Richmond, CANADA – Teledyne FLIR is pleased to announce its all new Ladybug6 360-degree camera is now in full production.
“We are excited to announce that our newest Ladybug camera is in production now and units are shipping immediately. The interest expressed by so many of our long-term customers has been astounding with order commitments made months in advance,” said Mike Lee, Senior Product Manager at Teledyne FLIR. “For applications that require high accuracy imaging like high-definition mapping, road surveying, and asset inspection, the Ladybug6 gives users precision trigger control and resolution in a field-proven format unmatched by other manufacturers.”
Ladybug6 is the industry’s leading high-resolution camera designed to capture 360-degree spherical images from moving platforms in all weather conditions. Its industrial-grade design and out-of-the-box factory calibration produce 72 Megapixel (MP) images with pixel values that are spatially accurate within +/- 2 mm at a 10-meter distance.
See our Ladybug6 on show at the following events:
Teledyne FLIR Integrated Imaging Solutions is a part of Teledyne’s Vision Solutions group and a leader in the design, manufacture, and deployment of digital imaging components for machine vision. Teledyne FLIR area scan cameras, spherical cameras, smart cameras, frame grabbers, software, and vision solutions are at the heart of thousands of machine vision systems around the world and across multiple industries. For more information, visit www.teledyneflir.com/mv


Remote Drilling Rig Lighting
It is a common practice in the oil and gas industry to use incandescent or high-pressure sodium (HPS) lights on remote compressor sites. The emergence of LED technology combined with industrial fixtures allows the implementation of more operator friendly lights and is more cost-effective than incandescent or high-pressure sodium (HPS) lights.
An oil company operates an oil facility in northern Alberta. Remote compressor sites transfer the oil to a centralized facility. Compressor maintenance is done on a 24-hour basis. At night, HPS lights are used to light up the work area.
HPS lamps generated light that is yellow to orange. To a large degree, it is invisible to the human eye and challenging to work under.
There are significant overhead costs with replacing burned out light bulbs on remote sites. This includes downtime while waiting for lamp replacement and extra labour to accomplish the task.
Re-lamping is required whenever the compressor is shipped over long distances.
The remote compressor sites are a potentially hazardous location. The oil & gas owners were looking for a way to reduce maintenance costs on their remote sites and improve overall operational safety during maintenance activities.
Incandescent or HPS lights offer a lower initial cost. An HPS lamp can provide a significant amount of lumens for a small investment, although most of the generated light is yellow to orange. These types of lamps are also susceptible to vibration.
Nemalux’s XCANLED technology produces high-quality light that is brighter than conventional outdoor lighting. Due to its solid-state design, LEDs are inherently vibration resistant; use less electricity, and last longer life than conventional outdoor lighting alternatives.
Based on proven experience with LED technology in industrial applications, Nemalux fixtures were selected for a trial run on a remote compressor.
Basis of recommendation:
- LED luminaires provide full spectrum light that can mimic daylight. Improve lighting (in comparison to HPS) and operational safety.
- Eliminate the need of re-lamping after shipping the compressor over longer distances.
- Significantly decrease the generator load and size of the generator.
- Provide a lighting package that is virtually maintenance free for 10-20 years.
- The return of the initial investment for such an installation can be as short as 1-2 years when considering the significant overhead cost of replacing burned out light bulbs on remote industrial and hazardous locations.


Nikon Introduces AX and AX R Confocal Microscopes
Nikon Corporation has launched the next generation confocal microscope series, AX and AX R.
This new confocal series features a completely re-designed scan head with 8K x 8K resolution, ultra-high-speed resonant scanning, and the world’s largest 25 mm field of view.
Combined with a new user-friendly interface and advanced AI-based tools, the AX/AX R confocal series is designed to enable users to acquire data faster, with an unprecedented level of detail and ease.
As biological research continues to trend toward systems-level studies that range from molecules to whole cell populations, tissues, organoids, and even whole organisms, needs for microscopy have been similarly evolving.
There is an increasing need to acquire data that is higher-resolution, both spatially and temporally; for a larger range of specimens and with greater throughput.
Nikon’s 10th generation confocal microscope system, the AX/AX R, features improved pixel density, sensitivity, speed, and the world’s largest field of view to meet these needs.
A suite of AI-based tools assists users in acquisition, processing and analysis, while the streamlined user interface ensures ease of use. With its modular design, the AX/AX R confocal microscope system easily accommodates multi-modal experiments as well as future expansion to meet evolving research directions.


A stair case height Bio-Transfer-Standard (BTS), developed and produced at the University of Helsinki (UH), was measured in two laboratories. The Round Robin test aims to determine whether BTS works with different optical profilers in different laboratories. First the artefact was measured at UH using a custom-built Scanning White Light Interferometer. Then BTS was measured at Sensofar-Tech, S.L. using an S-neox-type interferometer working either in Phase Shifting Interferometry mode or in Imaging Confocal Microscopy mode. To remove the influence of system calibration, a method featuring sample shifting and measurement subtraction was used. The BTS features eight lipid bilayer steps that each are 4.6 ± 0.1 nm tall on average. All 30 measurements done by four different operators at the two laboratories agree to within 0.1 nm which agrees with theoretical estimates and with measurements done using a surface plasmon resonance technique. The Round Robin results show the applicability of the newly developed bio-imaging transfer standard for calibrating 3D optical profilers.
A. Nolvi, T. Viitala, A. García Pérez, N. Sandler, E. Hæggström, C. Bermudez, R. Artigas, and I. Kassamakov, "Round Robin test on bio-imaging transfer standard for 3D optical profilers," Proc. SPIE 10110, Photonic Instrumentation Engineering IV, 101100M (Presented at SPIE OPTO: February 01, 2017; Published: 20 February 2017); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2250261.
Conference Presentations are recordings of oral presentations given at SPIE conferences and published as part of the proceedings. They include the speaker's narration with video of the slides and animations. Most include full-text papers. Interactive, searchable transcripts and closed captioning are now available for most presentations.
Search our growing collection of more than 22,000 conference presentations, including many plenaries and keynotes.


On the red coloration of saltern crystallizer ponds
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To assess, respectively, the contribution of red bacteria of theHalobacterium-Haloferax-Haloarcula group and of the β-carotene-rich green algaDunaliella salina to the red colour of saltern crystallizer ponds, we studied the optical properties of the brines of NaCl-saturated saltern ponds in Eilat, Israel, and quantified the pigments present in their biota. The absorption spectrum of the brines, as measured using the opal glass method to reduce the interference by scattering, or using an integrating sphere, nearly corresponded to thein vivo absorption spectrum of bacterioruberin-containing red archaeobacteria. However, extracts of the microbial community in organic solvents were dominated by β-carotene, a pigment occurring in high concentrations in theDunaliella cells present, and bacterioruberin contributed only between 13 and 28 per cent of the total visible light absorption by the extracts. The apparent discrepancy between these results can be explained by the very small in vivo optical cross-section of β-carotene, which is densely packed in globules inside theD. salina cells.
Key Wordssolar salterns Halobacterium Dunaliella bacterioruberin β-carotene
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Olympus FLASH WIRELESS FL-36R. Works with DSLR E-System, C and SP series cameras with TTL Hot Shoe. The FL-36R is a lightweight and compact wireless external flash. Wireless flash transmission channel settings can be controlled from the camera body, and they enable selection of flash/no flash for groups of multiple flash units. It's equipped with a 1/8 step illumination control for precision shooting, a wide-angle diffuser panel for even illumination with wide-angle lenses and a compact zoom head to accommodate lenses from wide-angle to telephoto.


The Oakley SI Ballistic M Frame surpasses ANSI Z87.1 Industrial Standards for high-mass and high-velocity impact protection. The M Frame 2.0 additionally meets MIL SPEC MIL-PRF 31013. All lenses are made of pure Plutonite®, a proprietary material that offers the highest level of optical clarity available in eyewear. It also features a clip that holds the lens and frame together providing more secure support.
- Frame color:;Black
- Lens color:;Grey
- Light Transmission:;16%
- Light Conditions:;Bright Light
- Base Lens Color:;Gray


Band 21 calibration is imprecise at high temperatures.
Impact to L1B Data Set
This effect causes increased uncertainty in the brightness temperature due to the indirect nature of the calibration. Detector to detector striping exists, but is within specifications.
Estimated Impact to L2 Science Products
Science research will be seriously impacted until the calibration can be extended.


In the past, vision guided robots were in the minority with only about 10% of industrial robots integrated with vision. Fast forward to today, with robot vision systems having become standard for many robotic applications. As the need for robotic automation has grown, so has the complexity of applications needing to be automated. This factor along with the increasing affordability of vision systems has led to the expansion of vision guided articulated robots.
Vision guided industrial robotic arms are industrial robots integrated with cameras and sensors that provide visual feedback to the robot. These robot manipulators are eliminating past barriers of robotic automation and allowing for the automation of more production processes. Why should you consider automating with a vision guided robot? The top reasons are listed below.
Automate Applications with Variables
In the past, robotic automation was limited to highly repetitive applications with regular parts. Processes needed to involve the same part types and part locations as factory robots did not have the technology to handle variables. Vision guided robotic manipulators have changed this. The FANUC Lr Mate 200ic with vision can adapt to variables through feedback from its camera system. If part shapes or locations change the robot is able to recognize these changes through the vision system. Vision guided handling robots can automate processes with a mix of part types, various locations, or parts with complex geometries. Vision guided robots can now automate applications involving parts that are not distinctly separated or located in a specific work areas.
Since vision guided industrial robot arms can automatically recognize and adapt to changes, less programming is required. With traditional six axis robot, programming is needed for every change. This means stopping the robot’s operation until the new program had been implemented, causing downtime. Integrating the ABB 4600-40 with vision decreases programming time since it can adapt to changes on its own. With vision guided robots there is greater uptime, which allows the manufacturing robot arms to operate for longer periods of time, ultimately resulting in higher productivity rates.
Less Human Involvement
While automating with industrial robots reduces human involvement with your productions, automating with a vision guided robot will reduce it even more. With less programming required and the ability of vision guided robots to be able to “see” there work environment, less monitoring of the robotic system is needed. Vision guided robots can operate autonomously. Factories utilizing the lights-out manufacturing method are doing so with vision guided robots. With fewer workers needed for vision guided robots, companies can see a significant reduction in labor expenses.
Industrial robots are designed for accuracy on their own, but adding a vision system can enhance that accuracy. Errors become nonexistent as robots can use visual feedback to enhance their operation. Vision guided robots operate with precision ensuring they do not deviate from an application path. Their ability to adjust to variables on the go, prevents costly errors such as damaged parts or material waste. Vision guided robots can even evaluate and inspect their own work, catching minute defects. Product quality significantly increases with vision guided robots.
Robots Done Right is the place to start when it comes to used robots. Contact us if you are interested in buying or selling your used robot.


Simultaneous measurements of position and angular displacements. The system offers real time measurements of beam position and angular displacements as well as power display, with resolution down to 0.1 um.
The system measures CW beams, and offers portable, fast and accurate beam alignment solution.
It is a USB2.0 device, the system ...
Max 150Hz at 500Hz digital filter
350 - 1100 nm
Position Measurement Range :
8 dia circle max mm
10 - 10000 µW


Telecommunications is one of the largest application sectors for lasers and laser amplifiers worldwide. For lasers to be viable for telecommunications applications they, not only have to be single spatial mode (allowing them to be efficiently coupled into a single mode fiber), but they also need to be single frequency to allow for dense wavelength multiplexing to increase the transmission bandwidth. For long-haul fiber optic communications, most telecommunications lasers operate at either 1550 nm or 1310 nm to take advantage of the minimal absorption of fiber optics at those two wavelengths. With the majority of telecommunication lasers now at 1550 nm due to the prevalence of desperation shifted fiber optics. Even though absorption is minimized at 1550nm, it still becomes an issue over long distances making it necessary to boost the signal using fiber amplifiers. On this page, you will find a list of all of the telecommunications lasers and amplifiers we offer.
To see a full list of other applications RPMC lasers are used for please check out our applications page by clicking here.
Contact us today to let one of our knowledgeable Product Managers assist you!


Seller assumes all responsibility for this listing.
Warranty: 6 months
The Optovue RTVue is an ultra-high speed, high resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) retina scanner used for retina imaging and analysis. TCP is the ability to calculate both the front and back surfaces of the cornea to enhance post-refractive IOL calculation for greater confidence in surgical outcomes.
SIX MONTH WARRANTY INCLUDED
• Fully refurbished
• Complete with table and printer
• Ships worldwide


The LED strips from production series L are the ideal light source for all applications where only one consistent light colour is required. They are used amongst other things in architecture (for example accents in walls, floors, counters or as decorative elements), for the backlighting of edges, areas or fluorescent letters.
Thanks to their practical dimensions, the LED strips can follow almost any curves and any bend. The distance between the individual LEDs is dimensioned in a way that results in homogenous illumination. Thanks to the Lehmann-Modulation, stageless brightness control is also possible in the lower intensity range, as is (flicker-free) dimming that is suitable for cameras.
The LED strips L are activated via the Long Distance Controller, the Sys One, or System Power Supplies 4 and 4E with Intelligence. In terms of small installations, the LED-Strips can also be activated via a corresponding power supply and – if dimmability is desired – with a Big Intelli Monochrome.


The minimum angle of diffraction can be calculated by using Bragg’s equation.
n is the wavelength multiplier
is the wavelength of the X–ray beam
d is the spacing between the two layers of atoms or ions
2 is the angle of diffraction
Upon rearranging the above equation, we get


The Fujifilm X10 is a highly advanced compact camera with specifications that
follow in the footsteps of the multi award-winning Fujifilm FinePix X100 the
ultimate in refined design, components, functions and specification.
Featuring a bright optical zoom viewfinder with a wide viewing angle, the X10
allows users to enjoy the pleasure of photography via a traditional viewfinder,
providing all the benefits and ease of composition that this brings.
The Fujifilm X10 features a large 2/3 inch 12 megapixel EXR-CMOS sensor and a
high-definition F2.0 wide-angle and F2.8 telephoto Fujinon 4x manual zoom lens
(28-112mm), characterised by its brightness and superb picture quality right up
to the edge of an image.
The X10 FUJNON 4x manual zoom lens (28-112mm), has been treated with Super EBC
(Electron Beam Coating) and "consists of 11 glass lens elements in 9 groups. It
has a wide angle maximum aperture of F2.0 and a maximum telephoto aperture
of F2.8 The optical glass viewfinder has an extra wide 20 degree viewing angle.
The X10 also records movies in Full HD 1080p and has a fun mode called Motion
Panorama 360 for creating in-camera 360 degree panorama pictures.


Approved Ortho-K Night Lenses* for Myopia Correction
Since early 2000s, our 100% topography-based Ortho-K lenses have become the Gold Standard for personalized Orthokeratology. Used by many of the most progressive and advanced Orthokeratology experts around the World, WAVE is the leader and pioneer in custom Ortho-K lens designs.
Design Personalized Ortho-K Lenses for Each Patient
Using the corneal topography data and WAVE lens design tools you can create a personalized Ortho-K lens based on individual needs of each patient. Creating a well-fitting custom Toric or Free Form Ortho-K lens for your patients are achieved in few simple steps. The size and location of the optic zone and treatment zone can be easily modified to achieve optimal results.
Dealing with complicated cases, such as, against-the-rule astigmatism, low eccentricity, or need to create an oval shape treatment zone? WAVE can help! Take your Orthokeratology practice to the next level with the WAVE NightLens®!
Precision Myopia Management
Myopia management demands precision. With the WAVE Contact Lens System you can design a well-fitting lens with a smaller optic zone to correct for myopia and restore clear vision while bending peripheral light to reduce hyperopic defocus, which is associated with eye elongation.
WAVE users can independently adjust the exact placement of the optic zone and treatment zone over pupil center to fine-tune the treatment.
* WAVE NightLens®
is an approved Bausch + Lomb Vision Shaping Treatment (VST


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We have developed optoelectronic packages having optical waveguide holes with core-clad structures for chip-to-chip optical interconnection within computer systems. A rate of 10-Gb/s/ch chip-to-chip optical signal transmission has been demonstrated. The optoelectronic package we have developed consists of two guide pins and four-channel optical waveguide holes. The two guide pins are used to align an optical fiber connector with an optical device. The optical waveguide holes are used to transmit optical signals vertically through the optoelectronic package. Using the optical waveguide holes in the optoelectronic package, and high-quality signal transmission has been achieved.


A planet centroid is an important observable object in autonomous optical navigation. A high-accuracy algorithm is presented to extract the planet centroid from its raw image. First, we proposed a planet segmentation algorithm to segment the planet image block to eliminate noise and to reduce the computation load. Second, we developed an effective algorithm based on Prewitt-Zernike moments to detect sub-pixel real edges by determining possible edges with the Prewitt operator, removing pseudo-edges in backlit shady areas, and relocating real edges to a sub-pixel accuracy in the Zernike moments. Third, we proposed an elliptical model to fit sub-pixel edge points. Finally, we verified the performance of this algorithm against real images from the Cassini-Huygens mission and against synthetic simulated images. Simulation results showed that the accuracy of the planet centroid is up to 0·3 pixels and that of the line-of-sight vector is at 2·1 × 10−5 rad.


Optic Rifle Scopes have become a necessity for modern shooters. Choosing a scope for your AR-15 depends upon several factors with the most important being the range of your rifle.
The most basic type of variable rifle scopes available in the market is the 1-4x scope. Here we’ll be talking about these scopes and their effective use with your AR-15 platform. We’ll also take a look at some of the best 1x-4x scopes available on the market.
Quick Comparison Table of the Best 1-4x Scopes
Leupold VX-2 1-4×20
Nikon M-223 1-4×20
Trijicon Accupoint TR24 1-4×24
Vortex Crossfire II 1-4×24
Bushnell AR Optics 1-4×24mm
What Is A 1-4x Scope?
What are these numbers and what do they mean? If you are a novice with optic scopes, these numbers define the magnifying power of a scope. Magnification refers to the number of times an object can be viewed closer or enlarged. A 1x scope provides one times the magnifying power, a 2x provides two times the magnifying power and so on. This means that with a 2x scope, you can view an object that appears to be two times closer than its present position.
Scopes can have fixed or variable magnifying power. With fixed power scopes, you can attain only a fixed magnifying power while viewing through them. A variable scope offers a wide range of magnifying powers. For example, in a 1x-4x scope, you can attain magnification of 1x, 1.5x, 2x, 2.3x, so on and so forth to a maximum of 4x magnification. Variable scopes are good for taking shots at different distances and for different target sizes.
Another important aspect of an optic scope is the objective lens diameter. For example, if a scope is marked as 1-4 x 24mm, then 24 is the diameter of the objective lens in millimeters. The objective lens is in the front and is the aperture where the light enters the scope. A larger objective lens means more light will enter the scope, which in turn will generate a brighter and clearer image.
Other important factors are the reticles and the focal plane of a scope. A reticle was simply known as a ‘crosshair’ some decades ago, until the advent of the latest, more technically-advanced crosshairs known as reticles. Ranging from Duplex and BDC to mil-dots and illuminated ones, there are numerous reticle types available in the market.
Another important aspect is the focal plane. There are FFP(First Focal Plane) and SFP(Second Focal Plane) scopes available in the market. The basic difference among these is that, while you zoom over the target, the reticle size increases respective to the target in an SFP scope, whereas in an FFP, it does not. SFP scopes are without a doubt amazing for long-range shooting.
One very minor and often overlooked factor to check for in a scope are the target turrets. These turrets have knobs to make adjustments for windage and elevation for long-range shooting. Before buying a scope, you must ensure that target turrets are accurate, easy to use and audible (if that’s available in your price range).
Why Use A 1-4x Scope?
Since we are talking about adding 1-4x scopes to the AR-15, let’s look at some of the reasons this combination makes sense.
Teach The Basics
When a novice learns shooting, the trainer has to explain the fundamentals and basic techniques. A 1x-4x scope is an appropriate choice for teaching anyone about long-range shooting. Of course, here we just mean “longer range than you can handle with the naked eye”.
The AR-15 proves to be an excellent rifle for teaching people to shoot with centerfire rifles. A 1-4x scope ensures that proper basics of shooting through scopes are learned without letting them get bogged down in the more complex adjustments of higher-range scopes
Range Of The Rifle
According to the instruction manual, the effective range of an AR-15 rifle is 550 meters (600 yards). Remember, this is the effective range. If you are shooting heavier subsonic rounds or using bull barrels, you can achieve another 100 - 200 meters, but that’s when you are an expert shooter. A 1-4x scope is quite effective in the normal range, giving you a clear shot at different distances.
Hunting In The Woods
The AR-15 rifles are among the most-loved rifles for hunting in North America. The silent recoil, weight, powerful ammo and easy operation make it a great tool for hunting. If you’ve been on hunting trips (especially for whitetails and mule deer), you might be aware that high magnification scopes are next to useless in dense woods. That’s because once you try higher magnification, all you’ll see will be magnified tree trunks with beetles on them.
1-4x optic scopes offer optimum magnification for quick acquisition of targets over varied distances. Scopes with higher magnifying powers are quite difficult to adjust and you have to struggle to create a perfect sight-picture at short distances. 1-4x scopes offer quick adjustments in line with the range of your AR-15 rifle.
More power means larger lenses, more components and thus a heavier scope. A 1-4x optic scope has a comparatively smaller objective lens, small main tube, and fewer components. This helps reduce its weight, meanwhile keeping it effective at the shorter distances you’ll probably be shooting with your AR-15.
Reviews Of The Best 1-4x Scopes For The AR-15
Let’s take a quick look at some of the best low magnification scopes that’ll mount on your AR-15.
The Leupold VX-2 scope has a variable magnification of 1x - 4x. The 20mm objective lens is large enough to let a good amount of light enter the scope at ranges respective to the scope’s power.
The index-matched lens system and lead-free glass offer a brighter image. A custom dial system lets you adjust the ¼ MOA windage and elevation easily with your fingers. The scope is fully waterproof and the tube is filled with argon/krypton to make it shockproof and durable. The click adjustments let you keep track of the windage and elevation without removing your eye from the ergonomic aperture.
The scope weighs only 8.1 ounces and has a long eye relief of 3.7 - 4.2 inches. This Leupold VX2 scope also features a Second Focal Plane Duplex reticle to let you take precise shots over a long distance.
- Second Focal Plane Duplex Reticle
- Fogproof, Waterproof and Shockproof
- Click adjustments
- Leupold Lifetime Guarantee
- Doesn’t have a zero stop
- No holdover reticle
- No Sunshade
A masterpiece from Nikon, the M223 has been specifically designed to fit your AR-15. The 1-4x scope features a 20mm objective lens which creates bright images for the effective range of an AR-15. The wide field of view and point-blank reticle provide quick and effortless target acquisition. The patented ultra-clear-coat optical system provides an incredibly flat sight picture and maximum light transmission.
The elevated target turrets offer precise ½ MOA adjustment for windage and elevation. Nikon’s eye box technology offers a constant 4” eye relief. The single-piece main body construction is nitrogen-filled and O-ring sealed. The scope is waterproof, shock-proof and fog-proof.
- Enhanced ring mount spacing. Can be attached to any rifle including magnums
- Eye box technology with a constant 4” eye relief
- Point Blank Reticle
- Single Piece durable main body
- Weighs 13 ounces, which is a bit more than its counterparts
The Trijicon Accupoint TR24 optical rifle scope has a 1-4x magnification with a large 24mm objective lens. The scope features a tri-dot illuminated reticle which does not require batteries to operate. The fiber-optic technology automatically adjusts the illumination of the reticle (this is available with a manual override option).
The tritium phosphor lamp illuminates the reticle in low to no light. The illuminated reticle does not project any light through the front objective lens. Sealed in a high-grade aluminum casing, the multi-coated lenses provide superior clarity with zero distortion.
- Illuminated Triangle Reticle with SFP
- Battery-free Operation due to tritium phosphor lamp
- Auto-adjustment of the illumination with manual override as well
- Aircraft-grade aluminum body
- Zero Forward Emission
- A bit heavier than its counterparts(14 ounces)
The Vortex Crossfire II riflescope features multicoated lenses for acquiring a clean and clear target image. The scope has been sealed with inert gases to keep it fog-proof, shock-proof and waterproof under harsh weather conditions. The anodized aircraft-grade aluminum body makes the scope durable and apt for hunting trips.
The fast-focus eyepiece, complemented by an illuminated center-dot reticle. allows quick and easy target acquisition. The elevated target turrets allow re-indexing of the turret to zero after sighting in the riflescope. The scope is backed by an unlimited lifetime warranty by Vortex. Exceptional for 3-gun competitions.
- Illuminated Reticle
- Dot reticle with Duplex Crosshairs
- Aircraft-grade aluminum construction
- Fast-focus eyepiece and long eye relief
- Backed by an unlimited lifetime warranty
- Heavy (16 ounces)
- Effective with live batteries only
As the name suggests, this scope from Bushnell has been designed exclusively for the AR-15. Fully multi-coated optics provide incredible brightness to the sight picture. The Drop Zone 223 BDC reticle has caliber-specific markings and aiming points out to 500 yards to shoot every bullet with pinpoint accuracy.
- Quality Construction
- Multi-coated optics
- BDC 223 Ballistic Reticle
- Excellent eye-relief
- Best value for the money
- Comparatively Heavy
- Reticles not illuminated
Relative to the range of an AR-15, 1-4x scopes are an apt choice for taking short, mid- and long-range shots. Factors such as magnification, objective lens size, focal plane and reticles affect the effectiveness of a scope.
1-4x scopes have a wide field of view (FOV) and are easily adjustable, making them great for hunting and 3 gun competitions. Illuminated reticles may or may not be a concern while choosing 1-4x scopes because of your hunting habits and law regulations. By far, 1-4x scopes are perfect for your AR-15 if you’re not really looking to go sniping.


Application Note: Capture Brilliance with the Celena S
25 April 2017
This brochure provides an overview of the Celena S from Logo Biosystems. The Celena S is an all-in-one digital imagining system, for your benchtop. It is equipped with advanced optics, highly sensitive CMOS sensor and digitally controlled LED light source.


High CRI (96+) LED Downlight kit
Wider beam highr CRI downlight
Australian made LED downlight fantastic performance and service.
Australian made LED downlight, industry leading performance.
Australian made LED downlight - best color rendering and brightness
The DL7-1400 in a cube housing. Greater gimbal movment and a corporate look
Australian made commercial downlight.
High performance recessed commercial led downlight...
High performance commercial led downlight
High lumen downlight for domestic and commercial application
7W LED MR16 Bulb for direct halogen bulb replacement.
10W LED MR16 \bulb for direct halogen bulb replacement.
Top quality UK made phase cut dimmable led driver
Phase cut dimmer designed for LED Downlights
7W LED DOWNLIGHT
7x 1W LED Downlight
15W LED DOWNLIGHT
900 lumens - get those electricity hungry halogens out!
12W - LED Downlight
Before the dollar dropped we stocked up on these bright 12W LED Downlights.
3.6W 12V Garden light
ideal for replacing halogens in your garden lighting or camping etc
FLEXIBLE STRIP LIGHTING
Quality 12V led strip lighting for under cabinet, accent and architectural
PANEL LIGHT 600x600
A high CRI, super bright backlit LED Panel light.
Custom made linear lighting has many advantages over strip lighting.


It comes with a camera and objects of different shapes and colors to allow you to study topics such as image recognition, machine learning and Artificial Intelligence thanks to the contribution of vision.
The Workspace, also included in the Vision Set, is designed to work horizontally, vertically or even tilted. Its design, based on nano-suction technology, makes it sticky and repositionable.
Connect it to the robot via the Ned2 rear panel
using the USB 3.0 ports;
Open the visual programming interface (Blockly).
Calibrate the workspace. Use the new blocks
to perform advanced functions.
Write a script in the desired programming language;
Use the new functions introduced by the vision set.
Niryo Studio 2 Beta
Discover our new ultra-intuitive interface for developing your robotic potential. Many new features :
- Integration of a Python IDE
- 3D preview
and more ...


Spending time with those we love is a pleasure culminative. There will always be moments more precious rare that can leave a lasting impression in our hearts. To maintain the integrity of those precious moments, it is now one of the leading camera manufacturers have to be exact NIKON camera series very suitable for beginners. So if you are a newcomer to the world of photography and want to buy a camera or confused to choose what type of camera, the camera NIKON D3300 series could be the first choice reliable.
Although NIKON D3300 series is not a new product, but the quality of shots produced by this camera is undoubtedly since first launching in January 2014. For these types of members DSLR camera is priced by NIKON price is still relatively affordable at around 5.5 million rupiah. Among the advantages possessed NIKON D3300 is:
SENSOR & PROCESSOR
NIKON D3300 is a compact and versatile camera with a DX-format 24.2 megapixel CMOS sensor and EXPEED image processor 4. The combination of sensor and processor best on this camera is able to produce images with a resolution high enough. In low light the position of the ISO sensitivity can be expanded up to 25600, and up to 5 fps continuous shooting and video recording capabilities can last up to Full HD 1080p.In addition to the above advantages, the design of sensors embedded in the camera can eliminate the traditional optical low-pass filter aagar can produce maximum sharpness and good resolution when shooting photos or when creating a video. Completeness of assets in the NIKON D3300 adds more complete with 11-point autofocus system, so that the camera can focus your project quickly and accurately in all lighting conditions.
Type NIKON D3300 lens is the AF-S DX NIKKOR 18-55mm f / 3.5-5.6G VR II lens, with a 35mm standard zoom (equivalent focal length range 27-82.5mm). This lens incorporates VR image stabilization system that is strong enough. VR system in the camera helps to minimize the appearance of camera shake in clips up to four shutter speed steps. Wow, pretty high right shutter speed of this camera. Then the camera is also equipped with super integrated lens coatings are useful to reduce flare and ghosting in the resulting photos and videos. Furthermore NIKON D3300 camera lens can be removed from the camera body and can be replaced with the NIKON F mount lenses.
Various wireless options for connectivity with smartphones or tablets can be achieved through module Nikon WU-1a or Eye-Fi SD card. The camera adapter can be used to provide Wi-Fi connectivity. With so many advantages contained in the entry-level camera of this kind, we can control the camera remotely could also transfer files in a way that is very easy and fast. Quite effective and efficient instead.
Hopefully the above article can answer the anxiety you in selecting the appropriate camera for beginners or entry-level. And lastly NIKON D3300 camera make your real friends in an adventure in the world of photography.


When we are unable to see a distant object, then it is due to one of these reasons:
- Our eyes lack the sufficient angular resolution to recognize the object.
- Atmospheric condition limits visibility.
- The object is far enough and obscured by Earth’s curvature.
Some flat-Earthers like to show that a previously unseen distant object can be brought into view using infrared vision. They would take that as ‘evidence’ of the non-existence of Earth’s curvature. They are wrong. Infrared vision can reveal hidden objects caused by visibility limitations, but not ones obscured by Earth’s curvature.
Using infrared vision might alleviate some visibility limitations. Infrared vision can see through mist or fog, and reveal an object previously unseen using our normal vision.
But if Earth’s curvature already obscures the object, then no amount of infrared vision can bring it back into view. It is the other way around. Infrared is refracted less than visible light. Due to this reason, infrared vision might actually ‘hide’ an object previously seen using our normal vision.


May 2007SRI International, Products/Services & Physical Sciences Divs.Request Info
The Cam1M100-SFT from Sarnoff Corp. is a split-frame-transfer CCD imager that delivers 1024 × 512-pixel images at 190 fps for industrial inspection, remote sensing and biological imaging. Each pixel is 16 × 16 μm. The camera features 16 output taps, a large imaging area, 100% fill factor and high quantum efficiency. It is back-illuminated and designed for use with dual base configuration ports or two single-port cards with a third-party Camera Link frame grabber card.


Image Formation by a Diverging Lens
You can move the object around by either clicking and dragging or just clicking in the location of your choice. A diverging lens always forms an upright virtual image. The image appears on the left of the lens as a gray arrow.
This applet shows: two arrows, a diverging lens, and rays of light being emitted by the red arrow. The red arrow is the object, while the gray arrow is the virtual image that results after the rays have passed through the lens. The applet also displays two foci shown as blue dots.
The image formed by a diverging lens can be made using only three principal rays:
- Ray 1 is the ray which travels parallel to the axis and after going through the lens it passes through the focal point.
- Ray 2 passes through the center of the lens.
- Ray 3 goes through the focal point and then travels parallel to the axis after passing through the lens.
Unlike in the converging lens case, the rays do not intersect. Instead the mind assumes the image to be at an imaginary point which is derived by extending the rays and then taking the intersection of the extensions. The extensions are shown in green. Thus any point on the object can be mapped, using the rays above, into a corresponding point on the image.
Ray tracing is a useful technique, but it usually involves a drawing of
some sort. A more practical way is not as complete but is much simpler. You can find the
distance of the image from the lens by the following equation: 1/di + 1/do
= 1/f, where di is the distance from the lens to the image, do
is the distance from the object to the lens, and f is the focal distance of the
Note that for the diverging mirror f should be negative. This ensures that di is negative and that the image is on the left of the lens (a virtual image), this is the only possibility for a diverging lens.


Microscope DARK FIELD
The PRO 2010 is an excellent high powered microscope for Dark Field application for water or live blood viewing application.
When coupled with the Truechrome HDMI camera that has simultaneous HDMI and USB application, clients can see the screen and images can be saved into computer or onto onboard SD card.
- Super bright 10W LED in base (little heat)
- HDMI camera 60f/sec (no jitter) full 1080P (1920 x1080) simultaneous HDMI/USB output
- Efficient Dark Field condenser
- High quality Plan achromatic objectives the PL 100x with iris diaphragm
- Coupler 0.65x C mount adjustable to ensure parfocality with eyepieces.
This microscope was developed to do Dark field microscopy. Other cameras can be substituted depending on users application.
Please contact us for pricing etc
Please click on images taken with PRO2010 and Truechrome HDMI camera to see at full resolution.


The RGBLink 20x NDI PTZ Camera For Live Streaming
- You’ll be able to see things that are hard to see with the naked eye.
- Zoom in on any subject without losing quality.
- Share your thoughts and ideas with the world.
- Get the perfect shot every time.
- Capture high-quality footage in any lighting.
- Be confident that you’ll have the best video possible.
- NDI Support onboard
- 20x high-speed optical zoom
- High performance in low light with Wide Dynamic Range
- White Balance control
- 1920x1080p FullHD camera resolution up to 60fps
- HDMI & SDI outputs
The RGBLink 20x NDI PTZ Camera is a perfect addition to any church or business looking to implement video streaming services. It employs a 1/2.8 inch high-quality CMOS sensor and features multiple network protocols including the remote desktop protocol, which makes it the ideal tool for webcasting as well as video conferencing needs alike. Rain or shine, this camera fits your busy lifestyle with its ability to stream low-quality images without interruption.
Say goodbye to the problems of limited bandwidth. Say hello to a clear, crisp resolution. When it comes to NDI resolutions up to 1920×1080@60fps without any compromise, this PTZ camera is the one for you! With advanced ISP processing algorithms and a 1/2.8 inch high-quality CMOS sensor for vivid image quality with depth and fantastic color rendition, why not give this High-Resolution PTZ Camera System the ultimate test today?


Protection from Digital Device Blue Light
Anti Reflective Lenses, Get Protection From Digital Device Blue Light
A next-gen and sophisticated anti reflective lenses coating that filters out the high-energy harmful blue light emitted by artificial lighting and digital device, while still allowing beneficial blue-turquoise light to pass through.
It improves contrasts without distorting colour vision to provide strain-free, enhanced visual experience and protects eyes with an advanced anti-reflection technology. Lustraa Blue+ lenses are more attractive and enhance the cosmetic look of the wearer.
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It's impressive enough that scientists have developed tiny pill-size cameras that allow physicians to view images inside a patient's intestine--now, in the not-to-distant future those cameras may come with remote control, allowing physicians to steer and stop the device as they would a vehicle.
Currently, patients can swallow a camera--the same way they would a hard candy--which transmits images to an external receiver attached to a belt worn by the patient, allowing the physician to identify any hemorrhages or cysts. But until now there has been no way to control the camera's speed as it travels through the esophagus to the stomach. Thus, patients with potential problems in the esophagus or stomach still have to swallow a thick endoscope.
Now, those hard-to-get images are within reach, according to researchers from the Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering in Sankt Ingbert who developed the idea and are working to refine it with engineers from the manufacturer Given Imaging, the Israelite Hospital in Hamburg and the Royal Imperial College in London.
“In future, doctors will be able to stop the camera in the esophagus, move it up and down and turn it, and thus adjust the angle of the camera as required,” said research team leader Dr. Frank Volke, in a news release. “We have developed a magnetic device roughly the size of a bar of chocolate. The doctor can hold it in his hand during the examination and move it up and down the patient’s body. The camera inside follows this motion precisely,” Dr. Volke explained.
Researchers have already tried out a prototype on themselves and reported that the camera passed the test of staying in the esophagus for about 10 minutes, even if the patient is sitting upright.


Scientists at Aston University (Birmingham, England) have demonstrated what they are calling the longest-ever fiber laser, with a 75-km cavity length.1 This virtually lossless fiber span-with amplitude variations below the accuracy of their measurement technique-is the first implementation of a nonlinear system integrated in a fiber waveguide in which power losses as a function of distance are continuously compensated by propagating the signal inside an ultralong Raman fiber laser. Their demonstration is the realization of nearly lossless optical transmission-a decades-long dream for the telecommunications industry.
In the experimental setup, a length of single-mode silica-based optical fiber is pumped at both ends with lasers operating at 1360 nm (see figure). The laser cavity for the secondary pumping wave at 1455 nm is created by two Bragg-grating reflector elements with a central frequency in the vicinity of 1455 nm. When the power in the pump lasers is above the threshold at which stimulated Raman scattering overcomes the fiber attenuation at the central frequency of the gratings, the fiber span becomes an ultralong laser, generating a secondary pump due to amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). The forward and backward propagation of the secondary pump varies little along the fiber length, creating nearly constant Raman gain at the optimized signal frequency of 1550 nm, which is common for telecommunications applications.
The technique is applicable to a variety of fiber span lengths. For the 75‑km fiber span, low-signal-excursion transmission was achieved by pumping the cavity with 1322 mW from the primary pump lasers. The Bragg gratings had a reflectivity of 98% and a center wavelength of 1455 nm. Over the 75-km fiber span, a signal-power variation of 1.35 dB was observed. And experiments on a 20‑km-long fiber span pumped at 351 mW showed virtually lossless transmission of 0.001 dB (predicted variation according to the theoretical model should be lower than 0.005 dB). Using a tunable laser operating between 1520 and 1580 nm, power variation over a broad wavelength range for the 75-km span was observed to be less than 2.5 dB for any wavelength in that range.
The secret to the lossless transmission of the fiber span is a symmetric design of the cavity for the secondary pump and careful selection of the pump-laser wavelengths and power levels as they relate to the Bragg-grating center frequency and length of optical fiber. A series of mathematical calculations help derive the pump characteristics, including the threshold requirement on input pump power and the growth of radiation seeded at the secondary pump.
Practical implementation of the lossless fiber link could be important for transmission with low signal powers (with ASE noise as the main limiting factor) and for systems where fiber nonlinearity plays some positive role, such as in devices using soliton techniques. “We believe that the amplification technique based on ultralong fiber lasers could be a new enabling technology in transmission with very long amplification spans,” notes scientist Sergei Turitsyn. “Even more exciting, the created lossless fiber medium can have interesting applications in all-optical nonlinear data processing, opening methods to the design of photonic devices based on a mathematical theory of integrable nonlinear systems, with functionalities that cannot be achieved in linear optical devices.”
1. J. Diego Ania-Castañón et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 023902 (January 2006).


Cameras 2019 - Normal Lense, Standard lenses | photography mad, A standard lens, also known as a "normal lens", is one which produces an image that roughly matches what the human eye sees, and which looks natural to the viewer. it sits between the telephoto lens and the wide angle lens, which produce unnaturally zoomed-in and zoomed-out images respectively.. Normal lenses from guide to camera lenses: choosing the, The first big set of lenses that we're gonna look at are normal lenses. and so when we talk about a normal lens we're talking about a normal angle of view. for fullframe that's a 50 millimeter lens. for a crop from around a 35, and for the micro four thirds it's gonna be around a 25 millimeter lens.. Normal lens rental | rent standard lenses | borrowlenses, Rent standard lenses at competitive rates with borrowlenses. we have a great selection of normal lenses available for pickup or delivery..
Normal Lense - the normal lens - part 1
the lens is the clear part of the eye behind the iris that helps to focus light on the retina. the lens . in young people it is normally perfectly clear and quite elastic. the angry photographer: the real secret of fx & dx normal lenses. nikon lens secrets to save you $$
Talk:normal lens - wikipedia, In the case of a normal lens, that's equivalent to "normal viewing distance" equal to print diagonal. so, yes, they're closely related concepts. dicklyon 01:44, 18 march 2009 (utc) digital photography section. definitely needs a split between tv lenses (were movie standards works) and digital still phototography.. What’s a “normal” lens? and why is my 18mm lens, By definition, the focal length equal to the diagonal of the imaging sensor is “normal.” examining the geometry, 35mm film is 24mm × 36mm and has a diagonal of 43.2mm. examining the geometry, 35mm film is 24mm × 36mm and has a diagonal of 43.2mm.. Wide angle lenses, normal lenses, & telephoto lenses, A "telephoto" lens is one that has a longer focal length than normal, which produces greater magnification of the object and creates a narrower field of view than the normal lens. the terms "wide angle" and telephoto" are not exact in describing a lens..


Watching television with the latest 3D technology is truly an awesome experience, tricking your brain into believing that the images you see are actually coming out of the TV and into the room.
3D television is created by using images to mimic the way that our eyes work in normal life. As our eyes are about three inches apart, each eye takes in our surroundings from a slightly different perspective and the brain then merges the two images together, using the difference between them to gauge distance and depth. 3D technology works by recreating this process, displaying two slightly different images which the glasses then separate.
Different manufacturers have developed their 3D imagery using varying techniques, which means different types of glasses need to be used. For example, Sony Active Shutter glasses are specially designed to work with Sony’s own BRAVIA 3D TV technology, so it is worth researching the benefits of each to decide which would be most suitable for you.
Active Shutter technology is based on the high frame rate of the 3D TV, which sends different pictures consecutively to the left and right lens of the specially designed Active Shutter glasses. Each lens of these glasses is filled with liquid crystal, which closes for a fragment of a second so that the relevant pictures are only exposed to one eye at a time.
Cinema 3D technology is similar to that which has been used for a few years to screen 3D films in the cinemas. The Cinema 3D TVs use glasses containing polarising filters which separate the images by only allowing similarly polarised light through each lens, causing each eye to see a different image.
Not sure which glasses you need? See our full range of 3D glasses