|Publication number||US7438452 B2|
|Application number||US 11/359,777|
|Publication date||Oct 21, 2008|
|Filing date||Feb 23, 2006|
|Priority date||Feb 24, 2005|
|Also published as||US20060187659|
|Publication number||11359777, 359777, US 7438452 B2, US 7438452B2, US-B2-7438452, US7438452 B2, US7438452B2|
|Original Assignee||Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (6), Classifications (11), Legal Events (2)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application is based on and incorporates by reference Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-49517, which was filed on Feb. 24, 2005.
The present invention relates generally to an interior illumination device and specifically to an interior illumination device that is fixed on a vehicle ceiling.
A map lamp is used for viewing a map in a dark interior compartment. The map lamp illuminates an area around a passenger.
Since a map lamp is used when it is dark, it is difficult to recognize where the map lamp is. Even though some light come into the interior compartment from outside, the light does not reach the map lamp easily because the map lamp is located on the vehicle ceiling. Thus, it is difficult to find the position of the map lamp. Therefore, a prior art map lamp includes a switch that includes a light source. The switch is indicated by the light source in the dark compartment. However, it is difficult to place a light source specialized for indicating a switch in the limited space. If the map lamp and the light source are housed in the limited space, installation is complex and relatively expensive.
An object of the invention is to overcome the above-mentioned limitations. An illumination device according to the present invention indicates the location of a switch for a map lamp in the dark of an interior compartment of a vehicle in a visually pleasing manner. The illumination device also has a simple structure, and installation is relatively simple.
Basically, the invention is an illumination device for an interior compartment of a vehicle. The illumination device includes a first light source. The first light source is fixed on an interior ceiling located between a driver seat and a passenger seat in a vehicle. Light from the first light source illuminates an interior compartment of the vehicle. The illumination device also includes a second light source that illuminates around the driver seat or the passenger seat. The illumination device further includes a switch that electrically controls the second light source. The switch includes an emitting part that is located adjacent to the first light source, and the emitting part emits light from the first light source.
The accompanying figures, in which like reference numerals refer to identical or functionally similar elements throughout the separate views and which, together with the detailed description below, are incorporated in and form part of the specification, serve to further illustrate various embodiments and to explain various principles and advantages all in accordance with the present invention.
The first light source 6 includes a light emitting diode (LED), which is a lamp type LED and emits white light, and a substrate 61, which supports the LED. Because the LED is a very small light source, the LED can be placed in a small space. Also, the LED needs little electricity to work, so electric power consumption is low. Other types of LEDs can be used, such as a surface mounted diode type LED or a chip on board type LED. A plurality of LEDs can be used as either of the first light source 6 and the second light source 5. The color of the LED is not limited to white. Any color of LED can be used for either of the light sources. Further, the first light source 6 is not limited an LED. Any type of bulb can be used.
A cover 42, which defines the light aperture 4 and controls light from the first light source 6, is fixed on the casing 2. The light aperture 4 extends along a light axis 62 of the first light source 6. A colored filter 41 is fixed to the cover 42 in the light aperture 4. The colored filter 41 is made from a transparent plastic, which is colored in amber and which changes white light from the LED to amber light. The white light can also be changed to an arbitrary color by a color layer, such as a transparent ink, a transparent colored tape, or a transparent colored film located on the colored filter 41. When the color layer includes inorganic phosphor, such as YAG:Ce, or organic phosphor, the color layer can be used to a blue LED as the first light source 6. When the color layer is located on the light axis 62 of a blue LED, only illumination that is emitted in the direction of the light axis 62 is changed to a predetermined color.
Each of the map lamps 5 emits light from the second light source 5 around one passenger (including the driver) in the vehicle. Each map lamp 5 works as a spot light and helps the passenger to read in the dark, for example.
The switches 3 are located at both sides of the first light source 6. Each of the switches 3 corresponds to one of the driver seat and the passenger seat. Since the switches are identical, only one will be described. A side of the switch 3 adjacent to the first light source 6 is formed by a light guide 7, which is made from colorless acrylic resin material. The light guide 7 can also be made from other synthetic resin, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate resin, silicon resin and epoxy resin, or other inorganic material, such as glass. As shown in
A light receiving face 71 of the light guide 7 receives some light from the first light source 6. The light receiving face 71 is located at an inner end of the light guide 7, which is adjacent to the first light source 6. The light receiving face 71 is preferably located to face a side of the first light source 6. Thus, the light receiving face 71 efficiently receives a laterally directed part of the light from the first light source 6. The laterally directed light is emitted in a direction that is perpendicular to the light axis 62 of the LED.
A light emitting face 72 is formed at an outer end of the light guide 7. The light emitting face 72 emits the light that is received at the light receiving face 71 from the first light source 6. The light emitting face 72 of the light guide 7 faces the passenger. The light emitting face 72 is coplanar or coextensive with an outer surface of the switch 3 as shown in
Because the light emitting face 72 is preferably formed along one peripheral edge of the switch 3 that is adjacent to the first light source 6, the visibility of the switch 3 in the dark is improved.
A surface of the light emitting face 72 is finished with a light diffusing treatment. The light diffusing treatment may be a blast finishing, matt painting or another well known finishing process. The light diffusing treatment diffuses the light emitted at the light emitting face 72. Thus, the light from the light emitting face 72 is uniform and the light emitting face 72 has matt luminescence that provides a luxurious appearance. When the diffusing treatment is not performed on the light emitting face 72, the light emitting face 72 looks clear.
The light guide 7 can include a light diffusing agent therein. The light diffusing agent diffuses the light from the LED in the light guide 7. As a result, uniform light is emitted at the light emitting face 72. The light diffusing agent may include small particles, such as glass, metal, or resin that have a different reflection index from the light guide 7, or silica.
The light guide 7 can be made from colored transparent material that includes a color agent. Also, if a color layer is used, the color layer can be formed at the light receiving face 71 or the light emitting face 72 of the light guide 7. Then, colored light, which is different in color from the white light of the first light source 6, is emitted from the light emitting face 72.
The light guide 7 can includes a phosphor. Any kind of phosphors can be used if the phosphor generates a predetermined color luminescence when the phosphor receives light from a light source. If the light guide 7 includes YAG:Ce phosphors therein and the first light source 6 is a blue LED, a part of the light from the blue LED is changed to a yellow color by the YAG:Ce phosphors, and blue light and yellow light are mixed to generate white light. Then the illumination around the center console will be blue, and the indication color of the light emitting face 72 will be white.
A side face 74, which is adjacent to the light emitting face 72, is masked by an opaque resin to avoid leakage of light from the side of the light guide 7. When light from the first light source 6 proceeds inside the walls of the light guide 7 at a predetermined angle, the light is repeatedly reflected at the inside walls, because the refractive index of the light guide 7 is higher than that of air. The inside walls of the light guide 7, except for the light receiving face 71 and the light emitting face 72, are reflecting faces 73. Thus, the reflecting faces 73 reflect light in the light guide 7. Therefore, the light guide 7 transmits light from the light receiving face 71 to the light emitting face 72 via reflecting faces 73.
The switch 3, except for the light guide 7, is made from an opaque resin material. The switch 3 includes a switch mechanism 32 at backside thereof. The switch mechanism 32 is a push button mechanism that is electrically connected with the associated map lamp 5. Thus, the switch 3 turns on the associated map lamp 5. On the other hand, the first light source 6 is turned on according to the state of a remote switch (not shown). The remote switch may serve other purposes such as controlling exterior lights, for example. In
The illuminating operation of the illumination device 1 will be explained. The first light source 6 is turned on corresponding to the remote switch. An axial part of the light from the first light source 6, which is emitted in the direction of the axis 62, is changed to an amber color by the colored filter 41. The cover 42 limits the illumination area of the axial part of the light from the first light source 6 for illuminating around a shift lever.
Laterally directed light from the first light source 6, which is emitted in a substantially lateral direction with the light axis 62, is emitted into the light receiving face 71. The light received at the light receiving face 71 is introduced into the light guide 7. The received light is repeatedly reflected in the light guide 7 by the reflecting faces 73, and proceeds to the light emitting face 72. Then, the light is emitted from the light emitting face 72. Because the light emitting face 72 is finished with a diffusing treatment, the emitted light is well diffused at the light emitting face 72. Thus, an outer part (the light emitting face 72) of the switch 3, which is adjacent to the first light source 6, has in a well-equalized white illumination.
As mentioned above, when the exterior marker light is turned on by the remote switch in the dark, the illumination device 1 illuminates around the shift lever and simultaneously emits white light at the light emitting face 72. Thus, the visibility of the switch 3 is improved in the dark. Because the switch 3 includes the light emitting face 72, the light emitting face 72 moves in accordance with the motion of the switch 3. Because the light emitting face 72 is located near the first light source 6, the light path from the light receiving face 71 to the light emitting face 72 is short in the light guide 7. Thus, loss of the light in the light guide 7 is reduced. Because only the light emitting face 72 of the switch 3 emits light for indicating the location of the map lamp, the light emitting face 72 does not conflict with other illuminations. Therefore, the illumination is well balanced, and the light emitting face 72 can indicate the location of the switch 3 while providing a luxurious appearance.
The switch 3 is indicated by light from the first light source 6. Thus, an additional light source is not needed to indicate the switch 6, and additional space for such an additional light source is not needed. Therefore, the illumination device 1 is compact. The first light source 6 is used for illuminating around the shift lever and for indicating the location of the map lamp. Thus, the number of parts for the illumination device 1 is reduced, and the structure is simple. Therefore, the cost of manufacturing the illumination device 1 is relatively low.
In the illustrated embodiment, a side face 74 of the light guide 7 is exposed and therefore must be masked to prevent light from escaping. However, the light emitting face 72 can be located entirely within the opaque material 31 of the switch 3. In this case, the side face 74 is not exposed and would not require masking.
This disclosure is intended to explain how to fashion and use various embodiments in accordance with the invention rather than to limit the true, intended, and fair scope and spirit thereof. The foregoing description is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described to provide the best illustration of the principles of the invention and its practical application, and to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. All such modifications and variations are within the scope of the invention as determined by the appended claims, as may be amended during the pendency of this application for patent, and all equivalents thereof, when interpreted in accordance with the breadth to which they are fairly, legally, and equitably entitled.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4937408 *||May 24, 1989||Jun 26, 1990||Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha||Self-illuminating panel switch|
|US6013956 *||Feb 23, 1998||Jan 11, 2000||Cooper Automotive Products, Inc.||Touch control switches for vehicles|
|US6024463 *||Nov 7, 1997||Feb 15, 2000||Enplas Corporation||Surface light source device of side light type with belt-like diffusible area|
|US7021810 *||Jul 22, 2003||Apr 4, 2006||Lawrence Andrew Hoffman||Illuminated remote control device|
|US20060021861 *||Jul 28, 2004||Feb 2, 2006||Schmidt Robert M||Elastomeric vehicle control switch|
|JP2002127821A||Title not available|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US7717598 *||Nov 9, 2007||May 18, 2010||Sony Corporation||Light guide, light source apparatus, and electronic apparatus|
|US8147104 *||Jan 7, 2010||Apr 3, 2012||Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd.||Vehicle room light apparatus|
|US8876330 *||Mar 6, 2013||Nov 4, 2014||Illinois Tool Works Inc.||Illumination device|
|US20100188866 *||Jan 7, 2010||Jul 29, 2010||Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd||Vehicle room light apparatus|
|US20120014124 *||Jan 19, 2012||Anderson James B||Reduced profile lamp having enhanced illumination and method of construction thereof|
|US20140133141 *||Mar 6, 2013||May 15, 2014||Illinois Tool Works Inc.||Illumination device|
|Cooperative Classification||B60Q3/005, H01H9/181, B60Q3/0296, B60Q3/0286, H01H13/023|
|European Classification||B60Q3/02S, B60Q3/02P, B60Q3/00L2, H01H9/18B|
|Apr 4, 2006||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: TOYODA GOSEI CO., LTD., JAPAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NAWASHIRO, MITSUHIRO;REEL/FRAME:017754/0750
Effective date: 20060223
|Apr 4, 2012||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4


Our team is developing a SPO2 measurement instruments by ADPD144. However, several problems were found.
The first one, the optical sensor VREF voltage ac coupling measurement was a sawtooth wave;
the second, through the FIFO continuous read the IR and RED 500 sampling data is change each channel;
Third, cover the sensor with your finger, the data is unchanged;
the fourth one, can you help provide demo code?


Alcon Freshlook® Colorblends Brilliant Blue contact lenses gives you a stunning pop of bright blue color. These are the most vibrant blue in the Colorblends line so if you want to make an impact, this is the color for you!
Alcon Freshlook® Colorblends contact lenses have a unique 3-in-1 color technology blends with the eye color to provide a beautiful, natural appearance.
Slight Limbal Ring
Express shipping (2-5 business days) is available worldwide to all countries including USA, Canada, UK, Europe, UAE and Australia.


Trotec TP7 Infrared Laser Pyrometer
The Trotec TP7 is an infrared laser temperature gun with a measuring range of -50deg C to +1000 deg C and a high optical resolution of 30:1.
One of our most popular infrared thermometers, the TP7 has a smaller spot measuring size and a higher measuring temperature of up to 1000° C.
The higher optical resolution specification for the TP7 is 30:1. This means at 30 meters distance from the target, the spot measurement size is approx. 1 meter in diameter. It also measures temperatures as high as 1000 deg C.
This makes the TP7 more suitable for measuring targets that are small to medium in size. Because the spot measuring size is smaller than many models, the measurement results achieved are usually more consistent.
Another time-saving function of the TP7 is the alarm-related colour change of the display illumination.
You can enter user-defined alarm thresholds for measured minimum and maximum values in the TP7. Falling below the set limit value, the display will flash blue, exceeding it, will flash red. In both cases an acoustic alarm signal will be emitted.
The TP7 also features adjustable emissivity correction and a dual laser pointer, which identifies the approx. spot measuring size.
Ideal for the measurement of food, electrical and industrial temps, preventative and predictive maintenance, general engineering, hvac, heat loss assessments etc.
- Temperature Measurement Range: -50 ° C to + 1000 ° C
- Optical Resolution: 30:1
- Spot Measuring Size: Small. Smallest spot measuring size 25.4mm @ 0.762 meters
- Temperature Accuracy: +/-1% (21 ° C to 300 ° C) otherwise +/- 1.5 to +/- 2.5%
- Adjustable Emissivity: Yes, 0.10 to 1.0
- Data Logging: No
- Type K Connection: No
- Weight: 180 grams
- Dimensions: 152mm x 120mm x 48mm
- Battery Type: 1x 9V
- Warranty: 1 Year
|Trotec TP7 Infrared Laser Pyrometer||
TP7, 1x 9V battery, operating manual (download), soft case.


This book is an introduction to optics and optical fabrication that provides technicians with simple explanations supported by illustrations and diagrams. Detailed examples and calculations are also included. The behavior and performance of optical elements as individual components and as members of complete systems are discussed and evaluated. Further topics include the manufacturing, testing, and mounting of optical elements; two-element systems; optical coatings; and aberrations.
Die Inhaltsangabe kann sich auf eine andere Ausgabe dieses Titels beziehen.


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- Stoppage; cessation (of labor).
- A standing still or idling (of mills, factories, etc.).


All-optical tunable filters are basic elements for various micro-optical circuits. Obtaining all-optical tunability remains a challenge for micro-optical circuits. Optical forces with significant effects in nanophotonic systems provide new ways for wavelength tuning. In this Letter, the optomechanical effects in two-dimensional photonic crystal cavities are investigated. Simulations based on the finite element method demonstrate that forces arise in single and coupled cavities with movable rods inside. The optical force controls the positions of the movable rods and, thus, the resonance wavelength of the cavity, based on which tunable filter is designed. The operating wavelength of the cavity or the filter for the signal can be tuned by a control light with a different frequency. The results have potential applications for various integrated circuits.
© 2013 Optical Society of America
Original Manuscript: August 2, 2013
Revised Manuscript: September 19, 2013
Manuscript Accepted: September 19, 2013
Published: October 23, 2013
Yaoxian Zheng, Quanqiang Yu, Keyu Tao, and Zhengbiao Ouyang, "All-optical tunable filters based on optomechanical effects in two-dimensional photonic crystal cavities," Opt. Lett. 38, 4362-4365 (2013)


What lens aberrations do you know? What are they caused by?
October 29, 2020 | Education|
Chromatic aberration is caused by the dependence of the refractive index of the lens on the wave frequency, i.e. dispersion, spherical aberration is caused by the fact that the thickness of the lens in different areas is different.
Remember: The process of learning a person lasts a lifetime. The value of the same knowledge for different people may be different, it is determined by their individual characteristics and needs. Therefore, knowledge is always needed at any age and position.


Electroluminescence of thin-film CdTe solar cells and modules
Thin-film photovoltaics has the potential to be a major source of world electricity. Mitigation of non-uniformities in thin-film solar cells and modules may help improve photovoltaic conversion efficiencies. In this manuscript, a measurement technique is discussed in detail which has the capability of detecting such non-uniformities in a form useful for analysis. Thin-film solar cells emit radiation while operating at forward electrical bias, analogous to an LED, a phenomena known as electroluminescence (EL). This process relatively is inefficient for polycrystalline CdTe devices, on the order ...
(For more, see "View full record.")


Raman spectroscopy is widely used to characterize the chemical composition of materials and substances; its applications range from forensics and pharmaceuticals to astrospectroscopy and many others. One interesting example is the manufacture of photovoltaic (PV) cells. Commercial PV cells can have a solar-to-electric conversion efficiency of up to approximately 17% to 18%. During the production of PV cells, it becomes necessary to monitor the quality of the cells such that maximum conversion efficiency is achieved. Raman spectroscopy is one such technique well suited to the task.


Nowadays, the Nd:YAG laser has been a promising key tool for joining thin components. In this research, mechanical and microstructural properties of laser welded thin austenitic stainless steel sheets were investigated with experimental investigations, as a function of laser welding parameters. Butt welded joints were made using a Nd:YAG laser in the pulsed wave mode. The appropriate laser welding parameters were found in order to obtain quality and strong weld seam. The pulsed laser seam welding process is controlled by a variety of parameters. We focus on the effects of the several processing parameters on mechanical and microstructural characteristics of joint and weld quality. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of these processing parameters on joint strength and microstructure. And also we examined the weldability of stainless steels in butt joint Configuration by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam.


A cooperation between OFFIS, Möller-Wedel Optical, IAPG and Axios 3D aims to develop an integrated solution for neurosurgical micro-optic navigation. The commercial neurosurgical navigation systems currently require a large amount of space within the operating theatre and a free line of sight to the microscope and patient in order to measure positions. The project objective is thus to miniaturise and integrate a position measuring system into an operating microscope.
This should result in improved navigation system ergonomics, since the measuring system no longer has to be aligned. Operating times will be reduced since doctors and assistants will be able to work alongside the navigation system. Measuring distances will be shortened, thus also providing increased accuracy and manipulation options in the micrometre range. The microscope with integrated navigation system, to be developed in collaboration with the companies Axios 3D and Möller-Wedel, would have a unique feature worldwide and could be offered as an addition to Möller-Wedel microscopes.


Agr TopWave LLC, a manufacturer of laboratory and on-line testing/quality control devices for plastic containers is about to launch a number of new devices to measure the consistency and quality of container packaging.
The PETWallplus is said to offer a total process and quality control concept for PET container manufacturers. Combining Agr's patent pending PETWall non-contact wall-thickness monitoring system with a high precision camera-based inspection system, PETWallplus with Vision provides both sidewall thickness distribution monitoring and random defect detection for critical areas in the seal surface and base of PET containers.
This combination of the two systems facilitates a comprehensive approach toward quality assurance and provides the tools for optimal blowmoulder operation while reducing or eliminating the need for labour-intensive manual quality checks.
The company is also about to launch its Vision Bottle Gauge 7000 (VBG7000), a vision-based dimensional measuring system for containers and related products. The Vision Bottle Gauge 7000 is a laboratory device designed to provide accurate, repeatable measurement of routine and difficult-to-measure container features.
This non-contact measuring system is fully automatic and requires little operator intervention. The VBG7000 is ideal for quality control inspection of newly formed containers, incoming inspection of purchased containers, and evaluation of container designs in the development laboratory.
The company's other launch will be the PG9810-ML, a non-contact, automated measuring device that can determine the presence and thickness of nylon-based barrier materials in PET preforms and containers. The PG9810-ML uses IR absorption technology to accurately determine PET and nylon wall thickness. This bench-top device requires a minimal amount of space and is designed for use in the testing laboratory or on the floor near preform injection-moulding or blowmoulding systems.
The headquarters and main manufacturing facility of Agr TopWave, a division of AGR International, is located in Pennsylvania, US.


The DS-2114ATS-LNT is a fully GoTo telescope, an onboard computer knows the night sky. After a short alignment procedure, your telescope will be ready to take you on a tour of the universe. Special features to this model include a new generation II DS-2000 mount and a new advanced field tripod for a solid observing platform. Also features oversized declination lock knob with fast locking grip and enhanced SmartFinder with multi-coated optics. Large 114mm aperture captures a lot more light for brighter images and greater detail. Two Premium 1.25 inch Super Plossl eyepieces provide superior long eye relief and an expansive wide visual field. The automatic alignment, SmartFinder Electronic level sensor, electronic magnetic north sensor, high precision internal clock and red dot projection finder all work together to get you aligned with the heavens. It assembles in minutes and includes everything you need to explore your universe, including AutoStar Suite Astronomer Edition planetarium software and an instructional video to teach you the night sky and how to use your telescope. AutoStar Suite Astronomer Edition planetarium software and an instructional video included.


Rokinon 12mm F2.0 NCS CS
|I own it||I want it||I had it|
Manufacturer description: The Rokinon 12mm f/2.0 NCS CS Lens is a prime wide-angle lens designed specifically for use with APS-C sized image sensors. Providing a 35mm-equivalent focal length of 18mm and a broad 98.9° angle of view, this lens is well-suited for architectural, interior, and landscape images. Its fast f/2.0 maximum aperture is further beneficial to working in low-light conditions.
|Lens type||Prime lens|
|Focal length||12 mm|
|Lens mount||Canon EF-M, Fujifilm X, Micro Four Thirds, Samsung NX, Sony E|
|Min focus||0.20 m (7.87″)|
|Weight||245 g (0.54 lb)|
|Length||59 mm (2.32″)|
|Underground in Baltimore by Kukla|
from Your City - Doom and Gloom
|The Kid by mschf|
from Someone important to me.
|LA Moonrise-4230 by vbuhay|
|Chevrolet Camaro by Chosen_One|
from Car Shows 2018


INO has launched its 640 x 480 pixel thermal infrared camera module, IRXCore-640.
The IRXCore-640 module provides complete imaging electronics with a Camera Link output. The module offers a flexible architecture for complete remote control and raw data access providing a 16-bit raw signal output at 60Hz. TEC-less operation minimises module size and power consumption.
The module is commercially available for integration of numerous industrial, biomedical, military, transport, and aerospace applications requiring high-resolution thermal imaging capabilities. The IRXCore-640 is based on an uncooled bolometric sensor designed to provide high sensitivity imaging (NETD ≤ 70mK) in the LWIR band (7-14µm).


We have generated the second, third, fourth, and fifth harmonics of the output of a Yb-doped fiber amplifier seeded by a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG microchip laser. The fiber amplifier employed multimode fiber (25 μm core diameter, V ~ 7.4) to provide high-peak-power pulses, but diffraction-limited beam quality was obtained by use of bend-loss-induced mode filtering. The amplifier output had a pulse duration of 0.97 ns and smooth, transform-limited temporal and spectral profiles (~500 MHz linewidth). We obtained high nonlinear conversion efficiencies using a simple optical arrangement and critically phase-matched crystals. Starting with 320 mW of average power at 1064 nm (86 µJ per pulse at a 3.7 kHz repetition rate), we generated 160 mW at 532 nm, 38 mW at 355 nm, 69 mW at 266 nm, and 18 mW at 213 nm. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with calculations. Significantly higher visible and UV powers will be possible by operating the fiber amplifier at higher repetition rates and pulse energies and by further optimizing the nonlinear conversion scheme.


909-79 Glass Equilateral Refraction Prism
When light is bent through a glass prism, refraction of that light causes a rainbow of color to be displayed. The wave lengths of each color bend differently though the prism which is demonstrated using the prism. 3" x 5/16"
We have 70 skillful operators, 5 machine mechanics and 31 quality inspectors, total annual output capacity in design can reach 130 millions sets.
Earth & Space Science
Our team has been and will continue to be committed to science education industry to provide quality products at competitive prices and good services to our clients all over the world.


Are all MFT lenses compatible?
Are all Micro Four Thirds lenses compatible? Yes – one of the great things about the Micro Four Thirds system is that you can use any MFT lens on any brand MFT camera body.
What does MFT mean lenses?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The Micro Four Thirds system (MFT or M4/3) (マイクロフォーサーズシステム, Maikuro Fō Sāzu Shisutemu) is a standard released by Olympus and Panasonic in 2008, for the design and development of mirrorless interchangeable lens digital cameras, camcorders and lenses.
Can you use Four Thirds lenses on Micro Four Thirds cameras?
A Mount Adapter(DMW-MA1) is required to use any Four Thirds lens for Micro Four Thirds camera body. The aperture can be adjusted with the aperture ring only when a Panasonic digital camera is attached to the lens.
Can you use Micro Four Thirds lenses on four thirds cameras?
Olympus Micro Four Thirds Cameras and Lens Variety While Four Thirds and MFT lenses cannot be used interchangeably, what is nice about MFT is that it aims to be a universal mounting system for mirrorless cameras.
Does sigma make MFT lenses?
The Micro Four Thirds system is an open system that anyone can join, and therefore there are cameras and lenses from a large range of companies, all sharing the same lens mount. You’ll also find Micro Four Thirds lenses made by Sigma, Samyang, Voigtlander, Leica and many others.
Why are m43 lenses so expensive?
Re: Why are premium M43 prime lenses so expensive? Because smaller equivalent = more expensive and more difficult to manufacture. Just look at ultrabooks or surface pro etc. , and equivalent laptop with a larger 15.6″ screen actually cost significantly less.
What is the size of an MFT lens?
An MFT lens is designed to cover the MFT sensor size, i.e. 18mm x 13.5mm. This is approximately 30% less than an APS-C sensor, and approximately 75% less than full frame.
Can You mount Four Thirds lenses on MFT cameras?
In addition, all the lenses that had been released for the Four Thirds system can be mounted and operated on mFT cameras with the help of an FT to MFT adapter. Even though the lens catalog appears rather comprehensive already, it continues to expand. So what can we expect in terms of new lens releases over the coming months?
What are the best MFT lenses for event photography?
Focusing is lightning fast in good light, and actually very impressive in low light too, making the Panasonic 35-100mm f/2.8 II a solid event photography lens for MFT shooters.
Why would I want a 90mm MFT lens?
Whilst there are several other f/1.8 (and faster) MFT lenses available, using slightly longer focal lengths such as this 90mm equivalent, really helps to produce subject separation akin to more expensive (and bigger!) APS-C and full frame sensors.


German-based eyewear brand MYKITA has teamed up with Leica to craft a collection of sunglasses that feature optical-grade lenses. The debut collection between the two features two unique designs: various hybrid frames that combine handcrafted stainless steel with MYLON, a newly-designed material from MYKITA that’s made using 3D printing technology, as well as a model that utilizes pure stainless steel.
On the MYLON hybrid models, a top bar made with the material can be seen, mirroring a camera lens hood in order to protect the wearer’s eyes from overhead sun rays by closing the gap between the wearer’s brow and the frame. The all-stainless steel models further take note of Leica’s highly-engineered products, referencing the grip on the brand’s camera lenses through red-lacquered edges, which reduces peripheral light anomalies and disturbances. Leica fans will immediately note the geometric shape on the lenses, which are highly reminiscent of the frontal view of a Leica camera lens hood. Other details that highlight the partnership include a muted color palette of black, silver, taupe grey, and lacquered red accents, all of which reference Leica’s characteristic colors.
Two lenses are featured within the collaboration, both of which have been specially developed for the collection. The organic 1.6 index lenses are individually ground and polished from a cast lens blank, a process typically only utilized when producing prescription lenses. Customers in select countries will also be able to order prescription sun lenses, ensuring that they don’t sacrifice on style by getting miscolored lenses elsewhere. The proprietary lenses are equally distinguished by an AquaAquaDura® Vision Pro coating, something Leica has been extensively working on in order to improve its professional photography and sports optics. More lens details include an achromatic anti-reflective coating that helps in protecting the wearer from rear reflections, water, dirt, and damage, equally preventing fogging and further allowing for easy cleaning. Regardless of the lenses chosen, all models will offer 100% UV protection, with polarized lens options filtering glare, surface reflections, and more.
All pairs from the MYKITA x Leica collaboration are to be handcrafted at MYKITA HAUS in Berlin and will undergo the same quality control inspection that Leica employs for its various optics. Rounding off the pieces is a certificate of authenticity and a unique serial number that ensures each pair’s manufacturing standards.
For more related news, check out Chrome Hearts SS20 eyewear range.


1. What is chemical imaging?
Chemical imaging is a method for spatially resolving the chemical properties of a sample in 2D or 3D images. With this technique it is possible to obtain information about the material properties, the structure and the origin of the examined samples.
2. What is FT-IR imaging?
FT-IR imaging is one way to create said spatially resolved chemical images. Each pixel of these images consists of a whole IR spectrum. By interpreting the individual spectra, interesting sample regions can be detected and evaluated.
3. How do you create FT-IR images?
Common methods are sequential single point or line array measurements, as well as the direct acquisition of 2D images by a focal-plane array (FPA) detector. While FPA detectors offer the superior solution, highly automated single-point measurements are an economical alternative.
4. How does an FPA detector work?
The principle of an FPA detector is analogous to that of a digital camera. Instead of visible light, however, a defined array of pixels is illuminated by infrared light, with each detector pixel recording an independent, spatially resolved IR spectrum.
5. Do FPA detectors require apertures?
No, an FPA detector does not require any apertures. Each pixel of the detector functions as an aperture and thus records a spatially IR information directly. This allows much faster and higher resolution measurements compared other detector techniques.
6. Is it possible to adjust the spatial resolution of an FPA?
The spatial resolution of an FPA detector depends on the size of the individual detector pixels. However, adjacent pixels can be combined to form a "larger pixel" and thus the spatial resolution is reduced, also improving spectral quality.
7. Are there different FPA sizes?
FPA detectors are available in different array sizes. Size should be selected according to the optical system (microscope). For example, the LUMOS II is optimized for a 32x32 pixel array, while the HYPERION 3000 is designed for a 64x64 or 128x128 pixel arrays. With the latter it is possible to record an impressive number of more than 16,000 spatially resolved spectra in one scan.
8. Is a larger FPA better?
No, because the size of the FPA detector depends exclusively on the optimal illumination provided by the microscope. A homogeneous illumination of the detector array is important to ensure a consistently high spectral sensitivity both in the center and at the edges of the detector.
9. When does a larger FPA have advantages?
The larger the FPA detector area, the more spectra are recorded simultaneously. Since the spatial resolution is independent of the array size, this means that a 128x128 FPA detector covers an area 16 times larger than a 32x32 detector array in a single measurement.
10. Can FPA be combined with any measurement technique?
Yes they can. FPA detectors offer advantages in transmission, reflection and attenuated total reflection (ATR). Especially when used with ATR technology, this type of detector achieves an exceptionally high spatial resolution.
11. Why is the resolution of FPA measurements in ATR increased?
The combination of a high refractive solid-state lens (germanium ATR crystal) and an "aperture-free" FPA detector increases spatial resolution by a factor of 4 compared to transmission measurements. This effect is also called an immersion lens.
12. Are FPA measurements applicable to all samples?
Since FPA measurements can be combined with all measurement techniques, in principle all types of samples can be analyzed this way. Gases, liquids and other volatile substances cannot be analyzed microscopically due to their kinetic properties.
13. What are typical applications of an FPA?
Typical applications can be found in all areas of industry and research. Starting with the analysis of microplastics, particles and contaminations over the characterization of complex chemical structures, such as biological tissue, pharmaceutical products up to multilayer laminates and lacquers. In short, this detector technology is used wherever very high spatial resolution and the analysis of large sample areas are indispensable.


Rods are a type of photoreceptor cell present in the retina that transmits low-light vision and is most responsible for the neural transmission of nighttime sight.
Why are rods responsible for night vision?
A rod cell is sensitive enough to respond to a single photon of light and is about 100 times more sensitive to a single photon than cones. Since rods require less light to function than cones, they are the primary source of visual information at night (scotopic vision).
Is night vision a rod or cone?
Color Vision and Night Vision
In day vision, visual perception is primarily cone-mediated and perceptions are chromatic. In other words, color vision is present in the light levels of daytime. In night vision, visual perception is rod-mediated and perceptions are principally achromatic.
What are rod cells responsible for?
Rod cells are stimulated by light over a wide range of intensities and are responsible for perceiving the size, shape, and brightness of visual images. They do not perceive colour and fine detail, tasks performed by the other major type of light-sensitive cell, the cone.
How do rods and cones affect night vision?
Rhodopsin is the photopigment used by the rods and is the key to night vision. Intense light causes these pigments to decompose reducing sensitivity to dim light. Darkness causes the molecules to regenerate in a process called “ dark adaptation” in which the eye adjusts to see in the low lighting conditions.
What are rods sensitive to?
The rods are most sensitive to light and dark changes, shape and movement and contain only one type of light-sensitive pigment. Rods are not good for color vision. In a dim room, however, we use mainly our rods, but we are “color blind.” Rods are more numerous than cones in the periphery of the retina.
What happens when rods are damaged?
When the rod cells become more involved, affected individuals experience a decreased ability to see at night or in low light situations and may lose the ability to see clearly to the sides (peripheral vision).
What is responsible for night vision?
Rods are a type of photoreceptor cell present in the retina that transmits low-light vision and is most responsible for the neural transmission of nighttime sight. Rods have a singular photopigment, rhodopsin, which utilizes the protein scotopsin and the Vitamin A-derived cofactor, retinol.
What are the symptoms of night blindness?
Symptoms of night blindness include:
- Abnormal trouble adapting to the dark while driving at night.
- Blurry vision when driving in the dark.
- Difficulty seeing in places with dim lighting, like your house or a movie theater.
- Excessive squinting at night.
- Trouble adjusting from bright areas to darker ones.
How do rods affect peripheral vision?
Rods Help Your Peripheral Vision And Help You See In Low Light. The rod is responsible for your ability to see in low light levels, or scotopic vision. The rod is more sensitive than the cone. This is why you are still able to perceive shapes and some objects even in dim light or no light at all.
What are rods in the eye?
Rods are a type of photoreceptor cell in the retina. They are sensitive to light levels and help give us good vision in low light. They are concentrated in the outer areas of the retina and give us peripheral vision.
What happens if you have no rods in your eyes?
Cones typically break down before rods, which is why sensitivity to light and impaired color vision are usually the first signs of the disorder. (The order of cell breakdown is also reflected in the condition name.) Night vision is disrupted later, as rods are lost.
What is the main function of rods in the eye quizlet?
Rod cells, or rods, are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that can function in less intense light than the other type of visual photoreceptor, cone cells. Rods are concentrated at the outer edges of the retina and are used in peripheral vision.
What happens if you stay in complete darkness?
One impact of being in complete darkness is that it can wreck your sleep cycle. … This means that the time they feel like going to sleep doesn’t stay in a regular pattern and can shift each day. Disruptions to our circadian rhythm can also make us feel depressed and fatigued.
What happens to the rods and cones in your eye as you walk from a dark room into bright sunlight?
Rods have slow recovery times. In the sunlight, the rods are activated. When you go into the dark room, it takes time for all the rods to turn off. … Cones have relatively quick recovery times, so a change in color (wavelength of light seen) will not have the same effect as an increase in light has on rods.
Why do rods have high sensitivity?
One reason rods are more sensitive is that early events in the transduction cascade have greater gain and close channels more rapidly, as alluded to previously.


We report the tunable near-infrared luminescence of Ni2doped SrTiO3(STO:Ni) thin film grown on piezoelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3(PMN-PT) substrate via strain engineering differing from conventional chemical approach. Through controlling the thickness of STO:Ni film, the luminescent properties of the films including emission wavelength and bandwidth, as well as lifetime can be effectively tuned. The observed phenomena can be explained by the variation in the crystal field around Ni 2+ ions caused by strain due to the lattice mismatch. Moreover, the modulation of strain can be controlled under an external electric field via converse piezoelectric effect of PMN-PT used in this work. Consequently, controllable emission of the STO:Ni thin film is demonstrated in a reversible and real-time way, arising from the biaxial strain produced by piezoelectric PMN-PT. Physical mechanism behind the observation is discussed. This work will open a door for not only investigating the luminescent properties of the phosphors via piezoelectric platform, but also potentially developing novel planar light sources.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


Aesculight®, a division of LightScalpel®, LLC, is announcing its new line of VetScalpel® CO2 surgical lasers. Built on over 20 years of American veterinary laser surgery innovation, Aesculight® is revolutionizing veterinary laser surgery once again.
Lisa McCann, DVM, recently visited Christopher J. Winkler, DVM, DABLS, to have a mass in her dog’s bladder removed via laser surgery. Dr. Winkler welcomed Dr. McCann to assist him during the laser surgery. Dr. McCann was so thrilled with the results and Dr. Winkler’s skills and knowledge, that she wrote Aesculight a letter.
Featured in VPN. Find out how surgical lasers have revolutionized minor and complex veterinary surgery.
LightScalpel-Aesculight, LLC, the industry leader in veterinary surgical laser technology, is launching a newly upgraded CO2 laser flexible fiber with increased durability and improved ease of cleaning.


1 x 4 Ways Switcher Splitter
1 x Remote Control Transmitter(no battery)
Suitable for droplight, crystal lamp, modern low-pressure lamp, absorb dome light, day flower lamp, fluorescent lamp, energy-saving lamps, exhaust fan, etc;
It can be used in household, stairs, corridor, washroom, toilet, workshop, warehouse, garage, factory lighting, etc;
Fast and easy to install, not obstructed by walls, capable of connecting any loads;
Remote controller and switch can be used simultaneously for ease and flexibility;
Stable signal receiving.
Launch battery: 12V 23A (not included) for the remote controller;
Resistive load: maximum output power of single set is within 1000W(such as common incandescent light bulb, the light bulb);
Inductive load: maximum output power of single set is within 360W(like light with ballast: energy saving light, bracket lamp, absorb dome light)
Remote control distance: about 8-15meters indoor, over 20m outdoor.
The remote transmitter can only control one switch. Other transmitter can’t be used with the switch.


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CHEEKON Garden lighting 10227-BZ fences post cap solar lamp is the new solar generation energy-saving and eco-friendly LED post cap light. It’s the sturdy and stylish solution for highlighting your home’s favorite landscaping or architectural details. With its elegant and detailed design, this solar post cap light is perfect to bring a nice style for both your front and backyard that will make your neighbors jealous. With the LED bulb technology, you won’t ever need to change a bulb again. Post caps light recharges with an energy efficient and high quality crystalline solar panel technology.
- Compatible – fits to any standard 4″x4″ wood post, Opening size: 3.5 inches.
- Crystalline silicon solar panels, More efficient than amorphous solar panels, charge faster and last longer.
- Light Sensor, turn on at dusk and off at dawn automatically everyday with the photocell technology.
- Weatherproof protective glass lens and a durable bronze finish with magnesium alloy body.
- Included:1 x Post cap light; 1 x AA Ni-MH rechargeable battery; 1 x User Manual


Quay Women's My Girl Sunglasses
Cat-eye Quay sunglasses with marbled acrylic insets at the polished frames. Mirrored lenses. Soft pouch included.
Quay Vesper Sunnies
Quay x Shay Mitchell collection in white with light pink frames. Stainless steel hinged and 100% UV protection. Brand: Quay Fiber Content: Polycarbonate
Quay Capricorn Sunglasses
Share the good vibes in these playfully oversized sunnies, perfect for the go-getter CAPRICORN in your life. Featuring mod squared frames, mixed metal and plastic, and both a mirrored and non-mirrored option, these sunnies are an easy addition to the #QUAYSQUAD lineup. Options: Black frame with Pink Mirror lens or Brown Tort with Brown lens Polycarbonate and Metal Frame. Polycarbonate Lens. Stainless Steel Hinges. Width: 145mm. Height: 58mm. Nose Gap: 14mm. Brand: Quay Australia Fiber Content: Polycarbonate and Metal Frame
These statement-making retro chic sunnies feature plastic frames with contrasting delicate metal temples, polished double bridge, rounded lenses and adjustable nose pads. 100% UV protection. Width: 150mm. Height: 55mm. Nose Gap: 12mm. Brand: Quay Australia Fiber Content: Polycarbonate and Metal Frame. Polycarbonate Lens. Stainless Steel Hinges.
Quay Vesper Sunglasses
Angular cat-eye frames with oversized silhouette by Quay Australia. Soft case included. 56mm lens width; 17mm bridge width; 142mm temple length. 100% UV protection. Polycarbonate. Brand: Quay Australia Made in: Australia Fiber Content: 100% polycarbonate
Quay Jinx Sunglasses
Make a statement with the Quay X Shay Mitchell Jinx shades in white! Slight cat eyes with brown tint. Brand: Quay Australia Fiber Content: Polycarbonate lens
Quay Women's Mirrored Running Riot QU-000149-/RED Aviator Sunglasses
The Running Riot sunglasses by Quay is the go-to accessory for everyone this season With the Aviator style and bold color these sunglasses will become a staple item in your summer wardrobe The red mirrored lens give off the cool girl vibe while the top bar makes your look feel retro Be the trendsetter and style these Quay Running Riot sunglasses your own way
Quay Invader Sunglasses
Invader sunglasses by Quay Australia. These sunnies are white metal with blue tinted polycarbonate lenses. 100% UV protection and soft case included. Make heads turn this Spring and Summer in the Invaders! Brand: Quay Australia Fiber Content: Metal, polycarbonate
Quay Women's Fleur 49Mm Round Sunglasses - Gold/ Green
Stand out on the festival scene in these funky sunglasses designed with classic round lenses set inside cutout metal frames. Brand: QUAY AUSTRALIA. Style Name:Quay Australia Fleur 49Mm Round Sunglasses. Style Number: 5338643. Available in stores.
Quay My Girl Cat Eye Sunglasses, 55mm
Metallic accents update Quay's beach-ready sunnies at the bridge and frame corners. 100% UV protection Logo at temples 55 mm lens width Imported Prop 65 Notice for CA customers
Free Shipping 100USD+Quay High Emotion Sunglasses
Born roadside on the festival circuit with Linda and Allen Hammond in 2004, Quay Eyewear Australia is a notoriously cool, affordable and quirky range of sunnies for the nonconforming and freethinking. As word spread, the eyewear label continued to flourish and joined by son Zak, launched in the international market in 2009. Acetate frames 100% UV protection Includes pouch 50-22-145 in mm.
Quay My Girl Cat-Eye White & Silver Sunglasses
Sweet meets sassy in the My Girl Cat-Eye Sunglasses by Quay. These sunglasses have an oversized cat-eye shape, tinted lenses and 100% UV protection. Polycarbonate and metal frame Polycarbonate lenses 100% UV Protection Width: 150mm, Height: 55mm, Nose Gap: 15mm Sku # 0650497400049
Quay **high emotion white marble/blue
Keep your accessories look on-point in these sunglasses by Quay with an mirrored lens. We love the classic shape. 100% Plastic. Wipe light marks with a cloth. Color: WHITE Code: 63A01JWHT
Quay Last Dance Rounded Cat Eye Sunglasses, 53mm
100% UV protection Logo at lens corner Lens width: 53 mm Bridge width: 13 mm Arm length: 135 mm Includes soft case Imported
Quay **my girl siunglasses
Add instant glamour to your summer accessories with these sunglasses by Quay Australia, with a cool marble-look frame and black lens.100% Plastic. Color: WHITE Code: 63A15JWHT
Quay My Girl Sunglasses
Cat-eye Quay sunglasses with marbled acrylic insets at the polished frames. Mirrored lenses. Soft pouch included. Cateye frame. Non-polarized lenses. Imported, China. Measurements Width: 6in / 15cm Height: 2.25in / 5.5cm Lens Width: 53mm
Quay Fleur Sunglasses
QUAY sunglasses with cutout metal frames. Soft pouch included. Round frame. Non-polarized lenses. Imported, China. Measurements Width: 5.5in / 14cm Height: 2.25in / 5.5cm Lens Width: 50mm
Quay Supergirl Sunglasses
Enameled Quay sunglasses in a modern cat-eye shape. Mirrored lenses. Soft case included. Cateye frame. Non-polarized lenses. Imported, China. Measurements Width: 6in / 15cm Height: 2.25in / 5.5cm Lens Width: 53mm
Quay French Kiss Sunglasses
Translucent trim surrounds the mirrored lenses of these chic Quay sunglasses. Soft case included. Cateye frame. Non-polarized lenses. Imported, China. Measurements Width: 6in / 15cm Height: 2.25in / 5.5cm Lens Width: 55mm
Quay Noosa Sunglasses
Eye-catching Quay sunglasses with a marbled finish and colorful mirrored lenses. Soft case included. Cateye frame. Non-polarized lenses. Imported, China. Measurements Width: 5.75in / 14.5cm Height: 2in / 5cm Lens Width: 57mm
Quay My Girl Oversized Cat-Eye Sunglasses
From Quay Australia, the My Girl women's sunglasses feature: plastic-coated metal oversized cat-eye frame metal bridge curved temples 100% UV protection prescription compatible approx. 50mm lens width; 20mm bridgh width; 145mm temple length Imported.


Hand Operated Eye Mechanism for Puppets
Hurry! Only 2 Left in Stock!
These blinking eyes are fully mechanical, hand operated via the pull-down lever, and are mounted on a base plate ready to be fitted into a puppets head!
You can cover the eyelids in fleece/fur to match the puppet project you're working on.
These eyes have been hand designed and printed using ABS filament and polished to a smooth matte finish, on a 3D printer. Each eyelid measures 48mm across and the eye is 44mm.
We can supply any colour/design iris with this order, please see photos for eye options, or alternatively they can be left blank for your own painting.
★★Please specify iris colour when you order these eyes!★★


How long before you can sleep on your side after cataract surgery?
Cataract surgery should not affect how you sleep, aside from wearing the protective eye shield to avoid rubbing the eye. Rubbing your eye or even water splashing in your eye can aggravate the chances of infection. You may also want to avoid sleeping on the side of the operated eye for the first 24 hours.
How long after cataract surgery can I resume normal activities?
You may be able to go back to light activity within a few days to a week after cataract surgery. Light walking, stretching, and activities that do not involve placing your head lower than your body, bending at the waist, heavy lifting, or high intensity are generally acceptable within a day or two after surgery.
Do and don’ts after cataract surgery?
Time to Heal Immediately after the surgery, avoid bending over as it puts added pressure on your eye. Try not to sneeze for the same reasons. Do not drive the day after your surgery. We don’t want you to do any strenuous exercise or heavy lifting for the first few weeks after your surgery.
What is ghosting after cataract surgery?
Some people describe halos, ghosting, slight overlapping of images (not double vision) and unexpected flashes of light. The medical term for all these changes is dysphotopsia.
How long does it take for eyes to adjust after cataract surgery?
Typically, within eight weeks, both eyes should have fully healed and your vision should be stable. While cataract surgery and the use of IOLs can reduce your dependence on glasses or contacts, most patients still need reading glasses, or a lighter general prescription.
Should I wear my old glasses after cataract surgery?
Are they safe to wear? You will not harm your eyes by wearing your old glasses. However, you may prefer not wearing them since, in most cases, your vision will have improved after surgery, in particular your distance vision.
How long does it take to get used to monovision?
1 to 2 weeks
Can the lens move after cataract surgery?
The dislocation of the artificial lens implant, the intraocular lens (IOL), can also occur during or after cataract surgery. The IOL can shift from its proper position or fall into the vitreous cavity. In this case, vitreous surgery is needed to replace the IOL into its correct position.
How long does it take for your vision to stabilize after cataract surgery with lens implant?
The consensus seems to be that it takes 1-3 months. So you should expect your eyes to have stabilized 2-4 months after the surgery. You’ll probably have another Ophthalmologist appointment around that time. That’s when you should be ready to have your eyes tested and be given a new glasses prescription if needed.
Is it normal to see edge of lens after cataract surgery?
This is the patient perceiving the edge of the IOL, which usually only happens at night. It’s a common complaint and rarely a serious problem if you tell patients that seeing an occasional arc is normal. It usually resolves over time—especially if the capsule overlaps the IOL edge.
What holds the new lens in place after cataract surgery?
During most cataract surgery procedures, the IOL is placed inside the capsular bag, a sack-like structure in the eye that previously contained the cloudy lens. In some situations, this extremely thin capsular bag or the fibers that hold it in place rupture and the IOL support is compromised.
What can go wrong with lens replacement?
One of the risks of lens replacement surgery is that in some cases there may be some residual short or long-sightedness, or astigmatism following the procedure. Therefore spectacles may be required for specific tasks such as reading small print or driving.
How long does it take for a lens implant to heal?
How long does it take to recover from surgery for an intraocular lens implant (IOL)? It’ll take about 8 weeks to fully heal. During that time: Keep your eye covered with a patch or glasses for the first several days — even when you sleep.
Can a lens implant be redone?
Can the IOL be removed and replaced? Although it is rarely necessary, the IOL can be removed and replaced. Although the need to remove the lens is very unusual, the most common reason would be that the power is incorrect, despite all of the preliminary calculations.
Is it possible to have cataract surgery twice?
During cataract surgery, the natural cataract-affected lens is removed entirely and replaced with an artificial lens. So, it is actually impossible to get another cataract.
Can your vision get worse after cataract surgery?
No, your vision generally doesn’t deteriorate after cataract surgery unless other problems arise, such as macular degeneration or glaucoma. In cataract surgery, the eye doctor (ophthalmologist) removes the clouded lens from your eye and replaces it with a clear, artificial lens.


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Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)
PRK uses a laser to sculpt the cornea for the treatment of low to moderate degrees of nearsightedness and farsightedness, with or without astigmatism. The outer layer of the cornea, the epithelium, is first removed and the excimer laser then reshapes the cornea. A temporary contact lens is then placed over the cornea. As the cornea heals and a new epithelium is made to cover the area reshaped by the laser, there may be some discomfort and blurred vision. After the epithelium is healed within a few days, the contact is removed, it may take several months before the best vision is obtained.
Laser in situ keratomilieusis (LASIK)
LASIK is a popular surgical procedure that also uses the excimer laser to reshape the cornea. This procedure has been approved by the FDA for nearsightedness, farsightedness and mild to moderate amounts of astigmatism.
This technique first creates a thin corneal flap using an instrument called a microkeratome, and then reshapes the underlying cornea with a laser. The flap is then replaced in its original position to cover the cornea. No contact lenses are generally needed and the improvement in vision is much more rapid than PRK. There will be some discomfort for a few hours after the procedure and patients are generally very comfortable the next day.
Advantages over PRK:
Laser-assisted sub-epithelial keratomilieusis (LASEK)
This is a variant of PRK where the corneal epithelium is loosened by the use of alcohol and then the PRK is performed. The epithelium is then folded back onto the cornea and a bandage contact lens is placed over the eye. This may help in healing compared with the PRK but will be slower than the LASIK procedure.


Sony a7 Overview
An extremely light and portable camera, the Sony a7 holds a resolution of 24 megapixels. The camera is a part of Sony’s new lineup and has been praised by many photographers. It gives a full-frame performance and is one of the best mirrorless cameras. With a full-frame CMOS sensor, the camera gives an accurate and clear shot with both images and videos. With up to 4 fps speed priority continuous shooting, the Sony a7 also consists of ISO 100-25600, helping it perform better.
Equipped with the ability to capture raw videos and images, this camera is preferred to be used when in need of a professional yet durable camera. The Sony A7 review aims to highlight that this is an interchangeable lens camera with 2.4 million dot OLED viewfinder and an expandable shoe system. It also has the ability to connect over Wi-Fi. The camera with its full-frame sensor has great applications. It also comes with Fast Intelligent AF, which make is more responsive and accurate.
Some additional features include connectivity to smartphones, an app to allow feature upgrades, Fast Hybrid phase detection, remote camera control, multi-interface, new eye AF control, XGA OLED Tru-Finder and much more.
Sony a7 YouTube Performance Review
The Sony a7 camera has the ability to capture full 1920 x 1080 HD clean-screen videos which are uncompressed. These videos can also be recorded to external recording devices with the help of the available HDMI connection in 60p and 60i frame rates. The camera also includes a standard 60i, cinematic 24p, and super-smooth 60p frame rate, which is selectable from the built-in AVCHD codec frame rates.
Due to its robust sensor, the Sony a7 is able to capture high-quality videos in low light. The camera comes with a microphone jack and two inputs, which allow you to plug in external mics.
- The Sony a7 has a very robust feel to it
- Zoom field can be moved in order to focus more accurately
- The auto focus is very good
- Custom keys available
- Captures good films and images in low light
- You can control the audio while recording
- The menu structure is pretty clear
- Excellent EVF and LCD, allowing minimal camera setups
- Only microHDMI is available
- The location of the record button is not feasible
- Consists of only 4x zoom
Summing up the Sony a7 review with an overall rating of 4.5 out of 5, the camera has been praised for its sleek design and compactness. Since it consists of a strong sensor, it has the ability to take accurate and clear pictures. Also, the camera is able to perform quite well in the dark. The image quality of the camera is better as compared to its video results. The camera also comes with image stabilization, which allows it to take clearer images. It also has a wide range and a quick response.


Does the Micromax Canvas Xpress 4G Q413 really need a glass screen protector? Because the Micromax Canvas Xpress 4G Q413 already comes with gorilla glass, that will protect the front glass. Once you drop the device by accident, the glass has a limit to survive from the heavy power. That is why you need a high quality tempered glass for Micromax Canvas Xpress 4G Q413. glass screen protector is a thin glass that will stick on Micromax Canvas Xpress 4G Q413s front panel.
1.Ultra-clear High Definition with transparency to allow an optimal viewing experience.
2.The tempered glass is very good quality.
3.The tempered glass will be arrived your shop or home in 72 hours with fast shipment.
4.The tempered glass screen protector goes on easily without bubbles.
Package: Retail Box
Estimated Shipping Weight: 48g


Proper lighting is essential for creating a productive and comfortable workspace. Whether you work from home or in an office, having the right lighting can make a significant difference in your overall well-being and productivity. In this article, we will explore some tips for illuminating your workspace and creating an eye-friendly setup.
First and foremost, natural light is the best source of illumination. If possible, position your desk near a window to take advantage of the natural light during the day. Natural light not only provides a more pleasant and soothing environment but also helps reduce eye strain and fatigue. However, it’s important to avoid direct sunlight on your computer screen, as it can cause glare and make it difficult to see.
In addition to natural light, it’s crucial to have proper artificial lighting in your workspace. A combination of ambient, task, and accent lighting can help create a well-lit and visually appealing environment. Ambient lighting provides overall illumination and should be evenly distributed throughout the room. This can be achieved through ceiling lights, floor lamps, or wall sconces.
Task lighting is essential for specific activities such as reading, writing, or working on a computer. A desk lamp with an adjustable arm and a shade that directs light downward is ideal for providing focused lighting without causing glare. Position the lamp to the side of your dominant hand to minimize shadows on your work surface.
Accent lighting adds depth and visual interest to your workspace. It can be achieved through the use of spotlights, track lighting, or even decorative string lights. Accent lighting can be particularly useful if you have artwork or decorative elements in your workspace that you want to highlight.
When setting up your workspace, consider the placement of your lighting fixtures. Avoid placing lights directly above your computer screen, as this can cause glare and make it difficult to see. Instead, position the lights slightly behind or to the side of your monitor to minimize reflections.
Lastly, don’t forget to take regular breaks and give your eyes a rest. Staring at a screen for extended periods can lead to eye strain and discomfort. Follow the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look away from your screen and focus on an object at least 20 feet away for 20 seconds. This simple exercise can help reduce eye fatigue and keep your eyes feeling refreshed.
In conclusion, proper lighting is crucial for creating a comfortable and eye-friendly workspace. Incorporate natural light, use a combination of ambient, task, and accent lighting, and position your lights strategically to minimize glare. Remember to take regular breaks and give your eyes a rest. By following these tips, you can illuminate your workspace and create an environment that promotes productivity and well-being.
Introduction: The Importance of Proper Lighting in Your Workspace
Proper lighting in your workspace is crucial for both productivity and eye health. The right lighting can enhance your focus, reduce eye strain, and create a comfortable and inviting environment. On the other hand, poor lighting can lead to decreased productivity, eye fatigue, and even long-term eye damage. Therefore, it is essential to understand the impact of lighting on your work environment and take steps to optimize it.
Understanding the Impact of Lighting on Productivity and Eye Health
The impact of lighting on productivity and eye health cannot be overstated. Studies have shown that well-lit workspaces can increase productivity by up to 20%. Bright lighting stimulates the brain, improves alertness, and enhances cognitive function. On the other hand, dim or inadequate lighting can lead to decreased focus, reduced motivation, and increased errors.
Moreover, improper lighting can have detrimental effects on eye health. Insufficient lighting can cause eye strain, dryness, and discomfort, leading to headaches and decreased visual acuity. Prolonged exposure to poor lighting conditions can even contribute to long-term eye problems such as myopia and astigmatism.
Assessing Your Workspace: Evaluating Current Lighting Conditions
Before making any changes to your lighting setup, it is essential to assess your current workspace. Take note of the existing lighting conditions, including the type of lighting fixtures, their placement, and the overall brightness. Pay attention to any areas that are too bright or too dim, as well as any glare or reflections on your computer screen or work surface.
Natural Lighting: Harnessing the Power of Sunlight for a Brighter Workspace
Natural lighting is a valuable asset in any workspace. Sunlight provides a full spectrum of light that is beneficial for both productivity and eye health. Position your desk near a window to maximize the amount of natural light you receive. However, be mindful of direct sunlight, as it can cause glare and discomfort. Consider using blinds or curtains to control the amount of sunlight entering your workspace.
Artificial Lighting: Choosing the Right Light Bulbs for Optimal Illumination
In addition to natural lighting, artificial lighting plays a significant role in creating a well-lit workspace. When choosing light bulbs, opt for those that mimic natural light as closely as possible. LED bulbs are an excellent choice as they provide bright, energy-efficient illumination. Look for bulbs with a high color rendering index (CRI) to ensure accurate color representation.
Task Lighting: Enhancing Focus and Minimizing Eye Strain
Task lighting is a valuable addition to any workspace, especially for tasks that require focused attention. Desk lamps or adjustable arm lights can provide targeted illumination, reducing eye strain and improving visual clarity. Position the task light to the side of your dominant hand to minimize shadows and glare on your work surface.
Positioning Your Lighting: Creating a Balanced and Glare-Free Workspace
Proper positioning of lighting fixtures is crucial to create a balanced and glare-free workspace. Avoid placing lights directly above your head or behind your computer screen, as this can cause shadows and glare. Instead, position the lights at an angle to minimize reflections and ensure even illumination across your workspace.
Color Temperature: Selecting the Right Lighting Hue for Your Needs
Color temperature refers to the warmth or coolness of light. Different tasks may require different color temperatures to optimize productivity and visual comfort. For tasks that require focus and concentration, such as reading or detailed work, choose bulbs with a cooler color temperature (5000K-6500K). For tasks that require a more relaxed atmosphere, such as brainstorming or creative work, opt for warmer color temperatures (2700K-3500K).
Dimmers and Adjustable Lighting: Customizing Illumination to Suit Your Tasks
Having the ability to adjust the brightness of your lighting is essential for creating a comfortable workspace. Dimmers or adjustable lighting fixtures allow you to customize the illumination to suit your specific tasks and preferences. Lower the brightness for tasks that require less visual acuity, and increase it for tasks that demand more focus and attention.
Reducing Glare and Reflections: Minimizing Eye Fatigue and Discomfort
Glare and reflections can cause significant eye fatigue and discomfort. To reduce glare, use matte finishes on your desk surface and computer screen. Position your monitor at a right angle to any windows or light sources to minimize reflections. Anti-glare filters or screen protectors can also be used to reduce glare on your computer screen.
Ergonomic Considerations: Combining Lighting with Proper Desk Setup
Proper lighting should be combined with an ergonomic desk setup to create a comfortable and efficient workspace. Position your monitor at eye level to reduce strain on your neck and eyes. Ensure that your desk and chair are at the correct height to maintain proper posture. By combining proper lighting with ergonomic considerations, you can create a workspace that promotes productivity and protects your eye health.
Maintenance and Upkeep: Ensuring Longevity and Efficiency of Your Lighting Setup
Lastly, it is crucial to regularly maintain and upkeep your lighting setup to ensure its longevity and efficiency. Clean your light fixtures and bulbs regularly to remove dust and dirt that can reduce their brightness. Replace any burnt-out bulbs promptly to maintain optimal illumination. Additionally, consider upgrading to energy-efficient lighting options to reduce energy consumption and lower your carbon footprint.
In conclusion, proper lighting in your workspace is essential for productivity and eye health. By understanding the impact of lighting, assessing your current setup, and implementing the tips mentioned above, you can create a well-lit and eye-friendly workspace that enhances your focus, minimizes eye strain, and promotes overall well-being. Remember, a well-illuminated workspace is a key ingredient for success.


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Myopia, commonly known as nearsightedness, is a prevalent vision condition that affects millions of people worldwide. While it is widely accepted that genetics plays a significant role in the development of myopia, there is still much debate and uncertainty about the precise mechanisms through which it is inherited. In this article, we will delve into the complex world of myopia genetics, examining the reasons behind its hereditary nature, and explore potential solutions and preventive measures. We will also address the unique case presented by the author, where neither parent had congenital myopia, yet their child is at risk.
Understanding Myopia Genetics
Myopia is a refractive error where the eye focuses light in front of the retina, causing distant objects to appear blurry. Genetics has long been recognized as a crucial factor in myopia development. Research suggests that myopia is a polygenic trait, meaning that multiple genes are involved in its inheritance. These genes influence various aspects of eye growth and development.
- The Role of Family History: It is not uncommon for myopia to run in families. Individuals with parents who have myopia are more likely to develop myopia themselves. This family connection points to a genetic component, but it is not the whole story. Inherited genetic factors interact with environmental factors to determine an individual’s risk of developing myopia.
- Gene Variants Associated with Myopia: Scientists have identified several genes and gene variants associated with myopia susceptibility. These genes are involved in processes such as eye growth, scleral remodeling, and the regulation of eye shape. However, the interplay between these genes and environmental factors remains complex and poorly understood.
- Environmental Factors: While genetics is a significant contributor to myopia, environmental factors also play a crucial role. Factors like excessive near-work, limited outdoor time, and high screen time have been linked to an increased risk of myopia development, particularly in children.
The Unique Case of Inherited Myopia
The author’s case presents an intriguing puzzle: neither parent had congenital myopia, and both maintained good eyesight during their school years. However, their child is showing signs of myopia progression at a very young age. To understand this scenario, we must consider several factors:
- Genetic Predisposition: While neither parent had congenital myopia, they may still carry genetic variants that increase the risk of myopia in their offspring. Myopia is a complex trait influenced by multiple genes, and it is possible for individuals to carry these risk alleles without being nearsighted themselves.
- Environmental Factors: The environment in which a child grows up can significantly impact their risk of developing myopia. Factors like increased screen time, reduced outdoor activities, and prolonged near-work can contribute to myopia progression in genetically predisposed individuals.
- Early Intervention: It is essential to recognize signs of myopia in children early on and take preventive measures. Regular eye examinations and discussions with eye care professionals can help identify myopia in its early stages and allow for the implementation of interventions like orthokeratology, which can slow down the progression of myopia.
- The Role of Genetics in Myopia Onset: While congenital myopia is one form of myopia, it is not the only way myopia can develop. Myopia can manifest later in life due to a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. It is possible for children to inherit a genetic susceptibility to myopia, even if their parents did not experience it until later in life.
Solutions and Preventive Measures
Given the increasing prevalence of myopia worldwide, understanding its genetic basis is crucial. Here are some strategies to address myopia and potentially prevent its onset or progression:
- Regular Eye Examinations: Routine eye check-ups for children are essential for early detection of myopia. This allows for timely intervention and management.
- Outdoor Time: Encourage children to spend more time outdoors, as studies suggest that increased outdoor activities may reduce the risk of myopia development.
- Limit Screen Time: Monitor and limit screen time for children, as excessive screen use can contribute to myopia progression.
- Vision Hygiene: Promote healthy vision habits, such as taking breaks from near-work, maintaining proper lighting, and using ergonomically designed workspaces.
- Orthokeratology: Consider orthokeratology as an option for myopia control in children. This non-surgical treatment involves the use of special contact lenses that reshape the cornea overnight, potentially slowing myopia progression.
The genetics of myopia is a complex and multifaceted subject. While heredity plays a significant role in myopia development, it is not the sole determinant. Environmental factors and lifestyle choices also influence an individual’s risk of developing myopia. The unique case presented by the author highlights the intricate interplay between genetics and environmental factors.
To address the issue of myopia, it is essential to focus on early detection, preventive measures, and intervention strategies. Regular eye examinations, outdoor activities, and limiting screen time are crucial steps in managing myopia in children. Understanding the genetic basis of myopia will continue to be a topic of research, with the hope of developing more targeted interventions and personalized treatments in the future.


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