Parami Distribution Sdn. Bhd. is a manufacturer and supplier specializing in digital PA system, digital audio system, HD surveillance CCTV, long range sound system and LED light bulbs in Malaysia. We have years of experience and offer quality products at competitive prices to meet different business needs and industrial applications. Our goal is to provide our worldwide customers with high quality service, innovative solutions and to exceed our customers' expectations.
We emphasize very much on digital audio and PA system's R&D, continually introducing latest offerings in the market. Today Parami is seen as one of the leading PA system and LED light bulb manufacturer with a strong foundation in customer base, technology and variety of products. We hold strict quality check throughout our production on PA, sound systems and CCTV installations for higher customer's satisfaction.
We recognize the growing demand of lighting solutions in events in Malaysia. Therefore, we are also trying to extend our market by supplying LED light bulbs to accommodate with increasing demands on complete event solutions. LED light bulbs have been our first choice due to the advantage it gains, such as higher efficiency, lower energy consumptions, brighter output and longer durability.


Sometimes glasses are the best eyestrain treatment. However, an optometrist might only prescribe glasses for specific activities like reading or computer work. In fact, many of our Sydney patients say it makes those tasks a much more comfortable.
It’s worth noting that the blue light from computer screens is a major contributor to eyestrain. So a special filter coating can be applied to glasses which reduces the amount of harmful blue light entering the eyes. This also helps treat eyestrain. Indeed, our Sydney-based optometrists recommend blue light coatings for anyone who wears glasses for digital device use.


IP Dome Cameras
Geovision GV-MD8710 8MP Motorized IR Network Dome Camera
- 2x zoom
- super Low Lux
- WDR Pro
- IR IP Dome
- H.265 compression
GV-MD8710 features a CMOS sensor equipped with WDR Pro, an automatic IR-cut filter and IR LEDs for day and night surveillance. With its motorized varifocal lens, the user can zoom and focus the camera from the Web interface. The camera supports H.265 video codec to achieve better compression ratio while maintaining high quality pictures at reduced network bandwidths. For night operations, the camera allows up to 30 m (100 ft) IR effective distance. Adjustable in 3 axes (pan, tilt and rotate), it offers smart surveillance solutions with all the essential features and excellent image quality.
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NAPOLI Wall Light - Chrome
2 Light Wall Light
The Napoli Chrome range of semi-flush fitting lights has small, clear crystal glasses. Available in 8 Light, 5 Light, 3 Light and matching Wall lights.
Also available in Bronze and Satin Nickel finishes.
- Width 270mm
- Height 125mm
- Projection 100mm
- 2 Light Wall Light (Not Switched)
- 2 x LED G9 Lamps (Not Included)
- Chrome finish
- Crystal Glass shades.
- Not Switched (Only Satin Nickel Product is Switched)


Advanced Eye Care and Laser Center
214 W. Front St.
Wheaton, IL 60187
Welcome to Advanced Eye Care and Laser Center. Dr. Patel and staff provides residents all over Norwest Indiana with superior personal eye care and designer fashion eye wear.
Advanced Eye Care and Laser Center is where expert care, meets style. Dr. Grishma Patel spends quality time with you to
ensure treatment is completely tailored to your needs. Our friendly, experienced staff is always ready to assist you in selecting the best
frames and lenses to fit your prescription and personal style.
Advanced Eye Care and Laser Center combines state-of-the-art equipment with the latest technology. We are dedicated to improving your vision and thus, quality of life. We specialize in the treatment of glaucoma, dry eyes and many other eye conditions as well.


The AD Nano Fume Extraction System has been designed to provide low cost and effective solutions for light to medium duty applications that require laser fume extraction. These compact systems are ideal for small-scale industrial environments and light laser coding applications, whilst the Reverse Flow filter technology enhances filter performance and ensures longer filter life.
The BOFA AD Nano uses high grade HEPA filters (99.997% effective to 0.3 microns) in combination with Activated Carbon to remove dust and fumes from the extracted airflow. The DeepPleat Duo Pre-Filter removes the largest particles before they reach the HEPA main filter, dramtically increasing filter life. The BOFA AD Nano has a small foot print, is quiet running and low cost filters.
- AD Nano Extraction Unit
- x1 DeepPleat DUO Pre-Filter
- x1 Combined HEPA/Gas Filter
- x1 Power Cable
- Factory Fitted 24v Stop/Start
- Factory Fitted Filter Change Indicator
- Factory Fitted VOC Sensor
- Manual Speed Control


Bring a dazzling and dynamic attraction to your event with our magnificent laser show. This stunning laser stage show promises to deliver a powerful and gripping spectacle full of vibrant colour and motion. Guests will be mesmerised by the incredible displays of light from our lasers, LED lights and top of the range light show, and our highly talented dancers and performers will amaze audiences with light juggling, LED poi spinning and much more.
This cutting edge technology show is the perfect branding act to display your company logo or event motto in unforgettable style, making it the perfect LED show for corporate events and product launches as well as providing an electric party atmosphere for clubs and events of all kinds.
This stunning laser stage show delivers an impressive and striking sight. Our extraordinary dancers and performers utilise all the latest technology to create breath taking costumes and props for a magnificent laser show. Incredible light juggling, dancers, poi spinners and even fire spinning can be added to the show to create a stylish and visually breath taking display.
Our laser show can be set to music for an unforgettable soundtrack to your party or club night, or create a brilliant futuristic theme for your entire event with our all encompassing LED and laser props, decorations and costumes. This show is also the perfect choice for LED branding to create a personalised show incorporating your company branding into the laser display or poi spinners. Tell your company’s story in dynamic visual fashion or create a powerful statement of corporate identity with this magnificent LED show.
For a dazzling and top of the range laser stage show with endless possibilities, our laser and LED show is the perfect choice.
Our incredible laser show also offers breath taking fire shows for an intense and lively display.
Contact Scarlett Entertainment to book one of our incredible shows for your event.


Hawkeye / Blue Tiger Eye has the tiger eye sheen but in the blue family.
Tiger Eye Pendants – Blue / Hawkeye
Blue Tiger Eye Pendants – also known as Hawkeye – provide hawk energy – for clear vision with action. Very useful for earth workers: helps heal earth energies. Personally: helps you to soar above for vision then to ground the energy. Dissolves restrictive, blaming, negative obstructions to attaining the goal and fills space with abundance. Hawkeye is blue tiger eye.


LED Face Mask 7 Color Light up Luminous Rave Masks Glowing Dust Mask Festival Party(Black)
- COLORFUL MODE:Use button switch 7 colors LED light Mask, and 5 different glowing modes. Cool glow mask.cloth face mask.dust mask.designer face mask
- APPLICATION:LED rave Mask is the best suitable for the Christmas Gifts, Halloween, Masquerades, Rave Festivals, Music Parties, Costume Parties ,DJ,Sports Running, Night Riding.
- WEAR DESIGN :Elastic strap and buckle design.One size fits all. 3D fits face design with adjustable strap to fit your face giving you amazing experience.
- SAFE COMFORTABLE:LED Mask adopts perfect combination of high-quality breathable fiber and luminous fabric, without any weird odor or any smell.no heat, no radiation,Warning function of night Sports.FCC CE RoHS Certificated.
- CONVENIENT AND BREATHABLE: USB Charging, no need batteries, Fully charging takes 1-2 hour, this light up mask can continuous work 2-5 hours.


Eye Exams & Contact Lens Fitting
At Eye Contact Unlimited, we provide reliable and comprehensive eye exams, including Diabetic eye exams. Our evaluation is swift, efficient and thorough, determining with precision the exact nature of your issues. If you have any questions or concerns, our skilled optometrists will answer them. In addition, we also perform contract lens fitting, and will find the perfect fit for you. To take advantage of our eye exams and contact lens fitting services, please contact us at Eye Contact Unlimited, today.


Purpose To compare the impact of first eye versus second eye cataract surgery on visual function and quality of life. Design Cohort study. Participants A total of 328 patients undergoing separate first eye and second eye phacoemulsification cataract surgeries at 5 veterans affairs centers in the United States. Patients with previous ocular surgery, postoperative endophthalmitis, postoperative retinal detachment, reoperation within 30 days, dementia, anxiety disorder, hearing difficulty, or history of drug abuse were excluded. Methods Patients received complete preoperative and postoperative ophthalmic examinations for first eye and second eye cataract surgeries. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured 30 to 90 days preoperatively and postoperatively. Patients completed the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ) 30 to 90 days preoperatively and postoperatively. The NEI-VFQ scores were calculated using a traditional subscale scoring algorithm and a Rasch-refined approach producing visual function and socioemotional subscale scores. Main Outcome Measures Postoperative NEI-VFQ scores and improvement in NEI-VFQ scores comparing first eye versus second eye cataract surgery. Results Mean age was 70.4 years (±9.6 standard deviation [SD]). Compared with second eyes, first eyes had worse mean preoperative BCVA (0.55 vs. 0.36 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), P < 0.001), greater mean BCVA improvement after surgery (−0.50 vs. −0.32 logMAR, P < 0.001), and slightly worse postoperative BCVA (0.06 vs. 0.03 logMAR, P = 0.039). Compared with first eye surgery, second eye surgery resulted in higher postoperative NEI-VFQ scores for nearly all traditional subscales (P < 0.001), visual function subscale (−3.85 vs. −2.91 logits, P < 0.001), and socioemotional subscale (−2.63 vs. −2.10 logits, P < 0.001). First eye surgery improved visual function scores more than second eye surgery (−2.99 vs. −2.67 logits, P = 0.021), but both first and second eye surgeries resulted in similar improvements in socioemotional scores (−1.62 vs. −1.51 logits, P = 0.255). Conclusions Second eye cataract surgery improves visual function and quality of life well beyond levels achieved after first eye cataract surgery alone. For certain socioemotional aspects of quality of life, second eye cataract surgery results in comparable improvement to first eye cataract surgery.


The square faceting on this pair of double flare glass plugs catches the light beautifully. They are no longer made by Tawapa.
Pick up this pair while you can!
The below measurements are approximate:
- The wearable area measures 14.5mm
- The overall length measures 15/16"
- The back flares measure 1.7mm larger than gauge size
- Each plug weights 62 grams
- Faceted on both sides
You will receive the exact pair photographed.


A chrome plated brass boat interior cabin light with mottled lens and protection guard.
Light Cockpit Information
A chrome brass interior cabin light with hinged front, bulb holder which accepts small bayonet cap (SBC) bulbs and a lens protection guard. The lens is mottled to diffuse the light and hinged to the light body to aid changing the bulb.
This light has the same base as many of the original cockpit lights found on numerous Freeman Cruisers, however the original frosted 'jelly mould' lens has been superseded by the patterned clear lens.
Light Cockpit Specification


Knog Blinder 1 Light Set
The Knog Blinder 1 Light Set is lightweight, easy to use and affordable. Better yet these lights can been seen from 500 meters away. With a 200 lumen front light and 70 lumen rear and fully waterproof, the Blinder 1 makes a great light for commuters, group rides or just been seen on the road. The optimized optics direct the light and focuses the ray for a bright more powerful beam. The durable silicone body easily snaps onto 22-32mm seatposts and handlebars. To turn the lights on, just push down on the light for one second.
These lights are usb rechargeable with a 5 hour charge time. The run time on the regular light is two hours and the flash modes last for about 11 hours.


What is Myopia?
As an optometrist, I’m trained to detect and treat vision and eye health problems on a daily basis. When someone asks about which eye problems are the most common I instantly start talking about glaucoma, macular degeneration and cataracts, and often don’t really give the “basic” problems of myopia, hyperopia and presbyopia much thought, because these are “just” focusing problems which are easily corrected with spectacles or contact lenses. The reality is that these focusing defects are by far the most common sight conditions and of the three, myopia in particular is commonly a progressive condition with a variety of potential sequelae. Myopia is when you can see closer objects very clearly but far away they are blurred. Generally, it is caused by an eyeball that is too long, and this increase in axial length can also cause problems like retinal thinning. Over a billion people around the world are estimated to suffer with myopia. Researchers now believe that the clarity of peripheral vision is a very important regulator in the growth of the eye and hence myopia development. If the peripheral vision is myopic, the eye is less likely to become more myopic in the central vision, so new techniques aimed at creating peripheral myopia have become important in the prevention of myopic progression.
5 Steps for Myopia Control
For many years, a simple prescription update (“just a bit stronger today”) has been the standard of care in dealing with myopia. However, new research is showing that there are several methods of treatment that can slow or prevent the progression of myopia particularly if they are started young. None of the therapies are guaranteed to work for each individual but starting early gives the greatest potential benefit. Every individual case is indeed unique, however there is now a viable treatment plan steps of action that can be followed that have been shown to slow or prevent progression. The following steps should be followed:
- Spend plenty of time outdoors for at least two hours a day, and avoid prolonged periods of close work.
- No studies directly link diet and myopia, however it is reasonable to recommend a nutrient rich diet with minimal refined and processed foods.
- Ortho-K (orthokeratology) is currently the best treatment option for correction and myopia control.
- Bifocal contact lenses with a distance centre design are the next best correction option for myopia control.
- Specialised spectacle corrections: usually bifocal or multifocal designs which are designed to give optimal distance vision and relieve near point stress.
There is no benefit to waiting as the best results seem to come with the earliest intervention. Therefore, anyone who is myopic (short-sighted) should be asking their optometrist about the latest treatment options. All Envision Optical optometrists are passionate about myopia control and using the latest technologies to PREVENT vision changes, not just “go a bit stronger” in your new lenses.


Accessories enables next generation image display and can handle 4K resolution display on a 60Hz frame rate, thus creating an outstanding image performance.
Feel free to contact our experienced customer care team to assist you. You can call us or e-mail on:
Ultraline - Indoor Led Video Wall
Welcome to Rasha Professional, where innovation meets visual
excellence. We are a leading brand that specializes in delivering
state-of-the-art Commercial Advertising LED display solutions designed to transform your
brand's presence and captivate your audience. With a focus on commercial advertising LED
display screens, commercial advertising LED displays, and commercial LED display signs for businesses,
we empower you to communicate your message with impact and clarity.
In today's dynamic business landscape, standing out is
essential. Our commercial advertising LED display screens provide a canvas to showcase
your brand's creativity, products, and promotions like never before. Whether
it's a bustling city center, a shopping mall, or a busy highway, our high-resolution commercial advertising LED screens command attention and create lasting impressions.
As pioneers in commercial LED displays, we understand the
significance of making a lasting impact on your audience. Our LED displays are
designed to seamlessly blend into any environment, transforming spaces into
immersive visual experiences. From retail stores and corporate lobbies to event
venues and public spaces, our commercial LED displays redefine how brands
Our commercial advertising LED display screens are a perfect blend of
cutting-edge technology and creative design. With pixel-perfect clarity,
vibrant colors, and seamless integration, our commercial advertising led display screens enable you to deliver
messages with unmatched visual appeal. Whether it's conveying information,
showcasing products, or simply capturing attention, our screens excel in every
First impressions matter, and our Commercial LED display signs for
businesses ensure that your message shines bright. Whether you're announcing
promotions, sharing information, or guiding customers, our display signs offer
a versatile platform to communicate effectively. With customizable options and
striking visuals, your message becomes a beacon of attraction.
Our commercial advertising LED displays are engineered to
amplify engagement and leave a lasting impact. Designed for both indoor and
outdoor use, these displays are built to withstand various weather conditions
while maintaining exceptional performance. Illuminate your brand's narrative
with vivid visuals that resonate with your audience.
Our commercial advertising LED display panels are a testament to
precision engineering. With advanced panel technology and meticulous attention
to detail, our commercial advertising LED display panels ensure uniform brightness, color accuracy, and
exceptional reliability. Whether it's a single display or a complex video wall,
our commercial advertising LED display panels deliver a consistent visual experience.
At Rasha Professional, we believe that a display is not just
a screen; it's an embodiment of your brand's essence. Our commercial advertising LED
display screens, commercial advertising LED displays, and Commerical LED display signs for businesses
are meticulously crafted to enhance your brand's visibility and impact. Join us
in shaping unforgettable visual experiences that captivate, inform, and
inspire. Contact us today to embark on a journey of visual transformation with
Whether it’s Automated Lights, Battery Wireless, Pin Spots, LED Video Walls, Atmospheric Lights or Static Lights. We have got Rasha solutions for you.
Avail Safe shipping in serviceable pin codes, whenever you shop from Rasha rofessional. We take pride in delivering most of our orders on priority.
Your Data security & privacy is our priority. Pay securely through 128 bit encrypted payment gateway. We support credit cards, net banking and debits cards.
Once you place order on Rasha your installation request will be generated post-delivery and our expert engineers will guide you through user manual.


Our department is part of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering of the Czech Technical University in Prague. Its history dates back to the 50s of the 20th century.
Presently, we focus on wireless analogue and digital communication and multimedia technology.
The department is equipped with modern specialized laboratories for teaching and research in the field of broadcasting, reception and signal processing, audiovisual technology, radio-electronic measurements, satellite navigation and radar.
We cooperate with universities, scientific institutes and industrial enterprises, mainly in the field of research, development and teaching support.
Areas of our professional focus
- Digital communication – coding in wireless networks, mobile radio communication systems with distributed, cooperative and MIMO signal processing, iterative detection techniques.
- Audiovisual technology – audiovisual data processing, implementation and optimization of advanced image processing algorithms, modeling of electroacoustic transducers, psychoacoustic experiments and models.
- RF CAD – modelling of radioelectronic components, special algorithms for analysis and optimization of electronic circuits, new software/hardware methods for VLSI circuit analysis.
- Image Processing and Photonics – astronomical imaging systems, innovative technologies for space applications, robotic telescopes, image data archive processing, hyperspectral imaging.
- Optical elements based on new single crystal materials – AOTF and polarizers.
- Signal processing of satellite navigation systems (GPS, Galileo, Glonass, Compass) in difficult conditions, synthesis of remote sensing signals, supported by other radio systems.
Czech Technical University in Prague
Faculty of Electrical Engineering
Department of Radioelectronics
166 27 Prague 6


Novatext® Soft Focus ISO 16128 range consists of SVHC-free silicone elastomers substitutes. They are ideal partners to hide skin imperfections thanks to their incredible soft focus effect.
The skin is given an average refractive index of 1.56. It is dependant of the skin type, as melanin and melanocytes affect the value towards higher refractive index values. Novatext® Nude ISO 16128 combines materials with refractive index below and above the average refractive index of the skin (1.56) to have a multiple soft focus system, giving the most powerful optical aberration.
Novatext® Soft Focus ISO 16128 products are based on texture modifiers and photostable emollients.
Novatext® Soft Focus ISO 16128 products provide a soft and silky feel with a non-greasy and matte application. When applied, they form a non-occlusive film which prevents moisture loss.


Information from ZF:
- Developing new and extremely high-performance assistance solutions
- New mobility concepts
- Vision Zero Accidents
Instead of driving the vehicle, you can opt to do something else: That is the vision of autonomous driving. ZF systems are already coming close to making this vision a reality.


Hanging light fixture replacement parts pendant hardware hd design that will make you bewitched for. Hanging light fixture parts this item linea di liara primo industrial factory pendant lamp antique brass one with glass shade exposed hardware fabric wrapped cord restoration ceiling. Portfolio light fixtures replacement parts suppliers and manufacturers at alibabacom hanging fixture hardware restoration pendant. Restoration hardware pendant light fixture fixtures for amazing parts glass and hanging replacement.
Hanging ceiling light fixture parts replacement restoration hardware pendant stylish kitchen near modern dark staircase under attaching . Hanging light fixture hardware parts 35 lighting once you have identified the lamp need by name visit our cocolabororg pendant. Hanging light fixture parts pendant restoration hardware you make it.


Motion & Night sensor: Sensor LED light 80lm, motion and light sensors allow the light to turn on only when motion is detected in the dark.Auto-on within 10 feet, auto-off after 12-17 seconds of no motion detected helps prolong battery life. It will turn on only when motion is detected.
Wide Applications: They are designed to placed anywhere like the bedroom, baby room, closet, cabinet, corridor, workshop, corridor, garage, stairwell, gun safe, bookcase, shelves.
Effectiveness: 4 pack Auto motion sensing LED light: 10 pcs bright white LED with super bright, long operating life, energy saving, and environmental friendly light.
Battery Operated: Battery Powered PIR IR Sensing, Each light operates on 4 AAA batteries (not included). Simple installation of an 3m adhesive strip with a magnetic bar that attaches to the lamp body.
One-Year Warranty: We guarantee that every product from Kuled a full 12 month warranty, 30 days money back guarantee and customer service within 24 hours.


What is infrared or “IR” photography and why do we love it?
Infrared photography refers to a special type of photography, which uses films or sensors, which have infrared light sensitivity. Sir Frederick William Herschel, a German-born British astronomer, discovered infrared light on 11th February 1800. While using a variety of colored filters to view sunlight, he observed that some colors passed more heat than others. Herschel hypothesized that the colors themselves may have actually produced different temperatures and set out to test his theory. Directing sunlight through a glass prism to produce a spectrum, he measured the temperature of each color with a thermometer. From the violet to red parts of the color spectrum, the temperature increased. Herschel then decided to measure the temperature beyond the red-colored light, where there was no sunlight. This area had the highest temperature reading of all, despite being invisible to the naked eye. He named this radiation ‘calorific rays’, however nowadays we call it infrared.
We love it because it is a beautiful pictorial medium. These type of images make wonderful wall portraits because of its qualities. Used properly there is a lot of depth and mood, and the larger the image is made the more it becomes a piece of art. We usually will shoot a few IR images at each of our weddings and our clients love them. Many times it ends up as the cover image on their album. At first glance, it may look like a regular black & white image, look again. The characteristics of infrared images are quite different. A blue sky will appear black, or very dark, while foliage, grasses and trees have a snowy white quality. Ethereal and dreamlike come to mind when explaining the appearance. This creates amazing contrast in the image that makes the photo ‘pop’.
Back in the days of film usage it was always a tricky film to work with. Now with digital photography the best results always come from a camera that has been altered to capture Infrared wavelengths. Once a camera is altered it can only be used for Infrared photography. We use cameras that have been converted to photograph in IR only. Images straight out of the camera are red in appearance and must be processed in imaging software to bring them to their intended look.
This medium is something that photographer Barb Bower has been enjoying the results of for over 30 years and we are thrilled she brought it to our studio. Used properly the images are stunning and a great addition to your wedding day or outdoor portrait session!


- by Michael Morris, Parks Canada
- January 23, 2002
Nakimu is a native Shuswap word for “grumbling spirits”, a name inspired by the sound of the throbbing cascades of Cougar Brook as it disappears from a subalpine forest into a series of sink holes in Glacier National Park.
Water flowing through a soluble band of limestone sandwiched between harder rock types has carved an irregular system of caverns, narrow passages, drop-offs and other strange rock formations underground. Nakimu Caves, a six kilometre maze of interconnecting passageways, provides a rare opportunity for exploration into a dark underworld. Visiting the cave is an inner journey in more ways than one.
First explored by Charles Deutschmann in 1904, the caves were part of the Glacier House hotel era where early park visitors were escorted by Deutschmann, working as the first ever interpretive guide hired by a Canadian national park. A carriage road up Cougar Valley and a teahouse near the cave entrance were well used through the 1920s, but visitation declined with the closure of Glacier House.
The rotten, decrepit remains of staircases from Deutschmann’s time were removed in recent years by work parties comprised of local cavers and park staff. Today Nakimu Caves are protected as a wilderness with the intention of keeping them as natural as possible.
Access to all caves in national parks is restricted to preserve delicate cave features and to protect unprepared visitors from a dangerous place. Cavers entering Nakimu must be able to navigate in a complex system, to crawl through constricted places, and negotiate slippery surfaces above holes of unknown depths. A permit to enter the caves is limited to knowledgeable cavers, who must apply to the Park Superintendent.
In summer, passages near where the brook rumbles through reverberate with the sound of crashing water, reminding us that this cave is still in the process of formation. Blocks of rock still fall from the ceiling and lower passages can fill with unpredictably with water. In winter, stream flow is greatly reduced and most of the seeping water is frozen, often in bizarre arrangements. Cave temperature is only slightly cooler in winter than in summer, but in contrast to above-ground winter conditions, a winter visitor finds the cave relatively warm.
Moonmilk, a bacteria-instigated precipitate of calcium carbonate, is one of the cave’s remarkable features. It coats some of the cave walls with a pale ooze resembling soft cauliflower. It too easily bears the imprint of curious hands not intending to leave a permanent record. Marks in the moonmilk made by visitors from Deutschmann’s time have yet to fully recover.
Getting to the cave via Balu Valley is a 7 kilometre journey though avalanche terrain in winter and grizzly habitat in summer. The use of Cougar Valley for summer access was discontinued in 1996 due to bears. Subsequent radio-collar results show this area is prime habitat for female grizzlies. However, this route can be used in winter when it is not closed for avalanche control. The slopes of Cougar Valley are part of the area controlled by artillery to protect the Trans Canada Highway.
Helmets, protective clothing and specialized caving equipment are required here. Camping is permitted for cavers at Balu Pass. Caving advice and information regarding snow conditions or bears is available from Park Wardens. Prior registration for caving is mandatory.
In the cave I marvel at my guide’s ability to find the route. There are few reference points to indicate which way is up. For a few moments we extinguish our lights to experience utter blackness. We cease our prattle and listen to the rumble of the creek in some adjacent passage. At the end of our visit we climb out to emerge from hours spent in dark confines. Back on the surface, I’m a bit dazed by the intense colours, the complex smells, and the presence of other living things. The zone on the surface of the planet where life exists seems so thin.


Greener storage for green energy
ARPA-E grant will support research into next-generation flow batteries to solve wind/solar intermittency problem
Researchers at Harvard will receive an ARPA-E grant to develop commercially practical flow batteries
to store solar and wind power. (Photo courtesy of Michael Aziz.)
November 28, 2012
Cambridge, Mass. – November 28, 2012 – Renewable energy solutions like wind and solar operate on nature’s
timetable. When the sun blazes or when the breeze blows, power is plentiful—but not necessarily at the moments when consumers need
it, like on a hot, calm summer night.
Storing energy from these intermittent sources has aroused interest, yet practical economics and basic chemistry have limited the
wider use of green energy. Storage, to be viable, cannot add much to the price of renewable electricity without making it
unacceptably expensive. Fossil fuels remain the world’s chief energy source due to their relatively low cost.
To give renewables a fighting chance, a team led by engineers and chemists at Harvard University will use a one-year,
$600,000 innovation grant from the U.S. Department of Energy’s
Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy (ARPA-E)
program to develop a new type of storage battery. The grant may be subject to renewal beyond a year, depending on performance.
The award is part of a $130-million funding effort by ARPA-E through its “OPEN 2012” program, designed to support innovative energy
Called a flow battery, the technology offers the prospect of cost-effective, grid-scale electrical energy storage based on
eco-friendly small organic molecules. Because practical implementation is a core driver for the program, the researchers are
collaborating with Sustainable Innovations, LLC, a commercial electrochemical system developer.
“Storage of very large amounts of energy is required if we are to generate a major portion of our electricity from intermittent
renewable sources such as wind turbines and photovoltaics,” says lead investigator
Michael Aziz, Gene and Tracy Sykes Professor
of Materials and Energy Technologies at the
Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS).
“Currently no cost-effective solution exists to this large-scale storage problem. Flow batteries may make stationary storage viable
in the marketplace, and that will enable wind and solar to displace a lot more fossil fuel.”
A type of highly rechargable fuel cell, flow batteries are suitable for storing large amounts of electrical energy in the form of
liquid chemicals, which are flowed past the electrochemical conversion hardware and stored externally in inexpensive tanks that can
be arbitrarily large. This permits the designer to independently size the electrochemical conversion hardware
(which sets the peak power capacity) and the chemical storage tanks (which set the energy capacity).
By contrast, in solid-electrode batteries, such as those commonly found in cars and mobile devices, the power conversion hardware
and energy capacity are packaged together in one unit, and cannot be decoupled. Consequently they can maintain peak discharge
power for less than an hour before being drained. Studies indicate that 1 to 2 days (the cycle of day/night) are required for
rendering renewables like wind and solar dispatchable through the current electrical grid.
To store 50 hours of energy from a 1-megawatt wind turbine (50 megawatt-hours), for example, a possible solution would be to buy
solid-electrode batteries with 50 megawatt-hours of energy storage. The effective result, paying for 50 megawatts of power capacity
when only 1 megawatt is necessary, however, makes little economic sense.
“Not only are existing solid-state batteries impractical for storing intermittent wind and solar energy, but flow batteries
currently under development have their own set of limitations,” says Aziz. “The chemicals used for storage in flow batteries
can be expensive or difficult to maintain.”
For example, vanadium redox flow batteries—the type of chemistry receiving the most attention—have limited commercial head room
because the high price of vanadium sets a floor on the cost per kilowatt-hour of storage. Sodium-sulfur batteries operate with
their components in a molten state, requiring the tanks to be kept at very high temperatures in hot houses. Both cost and
complexity limit their use.
Aziz believes that using a particular class of small organic molecules may be the key. These molecules, which his team has already
been working on, are found in plants and can be synthesized artificially for very low cost. They are also non-toxic and can be
stored at room temperature. Furthermore, they cycle very efficiently between the chemical states needed for energy storage.
As an expert in materials science and a developer of high-performance flow cells, Aziz will focus his efforts on molecular and
electrode electrochemistry and flow cell development. Joining him will be
Thomas Dudley Cabot Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Materials Science, who will be responsible for the chemical
screening and synthesis of molecules and of practical electrocatalytic and protective coatings.
an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, will use his pioneering high-throughput molecular
screening methods to identify optimal molecules. Trent M. Molter, President and CEO of Sustainable Innovations, LLC, will provide
expertise on implementing these innovations into commercial electrochemical systems.
“We think our particular approach could have advantages over other flow batteries, such as higher power density,
high efficiency, inexpensive chemicals, and a safer type of energy storage,” says Aziz. “The success of this program would render
intermittent renewables like wind and photovoltaics dispatchable at will, and thereby permit them to supply a large fraction of
our electricity needs.”
Aziz foresees using next-generation flow batteries for local energy storage, such as in the basement of a house or office
outfitted with rooftop solar panels or, at a larger scale, directly integrated into wind and solar farms. The technology could
even out-compete lead-acid batteries for solar energy storage in remote areas without access to a grid.
“While not eliminating fossil fuels, flow battery storage potentially eliminates a barrier to doing so within the existing
energy system and market,” says Aziz. “The best engineering and chemistry alone are not enough to solve our energy challenges.
Compatibility with current infrastructure is almost always essential, and economic viability is always essential.
Flow batteries may play a huge role in our transition off of fossil fuels and I am very excited that Harvard has the opportunity
to develop a potential game-changer.”
About the Department of Energy’s Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy (ARPA-E)
ARPA-E was launched in 2009 to seek out transformational, breakthrough technologies that are too risky for private-sector
investment but have the potential to translate science into great leaps in energy technology, form the foundation for entirely
new industries, and have large commercial impacts. ARPA-E has attracted over 5,000 applications from research teams, which have
resulted in over 180 groundbreaking projects worth nearly $500 million. More information on the program is available at
This is the first ARPA-E grant awarded to the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS).
Simultaneously, a team led by Joanna Aizenberg, Amy Smith Berylson Professor of Materials Science at SEAS and a
Core Faculty Member at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard, is receiving an ARPA-E award
through the Wyss Institute. Pamela Silver, Elliott T. and Onie H. Adams Professor of Biochemistry and Systems Biology at
Harvard Medical School and a core faculty member of the Wyss Institute, is also leading a prior ARPA-E-funded project
focused on developing new approaches for microbial biofuels.
The team acknowledges initial funding on early-stage research from the Harvard University Center for the Environment (HUCE)
and from the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS).


The Ecology of Power: Culture, Place, and Personhood in the Southern Amazon, A.D. 1000-2000
Psychology Press, 2005 - 404 páginas
In 1884 a community of Brazilians was "discovered" by the Western world. The Ecology of Power examines these indigenous people from the Upper Xingu region, a group who even today are one of the strongest examples of long-term cultural continuity. Drawing upon written and oral history, ethnography, and archaeology, Heckenberger addresses the difficult issues facing anthropologists today as they "uncover" the muted voices of indigenous peoples and provides a fascinating portrait of a unique community of people who have in a way become living cultural artifacts.
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Visualizing Deep Temporality
The Longue Durée
Traces of Ancient Times
CHAPTER4 Social Dynamics Before Europe
Body Memory and History
Chiefs and Others
Otras ediciones - Ver todas
The Ecology of Power: Culture, Place, and Personhood in the Southern Amazon ...
Vista previa limitada - 2005
activities Amazon Amazonian ancestors ancient aneti apparently Arawak archaeological areas basic basin become body called Carib Carneiro central century ceramic chiefly chiefs circa circular clusters Complex considered construction contemporary context continuity created critical cultural defined described distinctive distribution ditch diverse early Eastern economic fact families Figure fish forest gardens groups hierarchy human important individuals initial Ipatse known Kuhikugu Kuikuru Lake land landscape late least less lines living located major manioc means meters move nature Nokugu notably noted occupation particularly past pattern perhaps period persons Phase plaza political population prehistoric present primary rank recent refers regional relations remains represent ritual River roads settled settlement social societies southern space specific structure suggests symbolic things tion traditional Upper Xingu village Western wide Xingu River Xinguano
Transformação e persistência: antropologia da alimentação e nutrição em uma ...
Maurício Soares Leite
Vista de fragmentos - 2007


By Melpha M. Abello
The use of carabao manure as a lining material for water-harvesting structures can help minimize water loss due to percolation or the downward movement of water through the soil, a study by the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) shows.
PhilRice observed that only 30 percent of the total water outflow from a small farm reservoir (SFR) is used for crop production; 45 percent is lost through seepage and percolation and 25 percent through evaporation.
In the Philippines, particularly in Central Luzon where majority of farms is devoted to rice production, studies have found that on-farm reservoirs are an economically viable means to store and conserve rainwater to alleviate drought and increase cropping intensity. With the usefulness of water-harvesting structures depending on the volume of water stored, minimizing losses during storage may eventually result in improved production and higher incomes for farmers.
In a drum experiment, the research team—composed of Armando Espino Jr., Marvin Cinense, Vivencio Manabat, Analinda Suril, Ermalyn de Guzman, Reynaldo Castro, and Nenita Desamero—found that the lining made from a mixture of carabao manure and clay had a percolation rate of 0.12 millimeters per hour (mm/hr), as compared to 0.78 mm/hr for linings made with the use of rice hay. Without any lining, the percolation rate was recorded at a rate of 65.43 mm/hr.
According to Espino, although another treatment using plastic lining resulted in the lowest percolation rate at 0.06 mm/hr, carabao manure and clay combination is seen to be cost-effective since carabao manure is readily available as a farm waste material.
“Carabao manure is cheap and requires only labor and transport costs for capital,” Espino said, adding that at the same time, it can be used as organic fertilizer for crops.
On the field—which involved four ponds measuring 20 meters (m) x 10 m which were constructed at the Central Luzon State University (CLSU)—the bottoms of two ponds were overlain with 15-centimeter (cm) thick carabao manure, and the remaining two ponds were used as controls (untreated). Results showed that there were decreases in water levels of the control ponds at an average rate of 4.07 cm per day, while carabao manure-lined ponds had a lower average rate of decrease in water levels at 2.79 cm per day.
Espino said that farmers can easily adopt the technology as it is designed for smallholding farms, but can also be modified to suit larger areas. He recommends that after laying the 15 cm thick layer of carabao manure, this should be covered with a 10 cm layer of clay to prevent the manure from floating once water is stored.
The technology, which is something new to local farmers, will be promoted among farms that normally adopt SFRs, Espino said.
According to Dr. Reynaldo Castro, who leads the PhilRice-funded project on the development of appropriate water-harvesting systems for small farms, a cost-effective technology to minimize storage losses is very important in improving the storage efficiency of rainfed lowland farms, where water-harvesting structure systems exploit the Bernoulli effect in extracting the harvested water to economize on energy costs.
This appeared in Agriculture Monthly’s February 2014.


- Koryo (고려) - first dan, also spelled Goryeo and Koryeo ("learned man", symbolizing a wise person)
- An older, deprecated form called Original Koryo is also considered by some clubs/associations to be one of the Yudanja forms, but it isn't considered so by the Kukkiwon (for gradings or the Master Instructor Course) or by the WTF (for the World Poomsae Championships).
- Keumgang (금강)) - second dan ("diamond", symbolizing hardness, unbreakable)
- Taebaek (태백)) - third dan ("sacred mountain", symbolizing spirituality)
- Pyongwon (평원)- fourth dan, also spelled Pyeong-won ("open plain", symbolizing peacefulness)
- Sipjin (싶진)) - fifth dan, also spelled Shipjin ("eternal 10", symbolizing health and longevity)
- Jitae (지태) - sixth dan (symbolizes mankind as the connection between heaven and earth)
- Cheonkwon (천권) - seventh dan, also spelled Cheon-gwon ("sky", symbolizing piety)
- Hansoo (한수) - eighth dan, also spelled Hansu ("water", symbolizing adaptability)
- Ilyeo (일여) - ninth dan (symbolizing the Buddhist concept of oneness of the mind and body)
Each of the yudanja forms has a floor pattern that traces out a Chinese character or other symbol. Each character is said to represent a characteristic that should be exhibited by a taekwondo master: wise, unbreakable, spiritual, peaceful, long-lived, pious, adaptable, etc.
태백 (Taebaek), meaning “bright mountain”, is the name of a mountain in Korean mythology, from where the legendary founder of Korea, 단군 왕검 (Dan-gun Wanggeom), is thought to have ruled the nation. Numerous places are known as 태백 (Taebaek), one of which is 백두산 (Baekdusan), an iconic mountain on the Korean peninsula. This form venerates this most sacred of mountains. Since this mountain reaches to the sun, Taebaek can be defined as “light” and must be performed with the agility of light.
To print the diagram, click on the image and select "See full size image," or right-click and open the image in a new tab.
- Start in the Ready position
- First going left...
- Then going right...
TRANSITION TO THE SECOND LINE
- 5. Step left with the left foot into a Left Front Stance. Swallowform Knifehand Strike (left arm high).
- 6a. Without stepping, with the right hand, twist and grab the opponent's wrist.
- 6b. While pulling with the right hand, step forward into Right Front Stance. Left Punch.
- 7a. Without stepping, with the left hand, twist and grab the opponent's wrist.
- 7b. While pulling with the left hand, step forward into Left Front Stance. Right Punch.
- 8a. Without stepping, with the right hand, twist and grab the opponent's wrist.
- 8b. While pulling with the right hand, step forward into Right Front Stance. Left Punch. Kihap.
- First going to the right...
- 9. Step with the left foot to turn 270 to the left into Right Back Stance (i.e., left foot forward). Diamond Block (right arm high).
- 10. Without stepping, High Pulling Uppercut (the right hand performs an Uppercut to the opponent's chin; the left hand pulls the opponent toward you).
- 11. Without stepping, Side Punch with the left hand.
- 12. Lift the left foot into Right Crane Stance. Left Small Hinge Block.
- 13a. Pivot clockwise on the right foot to execute a simultaneous Left Side Punch & Left Side Kick.
- 13b. Step down with the left foot into Left Front Stance. With the right elbow execute an Elbow Target Strike.
- Then going to the left...
- 14a. Bring the left foot to the right foot, then slide the right foot to turn 180 to the right into a Closed Stance.
- 14b. Step forward with the right foot to a Left Back Stance. Diamond Block (left arm high).
- 15. Without stepping, High Pulling Uppercut (the left hand performs an Uppercut to the opponent's chin; the right hand pulls the opponent toward you).
- 16. Without stepping, Side Punch with the right hand.
- 17. Lift the right foot into a Left Crane Stance. Right Small Hinge Block.
- 18a. Pivot counterclockwise on the left foot to execute a simultaneous Right Side Punch & Right Side Kick.
- 18b. Step down with the right foot into Right Front Stance. With the left elbow execute an Elbow Target Strike.
BACK TO THE FIRST LINE
- 19. Bring the right foot to the left, then slide the left foot into a Right Back Stance (ie. left foot forward). Left Double Knifehand Block.
- 20. Step forward with the right foot into a Right Front Stance. With the right arm execute a Vertical Fingertip Thrust. With the left arm execute a Pressing Block.
- 21a. Pivot 180 counterclockwise and bring the right hand behind you to the rear of the right-side waist.
- 21b. Stepping with the left foot turn 180 counterclockwise into Right Back Stance (i.e. left foot forward). Left Outward Backfist Strike.
- 22. Step forward with the right foot into Right Front Stance. Right Punch. Kihap.
- First going left...
- Then going right...
- Return to Ready position.


We wish everyone a Happy Easter and to celebrate this holiday we bring you some Easter Trivia #funfacts. One FunFact, there is an EGG Optical in Asia (3 locations)
- Germany is the country that started the tradition of colored eggs.
- 1878 Was the first year that the White House had their famous Easter Egg Roll.
- Peter Cottontail was named in a story by Beatrix Potter in 1902
- Gene Autry was the first singer to sing the Peter Cottontail song.
- Purple and Yellow are the Easter Colors.
- The largest chocolate Easter Bunny weighed 2721 kilos or about 3 tons and carved by Harry Johnson in South Africa
- 700 Million Peeps are eaten every year.
- 9.5 Million was the most expensive Egg sold. It was a Faberge Egg.
- The reason that women wore new bonnets on Easter, it was supposed to bring good luck.
- The Easter Egg Museum is in Poland and has over 150o Easter Eggs on display.


Chapter 1 Nutrient nation
Chapter 1 – Nutrient Nation
7. I begin this chapter on page 7 with a description of Southern England from the vantage point of the International Space Station. Channel 4 broadcast this sequence on a programme called Live in Space. You can find out more here http://www.channel4.com/programmes/live-from-space/4od
8-10. On pages 8-10 I write about the origins of farming in Britain. For more about agriculture during British pre-history one good account can be found in Francis Pryor’s Britain BC: Life in Britain and Ireland before the Romans, Harper Perennial (2003). This book looks wider than farming but sets a great context.
10. On page 10 I mention the importance of pollen based evidence in determining past changes in vegetation. If you’d like to know more about this subject then the US National Oceanographic and Atmosphere Administration run a very comprehensive website with links to many studies, including those conducted in the UK. Start from this link: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/pollen
11. On page 11 there are various statistics concerning the size of the agricultural sector in the UK. You can find these and many other details about the British farming scene in Agriculture in the United Kingdom 2013, published by DEFRA and relevant devolved departments. Its on-line here: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/315103/auk-2013-29may14.pdf
11. On the proportions of food we consume that comes from British soils (also page 11) then look at Chapter 7 of the Technical Report from the 2011 National Ecosystem Assessment (NEA) compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. See page 212 and found via this link: http://uknea.unep-wcmc.org/Resources/tabid/82/Default.aspx (scroll down to the Technical Report section where the material is arranged by chapters).
12. On page 12 there is a mention of Hayley Wood in Cambridgeshire. You can find more about that place here: http://www.wildlifebcn.org/reserves/hayley-wood
14. On page 14 there is a brief history of farming fertilizer sources. This includes the quote “Great Britain is like a ghoul, searching the continents for bones to feed its agriculture” This comes from Keatley, W. S., (1976). 100 years of Fertiliser Manufacture. Fertilisers Manufacturers Association, Peterborough.
15. Concerning the mining of Cretaceous deposits for sources of fertiliser, including dinosaur poo (page 14), see O’Connor, (2001). The origins and development of the British coprolite industry, The Bulletin of the Peak District Mines Historical Society. Vol. 14, No. 5. You can see it here: http://www.pdmhs.com/PDFs/ScannedBulletinArticles/Bulletin%2014-5%20-%20The%20Origins%20and%20Development%20of%20the%20British%20.pdf
15-16. For a short history on the rise of the modern fertiliser industry see this website giving further background to points I make on pages 15 and 16: http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe40s/crops_04.html
For a fuller explanation as to the importance of soils for the provision of food then it is worth reading Wolfe, D. W., (2001). Tales from the underground a natural history of subterranean life. Perseus. Cambridge, Mass.
16. On page 16 I mention the historic British wheat yield and compare it with the modern one. The source for these figures is the UK National Ecosystem Assessment (2011) The UK National Ecosystem Assessment Technical Report. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, p. 198. http://uknea.unep-wcmc.org/Resources/tabid/82/Default.aspx (scroll down to the Technical Report section where the material is arranged by chapters).
17. Concerning the economic costs and other impacts arising from nitrogen pollution that I describe on page 17, then see
Sutton, M. A. et al., (2011). European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives. Cambridge University Press. You can find out much more here: http://www.nine-esf.org/ENA-Book
17. More specifically on the human health impacts arising from elevated reactive nitrogen levels in the environment readers might like to see Townsend, A. R., et al., (2003). Human health effects of a changing global nitrogen cycle. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1(5) pp.240–246
17-18. For more on the environmental effects of nitrogen pollution readers might like to see: Jarvie, H.P., et al (2010) Streamwater phosphorus and nitrogen across a gradient in rural–agricultural land use intensity. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 135 (4), 238-252.
17. Specifically in relation to grasslands see Watson, C.F. & Foy, R.H. (2001) ‘Environmental impacts of nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in grassland systems’, Outlook on Agriculture, 30, 117–127.
18. On page 18 I suggest there might be a relatively near-term mis-match between phosphate supply and demand, raising potential challenges for future food security. Readers can find out more about that from: Cordell, D., Drangert, J-O., White, S., (2009). The story of phosphorus: Global food security and food for thought. Global Environmental Change 19. 292-305. You can click through to that here:
19. On page 19 I mention historic patterns of soil erosion and the specific case of the South Downs, where there was heavy soil loss during the Bronze and Iron Ages. For an academic source on this subject I used Boardman, J., (2003). Soil erosion and flooding on the eastern South Downs, Southern England, 1976-2001. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers Vol 28 (2), 176-196. You can find it here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1475-5661.00086/abstract
20. On page 20 I include the estimate that soil damage is costing the UK between £900 and £1.4 billion per year. The source for this is Graves, A., Morris,J., Deeks, L., Rickson, J., Kibblewhite, M., Harris, J. and Fairwell, T., (2011). The Total Costs of Soils Degradation in England and Wales. DEFRA. You can find that report here: http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCoQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fsciencesearch.defra.gov.uk%2FDocument.aspx%3FDocument%3D10131_SID5_CostofSoilDegradationfinaldraftaug18.docx&ei=GbueVM3aHu6u7Aa_uoDgDg&usg=AFQjCNETWK82zCbPoffTNzRcp2gdIrkrYA&bvm=bv.82001339,d.ZGU
21-26. From page 21 to 26 I describe a visit to the farm run by Tolhurst Organic Partnership at Whitchurch-on-Thames, Oxfordshire
http://www.tolhurstorganic.co.uk/. This took place in December 2013.
27. On page 27 I write about the business of Vital Earth Limited. You can find out more about that company here: http://www.vitalearth.tv/ I also mention (on page 28) one of Vital Earth’s customers in the form of James Chamberlain. He runs Glebe Farm, Shardlow, Derbyshire.
28-29. For more on the Allerton Project and work to conserve soils, which I mention on page 28-29, look at Stoate, C, Leake, A, Jarvis, P & Szczur, J (2012) Fields for the future: The Allerton Project - A winning blueprint for farming, wildlife and the environment. Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust, Fordingbridge. You can find that on-line here: http://www.gwct.org.uk/media/220991/allerton_20thanniversary_report.pdf
29-32. For more details on the Thames Water phosphate recovery plant that I describe on pages 29-32 have a look at this link: http://www.thameswater.co.uk/media/press-releases/17393.htm
32-34. For more on the anaerobic digestion plant I describe on pages 32-34 take a look here http://www.localgeneration.co.uk. For further material on AD technology more generally then the website of the Anaerobic Digestion and Bioresources Association is a good place to start: http://adbioresources.org


What Is The Definition Of Slopestyle?
1. Slopestyle skiing is a type of freestyle skiing in which the person skis or snowboards down a course that has different types of obstacles along the way. The main types of obstacles on the slope are jumps and rails, while the tricks performed by the athlete fall into four main categories: spins, grabs, grinds and flips. In slopestyle competition, the focus is on the technical aspects over speed.
As of 2014, slopestyle skiing is an official Winter Olympics sports.
Examples Of How Slopestyle Is Used In Commentary
1. Although the speed of a super-g event is exciting, Jones prefers to compete in the slopestyle competition as it presents different challenges and a variety of obstacles.
Sports The Term Is Used


The next phase of evolution in the Celestial Astronomy theory is Lunar Accumulation. There currently is no pervasively held theory on how moons evolve in a star system. This is one of the reasons legacy astronomy can not tie together their protoplanet theory as the defining theory for Planetary Evolution.
The lunar evolution theory with the most backing behind it is the Giant Impact Hypothesis. Though this is not looked upon by as large a segment of the legacy astronomy community as being plausible. The massive collision that would take place seems doubtful it would not severely damage the Earth entirely. Also, sending a careening chunk of Earth that has the requisite spherical shape and coincidentally aligns itself into a perfect orbit is hard to believe for most. Though without a more plausible theory, it is the best that has been put forth.
The Lunar Accumulation theory relies on previous concepts in the Planetary Evolution process that create repeatable definable patterns. As was previously explained, comets already present in the star system in the Kuiper Belt or Oort Cloud along with interstellar comets that arrive in the Star system bind with the star.
The difference is that once a planet has now formed from its clockstart orbit, the approaching comets are susceptible to having their inertia altered the first time they approach the star with the planet in its Lunar Accumulation phase.
In other words, its inertia or velocity is vectored into a lunar orbit around the Planet instead of a wing orbit around the star. So the reason you call it a MOON is because it's MOor motiON, or its motion is moored to the Planet. Without this, it would go into a BINDING or Begin wINDING orbit around the star which evolves into WING orbits or Winding sprING orbits. Winding Spring orbits function similar to the spring on a watch getting tighter as it is wound.
So, for instance, a planet that evolves that has no moons may not have had any comets enter their binding phase after the planet had started its accumulation phase. Or, the planet may have evolved from a comet with an extremely small mass and comets that entered to bind were of a large enough mass their motion could not be altered and they went on to become planets as well.
Planets that have 1 or more moons probably evolved from comets of a larger mass and had comets of smaller masses arriving to bind while the planet was in its accumulation phase. There are three basic concepts that are key to Lunar Accumulation:
- All the moons a planet will acquire have their motion moored during the Lunar Accumulation phase. Moons do not form around planets at any other time due to the concept of articulation and the need for linkage to take place between the moon (comet), planet, and sun in concert while the comet is trying to bind.
- The main concept behind Lunar Accumulation is maneuvering, not impacting. There is a fluid motion that takes place in celestial systems that creates repeatable definable patterns. Maneuvering within this fluid motion can be described using physics. Thus the linkage and articulation that takes place during Lunar Accumulation would follow similar laws.
- Legacy astronomers have just never seen it happen so it seems implausible. Remember we already described all the planets' and moons' motions around the star with physics. The only part they are missing is the linkage orbit. Once you have the complete synopsis of planetary evolution in a celestial astronomy star system charted out, the repeatable definable patterns provide a preponderance of evidence that can be corroborated by current laws of physics.


Ear, nose and throat (ENT) allergies, like other types of allergies, are extremely common. Allergic reactions of all kinds are triggered by an abnormal response of the immune system when it mistakes an innocuous substance for a serious threat. While most allergic symptoms of this type are relatively mild, untreated ear, nose and throat allergies should not be ignored because they may lead to more significant medical problems.
At Florida E.N.T & Allergy, we provide Tampa allergy testing and treatment services at all of our locations.
Causes of ENT Allergies
ENT-allergy sufferers, although seemingly reacting to allergens, are actually being attacked by their own immune systems. When an allergic individual is exposed to an allergen, her or his body produces antibodies and releases a variety of chemicals, including histamine. Histamine is the chief precipitating cause of allergic response. In many cases, an allergic response to the allergen will not occur immediately upon exposure, but only after a certain threshold of exposure is reached. While the underlying causes of allergies are unknown, they are known to be hereditary.
Common allergens responsible for ENT allergies are present in the air, and may include dust, mold, animal dander and pollen. Allergies to plant pollens and mold can be seasonal, occurring only when certain plants or trees are in bloom, or when mold is produced by rotting leaves. Such allergies are also affected by weather conditions, particularly humidity and wind, and are commonly referred to as hay fever.
Symptoms of ENT Allergies
Most allergies of the ear, nose and throat result in mild symptoms, which may, nonetheless, interfere with normal activities. Nasal rhinitis may result in sneezing, nasal congestion or a runny nose. Individuals with ear, nose and throat allergies may also suffer from headaches, and itching and soreness in the throat and ears. More severe reactions to ear, nose and throat allergies, including anaphylaxis, are far less common but may be life-threatening.
Treatment of ENT Allergies
Allergy treatments are usually prescribed in the form of over-the-counter or prescription antihistamines. Antihistamines prevent the release of histamine and help to reduce symptoms. Decongestants and nasal sprays are also sometimes prescribed to clear nasal passages and improve breathing. Sometimes, allergy shots are recommended to gradually create a tolerance in the patient to the allergen. This is known as immunotherapy. By far, the most effective treatment for allergies of the ear, nose and throat is to avoid the offending allergens, but that is not always possible.
Limiting outdoor activities during certain seasons, avoiding contact with particular animals, wearing sunglasses and frequently washing the hands may reduce the severity of symptoms. For patients who have allergies to indoor allergens, such as dust and mold, it may be helpful to keep the indoor environment clean and to avoid the accumulation of moisture. Not using carpeting, in which mold can easily grow, may also be helpful.
Allergy Evaluation and Treatment
There are two forms of allergy treatment: drugs and immunotherapy. Most commonly, people take over-the-counter or prescribed allergy medicines like antihistamines (cetirizine, loratadine) nasal steroid sprays (fluticasone), or decongestants (sudafed). You may take several different types of allergy medicines at one time to achieve better control of symptoms. As both Otolaryngologists and Allergists, we often prescribe allergy medicines, but for many people, medicines only provide limited benefit and some cannot tolerate the side effects such as high blood pressure or fatigue. For others, their allergies directly contribute to severe and chronic illnesses such as sinus infections, bronchitis, asthma flare ups, and pneumonias, leading to multiple rounds of antibiotics, missed work days, and hospitalizations.
Patients with severe allergies should come to one of our offices for allergy evaluation and testing. Allergy testing will identify the specific allergies causing your symptoms and enable us to start allergy immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is different from medications in that medications do not eliminate allergies permanently, but only give you temporary relief as long as you continue to take them. Immunotherapy, in contrast, will provide you with significantly better control of symptoms and if continued for several years, may lead to permanent loss of allergies. You will eventually be able to quit allergy treatment and have no return of allergy symptoms. There are two forms of immunotherapy: allergy drops and allergy shots. In both forms of immunotherapy, introducing a gradually increasing dose of things that you are allergic to, leads to the down regulation of your allergic reactions, leading to decrease in symptoms and eventually complete desensitization or loss of allergies. Allergy Drops and Allergy Shots are the most effective way to treat allergies. At Florida ENT & Allergy, we have a strong commitment to providing you with outstanding allergy treatment and care.
Learn more about nasal and sinus disease treatments.
Allergy Drops (Sublingual Immunotherapy, SLIT)
Allergy Drops have become popular in the USA in the past decade. It is used throughout the world safely. It is also a highly effective way to treat environmental allergies but without needles. The drops are placed under the tongue daily. The main advantage of the allergy drops is that it is much safer than shots, therefore, patients may escalate their allergy drops at home. The main disadvantage of allergy drops is that insurances do not cover allergy drops at this time so it must be purchased by patients directly. For patients with high deductibles or no insurance, the allergy drops are much less expensive. Allergy Drops are ideal for children, people fearful of needles, medically unstable patients, or those too busy to come to doctor’s office for weekly allergy shots.
Allergy Shots (Subcutaneous Immunotherapy, SCIT)
Allergy Shots are very effective in treating nasal congestion, itchy eyes, asthma, eczema, post nasal drainage, recurring sinusitis (learn more about our sinusitis treatments), and bronchits/pneumonia. It is given once a week in the office and each week the dose is escalated. It is also very safe but there is a very small risk of anaphylaxis so patients must have an epinephrine autoinjector and wait in the office for 30 minutes after each shot. Once the patient reaches the maximum dose, or the maintenance dose, most patients choose to self-administer allergy shots at home. Insurances cover allergy shots and, therefore, it is more affordable than allergy drops for most patients with insurance. Both allergy drops and allergy shots are effective in controlling allergy symptoms. Choice between the two is often based on time, cost, and preference.
Food allergies are often under appreciated by most physicians. We have discovered over many years of practice, that food allergies are more common that previously reported and very difficult to identify because it can present in a myriad of ways. Food allergies can affect any organ in the body: nose (congestion, sinus infections, post nasal drip), ear (dizziness, ear infections, Meniere’s), skin (eczema, hives, itching), gut (reflux disease, IBS), lung (asthma), brain (fogginess fatigue), and throat (coughing, throat clearing, hoarseness). The first step is to identify the food allergy by skin testing and by food challenges. The second step is to learn how to manage your food allergies.
Contact us today for more information on our Tampa allergy testing and treatment services.


With the news of the current egg recall, it’s good time to talk about food safety. Uncooked shell eggs and raw meat, fish, poultry and seafood always carry a risk of foodborne illness, so following a few simple tips can help decrease your risk.
With the news of the current egg recall, it’s good time to talk about food safety. Uncooked shell eggs and raw meat, fish, poultry and seafood always carry a risk of foodborne illness, so following a few simple tips can help decrease your chances of getting sick.
At the grocery store:
- Divide your cart into frozen, raw meat/fish/eggs, refrigerator, and dry goods. At checkout, take a moment to bag them by category. This way raw meat juices stay away from other items and, when you get home, cold items can go straight into the refrigerator.
- Look through your ShopWell grocery list and check to see which items might spoil quickly. Take note of the time you pull the first perishable item from the cooler in the grocery store. Make sure to get the food home and back into the fridge in under two hours (less if it is hot outside).
- Store raw meat/fish/egg products on the bottom shelf or in drawer in the fridge which should be the coolest part (less than 40 ºF). If the item leaks, it won’t contaminate other fridge items.
- Wash hands right when you get into the kitchen. Use warm, soapy water, and rub hands together (get the backs and nails too) for 20 seconds or the length of time it takes to sing “Happy Birthday”, “Mary Had a Little Lamb”, or “Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star” twice.
- Wash your hands again when you begin cooking, after touching raw meat/fish/eggs, your nose, the garbage can, etc., and when you leave and return to the kitchen.
- Thaw frozen meat in a container in the refrigerator, not on the countertop. If you need the item quicker, place in cold water and change every half hour or defrost in the microwave-just be sure to cook it right after it has defrosted.
- Designate a separate cutting board for raw meat and wash it right after using. Also, wash bowls, plates, and utensils that held the raw meat products including eggs right after you use them in soap and hot water.
- With all of the germs being washed off hands, dishes, utensils, etc. the kitchen sink can be teaming with bacteria ready to make you sick. When washing fruits vegetables and other items you don’t plan on cooking, use a colander to keep them up off the sink floor.
- Routinely change out sponges and sink brushes and try a solution of one tablespoon bleach to one gallon of water to sanitize sinks, cutting boards, and containers or dishes that contained raw items.
- Cook eggs until firm or for recipes with egg mixtures like lasagna or meat loaf make sure the middle of the food reaches 160 ºF.
- For items like cake batters, cookie dough, salad dressings, or other recipes that you might want to lick the spoon or not cook all the way through, try using liquid eggs. Same as regular eggs except they are pre-scrambled and most importantly pasteurized to reduce their risk of containing harmful germs.


For almost two decades now, educational accountability policy in the U.S. has included a focus on the performance of student subgroups, such as those defined by race and ethnicity, income, or special education status. The (very sensible) logic behind this focus is the simple fact that aggregate performance measures, whether at the state-, district-, or school levels, often mask large gaps between subgroups.
Yet one of the unintended consequences of this subgroup focus has been confusion among both policymakers and the public as to how to interpret and use subgroup indicators in formal school accountability systems, particularly when those indicators are expressed as simple “achievement gaps” or “gap closing” measures. This is not only because achievement gaps can narrow for undesirable reasons and widen for desirable reasons, but also because many gaps exist prior to entry into the school (or district). If, for instance, a large Hispanic/White achievement gap for a given cohort exists at the start of kindergarten, it is misleading and potentially damaging to hold a school accountable for the persistence of that gap in later grades – particularly in cases where public policy has failed to provide the extra resources and supports that might help lower-performing students make accelerated achievement gains every year. In addition, the coarseness of current educational variables, particularly those usually used as income proxies, limits the detail and utility of some subgroup measures.
A helpful and timely little analysis by David Figlio and Krzystof Karbownik, published by the Brookings Institution, addresses some of these issues, and the findings have clear policy implications.
Figlio and Karbownik use a unique dataset of 568 elementary schools in Florida between 1999 and 2012. They are able to match students’ schooling records to their birth certificates, thus providing data on parental education, marital status, poverty status, and other characteristics. This allows for the construction of a socioeconomic status (SES) index that is far more complete than the typical subsidized lunch eligibility variable. Students are sorted into SES quartiles, and most of the analysis focuses on comparing the top SES students (top 25 percent) to the bottom SES students (bottom 25 percent), using testing (FCAT) data from grades three and five.
They find, first, that the correlation between the average standardized score of high and low SES students in each school is quite modest. In some schools, both groups score highly (relative to their peers in other schools); in other schools, both score relatively poorly; in still other schools, one group does well and the other does poorly. This is another way of showing that SES-based gaps in test scores – i.e., the gap in scores between the top and bottom SES quartiles – vary widely among schools.
There are two possible reasons for this variation and they are not mutually exclusive. The first is differences in scores upon entry into the schools. If, for example, kindergarteners enter one school with a much wider SES gap than their peers in a different school, this could account for any differences in the size of achievement gaps between these two schools when these students reach third and fifth grade. The second possible explanation is that something happened while the students were attending the schools – e.g., a group in one school made more progress than in the other, thus exacerbating or attenuating any gaps that existed upon entry.
Figlio and Karbownik cannot isolate precisely the degree to which either of these explanations holds, but they do provide some initial evidence by exploiting the fact that they have kindergarten testing data for five of their eight cohorts. As one would expect, they find that SES-linked student achievement gaps in kindergarten do go a long way toward predicting the SES-linked gaps in third and fifth grade, but also that a substantial proportion of the variation remains. In other words, the variation in SES-related student achievement gaps in third and fifth grade vary by school, even after taking students’ starting points into account.
The amount of growth between third and fifth grade exhibited by high and low SES students, while correlated, also varies quite a bit by school. In some schools, both groups make strong relative progress, in other schools both make poor progress, and in others one group grows a lot and the other does not. Once again, this suggests that schools vary in their (test-based) effectiveness with these groups.
Finally, all of this variation is not just statewide. Indeed, there are even big differences in the SES-related achievement gap between schools within the same district.
If we accept the very plausible implication of these findings – that schools vary in how well they serve high and low SES students, at least in terms of test scores – then two big questions might follow. The first is why. Why would some schools, even in the same district, seem to do well with both groups, others with neither, and others with one and not the other? Are there specific school practices or policies that might help explain these discrepancies? These are difficult empirical questions to answer, yet they are important insofar as accountability systems are about changing behavior productively (see, for instance, Rouse et al. 2013).
The second big question that might flow from these findings is what to do about them. Figlio and Karbownik suggest, correctly, that researchers and policymakers should focus on the practices of specific schools rather than solely on districts (since the gaps and other outcomes vary between schools within the same district). They also propose that accountability systems should focus on the performance of student subgroups, rather than solely on schoolwide measures, since outcomes often vary between subgroups (in this case, SES groups) within the same schools.
The latter is, of course, a perfectly defensible conclusion, and it is very much in line with current federal policy. Note, however, that these findings do not necessarily support the use of simple achievement gap or “gap closing” measures (which some states are using). This is not only because kindergarten gaps explain so much of the gaps that are found in third and fifth grade (and schools might be blamed for the gaps that existed before students even enrolled), but also because progress between grade three and five varies for high and low SES students in the same school, which again means that gaps might narrow due to undesirable underlying outcomes or widen due to desirable outcomes.
Figlio and Karbownik’s results do, however, suggest the need to consider some types of subgroup-focused accountability measures, such as a component for growth among traditionally low scoring subgroups (though it is not entirely clear how much typical schoolwide growth model estimates vary from those applied to specific subgroups – see our quick analysis for an example).
This type of component would carry with it a clear incentive for schools to focus on improving the performance of traditionally lower scoring student subgroups, such as low students living in poverty, special education students, or students from racial/ethnic and language minority populations. The snag here is that we would presumably want this to happen without any negative consequences for the other students. And policymakers would need to provide schools with the wherewithal to accomplish these goals. Needless to say, this is much easier said than done.