Residents spend the afternoon at a cooling center at Kellogg Middle School in Portland, Oregon, during an August heat wave.
already kills more Americans than any other weather-related disaster, according to the National Weather Service, and climate change is making these extreme events even more dangerous.
The Northwest's record-breaking heat wave in June, which scientists say would have been "
virtually impossible" without human-caused climate change, for instance, killed hundreds of people in Oregon, Washington and British Columbia. When Hurricane Ida pummeled Louisiana early this month, a heat wave exacerbated the impacts of the storm.
The compounding consequences of extreme heat don't fall equally across communities. A
recent study from the University of California, San Diego, found that low-income neighborhoods and communities with high Black, Hispanic and Asian populations experience significantly more heat than wealthier and predominantly white neighborhoods.
It reflects an
earlier study that traces the legacy of neighborhood redlining, the government-sanctioned effort in the 1930s to segregate people of color by denying them housing loans and insurance. While redlining was banned in the late 1960s, remnants of the discriminatory practice are still apparent.
The research analyzed 108 cities in the United States and found that 94% of historically redlined neighborhoods are disproportionately hotter than other areas in the same city.
Redlined neighborhoods typically suffer the most from the
urban heat island effect, according to the study, in which some urban areas can be up to 20 degrees hotter than neighborhoods just a few blocks away. Areas with a lot of asphalt, buildings and freeways absorb more of the sun's heat than areas with parks, rivers and tree-lined streets.
Vivek Shandas, lead author of the redlining study and professor of climate adaptation and urban policy at Portland State University, said in addition to historic planning policies, the materials used to construct buildings also play a huge role in amplifying the most severe effects of extreme heat, particularly in low-income apartment complexes.
"What we end up seeing, as these higher density buildings are made of materials that are often able to withstand a heavier load from the multiple floors, is that they're made out of concrete and steel, which amplifies heat," Shandas previously told CNN. "So not only do we have historic planning policies that are creating a distribution of heat that's inequitable, we're also seeing the kinds of buildings that are going into historically disinvested neighborhoods are those types of buildings that retain the sun's solar radiation, and then amplify it."
The effect is striking on the walk from Manhattan's Central Park to East Harlem, says Sonal Jessel, director of policy at the Harlem-based nonprofit WE ACT for Environmental Justice.
The trees that dot the wealthy and predominantly white Upper East Side neighborhood begin to disappear, Jessel says. In contrast, East Harlem, a diverse and historically marginalized neighborhood, is surrounded by freeways and streets, has less tree cover and more industry.
"Ultimately, I describe extreme heat as such a risk-multiplier," Jessel told CNN. "It's not an issue that exists in a vacuum at all, and lower-income communities or communities of color bear the brunt of all these different hardships."
Portland, Oregon, and Seattle, two major cities that got scorched by the June heat wave, rank first and third, respectively, among cities with the highest proportion of households without air conditioning, according to a
US Census Bureau survey of 25 major metropolitan areas. Experts say those least likely to have air conditioning are the people who will endure the worst heat — historically underserved communities.
"And unfortunately, we're not well prepared, just generally speaking in the Pacific Northwest, for heat," Shandas said. "That's where the human side of it comes up, whether people are recognizing that they're actually experiencing some level of heat stress and it might be an unfamiliar experience for them."
June Spector, a professor of environmental and occupational health sciences at the University of Washington, Seattle, said heat exhaustion is one of the most common heat-related illnesses, yet many remain unaware of its symptoms.
"You haven't quite gotten to that point where the core body temperature has gone up, but you feel nauseous, have a headache, you feel very fatigued, and you're probably somewhat dehydrated if you've been in a really hot environment," Spector told CNN. "Having that awareness is really key because you don't want to not treat that or not address that before it gets more serious."
Some cities are already taking steps to tackle the ripple effects of extreme heat. In
Chicago and Philadelphia, city governments are offering financial incentives to install green roofs to cool cities and combat urban heat. In Dallas, urban green spaces are set to be built in some of the most heat-sensitive areas of the city. In Los Angeles, some streets are being painted with a grayish-white coating to prevent absorbing energy from the sun, and instead reflecting it back.
In New York, Jessel has been overseeing a flurry of sustainable and equitable heat action plans, implementing an initiative that focuses on heat, health and equity. A big part of that initiative is ensuring low-income renters are well equipped to deal with extreme heat while simultaneously mitigating climate change through energy-efficient buildings.
Experts say climate change-fueled disasters are becoming a public health issue. Some, like extreme heat, are turning into
mass casualty events. Experts such as Jessel and Spector say such plans need to be equitable to avoid the most pernicious public health impacts.
"It's really up to us to figure out how can we mitigate that and kind of halt climate change if possible," Spector said, "but really adapt to it and figure out how we can make our communities safer for everyone."
These are the 20 most humid cities in America
Most humid cities in America
Vapor in the air, referred to as humidity, can be both helpful and harmful. Humid air helps plants thrive, helps fend off the flu, and brings much-needed rainfall to dry areas. It also agitates allergies and asthma, while causing
a host of heat-related health problems. Shifts in humidity aren’t uncommon, and minor fluctuations can quickly turn a leisurely walk in the park into a hot, sweaty ordeal.
Seasonal temperatures, geography, and infrastructure are all factors that make a city humid. Climate change
affects global humidity levels in a myriad of harmful ways. Urbanization, deforestation, and a shift in irrigation practices has caused humidity to increase with consequences for cities and the people that live in them.
To find the most humid cities in America,
Duradry analyzed data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Comparative Climatic Data. The Comparative Climate database uses data from land-based weather stations and contains data from the 1950s through 2018. Humidity was measured using relative humidity, defined as “a percentage measure of the amount of moisture in the air compared to the maximum amount of moisture the air can hold at the same temperature and pressure.” Duradry averaged relative humidity from both morning and afternoon measurements to rank 20 American cities. Places with less than 50,000 people according to the U.S. Census were removed.
A city’s proximity to water increases the amount of moisture in the air. Desert cities like Las Vegas have
low humidity levels, while their coastal counterparts—like a particularly popular vacation spot in Florida—are listed here among America’s most humid cities. Cities that see hot summers and cold winters experience the effects of added moisture in the air. In warmer temperatures, weather reports refer to the combination of air temperature and relative humidity as the “ heat index.” As the heat and relative humidity rise, they drive up the heat index, causing it to feel hotter outside.
Cities usually experience higher humidity than rural areas. In the summers, air conditioners and other machinery generate heat, while buildings absorb it. In rural areas with more greenery, heat evaporates in the evenings to keep the air cooler. Concrete in urban centers doesn’t allow for proper evaporation, leading to
more humidity in cities.
Keep reading to find out which 20 cities in America experience the most humidity, and find out how and why it affects these spots in the country more than others.
#20. Gainesville, Florida
- Average relative humidity: 72.5%
- Morning average: 82.3%
- Afternoon average: 51.6%
Surrounded by water, the Florida peninsula is frequently impacted by extreme weather conditions like hurricanes during the summer months. According to
a 2018 study by climate researchers, heat waves and intense temperatures are becoming more frequent in Florida cities, and Gainesville, in the heart of the peninsula, is no exception. Home to the University of Florida, vacationers and snowbirds are encouraged to visit cities like Gainesville during the winter months, as the temperatures dip and weather patterns become more manageable.
#19. Green Bay, Wisconsin
- Average relative humidity: 72.8%
- Morning average: 76.4%
- Afternoon average: 57.9%
At the entrance of the Fox River, Green Bay, Wisconsin’s humid continental climate sees severe and extreme variances in temperatures between seasons. In June 2021, the city experienced its
earliest heat wave since 1988. With 90 F heat over five consecutive days, Green Bay has been heavily impacted by the humidity. A recent storm downed the power across Wisconsin, while a tornado was in effect in and around Green Bay in August 2021. Consistently heightened weather conditions signal a larger issue related to climate change. Home of the National Football League’s Green Bay Packers, the city is a trading and manufacturing hub in northeastern Wisconsin.
#17. Waterloo, Iowa
- Average relative humidity: 73%
- Morning average: 77.8%
- Afternoon average: 56.9%
About 92 miles down the road from Dubuque is the city of Waterloo, Iowa. The city has seen the heat index rise to extreme levels, triggering the media to issue heat warnings and suggest
ways to avoid heat stroke. Iowa is the leading producer of corn in the U.S., and its corn fields have something to do with the humidity levels in its eastern cities. The amount of moisture corn releases into the atmosphere coupled with the southerly winds from the Gulf of Mexico are what make Iowa so humid. Part of Black Hawk County, Iowa’s Waterloo is home to the ever-popular Iowa Irish Fest.
#16. Grand Forks, North Dakota
- Average relative humidity: 73.1%
- Morning average: 76.8%
- Afternoon average: 58.2%
Located in the Red River Valley, Grand Forks, North Dakota, is a trade and agricultural center that sits along the border of Minnesota. With each snowmelt comes the North Plains’ usual wet cycle. This has been contributing to more
frequent floods in recent years. The warmer temperatures, wetter conditions, and climate-related factors like urbanization have caused the moisture in the air to stay put. Excess moisture has increased the relative humidity of this North Dakotan city.
#13. Eugene, Oregon
- Average relative humidity: 73.5%
- Morning average: 79.4%
- Afternoon average: 56.4%
The causes of humidity differ depending on whether a city is located on the West or East Coast. Nestled in the greenery of the Willamette Valley, Eugene sits on the Willamette River in the coastal state of Oregon. The West Coast can be less humid than the Eastern Seaboard, and Eugene benefits from the cooling effect of the Pacific Ocean. As far as West Coast cities go, Eugene has been able to avoid the intense weather patterns that have impacted other cities as a result of the climate crisis. However, this could change with more frequent excessive heat warnings. With rising temperatures of up to 105 F in the summer months, climate change in Oregon has had fatal consequences.
#12. Rochester, Minnesota
- Average relative humidity: 73.8%
- Morning average: 76.9%
- Afternoon average: 59.3%
An hour and a half down the road from Minneapolis, the city of Rochester sits in the south of Minnesota. With a humid climate, the residents of Rochester feel the intense impact of its cold winters and hot summers. Rochester has begun to see
the effects of climate change in significant ways. The rise in temperature has led to an increase in air vapor. While that doesn’t seem dire, when the effects of climate change beyond the Minnesota border start to spill into the state, it can become problematic. The increase in the number of wildfires that have torn through the country in recent years have undoubtedly impacted conditions in southeast Minnesota.
#11. Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Average relative humidity: 73.8%
- Morning average: 82.2%
- Afternoon average: 54.1%
More humid than its eastern counterparts in Florida, Louisiana’s geography has a bearing on its humidity levels. With light summer winds and sky-high humidity, Louisiana has the most oppressive heat, according to
a 2018 Forbes report. Baton Rouge, Louisiana, has had to face the effects of a warming planet head-on in recent years. Floods, intense rainfall, and seasonal humidity have all contributed to the city’s extreme weather conditions. French for “the red stick city,” Baton Rouge is the state capital, and this southern city is home to Louisiana State University and boasts views of the winding Mississippi River.
- Average relative humidity: 74.1%
- Morning average: 82.6%
- Afternoon average: 54.2%
Surviving the devastating effects of Hurricane Harvey in 2017, followed by a flash-freeze in February 2021, Texans have experienced some of the country’s most intense weather events. The effects of climate change continue to play out in a variety of destructive ways. With efforts to combat the heat and
official heat advisories, Houston is taking measures to protect its people from the health consequences of rising relative humidity. Houston is quite literally an energy capital. This Texan city is the U.S. headquarters for the energy sector and employs a significant number of employees in oil and gas.
#9. Victoria, Texas
- Average relative humidity: 74.6%
- Morning average: 83.1%
- Afternoon average: 54.6%
Between Houston and San Antonio, Texas, by the shores of the Gulf of Mexico, the city of Victoria is seated along the Guadalupe River. Moisture surging up from the Gulf is the primary
cause of high humidity levels in the region. This Texan city has seen heat indexes skyrocket to triple digits in June 2021. The Guadalupe River is also a source of moisture, and causes moderate flooding. The planet’s rising temperatures have clearly had an effect on this city’s humidity levels in measurable ways.
#8. New Orleans
- Average relative humidity: 74.6%
- Morning average: 80.2%
- Afternoon average: 57.5%
In 2005, Hurricane Katrina wreaked havoc on the city of New Orleans and its livelihood. Climate change has caused nighttime temperatures in the summer to
rise at alarming rates, even faster than daytime highs. Prolonged heat waves led to a relative humidity that won’t let up. With only 50% of the city above sea level, it is consistently left vulnerable to the negative effects of heat and extreme weather conditions. The site of annual Mardi Gras celebrations and the birthplace of jazz, New Orleans is the largest city in Louisiana.
#7. Brownsville, Texas
- Average relative humidity: 74.8%
- Morning average: 82.8%
- Afternoon average: 55.4%
While Death Valley, Las Vegas, and Phoenix make it into the “triple-digit club” exceeding temperatures of 100 F each year, the heat is dryer than the vapor-heavy humidity in the Southern states like Texas and Louisiana. The moisture may keep the heat in the double digits, but the “feels like” temperatures tend to send the heat index over 100 F on more than one occasion in the warmer months. Brownsville is situated in South Texas along the border of Mexico, right on the western Gulf Coast. The highest
triple-digit temperatures it recorded were 12 days in 2019.
#6. Corpus Christi, Texas
- Average relative humidity: 75.2%
- Morning average: 82.3%
- Afternoon average: 56.5%
Its position along the shores of Texas directly exposes Corpus Christi to tropical moisture pouring in from the Gulf of Mexico. The heat index of relative humidity combined with hot temperatures drove
Corpus Christi’s heat index to 108 F in July 2021. Media outlets warned gardeners and people working outdoors to hydrate and take frequent breaks from the sun. The frequency of floods has been a direct result of climate change. While weather conditions continue to ravage the coast, Corpus Christi continues to sink.
#5. Olympia, Washington
- Average relative humidity: 75.9%
- Morning average: 81.4%
- Afternoon average: 58.8%
A city in the Pacific Northwest, Olympia is flanked by lakes and forests in the state of Washington. The capital of Puget Sound, Olympia is not accustomed to the humid heat waves that most commonly blaze through the Southern and Eastern Seaboard during the summer months. However, in recent years,
the West Coast’s destructive wildfires have caused evacuations, power outages, and poor air quality. This has signalled a change in the climate of the region. Early in the summer of 2021, the city announced an extreme heat watch when triple-digit, record-breaking temperatures were expected. Evening temperatures failed to drop enough to cool the city down, driving up humidity with no end in sight.
#4. Lake Charles, Louisiana
- Average relative humidity: 76.0%
- Morning average: 83.2%
- Afternoon average: 57.0%
Louisiana’s subtropical climate is enough to send heat waves coursing through the state on any given day in the summer months. Combined with the stream of warm southern winds from the Gulf of Mexico, though, the humidity can hit the roof. Tourism in coastal cities like Lake Charles extends to
fishing and other outdoor activities. In cities like this one, the effects of climate change go beyond the obvious dangers of flooding and storms. Warmer summers can make it nearly impossible to remain outdoors, while the rising temperatures can lead to fish kills or harmful algae blooms, according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
#3. Galveston, Texas
- Average relative humidity: 76.2%
- Morning average: 76.5%
- Afternoon average: 64.2%
Galveston is an island city off the coast of Texas that has seen the devastating effects of intense weather patterns. It is the site of the
Great Galveston Storm, which tore through the coast in September 1900 and is still considered the worst hurricane in U.S. history. Island cities do tend to benefit from more moderate “maritime” temperatures compared to cities farther away from the coast. Galveston experiences high humidity in the summer months with relief in the form of thunderstorms. The island city continues to undergo a transformation due to man-made activities and natural forces, says The Center for Texas Beaches and Shores.
#2. Port Arthur, Texas
- Average relative humidity: 76.6%
- Morning average: 83.4%
- Afternoon average: 58%
effects of climate change have caused an exodus from Port Arthur, a coastal city in Texas that has seen frequent storms, severe floods, and coastal erosion in recent years. These climate refugees fear that if they remain, their homes will be exposed to future environmental damage. In July 2021, the heat index hit 108 F, and a heat advisory was issued for this city. Its position on the coast, and the effects of Sabine Lake to the southeast of the city core, contribute to the humidity Port Arthur experiences all year long.
#1. San Francisco
- Average relative humidity: 77.8%
- Morning average: 80.4%
- Afternoon average: 63.2%
Topping the list of the most humid cities in America is San Francisco. This coastal city in California is as humid as it gets. The iconic hovering clouds across its skyline don’t happen by accident. An excess of humidity can cause
fog in the Bay Area as heat levels rise in the summer months. While the climate in San Francisco is typically muggy, with moisture slipping in from the Pacific Ocean, climate change has aggravated these conditions. Coastal flooding and the rise of sea levels pose a threat to shoreline cities like San Francisco, home of Silicon Valley and the Golden Gate Bridge.
This story originally appeared on Duradry and was produced and distributed in partnership with Stacker Studio.
#18. Dubuque, Iowa
- Average relative humidity: 72.8%
- Morning average: 76.4%
- Afternoon average: 58%
Dubuque, Iowa, sits on the eastern edge of the state of Iowa, where extreme weather conditions have become common. The river city has seen a
tornado warning or two, and thunderstorms can generate humid air masses offering little respite from the heat in the summer months. Dubuque is situated by the Iowa-Wisconsin border along the banks of the Mississippi River. Half an hour down the road, in tiny Dyersville, cinephiles and baseball enthusiasts flock to the corn fields that were the backdrop of Kevin Costner’s “Field of Dreams.”
#14 (tie). Daytona Beach, Florida
- Average relative humidity: 73.3%
- Morning average: 80%
- Afternoon average: 55.3%
In the winter months, temperatures in Daytona Beach, Florida, hover around 70 F. Temperatures spike up to around 90 F in the summer months. It has been known to
break heat records, placing it among the most humid cities in the country. Lauded for its sprawling sands, Daytona Beach is home to the World’s Most Famous Beach. This coastal city became a mecca for racing enthusiasts when NASCAR’s Daytona 500 picked up speed in the 1950s.
#14 (tie). Jackson, Mississippi
- Average relative humidity: 73.3%
- Morning average: 82.7%
- Afternoon average: 52.6%
In the interior of Mississippi, Jackson sits by the Ross Barnett Reservoir. The region is familiar with extreme weather conditions like floods and damaging thunderstorms, which occur year round, according to the National Weather Service. Summers in Mississippi come part and parcel with the heat. It’s when extreme heat kicks in that cities like Jackson see spikes in humidity levels. With deadly heat warnings, local media urge residents to
find ways to avoid heat-related illnesses and keep hydrated.
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Lightning is an atmospheric discharge of electricity accompanied by thunder which typically occurs during a thunderstorm. Volcanic activity can also cause lightning. Lightning and thunder happen because of electrostatic discharge between the cloud up there and the ground down below.
Well, lightning causes thunder. Lightning is a discharge of electricity. A single stroke of lightning can heat the air around it to 30,000°C (54,000°F)!
Scientists are still trying to work out exactly how lightning forms, but we know it has something to do with the interactions between positive and negatively charged ions A Flash of Lightning. A few extra items to look into are: lightning phenomena, a clap of thunder, or it’s still a bit of a mystery.
This begs the question “Is Thunder a cause or an effect of lightning?”
Thunder starts as a shockwave from the explosively expanding lightning channel when a large current causes rapid heating. However, it is possible that you might see lightning and not hear the thunder because it was too far away. Thunder is caused by lightning.
Here’s every weapon in Apex Legends Season 11 ranked: Triple Take, r-301rampage, flatline C. A. RVolt, r-99wingman, longbow, prowler, and more items.
No, it is not possible to have lightning without thunder, according to NOAA. Thunder is a direct result of lightning. Thunder is a direct result of lightning. If you see lightning but don’t hear thunder, it is because the thunder is too far away.
Heat lightning, also known as silent lightning, summer lightning, or dry lightning (mainly used in the American Southwest; not to be confused with dry thunderstorms, which are also often called dry lightning), is a misnomer used for the faint flashes of lightning on the horizon or other.
What are the effects of getting struck by lightning?
Direct strike: People can be directly struck by lightning, which is usually fatal. Contact injury: Lightning strikes an object, like a car or metal pole, that someone is touching. Side flash: Lightning bounces off a nearby object, like a tree, onto the victim., and more items.
You should be thinking “What are the dangers of lightning?”
“Lightning Down: A World War II Story of Survival, ” by Tom Writes Clavin, “He was still only twenty-two years old.” Surely, Joe Moser knew the danger of what he was doing, but he chose not to dwell on it. He went out every day and did his.
What comes first, thunder, lightning, or rain?
The fast-moving air caused by lightning creates thunder. Rain occurs when moisture in the air collects/condenses. The total mass of each droplet increases to a point where air currents can no longer keep them suspended so they fall to the ground. Between lightning and thunder, lightning comes first, then thunder.


A warm winter weather system is currently impacting western Wyoming with the Tetons, Continental Divide, Snake River, and Yellowstone ranges receiving up to 8″ of snow above 8,500′ by Sunday morning reports NOAA.
The storm, which came in warm, is expected to leave cold with snow levels dropping to 6,500′ by Sunday evening. Powderchasers should look to Monday/Tuesday for possible turns on the higher elevations of the Tetons and Continental Divide.
“Precipitation will spread south into western Wyoming late Friday afternoon and become heavy at times with over an inch of rain expected in some areas, along with high elevation snow.” – NWS Riverton
Forecasted Storm Totals
Grand Teton Summit – 22″
Rendezvous Bowl – 12″
Togwotee Pass – 12″
Mount Glory – 6″
Grand Targhee – 6″
NOAA Winter Weather Advisory
…WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 6 PM THIS EVENING TO NOON MDT SATURDAY…
* TIMING…SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASING SNOWFALL WILL BEGIN THIS EVENING AND CONTINUE THROUGH SATURDAY MORNING. SNOW LEVELS WILL GENERALLY BEGIN ABOVE 10500 FEET LATE THIS AFTERNOON…FALLING TO AROUND 8000 FEET THROUGH THE OVERNIGHT PERIOD. BEST ACCUMULATING SNOW OCCUR ABOVE 8500 FEET. THE SNOW WILL TAPER OFF QUICKLY BY NOON ON SATURDAY.
* TOTAL SNOWFALL AMOUNTS…4 TO 8 INCHES ABOVE 8500 FEET.
* WIND AND VISIBILITY…SOUTHWEST WIND 10 TO PERHAPS 20 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 25 MPH AT THE HIGHER ELEVATIONS. VISIBILITY WILL BE REDUCED TO UNDER ONE MILE OCCASIONALLY.
* IMPACTS…HUNTERS AND OTHER OUTDOOR ENTHUSIASTS SHOULD BE PREPARED FOR WET SNOW AND COLD TEMPERATURES. HIGH ELEVATION ROADS…INCLUDING TETON AND TOGWOTEE PASSES…WILL BE SNOW OR SLUSH COVERED TONIGHT.


The energy gain by the air stream is then given by
Using the equation for the heat removal factor given by Eq. (3.58), Eq. (3.75) gives
Since S = (Ta)Gt, Eq. (3.76) is essentially the same as Eq. (3.60).
Estimate the outlet air temperature and efficiency of the collector shown in Figure 3.30 for the following collector specifications:
Total insolation, Gt = 890 W/m2
Emissivity of absorber plate, ep = 0.92.
Emissivity of back plate, eb = 0.92. Mass flow rate of air = 0.06 kg/s. Inlet air temperature, T = 50°C = 323 K.
Here we need to start by assuming values for Tp and Tb. To save time, the correct values are selected; but in an actual situation, the solution needs to be found by iteration. The values assumed are Tp = 340 K and Tb = 334 K (these need to be within 10 K). From these two temperatures, the mean air temperature can be determined from
from which t = l(Tp + Tb)(T¡ + T2) = 3|(340 + 334)(3402 + 3342) = 33?R
The radiation heat transfer coefficient from the absorber to the back plate is given by h r, p-g2
From Tm, ^ the following properties of air can be obtained from Appendix 5:
^ = 2.051 X 10^5 kg/m-s k = 0.029 W/m-K cp = 1008J/kg-K
From fluid mechanics the hydraulic diameter of the air channel is given by D _ 41 Flow cross-sectional area
The Reynolds number is given by pVD _ mD 0.06 X 0.03
Therefore, the flow is turbulent, for which the following equation applies: Nu = 0.0158(Re)08. Since Nu = (hcD)/k, the convection heat transfer coefficient is given by h = h
0.0158(4875.5)08 = 13.625WIm2-K
The absorbed solar radiation is
323 + 351K
0.06 X 1007
Therefore, the average air temperature is ^(351 + 323) = 337 K, which is the same as the value assumed before. If there is a difference in the two mean values, an iteration is required. This kind of problem requires just one iteration to find the correct solution by using the assumed values, which give the new mean temperature.
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Editor's note: Take a look back into The Dallas Morning News archives.
Texans are no strangers to the ravages of hurricane season. These powerful storms have been hitting the Texas coast for generations, searing names like Harvey and Rita into our memories. One particularly devastating hurricane, however, is known to history only by the name "the Great Galveston Hurricane."
On Sept. 8, 1900, the powerful storm made landfall in Galveston. Residents had long feared the severe damage a strong hurricane could bring and petitioned for a seawall around the city. Dr. Isaac Cline, Galveston's chief meteorologist, wrote in The Galveston Daily News that a seawall was unnecessary, as "it would be impossible for any cyclone to create a storm wave which could materially injure the city."
Dr. Cline was tragically wrong. On that horrifying day in early September, Cline's wife and unborn child numbered among the thousands of people who perished as the storm wiped out most of the island.
The headlines in the gallery below detail the horrors of the storm and its aftermath, when "horror-stricken and dazed citizens [knew] not which way to turn in their affliction."


Monsoon Weather Update: Heavy rains in Kerala, IMD issues red alert in Kannur, Kasaragod: The monsoon is declared to have arrived at a place when a large area receives frequent and widespread rain. Calcutta might have been receiving frequent rain over the past few days but it was pre-monsoon rain, a weather scientist said. The showers on Tuesday had shown the first signs of a shift from thunderstorms to sustained rainfall that the monsoon is associated with. Tuesday’s rainfall was accompanied by lightning but there were no gusts of wind, typical of squalls and thunderstorms of April and May.
- Kannur and Kasaragod may experience extremely heavy rains on Tuesday
- IMD has issued orange alert for Kozhikode, Malappuram and Wayanad
- Administration has declared a holiday for schools in Kannur, Kasargod and Malappuram
According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD) scientists, there is a 43% deficiency in monsoon rainfall all over the country as of Monday. They further added, while this is partly because the monsoon arrived after a delay of seven days, on June 8, severe cyclonic storm Vayu that started developing on June 11 disturbed the monsoon flow and affected its normal advancement.
Monsoon is expected to advance further up north as Cyclone Vayu loses intensity paving the way for the wind system to move towards the Arabian Sea, the weatherman said on Sunday. By now, monsoon should have reached central India, including parts of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, eastern Uttar Pradesh, and Gujarat, but it is yet to reach Maharashtra.
According to the India Meteorological Department, it still remains over Mangalore, Mysore, Cuddalore over the southern peninsula and Passighat, Agartala in the northeast. The western coast – from Maharashtra to Gujarat – has been receiving rainfall due to the cyclone. Only coastal Karnataka and Kerala have received rains due to monsoon.
Vayu is expected to cross the Gujarat coast on Monday evening as a depression. This will pave the way for monsoon winds to move up towards the Arabian Sea. Monsoon made an onset over Kerala on June 8, nearly a week after its usual onset date.
Devendra Pradhan, additional director general, IMD said, “The progress of monsoon was halted due to Cyclone Vayu. As its intensity decreases, we expect monsoon to progress in the next 2-3 days.”
Mahesh Palawat, vice-president (meteorology and climate change), Skymet, a private weather forecaster said, “This kind of delay is unusual. Monsoon onset is often delayed but after that, it progresses. This year there is a delay in both onset and stalling of monsoon. It’s a combined effect of El Nino and Vayu.”
In its monsoon bulletin, IMD said conditions are becoming favourable for further advance of the southwest monsoon to more parts of central Arabian Sea, Karnataka and remaining parts of Tamil Nadu. It is expected to cover more parts of central, north and south Bay, northeast India, north Bengal and Sikkim in 1-2 days.


"Colorado State University forecasters predicted the Atlantic hurricane season that began on Wednesday would be a busy one with 16 tropical storms and nine of those growing into hurricanes.
The CSU team predicted five of the storms would become 'major' hurricanes of Category 3 or stronger on the Saffir-Simpson intensity scale, with winds of 111 miles per hour or higher.
The forecast for the six-month hurricane season was unchanged from the CSU team's April forecast. But that would still be busier than an average season, which brings 11 storms, six hurricanes and two major hurricanes.
Sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic-Caribbean basin are warmer than normal and the El Nino oscillation had moved into a near-neutral phase, conditions that contribute to storm development, the forecasters said."
Jane Sutton reports for Reuters June 2, 2011.
"The Illustrated 2011 Hurricane Forecast" (Mother Jones)
"2011 Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlook" (NOAA)
"2011 Hurricane Names" (Huffington Post)


Rain developing by 5pm. The rain will mix with and change to snow by early evening. Cloudy and windy. Temperatures cooling into the low to middle 30s. Winds NNE at 20 to 25 mph. About one inch of snow through 8:30pm. Hourly Details
Snow this evening will give way to lingering snow showers late. Low 31F. Winds NNE at 10 to 20 mph. 3 to 5 inches of snow expected.


While on Thursday clouds will dominate, the sun is most likely on Friday. But thunderstorms are likely on Thursday. The daily high falls from 26 degrees on Wednesday to 20 degrees on Friday. On Friday a fresh wind from the north.
|Tu Oct 25||We Oct 26||Th Oct 27||Fr Oct 28|


Climate Corpus Christi – United States – Monthly averages – Corpus Christi weather averages. Average high temperature: 66.9F Average low temperature: 47.2F highest av. max temperature: 68.2F Lowest av. max temperature: 66.4F Highest av. min temperature: 48.2f lowest av. min temperature: 46.8f Highest max temperature: 102.0F Lowest max temperature: 82.0F Highest min temperature: 79.0F Lowest min temperature: 70.0F.
Past Weather in Corpus Christi, Texas, USA – Time and Date – Corpus Christi Temperature Yesterday. Maximum temperature yesterday: 90 F (at 11:51 am) Minimum temperature yesterday: 78 F (at 12:29 pm) Average temperature yesterday: 82 F. High & Low Weather Summary for the Past Weeks
Special Report: Cold Case Murder of Helen Kilgore – It was 1984 when a 13-year-old girl missing from Corpus Christi was found brutally murdered. there are new efforts underway right now to solve the cold case. "She would have been somebody in life..
What is the coldest month in Corpus Christi. – Corpus Christi’s coldest month is January when the average temperature overnight is 46.2F. In August, the warmest month, the average day time temperature rises to 93.4F. Corpus Christi has a subtropical climate with mild springs and autumns, warm winter weather and hot summers, making Corpus Christi the ideal holiday destination.
Report: Port of Corpus Christi to become top U.S. crude oil export hub – The Port of Corpus Christi is poised to eclipse the Port of Houston as the. basin crude oil per day to the south texas waterway within the next eight to 12 months..
Corpus Christi Weather in January – weather2visit.com – The climate in Corpus Christi during January can be summarized as mild and reasonably dry. January is in the winter in Corpus Christi and is typically the coldest month of the year. Daytime maximum temperatures average around 19C (65F), whilst at night 8C (46F) is normal.
Corpus Christi February Weather 2019 – AccuWeather Forecast. – Get Corpus Christi, TX 78401 typical February Weather including average and record temperatures from AccuWeather.com
Corpus Christi, Texas – Wikipedia – Corpus Christi (/ k r p s k r s t i /), colloquially Corpus (Latin: Body of Christ), is a coastal city in the South Texas region of the U.S. state of Texas.The county seat of Nueces County, it also extends into Aransas, Kleberg, and San Patricio counties. It is 130 miles southeast of San Antonio.Its political boundaries encompass Nueces Bay and Corpus Christi Bay.
What is the coldest month in Corpus Christi? | Nationalhomeplans – Corpus Christi’s coldest month is January when the average temperature overnight is 46.2F. In August, the warmest month, the average day time temperature rises to 93.4F. Corpus Christi has a subtropical climate with mild springs and autumns, warm winter weather and hot summers, making Corpus Christi the ideal holiday destination.
Climate & Weather Averages in Corpus Christi, Texas, USA – Annual Weather Averages Near Corpus Christi. Averages are for Corpus Christi International Airport, which is 7 miles from Corpus Christi. Based on weather reports collected during 1985-2015.


The monsoon season in India is a time of great change and upheaval. The weather changes from hot and dry to humid and wet, and the landscape transforms from barren to lush and green. The monsoon is also a time of great danger, as floods and cyclones can cause widespread damage and loss of life.
The monsoon season in India is caused by the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The ITCZ is a band of low pressure that lies near the equator. During the monsoon season, the ITCZ moves northwards, bringing with it moisture from the Indian Ocean. This moisture then falls as rain over India.
The monsoon season in India is typically from June to September. However, the timing of the monsoon can vary from year to year. Some years, the monsoon arrives early, while other years, it arrives late. This variation can have a significant impact on agriculture and water supply in India.
The monsoon is a vital part of the Indian climate. It provides much-needed rain for agriculture and helps to replenish water supplies. The monsoon also helps to moderate the climate, making summers cooler and winters warmer.
However, the monsoon can also be a destructive force. Floods and cyclones can cause widespread damage and loss of life. In recent years, the monsoon has become more erratic, making it more difficult to predict and prepare for.
Despite the risks, the monsoon is a time of great beauty and wonder. The lush green countryside, the crashing waterfalls, and the refreshing rain are all a part of the magic of the monsoon season.


WEEKLY SOUTH CAROLINA WEATHER 2011
August 22, 2011 - August 28, 2011
The Clemson Airport, Sandy Springs, McCormick and Aiken each reported a Monday high temperature of 99 degrees. An eastward-moving frontal boundary passed through the state during the early evening hours and produced hailstones measuring 1.75 inches in diameter near Goose Creek. On Tuesday morning, Ft. Moultrie had received one of the heaviest rainfall totals with 3.00 inches. Chesnee cooled to 57 degrees. Mostly sunny weather was observed for inland South Carolina on Wednesday. At around 3:00 p.m. on Thursday, clouds within the outflow boundary of Hurricane Irene, located well offshore of southeast Florida, were entering South Carolina's Lowcountry. At 6:06 p.m., the surf water temperature at Springmaid Pier reached its highest of the season at 86.9 degrees. Showers began rotating into Cape Romain on Friday morning. At 8:00 a.m., Hurricane Irene was still a distant 315 miles south-southeast of Myrtle Beach. At 11:00 a.m., the Charleston City peninsula reported northeast winds of 30 mph, gusting to 48 mph. Winds at Folly Beach gusted to 55 mph. Breaking waves, estimated at 10 feet, produced beachfront property overwash at Edisto Beach, Fripp Island and Folly Beach. The Charleston Harbor tide gage measured an observed peak high water of 7.64 feet which was 1.73 feet above the predicted value. Further up the coast, the events highest windspeed was measured at Springmaid Pier with a gust from the north-northeast of 62 mph at 5:12 p.m. Although Hurricane Irene passed approximately 150 miles to the east of Myrtle Beach, a minimum barometric pressure value of 29.22 inches of mercury was recorded at the N Myrtle Beach Airport on August 27 at 4:00 a.m. The core of heavy rainfall was limited to the north coastal counties. The Crabtree Swamp gage, near Conway, measured 2.79 inches. The state's Saturday high temperature was 98 degrees at the Clemson and Columbia Hamilton-Owens airports. Sunny, dry conditions and middle to upper 90-degree heat ended the week. The state average temperature for the seven-day period was four degrees above normal.
The highest official temperature reported was 100 degrees at Johnston on August 22. The lowest official temperature reported was 55 degrees at Table Rock on August 27. The heaviest official 24-hour rainfall reported was 3.20 inches at Dillon ending at 7:00 a.m. on August 22. The state average rainfall for the period was 0.2 inches.
Weekly Jan 1 Departure
Total Total from Avg
Greer 0.00 28.74 -3.4
Anderson 0.06 22.72 -6.5
Columbia 0.00 27.54 -4.0
Orangeburg 0.00 27.92 -4.9
Charlotte, NC 0.00 29.18 1.0
Augusta, GA 0.01 23.52 -7.0
Florence 0.50 21.42 -8.6
N Myrtle Beach 3.79 23.64 -11.0
Charleston 1.49 29.40 -5.5
Savannah, GA 0.07 26.07 -7.7
Weekly rainfall totals ending midnight Sunday.
4-inch depth soil temperature: Columbia 83 degrees, Charleston 84 degrees.
RIVERS AND SURF:
South Carolina river stages were below normal. Ocean water temperatures at Springmaid Pier Myrtle Beach were reported at 83 degrees.


TALLAHASSEE, FL (WTXL) -- Expect a chilly start to Wednesday and Thanksgiving Day, with morning temperatures in the upper 30s to lower 40s. Most spots won't even warm to the 50s until generally the 9 or 10:00 hour. Afternoon highs will warm to the lower and mid 60s under mostly clear skies.
With a front starting to push in from the west on Friday, moisture will start moving in ahead of it. Expect morning lows to be in the 50s with highs approaching 70 degrees. Isolated showers and storms are possible with an approaching front, with 30% coverage anticipated for the afternoon and evening. The brunt of the rain will likely hold on until overnight on Friday.
The wet weather may continue into Saturday morning as the front continues to push through the region. The rain may linger into the early afternoon, though there is still some uncertainty there. Depending on how fast the front moves out, rain could start to clear out as early as noon. Expect lows near 60 degrees with highs near 70 degrees under mostly cloudy skies.
On Sunday a new frontal system will approach from the west, though only a few showers are possible at this time (20-30% coverage). Morning lows are forecast to be in the 50s with highs in the lower 70s.
The daily tropics check is quiet. No active tropical cyclone exists in the Atlantic Ocean. No tropical cyclone is expected to develop in the next five days across the entire basin.
Remember, the official end of Hurricane Season is November 20th. While storms can still form outside of the boundary of Hurricane Season, the chances for formation are much lower.


Aug 28 (Reuters) - The center of Hurricane Isaac is nearing
the coast of southeast Louisiana and is forecast to reach the
coastline during the next few hours, the U.S. National Hurricane
Center said in its latest bulletin on Tuesday.
"Some slight strengthening is possible before Isaac makes
landfall. Gradual weakening is expected after landfall occurs,"
the Miami-based center said.


Montreal weather: Bright and cold
A brief look at the weather forecast along with the morning traffic situation, a #thismtl picture and a daily quote
There is some welcome sunshine in the forecast today.
Environment Canada is calling for mainly sunny conditions with a high of minus 4. The wind chill is forecast to be minus 18 in the morning and minus 9 in the afternoon.
Quote of the day
The pace at which people are taking to digital technology defies our stereotypes of age, education, language and income. — Narendra Modi


I want to first talk about Monday night. A small but potent storm system will race past the area and bring us rain generally from 7 PM Monday until 7 AM Tuesday. As colder air wraps into the backside of the storm, we could see a very brief mix of wet snow. As you can see from the maps below, temperatures will stay well above freezing, so all flakes (if any) will quickly melt on impact.
Now to the more complicated part of the forecast. Yesterday I talked about how the computer forecasts were in fairly good agreement on the track and timing of Thursday's storm system. The only wild card was the strength of the system. Well, it is looking like the computers are slowly trending to a solution: a weak storm. I've posted below snow outlooks from three different computer forecasts. None of them have a significant snowfall in our area.
We still have to watch this carefully. That patch of dark blue in North Carolina and southern Virginia represents about 1 to 3" of snow. If this storm shifts a little north, then we could have some light accumulations in central Virginia. This could cause problems for the morning commute on Friday. I encourage you to keep a close eye to the forecast through the week for the very latest information.
Now the discussion for all the weather geeks...
So you are probably asking yourself: why are storms falling apart in recent weeks? I think two factors are in play: La Nina and NAO. La Nina years are typically dry and mild. This wasn't the case earlier this winter because we had a persistent -NAO. NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) is now positive, which I think is allowing La Nina to finally take over our weather pattern.
The map below is the overall upper-level weather pattern across the entire Northern Hemisphere (link: http://www.meteo.psu.edu/~gadomski/HEMI500/5dayloop.html). Notice the blue blob over Greenland and the Hudson Bay. This is an upper-level trough, or cold anomaly. In a -NAO pattern, it would be the opposite, a powerful ridge or blocking pattern. This allows storm systems to track up the East Coast, like what we saw earlier in the winter. We are not in this pattern any more.
Now, can we see snow in a +NAO, La Nina pattern? Yes, it's happened before. However, unfortunately for all you snow lovers out there, the odds are stacked up against you.


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An atmospheric scientist looks at the relationships between Earth's atmosphere and the other systems it effects. The study of atmospheric sciences includes a number of subdisciplines, including aeronomy, climatology and meteorology.
Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe.
A Master of Science or MSc is a postgraduate degree typically in the fields of sciences and social sciences. MSc may be course-based, research-based, or a mixture of the two.
- Natural Sciences
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In the next few days, some sunny spells. Especailly on Saturday the weather is fine. A raincoat is needless this day. It's getting warmer - the temperature rises from 24 degrees on Thursday to 29 degrees on Saturday.
|Th Sep 29||Fr Sep 30||Sa Oct 01||Su Oct 02|


Widely scattered thunderstorms developing around 3pm. Cloudy with temperatures steady or falling to near 56F. Winds S at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 30%. Hourly Details
Scattered showers and thunderstorms. High 58F. Winds S at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 50%.
Partly to mostly cloudy skies with scattered thunderstorms during the evening. Low around 40F. Winds NW at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 60%.


Rain on and off through the week
Good Monday. We should continue with another warm and humid day with highs in the upper 80s and low 90s. We may see a few stray showers or storms popping up late this afternoon into this evening. The rain chance today is only 20%.
Tuesday and Wednesday we will have a trough of low pressure moving through. We will see the heaviest rainfall to our east, but we should get some on and off showers with mostly cloudy skies both days. Highs will be in the low to mid-80s.
Another low will develop along that trough and bring us pretty good coverage of rain and a few storms Thursday. The high will reach only 83.
Some scattered showers and storms are likely on and off through the weekend.
For the latest, download the WRCB weather app. David Karnes
- 8am... Partly Cloudy, 72
- Noon... Partly Cloudy, 85
- 5pm... Isolated Shower?, 91


EPA Proposes First Carbon Standards for Power Plants
On March 27, 2012 the U.S. EPA proposed the first air emissions standards for “carbon pollution” under the Clean Air Act. These are the first New Source Performance Standard (NSPS) emissions standards issued by the EPA for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from stationary sources. The EPA contends that these NSPS rules are required under the Clean Air Act based on the Supreme Court ruling in 2007 that GHG emissions constitute air pollution, and the subsequent EPA “endangerment finding” for GHGs in 2009, resulting in regulation of GHGs under the Clean Air Act. The proposed emissions standards limit carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions from new electric utility power plants to 1,000 pounds of CO2e per megawatt-hour of electricity produced (1,000 lb/MWH) for new power plants with electric generation capacities greater than 25 MW.
The proposed standards can be met by natural gas-fired power plants that employ the most efficient “combined cycle” configuration. However, because CO2 emissions from coal and oil combustion are significantly higher than from natural gas combustion (about 80% and 40% higher, respectively), coal-fired and oil-fired power plants will not be able to meet the proposed standard without the use of CO2 add-on pollution controls.
Unlike other air pollution control systems, capturing CO2 emissions from a power plant is a huge undertaking because of the magnitude of the CO2 emissions compared to conventional pollutants like PM, NOx, or SO2. For every ton of carbon burned (fossil fuels are primarily carbon), more than three tons of CO2 are produced by oxidation of the carbon with air. Capturing the CO2 is extremely energy intensive and can be expected to lower the overall electric generation efficiency of a coal power plant by 8-12% due to the electric needs to operate a scrubber system. Once the CO2 is captured it needs to be compressed and piped to an underground location where it can be geologically “sequestered” without the risk of releasing CO2. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has only been used commercially in the oil and gas industry as a means of extracting oil and gas from older wells. There are no US coal power plants using CCS other than a pilot system piping CO2 to Canada oil-fields where there are some concerns about CO2 seeping back out of the ground. CCS also involves significant legal liabilities associated with injection of CO2 underground and the difficulty of obtaining permits for underground injection in many locations. In recognition of these technical/economic challenges, EPA is proposing a 30-year compliance period for new power plants.
The proposed carbon standards are significant because industry is concerned they will set precedent for future EPA GHG emission rulemaking. In addition, the proposed standards are based on achievable GHG emission levels for one type of fuel (i.e., natural gas) and are being imposed on power plants that combust other fuels (e.g., coal). As such, the rule appears to favor one fuel over another and may in effect mandate fuel switching, which is contrary to past EPA precedent and the commonly accepted notion that the Clean Air Act does not authorize the EPA to redefine source categories or to mandate fuel switching. Consequently, legal challenges to the proposed EPA rule are almost a certainty.
The current very low price of natural gas (gas is less expensive than coal on a $/Btu basis as of April 2012 for the first time ever), that has been driven in part by the large new supply of shale gas to the US market, has resulted in the announced closure of over one hundred US coal power plants (108 closures announced as of 5/3/12) for economic reasons. Recent environmental regulations promulgated by the EPA, including the Utility Mercury and Air Toxic Standard (MATS) and the 1-Hour SO2 NAAQS standard, are also contributing to the nation’s move from coal electric generation to gas and nuclear electric generation and the increased use of renewables like wind, solar, and hydro.
For more information on the EPA proposed carbon standards and other GHG regulations including the federal Part 98 GHG reporting rule and the Tailoring Rule, contact Liberty Environmental at 610-375-9301.


There are no active alerts at this time.
Cloudy and damp with rain in the morning...then becoming partly cloudy. Much colder. Morning high of 44F with temps falling to near 35. Winds NNW at 15 to 25 mph. Chance of rain 100%.
Clear skies. Cold. Low 23F. Winds N at 10 to 20 mph.
Mainly sunny. High 47F. Winds E at 5 to 10 mph.


Tuesday Afternoon Very hot conditions will persist across the area this afternoon with temperatures staying around 96 degrees. Dew points are in the mid 60’s which is making it feel a tad sticky out there, with heat index readings near 100. This is not as oppressive as we have seen at times this summer, but […]
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Temperatures could hit 90 degrees around Baltimore for the first time this year on Saturday.
Hot and humid air moved in Thursday, pushing highs into the 80s the past two days. Forecasters say Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport could hit 90 degrees Saturday afternoon.
"'Hot' will be the operative word for Saturday as high pressure moves off the southeast coast and pumps warm air into the Mid Atlantic," National Weather Service forecasters wrote. "Heat indices will be in the low/mid 90s in the I-95 corridor, nowhere near heat advisory levels but notable for April."
Baltimore typically doesn't experience 90-degree heat until May, though the heat comes earlier sometimes — record highs are in the lower 90s on most dates in April.
The hottest readings at the airport so far this year are 87 degrees, on the 11th and 16th of this month. The last time BWI hit 90 was Sept. 23.
The heat could stir some "summerlike" storms Saturday afternoon, forecasters said. Storms are also possible Sunday afternoon, though highs are only expected in the upper 70s then.
A cold front is forecast to end the hot spell on Monday and bring stronger chances for storms Monday afternoon and evening.


PITTSBURGH — Bitter cold temperatures and downright frigid wind chills will be in place Friday night into Saturday morning.
Enjoy some sunshine Saturday and a break in the bitter temperatures. Highs will climb above freezing and wind chills won’t be as bad, making it the pick of the weekend.
If you want to receive alerts about weather, download our Severe Weather Team 11 app.
A messy system will move in around sunrise Sunday, impacting the area with a mix of snow showers and the threat of a wintry mix through Monday. Snow showers will come in waves which should give crews time to catch up as they treat roads, but icy spots will still be possible.
A period of snow should fall through early afternoon Sunday with a wintry mix of freezing rain and rain possible from I-70 south. A second wave of snow will develop late Sunday and early Monday leaving untreated roads snow covered and icy for the Monday morning commute.
Snow totals will vary based on the eventual track and timing of this system but a general 3-to-5 inches of snow is expected through Monday. The details of this storm are still coming into focus and the forecast will change. Our entire team of meteorologists will be working through the weekend to bring you the latest updates and impacts. Check the Severe Weather Team 11 forecast often before heading out.
Cox Media Group


Sri Lanka’s fishermen in the Northern and Eastern seas have been asked to come ashore as 100 kilometres per hour wind are expected from a cyclonic storm developing in the Bay of Bengal.
“Naval and fishing communities are warned not to venture to the sea areas extending from Puttalam to Pottuvil via Mannar, Kankasanthurai, Trincomalee and Batticaloa,” Sri Lanka’s Meteorological Department said in a red alert.
“Those who are out at aforementioned sea regions are advised to return to coasts or moved safer areas immediately.
“Naval and fishing communities are request to be vigilant during the activities in the sea areas extending from Puttalam to Matara via Colombo and further requested to be attentive about future advisories issued by the Department of Meteorology.”
A depression over the Southwest Bay of Bengal about 325 kilometres north east of Trincomallee was likely to intensify into a cyclonic storm over the next 24 hours and move towards the Tamil Nadu coast, becoming a severe cyclonic storm.
The weather system is likely to generate 80 – 100 kmph winds over the Eastern and Northern deep and shallow seas over on November 24.
Very strong gusty winds over 60 – 70 kmph are expected over the Eastern, Northern and Northeastern areas. Rains over 100 to 150 millimetres could be expected on November 24.
People living in Eastern, Northern and North-Central provinces were also requested to be vigilant and await further reports.


Today will be almost as hot as yesterday with sunny skies, but a cool-down is within sight.
Right now the North State is trapped in between a high-pressure system to the East and a low-pressure system to the West. This is keeping our temperatures steady for today. As we go into tomorrow the high moves off and a disturbance moves through our area. This will bring decreasing temperatures, cloudier skies and the chance for thundrstorms in the mountains with a stary storm or two possible in the Valley as well. Thursday, the cloud cover will stick around but the rain chances leave the Valley. Storms could still be seen in the mountains, however, fire danger will be elevaed due to the risk of lightning-ignited fires. Due to all the cloud cover, high temperatures in the Valley will be down in the mid-to-low 90s on Wendesday and Thursday.
Once we go into Friday the disturbance leaves our area, but temperatures hold steady despite increased sunshine.
By Saturday a deeper, stronger disturbance approaches our area which will be bringing some cloud cover yet again and further decreasing our high temperatures in the upper-to-mid 80s. This will last through the weekend and cooler temperatures could still be seen at the beginning of next work week.


ESTIMATIONS OF CARBON FOOTPRINT FROM ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION DURING COVID-19 LOCKDOWN AND PRE-LOCKDOWN IN BUTUAN CITY
Keywords: Carbon Footprint, Carbon dioxide emission, electricity consumption, COVID-19 lockdown & pre-lockdown period, Geographic Information System (GIS), spatial distribution
Abstract. The electricity consumption for commercial, residential, and industrial sectors is considered the primary cause of increasing carbon dioxide emissions. To calculate the carbon footprint, the researcher used Carbon Footprint Ltd. This study aims to quantify the carbon footprint associated with the consumption of electricity by sectors (residential, commercial, industrial, public buildings, and streetlights) in Butuan City during the pre-lockdown period (January and February), and then compare these with the carbon footprint calculated during the lockdown period (March and April 2020). A GIS-based approach was applied to generate the spatial distribution across the 86 barangays of Butuan City. The study findings that the carbon footprint in the lockdown period is ∼ −17% lower than the mean carbon footprint calculated for the pre-lockdown period. In absolute values, the total estimated carbon footprint during the pre-lockdown and lockdown period was ∼ 10,947 mtCo2e and ∼ 9,138 mtCo2e, respectively. Furthermore, the findings imply that the central and northern areas have the highest impact of savings on average ∼ 130 mtCo2e of greenhouse gas avoided by barangays. This research provides quantitative insight to understand the measured generated in lockdown and pre-lockdown periods.


As if in glorious harmony with President Obama's renewed interest in climate change, a couple of articles have appeared selling the "AGW leads to weather extremes" story.
At The Conversation, the Australian website for activist academics, there is an article by Harry Blutstein of the School of Global Studies, Social Science and Planning at RMIT University.
Hurricane Sandy may or may not be a direct result of climate change, but what is certain is that the incidence of extreme climate events is increasing.
Such events are predicted by climate models, according to the IPCC, which has warned that “a changing climate leads to changes in the frequency, intensity, spatial extent, duration, and timing of extreme weather and climate events, and can result in unprecedented extreme weather and climate events”.
I think the claim that extreme climate events are increasing is not one that is supported by the evidence. The article goes on report on that rather dodgy Munich Re report on extremes that appeared at the back end of last year.
Meanwhile the New York Times is in full fire-and brimstone mode:
More than a 2-degree increase should be unimaginable. Yet to stop at 2 degrees, global emissions have to peak in 2016. The Carbon Tracker organization has examined fossil-fuel investments around the world (including 1,200 new coal plants) and determined that they would lead to a 6-degree world. A recent World Bank report indicates the bank cannot fulfill its development mission in a 4-degree world. Given what we know about planetary biology, 2 degrees seems nightmarish as it is.
Anyone would think they had something to sell.


A good start to the day.
13th April 2015
It was dry and cold through the night, then by mid afternoon the wind increased and became Southerly. The freezing slowly rose through the day and rain started later in the afternoon. It looks like it going to get very through Tuesday and avalanche activity is likely!
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Ten Facts about Climate Change
Don't Want You to Know
1. Climate has always changed, and always will. The assumption that prior to the industrial revolution the Earth had a "stable" climate is simply wrong. The only sensible thing to do about climate change is to prepare for it.
2. Accurate temperature measurements made from weather balloons and satellites after about 1970 show at most minor atmospheric warming since then. In contrast, averaged ground-based thermometers record a warming of about 0.40 C over the same time period. Many scientists believe that the thermometer record is biased by the Urban Heat Island effect.
3. Despite the expenditure of more than US$40 billion dollars on climate research since 1990, no unambiguous anthropogenic (human) signal has been identified in the global temperature pattern.
4. Without the greenhouse effect, the average surface temperature on Earth would be -180 C rather than the equable +150 C that has nurtured the development of life.
Carbon dioxide is a minor greenhouse gas, responsible for ~3.6% of the total greenhouse effect, of which only a miniscule 0.12% can be attributed to human activity. (Water, at ~95% of the effect, is by far the most important component in the atmosphere; what was that about hydrogen-powered cars?)
5. On both annual (1 year) and geological (up to 100,000 year) time scales, changes in temperature PRECEDE changes in carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide therefore cannot be the primary forcing agent for temperature increase (though increasing carbon dioxide does cause a mild positive temperature feedback).
6. The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has been the main scaremonger for the global warming lobby, leading to the Kyoto Protocol. Fatally, the IPCC is a political, not scientific, body.
Hendrik Tennekes, recently retired as Director of Research at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, says that "the IPCC review process is fatally flawed" and that "the IPCC wilfully ignores the paradigm shift created by the foremost meteorologist of the twentieth century, Edward Lorenz".
7. The Kyoto Protocol will cost up to 100 trillion dollars, will have a devastating effect on the economies of those countries that have signed it, but will deliver no significant cooling (less than .020 C by 2050).
The Russian Academy of Sciences says that Kyoto has no scientific basis; Andre Illarianov, senior advisor to Russian president Putin, calls Kyoto-ism "one of the most aggressive, intrusive, destructive ideologies since the collapse of communism and fascism". If Kyoto is a "first step", it is in the wrong direction.
8. Climate change is a non-linear (chaotic) process, some parts of which are only dimly or not at all understood. No deterministic computer model will ever be able to make an accurate prediction of climate 100 years into the future.
9. Not surprisingly, therefore, experts in computer modelling agree also that no current (or likely near-future) climate model will be able to make accurate predictions of regional climate change. Australian State Premiers please take note.
10. The biggest untruth about human global warming is the assertion that nearly all scientists agree that it is occurring, and at a dangerous rate.
The reality is that almost every aspect of climate science is the subject of vigorous debate. And thousands of qualified scientists worldwide have signed declarations which (i) query the evidence for human-caused warming and (ii) support a rational scientific (not emotional) approach to its study.


At 5 a.m. Environment Canada issued a special weather statement for:
- Wawa – Pukaskwa Park
- White River – Dubreuilville
- Marathon – Schreiber
- Manitouwadge – Hornepayne
There is a potential for heavy snowfall on Tuesday for areas northeast of Lake Superior. Snow is expected to intensify later tonight or early Tuesday morning and persist for much of the day. Snowfall accumulations may exceed 15 cm by Tuesday evening, particularly for areas closer to Lake Superior.
For Wawa, temperatures may briefly rise above the freezing mark. As a result, snowfall accumulations there may be slightly less than areas farther west as the snow may change to rain for a few hours before changing back to snow.


To know or not to know, that is the question! Well, wouldn’t you prefer to know?
Hamlet, an ever curious hamster, is on a quest to learn new and interesting facts about the world around us. With a new subject each time, Hamlet explores intriguing facts that you may not have heard before. He’s bored of the same old facts about the same old things. You may feel like you already know everything there is to know about everything, but there’s a whole world out there for you to explore and unknown facts you may not already know! Why not shake things up with Hamlet’s curiosity and great sense of humour? Take this fun fact loaded adventure with him!
12 Interesting Facts about Hurricanes!
1. Hurricanes, typhoons and tropical cyclones are all names for the same phenomenon. They’re just called by different names in different ocean basins.
2. Hurricanes are named based on a list created by the World Meteorological Organization, used on a six year rotation.
3. If a storm is particularly destructive or deadly, the WMO will “retire” that name from official lists so it’s never used again out of respect for the families of the storm’s victims and survivors.
4. The first hurricane that caused people to fly in it, occurred in 1943 during World War II.
5. Hurricane Hunters fly planes into hurricanes to gather weather data.
6. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale defines hurricane strength by categories. A Category 1 storm is the weakest hurricane with winds having speed between 74 and 95 miles per hour; while a Category 5 hurricane is the strongest with winds greater than 155 miles per hour.
7. Hurricanes that move slowly are likely to produce more rains causing more damage by flooding, than fast moving hurricanes.
8. The eye of the hurricane is a section at the center of the hurricane which has the calmest weather with clear skies and low winds.
9. The eye is surrounded by an eyewall which is the deadliest part of the hurricane. It is a towering ring of thunderstroms, high wind speed and severe weather.
10. Planet Jupiter has a hurricane which appears as a red dot on it and it has been spinning for 300 years. This hurricane is bigger than Earth itself.
11. Hurricanes need the Coriolis Force to form – which is very weak at the Equator. This is why hurricanes can not form near Equator.
12. The deadliest hurricane on record is the 1970 Bhola Cyclone in Bangladesh, which killed between 150,000 to 300,000 people.


Does the Amount of Air Pressure In a Volleyball Effect
How Far It Goes When Hit?
Does the amount of air pressure in a volleyball effect how far it goes when hit? Air pressure pushes against objects. People measure air pressure differently. Volleyballs can be affected by air pressure. Volleyballs are made of many different materials. This research suggests, the more air in a volleyball, the farther it will go..
Air pressure is the push that air has against objects that it touches. Nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and oxygen all make up air. These gases have little molecules that are always moving. The molecules press against the surface of objects, creating pressure. This pressure has a volume and weight and takes up space. Air pressure can be affected by temperature and is greater by the amount of air held.
Air pressure can be measured in many ways. Pressure gauges are tools that measure air pressure. Air pressure is measured by psi (pounds per square inch) in the US. Pascal, Newton, Bar and Millibar are also measurements of air pressure. 15 psi is…show more content… Air pressure affects how a ball bounces and how they move through the air. Volleyballs go farther when they have more air. Volleyballs should be inflated between 4 to 6 pounds of pressure. Volleyballs that aren't filled completely will take more energy bouncing into shape, making them not go as far. Inflating volleyballs too much can make the seams split. Putting more air in a volleyball squeezes the air inside, raising the pressure. Volleyballs not used can lose air. The amount of air pressure changes when air escapes a volleyball. Volleyballs keep their round shape from the air pressure. Volleyballs are kept inflated by the air molecules moving around inside. Different amounts of pressure in volleyballs are allowed in practice because air pressure can change in the temperature. When volleyball's are hot, air molecules move faster, making air pressure


Night to remember
THE BIG Wren's night wind of 2013 will be spoken about for many years to come in West Kerry after violent storm force 11 winds battered the Dingle Peninsula.
Accustomed as the west is to bad weather - even well-weathered locals were in awe of the force of nature as the storm began to gather force through the afternoon. As darkness fell high tides and powerful gusts saw even the large trawlers tied up at Dingle Pier bobbing around like dinghies. Indeed the wind was so strong that the rain appeared to be falling sideways.
The true force of the storm was felt at approximately 3am in the morning when the sound of almost deafening wind woke some local people who ventured outside to see and hear the full force of nature.
"It was unreal," said local singer and musician Muireann Nic Amhlaoibh of Dún Chaoin. "At around 3am it was just wind and no rain so Bill [my husband] and I got up and stood out in the garden for a few minutes. It was like a jumbo jet was flying over our heads. The roar was deafening!"
West Kerry was generally lucky in terms of power outages as the night progressed but some areas, including Ballyferriter, were left without electricity the following morning. This was soon restored.
A couple of caravans in the Wine Strand area were blown over and the strong winds knocked a tree in the Burnham area which was cleared the following morning. Damage to sheds and overhead canopies was also reported.


Associated with this southerly airflow is cold air – especially in the upper atmosphere, which brings some instability with it.
It’s looking like showers for the east of the South Island, though these ease in the afternoon, then clear in the evening for the most part, along with cold southerlies.
Showers about Canterbury may be heavy in the morning with a chance of hail and thunderstorms on parts of the coast, then easing.
Otago and Southland see morning showers clear, and sunny areas develop, while winds blow from the south and then ease.
Sunny areas dominate on the West Coast along with southwesterly winds, while there’s the chance of an isolated shower about Buller later afternoon or evening.
For the North Island it’s a fairly wet day, but it all comes down to timing, showers for most regions could become heavy with possible thunderstorms and hail in the morning for parts of the lower North Island, before the upper North Island later in the afternoon and evening.
Auckland and Northland mainly see garden variety showers during the day, though Auckland may see a heavy shower or two pass through overnight.
– Aaron Wilkinson & Drew Chappell, WeatherWatch.co.nz


Policy and goals
The 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development highlighted the need to regulate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions which have a direct impact on climate change. Under the ground-breaking Kyoto Protocol, signatory countries are required to reduce their combined GHG emissions by 5.2% from 1990 levels between 2008 and 2012.
Samsung Electronics recognizes that governments as well as companies have responsibilities to address the global challenges posed by climate change. Samsung Electronics supports global mandatory cuts of greenhouse gas emissions of at least 50% by 2050 (from 1990 levels) and mandatory domestic cuts by industrialized countries (Annex I countries of Kyoto Protocol) of at least 30% as a group by 2020. The company also calls for global greenhouse gas emissions to peak by 2015.
To control and reduce greenhouse gas emissions effectively, the company is building a GHG inventory for its business activities. This includes Scope 1 and 2 (direct emissions and electricity purchases from global business operations and production sites), as well as Scope 3 emissions which are other indirect emissions from product use, product transport, suppliers and employees business travel.
For Scope 1 and 2, the company manages and reports the GHG inventory for all global business operations and production sites with the third party verification. Also, the GHG inventory was developed for Scope 3 emissions, and the company annually collects and disclose Scope 3 emission data.
Goals to reduce GHG emissions
Samsung plans to reduce its GHG emissions intensity normalized by sales (metric tonnes of CO2 per KRW 100 million) by 50% until 2013 based on the level of 2008. Also, the company plans to reduce the GHG emissions by 24% compared to BAU (business as usual) by 2015 to meet the Korean government's mid-term GHG reduction target and policy.
The reduction target covers all production sites in Korea only, since this represents almost 90% of global GHG emissions in the company.


A cold front is bringing fiercely cold temperatures to the UK this week, with forecasters warning of a stark change to the mercury. Met Office warnings are in place over the next few days, and this weekend is on course to be cold and unsettled. An area of low pressure is tracking across the country today, with the potential for the UK to see some wintry weather.
Maps have turned blue with the cold, with WXCharts data showing plunging temperatures across the weekend and into next week.
Met Office Chief meteorologist Dan Suri said: “It’ll certainly feel more wintry this week, with colder weather bringing a risk of frost, ice and wintry showers.”
Temperature maps show conditions of -8C overnight tonight in Scotland, with the south of England seeing up to 7C.
A low-pressure system could bring a mixture of snow, sleet, rain and hail – but when exactly will it snow across Britain?
Read More: Met Office weather warning updated: 7 inches of snow to fall – maps
When will snow fall across Britain?
Met Office snow and ice warnings are in place across parts of the UK today with more snow warnings in place on Friday.
The forecasters are predicting a staggering 7.8 inches (20cm) by Friday.
Thursday’s warning is for Central, Tayside and Fife, Highlands and Eilean Siar, Southwest Scotland, Lothian Borders and Strathclyde.
Cautioning of Snow showers and icy stretches this warning is in place until 12pm today.
Mr Suri said: “The risk of snow accumulating is largely confined to the northern half of the UK – mainly over higher ground in Scotland, Wales and northern England.
“By Thursday morning parts of northwest Scotland could see 2cm of snow accumulations to low levels, with 2-5cm above 200m and up to 10cm gathering over the highest routes, leading to some travel disruption.”
The Met Office warns: “Frequent showers will increasingly turn to snow Wednesday night and persist into Thursday morning though these likely to fall as sleet and hail at times, mainly around coasts.
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“Northwest Scotland looks most exposed to these showers with 2cm of snow accumulating by Thursday morning in places even to low levels.
“Larger accumulations are expected at higher elevations with 2 to 5cm above 200 m and up to 10 cm over some of the highest routes.
“Whilst the Southern Uplands is likely to see some snow over higher ground the likelihood is that only very small accumulations are expected here below 200 m.”
On Friday, warnings for snow are in place for Central, Tayside and Fife, Grampian, Highlands and Eilean Siar, Southwest Scotland, Lothian Borders and Strathclyde.
This is in place from 3am on Friday until 12pm the same day.
The forecasters warn of snow arriving from the east overnight on Thursday, before “briefly” settling over areas as low as 100m above sea level.
However, this could increase “at higher levels” with “perhaps as much as 5.9 to 7.8 inches (15 to 20cm) above 400 m, significantly affecting higher transport routes for a time before it turns to rain.”
Weather maps from both Netweather and WXCharts show the potential for snowfall elsewhere too.
Met Office deputy chief meteorologist, Dan Harris said: “We’re keeping an eye on other areas where there is potential for disruptive snow – in particular central and south-east England and the hills of northern England.
“It’ll stay cold into the weekend with rain, showers and hill snow continuing across many areas, along with overnight frosts.
“We could also see some stubborn areas of freezing fog develop more widely, which at this time of year can persist all day.
Netweather charts show much of the UK and Ireland covered with medium to heavy snow over the next few days.
According to Netweather, Friday is the day which shows the most snow, with maps predicting snowfall across the North of England, Midlands, Wales and Scotland as well as parts of southern England.
Source: Read Full Article


Torrential rains and tropical-storm-force winds lashed central Florida’s east coast early Wednesday morning as a weakened Category 2 Hurricane Dorian moved north toward the eastern seaboard, according to forecasts.
The 105 mph winds extend up to 175 miles from the eye of the storm, the National Hurricane Center reported.
Dorian is heading north northeast at about eight miles an hour nearly parallel to the coast about 100 miles east of Daytona Beach, according to WESH-TV.
“A tornado or two are possible near the immediate east coast of Florida during the next several hours,” a 2 a.m. update from the National Hurricane Center said.
Officials urged over two million people in Florida, Georgia and North and South Carolina to evacuate. Dorian is expected to come close to making landfall in Georgia and South Carolina on Thursday or Friday and could reach North Carolina and southeastern Virginia by the end of the week.
Severe flooding is expected to occur even if the storm doesn’t make landfall.
The storm left more than 1,600 customers without power in Brevard County and Cocoa Beach Wednesday morning.
Dorian’s death toll rose to seven Tuesday after the hurricane battered the Bahamas for two days.
Prime Minister Hubert Minnis said the Category 5 Dorian was the worst hurricane to ever hit the Bahamas.
Around 45 percent of homes in Abaco and Grand Bahama were believed to be damaged or destroyed when the areas were pounded by 185 mph winds. The Grand Bahama Airport was under six feet of water Tuesday.
Fox News’ Louis Casiano contributed to this report.
Os textos, informações e opiniões publicados neste espaço são de total responsabilidade do(a) autor(a). Logo, não correspondem, necessariamente, ao ponto de vista do Central da Pauta.


At least 10 people have died in Syangja district in Nepal due to landslide after incessant rainfall.
"We have recovered ten bodies out of which nine are from the same family. One person who sustained injuries has been sent to the hospital," Chief District Officer Ganga Bahadur Chettri told ANI in a telephonic conversation.
Various parts of Nepal have witnessed extended monsoon rainfall since Monday, which is expected to continue till Saturday.
Nepal's meteorological and weather department has issued alerts for various districts about possible landslides and flash flooding due to the rainfall. (ANI)


Delta Junction July 2013
In July, Delta Junction had a monthly temperature of 62.1°F, 1.9°F higher than the long term normal. The coldest temperature recorded this month was 46°F on the 6th. A nice 85°F was the highest temperature for the month, occurring on the 28th. This was a new daily record, breaking the previous record of 83°F from1953 and 1919.
Precipitation was a mere 57% of normal, with just 1.54" recorded, 1.14" below the normal of 2.68".


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Average temperature: Average daily (24h) temperature per month. Furthermore, unstable weather patterns affect plans for Industry, Energy Generation, and Transport throughout the region. The climate here is classified as Cwa by the Köppen-Geiger system. When to visit Malawi? The site interpolates data using weather stations that are within close proximity to your inquiry. The general height of the land gives Zambia a more pleasant climate than that experienced in most tropical countries. Source: Climates to Travel. In winter, there is much less rainfall in Ndola than in summer. Check Samoaâs latest weather forecast. Zambia has a tropical and tropical steppe climate with three distinct seasons. Zambia; Zimbabwe °Celsius °Fahrenheit. It is measured by assessing the patterns of variation in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological variables in a given region over long periods of time. There are three seasons â cool and dry from May to August, hot and dry from September to November, and warm and wet from December to April. Get the latest coronavirus (COVID-19) updates for Zambia with current travel advice, statistics and online resources.. Below are average maximum temperatures at popular destinations in Zambia in January. The climate of Zambia in Central and Southern Africa is definitely tropical modified by altitude (elevation).In the Köppen climate classification, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical wet and dry, with small patches of semi-arid steppe climate in the south-west.. The nights are nice and cool and the days are cooler than in the rest of the year. Harare, Zimbabwe: Annual Weather Averages November is the hottest month in Harare with an average temperature of 22°C (72°F) and the coldest is July at 13°C (55°F) with â¦ Weather and climate affect many aspects of life in Southern Africa. Zambia LET'S EXPLORE The land of the legendary African walking safari, Victoria Falls, the wild Zambezi River,abundant wildlife,and raw wilderness,all in one friendly country. Access hourly, 10 day and 15 day forecasts along with up to the minute reports and videos from AccuWeather.com CLIMATE. In Ndola, the climate is warm and temperate. February : the rainfall is still comparatively high. Malawi is a fantastic place to visit throughout the year, depending on what you want to see and do and what climate you prefer should influence when you visit, but no matter when you visit you are guaranteed to have an amazing experience. Weather Forecast. Precipitation in Zambia averaged 81.46 mm from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 319.06 mm in December of 1962 and a record low of 0 mm in July of 1943. Zimbabwe climate â Weather follows a similar pattern to Zambia, but perhaps with a slightly shorter rainy season. With a staggering 300 days of sunshine each year, Namibia is a year-round destination, although some may prefer to avoid the heat of high summer. As much of the region relies on subsistence Agriculture for their income, accurate predictions of weather patterns are instrumental to many peopleâs livelihoods. Generally the figures highlight October is when its the hottest period and July is the coldest period of the year. Get the monthly weather forecast for Chobe, Northern, Zambia, including daily high/low, historical averages, to help you plan ahead. Simply click wherever you want on the map to access it. The Annual Yearly Climate of Kabwe, Zambia, Africa with Monthly and Yearly High and Low temperatures, Rainfall & Sunshine Averages. Climate is the statistics of weather, usually over a 30-year interval. Weather and climate Best time to visit. Zanzibar climate â Slightly different weather pattern from Mozambique's climate. Precipitation in Zambia increased to 164.83 mm in December from 91.33 mm in November of 2015. Global Weather and Climate data - from current weather and hourly forecast, detailed daily and 10-day forecast to long range monthly outlook of temperature, humidity, rainfall, snowfall, daylight, sunshine, UV index, and sea temperature for locations worldwide. Weather.com brings you the most accurate monthly weather forecast for with average/record and high/low temperatures, precipitation and more. From mid-April to August it is dry in Zambia. Todays weather forecast, by the hour and long term. January : the peak of the wet season; itâs the wettest month of the year. Rain in the Namib Desert in the record rainy season of 2010/2011. Even if it is still fine with an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius(77 degrees Fahrenheit). Zambia climate â Slightly different to Mozambique's weather pattern, with more clearly defined rains. However, the northwestern highlands are consistently cool, while the central plateau remains dry and arid all year round. And you can expect temperature highs of 32°C. See the forecast as a table or graph. Generally speaking, the weather is tropical, particularly on the coast, where heat and humidity prevail. Select a destination to see more weather parameters. Current weather in Lusaka and forecast for today, tomorrow, and next 14 days Lusaka Average Yearly Weather . ... Lusaka, Zambia Monthly Weather. Zambia is divided into three major agro-ecological regions (Regions I , II and III), which are primarily based on rainfall amount but also incorporate soils and other climatic characteristics. Average weather in Lusaka is 28 degress through the year but it can and does change. Although it is still humid with very warm evenings, the number of rain showers reduces and the amount of sunshine increases to a very respectable average of 8 hours a day. The stations are shown on the following map. Livingstone, Zambia - Travel and vacation weather averages, current conditions and forecasts. ... Zambia, Botswana and South Africa. Blessed with awe-inspiring natural wonders, an abundance of wildlife, huge water bodies and vast open spaces, Zambia offers unforgettable holidays exploring the real Africa. Weather is "what we get" because it's how the atmosphere is behaving now or will behave in the short-term (in the hours and days ahead). Namibia's yearly weather cycle. Semi-arid Region I includes areas of southern, eastern and western Zambia: Zambiaâ¦ 7-Day Safari (Including Serengeti) & Zanzibar Extension. The Gambia Weather in October. Chingola, Zambia Yearly Monthly Climate Weather Averages. These losses reach as high as US$7.1 billion under Zambiaâs worst rainfall scenario. #3 Zambia #4 Kenya #5 South Africa #6 Namibia #7 Uganda #8 Zimbabwe; Popular Safari Tours. Weather Atlas: Weather forecast and Climate information for cities all over the Globe. Zambia weather in January 2021. Situated just south of the equator, Tanzania is a vast country with a variable climate that depends heavily on the elevation and geography of your chosen destination. Culture, Language & Religion . Temperature chart displays the maximum, minimum and average temperature from 2008 on month by month basis. Please also visit Chingola Historical Weather, Weather widget and Weather Charts pages. Gaborone The capital, Gaborone, is located in the south-east, a short distance from the border with South Africa, and at 1,000 meters (3,300 feet) above sea level like most of the country.From October to March, the maximum temperatures are around 30 °C (86 °F) or slightly above, but moisture is higher from December to March, at the height of the rainy season. The Zambia Meteorology Department is key in climate risk management and providing weather and climate information, and is working in partnership with different agencies to ensure delivery of effective weather and climate services, however, the climate change policy and institutional framework does not prioritise meteorology. Zimbabwe climate â Similar pattern to Mozambique's weather, but with a shorter, clearer rainy season. There are many online weather sites where you can check Samoaâs weather, however, as itâs difficult to predict the weather in tropical areas, forecasts should not be taken as set in stone.


In 2020, the Clean Air Strategic Alliance (CASA) formed an ad hoc group to explore how anticipated COVID-19-related trends in emissions due to reduced transportation could inform future air quality management policy. Members noted that CASA is an ideal forum to both gather interested parties to explore this issue and share the findings with Albertans to improve air quality management and stewardship.
The discussions of the ad hoc group resulted in a statement of opportunity related to messaging on vehicle emissions and air quality. Subsequently, a working group scoped terms of reference for this project idea and a project team was later established in 2021 to execute set tasks. The project team’s terms of reference and final documents can be found at the bottom of this page.
The goal of this project was to collaboratively develop messaging that links changes in air quality associated with measures undertaken to reduce the spread of COVID-19. The messaging would aim to generate provincial awareness of the impacts that reductions in motor vehicle transportation can have on air quality, and how individuals, governments, businesses, and other Albertans can act to improve air quality.
The project objectives were as follows:
- Summarize existing information on Alberta’s ambient air quality and traffic counts before and during the implementation of measures taken to reduce the spread of COVID-19.
- Link observed air quality changes associated with measures taken to reduce the spread of COVID-19 to outcomes that are relatable to Albertans.
- Write a project final report including performance measures and recommendations.
- Develop a plan for communicating the work of the project team on transportation reductions due to COVID-19 and the impacts on air quality.
Terms of Reference
For more information about this work, contact Project Manager Alec Carrigy at firstname.lastname@example.org.


The participation of different vegetation types within the physical climate system is investigated using a coupled atmosphere-biosphere model, CCM3-IBIS. We analyze the effects that six different vegetation biomes (tropical, boreal, and temperate forests, savanna, grassland and steppe, and shrubland/tundra) have on the climate through their role in modulating the biophysical exchanges of energy, water, and momentum between the land-surface and the atmosphere. Using CCM3-IBIS we completely remove the vegetation cover of a particular biome and compare it to a control simulation where the biome is present, thereby isolating the climatic effects of each biome. Results from the tropical and boreal forest removal simulations are in agreement with previous studies while the other simulations provide new evidence as to their contribution in forcing the climate. Removal of the temperate forest vegetation exhibits behavior characteristic of both the tropical and boreal simulations with cooling during winter and spring due to an increase in the surface albedo and warming during the summer caused by a reduction in latent cooling. Removal of the savanna vegetation exhibits behavior much like the tropical forest simulation while removal of the grassland and steppe vegetation has the largest effect over the central United States with warming and drying of the atmosphere in summer. The largest climatic effect of shrubland and tundra vegetation removal occurs in DJF in Australia and central Siberia and is due to reduced latent cooling and enhanced cold air advection, respectively. Our results show that removal of the boreal forest yields the largest temperature signal globally when either including or excluding the areas of forest removal. Globally, precipitation is most affected by removal of the savanna vegetation when including the areas of vegetation removal, while removal of the tropical forest most influences the global precipitation excluding the areas of vegetation removal.