Decoding Encrypted Radio Transmissions
FPV transmission solely for yourself falls a bit out of that boat. De-aggregation of MAC Service Data Units (A-MSDUs) is supported on the 3000 Series, 7220, and the M3 controllers with a maximum frame transmission size of 4k bytes; however, this feature is always enabled and is not configurable. The radio channel is quite different from the wired channel. The purpose of this page is to gather information about agencies that encrypt their general dispatch and common public safety operations. can decode it. The present invention relates to a method for the radio transmission of traffic messages and a radio receiver for receiving traffic messages. The House Commerce Committee also voted to make it a crime to sell electronic gadgets that can "decode encrypted radio transmissions for the purposes of. Make sure to check out my follow-up guide , where I go over broadcasting signals from a Raspberry Pi in the radio spectrum by simply adding a piece of wire. It is several years old, and was superseded by the 7000 or is encrypted. Wireless Communication Final StudyGuide (Part I) Which of the following is true about wireless radio signal transmissions? allowing only the recipient to. The largest array of platforms. READ MORE. Each BTS is controlled by BSC (Base Station Controller): the GSM network comprise some BSC witch each one control many BTS. Most of these messages are distress signals from. There are also a few encrypted digital radio systems and systems that do not comply with national standards that cannot be monitored on any radio scanner. Navy radio call signs assigned by the Chief of Naval Operations. Thanks to the spectrum inversion encryption method, any risk of non authorized interception of the transmitted informations is virtually eliminated. And I show you why I'm done with it. Currently, encryption is one of the most popular and effective data security methods used by organizations. 25 kHz channel spectrum efficiency. The protocol and format is not encrypted and can be received by everyone. I identify the Auriga as being encrypted, it might be but as nobody on the team. AOR has created an APCO25 digital decoder for use with receivers that have a 10. The Encoder and Decoder The encoder and decoder are the brains of the system. a) Four -Weighted Fractional Fourier Transform (4-WFRFT) associated with a row of the parity-check matrix H. The various methods of TV transmission. The only way possible to hear an encrypted communication is with a properly programmed System Radio programmed with the encryption keys. The Data Encryption Standard (DES), is the name of the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 46-3, which describes the data encryption algorithm (DEA). The encoder detects the button presses or switch closures then formats them into a digital data stream and sends the data to the transmitter. Encrypted Transmissions. When used over radio frequency, the. Also Explore the Seminar Topics Paper on GSM Security And Encryption with Abstract or Synopsis, Documentation on Advantages and Disadvantages, Base Paper Presentation Slides for IEEE Final Year Computer Science Engineering or CSE Students for the year 2015 2016. The companies core expertise is leading-edge, IP- based communication technology for audio products. So again, the two functions are called: Xtea_decrypt(hopping, key1) : This function performs the actual decode The decrypted data is now in the hopcode buffer. decode encrypted. Before digital speech encryption became widely available, an analogue technique was used to protect voice transmissions. Offering safe, reliable communications, the Hytera PD712IS handheld digital radio has been designed to comply with the highest 'ia' standards making this the ideal communication solution for working environments that require intrinsically-safe devices. RTTY or Radio TeleTYpe is very popular and transmitted at various speeds by amateur and commercial stations. Trunking systems let a large group of 2-way radio users (or even different groups of 2-way radio users) efficiently use a set of frequencies. 85 MHz, etc) without intermediate processing by ground stations. POL ARQ & SWEDISH ARQ usually contain diplomatic messages, some in plain language, some encrypted - these again are usually easy to decode - the content may not be!. An analog wave form (or signal) is characterized by being continuously variable. The memory device also includes a counter circuitry coupled to the decode logic circuitry that generates a counter value based on the decoded address. House Reps Ban Wireless Decoding. Please note that these scanners can still hear transmissions when placed in conventional mode - it will just be harder to follow conversations and weed out unwanted messages from other system users. One of the many Easter eggs hidden inside Portal 2 was the Ratman's dens. Working with the IC-R75 and IC-R20 - Handy Radio Software Posted on January 26, 2013 by lui_gough One of the perks of owning an IC-R75 "conventional" HF and IC-R20 handheld wide-band communications receivers is the ability for computer control. The interference was such that on. 4 Network Architecture. OK I understand it doesn't do encryption but it does appear to decode unencrypted digital tetra transmissions which is a new one on me as I never knew this was possible. 4 GHz frequency band. The transmission bits rate is 2Mbits/s between BTS and BSC. Start studying Ch. Analog and 2. Tool to decrypt/encrypt with ADFGVX. It involves three main subsystems, each containing functional units and interconnected with the others through a series of standard interfaces. 5 million, taxpayer-funded public safety radio project will go live in coming months. This radio looks similar to the AnyTone. Please see the DTR600 and DTR700. A brute-force attack to guess the key using current supercomputers would take several. MULTI-DIGITAL VOICE DECODER ARD300 is a digital voice decoder to be connected to a radio receiver’s I. The Link Layer (LL) protocol manages the Bluetooth low energy radio transmissions and is involved in starting link encryption. The largest array of platforms. Sometimes it is possible to tune in a RTTY signal perfectly, but still get jibberish, this is when the signal is encrypted. Has anyone tried this, I'm guessing most transmissions are encrypted but expect there to be quite a few that aren't?. 256-bit encryption is a data/file encryption technique that uses a 256-bit key to encrypt and decrypt data or files. This APCO P25 Decoder Plug-in makes it possible to receive and listen to digital APCO P25 channels on WiNRADiO WR-G315 Series receivers. Don Schimmel's Radio Intrigue. FCC Considering Proposal For Encrypted Ham Radio 371 Posted by timothy on Wednesday June 26, 2013 @09:26AM from the technocrat-perspective dept. • Not P25 Compliant • Compatible with ARC4 encryption in other radios. Radio Encryption Background. “Our reasons (are) to provide an updated radio system, protect the public’s privacy, and protect our officers as they work day in and day out to provide a service for the city of Manchester. Scanners such as the APCO 25 model in development by Uniden do not facilitate the decoding of any encrypted transmissions including transmissions by national security and law enforcement authorities such as the CIA, DEA and U. Reed-Solomon Encoder and Decoder are commonly used in data transmission and storage applications, such as broadcast equipment, wireless LANs, cable modems, xDSL, satellite communications, microwave networks, and digital TV. Monitoring AERO transmissions with MULTIPSK How to decode AERO transmissions with Multipsk (V. Analog voltages representing voice signals are produced by an electro-acoustical de-vice such as a microphone in a telephone set. When you receive an encrypted call, your radio unmutes and you can hear clear speech if the received call is encrypted with a key that matches a key stored in your radio. The ALE HF radio addressed in this section was recognized at publication time as being used in the field but not necessarily representative of all the ALE HF systems. The difference between basic and encryption is the level of security offered. In the Aeris CDMA network, the network transmission of data is very secure. Note: these are also technically not ‘encryption’ but rather a scrambling and unscrambling of your transmission as per an assigned ‘key code. Most of these messages are distress signals from. 0 Aux Module Audio Receiver. It doesn't matter how you encode the signal if you publish the method to decode it. No user commented in " Security researchers crack APCO P25 encryption ". Did you not even read the title of this story, "Police Encrypt Radios To Tune Out Public"? What good are the recordings of encrypted comms? I'm obviously talking about publishing the unencrypted content. T he BSC is responsible of all functions related to radio transmission like handover, resource. Digital technology is expensive so unfortunately there is no low-end/low-cost digital scanner model. 45 notes &. Two main types of data encryption exist - asymmetric encryption, also known as public-key encryption, and symmetric encryption. next steps would be decode the data for the. The encrypted test data will be input to the Android aircraft-tracking display software. The satellite televisions first hit the market in the early 1990's. You can't encrypt FPV because you are using a HAM radio license to operate the equipment. Any other HAM radio operators noticed this?. Now to Sitor B (Simplex Teletype Over Radio Mode B), another non-voice mode we can use to decode WLO transmissions. Two main types of data encryption exist - asymmetric encryption, also known as public-key encryption, and symmetric encryption. I identify the Auriga as being encrypted, it might be but as nobody on the team. So essentially they are encrypted but its more like trying to listen to a nextel radio or digital phone signal on an analog scanner. Several software decoding packages will be discussed later to help you get started with these modes. Having the support of a solid transport layer is a good start, but is the notion of an attacker intercepting and decoding our data transmissions the only threat? In many respects the most serious threat users should be concerned about is the potential for disruption of the radio communication, as it is not only possible but relatively easy. Are there any police radio scanners or computer programs out there that can de-crypt an encrypted digital transmission? The FCC certainly wouldn't allow that to sell in the US, but maybe you could buy something like that from a foreign county? I know digital can be heard with a proper scanner but not encryption. Network LinkBox Provides bidirectional IP data link encoding, transmission, and reception while serving as an Ethernet switch and payload controller onboard the aircraft. 9: EMS system communications. KSM Encryption/ Decryption Exercise 4/26 and 5/3 KSM, a licensed commercial station using vintage equipment and antennas at historic KPH on Pt. I wrote a while back about some of the things you cannot do on amateur radio. the p25 is the encoding scheme used. In this guide I will explain how to build an inexpensive SDR (software defined radio) that can be used to receive police, fire, taxi, and other digital radio transmissions. This is assuming it is not encrypted. If you wanted to send someone a secret message, you could use the ring to encode your message and send the encrypted message to your friend. Optionally DTMF decoding is also available. As it was going overhead, I managed to record what I believe to be 1200 baud AFSK transmissions from it (AX. Data is then formatted into bursts, with the required timing and training sequences and sent to the BBC through a dedicated serial port. The key is entered into both the encoder and decoder, this key then forms part of the encryption of the digital TV signal and any receiver with BISS-support with the correct key will decrypt. Adaptive decoding system for processing encrypted and non-encrypted broadcast, cable or satellite video data Abstract. I think you need to learn the difference between encoding and encryption, analogue and digital transmissions and the multiple layers of the stack you are looking at. RE: The Easy Days of Scanning are Gone: JOHNZ; To answer your question about encryption sequence, it is the code used to program the digital encryption program the radios use to keep their transmissions secret. Software-Defined Radio Decoder. design a radio packet capture device and related software named Z-Force to intercept Z-Wave communications. This allows system security administrators to efficiently and securely redistribute encryption keys on systems with. Beosat LM allowed you to receive 99 TV and radio programmes from 40 000km in space. An encryption algorithm or cipher "codes" the information to such a degree that it becomes extremely difficult to listen to radio transmissions without authorization, the proper decoding equipment, and the correct key. Make sure to check out my follow-up guide , where I go over broadcasting signals from a Raspberry Pi in the radio spectrum by simply adding a piece of wire. The TK-2170/3170 internal VOX (voice-operated transmission) circuitry provides automatic PTT and a 10-level sensitivity adjustment for different ambient noise levels. To keep messages from being understood by the enemy required encryption. This is just a new angle of attack against amateurs using their equipment to pass email over HF. If you can’t run fldigi, give Sorcerer a try. Edward Snowden Thinks Alien Transmissions Might Be Hidden by Encryption if they are properly encrypted, radio, and illustration. More information about P25 Phase 2 (P25) Phase 2 refers to P25 requirements and standards for a digital Common Air Interface (CAI), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) based, which provides one voice channel per 6. Surprisingly, radio technologies used for geolocation and tracking of aircraft are quite classic and easy to listen/decode, still nowadays. After upgrading its citywide radio system, the department decided to encrypt its transmissions, making it impossible for citizens to listen to Manchester police broadcasts on scanners or. Jason Holland either the interception and divulgence of radio transmissions that are. WLO transmits weather information via Sitor B immediately after RTTY transmissions, switching back and forth, which makes for even more fun!. The only prohibition that I found in the Act pertained to intercepting encrypted subscription services. By synchronous we mean that is has start and stop bits in addition to the 5 data bit. multiplexed 16 kbps channels) format. Many public safety radio systems today are digital and designed in. I wouldn't know. It's intended purpose is for experimentation and amateur ham radio usage. Sometimes it is possible to tune in a RTTY signal perfectly, but still get jibberish, this is when the signal is encrypted. as having communicated with DGI via shortwave encrypted transmissions from Cuba. V-scanner technology saves complete radio configurations within the radio, for recall into main memory as needed in the field. If people would do a bit of research, they'd see that. At times, the term encoding is confused with encryption. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. 7 MHz IF output. Proving intent to obscure is another issue. Radio Check Check if another radio is active on a system without notifying the user Decode Only Yes Digital Telephone Patch Ability to connect to telephone system (requires additional hardware) No YesOption Transmit Interrupt Encode Radio can interrupt transmissions fromother radios Decode OnlyYesOption. Each of the characters represents a specific piece of information. RX1 and RX2 are FM receivers and decode AFSK 1200 bps AX. 5 Mbps), E1. looking for resources/info to "decrypt" ~~police scanners~~ encrypted radio's I live in a town where no information is relayed to the local population even freedom of information acts seem to be bypassed. This allows system security administrators to efficiently and securely redistribute encryption keys on systems with. Decoding software. (See squelch. The Machine's "voice," individual words taken from recorded conversations and strung together, was inspired by recordings of numbers stations. 5 MHz to 30 MHz. The largest array of platforms. used in VHF radio transmissions. Ham radio is a hobby for many and while it requires a license to transmit anyone can listen. However almost all P25 compliant radios have an encryption option (the department must pay for the add on) which allows with a push of a button to have the digital stream encrypted. Use the buttons on the left, check the index of burst encoders, or click any of the thumbnails below for more information on a particular device. This application note describes a KEELOQ® with XTEA encryption algorithm code hopping decoder implemented on a Microchip Mid-range Enhanced Flash MCU (PIC16F886). Demodulated audio can be passed to older DSD+ versions (and other programs) via VAC or VBC. After the video is compressed, the provider encrypts it to keep people from accessing it for free. OpenPoc is a Cross-Platform POCSAG-Decoder written in FreePascal/Lazarus. Monitoring AERO transmissions with MULTIPSK How to decode AERO transmissions with Multipsk (V. course: decrypting, decoding, deciphering, or descramblinq. 512 memory channels, 128 zones. First of all, amateurs are forbidden from broadcasting: that is, amateurs are prohibited from making transmissions of content transmitted with the intention that it be heard by the general public, either directly or indirectly. When I started this hobby it was mostly about voice transmissions and trying to get radio stations from overseas. (FLASH SALE) US $14. We will see that although the de-tails vary, basic ideas about information and communication apply to all forms of transmission. It involves three main subsystems, each containing functional units and interconnected with the others through a series of standard interfaces. On 27 September 2006, amateur radio transmissions in the 30 m band were affected by an English-language S06 "Russian Man" numbers station at 17:40 UTC. The code we provide is the original code for the radio supplied when the vehicle was first manufactured. Strange Airwaves: Mysterious and Spooky Unexplained Radio Broadcasts radio transmission is an enigmatic and very persistent broadcast from Russia that has come to. Of course, if someone really wants to be secretive and violate US amateur radio Part 97 rules by encrypting their transmissions or not identifying, that is a possibility. This APCO P25 Decoder Plug-in makes it possible to receive and listen to digital APCO P25 phase 1 channels on WiNRADiO WR-G305 Series receivers. The interference was such that on. Please sign up to review new features, functionality and page designs. Public key encryption is the. To accommodate this, the initial research was performed using a USRP B210 Software Defined Radio, coupled with a custom GNU Radio block designed to decode all of the possible packet configurations. With the one time pad, purely random numbers are used. POL ARQ & SWEDISH ARQ usually contain diplomatic messages, some in plain language, some encrypted - these again are usually easy to decode - the content may not be!. HF and VHF-UHF Monitoring System is designed and integrated for the purpose of passive interception, logging and analysis of target HF or VHF/UHF radio links operating in frequency range from 1. The scrambling is the easy part. “The Asheville Police Department does not currently have any encrypted radio channels to decode. AIS (Automatic Identification System) Decoding. If I make a black box to decode the transmissions and create some sort of artificial scarcity (i. Encryption scrambles the digital data in such a way that it can only be decrypted (converted back into usable data) if the receiver has the correct decryption algorithm and security keys. The interference was such that on. The Police Departs have just about all gone over to the new 700 mhz AES encrypted truncated voice transmission. (Encoding and decoding are used in data communications, networking, and storage. The GX4000-received RF signal cannot be demodulated or decoded by a non-Fujitsu radio, as the GX4000 uses a Fujitsu-patented framing process. wThe bit stream is received by the decoder of the receive terminal which converts it back to a speech-like waveform. Transmitting Data Long-Distance With Morse Code ok to use public/private key encryption in ham radio to prove identy. Being sound an inherently local-area physical media, keys can. To keep messages from being understood by the enemy required encryption. While I won't point to any specifics, there are no cost and low cost capability available on the internet to decode these transmissions. Software-Defined Radio Decoder. 4 Network Architecture. It is sad to say but I feel that radio scanning as a hobby will soon be dead. We hope that all hams choose to play it straight and follow the rules, in which case anything that you say over the air can be picked up. Encryption of public airwaves by the government is a highly debated issued in the US & most states have some form of encryption. Please do not add agencies that encrypt tactical or other sensitive communications - this page is to only list agencies that encrypt general dispatch operations (police, fire, ems dispatch ops). Surprisingly, radio technologies used for geolocation and tracking of aircraft are quite classic and easy to listen/decode, still nowadays. These include: • Telephone conversations (cellular, cordless, or other means of private telephone signal transmission) • Paging transmissions • Any intentionally decoded scrambled or encrypted transmissions. the entire radio system. The problem is that if I'm looking for new stuff I sometimes come across a data signal and I wanted to be able to load that frequency in an SDR and have the SDR software do analysis on it to see what type of digital data it is. SkyHopper PRO V delivers long range and Non-Line of Sight (N-LOS) communication that supports multiple transmission modes. Compression is not encryption. This part of the website describes a number of solutions that were developed for high-speed burst transmission of messages. 825MHz Packet Radio downlink. This type of cipher is somewhat flexible in the sense that it may vary the encryption as the text is being processed. OK I understand it doesn't do encryption but it does appear to decode unencrypted digital tetra transmissions which is a new one on me as I never knew this was possible. What makes radio transmission possible. cellular telephone transmissions and the decoding of scrambled transmissions. Decoding of encrypted private-line (PL) signals occur here. We then present the. The IC-F5013/H series has 8 channels. Working with the IC-R75 and IC-R20 – Handy Radio Software Posted on January 26, 2013 by lui_gough One of the perks of owning an IC-R75 “conventional” HF and IC-R20 handheld wide-band communications receivers is the ability for computer control. You can pick up transmissions, decode. RF / IR Encoder / Decoder Chipset RF Eval2 Board, (SA123) RF600E RF600D Transmitter Encoder RF600E Operational Description The RF600E is a simple device to use. encryption Every transmission made by a amateur-radio station must done as such the regulator must be able to decode the encrypted voice. The AN/PRC-150 I radio, refer to Figure 3-1, provides units with state of the art HF radio capabilities in support of fast moving, wide area operations. TETRA - TErrestrial Trunked Radio Emma S odersrtr om April 18, 2016 1 Introduction TETRA, TErrestial Trunked Radio, is a digital land mobile radio standard developed by ETSI (The European Telecommunications Standards Insti-tute) with the primary function to ful l the needs that Professional Mobile. Strange Airwaves: Mysterious and Spooky Unexplained Radio Broadcasts radio transmission is an enigmatic and very persistent broadcast from Russia that has come to. This may be required for some covert operations or for the police services. Index of burst encoders. Now to Sitor B (Simplex Teletype Over Radio Mode B), another non-voice mode we can use to decode WLO transmissions. The Inmarsat “ClassicAero” channel P service consists of the transmission of downlink messages from geostationary satellites (Inmarsat 3F1, 3F2, 3F3, 3F4, 4F1 and 4AF4) to airliners in transcontinental flight. On the flip side, be aware that using this tutorial and feeding the audio to Radio Reference and Broadcastify may not make agencies happy. Project 25 Explained. Whie searching for a decoder for a particular mode (that is only commercially available so it seems) I came across this decoding software and decided to give it a try. 2 Analog and Digital Transmission Subscriber loops carry two basic types of telecommunications traffic: voice and data. The structure of a GSM network relies on several functional entities, which have been specified in terms of functions and interfaces. 7 MHz IF output! It's true! Now you can receive standard (unencrypted) APCO Project 25 digital signals using an ordinary analog receiver that has a 10. Do not open your scanner’s case to make any modifications that could allow it to pick up transmissions that are illegal to. 25 data pack-ets. com offers 86 video encrypted transmitter products. The difference between basic and encryption is the level of security offered. Support format: For FLAC WAV WMA MP3 APE. They were running on line 157 337 north to south. Marconi and the First Wireless Transmissions Radio Frequency (RF) and wireless have been around for over a century with Alexander Popov and Sir Oliver Lodge laying the groundwork for Guglielmo Marconi’s wireless radio developments in the early 20th century. The detailed process differs with the types of RNTIs, but generally speaking all of these RNTI is used to scramble the CRC part of the radio channel messages. As shown in the typical application circuits, it requires only the addition of input switches and RF circuitry for use as the transmitter in the end application. House Reps Ban Wireless Decoding. Quantum Encryption Messages You Can Only Read In One Location A conventional wireless transmission is then used to send the "key" needed to make sense of the quantum data and establish a. How Encryption Works by Jeff Tyson The incredible growth of the Internet has excited businesses and consumers alike with its promise of changing the way we live and work. wireless channels channel coding convolutional codes cryptography multimedia communication radio networks telecommunication security Viterbi decoding Viterbi decoder hardware-efficient encryption multimedia data distribution multimedia data retrieval wireless network secure transmission Rijndael advance encryption standard AES algorithm. Surprisingly, radio technologies used for geolocation and tracking of aircraft are quite classic and easy to listen/decode, still nowadays. Decoding a nice weather map can be quite rewarding. Back to Back Kit. Offering safe, reliable communications, the Hytera PD792IS handheld digital radio with screen and full keypad has been designed to comply with the highest 'ia' standards making this the ideal communication solution for working environments that require advanced, intrinsically-safe devices. The advent of mobile apps and websites that allow more people than ever to listen to police radio chatter is prompting local law. In Season 5, it's revealed that Samaritan is communicating with its operatives via Fake Static in radio transmissions, forming an encrypted morse code. Encryption can help ensure that data doesn’t get read by the wrong people, but can also ensure that data isn’t altered in transit, and verify the identity of the sender. scramble, encrypt. The latest Tweets from Guido (@DecodeSignals). Owner's Manual: Hytera PD362i Digital Portable Radio Owners Manual. on a normal analog receiver, the digital transmission is just a buzz which is what you hear. If I make a black box to decode the transmissions and create some sort of artificial scarcity (i. Decoding is the opposite process -- the conversion of an encoded format back into the original sequence of characters. This algorithm is controlled by an encryption key. High-throughput is disabled on a BSSID if the encryption mode is standalone TKIP or WEP. Ham, also known as armature radio, spans many frequencies but with a low-cost SDR receiver it is possible to listen as none of the transmissions are encrypted. Feb 22, 2015 · Police radio to go silent as Toronto cops move toward encrypted communications about how police radio encryption will change news. radiation pattern of the antennas, and GX4000 impulse radio technology, there is essentially no chance of decoding or descrambling the IR signal. Decoder Equipment A satellite receiving dish and decoder is installed at each client's premises. HF and VHF-UHF Monitoring System is designed and integrated for the purpose of passive interception, logging and analysis of target HF or VHF/UHF radio links operating in frequency range from 1. ADFGVX is a German encryption system unsing a 6x6 square grid and letters A,D,F,G,V,X and then this ciphertext get a permutation of its letters (transposition). Are there any police radio scanners or computer programs out there that can de-crypt an encrypted digital transmission? The FCC certainly wouldn't allow that to sell in the US, but maybe you could buy something like that from a foreign county? I know digital can be heard with a proper scanner but not encryption. Sending the key in this manner preserves security while avoiding the need for a hardwire connection. We set up a small Lab and did a bit of testing to show you what can be done and created a few short video examples. As the encryption sync. Air Encryption = 1 means that there has been a license for encryption applied to the network as a whole. DEA is an improvement of the algorithm Lucifer developed by IBM in the early 1970s. Encryption keys will need to be exchanged through some key management protocol outside of the T. -It extracts the individual channels from the larger satellite signal. Encryption circuit 134 acts as the encryption means during radio transmissions and as the decryption means when radio 100 is receiving encrypted messages. When an address match occurs the RF600D asserts its 4 digital outputs. What happens when an encrypted transmission is received by the SDS's? illegal for a radio to receive encrypted transmissions nor. Aggregation is not. Beosat LM could be expanded at a later date with a Power Positioner module which allowed control of motorised dishes. Also, numerous types of encoding schemes are used in radio communications. Encryption can help ensure that data doesn’t get read by the wrong people, but can also ensure that data isn’t altered in transit, and verify the identity of the sender. Cryptography, often called encryption, is the practice of creating and using a cryptosystem or cipher to prevent all but the intended recipient(s) from reading or using the information or application encrypted. Encryption and Encoding through Satellite TV. The Radio is an item that can be constructed with the Habitat Builder. We then present the. In Season 5, it's revealed that Samaritan is communicating with its operatives via Fake Static in radio transmissions, forming an encrypted morse code. DE 35 36 820 C2 and the ISO standards 14819-1, -2 and -3 describes a method for the radio transmission of encoded traffic messages. When the communication needs to be established over a distance, then the analog signals are sent through wire, using different techniques for. About us Barix is a skills-based company, always looking for the most cost-effective way to build quality products. ADFGX is a German encryption system, an old version of ADFGVX cipher, which uses a 5x5 square grid and a double mechanism of substitution then transposition. Buy 8-12KM UAV VIDEO & Bi-directional Data Radio Links directly with low price and high quality. Secrecy Beyond Encryption: Obfuscating Transmission Signatures in Wireless Communications Hanif Rahbari and Marwan Krunz, University of Arizona Abstract—The privacy of a wireless user and the operation of a wireless network can be threatened by the leakage of transmission signatures, even when encryption and authentication services are employed. Occasionally police departments with encrypted systems will provide a system radio with basic talkgroups to media, wreckers, neighboring agencies and others that might have a legitimate need to monitor them. Without it you hear nothing useful. RE: The Easy Days of Scanning are Gone: JOHNZ; To answer your question about encryption sequence, it is the code used to program the digital encryption program the radios use to keep their transmissions secret. In data communications, Manchester encoding is a special form of encoding in which the binary digits (bits) represent the transitions between high and low logic states. SkyHopper PRO V supports Point-to-Point communication with multiple viewers and offers built-in flexibility to best optimize to specific customer challenges. This is done to comply with the legal requirement that scanners be manufactured so they are not easy to modify to pick up these transmissions. Use the --nocrypt functionality to silence occasional encrypted transmissions on mixed use tgids. We set up a small Lab and did a bit of testing to show you what can be done and created a few short video examples. and 20 MHz to 3 GHz respectively. Your option would be to do that on a data bearer, transporting the encrypted voice via IP. None of this will be prevented or mitigated by limiting through regulation alone the baud rate of HF transmissions in a single HF radio service. Back then, home dishes were costly and classy metal units that occupied a huge portion available space. Surprisingly, radio technologies used for geolocation and tracking of aircraft are quite classic and easy to listen/decode, still nowadays. Now to Sitor B (Simplex Teletype Over Radio Mode B), another non-voice mode we can use to decode WLO transmissions. AOR has created an APCO25 digital decoder for use with receivers that have a 10. So, unless you feel like reverse engineering a few receivers to. Please note that I am not speaking on behalf-of Microsoft or any other 3rd party vendors mentioned in any of my blog posts. 825MHz Packet Radio downlink. It does not allow decoding of encrypted communications. MOTOTRBO: Setting up AES Wayne Holmes. When the communication needs to be established over a distance, then the analog signals are sent through wire, using different techniques for. So again, the two functions are called: Xtea_decrypt(hopping, key1) : This function performs the actual decode The decrypted data is now in the hopcode buffer. Today you can buy AIS receivers at reasonable prices in ”any” shop. 4 Network Architecture. The Tx channel and talk back functions. Some new and cheaper equipment is far away. On the other hand, exploitation involves using the transmissions for intelligence and counter-intelligence purposes. RTTY or Radio TeleTYpe is very popular and transmitted at various speeds by amateur and commercial stations. I said nothing about decoding. Encrypted Transmissions. Jason Holland either the interception and divulgence of radio transmissions that are. 5 million, taxpayer-funded public safety radio project will go live in coming months. The decoding of wideband protocols like TETRA and. Decoding a nice weather map can be quite rewarding. Some of the more exotic modes e. These call signs are established to assist in the transmission and delivery of dispatches transmitted by radio, landline or teletypewriter systems. We're upgrading the ACM DL, and would like your input. course: decrypting, decoding, deciphering, or descramblinq. In data communications, Manchester encoding is a special form of encoding in which the binary digits (bits) represent the transitions between high and low logic states. Looking for rf radio module factory direct sale? You can buy factory price rf radio module from a great list of reliable China rf radio module manufacturers, suppliers, traders or plants verified by a third-party inspector. it is not encrypted, you need a "key" in addition to a decoder. This true I/Q Scanner is the first scanner to incorporate Software Defined Radio technology to provide incredible digital performance in even the most challenging RF environments. Things I have tried so far for scrambling/encryption. The receiving radio then turns this digital data back into a voice signal. The military grade frequency domain voice encryption built into the VS-1200-HS1G protects conversations against the most determined listeners. When used over radio frequency, the. In Season 5, it's revealed that Samaritan is communicating with its operatives via Fake Static in radio transmissions, forming an encrypted morse code. This device is designed for transmission of audio informations via encrypted radio channel. Tool to decrypt/encrypt with ADFGVX. Most public safety agencies are not encrypting their radio traffic, but rather shifting to "trunked" systems that use several (possibly 20 or more) frequencies at one time. As shown in the typical application circuits, it requires only the addition of input switches and RF circuitry for use as the transmitter in the end application. - Encrypted APCO 25 Police transmissions - GSM-R radio networks - GSM, Push to talk networks - Decode Raywood / Sigtec Mobile data terminals (Taxi companies) - Decode Police / Ambulance MDT's Please feel free to add any information to what I have just listed. When a subscriber is no longer a subscriber (he ceased to pay), the publisher simply stops sending the blob containing K encrypted with the corresponding K s. Signal analysis solutions can be tailor-made for specific customer requests for having the broad-based decoding ability for the numerous narrowband radio protocols like CODAN, CLOVER, PACTOR or others which are popularly used on HF radio and ACARS, POCSAG etc. (Encoding and decoding are used in data communications, networking, and storage. XTEA DECRYPTING Once the encryption key is generated, it is placed into key1 to be used for decoding the encrypted data. Quantum Encryption Messages You Can Only Read In One Location A conventional wireless transmission is then used to send the "key" needed to make sense of the quantum data and establish a. Project “ADS-B Receiver and Decoder” About 50% of all commercial aircraft are transmitting their navigation information (position, speed, heading and more) on 1090MHz. The TETRA radio system uses Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technology with 4 user channels on one radio carrier and 25 kHz spacing between carriers. The House Commerce Committee also voted to make it a crime to sell electronic gadgets that can "decode encrypted radio transmissions for the purposes of. We're upgrading the ACM DL, and would like your input. the arduino no 1 is where I am doing programming to scramble/encrypt this sample of 16 bit and send to output voice codec which converts it back to voice and transmits it over aux cable or radio to the decoder side where decoding takes place.


Sony in the UK have announced the MDR‑DS6500 digital wireless 7.1ch surround sound headphones. That’s quite a collection of adjectives, so to break it down into the constituent parts…
Digital wireless – All-digital wireless transmission resists noise and interference from other devices in the home. Automatic tuning switches seamlessly between RF channels in the 2.408 – 2.473 GHz range to optimise signal reception. Range approximately 100 m so you can roam your home while listening to you tunes.
7.1ch – Exclusive to Sony, Virtualphones Technology (VPT) reproduces the soundstage of multi-channel speakers. Even if you’re listening to a stereo 2ch or 5.1 channel programme, VPT builds a virtual 7.1 channel stage that stretches behind and beyond the screen. There’s also a choice of selectable surround sound modes to optimise listening for movies, gaming or speech.
Surround sound – Supporting Dolby Digital, Dolby Pro Logic IIx, DTS and DTS ES, the base station will take both digital optical and analogue inputs.
Headphones – Over the ear, weighing in at 320g. Pretty good looking too. When they’re not being used, you can rest the MDR‑DS6500 headphones on their wireless charging dock. Three hours charging time provides power for approx 20 hours listening time.
Available in May for a £249. Not cheap. Full specs here too.


Streamline Your Room With Professional TV Installation
Attention To Detail is TV Installation in Blackburns speciality. During a consultation, we’ll check on the size of your television, the surface for mounting, and determine whether you have a bracket or need one. All of the hardware you may need is provided during installation. We’ll even put extra effort into concealing the television wires behind the wall for a sleeker look. The final results of the bracket placement and wiring of your flat screen will be neat. HDMI Cables and Other Items for Your Project
All TV Installation in Blackburn technicians keep high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) cables stocked at all times, so you won’t have to go to the store to buy a cable. Plus, our cables vary between 3′ and 100′, so you can get the exact length you need. Our technicians will have all the proper tools and everything they need to make your TV mount installation project look as neat and professional as possible.
TV Mounting Service in Blackburn
All of TV Installation in Blackburn services are available at a flat fee rate. We offer tilting, flush, and slim or low-profile brackets and full motion brackets. Our wall mounts can hold televisions from 22″ up to 120″, and our brackets can hold from 32″ up to 80″ televisions. The wall mounting hardware ranges in price from £49.99 to £229.99. Standard installation and mounting of televisions start as low as just £89.00
Put your mind at ease!
All of our techs are fully certified and trained.
We will show respect to your home and make sure you are informed of the entire process along the way.
And after the installation is done…
Enjoy a Two-Year Quality Guarantee on all of our work!
Restart the iPhone or iPad that provides Personal Hotspot and the other device that needs to connect to Personal Hotspot. Make sure that you have the latest version of iOS. On the iPhone or iPad that provides Personal Hotspot, go to Settings > General > Reset, then tap Reset Network Settings.
How do I connect my mobile hotspot to my Smart TV?keepmemag2020-04-28T13:26:18+00:00
3 easy ways to connect your Smart TV to the internet
Binge on Netflix boxsets by connecting your Smart TV to the internet – here are 3 easy ways to do it…
1. The wireless option – connect over your home Wi-Fi
Most new Smart TVs are Wi-Fi-enabled, meaning they have a wireless adapter built-in. Connecting to the web takes just a few minutes – but this option works best when your TV is in the same room as the router.
Benefits of a wireless connection
There are no trailing wires – perfect for keeping your living room uncluttered
You have the freedom to place your TV anywhere in your living room, which makes it the best option for wall-mounting
It’s incredibly simple to set up – simply press a few buttons on your TV remote
How to connect
Hit the Menu button on your TV remote
Choose the Network Settings option then Set up a wireless connection
Select the wireless network name for your home Wi-Fi
Type your Wi-Fi password using your remote’s button.
2. The wired option – plug directly into your router
Want the strongest, most stable connection? Plug your TV directly into the internet router via an Ethernet cable. Your TV must be close to your router.
When you’re connecting multiple devices, make sure your connection stays strong by opting for a powerful beamforming router.
Benefits of a wired connection
It’s simple to set up – just plug it in
It provides the most reliable connection – your streaming should be free from buffering
It’s much faster than Wi-Fi
How to connect
Find the Ethernet port on the back of your TV
Connect an Ethernet cable from your router to the port on your TV
Select Menu on your TV’s remote and then go to Network Settings
Select the option to enable wired internet
Type your Wi-Fi password using your remote’s buttons
3. When your TV is upstairs, use a powerline
TV upstairs or in another room from your router? It doesn’t mean you can’t watch Netflix or iPlayer.
The further away you are from your router, the weaker the signal becomes. But you can extend the reach of your home network for smoother streaming with a powerline kit.
A powerline kit includes 2 adapters and 2 Ethernet cables. Once the adapters are plugged into power sockets and your router, the internet signal is sent down your electricity cables.
Benefits of powerline
It delivers a strong internet connection upstairs or through thick walls
You will extend the internet to the far corners of your home
easy to set up
How to connect
Plug the first powerline adapter into a socket in the same room as your router
Use an Ethernet cable to connect the adapter to your broadband router
Plug the second powerline adapter into a socket in the same room as your Smart TV
Then plug an Ethernet cable into the Ethernet port on your Smart TV
Connect the other end of the Ethernet cable to your powerline adapter
How fast is your broadband? Watching online video is the main benefit of Smart TV.
The faster your broadband the better quality your catch-up TV, series binges and movie nights will be.
Particularly if your Smart TV is also 4K UHD. Netflix and Amazon stream a selection of movies and TV shows in 4K.
Super-fast broadband will give you the best possible regular streaming experience – and it’s near-essential for 4K steaming.
Can I use my phone data on my TV?keepmemag2020-04-28T13:18:38+00:00
Nearly all smartphones and tablets can plug into a TV’s HDMI port using a USB cable like this 6-foot Data Cable for USB-C. Once connected, you can project your phone’s display onto your TV – whether you’re checking out pictures, watching videos, surfing the web, using apps or playing games.
Do smart TVs have built in WIFI?keepmemag2020-04-28T13:17:30+00:00
A smart TV uses your home network to provide streaming video and services on your TV, and smart TVs use wired Ethernet and built-in Wi-Fi to stay connected. Most current TVs support 802.11ac Wi-Fi, but watch for older models, which may still use the older 802.11n standard.
Can I Watch A Smart TV Without Internet?keepmemag2020-04-28T13:16:14+00:00
Smart TVs can connect to the internet via a wired Ethernet connection or through built-in Wi-Fi that allows it to connect to the home broadband network. * If the TV comes sans in-built Wi-Fi connectivity but supports mirroring, you can enjoy the internet even without Wi-Fi.
Do smart TVs require Internet?
The major feature separating smart TVs and not-so-smart TVs is an internet connection. Nearly all smart TVs come equipped with both an Ethernet port and built-in Wi-Fi, though some older models may require an adaptor to enable the Wi-Fi functionality, so they should be able to connect from anywhere in your house.
How do you set up a Smart TV without Internet?
How to connect
find the Ethernet port on the back of your TV.
connect an Ethernet cable from your router to the port on your TV.
select Menu on your TV’s remote and then go to Network Settings.
select the option to enable wired internet.
type your Wi-Fi password using your remote’s buttons.
Can you watch Netflix on a smart TV without Internet?
According to Netflix, the answer is “No.” But, with PlayOn Plus, you can easily watch Netflix without an internet connection. You can then put that recorded Netflix show on any device (think iPad, iPhone, Android tablet, laptop) and watch that Netflix show or movie when you have no internet connection.
Is it easy to set up a Smart TV?keepmemag2020-04-28T13:12:22+00:00
Most new Smart TVs are Wi-Fi-enabled, meaning they have a wireless adapter built-in. Connecting to the web takes just a few minutes – but this option works best when your TV is in the same room as the router. Type your Wi-Fi password using your remote’s button.


Chinese manufacturer, Foxconn, has revealed that it has sold multiple communication patents to Google as the company wishes to strengthen its patent portfolio to protect its Android operating system from patent trolls.
Hon Hai Precision Industry Company also known as Foxconn, has been manufacturing electronics equipment ranging from connecting wires to smartphones for a number of technology companies. It gained global recognition for manufacturing Apple's iPhones in recent times. Foxconn currently holds 64,300 patents worldwide and has applied for 128,400 more patents. It was one of the Top 20 companies to hold patents in the US according to patent research firm, Envision IP.
A report from the Wall Street Journal has revealed that Foxconn has now sold some of its communication-related patents to US-based software giant, Google, for an undisclosed amount of money.
Google has been actively looking to strengthen its IP portfolio in wake of lawsuits filed by patent trolls against Android device makers. To expand its patent portfolio, Google acquired Motorola Mobility in 2011 but sold it to Lenovo in 2014, while retaining the ownership of the communication patents from the company.
Although Google declined to comment on the report, Foxconn has provided a statement saying that it would continue research and development of technologies and continue "transforming such investments into valuable intellectual property assets."
Source: Wall Street Journal | Image via Bloomberg


Strong solar flare disrupts radio communications in North America
An intense X-level solar flare causes radio blackout in North America.
Sun's activity has increased over these past few weeks and it has generated numerous strong solar storms. Currently, Sun is in its 11-year solar cycle and it will reach its maximum next year, which will make these solar storms even more intense in terms of being a potential threat to satellites, power grids, the internet infrastructure and more. On Monday, a powerful solar flare was spewed out by the Sun that caused a radio and navigation signals blackout in North America as the energetic particles reached Earth.
The solar flare
The solar flare, which was rated as an X1.5, was the 20th instance of an X flare, which is known as the most powerful cluster of solar flares. According to solar physicist Keith Strong, the solar flare was of category 3 on the five-point scale developed by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
"The X1.5 Flare caused an R3 (strong) radio blackout event on the daylit side of the Earth (most of the US and Canada and the Pacific Ocean)," Strong said on X (formerly Twitter). "Frequencies below 5 Mhz were most affected and navigation signals degraded."
The solar flare occurred just after two days of weaker X flare which occurred on August 5. A total of two massive X-level solar flares occurred in the past two days, but this is not all, the sun is releasing multiple moderate solar flares and three have already occurred in the last 24 hours., as per space.com reports.
U.K. space weather forecaster Met Office released a cautionary warning notice due to the presence of charged solar particles in Earth's atmosphere which can result in a mild solar radiation storm. For both passengers and crew aboard aircraft flying over polar regions, as well as astronauts in space, these charged particles can be harmful. Additionally, they can also harm satellites.
Earlier experts reported that two coronal mass ejections (CME) rushed towards Earth. These CMEs can cause a geomagnetic storm when it touches the Earth's magnetic field. However, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration( NOAA) model reported that the two CMEs have merged by cannibalizing the first, making it more intense and powerful. This CME can lead to a G3-level storm, which can disrupt power grids and telecommunication systems.


Leveraging Steering and Homing Capabilities for Enhanced Performance
Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and Iron Drone announced a collaboration agreement on 29 June for the integration of interception capabilities into IAI’s advanced anti-drone system, DRONE GUARD.
Intercepting drones can be launched by day or night from a docking station that hosts several ready-to-use drones. Several drones can be launched simultaneously to address multiple targets or swarms.
IAI ELTA Systems, which develops and manufactures DRONE GUARD, has to date sold over 100 units that detect, identify and disrupt the operation of malicious drones. ELTA’s collaboration with Iron Drone is part of its strategy to collaborate with startups to leverage innovative technologies for existing systems to improve performance. ELTA is a global leader in remote sensing and radar systems, with a product portfolio that includes mission aircraft, national cybersecurity administration, ground robotic systems, anti-drone systems and homeland defense systems.
Zvi Yarom, General Manager of ELTA’s Land Systems Division, commented “The collaboration agreement and the integration of interception capabilities in IAI’s DRONE GUARD create a specialized solution for a broad range of threats. DRONE GUARD represents Elta’s extensive know-how and experience in radars, intelligence, and AI combined with Iron Drone’s unique kinetic interception solution. The integration has been tried, proven, and demonstrated in several pilots and is now being marketed to customers. DRONE GUARD is one in a full suite of solutions offered by ELTA’s Land Systems facility under construction in Beer Sheba at an investment of over NIS 100 million [€25.7 MILLION]. It will help IAI build innovative technological infrastructures and implement R&D for novel land applications.”
“The strategic collaboration with IAI’s ELTA Systems is a significant milestone for Iron Drone. The combination of DRONE GUARD’s advanced capabilities with Iron Drone’s steering and homing excellence result in a significant business and technological venture,” added Iron Drone CEO, Matan Melamed.
The advanced radar integrated with DRONE GUARD is capable of detecting drones as they enter the airspace. The intercepting drone is launched and steered to the target with the help of the radar, using sensors and computer vision to home and lock on the target up to the physical impact with the attacker and its neutralization. The entire process is autonomous, requiring no human intervention. The solution can be used in areas where other defensive systems cannot operate due to airports, populated areas, power plants, sensitive facilities or other infrastructure.


International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT) 2007
This paper is a description of the system presented by the LIG laboratory to the IWSLT07 speech translation evaluation. The LIG participated, for the first time this year, in the Arabic to English speech translation task. For translation, we used a conventional statistical phrase-based system developed using the moses open source decoder. Our baseline MT system is described and we discuss particularly the use of an additional bilingual dictionary which seems useful when few training data is available. The main contribution of this paper concerns the proposal of a lattice decomposition algorithm that allows transforming a word lattice into a sub word lattice compatible with our MT model that uses word segmentation on the Arabic part. The lattice is then transformed into a confusion network which can be directlv decoded using moses. The results show that this method outperforms the conventional 1-best translation which consists in translating only the most probable ASR hypothesis. The best BLEU score, from ASR output obtained on IWSLT06 evaluation data is 0.2253. The results confirm the interest of full CN decoding for speech translation, compared to traditional ASR 1-best approach. Our primary system was ranked 7/14 for IWSLT07 AE ASR task with a BLEU score of 0.3804.
Full Paper Presentation
Bibliographic reference. Besacier, Laurent / Mahdhaoii, A. / Le, V.-B. (2007): "The LIG Arabic/English speech translation system at IWSLT07", In IWSLT-2007, 137-141.


An Operating System is the system software that is an interface between the user and computer hardware. It handles the computer’s hardware, memory, and processes.
Every computer system has an operating system running in the background, for the smooth functioning of other applications.
Though all operating systems have similar functions, different operating systems can significantly make a difference in the user experience.
OxygenOS vs Android
The difference between OxygenOS and Android is that OxygenOS is an Android-based operating system developed for OnePlus’ devices, while Android is an operating system developed for mobile touch screen devices. OxygenOS is developed by OnePlus, while Android is developed by Google, Open Handset Alliance, and others.
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OxygenOS is a customized operating system based on Android, developed by Chinese phone company OnePlus, for use in their devices exclusively.
It was initially released in March 2015, as an operating system for overseas markets, with Hydrogen OS as its domestic counterpart in China.
However, they were merged cohesively in 2016. Android is an operating system based on an updated version of Linux and other open-source software.
It is a mobile operating system for touch screen devices like phones and tablets. It is developed by a group of developers, majorly Open Handset Alliance and Google.
It is free and open-source software, which is usually shipped with additional pre-installed proprietary software.
|Parameters of Comparison||OxygenOS||Android|
|Description||OxygenOS is an optimized Android skin (Android-based operating system), which is designed to compliment OnePlus’ hardware.||Android is an operating system, made for touchscreen mobile devices like Smartphones and Tablets.|
|First Developed||It was initially released in March 2015.||It was initially released in September 2008.|
|Developed By||It is developed by the Chinese company OnePlus.||It is developed by many collaborators. Most shares are owned by Google LLC and Open Handset Alliance.|
|User Interface||OxygenOS has certain user interface tweaks. E.g. less colorful icons, customized clock lock screen without 3rd party apps, etc.||Android’s icons are more colorful.|
|Applications||It has made a few replacements for basic function apps. Additionally, it offers in-built special apps like Game Space, etc.||Android has Google apps for basic functions like Calculator, Messaging, Phone, etc.|
|Updates||OxygenOS supports Android updates, but they tend to get introduced a bit late.||Android can be trusted with faster updates.|
|Storage||It takes up more storage as compared to Android.||It takes up comparatively less storage.|
What is OxygenOS?
OxygenOS is an Android skin, which is highly customized to work with OnePlus’ hardware. This operating system is developed by Chinese company OnePlus for their devices exclusively.
It was first released in 2015 for the overseas market but was merged in 2016 with its domestic counterpart Hydrogen OS. Although it is based on Android, it has certain user interface tweaks, added features, and applications.
For instance, it has less colorful icons than Android, has a customized clock lock screen feature, and a different screenshot-taking experience. In contrast to Android, it has its own apps for basic functions like Calculator, Messaging, Gallery, etc.
Moreover, it has added apps like Game Space, Zen Mode, App Lock, and Parallel Apps, that enhance the user experience without the involvement of 3rd party apps.
Besides, OxygenOS supports Android updates, but a little later than Stock Android. It also takes up more space than Android.
What is Android?
Android is an operating system designed for mobile touch screen devices. It is based on Linux and other open-source software.
It is developed by a consortium of developers led by Open Handset Alliance and Google LLC. It was first released in September 2008.
It is open-source and free software, which is usually accompanied by pre-installed proprietary software. This mostly includes Google Mobile Services (GSM), which has core apps like Chrome, Play Store, etc.
Android is quite basic as Google prefers it to be so that things run smoothly. Many companies these days are developing their Android skins to differentiate themselves, e.g. OxygenOS by OnePlus, OneUI by Samsung, MIUI by Xiaomi, ColorOS by Oppo, etc.
Android thus has Google apps for basic functions, while specific apps can be installed for other purposes.
Its icons are more colorful. Besides, it can be updated to Android’s latest version and takes up less storage than its customized skins.
Main Differences Between OxygenOS and Android
- OxygenOS is an Android-based operating system made for OnePlus’ devices. Android, on the other hand, is an operating system designed for touch-screen mobile devices.
- OxygenOS was first released in March 2015, while Android was first released in September 2008.
- OxygenOS is developed by Chinese phone manufacturing company OnePlus. Android is developed by Google LLC, Open Handset Alliance and others.
- OxygenOS has introduced certain user interface tweaks. For instance, its icons are less colorful than Android icons. It also has customized clock lock screen and a different screenshot experience.
- OxygenOS had introduced its own apps for basic functions like Calculator, Phone and Gallery, whereas Android uses Google apps. OxygenOS also has added apps like Game Space, Parallel Apps, App Locker and Zen Mode; for whose purposes Android has to rely on 3rd party apps.
- OxygenOS supports Android updates, but they are introduced later than in Android.
- OxygenOS takes up larger storage than Android.
I’ve put so much effort writing this blog post to provide value to you. It’ll be very helpful for me, if you consider sharing it on social media or with your friends/family. SHARING IS ♥
Sandeep Bhandari holds a Bachelor of Engineering in Computers from Thapar University (2006). He has 20 years of experience in the technology field. He has a keen interest in various technical fields, including database systems, computer networks, and programming. You can read more about him on his bio page.


Our field crews use very effective site optimization procedures. They conduct a detailed assessment of a site and provide a full report on non-optimal areas. This is followed by a thorough examination of transmission lines and connectors, transmitter power, antenna down tilt and azimuth, spectrum emission mask, multicoupler and combining network tuning, DC battery cell short check and grounding resistance. Corrections are then made and the system is tuned to optimal values.
While on-site, we also conduct a general site review to look for signs of moisture, corrosion, animal damage and other anomalies.


Night Vision Recording. Thanks to the 6 infrared LEDs without lighting on the front, LKSUMPT mini spy camera provides clear video recordings and photos even in.
Hidden Night Vision Cameras for 24-Hour Security. Monitor your home or office in any lighting condition with a hidden night vision camera from BrickHouse.
Using Invisible IR Night Vision, The Darkest Rooms Become Bright. Our spy cameras come with a secret that others don't. These have invisible IR sensors that.


For release: 03 Feb 2014
Task group develops Phase I of RapidIO based open reference designs for use in organizations such as the Open Compute Project, Scorpio, Financial data centers, supercomputers and compute data center applications.
Austin, TX – February 3rd, 2014 – RapidIO.org, the organization that promotes and develops standards for the RapidIO interconnect architecture announces the first public demonstration of the Phase 1 reference design released by the Data Center Compute and Networking Task Group (DCCN). The DCCN System, which will be shown at the Linley Group Data Center Conference February 5th & 6th in Santa Clara, California, is targeted at Server, Data Center and Supercomputing applications and showcases the strength of the entire RapidIO ecosystem with multi-vendor collaboration.
This initial DCCN reference design, built by RapidIO member Prodrive Technologies, is vendor and processor agnostic, and the design specifications are being made available to other open standards in the computing industry (e.g. Open Compute Project and Scorpio) and will also be available for use by OEM’s of computing and data center infrastructure, research labs and government organizations.
Key features of the DCCN System include:
- Processor Architecture independent
- TI DSP/ARM 470 x 4 ≈ 2 Tflops
- Freescale Dual core PowerPC @ 2.1 GHz x 4 (total 8 cores)
- Intel x86 Quad Core i7 @ 2.1 GHz
- Xilinx FPGAs
- 412k x 4 = 1648k logic cells
- 64k4 x 4 = 257k6 slices
- IDT RapidIO 20 Gbps per port switching with 100ns latency and PCIe-2 to RapidIO 20 Gbps NIC
- 8x 2.5″ HDD storage bays (SATA-3)
- Up to four industry standard AMC daughter cards
- 40G RapidIO Gen2 per daughter card
- 2x 20 Gbps quad-lane
- 80G RapidIO Gen2 to back rack
- 4x 20 Gbps quad-lane
- 20G RapidIO Gen2 Internal link bandwidth
- 10G Ethernet per daughter card
- 1x 10 Gigabit Ethernet
- 40G Ethernet to back rack
- 4x 10 Gigabit Ethernet
- 2x 1G Ethernet to back rack
- 4x 1G Ethernet to daughter card
“Under the leadership of DCCN Task Group chair, Marco Rietveld (email@example.com), the DCCN team has worked collaboratively to create designs using existing RapidIO semiconductors, boards and firmware, to address the needs of server systems in 19 or 21 inch rack form factors. This work shows the tremendous benefits of the RapidIO architecture in general computing, super computing or analytics driven server applications that require low latency, low power and scalable peer to peer inter processor communication,” said Rick O’Connor, Executive Director of RapidIO.org, “We are very pleased with this result and look forward to showcasing the DCCN System at the Linley Group Data Center event on February 5th & 6th, 2014.”
RapidIO.org, a non-profit corporation controlled by its members, directs the future development and drives the adoption of the RapidIO architecture. The RapidIO architecture promises lower-latency, increased bandwidth efficiency, lower cost and lower power. Interested companies are invited to join the RapidIO Trade Association to gain access to the standards development process. Detailed information on the RapidIO specification, products, design tools, member companies, and membership is available at www.RapidIO.org.


Elon Musk delivers first Tesla Semi electric truck with 800 km driving range to Pepsi
Elon Musk, delivered the truck via the Tesla's Nevada plant
Elon Musk led electric vehicle maker Tesla has delivered the company's first heavy-duty Semi electric truck to FMCG giant PepsiCo.
Elon Musk, delivered the truck via the Tesla's Nevada plant and said that the battery-powered, long-haul truck would reduce highway emissions.
Tesla first unveiled the electric truck in 2017, and revealed that the semi will be available in two configurations - 300-mile range version that would cost $150,000, and the 500-mile version will cost $180,000.
However, the prices of the Tesla's passenger electric vehicle prices have increased sharply since then and the new prices are not out yet.


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|bluesound node 2i vs audiolab 6000n||1.5||0.5||637||24|
Bluesound introduces (Gen 3) NODE & POWERNODE by John Darko May 10, 2021, 17:36 Bluesound has announced third-generation versions of its Node and Powernode streaming products that feature more powerful streaming hardware (for BluOS + Roon Ready + Spotify Connect + AirPlay 2), reworked DAC sections and (for the Powernode) more loudspeaker power.Does Bluesound node 2i play MQA?
High-end DAC technology built into every Bluesound Player allows the NODE 2i to decode and stream MQA files in all their lossless glory. SET YOUR MUSIC FREE Featuring an array of analog and digital input and output options, the NODE 2i gives you infinite playback choices to rule your sonic domain.Does the node 2i support 24-bit streaming?
With state-of-the-art Bluetooth ® aptX ® HD, the NODE 2i can easily support 24-bit streaming directly from your phone or tablet, as well as transmit studio-quality music to Bluetooth headphones and speakers. High-end DAC technology built into every Bluesound Player allows the NODE 2i to decode and stream MQA files in all their lossless glory.What is the difference between the bluebluesound node N130 and N130?
Bluesound Node N130 is similar to its predecessors on the outside, but has better DAC, new controls and more inputs.


Scania has joined forces with Swiss technology company ABB to enhance its electric vehicle charging infrastructure, offering customers a complete EV solution for regional and urban transport. This partnership extends beyond 600kW charging, with plans for the introduction of advanced megawatt charging technology.
Scania has signed a global framework agreement with Swiss technology group ABB to provide charging infrastructure for its electric vehicles (EVs). This partnership is an extension of their existing collaboration. ABB E-mobility, the subsidiary responsible for EV solutions, will supply Scania with DC fast charging solutions ranging from 24 to 600kW. This agreement comes as Scania expands its lineup of electric trucks for regional and urban transport. By joining forces with ABB, Scania can now offer customers a complete EV package, including vehicles, chargers, services, and software.
Scania will create its network and offer ABB E-mobility’s DC fast charging solutions to its customers. While the Terra 360 charger, capable of charging up to four vehicles simultaneously, is mentioned in the agreement, commercial vehicles are likely to distribute the charging power to one or at most two vehicles at a time.
The collaboration goes beyond 600 kW, with ABB E-mobility and Scania successfully testing a megawatt charging system (MCS) earlier this year. The next version of MCS technology is planned for introduction in late 2024 or early 2025, while Scania intends to provide customers with EV trucks for regional transport equipped with a pre-release version of the standard MCS plug this year, with production starting in 2024.
Both Scania and ABB are involved in the development of the MCS standard as members of the CharIN CCS initiative, which demonstrated the Megawatt Charging System in mid-2022. This partnership allows Scania to benefit from ABB E-mobility’s global reach, local presence, and a broad portfolio of high-quality EV charging solutions and service support.


|This high-powered klystron emits a large radio-frequency signal that can be split into several signals and managed through vector modulators for several accelerator cavities at once. Photo: Joseph Piergrossi|
An accelerator test at Fermilab has shown that a proton beam could be accelerated with fewer radio-frequency power sources than previously used.
A cavity is one of the elements in an accelerator that helps bring a particle beam up to the desired energy. As a particle beam travels down the axis of a cavity, the changing electric fields inside help kick the beam down the line. Klystrons power the cavities, sending them radio-frequency pulses to help propel the particles.
A typical accelerator has multiple cavities, each one of which is hooked up to its own klystron. With the High-Intensity Neutrino Source accelerator at the Meson Detector Hall, one klystron drives six room-temperature cavities at once. (Despite its name, the HINS accelerator does not directly involve neutrinos. It accelerates protons.)
“The point was to see if we could find a more cost-effective way of running an accelerator,” said Jim Steimel, an engineer for the project.
A klystron is one of the more expensive devices on a linear accelerator. The purpose of having one klystron per cavity is to allow fine control of each cavity’s power and keep the particles accelerating at the correct rate. The HINS experiment showed that a single high-powered signal could be split among several cavities to the same effect.
“Imagine you have a barrel with six taps,” said Sergei Nagaitsev, AD physicist. “Through each one you want to run water at a certain rate at a certain time. That’s what this accelerator does for RF power.”
Each of the “taps” on the experimental accelerator has a vector modulator, which allows an operator to regulate how much power is flowing into a particular cavity. Steimel said programming the VMs was the most difficult part of building this type of linac.
“One of the big issues was that because the VMs are high-power, they are not as fast,” he said. “Bandwidth becomes an issue.” A team led by Brian Chase, who leads the low-level radio-frequency group in the Accelerator Division, figured out how best to program the VMs to mitigate the bandwidth problem.
The test not only demonstrated that the single klystron could power six cavities at once, but more importantly that the vector modulators could properly distribute the power to each cavity. This approach is best applied in linacs that accelerate pulsed beams, as contrasted with so-called continuous-wave beams. Continuous-wave linacs will still require multiple radio-frequency power sources.
Steimel anticipates that other accelerator projects will consider using this technology and is keeping the experimental setup open for others to continue research and development.
“This is a very important demonstration because of the potential cost-saving benefit to future pulsed linacs,” said Associate Director for Accelerators Stuart Henderson. “Achieving this successful demonstration was the result of a lot of hard work by the HINS team.”
“It was important for us to do this because others in the world were asking us how it would work,” Nagaitsev said.
Physicist and Project X Project Manager Steve Holmes said he is looking at the technology for possible use in the future downstream pulsed linac section of Project X.
“It seems like such a natural approach to saving money,” Holmes said.


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A group of companies have come together to develop and launch a secure Android running smartphone called Blackphone. With more emphasis being given on security these days and the recent NSA scandal taking privacy concerns to a whole new level, the Blackphone promises to keep your data/conversations safe and secure. The phone will be shown off at the MWC next month with pre-orders set to start immediately after but no further details have been provided at this point. With Android not exactly the most secure OS going around, it’s quite clear that the Blackphone will get considerable attention at the MWC.
The smartphone will reportedly give users the ability to make phone calls, send texts or even browse the internet using secure servers (via VPNs), thus making life a lot easier for those worried about privacy. The working and functioning of the smartphone has still not been shown off, so we will reserve judgment until we have a glimpse at the functioning of the device. The smartphone will be running on a skinned version of Android called PrivatOS according to the makers.
Via: Phone Arena


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Chameleon Scarf with FLORA Color Sensor #WearableWednesday
Ever wish your clothes could change color to match each other? Make a chameleon scarf to match every outfit using the Flora color sensor and 12 color-changing LED pixels diffused by a ruffly knit scarf. Check out the video on YouTube (please subscribe!) and Vimeo, and make your own with the full tutorial on the Adafruit Learning System.
Flora Color Sensor – TCS34725 – Your electronics can now see in dazzling color with this lovely color light sensor. We found the best color sensor on the market, the TCS34725, which has RGB and Clear light sensing elements. An IR blocking filter, integrated on-chip and localized to the color sensing photodiodes, minimizes the IR spectral component of the incoming light and allows color measurements to be made accurately. The filter means you’ll get much truer color than most sensors, since humans don’t see IR. The sensor also has an incredible 3,800,000:1 dynamic range with adjustable integration time and gain so it is suited for use behind darkened glass or fabric.
Adafruit publishes a wide range of writing and video content, including interviews and reporting on the maker market and the wider technology world. Our standards page is intended as a guide to best practices that Adafruit uses, as well as an outline of the ethical standards Adafruit aspires to. While Adafruit is not an independent journalistic institution, Adafruit strives to be a fair, informative, and positive voice within the community – check it out here: adafruit.com/editorialstandards
Stop breadboarding and soldering – start making immediately! Adafruit’s Circuit Playground is jam-packed with LEDs, sensors, buttons, alligator clip pads and more. Build projects with Circuit Playground in a few minutes with the drag-and-drop MakeCode programming site, learn computer science using the CS Discoveries class on code.org, jump into CircuitPython to learn Python and hardware together, TinyGO, or even use the Arduino IDE. Circuit Playground Express is the newest and best Circuit Playground board, with support for CircuitPython, MakeCode, and Arduino. It has a powerful processor, 10 NeoPixels, mini speaker, InfraRed receive and transmit, two buttons, a switch, 14 alligator clip pads, and lots of sensors: capacitive touch, IR proximity, temperature, light, motion and sound. A whole wide world of electronics and coding is waiting for you, and it fits in the palm of your hand.
Have an amazing project to share? The Electronics Show and Tell is every Wednesday at 7pm ET! To join, head over to YouTube and check out the show’s live chat – we’ll post the link there.


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Although GPS tracking is the most accurate compared to WiFi based and cell tower based tracking techniques, there are a few factors could affect the accuracy of GPS positioning accuracy which could affect cell phone GPS tracking.
1 The sun. Yes, the sun almost affects everything in the solar system. The magnetic field generated by the sun could have a direct impact on the GPS system and our cellular network.
2 Weather. As the radio signal travels between the earth and the satellites, bad weather like rain, storm could cause signal attenuation, while we have better signal when it’s sunny and cloudless.
3 Buildings. As we live in the city full of high buildings, this could reflect the signals. If you could barely see the sky, neither could your GPS or cell phone.
4 Containers. Although you have a handset, you do not hold it in your hand all the time. In most cases, we put it in our pocket or bag which could reflect signal as well, luckily people do not use metal bags.
5 Our body. Yes our body absorbs signal too, if you are in a crowded bus, the signal fades. Hey buddy, you stopped my signal.
6 Metal. Metals could not only reflect signal, but also absorb it. So never put your mobile device in a area full of metallic or electronic products.
7 Multipath. The GPS receiver could receive radio signals following multipath, as buildings, trees and other things can reflect radios.
8 GPS chip. Now the mostly used GPS chip is SiRFstar III (GSW 3.0/3.1), it has lot improvements in the hardware and software to provide better sensitivity and anti-interference.
9 Clock errors. Timing is critical to GPS, and the GPS satellites are equipped with very accurate atomic clocks, but they are not perfect and slight inaccuracies can lead to errors.
- Get ready for GPS Block III
- Free cell phone GPS logger for BlackBerry devices
- China launched its fourth satellite of Compass navigation system
- Tracking cell phone locations with Google Maps for mobile
- How to take advantage of A-GPS on your handset
- How to speed up satellites acquisition on your cell phone
- Differences between GPS and A-GPS


Hdmi Over Cat5 Wiring Diagram– wiring diagram is a simplified tolerable pictorial representation of an electrical circuit. It shows the components of the circuit as simplified shapes, and the capacity and signal contacts in the midst of the devices.
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Architectural wiring diagrams take effect the approximate locations and interconnections of receptacles, lighting, and steadfast electrical facilities in a building. Interconnecting wire routes may be shown approximately, where particular receptacles or fixtures must be upon a common circuit.
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29th October 2018
Join CDEC and Leyard on the 29th October at Wimpole Street, London, for a demonstration of the Leyard TVF Series LED Video Wall Displays.
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The Leyard® TVF Series is a family of fine pitch LED video wall displays from the worldwide leader in fine pitch LED video walls. Available in 1.5, 1.8 and 2.5 millimeter pixel pitches, the Leyard TVF Series gives new meaning to multi-functionality and quick installation by offering front serviceability and a creative stackable design that eliminates cabinet-to-cabinet cabling and reduces complexity of installation and vertical alignment.
Each Leyard TVF Series display includes embedded power and signal connectors that remove cabinet cabling clutter and offers improved vertical cabinet-to-cabinet alignment, making the process of building an LED video wall cleaner and quicker. With a narrow profile and 27” display cabinet, the Leyard TVF Series delivers 24×7 operation and can easily run with the Clarity® Visual Control StationTM (VCSTM) video wall processor or a third party video wall processor.
A Stackable Designfor Simple Installation
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Leyard TVF Series provides a high quality display for the most demanding applications.
Full Size Display with Less Space Consumption
the streamlined design of Leyard TVF Series makes it easier to fit in more spaces while not consuming a large
TVF Series cabinets feature a slim profile of less than three inches as well as full front installation
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stackable design incorporates a cableless connection between cabinets, eliminating the need for extra space often required for cabling.
29th October 2018
Sign up below and drop by any time between 10am and 4pm
1 Wimpole Street


SCADA Software: Supervision, Control and Data Acquisition.
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