921\n, when Hitler\nchanged the name to Wehrmacht\nReplacing the Übergangsheer (\"Transitional Army\"), the Reichswehr came into existence in 1921 in accordance with the Treaty of Versailles, which strictly limited the character of the German armed forces, limiting the total number of personnel to a mere 100,000 men. The Reichsweir consisted of two forces - the Reichsheer, an army consisting of two seven infantry divisions and three cavalry divisions, and the Reichsmarine, a navy limited to only 15,000 men and a handful of tiny ships. Conscription of any kind and any air force whatsoever were completely proscribed by the treaty, as were large weaponry of any kind, including tanks, submarines, battleships, and modern artillery.\nThe Reichswehr was miniscule for a country of 70 million people, and was considered not even adequate to hold one of Germany's three major borders by the doctrines of the time. To insure that the Germans complied with the treaty restrictions, an Inter-Allied Military Control Commission kept careful watch over all aspects of German military activity. Nevertheless, the Reichswehr, under the capable command of Obergeneral Hans von Seekt, did all it could to prepare for a future return to glory. Think tanks and R&D units were concealed within civilian ministries, naval and airforce personnel were secretly trained abroad, and development proceeded on new military doctrines that would ultimately result in the \"blitzkrieg\" style of fast, coordinated, motorized warfare that swept across Europe in 1939-40.\nAfter Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, the secret expansion of the Reichswehr increased dramatically (by this time, the Allied Control Comission had been voluntarily withdrawn by the British and French as a foolhardy gesture of good faith). Finally in 1935, Hitler felt powerful enough to abandon all pretense, openly declaring national conscription and renaming the Reichswehr as the Wehrmacht (\"Defense Power\").", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Nanotechnology researchers say they have achieved a breakthrough that could fit the contents of 250 DVDs on a coin-sized surface and might also have implications for displays and solar cells.\nThe scientists, from the University of California at Berkeley and the University of Massachusetts Amherst, discovered a way to make certain kinds of molecules line up in perfect arrays over relatively large areas. The results of their work will appear Friday in the journal Science, according to a UC Berkeley press release. One of the researchers said the technology might be commercialized in less than 10 years, if industry is motivated.\nMore densely packed molecules could mean more data packed into a given space, higher-definition screens and more efficient photovoltaic cells, according to scientists Thomas Russell and Ting Xu. This could transform the microelectronics and storage industries, they said. Russell is director of the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center at Amherst and a visiting professor at Berkeley, and Xu is a Berkeley assistant professor in Chemistry and Materials Sciences and Engineering.\nRussell and Xu discovered a new way to create block copolymers, or chemically dissimilar polymer chains that join together by themselves. Polymer chains can join up in a precise pattern equidistant from each other, but research over the past 10 years has found that the patterns break up as scientists try to make the pattern cover a larger area.\nRussell and Xu used commercially available, man-made sapphire crystals to guide the polymer chains into precise patterns. Heating the crystals to between 1,300 and 1,500 degrees Celsius (2,372 to 2,732 degrees Fahrenheit) creates a pattern of sawtooth ridges that they used to guide the assembly of the block copolymers. With this technique, the only limit to the size of an array of block copolymers is the size of the sapphire, Xu said.\nOnce a sapphire is heated up and the pattern is created, the template could be reused. Both the crystals and the polymer chains could be obtained commercially, Xu said.\n“Every ingredient we use here is nothing special,” Xu said.\nThe scientists said they achieved a storage density of 10Tb (125GB) per square inch, which is 15 times the density of past solutions, with no defects. With this density, the data stored on 250 DVDs could fit on a surface the size of a U.S. quarter, which is 25.26 millimeters in diameter, the researchers said. It might also be possible to achieve a high-definition picture with 3-nanometer pixels, potentially as large as a stadium JumboTron, Xu said. Another possibility is more dense photovoltaic cells that capture the sun's energy more efficiently.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Web Exclusive: On the Level\nWe live in “the information age” thanks to digital technology and several means of instant data transmission. An article in Civilization magazine, a publication of the Library of Congress, got my attention with its title “The Knowledge Age.” A popular truism says that information is not knowledge, and knowledge is not wisdom. Is it wishful thinking, then, that suggests this age of data collection, manipulation and transmission is becoming an age of knowledge?\nAccess to information does not assure knowledge for any of us. Knowledge comes from evaluating and prioritizing information, applying what is relevant to a certain issue and discarding the rest. Every high school term paper starts with a visit to the library to search out relevant information on a chosen subject. Information is sorted, ideas and opinions are formed, and findings are presented. If something is learned in the process, knowledge is gained. If the student merely processes information to get a \"B,\" there is no gain of knowledge.\nThe Civilization article was subtitled “In a Haze of Information, Finding Truth” and implies that truth always proceeds from knowledge, a proposition rejected by fundamentalists of all persuasions. But for the purpose of this discussion, let’s accept the relationship of knowledge to truth. Which brings us to the mat where surveyors wrestle every day. There is perhaps no other occupation in which its practitioners work from raw data to a presentation of (presumed) truth so directly and so constantly.\nThe geographer deals with factual information as to relative position of people and places. As we have discovered, the geographers’ presentations in map form may influence how people view the world. Map projections that seem to give prominence to certain countries or continents beyond the reality of their size and position is an example of information presentation that influences our perception of truth.\nWhat is the truth about the elevation of a mountain? Depends. Elevation relative to what? Geodesy is finally defining a datum that will standardize our expressions of elevation. Several articles have appeared in recent years in journals and magazines on surveying describing the measurement of mountain tops not compared simply to sea level but to an abstract mathematical model based on the shape of the earth. The truth of elevation depends upon a criteria of our own invention and agreement, whether ellipsoid or geoid.\nFor the land surveyor, the journey from information to truth is more problematic. A topographic survey presents data about the position of features of a site, but how is that data accepted as truth? Depends. Someone must set a standard of accuracy to be satisfied by the data presentation. A manhole may be located to the nearest foot horizontally while its invert is measured vertically to the nearest one hundredth of a foot. The presentation of this information is accepted as truth but only because the criteria for truth has been established by invention and agreement.\nFor the cadastral surveyor the criteria for truth is even more elusive and the expression “haze of information” has real meaning. There is the written record to be studied and evidence in the field to be found, measured and evaluated. Precision of measurement must be applied to produce accuracy whose standards have been established and agreed to. Once again, truth is as it is defined by a standard established by invention and agreement—but note that there is relativity in this truth. In fact for the surveyor, all truth is relative, whether relative to an accepted datum or relative to an accepted standard. (For everyone else we leave it to the philosophers and theologians to decide whether there is absolute truth in this life.)\nThe ultimate step in the cadastral surveyor’s search for truth comes with a judgment of location of title to a particular parcel of land. The surveyor has examined the record, searched for evidence and made exhaustive measurements and may be possessed of full knowledge of the facts relating to the land title. It seems a simple step from there to a discovery of truth, but somewhere between full knowledge and a conclusion, there must be an application of wisdom and discernment. It is this step that distinguishes the professional surveyor from the technician. Knowledge of facts is necessary to finding truth, but the facts can lead different people, equipped with differing levels of wisdom, to reach different conclusions.\nThe final step to adjudicated “truth” is further complicated by the advocacy role of attorneys arguing on behalf of their respective clients. For the truly professional surveyor, truth is objective. For the advocate, truth is subjectively arrived at in favor of the attorney’s client and the client’s claim.\nThe surveyor’s presentation of his or her conclusion, whether in the form of a map or pins in the ground, is truth as the surveyor sees it. From everyone else’s point of view, it is merely the surveyor’s opinion; a court may find a different definition of “truth.” We are challenged by the purveyors of subjective truth or, to apply the more modern terminology, virtual truth. What is important for the surveyor is to distinguish between mere facts and knowledge, and between knowledge and objective truth.\nWhen seeking truth it is well to remember that there is objective truth and subjective truth, and that in the realm of law as it relates to land title, conclusive truth is to be defined elsewhere. The Civilization article might better have been titled “A Search for Knowledge and Truth in the Information Age.”", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Western Scrub-Jay flies out of a Rocky Mountain Juniper in the Sedona foothills.\nThe Southwest offers its own varieties of Juniper, some with berries, like the Rocky Mountain Juniper, Junipoerus scopulorum seen above.\nAnd others reproduce not by berries, but rather by brown seed cones, which may take two full years to develop. This Alligator Juniper, Juniperus deppeana is found in the rocky soils less than an hour drive from the city of Tucson, Arizona.\nThe Alligator Juniper was easy to identify by its unique alligatored or checker-board bark. It was a standout among the evergreens and the roughened layers of bark on this well named tree were mesmerizing. The Alligator's bark was its most telling feature and it quickly became ingrained in my mental search image.\nAnd not unlike our own Junipers, it provides shelter and habitat for many birds- including the Bridled Titmouse. Hope you are enjoying the Arizona adventures, wish I could have brought the sun back with me!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "We Make HASTE’s mission is to make people aware of their impacts on the environment and to encourage constructive discussions about how to reduce these impacts quickly enough to achieve sustainability.\nMore about HASTE\nOur objective is to promote sustainability. Sustainability involves meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. Understanding sustainability involves considering the complex interconnections between social, economic and environmental implications of our actions. Therefore, study, research and discourse are necessary to develop this understanding and determine how to best achieve our objective.\nWe Make HASTE is interested in studying sustainability on many scales. Individual sustainability considers impacts of our daily activities on a personal or family level. Communities, businesses and other organizations look at sustainability on a larger scale. Ultimately, sustainability must be studied on global scale. All of the elements at all scales are interconnected. Billions of individual actions added together would be at a global scale.\nSocial, economic and environmental considerations that are weighed in the evaluation of an actions’ sustainability are commonly referred to as the “triple bottom line.” But, these measurements can also be considered to be dimensions as we study the scale of implications. As with spatial dimensions, the fourth dimension of time must also be established to understand sustainability.\nCurrent human activities threaten the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Release of long sequestered carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as a result of burning coal, oil and natural gas is causing global temperatures to rise and oceans to be more acidic. Warmer water and melting glaciers are causing sea levels to rise. Rising sea levels threaten to displace coastal populations and contaminate freshwater supplies. Food supplies are threatened by increased risk of drought due to climate change and by increased risk of collapse of commercial fisheries due to climate change, ocean acidification and overfishing. Changes to human activities are, therefore, necessary to achieve sustainability.\nHumankind’s window of opportunity to achieve sustainability is limited due to factors that are tending to make it harder to reach a sustainable condition. For example, reduced polar ice cover reduces the amount of sunlight reflected out to space, thereby further increasing global warming. Also, as permafrost thaws, methane gas, which is a more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, will be released, further exasperating global warming. Furthermore, food shortages and displaced populations can lead to political instability which could hamper efforts to achieve sustainability.\nWe Make HASTE will:\n- Encourage people to think about human impacts on the environment and what can be done to achieve sustainability;\n- Facilitate access to information about environmental issues and sustainability for people to explore; and\n- Inspire people to act in ways that consider the condition of the planet that we are leaving for future generations.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "ROCKET LAUNCH PRODUCES NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS: On Tuesday morning, August 5th, a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket lifted off from Cape Canaveral carrying the AsiaSat 8 telecommunications satellite. About an hour and a half after the 4 AM launch, electric-blue clouds appeared over Orlando FL:\n\"These clouds appeared just before sunrise,\" says photographer Mike Bartils.\nThese are, essentially, man-made noctilucent clouds (NLCs). Water vapor in the exhaust of the rocket crystallized in the high atmosphere, creating an icy cloud that turned blue when it was hit by the rays of the morning sun. Years ago, space shuttle launches produced similar displays.\nNatural NLCs form around Earth's poles when water vapor in the mesosphere crystalizes around meteor smoke. Sometimes they spread as far south as Colorado and Utah, but rarely or never Florida. Electric-blue over the Sunshine State requires a rocket launch, and that's what happened today. Browse the realtime photo gallery for more images of the Falcon 9 launch:", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Lahiri Mahasaya was born on September 30, 1828, in the village of Ghurni in Bengal, India. At the age of thirty-three, while walking one day in the Himalayan foothills near Ranikhet, he met his guru, Mahavatar Babaji. It was a divine reunion of two who had been together in many lives past; at an awakening touch of blessing, Lahiri Mahasaya became engulfed in a spiritual aura of divine realization that was never to leave him.\nMahavatar Babaji initiated him in the science of Kriya Yoga and instructed him to bestow the sacred technique on all sincere seekers. Lahiri Mahasaya returned to his home in Banaras to fulfill this mission. As the first to teach the lost ancient Kriya science in contemporary times, he is renowned as a seminal figure in the renaissance of yoga that began in modern India in the latter part of the nineteenth century and continues to this day.\nParamahansa Yogananda wrote in Autobiography of a Yogi: “As the fragrance of flowers cannot be suppressed, so Lahiri Mahasaya, quietly living as an ideal householder, could not hide his innate glory. Devotee-bees from\nevery part of India began to seek the divine nectar of the liberated master….The harmoniously balanced life of the great householder-guru became the inspiration of thousands of men and women.”\nAs Lahiri Mahasaya exemplified the highest ideals of Yoga, union of the little self with God, he is reverenced as a Yogavatar, or incarnation of Yoga.\nParamahansa Yogananda’s parents were disciples of Lahiri Mahasaya, and when he was but a babe in arms his mother carried him to the home of her guru. Blessing the infant, Lahiri Mahasaya said, “Little mother, thy son will be a yogi. As a spiritual engine, he will carry many souls to God’s kingdom.”\nLahiri Mahasaya established no organization during his lifetime, but made this prediction: “About fifty years after my passing, an account of my life will be written because of a deep interest in Yoga that will arise in the West. The message of Yoga will encircle the globe. It will aid in establishing the brotherhood of man: a unity based on humanity’s direct perception of the one Father.”\nLahiri Mahasaya entered mahasamadhi in Banaras, September 26, 1895. Fifty years later, in America, his prediction was fulfilled when an increasing interest in yoga in the West inspired Paramahansa Yogananda to write Autobiography of a Yogi, which contains a beautiful account of Lahiri Mahasaya’s life.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In a recent posting on The Imaginative Conservative, Bruce Frohnen laments the loss of civility and decency in present-day America. By looking at the roots of foul behavior (in this case, a group of middle school boys bullying an elderly school bus monitor), he finds fault in the “warehouse model” of schooling that he believes has fostered “pack mentalities” and has led children down the road of de-humanization. According to Professor Frohnen, children raised by strangers in large, impersonal institutions cannot develop the civilizing prejudices that allow community to function humanely and peacefully. Under such conditions, order can be re-established only through a larger and more powerful centralized “leviathan administration,” but this only further compounds the problem of estrangement. Professor Frohnen’s brief against modern, progressive mass schooling is the latest in a long line of conservative critiques of our failing educational institutions.\nJust a cursory glance at what is being written today on the state of education reveals that the foundations of healthy schooling have largely disappeared. Incivility, alienation, overwhelmed adults, dislocated children, poor levels of achievement, and increasing student debt suggest significant problems in our educational institutions at all levels, problems which demand coherent, strong, and humane reforms. To understand this crisis, I believe it is vital for imaginative conservatives to re-examine the writings of Russell Kirk and Robert Nisbet since these founding fathers of the conservative movement directly witnessed, analyzed, and fought against the implementation of such reforms that have precipitated this crisis. Many social, economic, and political elements have contributed to the deterioration of educational standards, but in this article I will examine one element which both Kirk and Nisbet expounded upon at length, namely, the effect of war on our institutions. I believe that this is highly relevant today as the United States has been actively involved in several wars over the past decade, and, as Nisbet tried to show in many of his works, the effects of war on social and political institutions can be tremendous. It is imperative that those who believe in the norms of human experience, in what Kirk called “the permanent things,” revisit the analyses and prescriptions of Kirk and Nisbet in order to revitalize our schools and find ways to address the degradation of our educational culture.\nThe prevalence of war over the past one hundred years has had a powerful impact on western civilization. In his classic work on the history of the conservative movement, George Nash argued that it was “attempts to extract meaning from the nightmare of destruction” of World War II that stimulated the birth of conservative thought in postwar America. The level of devastation in the wake of a half-century of warfare left many, like Robert Nisbet and Russell Kirk, pondering the effects and worthiness of modernization and its consequences. Nisbet and Kirk, both of whom served in the military during the war, expressed concerns and reservations about the militarization of American society. In several of his works on the development of modern society, Nisbet struggled with the dynamic roots of social change proffered by militarization, and Kirk, in his memoirs, The Sword of Imagination, wrote that “in his life, as in that of many other young men, the War would be a great gulf fixed between family and community on the nearer rim and the antagonist world on the further: the Grand Canyon of a Time of Troubles.” In the first part of this article, I will address Dr. Kirk’s thoughts on the effects of war on education.\nProbably no institution outside the military has been affected by war more than educational institutions. We must remember that in his farewell address in January, 1961, President Eisenhower warned of the strong link between the military and education in the United States. The phrase “military-industrial complex” has entered our national vocabulary and psychology, but Eisenhower made clear in his speech that, largely owing to the forces of centralization of governmental power and finance in the wake of war, the university was also at great risk: “The prospect of domination of the nation’s scholars by federal employment, project allocations and the power of money is ever present and is gravely to be regarded,” the President warned. In his writings, Russell Kirk feared the growing unhealthy relationship between the military and schools, as well.\nIn 1936, by his own admission, Dr. Kirk entered Michigan State College in East Lansing “having nothing better to do” (SI, 35). He was quite fond of simple living in rural Michigan, and education – or rather, schooling – was not a priority; he found schooling excessively prolonged and imaginatively stultifying. However, his intellectual talent provided him the opportunity to pursue advanced study, and in 1940 he entered graduate school at Duke University to study history and write on John Randolph. This sojourn into the old south opened up a new world to him, a world of communities “that had not surrendered unconditionally to the new order of American life” (SI, 53), the new order of the industrial, organized, urban hustler.\nIt was also at this time that the young Kirk confronted the prospect of wartime service. Although he would later assert that “all wars fought by the American people…might have been averted” (SI, 54),he attempted to enlist twice, first in the Canadian military, then in the Army Air Corps only to be conscripted into the army and sent to the Great Salt Lake Desert to train at the Dugway Proving Ground in Utah. Kirk found this experience numbing and took solace in his voracious reading habits, studying the ancients Marcus Aurelius and Epictetus, and finding intellectual challenges with contemporary writers, such as Albert Jay Nock and Bernard Iddings Bell. Kirk was growing weary of the life of mass man in large institutions, of conformity, and of the “American lust for aggrandizement” (SI, 59). In an oft-quoted passage from his memoirs, he placed himself squarely against this stream in American thought:\nHis was no Enlightenment mind, Kirk now became aware: it was a Gothic mind, medieval in its temper and structure. He did not love cold harmony and perfect regularity of organization; what he sought was a complex of variety, mystery, tradition, the venerable, the awful. He despised sophisters and calculators; he was groping for faith, honor, and prescriptive loyalties. He would have given any number of neoclassical pediments for one poor battered gargoyle. The men of the Enlightenment had cold hearts and smug heads; now their successors, as the middle of the twentieth century loomed up, were in the process of imposing upon all the world a dreary conformity, with Efficiency and Progress and Equality for their watchwords – abstractions preferred to all those fascinating and lovable peculiarities of human nature and human society that are the products of prescription and tradition. This desert of salt would be a cheerful place by comparison with the desolation of human hearts, should the remains of Gothic faith and Gothic diversity be crushed out of civilization (SI, 68-69).\nKirk brandished his sword of imagination against the progressive orthodoxies of the time and his years in the army moved him to conclude that army life embodied the powerful, yet injurious forces of modernity, uniformity, and standardization, which he believed a healthy imaginative mind had to confront. Wartime service had made him fully aware that militarization would negatively affect American peacetime institutions and would render the populace indolent, unimaginative, and increasingly dependent on a growing state apparatus. In an article in the South Atlantic Quarterly (1946), he decried the national call for continued conscription, as he believed that conscription would be used not simply for military preparedness, but also as a tool for social reform. “If modern society can provide no better way of existence than crowding young people together like so many ants and keeping them in a state of servitude in return for sustenance, there is little reason for modern society to continue to exist.”\nWhen Kirk returned to Michigan State at the end of the war to teach history, he was very disheartened to find the college suffused with the forces of progressivism that he had witnessed in the army: the students generally were inattentive and unprepared and the culture of the college “unfriendly to the higher learning” (SI, 76). Particularly disappointing, yet indicative of the new educational reforms, was the implementation of the objective, standardized test. Originally developed by the military, mental testing had expanded into educational institutions in order “to depose the existing, undemocratic American elite and replace it with a new one made up of brainy, elaborately trained, public-spirited people drawn from every section and every background.” Kirk found this distasteful: “[S]tandardized multiple-choice questions put to students in great number in a short space of time and calculated to encourage the conditioned response of the indoctrinated mediocre student rather than the calculated judgment of the serious student” is what he saw in the new scientific culture of testing (SI, 77). He was beginning to despise the world that the war had created. He expressed his concerns in the South Atlantic Quarterly just a few months before the end of the war (January 1945):\nBefore commencing our work of world reformation, it might pay us to consider whether we are going to beat the Nazis and enlighten them, or beat the Nazis and join them. We are fit to weigh this question only if we retain some vestige of the liberal learning so quickly cast aside in one crowded hour of glorious life; and it is to be feared that a smattering of trigonometry and physics and chemistry is not sufficient to make the mind liberal. The physical sciences have their place, a respectable one; but they, primarily, do not win wars; the human spirit does that; and physical sciences certainly cannot suffice for the men who are to make and maintain a peace, who are to establish liberty and justice, who are to set free the body and the mind.\nAs the American university succumbed more and more to the pressures of the modernizing forces of the postwar world, Kirk packed his bags and set out for the ancient university town of Saint Andrews, Scotland where learned scholars were not coerced into being “salesmen or Rotarians” (SI, 88). In Scotland the scholar Kirk had the freedom to put together his major salvo in defense of the permanent things: his doctoral dissertation on the Anglo-American conservative mind.\nWhat is striking about Kirk’s first major work, published in 1953 as The Conservative Mind: From Burke to Santayana, is its defense of a type of mind, imaginatively, not ideologically, formed. That is to say, it is, like its author, a lively defense of the “Gothic”, the irregular, the non-standardized. Critics of the work have strongly suggested that many of the minds that Kirk reviewed could hardly be called politically “conservative.” But Kirk was not assessing his characters as ideological prototypes; he found it difficult and self-defeating to offer a simple and systematic definition of what a “conservative” was. He settled, therefore, on narrative descriptions of types and from these types he drew out six canons. Given the social transformations that had taken place in the postwar world, the rise of bureaucracy, political centralization, educational standardization, and Kirk’s rebellion against that world, we can see how greatly important the first two canons were for him and his understanding of the conservative mind. The first canon stated that the imaginative conservative maintained a “belief that a divine intent rules society as well as consciences,” the second that this type of mind has an enduring “affection for the proliferating variety and mystery of traditional life, as distinguished from the narrowing uniformity and equalitarianism and utilitarian aims of most radical systems.” In his summation to the first edition of the work he wrote that “conservatism’s most conspicuous difficulty in our time is that it confronts a people who have come to look upon society, vaguely, as a homogeneous mass of identical individuals, with indistinguishable abilities and needs, whose happiness may be secured by direction from above, through legislation or some manner of public instruction. Conservatism must teach humanity once more that the germ of public affections…is ‘to love the little platoon we belong to in society’” (CM, 401). In a later edition (1978), in words that could have been set to paper by Robert Nisbet, Kirk was even more direct in his critique of a society that he saw suffering under the weight of centralization and mass standardization:\nHostile toward every institution which acts as a check upon its power, the nation-state has been engaged, ever since the decline of the medieval order, in stripping away one by one the functions and prerogatives of true community – aristocracy, church, guild, family, and local association. What the state seeks is a tableland upon which a multitude of individuals, solitary though herded together, labor anonymously for the state’s maintenance. Universal military conscription and the “mobile labor force” and the concentration camp are only the more recent developments of this system…All those gifts of variety, contrast, competition, communal pride, and the sympathetic association that characterize man at his manliest are menaced by the ascendancy of the omnicompetent state of modern times, resolved for its own security to level the ramparts of traditional community. \nKirk’s criticism in the postwar world reveals a mind intellectually and imaginatively sensitive to powerful forces pressuring American society toward political centralization and standardization, pressures arising directly from the consequences of years of war. While many others celebrated the wartime transformation of American education and advocated mass comprehensive schools in support of attention to the “global struggle” , Kirk argued against these socially disruptive forces believing that they would further destroy the purpose and dignity of the academy. As Brad Birzer has noted, Kirk foretold the inhumane and essential servility inherent in the vast utilitarian reforms of the 1950s and saw that the triumph of technology and efficiency would mean the degradation of humanity. \nDr. Kirk was so concerned about the degradation of the ethical dimension of the educational curriculum that he wrote several lengthy works on education and for twenty-five years wrote a column on education for National Review. His writings addressed very directly the politicization of the academy, the threats to liberty, and the waning of sound learning. As a critic in the Christian humanist tradition, he firmly believed that our problems and concerns at the deepest level were spiritual and religious. He did not wrap himself in the contingencies and policies of the immediate political circumstance; rather, he wrote of principle and permanence. While others affirmed the immediate political and economic purposes of schooling, Kirk defended the philosopher with the long view against the present mindedness of the sophist:\n[T]he philosopher in the Greek sense [is] the lover of wisdom, who is convinced that the human soul has transcendental aims; and the sophist, who teaches success in life…disdains standards. When men are arming, the defense of the Academy always falls to the lot of the philosophers: the sophists, by that time, have joined the enemy or fled away to Sybaris…So it is even now: democracy finds its best defenders in the men who think there is something higher in the universe than pure democracy, and academic freedom its most able champions in men who believe in just authority. \nKirk’s defense found a small audience. During the post-war decades, universities expanded greatly in terms of physical plant and in terms of student populations, curricula were reformed, often to accommodate those ill-prepared for the higher learning, and since then, many traditional departments, such as philosophy and languages have struggled to maintain their honored places in the college program. The pressure for school administrators to sacrifice the academic dogma for budgetary concerns has only increased in recent times. Compounding these difficulties are the calls from the politicians to open the doors of higher education to all students, no matter how ill-prepared. Kirk greeted these reforms of cold calculation, efficiency, and homogenization with disdain, and he insisted that if such forces were to proliferate in our schools, reason and imagination, the life-blood of our civilization, would dry up. Kirk clearly foretold this degeneration of our educational institutions and his numerous writings were grand attempts to forestall and repair the damage to humane learning.\nBooks mentioned in this essay may be found in The Imaginative Conservative Bookstore.\n George Nash, The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945 (NY: Basic Books, 1976), p. 36.\n Russell Kirk, The Sword of Imagination: Memoirs of a Half-Century of Literary Conflict (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995), p. 46.\n Along with the works by Kirk and Nisbet, see Willis Rudy, Total War and Twentieth Century Higher Learning (Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 1991); American Education and the War in Europe (Washington, DC: NEA, 1940); and Wartime Handbook for Education (Washington, DC: NEA, 1943). This handbook includes the incredible statement, which underscores the crisis mentality of the time, “A child attending the elementary schools at this time will probably not see service in the armed forces. He will feel the war in a very personal way” (p. 6).\n Russell Kirk, “Conscription ad infinitum,” South Atlantic Quarterly, 45 (July 1946), p. 315. On-line here.\n On the history of the development and implementation of mental testing, see Nicholas Lemann, The Big Test: The Secret History of the American Meritocracy (NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1999). The quotation is from p. 7.\n Russell Kirk, “A Conscript on Education,” South Atlantic Quarterly, 44 (January 1945), pp. 87-88.\n Russell Kirk, The Conservative Mind from Burke to Santayana (Chicago: Regnery, 1953), pp. 7-8.\n Russell Kirk, The Conservative Mind from Burke to Eliot. 6th revised edition (South Bend: Gateway Editions, 1978), p. 423.\n At that time, of course, in the post-war decades, the global struggle involved the protracted conflict with the Soviet Union. For the effects of the Cold War on educational policies and theories, see the many writings of James Bryant Conant, Harvard President, chemist, poison gas specialist, Newsweek‘s 1952 “Educator of the Year.”\n Bradley J. Birzer, “More than ‘Irritable Mental Gestures’: Russell Kirk’s Challenge to Liberalism, 1950-1960,” Humanitas, XXI, Nos. 1 and 2 (2008), pp. 64-86. Found here.\n Russell Kirk, Academic Freedom: An Essay in Definition (Chicago: Regnery, 1955), p. 185.\nAll comments are moderated and must be civil, concise, and constructive to the conversation. Comments that are critical of an essay may be approved, but comments containing ad hominem criticism of the author will not be published. Also, comments containing web links or block quotations are unlikely to be approved. Keep in mind that essays represent the opinions of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Imaginative Conservative or its editor or publisher.\nGlenn A. Davis is the Academic Dean at All Saints Episcopal School in Lubbock, Texas, where he teaches Latin and Russian. He holds a Ph.D. in Slavic Languages and Literatures from the University of Wisconsin at Madison. His dissertation topic was Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s historical imagination. He has published in the Slavic and East European Journal, Christianity and Literature, Modern Age, and Humanitas.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Use Booster Seats Safely\nAs of July 1, 2011 child must remain in an appropriate car seat or booster seat until they are 8 years old unless they are already 4 feet 9 inches tall.\nBooster seats are not car seats. They are positioning devices that boost a child up so that adult lap and shoulder belt systems fit properly and provide protection. Children who are not yet both four years of age and weigh at least 40 pounds are not yet ready for a booster set. Children should remain in a booster seat until they are at least 4 feet 9 inches tall.\nThere are two basic types of booster seats:\n- High-back booster seats are required if the back of the vehicle seat does not provide protection behind the child’s head to at least the top of the ear.\n- Backless booster seats can be used as long as the vehicle seat provides head protection to the top of the child’s ear.\nBooster seats should be:\n- used only for children who are both four years of age and weight at least 40 pounds. Use a car seat until then.\n- used with children until they are approximately 4 foot 9 inches (57 inches) tall\n- used only in backseats for children 12 and younger\n- secured with a lap and shoulder belt\n- used with the lap belt positioned low on the hips or upper thighs\n- used with the shoulder belt positioned across the middle of the shoulder. Some seats come with an adjuster to help position the shoulder strap. See instructions for proper use of this adjuster.\nTo learn more, attend our child safety seat class or have a child safety seat inspection, a FREE service provided by Safe Kids Greater Augusta.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "temperature have occurred over the past 10,000 years (i.e., the period over which we have the best data and during which the planet's albedo-related boundary conditions have probably varied little) (Röthlisberger, 1986; Grove, 1988). Since this evidence is indirect and based on limited geographical coverage, we can only offer speculative estimates of the magnitude of these annual global-mean temperature changes. Most probably, the fluctuations have been within a band 0.5°C wide (Wigley and Kelly, 1990). Dating and data uncertainties do not allow us to compare the recent warming with similar warmings in the past in any useful quantitative way, so we cannot say whether the twentieth-century warming is occurring at an unprecedented rate.\nAn alternative approach is to try to estimate 50-year time-scale variability using either a statistical or a deterministic model. In both cases, information from the observed, instrumental record of global-mean temperature changes over the past 130 years is used to estimate the spectrum of natural variability over the full range of frequencies.\nIn the statistical approach, the data are fitted to a standard-time series model of some sort (such as an nth-order autoregressive process or some more complex model), and the fitted model is used to extend the spectrum to lower frequencies (e.g., Bloomfield and Nychka, 1992; Kheshgi and White, 1993).\nA deterministic approach has been used by Wigley and Raper (1990, 1991). Here, a simple climate model is employed to extend the spectrum of observed variability: The method used is to force the model stochastically with white-noise forcing, the magnitude of which is chosen to match the observed high-frequency variability (1- to 10-year time-scale). It should be noted that this approach yields information only on passive internal variability, i.e., variability that arises in the absence of ocean circulation changes. Low-frequency variability may also occur, for example, through changes in the ocean's thermohaline circulation, as evidenced by recent coupled ocean/atmosphere general-circulation model (GCM) results (e.g., Washington and Meehl, 1989; Manabe et al., 1991; Cubasch et al., 1992) and by much longer simulations with an ocean GCM (Mikolajewicz and Maier-Reimer, 1990) and with a two-dimensional ocean model (Mysak et al., 1993). It has been speculated that such circulation changes may be coupled to surface temperature changes, leading to feedbacks that would amplify low-frequency climate variability (e.g., Gaffin et al., 1986; Piehler and Bach, 1992; Harvey, 1992). Model simulations of passive internal variability, therefore, may only represent a lower bound to overall internally generated variability.\nAn example of the output from a simulation of passive internal variability is given in Figure 1. For a simple linear first-order model (e.g., a one-box ocean model) white-noise forcing as input is transformed to red-noise temperature output, with an enhancement of variability at low frequencies. For more complex models (such as that used here), the output spectrum is still basically reddish in character, in that there is a marked enhancement of the power at low frequencies.\nThe passive internal variability modeling approach gives results very similar to those of the statistical model of a fractionally integrated white-noise process that is preferred by Bloomfield and Nychka (1992) (see Figure 2). The deterministic modeling approach yields additional physical insights. It shows that high-frequency variability (≤ 10 years) is virtually independent of the climate sensitivity (ΔT2×), and mainly reflects the magnitude of the forcing and the heat capacity of the upper mixed layer of the ocean (Wigley and Raper, 1991). For similar reasons, the response to short-lived forcing events, such as those of volcanic eruptions, is also independent of ΔT2×. This is why interannual variability can tell us nothing directly about ΔT2×. At low frequencies (≥ 30 years), however, the temperature-response spectrum of passive internal variability depends critically on ΔT2×.\nIf we had evidence of large natural climate excursions in the past on the 50-year time scale, there would be two", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Permanent residents throughout the state, cardinals nest in woodland margins and residential shrubbery, with first clutches of eggs usually laid before the end of April. The bright red male and the brownish-red female both assist in caring for the young. Two or three broods may be raised each season.\nCardinal song  - WAV\nNorthern Cardinal  - Detailed information from the Cornell Lab of Ornithology\nUSGS Cardinal Information  - Identification tips, life history info, distribution maps, taxonomy, sound files, and photos of the birds, nest, and egg.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "English as an Additional Language\nStudents who arrive at ICS with limited English skills are supported by the English as an Additional Language (EAL) programme.\nThe EAL programme provides a caring, flexible and supportive environment to help students integrate socially and become successful academically.\nEAL support is provided to help your child succeed in the mainstream classroom. EAL teachers and assistants help your child develop the language skills, learning strategies and cultural awareness needed to be successful at ICS.\nWhen we came to ICS our daughter couldn’t say anything in English, but because they were in small classes (and with) extra help from the teacher, after half a year she was fully integrated into the school. Jimmy W, ICS Parent\nEAL in the Primary School\nThe Primary School EAL department aims to meet the specific needs of students for whom English is a second or additional language.\nIn addition to promoting cognitive growth, language is an important factor in maintaining a student's cultural identify and in developing inter-cultural understanding. English is the language of instruction at ICS, and therefore developing skills in English takes particular priority in our language programme. Upon joining ICS, students who are non-native English speakers are assessed by an EAL specialist who both determines their specific needs and designs a programme of support. Understanding that language acquisition is a developmental process that takes place over a number of years, we strive to provide a customized support programme that may include both in-class assistance and small group lessons outside of the regular classroom as needed.\nThe EAL curriculum focuses on the development of oral communication (both listening and speaking), as well as reading and writing skills in English. Students learn both social and academic language in these lessons, allowing them to interact socially with peers and be successful in their classes.\nEAL in the Secondary School\nEAL specialist teachers assess new students’ English language skills in order to decide on an appropriate level of support. The support options are as follows:\n- classes in English as an Additional Language (EAL) or English for Academic Purposes (EAP)\n- sheltered Humanities classes\n- sheltered English classes; and\n- in-class support in certain subjects such as Science.\nEAL students are encouraged to show their knowledge and understanding in mainstream subjects by completing modified activities and assessments while still developing their academic language skills. This may include them carrying out adjusted tasks, or being given extra time or individual support.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What is chicory?\nAlso known as endive, chicory is a forced crop, grown in complete darkness, which accounts for its blanched white, yellow-tipped leaves. It has a distinctive, cigar-like shape, about 12cm long, and the crisp leaves have a mildly bitter flavour.\nHow to prepare chicory\nIf the end is cracked or discoloured, trim it off, then remove any limp outer leaves. Then, depending on how you want to use it, either leave whole, separate the leaves, or slice lengthways into halves or quarters. Once cut, brush with lemon juice to prevent discolouration.\nHow to cook chicory\nAs well as being enjoyed raw in salads, chicory can also be cooked on the grill, boiled or steamed.\nSee our collection of chicory recipes.\nHow to store chicory\nIt will last for around a week in a perforated bag in the fridge.\nWhen is chicory in season?\nAll year round, but the British season is from January to mid March.\nLearn how to grow your own chicory from the experts at Gardeners’ World.\nChoose the best chicory\nLook for firm, crisp leaves and avoid those with green tips, as they’ll be very bitter.\nAlternatives to chicory", "label": "No"}
{"text": "File:Daniele Hypólito 16072007.jpg Gymnastics is a sport involving the performance of exercises requiring strength, flexibility, balance and control. Internationally, all events are governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). Each country has its own national governing body (BIW) affiliated to FIG. Competitive artistic gymnastics is the best known of the gymnastic events. It typically involves the women's events of vault, uneven bars, balance beam, and floor exercise. Men's events are floor exercise, pommel horse, still rings, vault, parallel bars, and the high bar. Gymnastics evolved from exercises used by the ancient Greeks that included skills for mounting and dismounting a horse, and from circus performance skills.\nOther FIG disciplines include: rhythmic gymnastics, trampolining and tumbling, and aerobic gymnastics. Disciplines not currently recognized by FIG include aesthetic group gymnastics, men's rhythmic gymnastics and TeamGym. Participants can include children as young as 20 months old doing kindergym and children's gymnastics, recreational gymnasts of ages 5 and up, competitive gymnasts at varying levels of skill, and world class athletes.\n- 1 Etymology\n- 2 History\n- 3 International competitive gymnastics\n- 3.1 Artistic gymnastics\n- 3.2 Rhythmic gymnastics\n- 3.3 Trampolining and tumbling\n- 3.4 Acrobatic gymnastics\n- 3.5 Aerobic gymnastics\n- 4 Other disciplines\n- 5 Non-competitive gymnastics\n- 6 Former apparatus and events\n- 7 Popular culture\n- 8 See also\n- 9 References\n- 10 External links\nThe word gymnastics derives from the common Greek adjective γυμνός (gymnos) meaning \"naked\", by way of the related verb γυμνάζω (gymnazo), whose meaning is \"to train naked\", \"train in gymnastic exercise\", generally \"to train, to exercise\". The verb had this meaning, because athletes in ancient times exercised and competed without clothing. It came into use in the 1570s, from Latin gymnasticus, from Greek gymnastikos \"fond of or skilled in bodily exercise,\" from gymnazein \"to exercise or train\" (see gymnasium).\nIn the beginning of gymnastics, which formally originated from Ancient Greece, gymnastics was originally intended for military training, where it was used by soldiers to get ready for war. The skills and strength in performing gymnastics at the ancient times were thought as great assets to those battling on the warfield.\nIn 1569, Girolamo Mercuriale from Forlì (Italy) wrote Le Arte Gymnastica, which brought together his study of the attitudes of the ancients toward diet, exercise and hygiene, and the use of natural methods for the cure of disease. Girolamo was an Italian philologist and physician, who received his doctorate in 1555. He was later asked to occupy the Chair of Medicine in 1569. De Arte Gymnastica also explained the principles of physical therapy and is considered the first book on sports medicine.\nIn the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Germany, three pioneer physical educators – Johann Friedrich GutsMuths (1759–1839) and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852) – created exercises for boys and young men on apparatus they had designed that ultimately led to what is considered modern gymnastics. Don Francisco Amorós y Ondeano, was born on February 19, 1770 in Valence and died on August 8, 1848 in Paris. He was a Spanish colonel, and the first person to introduce educative gymnastic in France. Jahn promoted the use of parallel bars, rings and high bar in international competition.\nThe Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first \"modern\" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a changing variety of exercises gathered under the rubric, gymnastics, that would seem strange to today's audiences and that included for example, synchronized team floor calisthenics, rope climbing, high jumping, running, and horizontal ladder. During the 1920s, women organized and participated in gymnastics events. The first women's Olympic competition was primitive, only involving synchronized calisthenics and track and field. These games were held in 1928, in Amsterdam.\nBy 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and uniform grading structures (including a point system from 1 to 15) had been agreed upon. At this time, Soviet gymnasts astounded the world with highly disciplined and difficult performances, setting a precedent that continues. The new medium of television has helped publicize and initiate a modern age of gymnastics. Both men's and women's gymnastics now attract considerable international interest, and excellent gymnasts can be found on every continent. Nadia Comăneci received the first perfect score, at the 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal, Canada. She was coached in Romania by coach, (Hungarian ethnicity), Béla Károlyi. Comaneci scored four of her perfect tens on the uneven bars, two on the balance beam and one in the floor exercise. Even with Nadia's perfect scores, the Romanians lost the gold medal to the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, Comaneci became an Olympic icon.\nIn 2006, a new points system for Artistic gymnastics was put into play. With an A Score (or D score) being the difficulty score, which as of 2009 is based on the top 8 high scoring elements in a routine (excluding Vault). The B Score (or E Score), is the score for execution, and is given for how well the skills are performed.\nInternational competitive gymnastics\nArtistic Gymnastics is usually divided into Men's and Women's Gymnastics. Men compete on six events: Floor Exercise, Pommel Horse, Still Rings, Vault, Parallel Bars, and High Bar, while women compete on four: Vault, Uneven Bars, Balance Beam, and Floor Exercise. In some countries, women at one time competed on the rings, high bar, and parallel bars (for example, in the 1950s in the USSR).\nIn 2006, FIG introduced a new points system for Artistic gymnastics in which scores are no longer limited to 10 points. The system is used in the US for elite level competition. Unlike the old code of points, there are two separate scores, an execution score and a difficulty score. In the previous system, the \"execution score\" was the only score. It was and still is out of 10.00. During the gymnast's performance, the judges deduct this score only. A fall, on or off the event, is a 1.00 deduction, in elite level gymnastics. The introduction of the difficulty score is a significant change. The gymnast's difficulty score is based on what elements they perform and is subject to change if they do not perform or complete all the skills, or they do not connect a skill meant to be connected to another. Connection bonuses are the most common deduction from a difficulty score, as it can be difficult to connect multiple flight elements. It is very hard to connect skills if the first skill is not performed correctly. The new code of points allows the gymnasts to gain higher scores based on the difficulty of the skills they perform as well as their execution. There is no maximum score for difficulty, as it can keep increasing as the difficulty of the skills increase.\nArtistic events for women\nIn the vaulting events, gymnasts sprint down a 25 metres (82 ft) runway, jump onto a spring filled board or perform a roundoff, or handspring entry onto a springboard (run/ take-off segment), land momentarily, inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse, or vaulting table (pre flight segment), then propel themselves forward or backward, off of this platform to a two footed landing (post flight segment). Every gymnast starts at a different point on the vault runway depending on their height and strength. The post flight segment may include one or more multiple saltos or somersaults, and/or twisting movements. A round-off entry vault, called a Yurchenko, is the most common vault in elite level gymnastics. When performing a yurchenko, gymnasts \"round-off\" so hands are on the runway while the feet land on the springboard (beatboard). From the roundoff position the gymnast travels backwards and executes a backhandspring so that the hands land on the vaulting table. The gymnast then blocks off the vaulting platform into various twisting and/or somersaulting combinations. The post flight segment brings the gymnast to her feet.\nIn 2001, the traditional vaulting horse was replaced with a new apparatus, sometimes known as a tongue,horse or vaulting table. The new apparatus is more stable, wider, and longer than the older vaulting horse—approximately 1m in length and 1m in width—giving gymnasts a larger blocking surface, and is therefore considered safer than the vaulting horse used in the past. With the addition of this new, safer vaulting table, gymnasts are attempting more difficult and dangerous vaults.\nOn the uneven bars, the gymnast performs a routine on two horizontal bars set at different heights. These bars are made of fiberglass covered in wood laminate, to prevent them from breaking. In the past, bars were made of wood, but the bars were prone to breaking, providing an incentive to switch to newer technologies. The width and height of the bars may be adjusted. In the past, the uneven parallel bars were closer together. They've been moved increasingly further apart, allowing gymnasts to perform swinging, circling, transitional, and release moves, that may pass over, under, and between the two bars. At the Elite level, movements must pass through the handstand. Gymnasts often mount the Uneven Bars using a springboard, or a small mat. Chalk and grips (a leather strip with holes for fingers to protect hands and improve performance) may be used while doing this event. The chalk helps take the moisture out of gymnast's hands to decrease friction and prevent rips (tears to the skin of the hands), dowel grips help gymnasts grip the bar.\nThe gymnast performs a choreographed routine of up to 90 seconds in length consisting of leaps, acrobatic skills, somersaults, turns and dance elements on a padded beam. The beam is 125 centimetres (4 ft 1 in) from the ground, 500 centimetres (16 ft 5 in) long, and 10 centimetres (3.9 in) wide. The event requires, in particular, balance, flexibility, poise and strength.\nIn the past, the floor exercise event was executed on the bare floor or mats such as wrestling mats. Today, the floor event occurs on a carpeted 12m × 12m square, usually consisting of hard foam over a layer of plywood, which is supported by springs or foam blocks generally called a \"spring\" floor. This provides a firm surface that provides extra bounce or spring when compressed, allowing gymnasts to achieve greater height and a softer landing after the composed skill. Gymnasts perform a choreographed routine up to 90 seconds in the floor exercise event; Depending on the level, they may choose their own, or, if known as a \"compulsory gymnast,\" default music must be played. In some gymnastic associations such as United States Association of Gymnastic Clubs (USAIGC), gymnasts are allowed to have vocals in their music but at USA Gymnastics competitions a large deduction is taken from the score for having vocals in the music. The routine should consist of tumbling lines, series of jumps, leaps, dance elements, acrobatic skills, and turns, or piviots, on one foot. A gymnast can perform up to four tumbling lines that usually includes at least one flight element without hand support. Each level of gymnastics requires the athlete to perform a different number of tumbling passes. In level 7 in the United States, a gymnast is required to do 2–3, and in levels 8–10, at least 3–4 tumbling passes are required.\nArtistic events for men\nMale gymnasts also perform on a 12meter x 12meter spring floor. A series of tumbling passes are performed to demonstrate flexibility, strength, and balance. Strength skills include circles, scales, and press handstands. Men's floor routines usually have four passes that will total between 60–70 seconds and are performed without music, unlike the women's event. Rules require that male gymnasts touch each corner of the floor at least once during their routine.\nA typical pommel horse exercise involves both single leg and double leg work. Single leg skills are generally found in the form of scissors, an element often done on the pommels. Double leg work however, is the main staple of this event. The gymnast swings both legs in a circular motion (clockwise or counterclockwise depending on preference) and performs such skills on all parts of the apparatus. To make the exercise more challenging, gymnasts will often include variations on a typical circling skill by turning (moores and spindles) or by straddling their legs (Flares). Routines end when the gymnast performs a dismount, either by swinging his body over the horse, or landing after a handstand.\nThe rings are suspended on wire cable from a point 5.75 meters from the floor, and adjusted in height so the gymnast has room to hang freely and swing. He must perform a routine demonstrating balance, strength, power, and dynamic motion while preventing the rings themselves from swinging. At least one static strength move is required, but some gymnasts may include two or three. A routine should have a dismount equal in difficulty to the difficulty of the routine as a whole.\nGymnasts sprint down a runway, which is a maximum of 25 meters in length, before hurdling onto a spring board. The gymnast is allowed to choose where they start on the runway. The body position is maintained while \"punching\" (blocking using only a shoulder movement) the vaulting platform. The gymnast then rotates to a standing position. In advanced gymnastics, multiple twists and somersaults may be added before landing. Successful vaults depend on the speed of the run, the length of the hurdle, the power the gymnast generates from the legs and shoulder girdle, the kinesthetic awareness in the air, and the speed of rotation in the case of more difficult and complex vaults.\n- Parallel Bars\n- Men perform on two bars slightly further than a shoulder's width apart and usually 1.75m high while executing a series of swings, balances, and releases that require great strength and coordination.\nA 2.8 cm thick steel or fiberglass bar raised 2.5m above the landing area is all the gymnast has to hold onto as he performs giant swings or giants (revolutions around the bar in the handstand position), release skills, twists, and changes of direction. By using all of the momentum from giants and then releasing at the proper point, enough height can be achieved for spectacular dismounts, such as a triple-back salto. Leather grips are usually used to help maintain a grip on the bar.\nAs with women, male gymnasts are also judged on all of their events including their execution, degree of difficulty, and overall presentation skills.\nScoring (code of points)\nA gymnast's score comes from deductions taken from their start value. The start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements. The composition requirements are different for each apparatus; this score is called the D score. Deductions in execution and artistry are taken from 10.0. This score is called the E score. The final score is calculated by taking deductions from the E score, and adding the result to the D score. Since 2007, the scoring system has changed by adding bonus plus the execution and then adding those two together to get the final score.\nIn a tumbling pass, dismount or vault, landing is the final phase, following take off and flight  This is a critical skill in terms of execution in competition scores, general performance, and injury occurrence. Without the necessary magnitude of energy dissipation during impact, the risk of sustaining injuries during somersaulting increases. These injuries commonly occur at the lower extremities such as: cartilage lesions, ligament tears, and bone bruises/fractures. To avoid such injuries, and to receive a high performance score, proper technique must be used by the gymnast. \"The subsequent ground contact or impact landing phase must be achieved using a safe, aesthetic and well-executed double foot landing.\"  A successful landing in gymnastics is classified as soft, meaning the knee and hip joints are at greater than 63 degrees of flexion.\nA higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentum is time the landing takes Gymnasts can alter the shape of the area by increasing the time taken to perform the landing. Gymnasts can achieve this by increasing hip, knee and ankle amplitude. With the increase of height, the amplitude in ankles knees and hips rise the bars.\nAccording to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope—on a floor area, with a much greater emphasis on the aesthetic rather than the acrobatic. There are also group routines consisting of 5 gymnasts and 5 apparatuses of their choice. Rhythmic routines are scored out of a possible 30 points; the score for artistry (choreography and music) is averaged with the score for difficulty of the moves and then added to the score for execution.\nInternational competitions are split between Juniors, under sixteen by their year of birth; and Seniors, for women sixteen and over again by their year of birth. Gymnasts in Russia and Europe typically start training at a very young age and those at their peak are typically in their late teens (15–19) or early twenties. The largest events in the sport are the Olympic Games, World Championships, European Championships, World Cup and Grand-Prix Series.\nRhythmic gymnastics apparatus\n- It is made of either rubber or synthetic material (pliable plastic) provided it possesses the same elasticity as rubber. It is from 18 to 20 cm in diameter and must have a minimum weight of 400g. The ball can be of any colour and should rest in the gymnast's hand, not the wrist. Fundamental elements of a ball routine include throwing, bouncing, and rolling. The gymnast must use both hands and work on the whole floor area while showing continuous flowing movement. The ball is to emphasize the gymnast's flowing lines and body difficulty.\n- A hoop is an apparatus in rhythmic gymnastics and may be made of plastic or wood, provided that it retains its shape during the routine. The interior diameter is from 51 to 90 cm, and the hoop must weigh a minimum of 300g. The hoop may be of a natural colour or be partially of fully covered by one or several colours, and it may be covered with adhesive tape either of the same or different colour as the hoop. Fundamental requirements of a hoop routine include rotation around the hand or body and rolling, as well as swings, circles, throws, and passes through and over the hoop. The routines in hoop involves mastery in both apparatus handling and body difficulty like leaps, jumps and pivots.\n- It is made of satin or another similar material cloth of any colour and may be multi-coloured as well as have designs on it. The ribbon itself must be at least 35g (1 oz), 4–6 cm (1.6–2.4\") in width and for senior category a minimum length of 6m (20') (5m (16.25') for juniors). The ribbon must be in one piece. The end that is attached to the stick is doubled for a maximum length of 1m (3'). This is stitched down both sides. At the top, a very thin reinforcement or rows of machine stitching for a maximum length of 5 cm is authorized. This extremity may end in a strap, or have an eyelet (a small hole, edged with buttonhole stitch or a metal circle), to permit attaching the ribbon. The ribbon is fixed to the stick by means of a supple attachment such as thread, nylon cord, or a series of articulated rings. The attachment has a maximum length of 7 cm (2.8\"), not counting the strap or metal ring at the end of the stick where it will be fastened. Compulsory elements for the ribbon include flicks, circles, snakes and spirals, and throws. It requires a high degree of co-ordination to form the spirals and circles as any knots which may accidentally form in the ribbon are penalised. During a ribbon routine, large, smooth and flowing movements are looked for.\n- Multi-piece clubs are the most popular clubs. The club is built along an internal rod, providing a base on which a handle made of polyolefin plastic is wrapped, providing an airspace between it and the internal rod. This airspace provides flex, cushioning impact, making the club softer on the hands. Foam ends and knobs further cushion the club. Multi-piece clubs are made in both a thin European style or larger bodied American style and in various lengths, generally ranging from 19 to 21 inches (480 to 530 mm). The handles and bodies are typically wrapped with decorative plastics and tapes. The skills involved are apparatus mastery and body elements, Clubs are thrown from alternate hands; each passes underneath the other clubs and is caught in the opposite hand to the one from which it was thrown. At its simplest, each club rotates once per throw, the handle moving down and away from the throwing hand at first. However, double and triple spins are frequently performed, allowing the club to be thrown higher for more advanced patterns and to allow tricks such as 360s to be performed underneath.\nTrampolining and tumbling\nTrampolining and tumbling consists of four events, individual and synchronized trampoline, double mini trampoline, and tumbling (also known as power tumbling or rod floor). Since 2000, individual trampoline has been included in the Olympic Games.\nIndividual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additional points (with no maximum at the highest levels of competition) can be earned depending on the difficulty of the moves and the length of time taken to complete the ten skills which is an indication of the average height of the jumps. In high level competitions, there are two preliminary routines, one which has only two moves scored for difficulty and one where the athlete is free to perform any routine. This is followed by a final routine which is optional. Some competitions restart the score from zero for the finals, other add the final score to the preliminary results.\nSynchronized trampoline is similar except that both competitors must perform the routine together and marks are awarded for synchronization as well as the form and difficulty of the moves.\nDouble mini trampoline involves a smaller trampoline with a run-up, two moves are performed per routine. Moves cannot be repeated in the same order on the double-mini during a competition. Skills can be repeated if a skill is competed as a mounter in one routine and a dismount in another. The scores are marked in a similar manner to individual trampoline.\nIn tumbling, athletes perform an explosive series of flips and twists down a sprung tumbling track. Scoring is similar to trampolining. Tumbling was originally contested as one of the events in Men's Artistic Gymnastics at the 1932 Summer Olympics, and in 1955 and 1959 at the Pan American Games. From 1974 to 1998 it was included as an event for both genders at the Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships. The event has also been contested since 1976 at the Trampoline World Championships. Since the recognition of Trampoline and Acrobatic Gymnastics as FIG disciplines in 1999, official Tumbling competitions are only allowed as an event in Trampoline gymnastics meets.\nAcrobatic gymnastics (formerly Sport Acrobatics), often referred to as \"Acro\" if involved with the sport, acrobatic sports or simply sports acro, is a group gymnastic discipline for both men and women. Acrobats in groups of two, three and four perform routines with the heads, hands and feet of their partners. They may, subject to regulations (e.g. no lyrics), pick their own music.\nThere are four international age categories: 11-16, 12-18, 13-19, and Senior (15+), which are used in the World Championships and many other events around the world, including European Championships and World Games. All levels require a balance and dynamic routine, 12-18, 13-19, and Seniors are also required to perform a final (combined) routine.\nCurrently, acrobatic gymnastics is marked out of 30.00 (can be higher at Senior FIG level based on difficulty):\n- 10.00 for routine difficulty, (valued from the tables of difficulties)\n- 10.00 For technical performance, (how well the skills are executed)\n- 10.00 For Artistry, (the overall performance of the routine, namely choreography)\nAerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category.\nThe following disciplines are not currently recognized by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique.\nAesthetic group gymnastics\nAesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish \"naisvoimistelu\". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are used on the floor area. The sport requires physical qualities such as flexibility, balance, speed, strength, coordination and sense of rhythm where movements of the body are emphasized through the flow, expression and aesthetic appeal. A good performance is characterized by uniformity and simultaneity. The competition program consists of versatile and varied body movements, such as body waves, swings, balances, pivots, jumps and leaps, dance steps, and lifts. The International Federation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (IFAGG) was established in 2003.\nMen's rhythmic gymnastics\nMen's rhythmic gymnastics is related to both Men's artistic gymnastics and wushu martial arts. It emerged in Japan from stick gymnastics. Stick gymnastics has been taught and performed for many years with the aim of improving physical strength and health. Male athletes are judged on some of the same physical abilities and skills as their female counterparts, such as hand/body-eye co-ordination, but tumbling, strength, power, and martial arts skills are the main focus, as opposed to flexibility and dance in women's rhythmic gymnastics. There are a growing number of participants, competing alone and on a team; it is most popular in Asia, especially in Japan where high school and university teams compete fiercely. As of 2002[update], there were 1000 men's rhythmic gymnasts in Japan.\nThe technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are awarded based a 10-point scale that measures the level of difficulty of the tumbling and apparatus handling. On November 27–29, 2003, Japan hosted first edition of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship.\nTeamGym is a form of competition created by the European Union of Gymnastics, named originally EuroTeam. The first official competition was held in Finland in 1996. TeamGym events consist of three sections: women, men and mixed teams. Athletes compete in three different disciplines: floor, tumbling and trampette. In common for the performance is effective teamwork, good technique in the elements and spectacular acrobatic skills.\nGeneral gymnastics enables people of all ages and abilities to participate in performance groups of 6 to more than 150 athletes. They perform synchronized, choreographed routines. Troupes may consist of both genders and are not separated into age divisions. The largest general gymnastics exhibition is the quadrennial World Gymnaestrada which was first held in 1939. In 1984 Gymnastics for All was officially recognized first as a Sport Program by the FIG (International Gymnastic Federation), and subsequently by national gymnastic federations worldwide with participants that now number 30 million.\nFormer apparatus and events\nRope (rhythmic gymnastics)\nThis apparatus may be made of hemp or a synthetic material which retains the qualities of lightness and suppleness. Its length is in proportion to the size of the gymnast. The rope should, when held down by the feet, reach both of the gymnasts' armpits. One or two knots at each end are for keeping hold of the rope while doing the routine. At the ends (to the exclusion of all other parts of the rope) an anti-slip material, either coloured or neutral may cover a maximum of 10 cm (3.94 in). The rope must be coloured, either all or partially and may either be of a uniform diameter or be progressively thicker in the center provided that this thickening is of the same material as the rope. The fundamental requirements of a rope routine include leaps and skipping. Other elements include swings, throws, circles, rotations and figures of eight. In 2011, the FIG decided to nullify the use of rope in rhythmic gymnastic competitions.\nGenerally, competitors climbed either a 6m (6.1m = 20 ft in USA) or an 8m (7.6m = 25 ft in USA), 38mm (1.5\") diameter natural fiber rope for speed, starting from a seated position on the floor and using only the hands and arms. Kicking the legs in a kind of \"stride\" was normally permitted. Many gymnasts can do this in the straddle or pike position, which eliminates the help generated from the legs though it can be done with legs as well.\nFlying rings was an event similar to still rings, but with the performer executing a series of stunts while swinging. It was a gymnastic event sanctioned by both the NCAA and the AAU until the early 1960s.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Gwinnett Place area has become the commercial heart of Gwinnett County since its initial development in the 1980s and amazing growth during the 1990s. Since that time, it has seen many changes with new businesses coming and going, new infrastructure and many demographic shifts. Given these changes, Gwinnett Place CID’s board wanted to know, just how much is area is contributing to Gwinnett County’s economy.\nIn the summer of 2017 they commissioned an analysis from our firm to better understand the economic impacts of the area. An economic impact analysis measures the economic activity occurring in an area from a wide variety of perspectives:\n- What do businesses contribute to the local economy?\n- How many people work in the area, in what types of businesses and what do they earn?\n- How many visitors come to an area and what do they spend during their visit?\n- How much tax revenue is generated for local governments from the economic activity in the area?\n- What is the total economic impact of the area in terms of the direct spending by businesses, residents and visitors and what are the indirect economic effects from additional rounds of spending by employees, residents and visitors and the goods and services purchased by local businesses in the Gwinnett economy?\nAll these elements together equal the total economic impact of the area.\nFrom our research we learned that the Gwinnett Place CID is a major economic engine for Gwinnett County from a wide range of perspectives. The area represents only 1 percent of the land area of Gwinnett County. Yet, it has over 13.3 million square feet of commercial development, the largest concentration in the County. Of that total, 7.8 million is retail space. In terms of office space, 23 percent of the County’s Class A office space is in Gwinnett Place.\nAll of this commercial development, results in 24,500 people who are employed in the area, which is 7 percent of all jobs in the County, and contrary to the general belief, those jobs are not all in retail, with only 24 percent in that sector. Jobs in finance, insurance, management, professional and technical fields are well represented—in fact, many of the “premium jobs” in the County are located in Gwinnett Place.\nGwinnett Place has long been known as a retail destination, with more than $1.1 billion in retail sales annually, most of which comes from demand from outside the immediate market area. Restaurants are a major component of the retail sector with more than 170 restaurants offering a world-spanning range of cuisines and dining options.\nThe area’s 20 hotels attract over 542,000 room nights and $59 million in hospitality revenue annually.\nThe direct economic impact from Gwinnett Place area is $4.5 billion annually. This stimulates an additional $5.0 billion in economic activity in the Georgia economy for a total economic impact — direct and indirect — of $9.5 billion annually — making Gwinnett Place The Economic Engine of the County.\nAnother important contribution of Gwinnett Place is the taxes it generates to support Gwinnett County and the Gwinnett County School System. Gwinnett Place generates almost $55 million in property, sales and hotel taxes to Gwinnett County and the School System annually. It costs the County and School System approximately $18.5 million to service the needs of residents, businesses and employees in the area. As a result, Gwinnett Place is generating a substantial annual surplus in local governmental revenues of more than $36 million per year. The County uses these revenues to support service delivery and education costs in other parts of Gwinnett County.\nAgain, considering that Gwinnett Place is only 1 percent of the land area of Gwinnett County, the amount of economic activity that is generated annually from this area is most impressive. And as redevelopment and economic growth occurs over the coming decade, the economic impact of Gwinnett Place will grow substantially from its impressive economic base.\nHopefully this overview has given you a flavor of the many dimensions of the Gwinnett Place economy if you would like to dig deeper please click here to view full economic impact report. If you would like to learn more about our firm, please visit our website at blagroup.com. If you have any questions about this analysis, please contact Jonathan Gelber at email@example.com. If you’re interested in redevelopment opportunities in Gwinnett Place, contact Joe Allen at firstname.lastname@example.org.\nGuest blog post by Ken Bleakly, Jr., AICP, Founder, The Bleakly Advisory Group", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Free essays on short essay on save mother earth for children get help with your writing 1 through 30. Here is you short paragraph for kids on earth the earth is a unique planet it is a huge ball of about 12750 kilometres across and 40,000 kilometres in circumference. This a blog that provides school essays for children we all can contribute in our small way by saving fuel,water and nice essay topic pollution. Save trees to save earth your home teacher essays brief essay about save trees few lines on children\\s day your home teacher. Essay on our universe: definition, stars and solar system when we look at the sky, we see different kinds of natural bodies like the sun, the stars, the moon, and so on.\nEarth essay is popular in schools and colleges and is aimed to improve a sense of responsibility to earth you can get a stress free earth essay for a small price. Seasons are as old as the earth it seems as strange for kids in australia to imagine a white christmas as it is even though the temperature change is small. Find short and long essay on natural resources for on users of small age for survival on earth for human being natural resources are.\nEarth is also the only planet that humans can live on because we have the most oxygen and water the kids guide to global warming all about cherry blossoms. Find long and short essay on save earth for your kids, children we should not waste and pollute its natural resources for our small benefits save earth essay 6. The moon is nearest to the earth 493 words essay on the moon the travellers like the moon and children enjoy playing in its light.\nHow to write a thesis statement for a philosophy paper, essay on earth for small kids, short essay questions in internal medicine, essay us army leadership. Nature essay 1 (100 words) we live on the most beautiful planet, earth which has very clean and attractive nature full of greenery nature is our best friend which. Published by experts share your essayscom is the home of thousands of essays published by experts like you short essay on earth (290 words) article shared by.\nShort essay on 'national flag of india' in hindi | 'bharat ka rashtriiya dhwaj' par nibandh (130 words) short essay on 'earth- our legacy' in hindi. Easy science for kids all about earth - our planet learn more about the planet earth with our educational science website for kids on earth.View", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Learn How To Build Your Own Game Of WordGuess In C++ With a 5-day Email Course.\nGet an email every day that shows you how to program a game. Each email will add more and more to the game until you have a complete game that lets you guess words. You get to explore options along the way and experience the game as it develops.\nThis is just like what you would do if you were to start programming this yourself. Nobody goes from an empty page straight to the final design. We try things. We get something small working and then build on it.\nHere’s what you’ll get now for signing up:\n- Receive 5 daily emails that explain all the code step-by-step.\n- Experiment and build each step to see your progress.\n- Finish with a working game of WordGuess and ideas that will help you continue on your own.\n- Each step described in detail starting with a blank page and ending with a fully functioning and simple game.\nThe final source code written in C++ is below. It’s a small and simple game consisting of just three methods. Even so, there’s a lot of explanation available in the email course. Enough that you’ll understand not just what’s here but why. And that will let you build on this and create a bigger and better game.\n// Created by Wahid Tanner on 11/28/15.\nusing namespace std;\nvoid playGame ();\nstring scrambleWord (string word);\ncout << \"Would you like to play WordGuess? y/n: \";\ncin >> input;\nif (input == 'y')\nelse if (input == 'n')\ncout << \"Goodbye!\" << endl;\ncout << \"Please enter y or n: \";\nvoid playGame ()\nmt19937 rng; // rng stands for random number generator\n// distribution in range [0, the number of items in the collection minus 1]\nuniform_int_distribution<mt19937::result_type> distribution(0, wordCollection.size() - 1);\nstring wordToGuess = wordCollection[distribution(rng)];\nstring wordAfterScramble = scrambleWord(wordToGuess);\ncout << \"Guess this word: \" << wordAfterScramble << endl;\ncin >> input;\nif (input == wordToGuess)\ncout << \"You won!\" << endl;\ncout << \"Sorry, the word was: \" << wordToGuess << endl;\nstring scrambleWord (string word)\nuniform_int_distribution<mt19937::result_type> distribution(0, word.size() - 1);\nfor (int index = 0; index < word.size(); index++)\nint firstIndex = distribution(rng);\nint secondIndex = distribution(rng);\nchar temp = word[firstIndex];\nword[firstIndex] = word[secondIndex];\nword[secondIndex] = temp;\nThis is the full source code to the WordGuess game written in C++. This is what most books will show you when explaining how to program. They might break the code into smaller pieces and explain each piece. But you’re still getting just a single view into a finished product.\nNow, I’ve been programming for a long time, and I still don’t sit down and go from an empty page right to the final product. And I don’t know anybody who does either. If you’re just beginning to learn how to code, then let me show you how to approach problems. This is how coding is done. There’s a system.\nAnd you can learn how to start out with an empty page. What’s the first thing you should write? Where do you go from there? That’s what the 5-day email course shows you. It’s delivered over 5 days for a reason. So that you have time to process and understand each step.\nIf you just want to see the final source code, then there’s no need to subscribe. The email course is there to help if you want to understand the process. You’ll also get each step fully explained. Each line explained so you understand its purpose.\nThe emails you’ll receive in the 5-day course are:\n- Day 1: Where do you begin?\n- Day 2: How to display text and read user input.\n- Day 3: Let’s turn this into a game.\n- Day 4: Adding random behavior.\n- Day 5 (of 5): Some final thoughts.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "As demand for computing and communication capacity surges, the global communication infrastructure struggles to keep pace, since the light signals transmitted through fiber-optic lines must still be processed electronically, creating a bottleneck in telecommunications networks.\nWhile the idea of developing an optical transistor to get around this problem is alluring to scientists and engineers, it has also remained an elusive vision, despite years of experiments with various approaches. Now, McGill University researchers have taken a significant, early step toward this goal by showing a new way to control light in the semiconductor nanocrystals known as “quantum dots.”\nIn results published online recently, the research team show that all-optical modulation and basic Boolean logic functionality – key steps in the processing and generation of signals – can be achieved by using laser-pulse inputs to manipulate the quantum mechanical state of a semiconductor nanocrystal.\n“Our findings show that these nanocrystals can form a completely new platform for optical logic,” says one of the researchers. “We’re still at the nascent stages, but this could mark a significant step toward optical transistors.”\nQuantum dots already are used in applications ranging from photovoltaics, to light-emitting diodes and lasers, to biological imaging. The Kambhampati group’s latest findings point toward an important new area of potential impact, based on the ability of these nanocrystals to modulate light in an optical gating scheme.\n“These results demonstrate the proof of the concept,” a researcher says. “Now we are working to extend these results to integrated devices, and to generate more complex gates in hopes of making a true optical transistor.”\nThis story is reprinted from material from McGill University, with editorial changes made by Materials Today. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent those of Elsevier. Link to original source.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "New Westminster is an historically important city in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada, and is a member municipality of the Greater Vancouver Regional District. It was founded as the capital of the new-born Colony of British Columbia in 1858, and continued in that role until the Mainland and Island Colonies were merged in 1866, and was the Mainland's largest city from that year until it was passed in population by Vancouver during the first decade of the 20th Century.\nIt is located on the right bank of the Fraser River as it turns southwest towards its estuary, on the southwest side of the Burrard Peninsula and roughly at the centre of the Greater Vancouver region.\nBefore Canada was a country, Britain recognized that aboriginal people living here had title to land: the Royal Proclamation of 1763 declared that only the British Crown could acquire land from First Nations, and that was typically done through treaties. In most parts of Canada, the British Crown established treaties with First Nations before Confederation. The new Dominion of Canada continued this policy of making treaties before the west was opened for settlement, but in BC, this process was never completed. Section 25 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms states that it does not abrogate or derogate \"(a) any rights or freedoms that have been recognized by the Royal Proclamation of October 7, 1763; and (b) any rights or freedoms that now exist by way of land claims agreements or may be so acquired.\" Further, Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, affirmed that aboriginal title, and the rights that go along with it, exist whether or not there is a treaty. Aboriginal rights refer to practices, traditions and customs that distinguish the unique culture of each First Nation and were practised prior to European contact. Aboriginal title is an aboriginal property right to land.\nThe discovery of gold in B.C. prompted fear amongst the settlers that Americans may invade to take over this land. Without a treaty in place with the Coast Salish people,* In 1859, New Westminster was recommended as the first official capital of the new Colony of British Columbia by Richard Moody, the Lieutenant-Governor, because of its location farther from the American border than the site of the colony's proclamation, Fort Langley. New Westminster, at a defensible location on the north bank of the Fraser River, possessed, according to Moody, \"great facilities for communication by water, as well as by future great trunk railways into the interior\". Governor Douglas proclaimed \"Queensborough\" (as the site was initially called by Moody) the new capital on February 14, 1859. \"Queensborough\", however, did not appeal to London and it was Queen Victoria who named the city after Westminster, that part of the British capital of London where the Parliament Buildings were, and are to this day, situated. From this naming by the Queen, the City gained its official nickname, \"The Royal City\". A year later New Westminster became the first City in British Columbia to be incorporated and have an elected municipal government. It became a major outfitting point for prospectors coming to the Fraser Gold Rush, as all travel to the goldfield ports of Yale and Port Douglas was by steamboat or canoe up the Fraser River.\nThe location of New Westminster, at the edge of the forest, necessitated a large amount of labour and money to clear trees and lay out streets, which became a significant burden to the colonial budget when the imperial government shackled the colony with half of the cost of the Royal Engineers. Governor Douglas spent little time in New Westminster and had little affection for the city; and the feelings were amply repaid by the citizens of New Westminster, who avidly supported Colonel Moody's city-building efforts and castigated the governor, who preferred to remain for the most part isolated in distant Victoria. In contrast to Victoria, where settlers from England had established a strong British presence, New Westminster's early citizens were largely Canadians and Maritimers, who brought a more business-oriented approach to commerce and dismissed the pretensions of the older community. Despite being granted a municipal council, the mainlanders in New Westminster also pressed for a legislative assembly to be created for British Columbia, and were infuriated when Governor Douglas granted free port status to Victoria, which stifled the economic growth of the Fraser River city. Moreover, to pay for the expense of building roads into the Interior of the colony, Douglas imposed duties on imports into New Westminster.\nIn 1866, the colony of British Columbia and the colony of Vancouver Island were united as \"British Columbia\". However, the capital of the Colony of Vancouver Island, Victoria, located on the southern tip of Vancouver Island, was made the capital of the newly amalgamated Colony of British Columbia, following a vote in the House of Assembly. On the day of the vote one member of the assembly, William Cox (one of the colony's Gold Commissioners and a Victoria supporter), shuffled the pages of the speech that William Franklyn from Nanaimo (a New Westminster supporter) intended to give, so that Franklyn lost his place and read the first paragraph three times. Cox then popped the lenses of Franklyn's glasses from their frames so that the Nanaimo representative could see nothing at all of his speech. After a recess to settle the resulting uproar and allow the member from Nanaimo a chance to sort out his speaking notes and his spectacles, on the members' return to the House of Assembly, the Speaker John Sebastian Helmcken (from Victoria) refused to allow Franklyn a \"second\" chance to speak. The subsequent vote was 13 to 8 against New Westminster.\nWith the entry of British Columbia into the Dominion of Canada in 1871, as the sixth province, New Westminster's economic prospects improved, but the Royal City would lose out again, this time to the new railway terminus town of Vancouver, when the Canadian Pacific Railway was extended to the shores of Burrard Inlet, even though a spur of the railway did reach New Westminster in 1886. In 1879, the federal government allocated three reserves to the New Westminster Indian Band, including of the South Westminster Reserve, on the North Arm of the Fraser River, and on Poplar Island. A smallpox epidemic devastated the New Westminster Band, reducing the band members from about 400 people to under 100. Many of the remaining Qayqayt were assimilated into other local reserves, such as the neighbouring Musqueam Indian Band. Their reserve on Poplar Island was turned into an Aboriginal smallpox victim quarantine area. For decades, the Poplar Island reserve was designated as belonging to \"all coast tribes\". In 1913 the federal government seized most of the New Westminster Band's reserve lands. In 1916 the remaining land on Poplar Island was turned over to the BC government. Eighteen years earlier, in 1898, a devastating fire destroyed downtown New Westminster.\nIn 1991, the New Westminster Armoury was recognized as a Federal Heritage building on the Register of the Government of Canada Heritage Buildings.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This week’s FEEDBACK FRIDAY was with natural dye artist and educator Natalie Stopka.\nWatch the video recording here:\nFrom Natalie (chat box questions answered and more!)\n- The Materials and Techniques of Medieval Painting by Daniel V. Thompson, 1956.\n- An Anonymous 14th Century Treatise De Arte Illuminandi, The Technique of Manuscript Illumination translated by Daniel Varney Thompson, Jr, and George Heard Hamilton, 1933. (full text online)\n- Add more alum (and enough alkali to neutralize it) to increase the amount of aluminum hydroxide. This is the colorless, translucent mineral base the dye attaches to\n- Add an opaque extender such as calcium carbonate\nNatalie Stopka is an artist and educator focused on creative processes rooted in the materials and forces of the natural world. Her pursuit of historical surface patterning techniques includes natural dyeing, lake pigment extraction, marbling, and printmaking. These meticulous, layered processes incorporate materials grown in her studio garden in Yonkers, NY, creating a seasonally evolving vocabulary of texture and color. Her botanical palette of lake pigments and indigo is inspired by the recipes of 14th-18th century artists and marblers.\nHer upcoming (virtual) Lake Pigment workshop with the Textile Arts Center, introduces participants to lake pigments made from natural dyes. Lake pigments are a great way use every drop of natural color by converting it to a shelf-stable powder. These pigments can be used for making natural paints or pastels, or for split lake dyeing. Students can join in dye extraction and laking in our first remote studio session, then continue to process their pigments over 1-2 hours of independent work during the week. Our second session will focus on sharing our experiments, paint making, and Q+A. Garden and kitchen-foraged colorants are encouraged, or students can opt to purchase a kit of materials at the time of registration.\nNEXT WEEK we’ll be talking with Plant Workshop’s Milisa Moses, Botanical Colors’ President Kathy Hattori and Botanical Colors’ Sustainability Director Amy DuFault to review the basics of growing, harvesting and dyeing with your own dye plants. We’ll feature a few of the varieties that we love to grow and show you what colors come from them. Milisa will reprise her guidance for starting your own seeds now and Kathy and Amy will have dye flowers and bundle and immersion dye techniques. We’ll leave lots of time for questions!\nIf you are not familiar with FEEDBACK FRIDAY, every week, we speak with dyers, artists, scientists and scholars about our favorite topic, natural dyeing and color. Curated by Amy DuFault, Botanical Colors’ Sustainability Director and presented by Botanical Colors’ Founder Kathy Hattori.\nWe even have our own theme song thanks to musician (and Amy’s husband) Jimmie Snider!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Florida Family History Research\nThis entry was originally written by the Florida Pioneer Descendants Certification Program Committee of the Florida State Genealogical Society, Inc. for Red Book: American State, County, and Town Sources.\nHistory of Florida\n\"No man would immigrate into Florida—no, not from Hell itself,” declared the Honorable John Randolph of Roanoke, Virginia, in the 1821 United States House of Representatives. The newly annexed territory was, he declared, “a land of swamps, of quagmires, of frogs and alligators and mosquitoes.” Nonetheless, Florida’s 2000 census would show it to be the nation’s fourth most populous state at that time.\nThe Spanish colonial presence began with the landing of Juan Ponce de Leon at Eastertide in 1513, ninety-four years before the British settlement in Jamestown, Virginia. Spanish Florida ultimately embraced all of the present state and much of the Gulf Coast, including large parts of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.\nIn 1564 French Huguenots settled Fort Caroline on the St. Johns River near present-day Jacksonville. The Spanish reacted immediately, by establishing St. Augustine in 1565 as the first permanent European settlement in America, immediately destroying Fort Caroline. After further hostilities, France soon abandoned designs on peninsular Florida. Elizabethan England, however, was not to be so easily intimidated.\nSpain was to spend much of the seventeenth century attempting to dissuade the English by scattering its own colonists across Florida. By the 1680s, San Marcos de Apalache (now St. Marks) on the Gulf coast had grown to noteworthy proportions. In the final third of the century, pressure from the French to the west and the English and their Native American allies to the north prompted Spain to fortify St. Augustine and to re-establish a former settlement at Pensacola in 1698. In 1702 and 1703, there were numerous British raids. Seventeen years later, the French took and briefly held Pensacola before relinquishing the town, joining with Spain against England, and finally retiring further westward along the Gulf Coast.\nFollowing an indecisive treaty in 1748 and a decade of peace with Spain, England was again at war with France. By 1761, Spain, fearful that a French defeat could damage its own colonial interests, finally took sides with France, but it was too late. The Treaty of Paris, ending the Seven Years War in 1763, saw Spain cede Florida to England in exchange for the captured city of Havana, Cuba.\nBritish East Florida reached from the Atlantic to the Apalachicola River; British West Florida ran from the Apalachicola to the Mississippi. In 1765, England sent Surveyor General William Gerard de Brahm and Royal Botanist John Bartram to the new possession and offered bounties, land grants, and other inducements to settlers. Thus, East and West Florida remained loyal to Britain during the American Revolution, and St. Augustine became crowded with Tory refugees from Georgia and the Carolinas.\nIn 1781, Spain captured Pensacola from Britain, which two years later exchanged both Floridas for the Bahama Islands. For a decade after the American Revolution there were sporadic Spanish-American border disputes until the Pinckney Treaty of 1795 fixed the 31st parallel as the northern boundary of West Florida and gave the United States undisputed control of an area that now comprises nearly a third of Alabama and Mississippi.\nSpain supported the British in the War of 1812 but never declared war on the United States. Nonetheless, Andrew Jackson seized and then abandoned Spanish Pensacola in 1814 and helped convince Spain of the folly of trying to hold an overseas colony contiguous to a large and unfriendly nation already coveting its lands. Under the terms of the Adams-Onis Treaty, which took effect in 1821, Spain gave up East and West Florida in exchange for claims by U.S. citizens, of up to five million dollars against Spain.\nIn 1821 Congress provided for a territorial governor, territorial courts, and a thirteen-member legislative council. Florida’s first two counties were established on 21 July 1821. By its first territorial census in 1830, three years before the skeptical Honorable John Randolph of Roanoke died, Florida boasted 34,730 inhabitants. By statehood fifteen years later, its population had surpassed 66,500.\nThe massacre of Army Major Francis Langhorne Dade and two companies of soldiers in December 1835 marked the opening hostilities of the Second Seminole War, which would end seven years later after an expenditure of more than $20 million and the loss of 1,500 soldiers. By the end of the third Seminole War (1855–58), over 3,800 Native Americans, free African Americans, and runaway slaves were relocated to the Indian Territory, which is now Oklahoma.\nIn 1842, a wave of immigrants was enticed by the Armed Occupation Act to bear arms and protect their land against the Indians. After five years, the land became theirs as long as they cultivated and built a home on it. Florida attained statehood on 3 March 1845, the first among the Atlantic coast colonies settled, but the last admitted to the Union. By then, Florida’s people had lived under the flags of four sovereign nations: Spain, France, Great Britain, and the United States.\nResearchers should be aware that county boundaries changed frequently during three time periods: after the change of ownership from Spain to the U.S. in 1821; after 1900, when the railroad was completed on the East Coast of Florida; and during the “Land Boom,” which began right after World War I. The last four counties were created in 1925, followed by five years in which Florida suffered a series of financial disasters caused by the weather—extreme cold in the winter of 1925, extreme heat in the summer, and several major hurricane disasters. Florida experienced its own depression from which it took many years to recover. However, Florida did recover, and by 2000 its “swamps and quagmires” were inhabited by more than 15.9 million Americans—making it the fourth most populated state in the nation.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Mitten and Glove Puppets\nLost a mitten or glove? Don't fret! Make its orphan into a cute animal puppet.\nMagna-Tac is a permanent adhesive that contains acetone, so it's a bit smelly. If you are making the puppets with children, you may want to do the gluing yourself. This glue is washable after it has dried. If you are making the puppets for very small children, sewing the small pieces onto the mittens is best, because if small children put the mittens in their mouths, pieces could come loose.\nFor the cat: To make the cat's whiskers, use a needle and linen twine. Pull a length through the mitten near the cat's nose, and tie a knot at its base to secure it. Repeat two or three times on each side of the nose.\nFor the dinosaur: Be sure to use a glove, not a mitten, for the dinosaur. The head should be glued to the middle finger of the glove. The thumb and pointer finger on one side, and the ring and pinky finger on the other will act as legs and feet. Attach the feet (see template) to the ends of these fingers. The pointy spine should run from the center knuckle back over the center of the wrist.\n- Puppet templates\n- Tailor's chalk\n- Felt in a range of colors appropriate to your animal\n- Needle and waxed twine (for cat's whiskers only)\n- Magna-Tac glue (or thread and needle, if you would prefer to sew the felt to the mitten)\nUsing the templates included here, or animal books for inspiration, draw shapes for eyes, ears, paws or feet, and nose onto paper.\nCut out the paper shapes, and use them as templates; trace the designs onto felt with tailor's chalk.\nCut out the felt shapes.\nGlue the various shapes to your mitten or glove, placing noses near the center front of the mitten.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Over the years, your support has made Women’s Web the leading resource for women in India. Now, it is our turn to ask, how can we make this even more useful for you? Please take our short 5 minute questionnaire – your feedback is important to us!\nWhile the queer community faces discrimination, being queer and disabled is a further problem in India, especially if further marginalised by caste, class, or gender.\nPride Month is supposed to celebrate queer culture and pay homage to the struggles faced by queer people- past and present.\nWhile the very idea of earmarking a particular month of the calendar year as ‘Pride Month’ is itself is a matter of debate within many queer circles (primarily because the cause is often hijacked by corporations who piggyback off pink money), one issue that often gets ignored by activists and allies alike is that of representation and inclusion within the community.\nThe queer community, while heterogeneous in composition, is oddly homogenous in representation. Very few queer people from Dalit, Bahujan, Adivasi, Muslim and disabled backgrounds find themselves in positions of power, authority, and visibility in activist and non-activist queer spaces.\nIn this article, I will focus on one aspect of marginality (disability) and explain how these queer people’s exclusion is a problem in the queer movement. One should note, however, that different forms of marginality are interconnected (and are intersectional). For instance, one could be Bahujan and disabled, Muslim and disabled, etc. These intersectional identities shape our lives and concomitantly mold the ways we see, feel, and interact with the world.\nAccording to a 2019 report, about 2.2% of India’s population lived with some kind of physical or mental disability. More men were afflicted than women, and disability was more prevalent in rural areas than urban areas. These statistics are worrying because people in rural areas often times have very little to no access to disability-inclusive care. And although various government schemes exist on paper, progress has been slow and success has been limited.\nIn addition to the weak infrastructure and a lack of access to quality care, social stigma has also forced most people with disabilities inside the private sphere, thereby invisibilizing their very existence.\nKeeping this broad backdrop of disabled people’s exclusion in mind, one can only imagine how challenging it must be for those who are both queer and disabled. Indeed, queer disabled people constitute a double minority whose very existence is stigmatized, pathologized, and invisibilized even today. Recognizing their exclusion and making amends is critical.\nIn a 2011 interview for DNA India, then 37-year-old Dinesh Gupta said “I doubt I’d have been able to walk that far or for that long.” Dinesh is a gay man who was born with a genetic disorder called osteogenesis imperfecta, which causes bones to break easily with little or no apparent cause. And in his interview, he was talking about his struggles of not being able to attend the 2011 Mumbai Pride March. His inability to attend the Pride walk highlights an issue that Pride organizers across the country have been grappling with for years- that of accessibility.\nOne should note, however, that the issue of accessibility isn’t merely limited to pride parades. These conversations must also permeate other fora as well, such as online spaces. In contemporary times, a lot of queer activism has already moved online, leaving those on the wrong side of the digital divide behind. And even among those who are privileged enough to access the internet, I truly wonder how many people with hearing, seeing, and other forms of disabilities can even access and engage with this online content?\nVery few to no informative social media ‘live’ sessions are translated into sign language. Very rarely is written content converted to audio voice snippets for people with visual disabilities and rarely is audio content suffixed with subtitles for those who are deaf or hearing impaired. Thus, online queer activism in India still has a long way to go if it truly wishes to be inclusive.\nI go back to the issue of representation. Before asking how many queer people with disabilities hold positions of power in activist spaces, we must first ask whether queer people with disabilities can even access such spaces, let alone articulate their struggles? We must also remember that the kinds of disabilities that people experience are varied and fall on a spectrum- much like queerness.\nSome disabilities, such as acute schizophrenia, complete or near-complete loss of hearing, sight, speech, and locomotive abilities may require more accommodation than others. While other forms of disabilities such as psoatic limping might be easier to accommodate.\nHowever, disability activists- both inside and outside the queer community- have long rallied against the patronising nature of these accommodations. For instance, the use of the words ‘Divyang’ and ‘Divyangjan’ that are in extensive use in most official government documents and speeches have been publicly decried by many disability activists globally because of how it insensitively glorifies disability (‘Divyang’ roughly translates to ‘divine body’). The Hindu reported in 2019 that even The United Nations’ Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) had marked the word ‘Divyangjan’ as controversial and akin to derogatory terminologies like ‘mentally ill’. Indeed, what people with disabilities are demanding is inclusion, accommodation, and respect. Not essentialization and unwanted glorification.\nQueer people with disabilities face multiple hurdles in India: from dating, to coming to terms with their sexuality and disability, to overcoming stigma, to finding employment, to accessing healthcare, and perhaps most importantly: finding ways to lead happy and fulfilling lives. Given the cis-normative, heteronormative, and ableist formation of our society, overcoming these barriers is challenging and will require a holistic approach to address the multiple dimensions that underline the marginalization of those queer and disabled.\nWithin the universe of queer activism in India, I believe the following should be done immediately:\n~ The issue of disability needs to be treated with greater sensitivity and care. Within queer spaces- both online and offline- reasonable accommodations should be made for people with disabilities, and their presence in these spaces should be both acknowledged and respected.\n~ A lot of problematic, ableist rhetoric is still found on dating platforms, especially among gay men who routinely body-shame each other, pass lewd comments about each other’s private body parts, and cast aspersions about people who do not conform to society’s unrealistic body standards. People with different body types, scars, and disabilities are often reprimanded for not being ‘handsome enough’ or ‘attractive enough’. A lot of this problematic rhetoric is passed off as ‘personal choice’ and ‘individual dating preferences’; but I argue that if people with disabilities are routinely shamed and discriminated against for simply being themselves, then this can no longer be deemed a personal choice. Rather, it is a structural issue that needs to be seen within the broader context of ableism and discrimination.\n~ Issues like accessible and affordable healthcare access for queer disabled people and free/affordable mental health support for those with intellectual and learning disabilities should be taken up by the queer community urgently.\n~ Queer activists should work towards legalizing anti-discrimination laws at the state and central government level which would not only prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression but also disability. This should apply to all sectors: housing, employment, healthcare, etc.\n~ Queer people with disabilities should feel comfortable enough to share their experiences in queer spaces. Their voices should be amplified and their stories should be well documented by the media.\nFor a community rallying for acceptance from others, it should first look within itself and accept its own people who are different. The path to inclusion is no doubt long and hard, but not impossible. What it requires is a sustained effort, continuous commitment, interminable persistence, and determined willpower.\nImage source: a still from the film Margarita With a Straw\nWomen's Web is an open platform that publishes a diversity of views. Individual posts do not necessarily represent the platform's views and opinions at all times. If you have a complementary or differing point of view, sign up and start sharing your views too!\nKanav is, as of June 2021, pursuing his Master's in Development from Azim Premji University, Bangalore. He identifies as queer for personal and political reasons and can be contacted via https://www.linkedin.com/ read more...\nWomen's Web is an open platform that publishes a diversity of views, individual posts do not necessarily represent the platform's views and opinions at all times.\nStay updated with our Weekly Newsletter or Daily Summary - or both!\nIf you want to get back to work after a break, here’s the ultimate guide to return to work programs in India from tech, finance or health sectors - for women just like you!\nLast week, I was having a conversation with a friend related to personal financial planning and she shared how she had had fleeting thoughts about joining work but she was apprehensive to take the plunge. She was unaware of return to work programs available in India.\nShe had taken a 3-year long career break due to child care and the disconnect from the job arena that she spoke about is something several women in the same situation will relate to.\nMore often than not, women take a break from their careers to devote time to their kids because we still do not have a strong eco-system in place that can support new mothers, even though things are gradually changing on this front.\nA married woman has to wear a sari, sindoor, mangalsutra, bangles, anklets, and so much more. What do these ornaments have to do with my love, respect, and commitment to my husband?\nThey: Are you married?\nThey: But You don’t look like it\nMe: (in my Mind) Why should I?\nWhy is being married not enough for a woman, and she needs to look married too? I am tired of such comments in the nearly four years of being married.\nI believe that anything that is forced is not right. I must have a choice. I am a living human, not a puppet. And I am not stopping anyone by not following any tradition. You are free to do whatever you like to do. But do not force others. It’s depressing.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "By: Geir Wing Gabrielsen and Heli Routti // Norwegian Polar Institute\nEldbjørg Heimstad // NILU – Norwegian Institute for Air Research\nEvery year, scientists from the Norwegian Polar Institute, NILU, and Akvaplan-niva collect samples of air and biota from Svalbard. Air samples are collected at the Zeppelin station in Ny-Ålesund.\nSamples from polar bears, arctic foxes, ringed seals, Svalbard reindeer, kittiwakes, common eiders, arctic char, zooplankton, polar and Atlantic cod are collected as a part of annual fieldwork done by scientists or from animals harvested by local hunters. Samples of blood, eggs, and tissues are prepared for storage and analysis in a “clean laboratory”. Such procedures are important to prevent contamination of samples collected.\nThe samples in the Norwegian Environmental Specimen Bank can be used to aid regulatory authorities in identifying hazardous contaminants in the environment.\nThe Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) was established in 2004. So far 152 nations have signed this global treaty to protect human health and the environment from POPs. The main reason for establishing this Convention was the fact that several POPs were a threat to human health and environment. Chemicals are listed under the Convention if they meet the following criteria: the substance is persistent, transported over long distances, accumulates in tissues of humans and wildlife and has harmful effects on animals or humans. To date, 26 chemicals have been banned by the Stockholm Convention.\nEvery year the review committees of the Stockholm Convention, the Arctic Council and the Norwegian Environment Agency nominate a list of currently used organic chemicals that are subsequently analysed in a wide range of environmental samples by Norwegian researchers. Suggestions for this list are made by Fram Centre scientists together with colleagues elsewhere in Norway.\nThe Arctic sends important messages about compounds with properties of concern. When we discover a new man-made chemical in arctic air or biota, the substance probably is not from a local source but has arrived after long-range transport by air and/or sea currents. These findings also tell us that the chemical is not easily degraded and remains intact despite transport over long distances.\nIf we find higher levels of the chemical in predators than in prey, it shows that the chemical accumulates in the food chain. Using samples from polar bears, seals, whales, and seabirds, we can study whether these chemicals affect the health of arctic animals.\nThe findings provided by scientists from the Fram Centre, other Norwegian institutes and universities, and international institutions, are important for national authorities and the Stockholm Convention in their work to regulate the use and production of POPs. Evidence showing the presence and effects of these contaminants in arctic animals is central when negotiating and adopting global actions.\nThe chemical industry is growing. The industry currently produces more than 150 000 chemicals. Around 1500-2000 new chemicals are put on the market every year. Many of them are initially considered useful but are later discovered to be harmful environmental pollutants. When analysing samples we sometimes identify new pollutants.\nThese chemicals are of concern and need to be followed to determine if they are increasing or decreasing in the environment. Samples stored in the Norwegian Environmental Specimen Bank allow scientists and authorities to go back in time and see when the new chemicals were released into the environment.\nThe Stockholm Convention is not the only regulatory body that can benefit from the specimen bank. The Minamata Convention on Mercury, adopted in 2013, aims to reduce the use and emissions of mercury. Historical samples from the specimen bank combined with future samples will make it possible to determine whether mercury levels in the Arctic have decreased over time after the implementation.\nSuch a decrease would signal reduced emissions worldwide. Temporal trend data preserved in the samples of the Norwegian Environmental Specimen Bank will provide valuable information to the Minamata and Stockholm conventions, as well as other efforts – present and future – to control the release of hazardous substances to the environment.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "“In the United Kingdom, The Queen’s title includes the words ‘Defender of the Faith’. This means Her Majesty has a specific role in both the Church of England and the Church of Scotland. As established Churches, they are recognised by law as the official Churches of England and Scotland, respectively. In both England and Scotland, the established Churches are subject to the regulation of law. The principle of religious toleration is fully recognised both for those of other creeds and for those without any religious beliefs. There are no established Churches in Northern Ireland nor in Wales. They were disestablished in 1869 in Northern Ireland and 1920 in Wales. There is no established Church in any Commonwealth country of which The Queen is monarch (i.e. a realm). In addition to playing a role in the Churches of England and Scotland, The Queen recognises and supports the various other faiths practised in the UK and Commonwealth.\nThe Church of England, and the monarch’s relation to it, was established through a series of Parliamentary Acts in the 1530s, which brought about the English Reformation. Henry VIII broke from the Roman Catholic Church by denying papal claims to ecclesiastical or any other jurisdiction, and by declaring himself rather than the Pope as Supreme Head of the Church in England. The Sovereign’s relationship to the Church of Scotland is different. Since 1707, the British Monarch has been required by the Treaty of Union to preserve the Church of Scotland, Scotland’s established Church. The Queen is therefore not the Supreme Governor of the Church of Scotland, but an ordinary member (http://www.royal.gov.uk/ )”.\nChurch of England And The Queen\n“The Sovereign holds the title ‘Defender of the Faith and Supreme Governor of the Church of England’. There are many examples of the relationship between the established Church and the State. Archbishops and bishops are appointed by The Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister, who considers the names selected by a Church Commission. They take an oath of allegiance to The Queen on appointment and may not resign without Royal authority. The connection between Church and State is also symbolised by the fact that the ‘Lords Spiritual’ (consisting of the Archbishops of Canterbury and York and 24 diocesan bishops) sit in the House of Lords. Parish priests also take an oath of allegiance to The Queen. The General Synod (including the bishops, elected representatives from the clergy and the laity) is the supreme authority of the Church of England. The Queen opens the Synod after the elections in the dioceses every five years.\nSince 1919, the Synod (formerly called the Church Assembly) has had the power to pass Measures on any matter concerning the Church of England. Following acceptance of the Measures by both Houses of Parliament (which cannot amend them), they are submitted for Royal Assent and become law. In addition to legislating for the Church by Measure, the General Synod has the power to legislate by Canon in its own domestic affairs such as worship and doctrine, but The Queen’s assent is required for the promulgation of such Canons. Such assent is given on the Home Secretary’s advice. In his or her coronation oath, the Sovereign promises to maintain the Church. The Sovereign must be in communion with the Church of England, that is, a full, confirmed member. The Preface to the 39 Articles of the Church of England describes the monarch as ‘being by God’s Ordinance, according to Our just Title, Defender of the Faith and … Supreme Governor of the Church of England (http://www.royal.gov.uk/ )”.\nChurch of Scotland and the Queen\n“Its supreme authority is the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, presided over by a Moderator chosen each year by the Assembly itself. The monarch takes an oath to preserve the Church of Scotland at the meeting of the Privy Council immediately following his or her accession. The Crown is represented at the Assembly, sometimes by the monarch in person, but more often by a Lord High Commissioner appointed each year by The Queen. Provided that it acts within the law of the land, the Assembly has the power to pass resolutions which can have effect without Royal Assent (http://www.royal.gov.uk/ )”.\nOther Faiths and the Queen\n“Modern Britain is a multi-cultural, multi-faith society, made up of Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Jews, Sikhs and people of other faiths. The Commonwealth is also made up of peoples with different religious beliefs. The Queen’s role as Head of State and Head of Commonwealth is to respect and recognise these various faiths, and to promote tolerance and understanding between people of different religions. This is reflected in The Queen’s Christmas and Commonwealth broadcast speeches, which have often addressed the theme of religious tolerance. In her Christmas Message in 2004, for example, The Queen remarked: “Everyone is our neighbour, no matter what race, creed or colour.”\nMembers of different denominations faiths are represented at major Royal ceremonial occasions with a religious dimension – for example, weddings, funerals and services of thanksgiving. The Queen has also hosted a number of events which bring representatives of all denominations and faiths together – for example, a reception at Buckingham Palace for leaders of different religions in 2002. Although Supreme Governor of the Church of England, throughout her reign The Queen has recognised other denominations within the Christian faith, attending various ecumenical gatherings and services. During the course of her visits throughout the UK and overseas, The Queen has visited the places of worship of many different faiths, meeting religious leaders and worshippers.\nIn 2002 The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh visited Highgate Hill Murugan Hindu Temple in North London. In the same year The Queen met worshippers at a community mosque in Scunthorpe. In 2006 The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh attended a reception to mark the 350th anniversary of the Jewish Community in Great Britain at St James’s Palace, London. In 2008 The Queen visited the Green Mosque during a State visit to Turkey. The Prince of Wales has long called for an acknowledgement of the strengths of other religious traditions, and for greater mutual understanding amongst the adherents of the world’s different faiths. The Prince’s efforts to foster a greater understanding between Islam and the West have attracted particular attention. His Royal Highness has been Patron of the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies since 1993. The Prince of Wales has also demonstrated his respect for the other faiths by visiting their holy places and places of worship, including the Sri Guru Singh Sabha Gurdwara Sikh Temple in Southall opened in June 2003 and the Bevis Marks synagogue in central London (http://www.royal.gov.uk/ )”.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Soul of the Beast takes place in 1886 during the time of the British Empire. At the time, many Irishmen were convicted of the same felony. Their crime? Stealing food to feed their starving families. For punishment, they were sent to the penal colony in Australia. Below are excerpts from an online article on the subject by Independent Australia. You can read the article by clicking on the link.\nIn the early [1800's], …Australia became the first [British] colony to build a society [based] on the labour of convicted felons…Between 1787 and 1852, more than 150,000 convicts were transported to eastern Australia … around 50,000 prisoners being of Irish origin… minor thefts [like stealing food to survive were the predominant reasons for the Irish convictions]…\nMany [Irish] convicts were bewildered by the first days of the voyage to Australia… few had travelled in a ship. Most had not [made a] journey of even 200 miles … by sentence of the courts, they [took] one of the longest voyages any traveller could make …[many convicts died during the migration southwards.]\nThis convict class was singled out for [unusually hard punishments] by the Australian authorities. … Irish formed the country’s first white minority. The Irish convicts’ first and only attempt at rebellion, the 1804 uprising at Castle Hill, was ruthlessly put down. [Many] of its leaders [were] hanged … many [were whipped to death and others died in chains.]\nI’d like to hear your comments. You can post them below.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Species group: Geckos\nOther common names: Israeli Sand Gecko; Lichtenstein's Short-fingered Gecko;\nScientific name: Stenodactylus sthenodactylus\nThe Israeli Sand Gecko is native to northern Africa, Israel, Jordan and southwest Asia. Stenodactylus sthenodactylus is one of three species of Stenodactylus available to hobbyists in North America.\nAppearance / health:\nStenodactylus sthenodactylus matures to 3 - 4 inches (8.9 cm - 10.1 cm) and has a mixture of tan, brown, yellow and black.\nBehavior / temperament:\nDwarf sand geckos, like many geckos, are nocturnal and need an area or two to hide during the day. Hide spots can be created with cork bark, driftwood, slate, or commercial reptile hide boxes.\nA group of three adult Dune Geckos (one male and two females) can be housed in a standard 10 gallon aquarium that measures 20 inches long by 10 inches wide by 12 inches high (50 cm by 25 cm by 30 cm). The vivarium should always be kept dry and well ventilated, and a temperature range of 75 - 85°F (24 -29°C) during the day, and 65 - 75°F (18 - 24°C) works well. Dwarf sand geckos are nocturnal and need an area to hide in during the day. Hides can be created with bark, driftwood, rock, or commercial reptile hide boxes.\nHouse Geckos are best kept as a pair or in a group with only one male. Males are territorial and aggressive towards other males.\nDune Geckos primarily eat crickets, moths, flies, cockroaches, and other insects, as well as silkworms, wax worms, and mealworms. Feeding them with gut-loaded or calcium-dusted crickets will help provide sufficient nutrition.\nsmall wildcaught insects, reptile nightviewing bulbs, small roach nymphs, ample Vitamin D3\nThe tiny Israeli dune gecko makes an ideal pet for “night-owls” with limited space. Although their history in the pet trade is not very extensive, they appear quite hardy when provided with proper care.\nA trio (1 male, 2 females) can be kept in a 10-15 gallon terrarium with a dry substrate and hiding spots in the form of caves and cork bark; clay-based substrates may allow them to create their own burrows. They are nocturnal, and so if provided a healthful diet and ample Vitamin D3 will do fine without UVB exposure. Red reptile night-viewing bulbs will allow you to watch your pets after dark (they sense little if any of the light produced by these bulbs). Red bulbs and a sub-tank heater can be used to establish a temperature range of 76- 90 F.\nA wide variety of insects supplemented with powdered calcium and vitamins are essential to their well-being. This can be a challenge, as options are limited due to this gecko’s small size. For this reason, they are best kept only by those who can provide flightless houseflies, flour beetle larvae, fruit flies, and small wild-caught insects, in addition to calciworms, tiny roaches and crickets, silkworms and other commercially-available insects; crickets and mealworms alone, even if supplemented, will not maintain their health long-term..\nFrom findiviglio Nov 5 2015 5:21PM", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Nationalism was the most powerful idea of the 1800s. Its influence stretched throughout Europe and the Americas. It shaped countries by creating new ones or breaking up old ones. In Europe, it also upset the balance of power set up at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, affecting the lives of millions. Empires in Europe were made up of many different groups of people. Nationalism fed the desire of most of those groups to be free of the rule of empires and govern themselves in their traditional lands.\nNationalism: A Force for Unity or Disunity\nDuring the 1800s, nationalism fueled efforts to build nation-states. Nationalists were not loyal to kings, but to their people—to those who shared common bonds. Nationalists believed that people of a single “nationality,” or ancestry, should unite under a single government. However, people who wanted to restore the old order from before the French Revolution saw nationalism as a force for disunity. Gradually, authoritarian rulers began to see that nationalism could also unify masses of people. They soon began to use nationalist feelings for their own purposes. They built nation-states in areas where they remained firmly in control.\nNationalism refers to a strong sense of loyalty, devotion, or pride towards one’s own nation or country. It is an ideology or belief system that emphasizes the interests, culture, history, and well-being of one’s own nation and its people. Nationalism often fosters a sense of unity and common identity among its citizens.\nNationalism can manifest itself in various forms, ranging from cultural expressions and symbols to political movements. It can promote a sense of national unity, encourage patriotism, and foster a collective sense of purpose and belonging. Nationalism can also be influential in shaping political, economic, and social policies, as it seeks to prioritize the interests of the nation and its citizens.\nWhile nationalism can be a unifying force, it can also have its drawbacks. Extreme forms of nationalism can lead to exclusionary attitudes, prejudice, and hostility towards other nations or ethnic groups. It can contribute to conflicts and tensions between different nations, as well as impede international cooperation and understanding.\nIt’s important to note that nationalism can take on different forms and interpretations in different contexts. Some forms of nationalism may be based on civic ideals, where citizenship and shared values form the basis of national identity. Others may have more ethnic or cultural foundations, emphasizing ancestry, language, or heritage as defining factors of the nation.\nTypes of Nationalist Movements\nNationalism Shakes Aging Empires:\nThree aging empires—the Austrian Empire of the Hapsburgs, the Russian Empire of the Romanovs, and the Ottoman Empire of the Turks—contained a mixture of ethnic groups. Control of land and ethnic groups moved back and forth between these empires, depending on victories or defeats in war and on royal marriages. When nationalism emerged in the 19th century, ethnic unrest threatened and eventually toppled these empires.\nThe Breakup of the Austrian Empire:\nThe Austrian Empire brought together Slovenes, Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Poles, Serbs, and Italians. In 1866, Prussia defeated Austria in the Austro-Prussian War. With its victory, Prussia gained control of the newly organized North German Confederation, a union of Prussia and 21 smaller German political units. Then, pressured by the Hungarians, Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria split his empire in half, declaring Austria and Hungary independent states, with himself as ruler of both. The empire was now called Austria-Hungary or the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Nationalist dis- putes continued to weaken the empire for more than 40 years. Finally, after World War I, Austria-Hungary broke into several separate nation-states.\nThe Russian Empire Crumbles:\nNationalism also helped break up the 370-year-old empire of the czars in Russia. In addition to the Russians themselves, the czar ruled over 22 million Ukrainians, 8 million Poles, and smaller numbers of Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Finns, Jews, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians, Turks, and others. Each group had its own culture. The ruling Romanov dynasty of Russia was determined to maintain iron control over this diversity. They instituted a policy of Russification, forcing Russian culture on all the ethnic groups in the empire. This policy actually strengthened ethnic nationalist feelings and helped to disunify Russia. The weakened czarist empire finally could not withstand the double shock of World War I and the communist revolution. The last Romanov czar gave up his power in 1917.\nThe Ottoman Empire Weakens:\nThe ruling Turks of the Ottoman Empire controlled Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians, and Armenians. In 1856, under pressure from the British and French, the Ottomans granted equal citizenship to all the people under their rule. That measure angered conservative Turks, who wanted no change in the situation, and caused tensions in the empire. For example, in response to nationalism in Armenia, the Ottomans massacred and deported Armenians from 1894 to 1896 and again in 1915. Like Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire broke apart soon after World War I.\nA nation-state is a territorially bounded sovereign polity—i.e., a state—that is ruled in the name of a community of citizens who identify themselves as a nation\nFurther, a nation-state is a type of state that conjoins the political entity of a state to the cultural entity of a nation, from which it aims to derive its political legitimacy to rule and potentially it’s status as a sovereign state if one accepts the declarative theory of statehood as opposed to the constitutive theory.\nUnification Of Italy\nThe unification of Italy was a prominent social and political movement of the 19th century that resulted in the convergence of various states of the Italian Peninsula into the Italian kingdom. The process started in 1815 with the Congress of Vienna and ended in 1871 when Rome was declared the capital of Italy.\nAt the beginning of 1840, the Unification of Italy united several states of the Peninsula into a single kingdom of Italy by different social and political movements. The transfer of united Italy into a political and cultural entity is called Risorgimento. Giuseppe Garibaldi was unsuccessful in creating Italy united as an independent democracy. Giuseppe Mazzini is one of the most successful leaders in creating Italy United.\nCamillo Di Cavour is one of the great democrats who used realpolitik as a successful tool for making a united Italy under Sardinia. ‘Realpolitik’ is the major policy that was constructed in terms of self-interest and power of idiomatic nation-states in Italy. The Government of Sardinia included its domain in the French and British side after the Crimean War in 1858 by using a press conference. In 1859 Austria declared battle against Sardinia and it was knocked over by the French army.\n“The Italian Peninsula” was classified throughout Italy into several states upon the Roman king in 476 AD. In 1830 the unification of Italy resulted in French revolutions in several Italian states. Giuseppe Garibaldi was the first Democrat who took part in the insurrection in the year 1848; however, the attempt failed several times. With the support of Giuseppe Garibaldi to the Victor Emmanuel 2, it helped in returning to Italy with several volunteers from Naples and Sicily.\nThe insurrection was successful with the help of the Redshirts army of Garibaldi in 1860, which captured the island of Naples and Sicily. Meanwhile, the Italian northern states accepted Victor Emmanuel 2 as their emperor and in 1861 Sicily and Naples were handled by the king of Italy as their kingdom. However, Rome and Venice have concluded states under the foreign kingdom and changing the capital to Rome in 1871 helps to complete the unification of Italy.\nThe timeline of Italian unification is described below:\n1849- In this year Venice was defeated by the Austrian army which created a major effect by crushing so many people in Venetia.\n1858- Cavour and Napoleon III decided to organize war against Austria by gaining Venetia, Lombardy, Modena, and Parma to Italy.\n1859- The importance of this year was Cavour’s return to Venetia and Napoleon III backed out from war with Austria. In this year Sardinia captured Modena, Tuscany, and Parma and Lombardy was taken by Sardinia.\n1860- Sardinia captured central Italian states by giving Savoy and nice to the French in this year. Another incident occurred this year as Emmanuel II became the first emperor of Italy with the help of Garibaldi and their Redshirt army. Garibaldi resized Palermo as a capital with the help of the British government. After establishing the domain of Victor Emmanuel II in Sicily, this year Garibaldi took the power of Naples and handed over his power to the king.\n1861- “Camillo Di Cavour ” died this year after seeing that the Papal States were not controlled by Italy and established an official kingdom of Italy in Venetia.\n1867- Garibaldi seeks the Papal States and Rome apart from the attempt that fails and the revolution in Rome was suppressed.\n1870- The army of Italy slowly moved towards Rome and captured Rome and created their domain in Rome forcefully.\n1871- This is the year when the unification of Italy was completed by moving the Italian capital to Rome.\nLeaders in the Unification of Italy\nThe unification of Italy brought so many strong leaders like Giuseppe Garibaldi, Giuseppe Mazzini, and Cavour, their work is marked in world history. Giuseppe Garibaldi is the most involved leader, who gave support in the process of unification. Cavour took Realpolitik as a tool to unite Italy in 1861. After the revolution in Italy in 1848, Giuseppe Garibaldi recruited many volunteers, who supported the independence of Italy at the end of the First World War and established the Roman Republic. He promoted the goal of Giuseppe Mazzini of united Italy as a permanent monarchy. He was successful in defeating the United Kingdom and royal troops with the support of local reinforcement.\nGiuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882) was an Italian military general and nationalist leader who played a crucial role in the unification of Italy in the 19th century. He is considered one of the key figures in the Risorgimento, the political and social movement that led to the formation of a unified Italian state.\nGaribaldi was born on July 4, 1807, in Nice, which was then part of the French Empire. He initially pursued a career at sea and became a skilled sailor. However, his political beliefs and his desire to see Italy unified led him to become involved in various nationalist and revolutionary activities.\nIn the 1830s and 1840s, Garibaldi participated in several failed uprisings against Austrian and Bourbon rule in Italy. He gained fame for his military skills and his bold and charismatic leadership. Garibaldi also embraced the idea of a “Red Shirt” volunteer army, which became his signature style during his military campaigns.\nOne of Garibaldi’s most famous campaigns was the Expedition of the Thousand in 1860. With a force of only a few thousand volunteers, he sailed from Genoa to Sicily and successfully captured the island from the Bourbon rulers. Garibaldi’s rapid victories and popular support in Sicily and southern Italy played a significant role in the unification process.\nDespite his military successes, Garibaldi encountered challenges and political opposition from other Italian leaders. Ultimately, he decided to support the efforts of Count Camillo di Cavour, the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. Cavour sought to unite Italy under the leadership of the Piedmontese monarchy, and Garibaldi recognized the importance of a unified approach.\nIn 1861, Italy was officially proclaimed as a unified kingdom, with Victor Emmanuel II of the House of Savoy as its king. Garibaldi willingly surrendered his territories to the king and retired from active politics. However, he remained an iconic figure and a symbol of Italian unity and nationalism.\nGaribaldi continued to be involved in various military and political activities in later years. He supported causes such as the defense of Rome against French troops and fought in conflicts in South America. Garibaldi passed away on June 2, 1882, in Caprera, Italy.\nToday, Giuseppe Garibaldi is widely regarded as one of the founding fathers of modern Italy. He is celebrated for his unwavering commitment to the ideals of freedom, unity, and independence. His contributions to the unification of Italy and his efforts to establish a democratic nation have left a lasting impact on Italian history and culture.\nGiuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872) was an Italian revolutionary, politician, and nationalist who played a crucial role in the movement for Italian unification, known as the Risorgimento. He is considered one of the key ideological figures of the Italian unification process.\nMazzini was born on June 22, 1805, in Genoa, Italy. He studied law at the University of Genoa and became involved in nationalist and republican movements at an early age. Mazzini believed in the importance of individual freedom, national independence, and popular sovereignty.\nOne of Mazzini’s most significant contributions was the founding of a secret society called Young Italy (Giovine Italia) in 1831. The society aimed to promote the unification of Italy as a republic through revolutionary means. Mazzini saw the creation of a united Italian state as a way to bring about social and political reform, as well as to counter foreign domination.\nUnder Mazzini’s leadership, Young Italy became a prominent force in the nationalist movement. The organization spread its ideas and recruited members throughout Italy, advocating for a democratic republic and inspiring a sense of national identity among Italians. Mazzini’s writings and speeches were influential in shaping the nationalist sentiment of the time.\nDespite facing numerous setbacks and political repression, Mazzini’s ideas gained traction and inspired a new generation of Italian revolutionaries. He became a symbol of resistance and the fight for independence.\nMazzini’s vision for a unified Italy went beyond mere political unity; he sought to create a society based on civic virtue, equality, and the well-being of all citizens. His ideas influenced later Italian leaders, such as Giuseppe Garibaldi and Camillo di Cavour, who played vital roles in the actual unification of Italy.\nAlthough Mazzini’s dream of a unified Italian republic was not fully realized during his lifetime, his ideals and contributions were significant. His emphasis on nationalism, democracy, and popular participation in politics had a lasting impact on the movement for Italian unification.\nMazzini continued his political activism and involvement in revolutionary activities throughout his life. He lived in exile for much of his adult life, residing in cities such as London and Geneva. He worked tirelessly to promote his vision of a united Italy, as well as supporting the liberation movements in other countries.\nGiuseppe Mazzini passed away on March 10, 1872, in Pisa, Italy. His legacy as an advocate for Italian nationalism and republican ideals continues to be celebrated in Italy and is recognized internationally. Mazzini’s contributions to the Risorgimento and his dedication to the cause of Italian unification have left an indelible mark on the history of Italy.\nUnification Of Germany\nThe Unification of Germany in 1871 was an event in which the various states were formed into the German Empire. In the 1860s, Otto von Bismarck, then Minister President of Prussia, provoked three short, decisive wars against Denmark, Austria, and France.\nThe Germans for their overall development in the financial condition have stimulated the gush of German nationalism as well as it helps to improve the transportation service throughout the region. The unification of Germany happened because of the Prussian army. There are also other crucial reasons for the unification of Germany. The two deadly wars that are the Franco- Prussian war and the Austro- Prussian war are one of the big reasons behind the unification of Germany. Many earlier attempts have failed due to nationalists and liberals. The lesson that had been learned by the German nationalists was that unification needed to be achieved through leadership and other forces.\nMany important reasons caused the unification of Germany. The four major reasons behind the unification of Germany are the role of Bismarck, the strength of the Prussian economy, the decline of Austria, and the military power of Prussia. The economic strength of Prussia was one of the most important reasons behind the unification of Germany. The economic condition of Prussia has been rising and improving at that time which leads them to develop their trade and transport business as well. They also managed to get the best and a better-modernized army. Many smaller states in Germany were looking at the Prussian trade and wanted to get a business relationship with them. Prussia at that time was producing more important resources such as iron and coal which lead them to be in a good position in terms of the economy than other countries such as Austria and Germany.\nThe Prussians also developed more new roads and railway networks for their trade which helped them to make a good relationship with other countries. Prussia was producing more raw materials such as coal, iron which also helped to boost their industrial development, and resulted in a strong economic position. It further strengthened their military as well and they managed to build up a higher position in front of Austria and Germany.\nBackground of the Unification of Germany\nBefore the unification, Germany was a collaboration of small kingdoms, which existed following the treaty. Those kingdoms would be formed based on the Roman Empire. Most importantly, there was no homogeneous identity of German until the 19th century. These crucial factors started enlarging the path for the unification of Germany. The system through having the small states in the kingdom was regarded as the practiced small states. The industrial revolution further assisted in the improvement of transportation and communication. The whole scenario changed when France defeated the Roman Empire during the Napoleonic War. The German confederation had been re-established in 1815 a humongous wave of German nationalism wiped through the place at the beginning of the 19th century. In other parts, Bismarck had provoked Napoleon the Third through diplomatic steps and subtle provocations. The French have shown some seemingly aggressive steps to restrain other European powers in terms of supporting Napoleon the Third. These factors resulted in the German states, a huge wave of anti-French sentiments. At the time when Bismarck strode the army of Prussia towards the border of France, they had been collaborated by the armies of other states of Germany. This step was more than enough for Napoleon the Third to establish himself as a great and devastating emperor in front of France. That war would run until the fall of Paris to the Prussian army.\nIn 1864, Bismarck took the first step toward molding an empire. Prussia and Austria allied and went to war against Denmark to win two border provinces, Schleswig and Holstein.A quick victory increased national pride among Prussians. It also won new respect from other Germans and lent support for Prussia as head of a unified Germany. After the victory, Prussia governed Schleswig, while Austria controlled Holstein.\nSeven Weeks’ War:\nBismarck purposely stirred up border conflicts with Austria over Schleswig and Holstein. The tensions provoked Austria into declaring war on Prussia in 1866. This conflict was known as the Seven Weeks’ War. The Prussians used their superior training and equipment to win a devastating victory. They humiliated Austria. The Austrians lost the region of Venetia, which was given to Italy. They had to accept the Prussian annexation of more German territory.\nWith its victory in the Seven Weeks’ War, Prussia took control of northern Germany. For the first time, the eastern and western parts of the Prussian kingdom were joined. In 1867, the remaining north states joined the North German Confederation, which Prussia dominated completely.\nThe Franco-Prussian War:\nBy 1867, a few southern German states remained independent of Prussian control. The majority of southern Germans were Catholics. Many in the region resisted domination by Protestant Prussia. However, Bismarck felt he could win the support of Southerners if they faced a threat from outside. He reasoned that a war with France would rally the South.\nEffects of the unification\nGermany never had any homogeneity that can be regarded as the Germans thought they were not the exact Germans. The war of unification in Germany resulted in the seizure of a huge population of non-German speakers. Mostly the Catholics that are polishing speaking did not assimilate themselves into the German culture. Bismarck at that time opposed the issues of the religious minorities of Germany. The unification of Germany changed the political, social, and economic landscape and had more lasting impacts. The welcoming of German nations that were unified into European politics was appreciated with mixed feelings of fear. It was anticipated that the balance of power among continental Europe could defeat the powerful enemies whose military prowess was unmatched by any earning army in the European continent. However, the unification of Germany altered fundamentally the balance of powers delicately. It has resulted in the adaptation of the concept of nationalism as well.\nIn case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.\nFor UPSC Prelims Resources, Click here\nFor Daily Updates and Study Material:\nJoin our Telegram Channel – Edukemy for IAS\n- 1. Learn through Videos – here\n- 2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs – here\n- 3. Daily Newsletter – Get all your Current Affairs Covered – here\n- 4. Mains Answer Writing Practice – here\nVisit our YouTube Channel – here", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Many kids cringe when they hear the words ‘Creative Writing’.\n‘It’s tough’ some say. Others roll their eyes and tell me it’s one of their least favourite subjects. Still others say that writing is their pet hate.\nI’m here to assure you that it doesn’t have to be that way. Creative Writing can be a lot of fun and really quite painless. The best and easiest way for children to get better at writing is to make sure they avoid the MOST COMMON GRAMMAR mistakes even adults make right through their lives.\nI’ve outlined them below. Make sure to share these with your child.\n1) Its and It’s\nIts is a possessive determiner (like saying your or his), whereas it’s is a shortened version of ‘it is’.\nExample of its (possessive): ‘Our car is at the repair shop. Its mirror is broken.’\nExample of it’s: ‘It’s raining.’ (meaning ‘it IS raining)\n2) Your and You’re\nGoodness! I see this in corporate presentations all the time so can’t really blame children if they get this wrong 🙂\n‘Your’ is a possessive determiner (again like saying his or her), whereas ‘You’re’ is a shortened version of ‘you are’.\nExample of ‘your'(possessive): ‘Your dress looks lovely.’\nExample of ‘you’re’: ‘Gee, you’re quick. You’ve finished your meal already.’\n3) Lose and Loose\nThis is one of the most common grammar mistakes to watch out for.\n‘Lose’ means to misplace something. As in ‘Be careful not to lose your jumper at school’\nWhereas ‘loose’ means ‘not firmly in place’. As in ‘his shoelaces were loosely tied.’\n4) Their and There\n‘Their’ is a possessive determiner as in ‘The Smiths live in a big house and their dog is ferocious.’\nOn the other hand, ‘there’ means ‘in/at/to that place.’ For example: ‘Don’t go there. It’s dangerous.’\nSo, these then are the most common grammar mistakes most kids (and adults) make. Get your child to practise these tips consistently and be amazed at how much stronger his or her writing becomes as a result.\nFor more strategies on creative writing, don’t forget to enrol your child for my upcoming Creative Writing Workshop for Kids on 29th Sep (in Sydney). Links below:", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Our ecosystem is designed brilliantly, as it allows us to co-exist. Animals, humans, reptiles, birds, plants all exist together. All these species are independents, either directly or indirectly, and help each other survive. Yet some of the animal species are endangered. We have put together a list of the most threatened and endangered species in the world. If we don’t protect these animals, the Earth might head to mass extinction (aka the 6th Mass Extinction) in a couple of centuries.\nAnimals are equally crucial for the environment. However, when they go endangered, it comes with a cost. Most animals help in pollinating plants, exhale carbon dioxide for plants to breathe. Additionally, when they die and decompose, they provide minerals for the growth of the plants.\nAnimals also make excellent companions to humans. Yet some of the animal species are becoming endangered and going extinct. The reasons for their decline are both human-made and natural.\nOverharvesting, pollution, population, and global warming are leading to the destruction of their natural habitats and make them endangered species of the world.\nEnvironment and climate changes have also contributed to their endangerment. Humans are indeed destroying the Earth.\nAdditionally, a threat from predators also leads to their dwindling numbers of endangered species in the world. Not only animals but endangered languages are also becoming common, and they would perhaps slowly die.\nList of World’s Most Threatened & Endangered Species\nHere’s the list of the world’s most threatened species, meaning these species are threatened with extinction on Earth.\nThis report was published by the Zoological Society of London along with IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature).\n- Leaf scaled sea-snake\n- Great Indian Bustard (Bird)\n- Plowshare tortoise\n- Madagascar pochard (Bird)\n- Galapagos damselfish\n- Giant yellow croaker (Fish)\n- Common batagu (Turtle)\n- Franklin’s bumblebee\n- Tarzan’s chameleon\n- Santa Catarina’s guinea pig\n- Amsterdam albatross (Bird)\n- Hula painted frog\n- Spoon-billed sandpiper (Bird)\n- Northern bald ibis (Bird)\n- Table mountain ghost frog\n- Singapore freshwater crab\n- Edwards’s pheasant (Bird)\n- Pangasid catfish\n- Geometric tortoise\n- Javan rhino\n- Tonkin snub-nosed monkey\n- Red-crested tree rat\n- Angel shark\n- Red-finned blue-eye (Fish)\nWorld’s Most Threatened And Endangered Species\nThese top five most endangered animal species of this planet might go extinct. If not protected, soon you may only find them in books and articles. Here is a list of endangered species in the world:\n1. Northern Hairy Nosed Wombat\nThis hairy and giant wombat can be found in Queensland Australia and is soon going to be extinct. In the Epping Forest National Park. They are slowly built like all wombats. Their eyesight is weak, but their sense of smell is strong, which helps them to look for food.\nTheir entire body has grey fur, even the nose. Thus, the name ‘Hairy Nosed.’ They have a large head and sturdy legs with sharp claws.\nThere are only 115 Northern Hairy Nosed Wombats left on Earth.\n2. Pygmy Three-Toed Sloth\nPygmy Three-Toed Sloth is also known as the Monk sloth or Dwarf sloth. You can find it on a small island in Panama by the name of Isla Escudo de Veraguas. The sloth is lower than the other sloths and is only 48 to 53 cm long. They are arboreal and feed on leaves.\nThere are only 79 estimated sloths in the world, making it one of the most endangered species of this planet.\nYou can only find these sloths on red mangroves. Since they feed on these leaves, which are low on nutrients, the Pygmy Sloth is lazy.\n3. Red Crested Tree Rat\nThe red-crested tree Rat’s scientific name is ‘Santamartamys.’\nThis endangered species is found in Colombia’s El Dorado Nature Reserve.\nThe tree rat is only 18 inches long, similar to the size of the guinea pig. It is a nocturnal animal that feeds on plant matter.\nThe species is primarily affected by Feral Cats and climate change, along with the clearing of forests.\n4. Angel Shark\nAngel Shark also is known as Squatina Squatina. You can also find them in temperate and tropical seas. Black sea, Northern Atlantic Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea are home to these sharks.\nThese are intelligent animal species which, while hunting camouflage themselves. The angel sharks hide under the sand while waiting for small fish to swim nearby for them to swallow. Their flattened body is also quite similar to the Rays.\nDue to commercial fishing, these angel sharks are now on the list of endangered species of this planet.\n5. Ploughshare Tortoise\nThe Angonoka or Ploughshare tortoise is also one of the rarest animals and to be endangered species of this planet. It is small and cute.\nThough there are only 440 to 770 in number, they make their place on the list. They are also quite common in Madagascar Bally Bay.\nAdditionally, they are on the verge of extinction because of the pet trade, which is illegal and prohibited.\nThe male tortoise has a high dome than their female counterparts and is brown. There are also prominent growth rings on each scute. Moreover, the plowshare tortoise feeds on grass and shrubs.\nList of Critically Endangered Bird Species\n- Waved albatross\n- Tristan albatross\n- Giant ibis\n- Indian vulture\n- Philippine eagle\n- Layson Duck\nThere are several other species of animals that are worth mentioning, like the Metallic Tarantula, The Hainan Gibbon, and the Bald Ibis or the Spoon Billed Sandpiper. Additionally, there are also certain least concern species.\nA least concern species is a species are the ones that are not much on focus of being threatened or endangered. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is in charge of categorizing the least concern species. Currently, 14,033 species of animals are on the Least Concern list, which includes Antelope, Bald Eagle, Flamingo, Red-Eyed Tree Frog, etc.\nThe critical question that comes to my mind is that we are as humans directly or indirectly responsible for their endangered tag. Moreover, we might make these animals go extinct.\nIf we do not realize how badly we are impacting the environment, our future generation might not even be able to see or know what these animals were.\nWith our concrete jungle and our pollution, we rob these animals of their natural habitats and destroy our ecosystem and endanger our life. Think about it. Act to prevent it!\nKey Takeaways On Endangered Species In The World\n- Animals, humans, reptiles, birds, plants all exist together in our ecosystem.\n- However, a threat from predators, environment, and climate change, has lead to many animals entering the list of endangered species in the world.\n- Additionally, this list is increasing with every passing day.\n- Beautiful creatures like Ploughshare tortoise, Angel Shark, Monk sloth, red-crested tree rat, etc. are some of the most endangered species in the world.\n- Apart from this, there are also a few least concern species that are not much on the focus of being threatened or endangered but can potentially be extinct.\n- No matter what, we need to work towards protecting not only these creatures but also their habitat.\nComment below your thoughts and let us know other endangered species that we need to protect. Together let’s make the world a better place for animals too. Befriend animals!\nSubscribe with us for more updates and stay tuned.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Mathematicians revealed secrets of the domes of Renaissance Cathedrals\n(ORDO NEWS) — Mathematicians found out how the brick dome of the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, created in the 15th century, supported its own weight and did not collapse under the influence of gravity during construction without external support. The results of their work were published by the scientific journal Engineering Structures.\n“The most interesting thing for me was how such beautiful and large domes were built without any formwork, what innovations helped their builders achieve such success. This knowledge, in turn, will help us understand how to adapt such forgotten technologies for use in modern construction,” said Sigrid Adriaenssens, one of the authors of the study, a professor at Princeton University (USA).\nOne of the domes of St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican, as well as the vaults of many other temples of Italy from the early Renaissance, were built using a unique technology, thanks to which the masters of that time built them from the bottom up without formwork and other devices that would not allow the dome to collapse before completion the buildings.\nA similar technique was invented by Italian architect of the 15th century Filippo Brunelleschi during the construction of the cathedral of Florence – Santa Maria del Fiore. It consists in the fact that the dome consists of two types of masonry – a kind of “grid” of vertically laid bricks, which is rotated relative to the Earth‘s surface at an angle of 45 degrees, and horizontal layers of bricks that fill the voids inside the cells of this grid.\nNew Renaissance Heritage\nAdriaenssens and her colleagues note that understanding how such masterpieces were built does not explain how such a structure can not be destroyed both after the construction was completed and when the dome was assembled. For decades, engineers, physicists and mathematicians have been trying to figure this out, but so far they have not had an answer to this question.\nAmerican and Italian mathematicians solved this problem by calculating how the distribution of forces and stresses inside an unfinished dome changes as each new layer of bricks is added. In addition, they studied how the structural properties of the top of the cathedral were affected by the periodic addition of so-called borders – special ledges made of bricks.\nThese calculations helped scientists to find out what these “borders” the architect inserted into the dome at a certain angle, which was always more than 10 degrees. In this case, these inserts themselves, and the entire structure were always stable and never moved. Thanks to this, the dome of the cathedral did not collapse, and he did not need support during all 89 stages of its construction. Thanks to this, Brunelleschi and his students could build such churches without formwork and a large number of workers.\nSimilar principles, scientists suggest, can be used to reduce the cost of building materials and other resources when building domes in modern temples and other buildings, as well as to create fully automated building methods using drones or robots.\nContact us: [email protected]", "label": "No"}
{"text": "How do Heat Pumps work?\nHave you ever felt the amount of heat that comes out the back of your kitchen fridge whilst it cools the inside? If you imagine a big fridge with the hot part inside the building and the cold part outside, this is how an air source heat pump works. By using heat pumps instead of traditional cooling systems, the cycle can be reversed allowing heating and cooling using the same system.\nEssentially, air source heat pumps extract heat from the outside air using a refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant absorbs the heat energy from the air and moves it to where it is wanted, via copper piping. Air conditioning is usually thought of as cooling a space. However made as a heat pump, they can also heat the internal space and even produce hot water. A heat pump can extract energy from the outdoor air efficiently, even on very cold days with sub zero temperatures outside, some as low as -20°C.\nWhile this is a very simple explanation, in reality heat pumps can deliver a wide range of system requirements, from space and hot water heating for domestic settings to fully integrated systems, delivering heating, cooling, hot water, ventilation and heat recovery for complex buildings.\nWhy choose a heat pump?\nThe latest energy saving and carbon reduction legislation means that there is now more onus than ever to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and adopt more sustainable, renewable energy solutions.\nThe benefits of doing so are huge. Delivering up to four times the energy efficiency of traditional Electric fuel systems, heat pump technology can make major cost savings, while avoiding thousands of tonnes of CO2 emissions every year. Many thousands of buildings operate very efficiently with heat pumps as their sole heating source. In commercial environments, heating and cooling with reverse cycle heat pumps mostly release less carbon into the atmosphere than just heating alone would do using a conventional boiler.\nFor the domestic heating market, an air-to-water heat pump solution such as the Daikin Altherma range for UK residential applications offers a high-efficiency, sustainable heating system to replace existing oil or gas boilers.\nCan heat pumps be installed in existing buildings?\nIt’s possible to retro-fit a heat pump into an existing property – it’ll certainly help reduce your reliance on gas, natural gas or oil.\nHowever, at the very outset, you need to upgrade your insulation throughout the entire property. Check your attic, put dampers in open fires, see if you can have cavity wall insulation, double or even triple glazing installed and try and make the property as air-tight as possible.\nDo Heat Pumps make much noise?\nNo, they hum like a large refrigerator. The Worcester heat pumps have had many years of research and development that has included major noise and vibration reduction.\nWhat Maintenance is required for heat pumps?\nEssentially none- the system components do not require regular servicing and no emission checks are needed.\nWhat type of building is suitable for heat pumps?\nHeat pumps are suitable for most building types – domestic and commercial; new and older builds. The ideal situation in which to extract maximum return from a heat pump is a new building (or newly renovated building that’s up to current building regulations) that’s properly insulated and has underfloor heating.\nHowever, it is still possible and practical to install a heat pump into an older building, even one without underfloor heating. Bear in mind though that this is not the most ideal situation for obtaining optimum return from the heat pump. And it is essential the building is insulated to the levels that you’d expect with a new-build property.\nMost radiators would need to be virtually doubled in size or converted to compensate for the lower water temperature and decreased output temperature.\nWill it heat a building on the coldest winter day?\nYes it will. Thousands of these systems have been installed for many years in some of the most northern parts of Scandinavia and Canada where the winters are very hard and long. The key is the design and specification process so the system provides enough energy for the application.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "California Wildfires as the Cause of Mudslides: What You Need to Know\nApproaching wildfire causes imminent danger to human lives, land and property. It isn’t the only hazard to be concerned about, however. Smoke damage is equally devastating. The barren land that fire leaves behind increases the risk of mudslides once the rainy season starts.\nCalifornia Mudslides: The Aftermath of the 2017 Wildfires\nThe areas ravaged by wildfire have very little vegetation left. As a result, there’s nothing there to hold the soil in place once rainfall begins.\nLandslides and mudslides are the direct consequence of the disturbed stability of the slope. Thus, both wildfires and human modifications can increase the risk of soil and mud going down, ruining property and causing infrastructural damage.\nFollowing the Northern California wildfires in October 2017, mudslides killed at least 15 people. Regardless of the fact that the amount of rain was insignificant, the barren landscape contributed to yet another natural disaster.\nBecause they can happen without a warning, mudslides can be deadly. The fact that numerous communities have been left vulnerable after the October fires increases the scope of potentially devastation even further.\nPouring rain in December 2017 and January 2018 has made the situation even more troublesome throughout the state. According to experts, Southern California needs just 10 inches of rainfall during the winter for landslides and mudslides to be triggered. When areas have been previously burned, the amount of rain needed is even smaller.\nProtecting Your Property from Mudslides\nHomeowner insurance doesn’t typically provide coverage for the damage caused by mudslides. They are considered a form of earth movement, which is why both mudslides and earthquakes are not included in general policies.\nMudflow is caused by water, which is why it will be covered partially by flood insurance. A Difference in Conditions policy will provide a much more comprehensive coverage for both landslides and mudslides (and earthquakes on top of that). If you live in a high risk area, getting additional insurance coverage may be the reasonable thing to do.\nWhenever a serious natural disaster strikes, however, dealing with insurance companies can be a challenging task. Processing time will increase. Some claims will be underpaid, others could be turned down altogether. Legal assistance in such situations will prove to be invaluable.\nLandslide and mudslide claims fall under the natural disaster category. Attorneys that specialize in wildfire and other post-catastrophe claims can handle mudslide and landslide compensation requests, as well.\nApart from addressing the insurance company, it’s also very important to determine whether any of the damage and the property losses have been the result of negligence. After mudslides and landsides, many residential and commercial property owners have turned their attention to construction companies, contractors and other professionals that may have done a subpar job. While proving irregularities isn’t the easiest job, it can lead to additional compensation for the losses.\nA good legal team can even go after utility companies like PG&E. There have been allegations of negligence and poor equipment maintenance that could have caused the October 2016 wildfires. As a result, the risk of landslides and mud slides has gone up.\nExperienced attorneys like the Kalfayan Merjanian legal team know what it takes to hold responsible parties accountable and what it takes to deal with an insurance agency. If you are feeling lost and stuck, please do not hesitate to contact us.\n- January 11, 2018", "label": "No"}
{"text": "DURATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF LIFETIME USE OF DAIRY COWS DEPENDENDING ON THEIR FATHER'S COUNTRY ORIGIN\nProductive longevity is a very important feature, which is determined by a combination of genotype factors in specific environments. It is known that in recent decades to improve of productive qualities of domestic dairy cattle, the Holstein breeders of different breeds are used. Such measures, although allowed to increase the milk productivity of cows significantly, however, led to reduction in the duration of their productive use. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to study the duration and effectiveness of lifetime use of dairy cows, depending on the country of origin of their father. The research was conducted on animals of Holstein (n = 2902), Ukrainian Black-and-White (n = 14876) and Ukrainian Red-and-White (n = 2176) breeding in various regions of Ukraine.\nIt was established that the controllable number of Holstein cows came from 116 bulls from five different countries. Cows originated from the bulls of Hungarian selection had the longest life and lactation. Cows that came from Canadian bulls had the best life-long yields and life-long number of milk fat. Cows from French bulls were characterized by the worst indicators of productive longevity. Among the descendants of the German bulls, the daughters of the following bulls: Lord 661287, Trend 2761400782690, Bg. Rodeo 27642626161 and Ingo 27677179331, American selection – daughters of B. Astronomer 2160438 and Bob Hubby 2109267, Canadian – daughters of Rock 373840409 and H. R. Artist 6284191, Hungarian – daughters of V.Vilmos 3101733688 and E.Samba 3035115974 and French – daughters of Brico 5794006324 had the best indicators of the duration and efficiency of lifelong use.\nThe studied population of cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed came from 167 bulls from eight countries. The largest number of daughters was obtained from domestic bulls (34.6%) and German (29.5%) selection. However, cows of Russian selection had the highest rates of longevity, productive use, lactation, the number of lactations per life, life expectancy and lifetime of milk fat. Daughter Valentina 373840175, Matadora 373840109, Piclenda 373880102 and Tigris 373880127 were lactured more than 4 lactations and had lifelong yield of over 25,000 kg, among the descendants of Russian bulls. Of the descendants of the domestic selection the daughters of the Abrykos 5806 lactated in an average of 6.2 lactation, and their lifetime yields were 38,401 kg. By the number of lactations per life and life-long yields of the daughters of the German bulls, the leader was Presbyter 27621490100, the American – Bob Hubby 2109267 and T. D. Fiasco 1709950, the Canadian – B. Goldgate 6387868 and B. Regensy 394223, the Netherlands – G. Tristan 3021652032 and Baneliai 243931215, Hungarian – E. Samba 3035115974 and P. Selvichar 3023006464.\nThe controlled population of cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed came from 69 bulls from five countries. More than 50% of cows of this breed are derived from bulls of German selection. However, the longest duration of productive use and the greatest lifelong yields had daughters of bulls from Canada and Ukrainian selection. Among the descendants of the domestic bulls, according to the indicators of lifetime productivity, the daughters of Khlor 2052 differ markedly. They lacted in average 7.7 lactations, and lifetime longevity was 41,000 kg. Among the descendants of Canadian bulls, the best of their productive use and their lifelong yields had daughters of V. Texel 393522, V.N.Dan 5510544 and Inhibitor 402151, German – Roman 660886883 and Tumpi 112367468, and American – Addikshn 17143107.\nThe influence of the father's country origin on the longevity, productive use, lactation and the number of lactations per life, depending on the breed and the indicator, was within the range of 1.4–17.1, on the indicators of lifetime productivity – within 1.5–9.7%, and the influence of the father on these indicators was, respectively, 9.9–19.9 and 11.4–29.3%.\n2. Pelekhatyi, M. S., M. S. Shypota, Z. O Volkivska, and T. V. Fedorenko. 1999. Vidtvoriuvalna zdatnist chorno-riabykh koriv riznoho pokhodzhennia i henotypiv v umovakh ukrainskoho Polissia – Reproductive capacity of Вlack-and-White cows of different origins and genotypes in the conditions of the Ukrainian Polissya – Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn. –Animal Breeding and Genetics. 31–32:180–182 (in Ukrainian).\n3. Hladii, M. V., Yu. P. Polupan, I. V. Bazyshyna, N. L. Polupan, and I. M. Bezrutchenko. 2014. Vplyv pokhodzhennia za batkom i liniinoi nalezhnosti na hospodarsky korysni oznaky koriv – Influence of origin by father and linear belonging on economic useful traits of cows. – Visnyk Sumskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. – Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. 7(26):3–11 (in Ukrainian).\n4. Lakyn, H. F. 1990. Byometryia: uchebnoe posobye [dlia byol. spets. vuzov] – Biometrics: a tutorial [for biol. specialist. Universities]. M. : Vуsshaia shkola, 352 (in Russian).\n5. Pilipenko, M. A. 2011. Vliyanie byikov-proizvoditeley na prodolzhitelnost hozyaystvennogo ispolzovaniya docherey – The influence of bulls on the duration of economic use of daughters – Agrarnyiy vestnik Urala – Agrarian herald of the Urals. 2(92):46–48 (in Russian).\n6. Polupan, Yu. P. 2010. Metodyka otsinky selektsiinoi efektyvnosti dovichnoho vykorystannia koriv molochnykh porid – Methods of assessing the efficiency of breeding lifetime use of dairy breeds of cows – Metodolohiia naukovykh doslidzhen z pytan selektsii, henetyky ta biotekhnolohii u tvarynnytstvi: materialy naukovo-teoretychnoi konferentsii (Chubynske, 25 liutoho 2010 roku) – Methodology of research on breeding, genetics and biotechnology in animal materials of scientific-theoretical conference (Chubinskoe, 25 February 2010). 93–95 (in Ukrainian).\n7. Telezhenko, E. V., and O. V. Smirnova. 2014. Opyit stran Severnoy Evropyi v selektsii molochnogo skota na povyishenie rentabelnosti proizvodstva – The experience of the Nordic countries in breeding dairy cattle for improving the profitability of production – Tvarinnitstvo sogodnі – Livestock Today. 2:28–32 (in Ukrainian).\n8. Khmel'nychyy, L. M., and V. V. Vechorka. 2016. Produktyvne dovholittya dochok buhayiv-plidnykiv ukrayins'koyi chorno-ryaboyi molochnoyi porody – Productive longevity daughters of sires Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed. – Rozvedennya i henetyka tvaryn. – Animal Breeding and Genetics. 52:134–144 (in Ukrainian).\n9. Chechenihina, O. S. 2014. Vliyanie byikov-proizvoditeley na produktivnoe dolgoletie docherey – Influence of stud bulls on daughters' productive longevity. – Agrarnyiy nauchnyiy zhurnal. – Agrarian science journal. 11:42–46 (in Russian).\n10. Albert, De Vries. 2013. Cow longevity economics: The cost benefit of keeping the cow in the herd. Cow Longevity Conference. 22–52 (in English).\n11. Dutch herds increase lifetime production and longevity: http://www.crv4all.com/dutch-herds-increase-lifetime-production-and-longevity (in English).\n12. Martens, H., and Chr. Bange. 2013. Longevity of high producing dairy cows: a case study. Lohmann Information. 48(1):53–57 (in English).\n13. Murray, B. 2013. Finding the fools to achieve longevity in Canadian dairy cows. WCDS Advances in Dairy Technology. 25:15–28 (in English).\nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In order to better understand the history and the caracteristics of the Amarone it is important to focus on the roots of its production: the drying of the grapes.\nThe drying of the grapes, Appassimento in Italian, is a very ancient wine making technique, still used today to make many dessert wines.\nUncertain are the reasons why such a particular wine making technique, which goes back to 3500 years ago, devoloped.\nIt was commonly believed that drying grapes helped in increasing sugar content of grapes that, due to the high production caused by Pergola (canopy) vine growing system, and by the colder climate of the past, was not enough to obtain a quality wine. There is some truth in this theory. Nevertheless very recent researches on the DNA of Corvina grape, the most important grape varietals in the blend that constitues all Valpolicella wines, discovered that stress caused by the dehydration, activates portions of the genes in Corvina that do not activate in other grape varietals, devoloping unique flavours and aromas in the resulting wine. This is the proof of how Valpolicella grapes evolved adapting not only to a very specific territory, but also to the traditional wine making techniques that develped in that territory.\nThe Drying Process\nAll the bunches, harvested between September and October, selected for the production of the Amarone have to dry for four months. In order to avoid mould and rotting during the drying process, bunches have to be perfectly healty, without any bruise and berries loosely packed to allow internal air circulation. All these elements must be taken into consideration when selcting grapes during harvest which is strictly done by hand, and therefore requires experienced staff.\nAfter the first selection, bunches have to be laid on a single layer and all in the same direction on river reeds racks, wood or plastic boxes. Like for many other traditional and manual activities, also for the slection of the Amarone grapes, people willing to learn and continue the tradition, often women, are becoming fewer and fewer.\nEspecially during the first few weeks of drying, when bunches are still full of water and outside temperature is still high, it is important to check grapes every day, removing berries or bunches that develop mould.\nFew wineries are still using the traditional racks made of water reeds or bamboo, piled one on top of the other in old garrets once used also for the silkworm breeding. Water reeds have a better humidity absorption and with their round shape offer a smaller surface contact to grape berries increasing air circulation. Others producers prefer to use modern wooden or plastic boxes, which can be filled directly in the vineyards, avoiding the excessive handling of grapes.\nBoxes or racks are stored in loft above wineries or in specifically build houses called fruttaio, where they rest until January or February. Many wineries use still a totally natural drying system, leaving open the windows in lofts so that the wind can help the drying process. Others use temperature and humidity controlled rooms. The perfume in the drying rooms between September and January is something that is simply to hard to describe and must be experienced with a tour in an Amarone winery. Autumn is the best period of the year for a wine tour in Valpolicella.\nValpolicella Wine Tours\nThe best time of the year to visit Valpolicella with one of our wine tours is Autumn, around the end of September, begninning of October. Not only you will have the chance to experience the hectic atmoshpeare of the harvest, but it will be also possible to visit the fruttaio, the loft where the grapes for the production of Amarone are dried with the Appassimento technique. No words can describe the wonderful perfume of drying grapes.\nFor further information about our wine tours in Valpolicella you can send us an e-mail at email@example.com or call +39 389 983 5269.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The international history of the Brothers\nWhen John Baptist de La Salle founded the Brothers in France in 1679, he had only a handful of men to help him. At the time of his death in 1719 there were 100 Brothers in 22 schools, teaching 5000 students throughout France. Today over 5,000 Brothers and many thousands of lay partners continue in the De La Salle tradition. They minister to more than 900,000 students in universities, schools and other educational and welfare institutions in over 80 countries around the world.\nThe Brothers history in Australasia\nTwelve De La Salle Brothers from Ireland and France arrived in Sydney on 6th January 1906. Within a month they opened De La Salle College Armidale, in country New South Wales. The French Brothers had difficulty adjusting to the Australian culture and left just three months later. Fortunately in 1909, six other Irishmen volunteered for the Australian mission. From Armidale the Brothers expanded throughout Australia and to New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. In 1946, the Brothers opened a Teachers’ Training College in Papua New Guinea, followed by a number of primary and secondary schools. The first two Lasallian schools in New Zealand began in 1953. Currently, New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia all have Lasallian schools. In 2012, Pakistan officially became part of the Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea District. In Pakistan the Brothers care for and educate some of the poorest young people in the country.\nWhere are the Brothers now?\nFrom their beginnings in Armidale in 1906, the Brothers now work in 20 different locations across three countries. The Brothers Lasallian Mission in Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan and Papua New Guinea encompass twenty-six schools, involving more than 800 co-workers in touch with more than 10,000 young people.\nIn addition the Brothers are also responsible for the welfare work of BoysTown, Australia’s largest children’s charity which founded the Kids Help Line and other initiatives, and the Lasallian Foundation which funds projects for disadvantaged youth across Asia-Pacific. As recently as 2005, the Lasallian Foundation was established to fund developmental and emergency relief projects in the Asia Pacific Region.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What makes us who we are?\nIt is a clumsy sentence, but I recently asked my students that question because it makes up the claim for their persuasive essay. While it is a graded assignment for them, it is a complex question for me (and for anybody, really). I think there are a lot of answers to this question, but complete responses can really be found in the pages of just about every poem or book we read.\nI mean, think about it, in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, the monster learns that life is loneliness and ostracism without friendship and love; so, we could conclude that humans need those things to prosper. Dr. Frankenstein loses his wife, his friends, and his family all due to spontaneous shunning, and, of course, the monster reacts badly. Love and friendship, in this instance, are crucial to our existence.\nWe can learn that from an author.\nWe have to reflect as individuals to find answers to complex problems (metacognition), because if we just blunder forward into the future, we will never know what works and what does not; thus, we are doomed to repeat ourselves over and over again. Also, we have to look at ourselves in the mirror every morning to see the person we have become, so that we can either stay the course, or change the stream.\nWhat authors tell us about spirituality\nIn Banana Yoshimoto’s short story “Newlywed,” found in her collection Lizard, we learn about a young man on a subway transit who refuses to go home to his wife because he is conflicted about a lot of things in his new life. While aboard the bus (and confused), he encounters an old man who morphs into a beautiful woman. This woman, perhaps a reflection of some deep spiritual divisiveness, helps him come to grips with his life.\nAt the end of the story, the young man realizes that though he is spiritually perplexed, he can continue with his life. Essentially, as it relates to this musing, this epiphany happens to many of us in life, because existence is complicated and often we feel as though we have made the wrong choice, whether that be due to regretful marriages, our treatment of other humans, or the various other reasons we might wake from a dead sleep in the middle of the night.\nWhat authors tell us about our morality\nIn Frank O’Connor’s “First Confession,” we see a young boy afraid of the punishment ahead of him after acting violently toward his family. His actions are in response to the death of his grandfather and because his grandmother now lives with them. While very much a story about Catholic guilt, “First Confession” wrestles deeply with morality and ethics opposed to Yoshimoto’s spirituality in “Newlywed,” which asks us to question our own goodness outside of spiritual necessity. That is to say, if even in the eyes of God the sinners should be treated kindly, what does that make of our belief in justice and punishment?\nThrough both works we see that spirituality and morality live in a kind of conjoined stasis. We must have one in order to support the other. Most, if not all, of morality in our society has some amount of hypocrisy tied to it because we live in an unfair and unjust world that is both painful and hard to deal with (our choices and our epiphanies see to that); but our spirituality and understanding of ourselves drive our decision-making process, which means we will either do good things or bad things—or neither.\nPutting the two together\nLastly, in Kay Ryan’s “The Fabric of Life,” the author shows the reader that the complexity of life is challenging through a playful poem, and that, yes, we are “loath to continue” slogging through the pain and failure that we have to constantly endure. Through this we can say that the spiritual and moral side of life are the “bee stings” that hurt us, but when we make connections after the fact, our humanity shines through.\nHere is the poem:\nIt is very stretchy.\nWe know that, even if\nmany details remain\nsketchy. It is complexly\nwoven. That much too\nhas pretty well been\nproven. We are loath\nto continue our lessons\nwhich consist of slaps\nas sharp and dispersed\nas bee stings from\na smashed nest\nwhen any strand snaps—\nhurts working far past\nthe locus of rupture,\nfar beyond anything\nwe would have said\n(Kay Ryan | The Fabric of Life)\nHumans are complex beasts, but we can take it in stride, considering the density of our choices and our feelings about those choices. In this way, authors help us see ourselves for what we are—humans stuck in an intricate web of spiritual chaos and moral uncertainty trying to make connections to solve those problems. So maybe if we read enough and learn enough about what other’s think (such as authors), we can easily make sense of that confusion when it infects our lives.\nO’Connor, Frank. “Traverller’s Samples.” Macmillan, 1951.\nRyan, Kay. “THE FABRIC OF LIFE by Kay Ryan | Poetry Magazine.” Poetry Magazine, 4 Sept. 2021, poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/poems/40887/the-fabric-of-life.\nYoshimoto, Banana. “Lizard.” Shinchosha, 1993.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Many calculation made by cosmologists about the universe start with the assumption that it is uniform and is not stretched or distorted. If this assumption turned out to be false, then all such calculations would be invalidated, so is it true?\nThe idea that it is uniform does not appear to be correct when you consider just how clumpy it appears to be, for example planets orbiting stars and then lots of empty space between stars. Scale up, and you have stars bunched up into galaxies and lots of space between galaxies, but keep scaling up and you reach a point at which the distribution of matter is more or less uniform. This is known as the cosmological principle.\nHow can you make such a principle?\nOK, so think of it this way, since the forces are expected to act uniformly throughout the universe, then we should not find irregularities. Well yes, obviously Earth is not the same as the Sun and obviously the Sun is not the same as a black hole, so clearly at that scale it is not uniform. The universe itself is more akin to foam with clusters of galaxies and voids, but none of that defies basic physics and so the observation is that it is all more or less the same in every direction and there are no weird bumps in the large scale distribution of matter.\nIs this testable?\nWell basically yes.\nIf true then no matter where you are in the universe it should look the same and obviously no matter what direction you look, it should look the same.\nIs this a new Idea?\nNope, Newton first wrote this down within The Principia (or to give it it’s full name, Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687)) when he articulated the idea that gravitation was universal and applied to all the planets and stars …\n“the light of the fixed stars is of the same nature with the light of the Sun, … and lest the systems of the fixed stars should, by their gravity, fall on each other, [God] hath placed those systems at immense distances from one another”\nOK, so why are you writing about it now?\nThe basic idea has been coming under stress, for example observations of large scale structures in the universe, so asking if it is really true is wholly appropriate.\nThe latest news is that scientists from University College London and Imperial College London tested the basic idea by examining the cosmic microwave background (CMB) maps to see if they could find any patterns that conflicted with the idea that the universe was indeed Uniform. The Imperial college article on the study explains …\nThe maps were produced using measurements of the CMB taken between 2009 and 2013 by the European Space Agency’s Planck satellite, providing a picture of the intensity and, for the first time, polarisation (in essence, the orientation) of the CMB across the whole sky.\nPreviously, scientists had looked for patterns in the CMB map that might hint at a rotating universe. The new study considered the widest possible range of universes with preferred directions or spins and determined what patterns these would create in the CMB.\nA universe spinning about an axis, for example, would create spiral patterns, whereas a universe expanding at different speeds along different axes would create elongated hot and cold spots\nDr Stephen Feeney, from the Department of Physics at Imperial, worked with a team led by Daniela Saadeh at University College London to search for these patterns in the observed CMB. The results, published today in the journal Physical Review Letters, show that none were a match, and that the universe is most likely directionless.\nIf they had discovered that the cosmological principle was wrong, then that would have been huge and would have rippled out into so much that assumes it is true.\nDr Stephen Feeney, from the Department of Physics at Imperial …\n“This work is important because it tests one of the fundamental assumptions on which almost all cosmological calculations are based: that the universe is the same in every direction. If this assumption is wrong, and our universe spins or stretches in one direction more than another, we’d have to rethink our basic picture of the universe.\nWe have put this assumption to its most exacting examination yet, testing for a huge variety of spinning and stretching universes that have never been considered before. When we compare these predictions to the Planck satellite’s latest measurements, we find overwhelming evidence that the universe is the same in all directions”\nLead author Daniela Saadeh from University College London …\n“You can never rule it out completely, but we now calculate the odds that the universe prefers one direction over another at just 1 in 121,000. We’re very glad that our work vindicates what most cosmologists assume. For now, cosmology is safe.”\nThe paper in Physical Review Letters – How Isotropic is the Universe? (Sorry folks, paywall there)\nA fundamental assumption in the standard model of cosmology is that the Universe is isotropic on large scales. Breaking this assumption leads to a set of solutions to Einstein’s field equations, known as Bianchi cosmologies, only a subset of which have ever been tested against data. For the first time, we consider all degrees of freedom in these solutions to conduct a general test of isotropy using cosmic microwave background temperature and polarization data from Planck. For the vector mode (associated with vorticity), we obtain a limit on the anisotropic expansion of (σV/H)0<4.7×10−11(95% C.L.), which is an order of magnitude tighter than previous Planck results that used cosmic microwave background temperature only. We also place upper limits on other modes of anisotropic expansion, with the weakest limit arising from the regular tensor mode, (σT,reg/H)0<1.0×10−6(95% C.L.). Including all degrees of freedom simultaneously for the first time, anisotropic expansion of the Universe is strongly disfavored, with odds of 121 000:1 against.", "label": "No"}