|Publication number||US4343535 A|
|Application number||US 06/103,683|
|Publication date||Aug 10, 1982|
|Filing date||Dec 14, 1979|
|Priority date||Dec 14, 1979|
|Publication number||06103683, 103683, US 4343535 A, US 4343535A, US-A-4343535, US4343535 A, US4343535A|
|Inventors||William P. Bleha, Jr.|
|Original Assignee||Hughes Aircraft Company|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (94), Classifications (8), Legal Events (2)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This invention relates generally to liquid crystal light valve image display systems, and in particular to such systems in which otherwise wasted light from a projection source, after being selectively modulated in intensity and spectrally filtered, is combined with an image display to enhance image quality.
Liquid crystal image display systems have been increasingly used for display of graphic, symbolic, and TV pictorial images. Among the advantages of such display devices are high brightness, large scale display capabilities, compact size, and high resolution.
As is well known, the liquid crystal light valve is a thin film, multilayer structure comprising a liquid crystal layer, a dielectric mirror, a light blocking layer, and a photoresponsive layer sandwiched between two transparent electrodes. A polarized projection beam is directed through the liquid crystal layer and to the dielectric mirror. An input image of low intensity light, such as that generated by a cathode ray tube, is applied to the photoresponsive layer thereby switching the electric field across the electrodes from the photoresponsive layer onto the liquid crystal layer to activate the liquid crystal.
Linearly polarized projection light passing through the liquid crystal layer and reflecting from the dielectric mirror is polarization-modulated in accordance with the information incident on the photoconductor. Upon exiting the light valve, the light is converted by means of a crossed polarizer to an intensity-modulated beam which is projected by a lens onto a screen. In practice, the polarizing and analyzing functions are accomplished by a single polarizing beamsplitter. The intensity of the projected image has a point-to-point correspondence to the intensity of the writing light input image. Therefore, if a complex distribution of light, for example, a high resolution input image, is focused onto the photoconductor surface, the device converts that image into a high brightness replica which can be projected with high magnification to produce a high brightness image on a viewing screen.
This operation is further described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,019,807 issued to D. Boswell et al on Apr. 26, 1977, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
A graphics display projector using a liquid crystal light valve of the above type is described in an article entitled "Application of the Liquid Crystal Light Valve to a Large Screen Graphics Display", published in the 1979 Society for Information Display (SID), International Symposium, Digest of Technical Papers, May 1979, pp. 22-23. This display system, a type with which the present invention is particularly but not exclusively concerned, projects a large scale image having yellow-alpha numeric characters on a blue background. The colors are a result of the unavoidable fact that the liquid crystal material polarization modulates the white projection light incident upon it as a function of the wavelength of the light. Although providing an image of high brightness and high resolution, the system has several inherent drawbacks which it is the object of the present invention to minimize if not eliminate. One drawback stems from the fact that the light valve is a complicated, expensive device that includes numerous microscopically thin film layers deposited on super-flat substrates, each requiring a series of critical manufacturing steps. Among these steps, the two substrates which sandwich the few micrometerthick liquid crystal layer must be polished over their approximately five centimeter faces to an optical flatness of better than approximately one-quarter the wavelength of white light or 0.15 micrometers. Additionally, the device must be assembled so that these two optically flat substrates, to define the liquid crystal layer thickness, are separated by precisely several micrometers and uniform from point to point to within a fraction of a micrometer. As will be further described, the nematic (rod-like) liquid crystal molecules comprising this layer are arranged in chains which are precisely oriented in twist and tilt angles to the substrates.
The difficulty of producing such a complicated sutructure within the required tolerances results in a large percentage of defective liquid crystal valves, thus raising their effective unit cost. In effect, variations in the liquid crystal layer thickness, caused by both surface waviness and wedging of the substrate surfaces which contain the liquid crystal material, create poor uniformity of the image background color. Non-uniform twist and tilt of the liquid crystal molecules in their off-state also gives rise to color nonuniformities in the image background. An additional cause of such uneven color is residual birefringence within the polarizing beam splitter. This residual birefringence can occur from manufacturing imperfections as well as from nonuniform heating by the heat sources within the image projector package, such as electronics and the high intensity projection light source. In particular, as a consequence of the variations in liquid crystal tilt and twist variations in the liquid crystal layer thickness, the image background will appear not in the desired uniform shade of blue, but rather with spatial variations in brightness and in color. These color variations typically ranging from violet to magenta and green, create a very distracting visual effect, thereby interfering with effective communication.
In addition to the above described limitations caused by manufacturing tolerances, another limitation is the strong dependence of display background color on liquid crystal layer thickness. Thus, the desirable color contrast of yellow characters on a blue background is achieved only by using a relatively thick liquid crystal layer of from approximately six to eight micrometers. Because the time response of the liquid crystal layer varies as the square of its thickness, the blue color is achieved at the expense of unsmeared video rate images. Although video rate images can be produced with a thinner liquid crystal layer of from approximately three to four micrometers, the disadvantage is that the background color, being controlled by the thickness of the liquid crystal, appears black with yellow characters. This color combination not only gives a relatively low color contrast, but is visually unpleasing.
A still further limitation is that even though a given device may have a uniform blue background, the blue can vary in shade from device to device.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a means for improving the performance of image display arrangements using a reflective liquid crystal light valve operating in the polarization modulation mode.
A further object of the present invention is to provide such a means to display an image having both a high color contrast and video repetition rate.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a means to increase the manufacturing yield of liquid crystal light valves by inexpensively compensating for their manufacturing defects.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a liquid crystal light valve graphics display having an image of increased brightness.
It is also an object of the invention to provide a means for correcting non-uniformities in background brightness in an image from such a liquid crystal light valve projector.
These and other objects and advantages are achieved in an improved image display system wherein a beam of unpolarized light is directed to a polarizing beamsplitter which separates it into two beams having mutually orthogonal polarization directions. The beamsplitter directs the first beam to the reflective surface of a liquid crystal light valve for polarization modulation with an input image and reflection back to the beamsplitter to thereby generate a polarization-analyzed output image having non-uniform background color and brightness caused by tolerance variations in the display system. The second beam is converted by a spectral filter into light of a color different from the projection beam, spatially varied in intensity by a spatially graded neutral density filter, altered in polarization direction by a phase retardation means and redirected to the beamsplitter so as to combine with the modulated projection beam to form a composite beam. The composite beam is projected by a lens onto a screen so as to superimpose the second beam onto the output image. The color of the second beam is selected so as to mask color variations and improve color contrast of the output image. The graded intensity filter is selected to compensate for background brightness variations of the output image.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be more fully apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein like reference characters refer to like parts throughout and in which:
FIGS. 1a and 1b respectively illustrate the off-state and on-state operation of the conventional liquid crystal light valve used in the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is an optical schematic of the present invention in plan view illustrating the pertinent optical paths and polarization orientations.
The above-referenced Boswell patent discusses in detail the construction, theory, and operation of the hybrid field-effect liquid crystal light valve used in the present invention. For purposes of completeness, the patent is incorporated by reference herein. Because this element is vital to an understanding of the present invention, a brief explanation of this light valve will now be presented.
FIGS. 1a and 1b respectively illustrate the operation of the dark off-state and transmitting on-state of a conventional reflective type polarization light valve. Although the light rays are shown at angle to the normal to the light valve surface for the sake of clarity, in actual practice these rays are directed along the normal. In FIG. 1a, a polarizer 12 is placed between an illumination source 14 and the light valve 10 while a crossed analyzer 16 is placed in the path of the reflected beam. The liquid crystal light valve 10 is formed by confining a layer of liquid crystal material 18 between the transparent front plate 20 and dielectric mirror 22 located on backplate 24 here shown separate for clarity of illustration. A transparent electrode 26 is located on the inner surface of transparent front plate 20, and a similar transparent electrode 26a is on the inner surface of backplate 20. Transparent electrodes 26 and 26a are connected to an alternating voltage bias source 28. Located on the transparent electrode 26a on the surface opposite from backplate 24 is a layer 30 on photoresponsive material such as cadmium sulfide. Between the dielectric mirror 22 and photoresponsive layer 30 is placed a visible light blocking layer 31, typically cadmium telluride, to isolate the photoresponsive layer 30 from the projection light.
In the absence of imaging illumination, most of the voltage falls across the photoresponsive layer 30. In this condition, the liquid crystal is below its threshold for electro-optic activation. When imaging light in the spectral range from 520 to 550 nanometers illuminates the cadmium sulfide photoresponsive layer 30, the impedance of this layer drops and a voltage pattern corresponding to the image information is switched to the liquid crystal layer 18, thereby activating the liquid crystal.
The liquid crystal molecules of layer 18 are aligned in a twisted alignment configuration when the voltage across the liquid crystal is below its activation threshold. In this configuration, the long axes of the molecules adjacent to each electrode are oriented in a preferred direction which is fabricated into each electrode surface. The twisted (helical) alignment configuration is obtained by rotating the preferred direction on the two parallel opposed electrodes at a 45° angle so that the molecules in the bulk of the liquid crystal layer twist through the 45° angle to form a partial helix whose axis is perpendicular to the two electrodes.
In addition, the long axes of the molecules are tilted approximately 5° from the plane of the electrodes so that all molecules tilt in the same direction in the on-state.
Prior art alignment techniques for orienting molecules in these preferred directions include preparation of the substrate surfaces in contact with the liquid crystal material by shallow angle ion beam etching, or grazing angle deposition of inert insulating material. In the preferred alignment technique, two layers of SiO2 are deposited at a grazing angle as is described by Meyerhofer in Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 29, No. 11, Dec. 1, 1976.
A dark off-state occurs when the twisted liquid crystal structure rotates the polarization direction of the incident linearly polarized beam by 45° on a single passthrough. Upon reflection from the dielectric mirror 22, the light retraverses the liquid crystal and its direction of polarization is then rotated 45° in the opposite direction. Thus, the polarization direction of the reflected beam is rotated back to the polarization direction of the incident light. The analyzer 16, having its axis perpendicular to the polarizer axis, thereby blocks the linearly polarized beam to produce a dark off-state.
Referring now to FIG. 1b, a voltage above a threshhold is applied to the liquid crystal 18 by applying light 32 from an input image to the photoresponsive layer 30. As the voltage is applied, the molecules begin to tilt toward the perpendicular to the electrode surfaces. As the molecules tilt, the helical structure begins to untwist.
Reorientation of the formally twisted molecules of the liquid crystal changes the birefringence of the liquid crystal. As a result, the light that emerges from the hybrid field-effect light valve is elliptically polarized and that portion which lies in the plane of the analyzer 16 will be transmitted. Because the polarization modulation of the light by the liquid crystal is sensitive to the wavelength of the light, the color of the transmitted light will vary with applied voltage. The transmitted colors also vary with thickness of the liquid crystal layer. The light intensity of the input image, bias voltage of voltage source 28, and liquid crystal layer thickness are selected to provide yellow characters on a blue background. Further details of the relationship of color transmission characteristics to the voltage across and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer are described in Bleha et al, Proceedings of the 1977 Society for Information Display, International Symposium, pg. 104.
The image projector system of the present invention is shown by way of an optical schematic in FIG. 2. As an introduction to the detailed description of the invention which follows, the image to be projected is first displayed on a relatively low intensity cathode ray tube (CRT) 34. This image is optically coupled by any of a number of standard means such as a fiber optic plate or a relay lens 35 to a reflective field effect light valve 10. As discussed earlier, the liquid crystal light valve acts as a light modulator in the sense that incident polarized light, when reflected from the surface of the light valve, will experience a spatially distributed change of polarization proportional to the phosphor emission intensity on the screen of the CRT 34 to which the light valve is coupled. A polarizing beamsplitter prism 44 serves to both polarize and to analyze the projection light from a high intensity source 36, suitably a xenon arc lamp, to separate the light into two beams and then to relay the two respective light beams to the light valve 10 and to an image enhancer 54. Prism 44 further serves to recombine these two beams into a single beam which is projected by means of a projection lens 50 onto a projection screen 52.
The xenon arc lamp light source 36 emits unpolarized light IO which is reflected from a collecting mirror 38 and formed into a parallel beam of white light by a collimating lens 40. This collimated beam of unpolarized white light IO travels along a first optical axis 42 into the polarizing beamsplitter prism 44 normal to its surface and, in a preferred embodiment, at approximately 45° to the polarizing beamsplitter layer 46.
The polarizing beamsplitter 44 is preferably a polarization selective and light dividing device having multilayer dielectric coatings of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,403,731 issued to MacNeille. As disclosed in the MacNeille patent, a plurality of dielectric layers of appropriate index of refraction and thicknesses may be deposited at the interface between the two halves of the glass cube comprising prism 44 so that the layer 46 forms a 45° angle with the intercepting sides of a cube. In operation, the polarizing beamsplitter layer 46 transmits the component of light in the P polarization state (polarization vector in the plane of FIG. 2 and perpendicular to the direction of propagation) but reflects the light component in the S polarization state (polarization vector perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 2).
After the light beam IO enters prism 44, the light intercepts the beamsplitter layer 46 at approximately 45°. The S polarization state component IS is reflected by beamsplitter layer 46 along a second optical axis 48 which orthogonally intercepts the first optical axis 42. The light is incident on the reflecting face of liquid crystal light valve 10. Where the screen of CRT 34 has no phosphor emission and is therefore dark, the corresponding area of the light valve 10 remains in its offstate and the light is reflected from the light valve 10 with its polarization unchanged back to the polarizing prism 44. Because polarization of the light is unchanged from its original S state, the light is again reflected from beamsplitter layer 46 and returns to the light source 36 with the result that the light valve area imaged by projection lens 50 on porjection screen 52 appears dark. However, if phosphor areas of the screen of CRT 34 are bright, some or all of the light reflected from the light valve 10 is rotated from the S to the P polarization state. This component BIp, proportional to the intensity of the CRT screen, will pass through the beamsplitter layer 46 to projection lens 50 to form a bright image on projection screen 52. The remaining component AIS is reflected from beamsplitter layer 46 and directed back towards source 36 and is lost.
As described thus far, the image projected on screen 52 has the brightness and color limitations described earlier. In accordance with the present invention, however, there is additionally provided in the projector system an optical image enhancer 54 comprising graded neutral density filter 56, spectral filter 58, a phase retardation means such as a retardation plate 60 and a mirror 62. As will become apparent, the image enhancer 54 minimizes, if not eliminates, these limitations.
Now considering the operation of image enhancer 54, the P state component Ip of the unpolarized light beam IO passes through the beamsplitter layer 46 and is incident upon the graded neutral density filter 56 having a graded or spatially varying transmissivity selected so as to compensate for any brightness spatial variation otherwise present in the image projected on screen 52.
Graded filter 56 is positioned an optical path distance from projection lens 50 such that it is imaged approximately on screen 52. Areas of minimum and maximum transmission are fabricated in filter 56 to respectively compensate the brightest and dimmest regions of the image display projected from light valve 10 onto screen 52. In this manner, an image display is produced on screen 52 having a uniformly bright background.
In actual practice, it is not necessary to place the image of graded filter 56 precisely at screen 52. Rather, it may be desirable to slightly defocus the filter image for the reason that if small blemishes and dust particles are present on filter 56, precise imaging would objectionably superimpose the defects in highly magnified size upon the image display. However, by slightly defocusing the filter image, such small defects can be rendered imperceptible, while at the same time creating a negligible change in the desired image of the transmission pattern of filter 56 projected on screen 52.
Spatially graded filters are conventionally made by depositing a metallic coating on a glass substrate. They are available in virtually any specified spatial transmission pattern from a number of suppliers, including OCLI, Santa Rosa, Calif.
The spatially graded beam CIp is then transmitted through a blue (in a preferred embodiment) dichroic filter 58 to form blue beam DIp. Dichroic filter 58 is coated with a wavelength selective coating which transmits the blue component of the white incident projection light and rejects the other color components by reflecting them back towards the light source 36. Such a dichroic filter is a standard item produced by a number of vendors including OCLI, Santa Rosa, Calif.
One of the features of the present invention is the discovery that superimposing a beam of light having a spatially uniform, specific color onto the image produced by a liquid crystal display system having the earlier described tolerancing defects results in an enhancement of both the color uniformity and color contrast of the image. In particular, when the spectral filter 58 has a passband centered in the blue spectral region, the background color and color contrast is predominantly controlled by the filter. The resulting beneficial image color enhancement effects include:
1. masking the spatial color variations otherwise present;
2. increasing the reproducibility of image background color from system-to-system;
3. increasing color contrast by causing the yellow characters to appear whiter, and the background to appear the shade of blue required for optimum contrast;
4. allowing the substitution of the thin layer, hance fast response time, liquid crystal light valve for the thick layer, slow response light valve to thereby achieve the desired color contrast of yellow-white characters on a blue background while achieving video framing rates.
Spectral filter 58 can be fabricated to have any one of an unlimited number of spectral transmission characteristics to not only eliminate various image color defects, but also to match color backgrounds among different light valves. Furthermore, once fabricated a given filter can be color-tuned to shorter wavelengths by tilting the filter. A further advantage of tilting the filter is to direct any unwanted reflections of residual S polarized light which is transmitted by beamsplitter layer 46 away from the projection screen 52.
The retardation plate 60 converts the incident beam DIp into circularly or elliptically polarized light, either left or right handed. A subsequent reflection of this beam from a conventional mirror 62 at approximately normal incidence reverses the direction of the circular or elliptical polarization, for example, from left to right handed polarization. After retraversing through the retardation plate 60, the polarization direction is now rotated so that at least some of the P state light is converted into an S state component EIs. The beam thus formed consists of the respective S and P components, EIs and FIp. This beam is further filtered by again passing through spectral filter 58 and graded filter 56 to thereby form beam GIs and HIp. As is apparent to one of ordinary skill in the technology, the double pass of the light through filters 56 and 58 must be taken into account when the filter characteristics are selected. The S-state beam component GIs is directed by mirror 62 so that it is reflected from beamsplitter layer 46 and projected by lens 50 to superimpose an intensity-graded, blue background on the image formed by light valve 10 on projection screen 52.
Retardation plate 60 customarily made of mica or quartz, is available from a number of vendors, and in mica from Melles Griot as Catalog No. 02-WRM-005. In a preferred embodiment, the retardation plate has a thickness corresponding to a quarter-wave retardation for blue light.
The intensity of the blue light projected on porjection screen 52 is easily adjusted by rotation of the quarter-wave plate 60 in its own plane; that is, when the optic axis of the retardation plate is 45° to the incoming P polarization, the above described double pass through the plate 60 results in the incident P polarized light being rotated by 90° so that it is entirely in the S polarization state. This results in a maximum brightness projected to the screen. If on the other hand, the quarter-wave plate is rotated so that its optic axis is parallel to the incoming P polarized light, the light passes through the quarter-wave plate essentially unchanged and exits with the same polarization as it had upon entering the plate. In this situation, the light then passes through the beamsplitter layer 46 with the result that no blue light is projected onto the screen. Intermediate orientations of the quarter-wave plate produce intermediate intensities. As is thus apparent, rotating the quarter-wave plate 60 provides an easy and fast way of adjusting the intensity of the blue background light reaching projection screen 52. In this manner, light intensity is optimally adjusted so that the color nonuniformities otherwise present in the image from light valve 10 are masked and, in addition, the brightness of the image display increased.
In an operational embodiment of the projector system described above, a liquid crystal light valve having a 3.4 micrometer thick liquid crystal layer for TV repetition rate response times was used to produce an image having a black off state with yellow on state characters. This was done with the background light blocked. When unblocked, the additional blue light, produced with a spectral filter having a passband centered at a wavelength of approximately 450 nm, made the yellow characters whiter and masked color nonuniformities on the background. The display appeared significantly brighter, approximately 30, than without the additional blue light. Image contrast loss caused by superimposing the background light over the characters was barely perceptible. The quarter-wave plate was rotated to adjust the intensity of the blue background to obtain optimum color uniformity with a 30% increase in image brightness.
Among the advantages of the invention described above is that the unique and novel configuration of the quarter-wave plate, graded filter, and blue filter provides an effective method of increasing the manufacturing yield of expensive liquid crystal light valves by compensating simply and cheaply for variations in color and brightness. Furthermore, by retrieving projection light otherwise lost, the brightness of the display is considerably enhanced.
Although the present invention has been shown and described with references to a particular embodiment, nevertheless, various changes and modifications which are obvious to a person skilled in the art to which the invention pertains are deemed to lie within the spirit and scope of the invention.
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|US9081139 *||Sep 24, 2010||Jul 14, 2015||Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd.||Optical waveguide device|
|US20010022382 *||May 24, 2001||Sep 20, 2001||Shook James Gill||Method of and apparatus for sealing an hermetic lid to a semiconductor die|
|US20020098610 *||Mar 14, 2002||Jul 25, 2002||Alexander Payne||Reduced surface charging in silicon-based devices|
|US20020186448 *||Aug 15, 2001||Dec 12, 2002||Silicon Light Machines||Angled illumination for a single order GLV based projection system|
|US20020196492 *||Jan 15, 2002||Dec 26, 2002||Silicon Light Machines||Method and apparatus for dynamic equalization in wavelength division multiplexing|
|US20030025984 *||Aug 1, 2001||Feb 6, 2003||Chris Gudeman||Optical mem device with encapsulated dampening gas|
|US20030035189 *||Aug 15, 2001||Feb 20, 2003||Amm David T.||Stress tuned blazed grating light valve|
|US20030103194 *||Sep 5, 2002||Jun 5, 2003||Gross Kenneth P.||Display apparatus including RGB color combiner and 1D light valve relay including schlieren filter|
|US20030208753 *||Apr 10, 2001||Nov 6, 2003||Silicon Light Machines||Method, system, and display apparatus for encrypted cinema|
|US20040001257 *||Mar 8, 2001||Jan 1, 2004||Akira Tomita||High contrast grating light valve|
|US20040001264 *||Jun 28, 2002||Jan 1, 2004||Christopher Gudeman||Micro-support structures|
|US20040008399 *||Jul 2, 2001||Jan 15, 2004||Trisnadi Jahja I.||Method, apparatus, and diffuser for reducing laser speckle|
|US20040057101 *||Jun 28, 2002||Mar 25, 2004||James Hunter||Reduced formation of asperities in contact micro-structures|
|US20050122587 *||Dec 15, 2004||Jun 9, 2005||3M Innovative Properties Company||Optical polarizer|
|US20060290888 *||Apr 3, 2006||Dec 28, 2006||Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.||2D and 3D image display apparatus|
|US20080198279 *||May 2, 2006||Aug 21, 2008||Live Technologies Ltd.||Electro-Optical Filter|
|US20120183252 *||Sep 24, 2010||Jul 19, 2012||Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd.||Optical waveguide device|
|CN100419493C||Jan 19, 2005||Sep 17, 2008||鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司;鸿海精密工业股份有限公司||Optical switch and making method thereof|
|EP0220429A1 *||Sep 1, 1986||May 6, 1987||Siemens Aktiengesellschaft||Device for inserting sealing strips|
|EP0346455A1 *||Dec 20, 1988||Dec 20, 1989||Hughes Aircraft Co||Color corrector for embedded prisms and a color projection system comprising such a color corrected prism.|
|EP1662311A1 *||Jul 22, 2004||May 31, 2006||Seiko Epson Corporation||Projector|
|WO1999023520A1 *||Oct 22, 1998||May 14, 1999||Silicon Light Machines, Inc.||Display apparatus including grating light-valve array and interferometric optical system|
|WO2006119541A1 *||May 2, 2006||Nov 16, 2006||Live Technologies Limited||An electro-optical filter|
|U.S. Classification||349/9, 359/900, 348/E09.027|
|Cooperative Classification||H04N9/3167, Y10S359/90|
|European Classification||H04N9/31R5P, H04N9/31V|
|Jan 14, 1993||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: LIGHT VALVE PRODUCTS, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:006384/0985
Effective date: 19920831
|Jan 28, 1993||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: HUGHES-JVC TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:LIGHT VALVE PRODUCTS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:006426/0659
Effective date: 19920901


Perturbation analysis of Gaussian-beam-mode scattering at off-axis ellipsoidal mirrors
Murphy, Dr. Anthony J. and Withington, Dr. Stafford (1996) Perturbation analysis of Gaussian-beam-mode scattering at off-axis ellipsoidal mirrors. Infrared physics and technology, 37 . pp. 205-219.
We present an approximate technique, based on the principles of multimode Gaussian optics and perturbation theory, for calculating the distortions that occur when an off-axis ellipsoidal mirror is placed in the path of a weakly diffracting beam. More specifically, we calculate the Gaussian-beam-mode scattering matrices of off-axis ellipsoidal mirrors. The technique can be applied when the phase errors across the surface of the mirror are small. In this case, power is only scattered into a few neighbouring modes, and simple closed-form expressions can be derived for the elements of the scattering matrix.
Repository Staff Only: item control page


Quality control is a critical aspect of manufacturing, affecting product performance, safety, and customer satisfaction. In today's fast-paced and highly competitive industries, achieving and maintaining high levels of quality is non-negotiable. This is where laser vision systems come into play, offering precision, automation, and a heightened level of scrutiny in quality control processes. In this blog, we'll explore the essential role that laser vision systems play in ensuring impeccable quality in manufacturing.
Understanding Laser Vision Systems
Before we delve into their role in quality control, let's gain a better understanding of what laser vision systems are:
Laser vision systems are sophisticated technologies that combine lasers with high-resolution cameras and intelligent software. These systems capture detailed images and data, analyze them in real-time, and provide valuable insights into various aspects of a product or process.
Quality Control Precision
Detecting Microscopic Defects
Laser vision systems excel at detecting even the tiniest defects or irregularities in products. Whether it's a minuscule surface blemish or a microscopic variation in size, these systems don't miss a thing.
Ensuring Dimensional Accuracy
Manufacturing components with precise dimensions is crucial for product functionality. Laser vision systems can accurately measure dimensions, ensuring that every product meets the required specifications.
Automation and Efficiency
Streamlining Inspection Processes
Laser vision systems automate the inspection process, significantly reducing the need for manual inspections. This leads to faster production cycles and cost savings.
Consistency and Reliability
Automated inspections eliminate the human factor, resulting in consistent and reliable quality control. Laser vision systems maintain the same level of scrutiny for every product, 24/7.
Applications Across Industries
In the automotive industry, where safety and precision are paramount, laser vision systems inspect critical components like engines, transmissions, and chassis for defects and dimensional accuracy.
In electronics manufacturing, laser vision systems ensure that printed circuit boards (PCBs) are free of defects, guaranteeing the reliability of electronic devices.
Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices
Laser vision systems play a crucial role in inspecting pharmaceutical products and medical devices for contaminants, ensuring that they meet strict quality and safety standards.
Laser vision systems are the unsung heroes of modern manufacturing, ensuring that products meet the highest quality standards. Their precision, automation, and efficiency streamline quality control processes, reducing the risk of defects and enhancing overall product quality. In industries where safety, reliability, and precision are paramount, laser vision systems are indispensable tools that contribute to the success and reputation of manufacturers. As technology continues to advance, these systems will continue to play a pivotal role in maintaining a sharp focus on quality control in manufacturing.
- Butt Blank Seam Tracking Sensor
- Sheet Metal Seam Tracking & Seam Finding Sensor
- Medium and Heavy Plate Seam Tracking & Seam Finding Sensor
- Wide Field of View Seam Tracking Sensor
- General Seam Tracking & Seam Finding Sensor
- Laser Vision Welding Seam Tracking Sensor for Special Welding Machine


Mg-doped p-GaN epitaxial layers prepared at different temperatures were prepared and characterized. It was found that we could achieve a higher hole concentration and a rough surface by reducing the growth temperature down to 800 °C. In0.23Ga0.77N/GaN multiquantum well (MQW) light emitting diodes (LEDs) with such a low 800 °C-grown p-GaN cap layer were also fabricated. It was found that we could enhance the LED output intensity by more than 90% with the low 800 °C-grown p-GaN cap layer, as compared to the conventional high 1000 °C-grown p-GaN cap layer.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


90mm f/2.8 DG DN Contemporary I Series Lens: Sony FE
Mid Telephoto Prime for Sony E-mount
The Sigma 24mm f/2 DG DN Contemporary I Series lens is a portrait-length prime lens designed for the Sony E-mount full frame mirrorless cameras. As part of the Contemporary line, this lens is designed with convenience and performance in mind while you are shooting portraiture and selective everyday shooting. Its fast f/2.8 aperture helps to control depth of field and working in dimmer conditions. Optically, an aspherical element and five Special Low Dispersion (SLD) elements are employed to correct axial chromatic aberration so that the imagery is sharp and more accurately rendered. Additionally, application of a Super Multi-Layer Coating helps to minimise ghosting and flare to improve colour fidelity and contrast.
The lens features a stepping motor to deliver fast and quiet autofocus performance that benefits both stills and video applications while an inner focus system increases stability, As an I Series lens, it is characterised by a sleek and stylish physical design, and features a newly designed arc-type auto/manual focus switch, a mechanical aperture ring and an all-metal barrel construction for enhanced tactility. Rubber sealing at the lens mount protects the mount from dust and water droplets. A nine-blade diaphragm provides for a pleasing bokeh.
This lens comes supplied with a lens cap, a rear cap, a magnetic metal lens cap and a petal lens hood.


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Najmuddhin Ali Mar 09, 2019 4I had some issues with the product and I emailed Sijee Optical Communication Technology Co.,Ltd . Not only did he repond to me that day, he actually took time out of his day on a Saturday to talk me through it over the phone. I greatly appreciate it . I'm very pleased I bought this Fiber Cleaver Fujikura .
Peng Yangliu Mar 09, 2019 4Very fast delivery from manufacturer. Powerful. I didn't expect that the Fiber Cleaver Fujikura would be so good. The Customer service answer questions and help online. Recommend.
Z B-Z Mar 09, 2019 4This is my first Fiber Cleaver Fujikura so I can't really do any meaningful comparison. What I can say is that it exceeded my expectations. The profuct seems very nice.
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Visionix MW 50D Digital Slit Lamp
New MAGWIDE Slit Lamp: A revolution in
super-wide magnification fine optics
Available in clinical and digital versions.
Ultra-Wide Magnification Range
A newly-developed microscope with drum-type 5-step zoom and fine optics.
A new optical system enables bright imaging even at 50x magnification.
Drum-type zooming makes it easier to adjust the magnification within the wider range of 5x to 50x.
All optics for observation are multi-coated to enable clear and high-resolution images, resulting in extremely
high quality optics.
High Field of View Eyepiece
Wide field of view observation is possible even when wearing eyeglasses. Eyepieces can be fixed to the microscope tube to reduce gaps.
Tilting Tube (Option)
15° tilting angle allows observation at a natural posture for taller users. It is also possible to reduce the angle for shorter users.
Convergence Type Eyepiece Tube
The eyepiece tube converges at 8° from parallel optics for easy fusion, making more efficient and natural observation possible.
A new plate is employed for stress-free smooth focus adjustment.
An LED light source, whose wavelength is much closer to a halogen lamp, has been employed to give the slit lamp a bright, natural color. This eliminates the need for a filter to remove the common “bluish LED light” problem.
5M pixel wide dynamic range CMOS camera that reproduces natural color
Captures images at a high frame rate of 30 fps for smooth movies
Images MW Files
User-friendly, easy-to-view layout to suit wide monitors
High-resolution live view and movie capturing at1296 x 9 72 pixels


Limited Edition Leica 35mm Summicron ASPH Leica Screw Mount LTM L39 M39 Chrome Lens
I'm offering for sale a like new in box Leica 35mm Summicron ASPH in Leica screw mount. The lens is crafted in solid brass in beautiful chrome finishing. It's a limited edition marketed in Japan.
The sale also include a Leica vented hood (12504) which retails for $300.
Payment method: EMT, Paypal, Wire Transfer
Item condition: 10 Preowned equipment, but appears as new
Shipping instructions: Canada Post, USPS, FedEX
More images of the lens can be found here:
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Silicon photovoltaic devices do not effectively absorb infrared light. Recent research suggests that photon up-converting (UC) materials, which transform infrared light into visible light, can be used to boost photovoltaic efficiency up to 8%. Additionally, plasmonic metal nanoparticles can be used to boost the quantum yield of UC processes by 450X; plasmons in doped semiconductor nanocrystals promise even greater enhancements at lower cost. However, to design the next generation of high-efficiency UC solar cells, theoretical models of plasmons in doped semiconductor nanocrystals are needed. I propose to develop a first-principles model of carrier-doped semiconductor plasmons using a lightweight Hamiltonian construction capable of describing nanocrystal coupling to dielectric and nonlinear materials. I will combine analytical models with fast, flexible simulations to predict the enhancement of cutting-edge nanoparticle-UC photovoltaics. I will collaborate with the Gamelin group to compare my predictions with experiments on photodoped ZnO nanocrystals and test solar cell designs.
Advisor: David Masiello – Chemistry


ABOUT SRS MICROSYSTEMS
Address: 90-92 The Parade, High Street, Watford, WD17 1AW
Open: Monday to Saturday 9.00am-5.30pm
Late Night Thursday till 6.30pm
Product Code: JAA825DA
Reserve and collect in store
Select Collect in store at the checkout then pop into our Watford shop
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Seen it cheaper elsewhere? We'll match prices and offers. Terms Apply
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Speak to one of our experts and find a solution that's right for you. 01923226602
The Nikon AF-S DX 16-80mm F2.8-4E ED VR Nikkor Lens is a high-performance DX zoom lens with 16–80mm focal length range and bright f/2.8–4 aperture. With the latest technology and compact build, this is the ultimate walkabout lens for discerning photographers.
Nikon’s impressive Vibration Reduction keeps images sharp. An electromagnetic diaphragm ensures precise exposures at high frame rates. With a lightweight body that balances well on the camera and a protective fluorine coating, this lens is made for photographers with high expectations of their gear.
|Lens Mount||Nikon F|
|Lens Type||Standard Zoom|
|Warranty Period||1 Year|
When buying this bundle


nLight of the US has announced the acquisition of Liekki, the Finnish fiber manufacturer. The acquisition, which will be completed by the end of the month, will enable nLight to expand its product portfolio to supply a complete chain from semiconductor lasers and fibers to optical modules.
Alma Lasers Ltd., a global leader in the development and commercialization of innovative aesthetic laser, light-based, and radiofrequency systems, filed a response last week denying all Lumenis' patent infringement claims. Alma Lasers will vigorously defend its position.
Tomophase Corporation announced today that it will display the first cross-sectional images of excised human bronchial tissue using their patented optical coherence tomography ("OCT") system at the CHEST meeting in Chicago, October 22nd through October 24th.
Philips Solid-State Lighting Solutions, the entity formed by Philips' recent acquisition of Boston's Color Kinetics Inc., has been awarded a $250,000 contract by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
A new partnership with Duke Energy has Cree hoping to spread the word about its light-emitting diode technology.
It appears that video games are not the only hot item in the cosmos. In its first month of operation, the Seeing in the Dark Internet Telescope (SIDIT) has shot images of distant galaxies and nebulae in response to requests from more than 1,000 students around the world.
Modulight, Inc., a manufacturer of high- performance optical semiconductor components, today announced the arrival of its laser family's newest member: the high-power, single-emitter 1550 nm laser chip housed in a 9-mm TO-can. The product code is ML1470.
JDSU today announced it has formed a strategic partnership with Mintera, a high bit-rate optical transport systems solutions leader, to provide a complete 40 gigabits per second (40G) solution set to the telecom industry.
Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc., a developer of state-of-the-art, thin-film photovoltaic materials, announced today that the US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has contracted to increase funding of Ascent Solar's development of high-performance thin-film tandem photovoltaics (PV) based on their flexible monolithically integrated CIGS technology.
Residents of the 1,416-unit Eastchester Heights apartment complex in the Eastchester section of the Bronx now have Verizon's FiOS Internet service at their fingertips, delivered on the nation's most advanced digital all-fiber-optic network right into their homes. With FiOS Internet, they get download speeds of up to 50 Mbps.
The summer months can wreak havoc on our skin, but help is on the way thanks to new laser technology now available at a laser center and plastic surgery practice in St. Louis. Genesis Cosmetic Surgery Center & Laser Center recently upgraded its facility to offer five new laser devices that treat a variety of skin conditions and can be used for such procedures as laser hair removal, acne treatment, and spider vein removal.
QPC Lasers, Inc. a world leader in the development and commercialization of high-brightness, high-power semiconductor lasers for the industrial, defense, and medical markets, today announced that it has shipped its first 100-watt Generation III semiconductor laser to a medical customer in the U.S. for a surgical application.
Dow Corning Corp. today introduced three new two-part high refractive index (HRI) silicone encapsulants to serve the fast-growing light-emitting diode (LED) market.
Organic light emitting diode (OLED) specialist Novaled AG (Dresden, Germany) has teamed with ArcelorMittal, the world's largest steel maker, on a project to develop top-emitting OLEDs on flexible substrates for signage and lighting at the steel group's research centre in Liege, Belgium.
Laser Energetics, Inc. (Pink Sheets: LNGT.PK) is pleased to announce the Company's new, all solid- state Alexandrite laser technology, "BrightStar,(TM)" has been selected by the US Army as the technology of choice for a near term "remote sensing "application in detecting chemical warfare agents.


Sony DT 18-135mm f/3.5-5.6 SAM Lens
Sony’s new DT 18-135mm f/3.5-5.6 SAM lens has been developed to cover the focal lengths that are most frequently used by everyday photographers. This lens is designed for cameras with APS-C sized sensors and provides field-of-view coverage equivalent to 27-202.5mm in 35mm format. A good choice for photographers who want a single lens to go with their camera body, it produces sharp images with low levels of common aberrations.
The DT 18-135mm f/3.5-5.6 SAM lens, pictured without caps and supplied lens hood. (Source: Sony.)
Its optical design consists of 14 elements in 11 groups and includes a single ED (Extra-low Dispersion) glass lens element as well as a pair of aspherical lens elements to minimise common aberrations and subdue flare. The AF motor is Sony’s proprietary Smooth Autofocus Motor (SAM), an internal motor that doesn’t rely on the old screw-driven AF system operated by the camera.
SAM motors provide reasonably fast autofocusing, combined with a fairly low noise level, making the SAL-18135 quieter than other entry-level model lenses in Sony’s line-up. This lens supports Direct Manual Focus (DMF), which allows users to switch between AF and MF without removing their eyes from the viewfinder.
The lens is supplied with front and end caps plus a deep, petal-shaped lens hood with a bayonet attachment that reverses onto the lens for storage. Multi-lingual instructions sheets are also provided, although they’re not particularly informative.
Build and Ergonomics
Build quality is a cut above Sony’s normal kit lenses, thanks to a metal mounting plate and higher quality fit and finish. Although the lens barrel is largely made from polycarbonate plastic it is solid and has a ‘quality’ feel. Weighing only 398 grams and just 73 mm long, it is compact enough to be an excellent ‘travelling’ lens when partnered with one of Sony’s lighter SLT-A series cameras.
The zoom ring is 33 mm wide and starts about 10 mm back from the front of the lens. It feels quite tight but moves smoothly and positively as you span the focal length range. It takes roughly a quarter of a turn to zoom from 18mm to 135mm, which extends the inner barrel by approximately 58 mm. The inner barrel consists of two pieces, which are closely integrated but move different distances.
The zoom ring carries a 25 mm wide rubber grip band with narrow parallel ridges. Focal length distanced for 18mm, 24mm, 35mm, 50mm, 70mm, 100mm and 135mm are stamped around the trailing edge of this ring for lining up against a white line on the fixed section of the outer lens barrel just behind the ring.
A zoom lock is provided to the right of the 18mm position to prevent the lens from extending when you don’t want it to. (We never needed to use it.)
The focusing ring is a little slacker and it’s located roughly seven millimetres behind the zoom ring. Approximately 12 mm wide, it is covered with a ridged, rubber grip.
This ring can be rotated through 360 degrees in both AF and MF modes. There’s a slight resistance at one point but without a distance scale, we wouldn’t determine precisely where.
A slider for switching between AF and MF is located on the left hand side of the lens barrel behind the focusing ring. The front element does not rotate during focusing or zooming, allowing use of angle-critical attachments like polarisers.
Our shooting tests were carried out with the Sony SLT-A57 camera, which is reviewed separately. The review lens was a comfortable fit on this camera body and its relatively small size created a good balance for shooting both stills and movies.
In our Imatest tests, JPEG files taken with the lens on the A57 body came close to meeting expectations for the sensor resolution and edge and corner softening were relatively low across the focal length and aperture ranges supported. The graph below shows the results of our tests.
The highest resolution figures were recorded between one and three f-stops down from maximum aperture. Diffraction began to affect resolution from about f/8, with a steady decline down to f/22.
Lateral chromatic aberration was mostly negligible, wandering into the ‘low’ band at aperture settings of f/5.6 and smaller for the 100mm and 135mm focal lengths. In the graph of our Imatest tests below, the red line marks the border between ‘negligible’ and ‘low’ CA, while the green line marks the beginning of the ‘moderate’ CA band.
You can set the A57 to correct this aberration so it’s largely irrelevant for owners of the new camera. We found no significant signs of coloured fringing in test shots when correction was switched off.
Correction of rectilinear distortions is also available in-camera. With this correction switched off, the lens shows noticeable barrel distortion between 18mm and 35mm. Thereafter, the field of view appeared to be relatively flat.
Vignetting was slight enough to be negligible at f/3.5 with the 18mm focal length and reduced as focal length was increased. It was not evident at the longest focal lengths, even with wide aperture settings.
Backlighting was handled extremely well and it was difficult to force the lens to flare when the lens hood was in place. Close-ups were also quite successful when the 135mm focal length was used at the close-focusing limit of 45 cm. Bokeh was smooth and attractive.
Buy this lens if:
– You want a compact and lightweight general-purpose zoom lens for everyday and travel photography and shooting movies with a Sony DSLR.
– You require superior performance and good flatness of field.
– You’d like a lens that requires no readjustment when you fit polarisers and graduated filters.
Don’t buy this lens if:
– You need true macro capabilities.
– You don’t use a Sony SLT-A series camera.
Picture angle: 76 to 12 degrees
Minimum aperture: f/22
Lens construction: 14 elements in 11 groups, including 2 aspheric and 1 ED glass elements
Lens mount: Sony A-Mount (Minolta AF)
Diaphragm Blades: 7 (circular aperture)
Focus drive: Internal focusing via Smooth Autofocus Motor (SAM) with Direct Manual Focus (DMF)
Stabilisation: No (sensor-shift in camera body)
Minimum focus: 45 cm
Maximum magnification: 0.25x
Filter size: 62 mm
Dimensions (Diameter x L): 85.5 x 73 mm
Weight: 398 grams
(based on JPEG files from the Sony SLT-A57)
Vignetting at 18mm, f/3.5.
Vignetting at 135mm, f/5.6.
Distortion at 18mm.
Distortion at 135mm.
18mm focal length, 1/80 second at f/10, ISO 100.
135mm focal length, 1/15 second at f/8, ISO 100.
Controlled flare; 30mm focal length, 1/640 second at f/13, ISO 100.
Strong backlighting; 35mm focal length, 1/2000 second at f/11, ISO 200.
Close-up in Macro mode; 135mm focal length, 1/320 second at f/6.3, ISO 100.
135mm focal length, 1/250 second at f/11, ISO 250.
AF Tracking with continuous shooting – beginning of burst; 90mm focal length, 1/1000 second at f/5.6, ISO 250.
AF Tracking with continuous shooting – end of 20-shot burst; 90mm focal length, 1/1000 second at f/5.6, ISO 320.
In-camera chromatic aberration switched off; 18mm focal length, 1/125 second at f/5.6, ISO 100.
Crop from the above image, enlarged to 100% to show little evidence of coloured fringing.
Additional image samples can be found with the review of the Sony SLT-A57 camera.
RRP: AUD $649; US$500
- Build: 8.5
- Handling: 8.5
- Image quality: 8.5
- Versatility: 9.0


While LED lights have longer lives, generate less heat and use less power than incandescent bulbs, their practical applications are still limited (chances are, you don't know anybody with an LED-lit house). That's because they're expensive, with lots of tiny bulbs racking up large price tags. Furthermore, their sterile white light can make a home feel like a DMV office.
But for flashlights–particularly the tiny drawer-size variety–LEDs are perfect–bright, long-lasting and more durable than shatter-prone incandescent bulbs.
Take the LED Energizer Hard Case Tactical 2AA Second Generation Handheld Light ($125.00). This military-grade light is tough as nails–it can survive 15-foot drops and immersion in water. Its 70-lumen white bulb augmented by separate blue, red and green LED lights (useful for applications such as map-reading when you don't want a bright light to give away your location). But the best feature? If you're short a battery, it can still produce a (dimmer) beam with a single AA.
More From Popular Mechanics
One more example of good design: The base of the light is flat enough for that it can stand up straight, with the head swiveling almost 180 degrees. It's a particularly useful feature when you don't have a spare hand to hold up a light. Though it appears bulky, it's one of the more versatile lights we've seen in a while. –Seth Porges


3-Pack Blue Light Blocking Glasses for Women/Men Blue Light Glasses for Teens, Square Computer Glasses Anti Eye Strain/UV/Glare, Gaming Glasses Reading Glasses Non-Prescription
$16.99 - $12.93
(as of Sep 25,2022 08:36:57 UTC – Details)
Ousudela devotes in accessories for years and obsesses by everlasting concepts, exquisite skills and cost-effective materials.
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1. Stylists joined designing
2. Classic timeless round frame
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4. Special keyhole bridge design, stylish, stable and comfortable
5. Fine metal is inserted in hinges to improve senses of high quality
6. Exclusive amber leopard print color
Ousudela aims to create Blue Light Blocking Glasses with both high technology and sense of beauty.
We offer high technology glasses:
1. Blocking 100% harmful blue light (50% of all blue light)
2. Upgraded PC material frame
3. Ergonomic Design
4. UV400 protection
5. HD Lens
6. Reappear real colors
Anti eye strain
Exposing to blue light generated by PC, smartphones for long time may cause eye strain and blurred vision which can seriously affect your work and study efficiency.
Wearing ousudela blue light blocking glasses can prevent the damages bring by blue light.
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Feeling headache for long-time computer using?
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Many factors affect our sleep quality including long-time use of cellphone, iPad, PC and etc.
These smart screens generate blue light to influence our health which may lead to eye strain, dry eyes, headache and finally affect your sleep quality.
Reducing harm by blue light by wearing ousudela blue light blocking eyes to bring you better sleep.
A pair of ousudela Blue Light Glasses will protect you from annoying blue light
【Blue Light Hurts】blue light hurts because of 1: all visible blue light can directly reach retina and damage light-sensitive cells there. 2: as unfocused visual “noise”, blue light reduces contrast and contributes to digital eye strain. 3. blue light suppressed melatonin which badly affects sleep quality.
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Rigid Industries Dually Series Spot LED Light - Set of Two LED -Amber Color
A 4 LED light in a compact 2x2 package that can be used for anything from a reverse light on a truck, a handlebar light on a Motorcycle, to a flood light on a trailer. With 1000 lumens of light, this small light has the same light output as a 50W MR16. At a small 3"X 3" this light can fit anywhere. Pulling only 10W you won't find a more efficient, compact light source in HID or halogen. This light pulls half of what your stock turn signals use.
This product hasn't received any reviews yet. Be the first to review this product!
All prices are in USD.


Fluorescence microscopy is indispensable in nanoscience and biological sciences. The versatility of labeling target structures with fluorescent dyes permits to visualize structure and function at a subcellular resolution with a wide field of view. Due to the diffraction limit, conventional optical microscopes are limited to resolving structures larger than 200 nm. The resolution can be enhanced by near-field and far-field super-resolution microscopy methods. Near-field methods typically have a limited field of view and far-field methods are limited by the involved conventional optics. Here, we introduce a combined high-resolution and wide-field fluorescence microscopy method that improves the resolution of a conventional optical microscope by exploiting correlations in speckle illumination through a randomly scattering high-index medium: Speckle correlation resolution enhancement (SCORE). As a test, we collect two-dimensional fluorescence images of 100-nm diameter dye-doped nanospheres. We demonstrate a deconvolved resolution of 130 nm with a field of view of 10 x 10 \mu m 2 .
|Publication status||Published - 2014|


waterproof ip65 rgb changable lighting strips dmx512 led linear light
RGB dmx led linear light
DMX512 Control / SPI control / Normally on
Length and power is available
LED Light Source:
1000000 Piece/Pieces per Month RGB linear light
Packaging & Delivery
carton box/wooden case to pack
Shipped in 7-25 days after payment
Related products, click to know more!
Customized waterproof ip65 rgb changeable lighting strips dmx512 led linear light
Model No: ECO-BFL26-02A dmx linear light
Luminous Angle: 110°
Electrical Safety Class:3 Class
Production Technology:Waterproof Structure
Control Method:DMX512 control/SPI/Normally On
Luminous Size: L1000*W26*H37.2mm
Led color:R/G/B/RGB/RGBW/W and more
Outdoor Weather Resistant:5/Years
Mounting: Nonadjustable brackets
Size and Installation
Ecobene specializes in the design, manufacture and supply of lighting fittings and accessories for exterior lighting applications. It has more than 7 years of experience providing certified, energy efficient lighting solutions and fittings to the decorative or architectural applications. Ecobene works closely with its core customers, typically professional lighting specifiers which includes lighting project company, lighting designers, lighting distributor but also many other types and categories of clients cross Amercia, Europe, Southeast Asia and the Middle East. Product Design: We design, develop and provide fittings that use the latest lighting technologies as they evolve to meet the technical requirements, energy efficiencies and the environmental and aesthetic demands of our customers. Manufacture: We manufacture our fittings in a specialist works in Shenzhen using a dedicated and highly skilled assembly team and import advanced technical materials from CREE, Mean Well and Phillips such as chips and drivers. Supply: In addition to our own ranges of fittings, like LED wall washer, LED linear light, LED direct view alumium bar, exterior led spot light, we also manufacture LED strip light, LED tube etc.
Q: Are you the factory or trading company?
A: We are the factory direct sale, provide factory price and good after sale service.
Q: Can you design led lights on clients' request?
A: It is ok for us to design the lights on clients requet. Because we have our own enginners.
Q: What is the other products?
A: LED flood light, LED contour light, LED pixel light, LED strip light, DMX control systems and so on.


REVIEW: Nikon AF-S 105mm f/2.8G ED IF VR Micro Lens
1 March 2011
Excerpt: This Micro lens from Nikon, was the first of it's kind to include vibration reduction when it was introduced. It sports a fast f/2.8 maximum aperture, a silent wave focusing motor, which allows full time manual focus override and Nikon's Nano Crystal anti-reflective lens coatings.
Conclusion: There is not a lot I can criticise about this lens considering the optical performance along side the build quality and features. I think it will find a lot of friends amongst both professionals and keen amateurs alike.
Pros: The only true macro with stabilisation. And it works, Truly superb optical quality, Rapid and silent autofocus
Cons: The price, Drop-off in resolution at the edges when wide open. (Minor)
Excerpt: Not only is it a large optic, it works out at 120g heavier than Canon's 100mm macro, weighing in at a mighty 720g. It's unique in that it's the only lens to incorporate optical image stabilisation with Nikon's Vibration Reduction (VR II) function offering the equivalent stability of a shutter speed...
Conclusion: What can be written in the summary? Nikkor 2.8/105 VR is undoubtedly a very fine instrument, which will enable us taking very sharp photos. The problem (problem for Nikon, not to its customers) is that there is a great competition in the class of macro lenses of focal length 100 mm.
Cons: some problems at work against bright light, prohibitive price


₹898.00 - ₹699.00
(as of May 22,2022 15:00:16 UTC – Details)
★[ Features ] : – Color : Black – Magnification : 12X – Field of view : 246m – Exit pupil : dia 3.3mm – Lens magnification : 12X – Eye relief : 8.0 to 13mm – Angle of view : 9 degree – Objective lens : dia 18mm – Minimum focus distance : 3m – Full set : telescope lens + lens splint. Compatible With :- Samsung Galaxy M20 M30 S9 Plus A8 Plus A6+ Note 8 S8 C7 Pro A9 M10 J8 J7 J7 Pro S7 Edge , Vivo V15 Pro V12 Pro V15 Y93 , Xiaomi Redmi Note 7 Pro Mi A2 Note 7 Note 3 Note 4 Note 5 Pro Note 6 Pro , Motorola Moto G5 Plus Moto G4 Plus HTC Desire 728G Lenovo K8 Note OnePlus 7 OnePlus 6T Honor 7A Honor 10 Lite Honor Play 7 Honor 9i Realme 2, 3 Pro Realme C1 iPhone 6 Plus 6s iPhone SE iPhone 7 Plus iPhone 8 Plus iPhone X iPhone XR iPhone XS Max iPhone 7Plus iPhone 8Plus iPhone XSMax Sony Xperia
12X TELEPHOTO LENS: Cell phone telephoto lens with high quality & multi-layer coating glass to get a clear photo for a far distance object. Non-slip rubber focus wheel makes you easy to focus.
CLIP ON & TIGHTEN SCREW: Phone lens kit with old version clip may slip due to the weakness. However, Strong clip with extra tighten mechanism can avoid slipping. tight & precise connection make it more stable to take photos. High magnification – the best choice for taking pictures. 4K HD, clear and bright image.
Portable and Durable: High quality plastic material increases the durability. Unique camera lens appearance makes it stylish and sleek. Portable design also allows you to put it into your pocket and take amazing pictures everywhere Mobile phone’s quality of imaging can be improved evidently. Applicable to watch the game, concerts, tourism, observe animal lovers, news reporter long-distance shooting etc
PRACTICALITY:- The cell phone zoom lens allows you capture the scenery far away clearly and provide you a high-resolution close-up picture, If you get a un-clear picture when using this telescope, please adjust the focus slowly until you get a clear picture. It helps to get high-resolution close-ups or telescope quality pics without you having to carry around a real telescope.


In order to ensure that an astronomical mount remains precisely aligned with a selected object, the tracking must be controlled. This control can be carried out using a small telescope mounted parallel to the main telescope. This telescope is called a guidescope.
In contrast to a normal finderscope, guidescopes allow the connection of a camera to enable the auto-guiding method of tracking control. Guidescopes can also be used as finderscopes, however, the eyepiece required for this is not usually included in the scope of delivery.


There are a few key things to look for when picking the right pair of sunglasses. “When buying sunglasses,” says Dr. Cohen, “make sure they carry a consumer-protection label stating they’re 99-100% UV-absorbent, or provide UV absorption up to 400 nanometers (nm).
“Once you’ve eliminated the threat from UV light, you can focus on other issues, such as reducing glare and choosing a tint that will allow you to control the degree of brightness reaching your eyes.”
Here’s a rundown of other things to consider when picking the perfect pair of sunglasses:
- Go big or wrap it: Bigger frames and lenses, and also wrap-around styles, give you more UV protection because they block peripheral rays.
- Pick polar: Polarized lenses block out sunlight glare bouncing off windshields, pavement, and other smooth surfaces.
- Consider color: Gray lenses are best. Why? They don’t change colors. Green and brown lenses are good too.
- Purchase prescription shades: If you wear prescription glasses, why not add prescription sunglasses to your eyewear wardrobe?
- Shade your specs: You can make your regular glasses into sunglasses. Look for clip-on or magnetic tinted lenses that can attach to your specs.
- Automate: Ask your eye doctor about photochromic lenses. They automatically get darker outside, then return to normal inside.


High intensity LED strobe light. Utilizing 18 LEDs to create a 360 degree pattern. Shatterproof polycarbonate construction.
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Superwave Laser Cleaner - Oil Removal
Using laser to remove oil stains, it can be seen under the 200 times color microscope that before the laser cleaning, the surface is covered with oil spots of different sizes, which completely overshadow the quality of the steel. After cleaning, the oil spot on the surface is completely removed, showing a bright white base color.
And compared with traditional cleaning methods, laser cleaning has a significant advantage in removing oil pollution:
1. Oil cover surface -- moderate pollution;
2. Mechanical grinding surface -- severe damage roughening;
3. Surface of chemical cleaning - moderate damage roughing;
4. Surface of laser cleaning - no damage.


A group of small factories in Tokyo has succeeded in taking remote video of the deep seabed off Japan’s northeastern coast in a project aimed at showcasing the companies’ technological capabilities.
The group has said its deep-sea research device, nicknamed the Edokko 1, captured 3-D images of shrimp and fish in the Japan Trench at a depth of some 8,000 meters.
The group’s research ship returned to port Sunday in Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture.
The group said video images had never before been captured at such depth. The project “has proven the technology developed by small factories has world-level competitiveness,” said group leader Yukio Sugino, 64, who runs a rubber product factory in Katsushika Ward, Tokyo.
The group started the project in May 2009 and received support from Shibaura Institute of Technology and Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology.


This premium Toslink Digital Optical Cable from Tripp Lite provides the ultimate in pure, digital audio quality. Using superior grade optical fiber, and precision polished optical connectors, this Toslink cable offers a clean signal at even the most extreme volumes to give you a detailed, rich sound.
|Brand Name||Tripp Lite|
|Frequency Band||Digital Optical Fiber offers the best in Audio clarityPrecision polished optical termination minimizes loss for better high frequencies, and a more realistic stereo imageImmune to all Electromagnetic and Radio-Frequency interferenceEliminates distortion caused by inductance, capacitance, and resistance found in copper cables|
|Cable Connectors||1 x Toslink Male|1 x Toslink Male|
|Cable Length||3.28 ft|
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Shortly after startup lens maker Noktor went out of business, a company called SLR Magic decided to acquire the brand and continue the Noktor project. Now, the company is planning on launching a 50mm f/0.95 “HyperPrime” lens for the Leica M mount. It’ll be a 6-bit coded lens that’s significantly cheaper than the Noctilux lenses offered by Leica.
(via Steve Huff Photos)
A little over a year ago, US-based startup company Noktor announced a manual focus HyperPrime 50mm f/0.95 lens for Micro Four Thirds cameras that generated some buzz, and there was even murmurings of the lens being released for Canon and Nikon DSLRs. The company never really took advantage of the excitement they caused and not much was heard about the project since then. At the end of last week, the company took down the Noktor website and announced that the effort had come to an end.
Some years ago Canon offered a f/1.0 version of its 50mm L lens. They’ve since stopped manufacturing lenses faster than f/1.2, and US-based company Noktor thinks there’s an opportunity for relatively affordable “hyperprime” lenses.
Today, it announced the Noktor HyperPrime 50mm f/0.95, a manual focus lens designed for Micro Four Thirds cameras. The $750 lens will begin shipping on April 15th, but the company is accepting preorders on their website. In addition to Micro Four Thirds, the company has a poll asking which mount it should design lenses for next.
Here’s a photograph shot with the lens showing its low light performance:
One of the problems with having such a large aperture is that the resulting depth-of-field is so shallow. The lens, being more than a stop faster than an f/1.4 lens, could be very difficult to focus correctly for shots were precision is needed. It was one of the complaints people had against the Canon 50mm f/1.0, though that lens was autofocus.
It’s interesting to see another lens company pop up for a specific type of lens, just like Lensbaby and its creative focus lenses.
P.S.: Various sources are saying the lens is almost identical to the Senko 50mm f/0.95 C-mount CCTV lens.


Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., the aerospace arm of Westminster-based metal-packaging manufacturer Ball Corp. (NYSE: BLL), has completed design review on the Wide Field Instrument, which the company is developing in collaboration with NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.
The Wide Field Instrument will be the primary science instrument on the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, formerly known as the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope.
In a statement, Mackenzie Lystrup, vice president and general manager for civil space for Ball Aerospace, said, “Now that we have passed this critical milestone, we will continue to work hand-in-hand with NASA as we move from the design phase and into building and integrating the instrument. It’s always exciting to get to the hardware build, and particularly in this case as WFI is the central science instrument on Roman.”
Ball’s primary responsibility is the opto-mechanical assembly, which includes the optical bench, thermal control system, precision mechanisms, optics, electronics, and the relative calibration system that provide the stable structural and thermal environment necessary for wide-field, high-quality, infrared observations. Ball will integrate the Goddard-provided 302-megapixel focal plane subsystem into the instrument and host instrument level verification and environmental testing.
The Roman Space Telescope is designed to unravel the secrets of dark energy, search for and image exoplanets, and explore many topics in infrared astrophysics. While its 2.4 meter telescope is the same size as Hubble’s, the WFI enables a field of view 100 times greater than Hubble’s at the same resolution.
Ball’s work with NASA on the Roman Space Telescope continues a relationship that spans almost 60 years. Ball built seven science instruments for the Hubble Space Telescope, as well as the advanced optical technology and lightweight mirror system for the James Webb Space Telescope.
Overall, Ball has played a role in all of NASA’s Great Observatories — Compton Gamma Ray, Hubble Space Telescope, Chandra X-Ray Observatory, Spitzer Space Telescope and James Webb Space Telescope. Roman Space Telescope continues that tradition.
© 2021 BizWest Media LLC


DJ-8 5×58 / 7,5×58
From 3.490,00 €
incl. VAT plus shipping and handling
- Stepless focus adjustment
- Ergonomic operability
Don’t allow yourself any weaknesses. As the world’s only manufacturer of night vision technology, we rely on the consistent use of magnesium. And use only high-quality image intensifier tubes that have been tuned for hunting use in collaboration with our cooperation partner Photonis.
The sorting indicates whether and how many inclusions are present in the image tube at maximum.
First grade = picture tube without or only with very light inclusions.
Second grade = picture tube with medium to heavy inclusions.
Please note: A higher power category is more crucial for an optimal picture than a better grade.
The power categories describe the performance of the image intensifier tubes. Power Category I has the lowest light gain – Power Category III has the best and the more optimal signal-to-noise ratio for a crisp image.
Auto-Gating was developed to maintain the performance of image intensifier tubes, even under difficult lighting conditions at night, and to extend their service life.
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Spectro-UV's X-Series lamps are ideally suited for applications where high-intensity, wide-area UV coverage is required. Constructed of rugged metal with sturdy mounting brackets, these units are available in various combinations of long, medium and/or short wave UV. The complete line also offers lamps in a wide choice of various intensities, sizes and-wattage, including single or double UV tubes. A corrosion-resistant aluminum reflector optimizes UV irradiance, while all short and medium wave models feature our unique LONGLIFE™ filter glass, to ensure high initial UV intensity. These versatile lamps are also a key component of our CL-150 UV photo documentation system. They offer easy wavelength interchangeability making this system ideal for numerous applications requiring a darkened environment.


|Ring of Fire|
Saco has provided Clear Channel Entertainment, a leading producer and marketer of live entertainment events, with Saco’s newly designed high-brightness RGB lighting products, which are marketed through its Illumivision subsidiary.
Custom spotlights, designed in a unique and special shape and containing thousands of high-brightness multi-colored LEDs, are used throughout the concert venue to cast beams of light down onto the stage.
The entire border of the stage is embedded with 3,500 high-brightness RGB pixels and has over 300 lumens of light output per unit for a total of over 1 million lumens. The border runs around the whole circumference of the stage illuminating its entirety; as well as providing lighting effects, the technology can be addressed with a high-speed real-time video signal.
|Red LEDs for U2|
"It has been a pleasure to work with the creative team behind the U2 tour," said Fred Jalbout, president of Saco Technologies Inc. "Once again, we have brought their imagination to life by creating ground breaking custom designed products that represent their innovative vision."
Based in Montreal, Quebec, Saco Technologies Inc. is a pioneer in the design and manufacture of large-format LED video display systems, and now has a thriving lighting division, Illumivision.


Sensors for Remote Kill Assessment for Hit-to-Kill Threat Engagements
Agency / Branch:
DOD / MDA
Bodkin Design and Engineering proposes the development of a dual-band stand-off detector with both infrared imaging and hyper-spectral capabilities. The Dual-Band system will be modified to provide MWIR imaging for total integrated energy at high spatial resolution while a proprietary Hyperpixel Array will provide detailed data on the chemical make-up of debris at high spectral resolution in the VNIR, and low to moderate spatial resolution. The hyperspectral system will be able to track up to 100 independent debris elements in the field, producing high sensitivity spectra on each.
Small Business Information at Submission:
BODKIN DESIGN & ENGINEERING, LLC
P.O. Box 81386 Wellesley, MA 02481
Number of Employees:


Kaunas University team develops cheaper “hole-transporter” for 17% PV process efficiency.
Research project at Loughborough, UK, uses LIBS to identify heritage materials.
University of Southampton engineers test fly and safely land “SULSA” – a laser-printed unmanned aircraft.
Non-invasive device could end daily discomfort for people with diabetes; Leeds, UK, group aiming for market in 2-3 years.
Results presented at US industry forum; Imec also describes 35% potential of hybrid with silicon.
Optical technique appears able to distinguish between different tumor shapes in University of Twente study.
Q-Eye from UK’s Warwick University is sensitive to single photons; new spin-off targets applications in security.
Frequency comb ensures crosstalk between multiple comms channels within the same fiber is reversible.
Three-year ESSenTIAL program has taken technology to industry, developed new products, and trained hundreds in Si-Photonics techniques.
Scientists at Zepler Institute say method will enable "previously impossible" fiber structures and applications.
'Virtual lab' to specialize in development of ultra-high-efficiency photovoltaic devices for both CPV and consumer use.
New Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology to pursue joint projects in photonics, nano, high-energy physics and biochemistry.


DEVELOPMENT AND TEST OF BLIMP-BASED COMPACT LIDAR POWEWR-LINE INSPECTION SYSTEM
Keywords: Compact LIDAR, Unmanned blimps, Transmission line inspection, Flight along power-line, Safety hazards analysis
Abstract. This paper introduces a compact LIDAR system designed to inspect overhead transmission line for maintenance purposes. This LIDAR system is carried by a small unmanned helium airship, which is guided by GPS and laser ranging to fly automatically along the power-line over a limited distance. The 3D coordinates of the power line, power tower and power line channel features are gathered by LIDAR. Test have been accomplished using this blimp-based compact LIDAR power-line inspection system. Its inspections of a 500kV power lines also shows the high efficient inspection, less risk to personnel and more inspections per day compared with manual inspection.


Nokia, Etisalat complete successful single-carrier terabit-per-second field trial
Nokia, in partnership with UAE provider Etisalat, has successfully completed a field trial of single-carrier terabit-per-second data transmission on a deployed fibre network.
The trial transmitted a record 50.8Tb/s using multiple wavelengths, each with a net information rate of 1.3Tb/s over a 93km fibre route. This comes as Etisalat invests in its core network infrastructure in the UAE region, in anticipation of the increase in traffic from high bandwidth services.
The field trial demonstrates that the existing network can support the higher optical wavelength bit rates that will be required to support high-bandwidth services such as 5G extreme mobile broadband, fibre-to-the-home (FTTH) and data centre interconnect (DCI) cloud services. Higher bit-rates-per-wavelength are designed to provide power and space savings, as well as improved network simplicity, increased spectral efficiency and capacity, and reduced cost-per-bit.
Leveraging a single optical carrier operating at 100GBd, the terabit wavelengths employed Nokia Bell Labs probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) to intelligently shape the signal to achieve maximum capacity for the specific fibre route. Nokia’s Photonic Service Engine 3, a coherent digital signal processor which uses PCS, is now shipping to customers as part of the company’s 1830 portfolio.
Esmaeel Alhammadi, senior vice president, network development at Etisalat, commented: ‘We are pleased to have partnered with Nokia Bell Labs to demonstrate that our optical network is capable of transporting a terabit-per-second over a single wavelength, and a total per-fibre capacity of over 50Tb/s. Increasing network capacity helps us to provide bandwidth-hungry services such as 5G extreme mobile broadband, fibre-to-the-home and DCI for enterprises.’
Sam Bucci, head of optical networking at Nokia, added: ‘The introduction of 5G will require a network that can support dramatic increases in bandwidth in a dynamic fashion. This trial with Etisalat is testimony to Nokia’s commitment to continue to invest in coherent and optical component technologies required to meet the 5G networking challenge at the lowest total cost of ownership for our customers.’