An motion camera is a separate class of video cameras, which has rapidly gained its recognition. The thought Prime lens is 35mm, produce a very good and clear high quality, and it is the best for all type of pictures because it is close to human eyes. An example of this type of digital camera is the Canon PowerShot G10 three that retails for about $470-$500. This new age camera is GPS appropriate and also allows you to resize your photos to attach in your Emails. Cameras which take single exposures on sheet film and are functionally similar to plate cameras were used for static, excessive-image-high quality work; for much longer in 20th century, see Large-format camera , beneath. And no matter whether or not you’re a novice or an skilled photographer, you possibly can browse eBay to seek out one of the best camera for you, be it mirrorless or an SLR (single lens reflex).
At 6400 ISO and mix that with a quick glass you now can shoot at nighttime with the OMD-EM5 Mark II. A sport changer within the mirror-less camera market and this camera glad most shooters on the market. Olympus additionally release a 1.4X converter however right now it only works with the PRO f/2.8 lens from what I’ve learn to date. An event shooter can mount the flash, turn the pinnacle 90º to the fitting, and then simply elevate and lower it from portrait to landscape orientation to perfectly match the light angle to the camera. I knew with full confidence the camera will not fail me, I simply wanted the chance to current itself and I pounced on it. The brand new Olympus M.Zuiko ED 14-150mm f/four-5.6 II Lens gives you all of the range you want from large to tremendous telephoto. Compare Digital SLR Camera Critiques Photograph Retailers in Singapore, Inexpensive Camera Deal at a lowest value in Camera Deal In City, Camera Singapore!
Personally I am already very pleased with the JPEG’s that my Olympus produces and ninety eight% of them go straight out of the camera by way of Apple Foto’s into the cloud. This lens are available with a lens massive lens pouch and a brief but included lens hood. The APSC sensor with excessive mega pixel means that you can enlarge your photos and get the same final result as knowledgeable Canon camera.
A blind inside the camera covers the movie previous to and after the publicity (however will not be designed to be able to give precisely controlled publicity instances) and a leaf shutter that is normally open is installed in the lens. Check out an expansive collection of cameras that includes camcorders , digital cameras and camera drones And you’ll find action cameras, safety cameras and even underwater cameras. The row of gap along the edge of film to permit the camera to move it. In 35mm film there’s a row on both edge.
The camera is outstanding, detracting from the required objectivity of the file, but Thompson walked away throughout the lengthy exposure and can’t be seen, thereby managing to suggest that the camera had taken it with out intervention (in another example of his mirror pictures from the identical yr he’s standing behind his gear).


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Different numbers are related to different physical dimensions of the chip. The numbers 5050, 3528, 2835, etc. are related to the chip size in millimeters. Some LEDs are brighter than others, and some emit more light per watt.
LED strip lighting can be manufactured with various LED chips. The numbers you see 3528 and 5050 refer to the size of the chip. The old-fashioned stripes that have been popular for a few years are the size seen above. At present, there are smaller and more efficient LED chips on the market, with sizes of 2835, 3014, 5630, and 3020, which are used properly and each has its own merits. No "one" chip can rule all of these. To
Simply put, these LED chips are called SMD 5050 because the size of the chip is 5.0mm x 5.0mm. They have 3 LED diodes in one housing (sometimes called three-chip), and they are much brighter than a single 3528 LED chip.
You can use them when you need to provide slight lighting for the project area, especially RGB color changing lights. Theoretically speaking, comparing the same number of chips, the light output of the SMD 5050 LEDs can provide 3 times that of the 3528 strips. Therefore, the 5050 LEDs are very suitable for illuminating areas that may experience high levels of ambient light. However, due to their large size, the number you can mount on the PCB is limited. There are some brightness limitations when using 5050s in this way.
Although their smaller chips generate more heat, they are still far below other lighting options. These types of LEDs require thicker PCBs to take heat away from the chip.
The difference between the 5050 and the 3528 LED is that the 5050 can combine three different chips into the housing to produce millions of color changes.
Although 5050 chips can be used for monochrome applications, we found that 5050 LEDs are more suitable for RGB, and high-density 3528 SMD LEDs are more suitable for monochrome applications.
They are called SMD3528 because the size of the chip is 3.5mm * 2.8mm. These LED chips (one LED for each chip) are very bright, but not as bright as the side-by-side 5050. However, when used in large quantities, it will be brighter than comparable strips of 5050s.
These lights are very suitable for TV backlighting, colorful splash walls, crown molding and image accent lighting, tables and cabinets, bars, etc.
3528 LEDs may be the most cost-effective, but alone will not be as bright compared to 5050 chips, but when there are 600 LEDs on a reel, they can be brighter than 5050 strips.
Buying tips: When comparing LED strip lighting between companies, if two competing strips use the same chip, please check how many LEDs there are on the strip and check the lumen output to determine the brightness.
To Note how many LEDs per foot or meter. When looking for bright LED light bars, make sure to compare Apple to Apple, because not all LED light bars are made the same way.


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DILAS Introduces New High-Brightness, High Efficiency, Fiber-Coupled Modules Based on Tailored Mini-Bar Architecture
The tailored mini-bar architecture is an innovative breakthrough by DILAS and is specifically designed to realize high brightness output while maximizing fiber-coupling efficiency for an overall high efficiency product. The tailored mini-bar was developed so that the optical parameter of the emission fit into the 200-micron fiber with the most simple and inexpensive optics. This device is a monothical-multi single emitter source which takes advantage of handling multiple emitters during each individual manufacturing step to lower complexity and overall costs.
With scalable concepts further modules will soon be available, such as 976nm, 200W, 200µm and 976nm, 500W, 200µm.
These fiber-coupled, multi-bar modules are ideal for direct diode applications as well as for fiber and solid-state laser pumping.
The use of information published here for personal information and editorial processing is generally free of charge. Please clarify any copyright issues with the stated publisher before further use. In the event of publication, please send a specimen copy to email@example.com.


Typologization of models of rolling stock elements in the process of their identification
Paper discussed the problem of rolling stock elements identification and recognition of loads. For evaluation of the object shape and position, in the tests are used laser sensors such as mid-range distance sensors, automation light grids and 2D laser measurement sensors. For the creation of digital models of the studied objects and their subsequent identification there was developed a computer application working in Matlab programming environment. Typologization of models of rolling stock elements accelerate calculations and increase the effectiveness of the conducted identification.
Moczarski J., Identyfikacja taboru w zarządzaniu transportem kolejowym, „Autobusy” 2018, nr 6.
Moczarski J., Identyfikacja elementów taboru kolejowego z wykorzystaniem sensorów laserowych, „TTS” 2017, nr 12.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


Wet Film Thickness Sensor/Device for Navy Platforms
Department of Defense
Agency Tracking Number:
Solicitation Topic Code:
Small Business Information
ACREE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
308 Jackson St., Suite 2, Oakland, CA, 94607
Socially and Economically Disadvantaged:
AbstractThe purpose of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of using an infrared radiation detection system to accurately measure the thickness of marine paint as it is being applied. The measurement will be used to control ship automated paint application systems. The proposed measurement technique is robust and will allow the system to be constructed from inexpensive, off-the-shelf fiber optic components.
* information listed above is at the time of submission.


The idea of the use of “infrared heating” comes originally from “sauna infrared therapy” widely used in Japan, USA and some European countries (mostly North Europe and Germany) . An infrared sauna heats up the human body using infrared light (coming from infrared lamps or infrared heaters) that, in contrast with the traditional finish sauna, it doesn’t heat up the air surrounding the body, but it emits infrared light that is absorbed by the skin surface. The heat itself comes from the thermal radiation (electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of charged particles in the surface of the skin) without heating the room.
Graphite is made of Carbon. After we break the Graphite and make it become very tiny particles, we discovered the Graphite particles not only keep its thermal function but also emit Far-infrared. Fibers of G+ fabric are infused countless Graphite particles, and enhance the “warming up” fabric to a brand new level.


oVio Technologies, a biometric dimensional imagery technologies provider, has partnered with AVRA Medical Robotics, a provider of medical robotic solutions, to boost autonomous robotic development in the medical industry.
Under the new partnership, AVRA is set to use oVio’s imaging technology to assist the development of its unique Instrument Guidance System (AIGS).
The 360-degree dimensional imaging technology developed by oVio is claimed to offer precise navigation and accurate targeting to robotic medical and aesthetic procedures.
AVRA would use the imaging technology to ‘robotize’ a broad range of medical procedures including biopsies, tissue targeting, neurological repair, and internal organ procedures, that are currently being performed by human hands.
oVio said that its innovative 2D and 3D imaging platform includes 360-degree, high-definition camera that work with machine learning algorithms and neural networks, to create comprehensive 3D models of human subjects.
In addition, the image files enhance the capabilities of image-centric computer vision, machine learning and AI technologies. oVio’s technology is also being used in identification management systems and entertainment media.
oVio Technologies CEO George Rebensdorf said: “The aging population is rapidly increasing, while the number of medical specialists is on a serious decline – making the necessity of finding solutions to this specialist shortage vital.
“By partnering with AVRA, we aim to help its medical robotics team implement to create a fully autonomous surgical robot that can see and understand the nuances of the human body and help alleviate the need for many specialists.”
Recently, oVio has partnered with OrangeTwist, a network of aesthetic treatment centres, to offer its 360-degree dimensional imaging technology for the OrangeTwist’s Newport Beach and South Bay locations.
Under the partnership, OrangeTwist is expected to leverage the imaging technology for all treatment consultations, to facilitate patients experience treatments in a new and realistic way.
oVio said that its patented dimensional imaging technology includes a high-resolution camera that rotates around the patient in 12 seconds and produces a 360-degree video of the patient in full dimension.
In addition, the technology is capable of producing accurate 3D files, for precise recording of client results. It displays the results side by side, enabling clients to clearly see the results of their procedures.


Fiber optic cables provide a reliable and fast method of data transfer. However, it’s simply impossible to make a single fiber long enough to match the length of cable necessary for most networks. This is where fiber fusion splicing comes into play, which is a technique of making fiber joints by fusing fiber ends together, forming a single long fiber. Fusion splicing is a permanent, low-loss, high-strength joint, Fusion splicing your fiber optic cables by using a fusion splicer will give you the length you need.
The principle of fusion splicing is that the two bare fiber ends (coatings removed with a Fujikura fiber cleaver) are fused together under the influence of heat. More precisely, the fiber ends are initially brought in close contact, with a small gap in between. After heating them for a short while such that the surfaces melt, they are pushed together, such that the ends fuse together.
Fusion splicer is needed during Fusion splicing. It is a high precision piece of optical equipment used to fuse, or melt, fiber optic strand ends together. Fiber Splices can be required at building entrances, wiring closets, couplers, and between a transmitter and receiver.
There are several types of fusion splicers available on the market, varying in features and capability, and of course cost. They are manufactured by companies such as Fujikura, Siecor, Sumitomo, Ericsson and Fitel.
Full-Featured – Includes machines that are fully automatic, provide extremely low splice losses by aligning the cores of the fibers, and have plenty of special features to make splicing as easy as possible.
Mass – Includes machines that can splice ribbon fibers from 2-24 fibers. Also splice single fiber.
Arc fusion splicer can splice single fibers or 4, 8, 12 and 24 fiber count ribbon fibers at the same time. The small size of the fusion splice and the development of automated fusion splicer machines have made electric arc fusion one of the most popular splicing techniques in commercial applications. The fusion splicers offer sophisticated, computer controlled alignment of Fiber Optic cables to achieve loss as low as 0.02 dB.
Micro – Includes machines that are very portable, yet still maintain many of the features of the full-featured machines. Still fully automatic. Micro splicers typically use Fixed V-groove technology for fiber alignment.
Manual – Includes machines that are not automatic. Require more user skill, but are the least expensive available.
Fujikura fusion splicers from FiberStore Technology are widely regarded as some of the best optical fiber splicers in the industry. They are well known for their extensive features, exceptional performance and dependable reliability. Optical network technicians know that they can depend on them to deliver flawless splices time after time. The Fujikura product line consists of an extensive variety of fiber splice kit that will enable you to capably handle all of the possible splicing scenarios you could encounter. It includes everything from single fiber fusion splicers to mass fusion splicers and ribbon splicers. In addition Fujikura offers a variety of portable fiber splicers for field work.
Typical Fujikura fusion splicers are Fujikura FSM-60R Mass Fiber Fusion Splicer and Fujikura Single Fiber Arc FSM-60S Fusion Splicer. The FSM-60S splices a fiber in 9 seconds and heats a 60mm splice sleeve in 30 seconds, for a total cycle time of only 49 seconds. The FSM-60S Fusion Splicer offers construction able to resist shock, dust or moisture and it has a removable sheath clamp for FuseConnect or other fiber holders. The FSM-60S also has automatic arc calibration and fiber indentification, an automatic tube heater, can withstand a 30″ drop and keep on splicing plus the case showed below actually doubles as a workstation!


Transient and stable color centers created by optical pumping at 308 nm have been studied in Ce3+:YLiF4. Since the color centers are absorptive at the cerium emission wavelengths, they degrade the Ce3+:YLiF4 laser performance. The color centers are produced following a multiphoton ionization of the Ce3+ ions. Rate equations that incorporate both creation and photobleaching processes are developed to model the observed kinetics and intensity dependence of the color-center density. Measurements of the single-pass gain at 325 nm as a function of the repetition rate of the pump laser are interpreted in terms of the relaxation time of the transient centers.
© 1989 Optical Society of America
Original Manuscript: November 3, 1988
Manuscript Accepted: March 1, 1989
Published: July 1, 1989
Ki-Soo Lim and D. S. Hamilton, "Optical gain and loss studies in Ce3+:YLiF4," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 1401-1406 (1989)


Washington, September 25 (ANI): By linking the twin, 10-meter telescopes in Hawaii, astronomers at the W. M. Keck Observatory discovered an extended, double-layered dust disk orbiting 51 Ophiuchi, a star that is 410 light-years from Earth.
It is the first time the Keck Interferometer Nuller instrument has identified such a compact cloud around a star so far away.
The new data suggest that 51 Ophiuchi is a protoplanetary system with a dust cloud that orbits extremely close to its parent star, according to University of Maryland astronomer Christopher Stark, who led the research team.
Keck Observatory operates one of the largest optical interferometers in the United States.
The interferometer provides high precision resolution measurements equal to a telescope as large as the distance that separates the telescope's primary mirrors - 85 meters in the case of the Keck twins.
In April 2007, the team simultaneously pointed both Keck telescopes at the star 51 Ophiuchi, or 51 Oph, and used the Interferometer's Nuller, a technique to combine the incoming light in a particular way, to block the unwanted starlight of 51 Oph and measure faint adjacent signals from the dust cloud surrounding the star.
According to the observations, excess material orbited 51 Oph.
Stark and his collaborators repeated the nulling measurements at several different wavelengths of light and combined this data with information from other telescopes to determine the shape and orientation of the material as well as the sizes of the dust grains.
The data suggest that two debris disks orbit 51 Oph.
The inner disk has larger grains, roughly 10 micrometers or larger in diameter, and extends out to four astronomical units, or AUs, beyond the star.
The second disk comprised of mainly 0.1 micrometer grains extends from roughly seven AU to 1200 AU.
"51 Oph's inner, compact dust disk is one of the most compact dust clouds ever detected, and the new Keck Interferometer Nuller observations demonstrate the instrument's ability to detect dust clouds a hundred times smaller than a conventional telescope can observe," Stark said.
His team's data also indicates that the cloud around 51 Oph is 100,000 times more dense than the dust cloud circling the Solar System. (ANI)


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Lorell® LED Magnifying Clamp Lamp, Black Item # 454404
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Magnifying lamp features a 5-diopter, 4" glass lens that magnifies items by 225 percent to give you an up-close look at your items. The long, adjustable arm provides a 30" reach to easily observe large or small items. Nonreplaceable, 9.4-watt LED creates a bright light to ensure your items are brightly illuminated. Magnifying lamp with a metal clamp is designed to attach to surfaces up to 2-1/2" in thickness.
|material||Glass Lens; Metal Clamp|
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This class is not scheduled this semester.
|Prerequisite:||ECE 581B4; PH 142; MATH 340 or MATH 345, may be taken concurrently|
|Course Description:||Operating principles of optical biosensors based on changes in refractive index such as thin films, ring-resonators, Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and other evanescent wave sensors. Basic supporting optical concepts including thin-film interference, optical waveguides and evanescent waves. Credit not allowed for both ECE581B6 and BIOM581B6.|
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Discovered by Nobel laureate C. V. Raman in 1928, Raman spectroscopy is an analytical technique based on the scattering of light, and has proven to be of great use to forensic investigations. The Raman spectrometer consists of a number of principal components: a light source to produce the incident light, a prism or mirror and focusing lenses to direct the beam towards the sample, and a spectrometer for the detection of scattered light.
A beam of monochromatic light (light of a single colour) is introduced to the sample, typically using a laser as the source. When light impinges on a substance, the majority of it will be absorbed or pass through the sample. However a small fraction of this light is scattered, and it is the scattered light that is of interest in Raman spectroscopy. The light will be scattered in one of two ways; elastic scattering (also known as Rayleigh scattering) or inelastic scattering (known as Raman Scattering).
When Rayleigh scattering occurs, a photon interacts with a molecule in such a way that it is raised to a virtual energy state. This state is very short-lived and the molecule soon returns to its ground state, releasing a photon of equal energy to the initial photon. In this instance the light does not lose or gain energy during the scattering process and thus the scattered light has the same wavelength as the excitation source.
However Raman scattering, or inelastic scattering, involves some kind of change in energy and thus a change in wavelength. When light encounters molecules in the sample, they can interact in such a way that energy can be either lost of gained by the scattered photons. The shift in frequency corresponding to the energy difference between the incident photon and the scattered photon is the Raman shift. This can occur as either a Stokes shift (in which the emitted photon has lost energy) or an anti-Stokes shift (emitted photon has gained energy). These shifts are detected and transformed into a visual representation of the data gathered.
The result of this analysis is the production of a Raman spectrum, which plots the intensity of the shifted light versus the frequency (typically measured in a unit called the wavenumber). This spectrum provides an array of information relating to the molecular vibrations experienced by a sample, the correct interpretation of which can allow for sample identification, as different materials have different vibrational modes and thus characteristic spectra. Understandably the spectra produced can be complex, however spectral fingerprinting can be used to compare the overall pattern of spectra, including any similarities and differences in band intensities and band positions.
Although analytical techniques such as chromatography and mass spectrometry are most typically used in forensic analysis, Raman spectroscopy has a distinct advantage in that it is a non-destructive technique. A light source is simply directed over the sample during analysis, after which the sample remains undamaged and can be used for alternative analyses. This is an obvious benefit to a forensic investigation in which only a limited amount of sample may be available for such work.
Furthermore, this technique is significantly simpler in terms of sample preparation. Gas or liquid chromatography require a sample to be at the very least dissolved in some form of solvent, if not first taken through procedures of extraction or separation before being amenable to chromatographic analysis. However Raman spectroscopy requires little or no sample preparation, saving time whilst also reducing the number of opportunities for samples to become compromised in some way. In addition to this, the sample does not have to be analysed in a particular state, as solid, liquid or gaseous samples are amenable to Raman analysis, and samples can even be analysed through glass, plastic or quartz, eliminating the need to even remove a sample from its packaging.
A problem faced by infrared spectroscopy, a technique somewhat similar to Raman spectroscopy, is the absorption effects caused by water. However because Raman spectroscopy is based on the scattering of light rather than absorption, it does not suffer from these effects and thus there is no need to dry samples prior to analysis. This is obviously a major benefit, both in terms of time spent preparing samples but also when conducting in situ field work.
However Raman spectroscopy is not without its caveats. When incident light interacts with a sample, only a small amount of the light is scattered, and an even smaller proportion of that light experiences Raman scattering. As a result of this, signals pertaining to Raman scattering are comparatively weak, and thus can be easily masked by fluorescence and other interferences. Although this technique can be applied to a vast range of sample types in any state, it cannot be used for the analysis of metals or alloys.
Advances in Raman Spectroscopy
Portable Raman Spectrometer
Raman spectroscopy lends itself to the possibility of portable instrumentation. The invention of handheld Raman devices allows for in situ analysis of samples at incident scenes, enabling investigators to quickly determine the likely identity of a substance without being required to collect and send the sample to the lab first. Modern handheld spectrometers are even fitted with a simple “Match/No Match” feature (when configured with the appropriate libraries), making analysis by Raman spectroscopy simple and even suitable for unskilled operators. Furthermore, the ‘point-and’click’ nature of these handheld devices can be particularly beneficial when dealing with potentially dangerous samples, eliminating the need to hazardously handle and transport substances for analysis. Similarly, fiber-optic probes can even allow for analysis from a distance.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)
In order to remedy the problems of low sensitivity of Raman scattering, a technique known as Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, or SERS, has been developed. This involves using a metal surface (often gold or silver) with a nanoscale roughness, typically produced by electrochemical roughening or metallic coating, onto which analyte molecules are absorbed. The extent to which Raman signals are enhanced can be so great that it allows for the detection of even a single molecule. Not only is SERS highly sensitive, it is also surface selective, meaning the surface of a material can be specifically analysed. This could not previously be achieved using Raman spectroscopy, as any Raman signals from surface analytes would most likely be overwhelmed by signals resulting from the bulk of the sample.
The potential applications of Raman spectroscopy to forensic analysis are plentiful, with the technique being increasingly used to ascertain details of a range of sample types.
A particularly beneficial application of Raman spectroscopy in forensic science is in the analysis of ink samples on questioned documents (Braz et al, 2013). If the source or authenticity of a particular document is drawn into question, physical and chemical analysis of inks used can often be vital in establishing whether or not any additions or alterations have been made, whether two ink contributions are likely to be from the same source, and even the chronological sequence of ink contributions. Pen inks are complex liquids composed of multiple pigments, dyes, resins and solvents, resulting in a wide range of potential ink compositions. These compositions will undoubtedly vary between different pen manufacturers, allowing for the analysis of seemingly identical ink samples to prove whether or not they are actually likely to have originated from the same source.
In the study of questioned documents, it is often not ideal to destroy a writing sample in order to conduct analytical chemical testing, such as would be required when carrying out mass spectrometry. Raman spectroscopy allows for disputed writing samples to be chemically analysed without the need for sample preparation and without losing the document’s evidential value. This particular application of Raman spectroscopy is not limited to pen ink, but can also be utilised in the analysis of printer inks and paint samples.
The analysis of blood has interestingly been subjected to Raman analysis, investigating the possibility of using Raman techniques to identify whether a substance is blood and even attempt to age the blood sample (Boyd et al, 2011). The research concluded that Raman spectroscopy was able to identify the presence of blood, with peaks characteristic of blood components, particularly haemoglobin, being frequently detected. This was achieved even when blood samples were significantly diluted. Furthermore, the research has investigated the possibility of using Raman spectroscopy to determine the age of blood in a rudimentary fashion, based on differences in scattering peaks between fresh and dried blood samples. With the possibility of portable Raman technology, the ability to detect blood using this technique would allow for in situ analysis at crime scenes, enabling investigators to quickly ascertain whether a substance is actually blood.
Although substances of abuse are most commonly analysed using chromatographic techniques coupled with mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy has been successfully utilised in the detection of illicit substances (Moreno et al, 2014). Provided the investigator has access to an appropriate library of reference spectra for comparison purposes, it may be possible to identify drugs of abuse and their metabolites based on the characteristic spectra produced. The benefits of the application of Raman spectroscopy in this case include the possibility of in situ analysis to quickly identify potential controlled substances and the ability to analyse samples without sample preparation or destruction.
In addition, Raman spectroscopy has been successfully applied to the analysis of gunshot and explosive residues, geological samples, fibres and various bodily fluids.
Boyd, S. et al. Raman spectroscopy of blood samples for forensic applications. Forensic Sci Int, 208 (2011), pp. 124-128.
Braz, A. et al. Raman spectroscopy for forensic analysis of inks in questioned documents. Forensic Sci Int, 232 (2013), pp. 206-212.
Izake, E. L. Forensic and homeland security applications of modern portable Raman spectroscopy. Forensic Sci Int, 202 (2010), pp. 1-8.
Lepot, L. et al. Application of Raman spectroscopy to forensic fibre cases. Sci Justice, 48 (2008), pp. 109-117.
Moreno, V. M. et al. Raman identification of drugs of abuse particles collected with colored and transparent tapes. Sci Justice, 54 (2014), pp. 164-169.
University of St Andrews. Raman Spectroscopy. [online] Available: https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/seeinglife/science/research/Raman/Raman.html


Pyroelectric Detectors in Gas Analysis
A large number of gases absorb infrared radiation by intramolecular vibrations. For each specific material, the absorption intensity depends on the wavelength of the infrared radiation. This principle uses a non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer (NDIR gas analyzer) for gas analysis. The analyzer consists of an electronically or mechanically modulated infrared source, a sample cell through which the gas flows to be measured, and a pyroelectric detector.
In the detector cap, a narrow band pass filter (NBP Filter) is integrated, whose pass band corresponds to the absorption wavelength of the target gas. With the thermal detector, the transmission of the measured gas mixture is determined in a defined arrangement. If the gas being searched for is not present, most of the infrared radiation will reach the detector and the signal will be at its maximum. If the concentration of the gas increases, absorption will also increase according to Lambert-Beer's law, and the signal will reduce accordingly.
This concept finds itself again in standard InfraTec infrared filters with a center wavelength (CWL) of 4.27 µm and a half power bandwidth (HPBW) of 170 nm are suitable for the measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2), for example.
NDIR gas analysis cannot resolve complex forms of absorption bandwidths. Instead it uses an averaged signal measurement within the filter pass band. With this, you now have a manageable, long-time stable and continuously operating measurement method for industrial gas analysis at your disposal. Gas identification and transverse sensitivity of gas mixtures often require spectral multi-channel evaluations.
The classic gas analysis setup with filter wheel and/or mechanical chopper requires relatively fast (> 200 Hz) pyroelectric detectors with strong output signals. For this purpose, we offer multiple types with integrated JFET or CMOS operational amplifiers and pyroelectric elements, which are wired up for current mode operation.
Pyroelectric Detectors for Gas Analysis
a measuring channel, high power, temperature compensation, reduced acceleration response, single or split power supply
a measurement and a reference channel, temperature compensation, single or split power supply
Case Studies about Pyroelectric Detectors in Gas Analysis
Technical Article: Low Cost Optical Electronic Nose for Biomedical Applications
Article about the development of an optical-electronic nose with a non-dispersive infrared sensor (NDIR), which is to be aimed at healthcare applications.
Technical Article: Use of Multi Channel Detectors and Infrared Emitters in Gas Analysis
The detection and concentration measurement of gases is a standard procedure in the medical and industrial area worldwide. But what needs to be observed for the selection of components and what do multi channel detectors and infrared emitters have to do with this?
InfraTec offers five different product groups including approximately 50 standard pyroelectric detectors. Choose your suitable infrared detectors with the help of our detailed detector search.


Everything you need to know about contact lenses
Why wear contact lenses?
In some circumstances, contact lenses are more practical and comfortable than glasses.
From a technical point of view, they allow you to widen your field of vision. The correction is applied over the entire surface of the lens. And the latter is placed directly on the cornea so that the eye can enjoy improved vision from all angles.
Practising physical activity, wearing a mask, or going out on a rainy day is not always pleasant when you wear glasses. Indeed, the condensation that forms on the glasses affects vision. Wearing contact lenses eliminates this problem.
Technology, comfort and lenses
Contact lenses at Optical Center are at the cutting edge of technology. Whatever your vision problem, contact lenses can correct it because they have evolved a lot in recent years. This type of optical equipment is an alternative whether you are presbyopic, shortsighted, myopic, or farsighted. And, even if you have several levels of correction on the same eye, it is possible to wear lenses. Some people are sometimes reluctant because of fear regarding the oxygenation of the ocular tissues. Be aware that the materials used allow the eyes to oxygenate adequately.
Contact lenses aren’t just for adults; kids can wear them too. Some prefer this type of optical material, which is more discreet and more suited to their very active lifestyle, and parents often support this choice! If the glasses are breakable, the lenses are not.
Different types of lenses
Contact lenses are mainly worn for vision correction. However, in some cases, they are prescribed following an operation, an accident or a pathology and must be worn throughout the recovery. In addition, some people use them for aesthetic reasons, such as changing eye colour.
On the optical market, two types of corrective lenses are available, regardless of the reason for wearing the lens:
Rigid lens: it replaces the hard lens. Despite its rigidity, this lens does not prevent good oxygenation of the eyes. Therefore, it is more suitable for people whose ocular humidity is not optimal. Its lifespan is 1 to 2 years, which explains its higher price.
Soft lens: This is the most common due to its ease of use. Several lenses are possible:
– Daily lenses (single use);
– Weekly lenses;
– Monthly or bi-monthly lenses;
– Yearly lenses.
Some soft and hard lenses need to be removed and cleaned every night. Others can be worn day and night.
How to care for your eyes when wearing contact lenses
Proper maintenance of the lenses is essential, except for disposable lenses, whose lifespan is 24 hours. Depending on the lens, daily cleaning is often required. Ask the optician to choose the most suitable cleaning solution for the type of lenses you have chosen. Several formats are available. The case where you place the lenses is easy to carry with you everywhere.
Regular and rigorous cleaning helps to avoid specific pathologies of the eye. Wearing contact lenses increases the risk of infection. To avoid these inconveniences:
Do not exceed the expiry date of your lenses;
Wash your hands with soap and hot water well before and after handling your lenses;
Avoid sleeping with your lenses;
Do not use any case other than your own:
For disposable and daytime use lenses: do not forget to remove them;
Every evening, clean them with an appropriate product to disinfect them.
If you notice visual discomfort, put a few drops of artificial tears in your eyes to prevent dry eyes.


The first macroscopic configuration of reflection DHM®. It enables measurement of 3D topography with large field of view up to 32 x 32 mm. As with other DHM® products, the macro-sensor is a non-scanning instrument recording 3D topography at unrivaled acquisition speed.
This new patented technology opens new applications where a sub-nanometric vertical resolution is required within an extended field of view compared to a standard microscope configuration.
The macro-sensor has been developed for automated measurements, all the critical components are accessible outside of the sensor body:
The holographic macroscope has a fixed field of view and is available in single and dual wavelength configurations depending on the application.
A standalone configuration equipped with a motorized stage is ideal for R&D and semi-automation with an optical head only configuration available for integration with larger equipment.


Is LED light directional?
LEDs are “directional” light sources, which means they emit light in a specific direction, unlike incandescent and CFL, which emit light and heat in all directions. That means LEDs are able to use light and energy more efficiently in a multitude of applications. Learn more about CFLs.
What are light fixture optics?
Many think it is simply the plastic lens on the top of the bulb covering the diodes that disperses the light. This is where the lenses, reflectors, and so on come into play as they take all the light within a given bulb or fixture and magnify the intensity based on how the optics are designed.
Is LED omnidirectional?
In general, most commercial LED bulbs are non-omnidirectional and have illumination angles of approximately 140° (Figure 2). In addition, less powerful bulbs with a lower luminous flux output claim to be able to replace 60-watt incandescent bulbs because they produce the same illuminance or lux on a workspace.
What are the disadvantages of LED?
What are the disadvantages of LEDs?
- High up-front costs.
- Transformer compatibility.
- Potential color shift over lamp life.
- Performance standardization has not yet been streamlined.
- Overheating can cause reduced lamp life.
Can you focus LED light?
In some cases, it’s possible to exchange optics for different beam angles. One approach is to shift a lens away from an LED to focus the beam (up to a certain point). However, rings and shadows typically appear in the spot and with increasing distance from the LED, a lot of light is lost.
Why ededmund optics illumination products?
Edmund Optics offers a wide range of Illumination products suited for many lighting needs. In addition to the types of lighting available, many Illumination products are also available such as backlights, ring lights, spot lights, or line lights. These illuminators transmit light in specific ways that are ideal for a number of applications.
What is the difference between led and fiber optic illumination?
Fluorescent Illumination offers excellent, price sensitive lighting options, while LED Illumination provides stable, uniform light ideal for many applications. Fiber Optic Illumination is directed through light guides. Edmund Optics offers a wide range of Illumination products suited for many lighting needs.
Do led Tir optics really work with led domed tops?
TIR optics really work well with LEDs as they take advantage of emitters characteristics. Other forms of light radiate heat outward, whereas LEDs send heat out their base which allows these TIR optics to fit snug and totally surround the domed top.
What is the difference between led and led Tir?
Other forms of light radiate heat outward, whereas LEDs send heat out their base which allows these TIR optics to fit snug and totally surround the domed top. This allows a lot more control as they are illuminating and controlling literally straight from the light source.


Lasertel’s line of direct diode sources pairs our industry leading high power laser diode arrays with advanced beam shaping optics and low divergence. As a vertically integrated manufacturer of chips, optics and packages, Lasertel offers highly customizable products that allow for limitless power options, beam size and beam shapes for a wide variety of applications.
Lasertel’s line of pointers and illuminators offers high power while providing superior beam conditioning and low divergence. As a vertically integrated manufacturer of chips, optics, and packages, Lasertel can offer a wide range of products that can be customized for the specific application.
Lasertel offers a line of illumination sources for camera systems and Advanced Driver Assist Systems (ADAS). Lasertel’s High Beam™ and Low Beam™ products offer integrated control electronics, laser diode source and beam shaping optics in a single module.
Start here to build your custom product with Lasertel


－BMW G20 320i
－BMW G20 330i
－BMW G20 M340i
－BMW F98 X4M Comp
- －Toyota Supra A90
－Toyota Supra A91
- Model year of compatible cars: 2019+
i. Forged carbon fiber – Standard
ii. Forged carbon fiber – Luminous Green
iii. Forged carbon fiber – Luminous Blue
※Luminous edition contains luminous powders, a kind of light energy storage powder, which can glow in the dark after absorbing different visible light under 450 nm and can be reused. It is non-radioactive and non-toxic.
※Please have paddle shifters absorb sunlight for 30 mins before installation.
※The energy will emit over time, please keep re-storing energy (have sunlight get inside the vehicle or turn on the dome lights) if want them to glow again.


Since lasers are concentrated beams of light that generate heat, one would assume that they would be easy to weaponize. Until recently, however, progress has been more difficult than expected.
Lockheed Martin, the biggest U.S. defense contractor, announced this week that it was exploring ways to install a laser on the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter.
According to The Week, the Navy already has a laser weapon on the USS Ponce. And the Army is currently trying to figure out how to use lasers to protect troops from artillery shells, drones, and missiles.
Right now, engineers are just scratching the surface. Once they can figure out how to make these laser weapons smaller and more compact, they will be able to mount them on almost anything.
The damage that a laser inflicts is from the heat produced by focused light. The heat is powerful enough to burn a hole into an airplane or to set a pickup truck’s gas tank on fire. If a weaponized laser is pointed at an artillery shell in flight, it can heat up the explosives in the shell and detonate it.
While engineers have known how lasers work for decades, they have been held back by various problems. The biggest issue is power generation and storage.
Lasers need a lot of instant energy to be used as a weapon, and engineers had trouble finding the right type of energy source until recently. Now that they have figured out how to weaponize lasers, they are working on making lasers more compact.
One of the reasons that the American military is so keen on lasers is because a laser moves at the speed of light and is very accurate. It also can’t be blown off course, which eliminates collateral damage.
Laser weapons can’t be seen by the human eye, and are also silent, which makes them great for covert operations.
The biggest reason the military is interested in laser weapons has to be the fact that lasers are very cheap. For example, a Griffin short-range missile sells for a minimum of $115,000. A laser shot costs less than a dollar, which makes lasers more practical.
Lasers have the potential to be the next big thing in warfare, but they have a few drawbacks. Lasers generate a lot of heat and have to cool down before each use. Also, the farther the distance a laser travels through the air, the weaker it becomes.
Despite the obstacles, the military feels the positives of having a laser weapon outweigh the negatives. This means that we will be seeing more laser weapons being used in the future.


Researchers Make Perovskite Optical Transmitter And Receiver
Bidirectional optical signal transmission between two identical devices using perovskite diodes
Researchers at Linköping University, together with colleagues in China, have developed a perovskite diode that can be directed in two directions: it can receive optical signals and it can just as easily transmit them. The results have been published in Nature Electronics.
In 2018, Chunxiong Bao, a postdoc at Linköping, discovered the correct perovskite to build a photodetector showing higher performance and longer lifetime, and described this in an article in Advanced Materials. The development of LEDs from perovskites has also made rapid progress. Weidong Xu, postdoc at Linköping University, developed a perovskite LED with an efficiency of 21 percent last year, which is among the best in the world, and published the results in Nature Photonics.
"In order to demonstrate the potential of our diode with double function, we have built a monolithic sensor that detects heart beats in real time, and an optical, bidirectional communication system", says Bao.
"We have managed to integrate optical signal transmission and reception into one circuit, something that makes it possible to transmit optical signals in both directions between two identical circuits. This is valuable in the field of miniaturised and integrated optoelectronics", says Feng Gao, one of the collaborating scientists.
'Bidirectional optical signal transmission between two identical devices using perovskite diodes' by Chunxiong Bao et al; Nature Electronics 2020


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980nm pumps, based on patent-pending NECSEL (Novalux Extended Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) technology
March 19, 2001
ANAHEIM, Calif. -- Novalux Inc., a fiber optics laser component company, today launched the first high-power surface-emitting lasers for long-haul optical networks. This is a significant breakthrough that marks a 100-fold increase in power over other surface-emitting lasers, making it the most powerful laser of its kind. With Novalux’s revolutionary, patent-pending NECSEL (Novalux Extended Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) technology, communications companies can now come closer to meeting the increasing demand for bandwidth using fewer, simpler components at lower cost.
Being introduced today are two 980nm pumps for pumping EDFAs (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers) in optical networks. The first pump is a single-mode EDFA pump laser module, available in 200mw and 360mw powers; and the second is a multi-mode pump laser module in the 750mw power range for the emerging dual-clad fiber market. Novalux plans to ship samples of these products to select customers within the month.
“Novalux’s pump lasers, based on the NECSEL technology, are truly unique in their power, simplicity and design,” said Stephen Montgomery of ElectroniCast. “The long-haul fiber optics components market, which is expected to hit $30 billion by 2005, is sure to benefit from this new source of supply.”
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Projects per year
Forster/Fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET) has become an extremely important technique to explore biological interactions in cells and tissues. As the non-radiative transfer of energy from the donor to acceptor occurs typically only within 1-10nm, FRET measurement allows the user to detect localisation events between protein-conjugated fluorophores. Compared to other techniques, the use of time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) to measure fluorescence lifetime (FLIM) has become the gold standard for measuring FRET interactions in cells. The technique is fundamentally superior to all existing techniques due to its near ideal counting efficiency, inherent low excitation light flux (reduced photobleaching and toxicity) and time resolution. Unfortunately due to its slow acquisition time when compared with other techniques, such as Frequency-domain lifetime determination or anisotropy, this makes it impractical for measuring dynamic protein interactions in cells. The relatively slow acquisition time of TCSPC FLIM-FRET is simply due to the system usually employing a single-beam scanning approach where each lifetime (and thus FRET interaction) is determined individually on a voxel by voxel basis. In this paper we will discuss the development a microscope system which will parallelize TCSPC for FLIM-FRET in a multi-beam multi-detector format. This will greatly improve the speed at which the system can operate, whilst maintaining both the high temporal resolution and the high signal-to-noise for which typical TCPSC systems are known for. We demonstrate this idea using spatial light modulator (SLM) generated beamlets and single photon avalanche detector (SPAD) array. The performance is evaluated on a plant specimen.
|Title of host publication||Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences XIII|
|Subtitle of host publication||SPIE Photonics West|
|Number of pages||8|
|Publication status||Published - Feb 2013|
|Event||Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences XIII - San Francisco, United States|
Duration: 22 Feb 2013 → …
|Conference||Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences XIII|
|Period||22/02/13 → …|
- Fluorescence lifetime imaging
- Fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- Imaging systems
- Single photon
- Spatial light modulators
- Temporal resolution
- Time correlated photon counting
FingerprintDive into the research topics of 'Development of a fast TCSPC FLIM-FRET imaging system'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
- 1 Finished
MM-FLIM: Multiplexed multiphoton fluorescence lifetime microscopy
Henderson, R. & Ameer-Beg, S.
1/10/11 → 30/09/14


Akron #ELSS-XLAC 120V SceneStar 20,000 Lumen LED Light Head Only
The SceneStar is a brilliant combination of performance, durability, efficiency and style.
The SceneStar LED High Power Scene Light has been engineered to provide maximum visibility across your emergency scene with exceptional light output. The scene light features the latest in LED technology, vibrant white light, low operating temperatures, engineered optical control and the Akron Brass quality you have come to expect. Solid-state electronics ensure a lifetime of peak performance. The reflector was engineered for optimum light output and spot/flood pattern. The rugged design and tempered glass can withstand the harshest environMen's. Features high impact, UV resistant handles and heat sink cover, plus optimized thermal management with a protective cover. The dual ergonomic handles provide easy light head positioning and light transport. The SceneStar is a brilliant combination of performance, durability, efficiency and style.
- 48 Ultra bright LEDs delivering a powerful 19,000 lumens
- 220 Watts/10-32 VDC Voltage/18 amps (at 12 VDC), 9 amps (at 24 VAC)
- Lighthead Dimensions: 14" W x 4.25" H x 5.6" D (356 x 108 x 142 mm) / 10 lbs. (4.5 kg)
- Streamlined aesthetics in a compact design
- Optimized thermal management reduces LED temperatures for long life and reliability
- Durable powder coated white finish (handles and heat sink always black)
- Serviceable construction (Sustainable LED technology) with industry leading 6 year warranty
- Instant-On at Full Intensity?no warm-up period required
- Low ultraviolet light attracts less insects during nighttime operation
- Long operating hours, LEDs rated at 50,000 hours
- CE and UL ratings pending
SceneStar lampheads are available with various mounting, pole and tri-pod options. If you want to customize a lamphead, please call 800-852-6088 x 1162 and a Fire Equipment Specialist will assist you with a custom lighting order. We are a full line dealer for Akron.


The Gigashot™ T laser system is a diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) laser system that delivers 125 mJ per pulse at 527 nm at a repetition rate of 100 Hz with exceptionally low noise and superior pulse-to-pulse stability. The laser is a single oscillator design with a circular, uniform multimode output beam profile through the Rayleigh range (nearfield to farfield) – making it ideally suited for pumping ultrafast Ti:Sapphire amplifiers, particularly CEP-stabilzed systems.
This unique laser design, along with the incorporation of diode pumping delivers excellent pulse-to-pulse stability as well as long operational lifetime. It is rugged, reliable, economically priced, and easily integrated into original equipment. The laser is supplied with a 2 year/10,000 operating hour warranty.


Cepstrum based feature extraction method for fungus detection
In this paper, a method for detection of popcorn kernels infected by a fungus is developed using image processing. The method is based on two dimensional (2D) mel and Mellin-cepstrum computation from popcorn kernel images. Cepstral features that were extracted from popcorn images are classified using Support Vector Machines (SVM). Experimental results show that high recognition rates of up to 93.93% can be achieved for both damaged and healthy popcorn kernels using 2D mel-cepstrum. The success rate for healthy popcorn kernels was found to be 97.41% and the recognition rate for damaged kernels was found to be 89.43%. © 2011 Copyright Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).


Related Photo Galleries
The Mustang Project LED bulb is specifically designed for classic Ford dash illumination and is available in green, blue, red, white, and amber. While everyone has their theories on what color is easiest on the eyes at night, we kept with the green LEDs for a stock look. The kit shown here includes green illumination LEDs and white turn-signal/high-beam LEDs and it retails for $29.95. Currently, kits are available for '65-'68 Mustangs, but you can also buy the bulbs individually for any classic Ford application that uses 1895 dash bulbs.


saxon 1026AZ3 SC Refractor Telescope with Steel Tripod
or 4 fortnightly payments of $112.49 with More info
DUE End July 2021
The saxon 1026AZ3 SC Refractor Telescope with Steel Tripod is the perfect choice of telescope for anyone who wants the ability to study both the night sky and the world around them.
This telescope’s aperture of 102mm and focal length of 660mm provides sharp, clear images without the need to constantly adjust your scope. When you’re not observing wildlife or landscape from afar, the inclusive accessories will pave the way for you to immerse yourself with views of the Moon and planets. Budding astrophotographers will appreciate the scope’s short focal length which aids in capturing images of deep sky objects.
The compact and portable saxon 1026AZ3 SC Refractor Telescope with Steel Tripod features the following:
- 102mm aperture
- 660mm focal length
- 3 eyepieces, 26mm, 9mm and 6.3mm
- Red-dot finderscope
- 90 degree erecting prism
- Alt-Azimuth AZ3 mount
- Steel tripod with accessory tray
- Photography is possible via an optional T-2 adapter ring.
BinoCentral Special, a fantastic beginners telescope, this offer is available here in Perth and online.
For observations of both land and sky, you can count on the saxon 1026AZ3 SC Refractor Telescope with Steel Tripod to do the job.
This short-tube telescope comes with 102mm multi-coated achromatic objective lens and a focal length of 660mm. You’ll get a host of accessories to complement your viewing session – quality eyepieces, a red-dot finderscope and an erecting prism for terrestrial viewing. The scope also comes with a sturdy Alt-Azimuth mount with steel tripod which you can move up and down and left to right.
No heavy lifting required in transporting the saxon 1026AZ3 SC Refractor Telescope with Steel Tripod around – the full assembly weighs just over 5 kg!
|Dimensions||102 × 41 × 27 cm|


Well, if you’re keen on laser physics and laser energy conservation physics, then there’s a question right here for you. It can be by far the most critical question which you need to ask yourself. Truly, you have got to ask your self lots of inquiries so that you could identify the flaws inside your own understanding from the area. buying research paper Power conservation and laser physics are closely connected due to the fact laser physics offers with power conservation.
Whenever you keep diminishing and increasing the energy of the laser apparatus, then you have to be aware that the Laws of Physics are breaking. Once the vitality has been turned off the laser device ceases displaying any lighting. What is currently taking place here is the laser apparatus is slowly decreasing its energy. We predict this method as Laser power Loss.
This approach is extremely a lot relevant to the query of how laser power conservation and uncomplicated harmonic motion physics are connected. Nowadays, http://as.cornell.edu/dance-minor we’re continually understanding new details from quite a few sources.
The laser light is absorbed by the substrate. Now, the energy is progressively decaying, however the laser device continues to be emitting light. This is a very complex course of action of energy conservation.
An energy conservation law for the laser device is given by Einstein’s renowned equation. If you have a laser device that is definitely producing a continuous laser beam at a low intensity, then there should be power loss resulting from absorption and reflection. If the device is at a higher intensity, then there should be no energy loss as a result of absorption and reflection. This really is the course of action of laser energy conservation and is what we get in touch with simple harmonic motion physics.
The laser devices utilised in measuring energy amounts in electrical power electronic equipment and energy sources are ingenious. The measurements are extremely precise and also the energy will be absorbed or reflected precisely.
Laser energy conservation and laser energy loss can also be related buy reports to all the ideas of laser physics. The Laser pulse could be the most significant point of such approach. These pulses are expected to be made so as to bring about heat production. These heat production levels on the device are clearly governed by laser energy conservation laws.
We can not fully understand the course of action of basic harmonic motion physics as long as we’re currently employing lasers. But there continue to be strategies to improve our comprehension with the program.
Easy harmonic motion physics can be understood easily, Knowing the essential principles of electricity conservation. You just need to know that you will find just two sources of vitality in the system – external and internal.
External energy is just measured when it comes to energy, and internal energy is measured when it comes to mass. The internal energy in the method is normally far more crucial as far as laser physics is concerned, but this can be a quite common concept.
If you may have been a extended time seeker of power conservation and basic harmonic motion physics, then I’ve made a unique study report for you. You could find it on my website.


Infrared X-Ray IR Filter Camera Lens Kit IR680 IR720, IR760, IR850, IR950 Lens Kit Filter 58/62/67/72/77mm for Nikon Canon Sony
1. There are 5 different X-Ray IR Filters : IR680 Infrared Filter, IR720 Infrared Filter , IR760 Infrared Filter, IR850 Infrared Filter , IR950 Infrared Filter,Please choose right IR Lens Filter
the IR Filter 40.5mm 49mm 52mm 55mm 58mm 62mm 67mm 72mm 77mm 82mm for Canon Nikon Sony Olympus DSLR Cameras
Please choose the right size that you need .
PLEASE NOTE: Lens NOT Included!
2. The IR filters are made of high quality optical glass and premium aluminum alloy. Double threaded frame to allow additional filters or hoods.
3. Fit for any camera which lens thread is 49/52/55/58/62/67/72/77/82mm, such as for PENTAX (K-30 K-50 K-5 K-5 II) DSLR Cameras, 18-55mm F3.5-5.6 AL zoom Lens, and Canon EF 50mm f/1.8 II and for the EOS M Compact System Mirrorless Camera EF-M 18-55mm IS STM zoom lenses.
4. Often used in crime detection, medical photography, detection of distribution of vegetation, etc.
5. For photographer, these filter can be used with infrared film or digital photography to get interesting artistic and sometimes creative photos.


To understand long sightedness, it first helps to understand how the eye works.
Long sightedness is a refractive error caused by an imperfection in the eye. The imperfection changes the way your eye focuses the light rays that pass into it. This can happen when:
- The eyeball is shorter than normal
- The cornea is less curved than normal
- The lens is thinner than normal
When any of these imperfections occur, it changes the focusing point of the eye so that light rays focus behind your retina, instead of onto it. This makes close-up objects look blurry. Distance objects still appear clear, because they don’t need as much focusing power, so they focus on your retina properly.
Hyperopia is believed to be an inherited condition, which means you’re more likely to suffer long sightedness if one of your parents has it. Hyperopia can develop in childhood, although symptoms are most common among adults.
Presbyopia is age-related long-sightedness.


Optical Power Meter
Rugged, hand-held fiber optic power meter ideally suited for field testing and cable installation and maintenance. Calibrated at four wavelengths (850, 1300, 1310 and 1550 nm), this meter will work with both singlemode and multimode applications. Internal data storage allowing saving, viewing and printing of up to 950 test results. 800 to 1625 nm wavelength range. 3 to -70 dBm Range within 0.2 dB. Resolution 0.1/0.01 dB selectable.


5. Heinrich-Wiemeyer-Cup: Hertha BSC gewinnt im Neunmeterschießen
Mit einem Zuschauerrekord von ca. 700 Gästen an den beiden Turniertagen,
Needham Laser Marking Products
We have two important categories of laser marking systems. The first category includes laser marking systems-based on the form while the next classification incorporates machines predicated on their composition or create.
Within this category, there four classifications. These classifications contain desktop laser machines, handheld laser systems, and workstation and product line laser marking systems.
Centered on Composition
Below, you can find three major classes. Below, the very first category is the fiber laser etching machines. These machines are for anyone looking for durability. Also, they're suitable for a wide range file formats producing them suited to virtually every user. Subsequently, we've the CO2 laser marking systems that are the lowest priced of most our laser marking systems. Lastly, we have the YAG laser marking systems. These systems are cheaper compared to our fiber laser etching machines. The main benefit of these machines could be the power to adapt to nearly every environment.
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Should you be an environmental- conscious individual or company, then our products can help you with this specific initiative. Your items are manufactured to do efficiently while using the minimal energy. Consequently, they also subscribe to saving energy costs.
Our company is trustworthy for distributing products that extremely trusted whatever the industry they are utilized in. with your items, you enjoy large etching speeds and markings which can be very durable.
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Our Laser Marking systems are very easy and speedy to both recognize and operate. I.e. http://laseretchingmachine.wix.com/laser.


- Durable, Yet Compact
The compact and sleek Ce 9 is constructed of a precision cast aluminum base for durability.
- Optimum Visibility
The Ce 9 allows viewing the geometry of all lenses on a precise, clear scale without looking through the power of the lens, eliminating distortion, parallax and vertical imbalance. Also, maintenance-free LED light provides light control for optimum visibility an improved cost efficiency.
- Dimensions: 4.5” W x 6.3” D x 8.4” H
- Weight: 3.7 lbs.
- Power Supply: DC5V
- Power Consumption: 2.5W
EMS has partnered with GreatAmerica Financial Services to provide financing to our customers. Headquartered in Cedar Rapids, IA since 1992,
GreatAmerica Financial Services is the largest private independent small ticket equipment finance company in the US. GreatAmerica works with our customers to make purchases as easy as possible with an industry leading customer service experience.


what is a difference between safety type-2 and safety type-4 of safety light curtains
The type 2 safety light curtains test their internal circuits periodically (every 500 ms for XUSL2E). If a failure appears between the two test sequences, it will be detected only after the next test.
The design of these light curtains is suitable for applications where the analysis demonstrates a minor injury risk for operators.
Type 2 is Less expensive than Type 4
Type 2 is available only for hand and body detection
Type-4 safety light curtains The type 4 design is based on redundant automatic cross-checking architecture. This architecture enables immediate failure detection within the response time. The type 4 light curtains are suitable for applications where the analysis demonstrates a moderate or high injury risk for operators.
Type 4 is available for finger, hand, and body detection
Type 4 provides a shorter response time and narrower aperture angle (+- 2,5° for type 4 and +- 5° for type 2).


Refractive Index Spectral Transfer in Inhomogeneous Turbulence in Atmospheric/Oceanic Surface Layer
Sukaran R. Patel, Univ. Federal da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brazil
Very recently the optical scintillation has been used to remotely sense many environmental parameters, such as wind components across the propagation path, rain rates and drop size distributions and the refractive index spectrum of turbulence. Using optical scintillation measurements of the inner scale and the refractive index turbulence structure, one may obtain complete micrometeorological characteristics of the surface layer (Hill 1992). Also, the refractive index spectrum in the dissipation range is important to atmospheric optical propagation studies of both weak and very strong scintillation (Gerald and Hill, 1985). The Monin-Obukhov similarity theory is one of the most powerful tools in describing the physical properties of the atmospheroc/oceanic boundary layer. Similarity relationship, apply not only to the mean profiles of the meteorological parmeters, but also to the statistical quantities and spectral behavior of turbulence. The Monin-Obukhov similarity empirical functions are now used routinely in many practical applications (Hill 1989). Recently, a number of applications of this theory for refractive index spectrum have been reported by Hill (1989), Andreas (1987, 1988, 1989, 1990) among others. Further, there are several studies of similarity principles for horizontal homogeneous boundary layers, but very few for horizontally inhomogeneous surfaces because of their obvious difficulties. To avoid these problems most field experments have been performed in carefully chosen homogeneous conditions. But in fact the atmosphere-land-sea interface occurs in inhomogeneous surfaces. These motivate the study of various aspects of the spectral transfer of refractivity in inhomogeneous turbulence in atmospheric/oceanic boundary layer, as this is one of the several processes occuring in turbulent motion. In this study, the two-point spectrum equation for refractivity is constructed, neglecting the pressure fluctuations and the second order terms. The terms associated with both turbulence self-interaction (Batchelor 1953) and the mean gradients (Deissler 1981) in the two-point spectral equation for homogeneous turbulence can be interpreted as transfer terms. However, a similar interpretation does not seem obvious for inhomogeneous turbulence, because the condition of homogeneity is generally used in making the interpretation (Deissler 1981). Very recently, Patel (2000) using the method of Deissler (1981), has shown that certain terms in the two-point spectral equation for velocity-humidity correlation can be interpreted as spectral transfer terms, even for general inhomogeneous turbulence. In this study the discussion has been extended for the case of spectral transfer equation for refractive index. It is hoped that this study will help better understanding the modeling of the turbulent fluxes in the atmospheric/oceanic surface layer.
Poster Session 1, Environmental Applications
Monday, 15 October 2001, 9:45 AM-11:15 AM
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Lenses for far-sighted eyes (+) are not available.
Type: Daily disposable
Packaging: 30 lenses per box
Content: Etafilcon A & 58% water
Some prescriptions out of stock
Click here for details
Enjoy crystal clear vision with OptiOne daily contact lens. Made from biocompatible material.
With UV blocker, OptiOne helps protect against harmful radiation from the sun and the aspheric lens design consistently delivers sharp vision in low light conditions.


Our computer glasses feature our specialised BluLite lens which filters down and reduces the harmful high energy artificial blue light emitted by digital devices. By filtering down and reducing blue light across the entire blue spectrum our computer glasses alleviate digital eye strain. These glasses are designed for those that suffer with dry, sore, tired eyes, headaches and migraines and blurred vision from screen time. For lens reports on all our products please check the photos in your preferred product’s gallery. *All our glasses are unisex and come in Prescription, Non-Prescription, and Readers.


A throwback to the days of roller rinks and disco, the Flare has a '70s spirit. These Smith sunglasses are one of those rare styles that flatters most face shapes. Despite the bold look, the bio-based frames are surprisingly lightweight. They come with your choice of standard Carbonic lenses or ChromaPop™ polarized lenses that reduce glare and enhance color.
- ChromaPop™ polarized lenses cut glare and enhance color and contrast
- Carbonic lenses offer impact-resistance and clear optics
Fit / Integration
- Medium fit, large coverage
- 4-base lens curvature is just right for everyday wear
- Megol nose pads provide non-slip grip so glasses stay put
- Evolve™ bio-based frame material is lightweight and durable


Simply put, a white laser flashlight uses a blue laser to excite a yellow fluorescent material to form a broad spectrum of white light, which is much brighter than LEDs and the same as xenon lamps. White laser flashlight has high-intensity collimation characteristics, high light intensity, light gathering ability and long-range ability, which are many times stronger than traditional flashlights of the same volume. Because of its super light-gathering ability and almost no floodlight, the laser flashlight is essentially different from the traditional LED flashlight in design and use. When the white laser flashlight first came out, it was mainly used for tactical purposes, but now its application scenarios are more abundant, such as strong light suppression explosion, remote tracking, positioning, search, aiming and other precise tactical scenarios.
Features of TANK007 PTL01 White Laser Flashlight:1. TANK007 PTL01 uses a white laser light source with a multi-coated lens. This white laser flashlight not only has a range of 1400 meters, but also has a brightness of 500 lumens and a broad-spectrum white light similar to the led spectrum, which not only retains the high collimation characteristics of laser, but also eliminates the harmfulness of monochromatic laser. PTL01 has a super focused beam, whether it is remote positioning, signal transmission, or precise target locking.
2. The strong performance of PTL01 white laser flashlight can not be separated from the high-density battery to provide it with lasting power. PTL01 is equipped with a TANK007 21700 rechargeable lithium battery with Type-C charging port and 5000 mAh large-capacity battery, which is enough to ensure the endurance of PTL01. The PTL01stays on for 8 hours in 60 lumen low-light mode.
3. PTL01 adopts the electronic key switch design of tactical tail key switch and neck side shift switch; Tactical rear key switch, one touch will light up, neck shift electronic key switch, single click highlight-medium-low light cycle shift, double click flash. The neck switch has the function of power indicator to remind the battery balance (the green light is 100% -75%, the green light is 75% -40%, the red light is 40% -10%, and the red light is less than 10%).
4. The shell of PTL01 is made of A6061-T6 aluminum alloy, and the surface is anodized according to the high-specification anodizing process, so that the PTL01 is as firm as a rock after the drop test of six drop surfaces of 1.2 meters. IP68 dustproof and waterproof level can ensure that PTL01 can prevent sand and dust from entering and is not afraid of rainy days and Chaoshan environment.
5, compatible with a variety of accessories, scene applications more possible. PTL01 white laser flashlight is equipped with a standard gun clip, which can be used in tactical scenarios. In addition, it can also be used with traffic sticks and simple flashlight clips to meet the needs of multi-scenario use.
The above is the white laser flashlight PTL01 released by TANK007. For more information, please click here: TANK007 PTL01.


Spectral Systems is the leader in precise infrared optical components, coatings, systems integration and services from original concept through final production. Founded over thirty years ago by Frank Wesley, the company got its start from making specialized optics for infrared applications. In its infancy, Spectral Systems focused primarily on providing optical polishing services to customers involved in infrared spectroscopy.
|35 Corporate Park Drive|
|Tel: 001 845 897 1529|


Apr 2004Seegrid Corp.Request Info
The Theia integrated camera system produced by SeeGrid Corp. is a 1/2-in. full-frame CMOS imager that provides precisely synchronized stereo image capture. Available in black-and-white and color versions, it offers programmable shutter speeds from 1/18,000 to 3.65 s at rates from 0 to 30 fps. Signal-to-noise ratio is 45 dB, gain is from 0 to 25 dB, and power consumption is <2 W. The 640 × 480-pixel, progressive-scan system measures 116 × 8 × 3 cm and weighs 400 g. It has a 12-mm camera lens mount, multiple lens and image subsampling capability, variable focal length, independent gain control, onboard frame storage and a USB 2.0 interface. The camera is housed in aluminum and Lexan and comes with the company's vision software.


In few words, hologram technology is an optical illusion. But going deeper, At the point when a laser shaft is separated to make a visualization, the light waves in the two pieces of the pillar are going in indistinguishable manners. In this way, as you move your head around, the holographic picture seems to change similarly as the picture of a genuine article changes. Also, that is the reason 3D images seem, by all accounts, to be three-dimensional.
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Smith Virtue Goggle
The Virtue is designed specifically for women to have a great, smaller fit without sacrificing peripheral vision.
The Virtue is designed specifically for women to have a great, smaller fit without sacrificing peripheral vision. Outriggers articulate for superior helmet integration, while the spherical lens includes Porex™ filter, for preventing optical distortion during changes in elevation, and Fog-X anti-fog coating for fog-free vision. Fit and technology seamlessly combine so you can focus on the fun in front of you.
- Spherical carbonic-x lens
- Fog-X anti-fog inner lens
- TLT lens technology for crystal clear vision
- Women's small fit
- QuickFit strap adjustment system with clip buckle
- 3-layer DriWix face foam
- Helmet compatible
- Ultra-wide, silicone backed strap
- Rotating outrigger positioning system
- Includes microfiber goggle bag with replacement lens sleeve


Industrial camera in the metal pieces of the application of the visual inspection system
Machine vision system is mainly by industrial camera lens, visual light and image processing system, the current is applied to the more and more appearance test scenario, but also because of its stability, low cost, can be continuous 24 hours work etc, deeply welcome from all walks of life.
In the production of metal products, can appear the flaws such as scratches, visual inspection system using the industrial camera resolution 5 million and prime lens, cooperate avision line array of software defect detection function, need only a tool, simply adjust the parameters, and can quickly test results are given.
Avision software due to its characteristics of modular, intelligent, even before have no contact with the personnel of image processing, and also can be used in accordance with the instructions to fit, validation, saving technical personnel's time cost, promote the project quickly.
If you currently have the relevant application requirements, contact us. We can offer you detection scheme.


The ApoTome Axioimager Z1 is a 3-D imaging system used for contrast enhancement in fluorescence microscopy based on innovative grid projection techniques using an HBO light source. This technique permits optical sections to be analysed quickly and with very good quality. It also improves clarity and performance. The ApoTome allows discriminated images of fluorescent specimens to be produced. When compared to conventional epiflourescence methods, these optical sections feature increased contrast and enhanced optical resolution in axial direction. Due to interfering fluorescent signals originating from planes above or below the actual focal plane, optical sections are prerequisite for three-dimensional reconstruction. The ApoTome system consists of a slider, which is inserted in the plane of the luminous-field diaphragm of the incident-light path of rays, and an accompanying control box. The ApoTome imaging system comprises the following components: The Axioimager Z1 microscope, Axiovision 4 module ApoTome, High resolution microscopy camera axiocam HRM REV.2 (ESI), PC XEON with at least 512 MB RAM acc. to Carl Zeiss specifications plus monitor, ApoTome slider with ApoTome control box and accompanying transmission grids, AxioVision 4.x control software.


Israel Railways will install an artificial intelligence (AI)-based safety warning system on passenger trains, the state-owned company said in a statement on Monday.
The electro-optic systems, developed by the Israeli technology company Rail Vision, can detect humans, vehicles, animals, and vegetation near and on the track, with an extended visual range of up to 2 km in most weather and light conditions, thus preventing collisions and reducing downtime.
The system combines sensitive imaging sensors with AI and deep learning technology to detect and classify obstacles, and then generates real-time visual and acoustic alerts for both the driver and the operator’s command-and-control center, according to the tech company.
The systems will be installed in the first phase on ten locomotives for continuing experiments, development, and improvement, the statement said. Xinhua


Leica Disto D810 Touch Laser Distance Meter 650ft
Model #799097 | SKU #508803
The Leica Disto D810 Touch is the first laser distance meter in the world with touchscreen capability for simpler navigation and access to functions. It has an integrated camera that enables construction professionals to measure and document measurements with photos. This handheld laser tool also features Bluetooth Smart for sending measuring data to your compatible Apple iOS, Android and Windows 8 devices.?


265 Oak St.
Pembroke, MA 02359
Phone: +1 781-826-3195
Fax: +1 781-826-1195
Toll-free: +1 800-313-6246
Manufactures optical deposition systems with ion/plasma assist using e-beam, resistance, sputtering sources with planetary and flip fixturing in batch and in-line air-to-air configurations, with microprocessor, optical and multicrystal monitoring. Components include e-beam, fixturing, heating, plasma, ion beam, optical monitor and feedthroughs.
Ownership type: Privately Owned
IVI CORP. PRODUCT AND SERVICE CATEGORIES
MS=Manufacture Stock | MC=Manufacture Custom | S=Supply/Distribute | D=Design


Peteme Baby Monitor 1080P FHD Home WiFi Security Camera Sound/Motion Detection with Night Vision 2-Way Audio Cloud Service Available Monitor Baby/Elder/Pet Compatible with iOS/Android
1080P FHD resolution, 6G lens, & 9 infrared LED lights, perfect images quality & night vision. Track movements in real time and send a alert message to your phone protect your home day and night. 355°pan/100°tilt/100°broad provide a complete 360° viewing angle. Remotely talk and listen to your family wherever you are, and enjoy those important moments.
Valued at $70
Donated By NATCA Charitable Foundation