STATE COLLEGE, Pa., March 15 (UPI) -- U.S. weather patterns have indicated a more promising growing season in the Midwest and Northeast this year than in 2012, AccuWeather meteorologists said.
"The weather pattern over much of the nation this March is vastly different than last March and will translate to a move favorable environment during the growing season ... in most areas," senior meteorologist Alex Sosnowski wrote.
Sosnowski said improvements would be especially pronounced in the grain-growing areas of the Midwest and fruit-growing areas of the Northeast.
In an AccuWeather breakdown of the spring forecast, Sosnowski wrote there would be exceptions to a national trend of increased moisture. Dry weather could still be a problem for farmers in California, Florida and Rocky Mountain states, the report said.
"Less-than-average snowfall this winter in the central and southern Rockies and normal to abnormal dryness this summer could result in reduced water levels on the Colorado River," said Jim Andrews, also a senior meteorologist.
A shortage of snow could also affect California this year.
What may have been dismal weather for some people in the winter months, could translate to a better crop season for many farmers because snowstorms raised water levels in some areas.
"Storms in recent months have delivered near-normal snowfall from major crop-growing areas of the lower Plains through the Midwest and in parts of the Northwest," Sosnowski wrote.


Showers and scattered thunderstorms. Storms should gradually end by the overnight hours. Cloudy with temperatures reaching the mid 50s. Winds S at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 60%. Hourly Details
Cloudy with a few showers. Low 56F. Winds S at 10 to 20 mph. Chance of rain 40%.


Expect a mix of sun and clouds in the days to come. Especailly on Monday sunny periods increase. An umbrella won't be needed today. It's getting colder: Up to Monday the temperature will drop slowly to -9 degrees.
|Su Nov 23||Mo Nov 24||Tu Nov 25||We Nov 26|
|Nearby Forecast Locations - Galich||Distance|


The main forecast challenge for this go-around will be the temps. Namely, how low do actual air temps go tonight and how low are wind chills on Wednesday morning?
We should see mostly clear skies overnight, with temps falling into the single digits. Given how cold we were this morning, it’s very possible we could have temps near zero by morning. What will keep us from truly bottoming out will be the stiff north winds, which are expected to continue through the night. Wind chills by morning are expected to run in the -13 to -18 degree range, so try to limit your time outdoors as much as possible, and dress in layers to preserve your body heat if you must go outside.
Despite sunny skies for most of the day Wednesday, temps will stay cold, with highs struggling to get to 20 degrees. North winds will persist, running in the 12-18 mph range with higher gusts. Wind chills will modify from the -13 to -18 range in the morning, to near 10 by afternoon.
Our next forecast challenge comes in the Wednesday night & Thursday timeframe, and that has to deal with a light snow chance. Right now, the GFS continues to be the most bullish model with snow chances, everyone else is on the light side. The forecast is trending toward this being a light event and right now, we’re not seeing much to change our thinking. At most, the area sees 1-1.5″ of snow by the end of the day Thursday. Lows Wednesday night, with increasing clouds, will be in the mid-single digits. Highs Thursday, upper teens to near 20.
Skies will clear out Thursday night, with lows once again near 5. A warming trend starts Friday, with highs getting to near 30. We’ll break above freezing Saturday, and warm up from there next week.


Thirty-five counties in Minnesota have been declared disaster areas after receiving between three and six inches of rain on Thursday. The Minneapolis/St. Paul area had already seen 20.2 inches of precipitation since the beginning of the year before the latest rainfall. That's almost twice the 11.77 inches it usually gets by this point in June. There have been four 1-in-1,000-year floods since 2004, according to the Minnesota Climate Office. The Midwest in general has been hard hit, with more than 1,000 homes damaged by flooding.


you can eat fried green tomatoes! I always ripen tomatoes on my windowsill.
check out the weather forecast 'severe weather alert' online. There's a storm approaching the coast - looks very big. Looks like the whole state. Expecting high tides, 60 mph winds at the coast, heavy rain, temps at night something like 42-48 here.
we have a few days before it gets over here I'll bet.


Volume 5 - Volume 5
STUDY OF PREDICTION AND FORECAST OF AVERAGE DAILY TEMPERATURE OF THE CITY OF CARIACICA, ESPIRITO SANTO, BRAZIL, USING THE METHOD OF TIME SERIES
The study of time series consists in extracting relevant periodicities in the observations, describe your behavior and make prediction. In this context, this work has the aimed to model, as well as to realize study of prediction and forecasting of the daily average temperature time series from Cariacica municipality/ES. The statistic analyze was realized in R 2.15.1 software (free software) considering 365 data monitored from January 1th to December 31th, 2012. The choice of the most appropriate model is based on the Akaike information criteria (AIC). The models tested for modeling and for forecasting showed accurate results. Among the adjusted models, the most appropriate was ARIMA (1,1,2) to prediction and forecasting daily average temperature prediction in Cariacica/ES.
PaperID: p 1881-1895
Author's Name: Wanderson de Paula Pinto, Gemael Barbosa Lima and Juliano Brás Zanetti
Volume: Volume 5
Issues: Volume 5
Keywords: Time series; ARIMA; daily mean air temperature.


Your daily weather forecast for London.
Overview for Thursday 23 September 2021:
Early cloud and patchy mist and fog soon thinning to leave a dry day with plenty of warm sunshine. Maximum temperature 22 °C.
Special weather advisories:
Sunny intervals changing to cloudy by lunchtime.
UVB sunburn index:
UK Weather Warnings:
Flood alerts in force for England.
Chance of precipitation:
Weather data provided by the Met Office. For a detailed forecast of your area, click here.


Good Morning! At Smithville, MS, the current temperature is 38 and it feels like 38. Highs will continue to range between 52 and 71 with lows between 33 and 52. There is a slight chance of rain today and tomorrow. There is a 50% chance of showers on Friday. At the Regional Rehab Center in Tupelo, MS, the current temperature is 38 and it feels like 38. Todays high is 53 and a low of 35 with a slight chance of rain. Thursdays high is 48 with a slight chance of rain.
Now, for your Winter/Severe Weather Update for the Southeast Region. There could be winter weather potential on February 2nd. There could be severe weather potential possibly around January 28th-30th, February 1st-2nd, February 5th-6th, and on February 7th.
Hope yall are having a great Wednesday and I'll have another post tomorrow morning.


Record March temperature set at 21.2C in St Helier
Jersey enjoyed its highest temperature recorded in March on Saturday, according to the island's Met Office.
The 21.2C (70.2F) temperature, recorded in St Helier, beat the record of 21.1C (70F), which was set on 29 March 1965.
A Met Office spokeswoman said Saturday was expected to be the warmest day and it was unlikely it would be broken again this month.
The previous record for 24 March was set in 1896, when it temperatures reached 17.8C (64F).
Temperatures were first recorded in Jersey in 1894.


Science / Weather / Sunset: The daily disappearance of the sun below the western horizon as a result of the earth's rotation. In the United States, it is considered as that instant when the upper edge of the sun just disappears below the sea level horizon. In Great Britain, the center of the sun's disk is used instead. Time of sunset is calculated for mean sea level.
Science / Weather / Twilight: Often called dusk, it is the evening period of waning light from the time of sunset to dark. The time of increasing light in the morning is called dawn. Twilight ends in the evening or begins in the m MORE


RI to get rain, with some snow mixed in
A storm will move through the region today, but it should bring mostly rain to Rhode Island despite temperatures that plummeted overnight.
"A frontal system brings a period of accumulating wet snow to the high terrain locations in western and central Massachusetts and northern Connecticut this afternoon into early evening. All rain is expected elsewhere," the National Weather Service says in its forecast discussion.
For Providence, there's a chance of rain before 2 p.m., then snow is likely for between 2 and 3 p.m. before the precipitation changes back to rain. The high should reach about 41 degrees.
After five days in a row of below-normal temperatures, the next four days should be close the normal high for this time of year, which is about 42 degrees.
Tuesday looks partly sunny with a high near 42.
On Twitter: @jgregoryperry


New research confirms that temperatures in the lower atmosphere are not behaving as climate models have projected—and are warming far less than expected.
Universally, climate models that are run with increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases produce some degree of warming at the earth’ surface, but even more warming above the surface, especially in the layer from 5,000 to 30,000 feet. Models project this warming aloft to be especially strong in the tropical half of the planet (less so for a very small region around the poles). Actual observations of temperature trends in the lower atmosphere, however, don’t confirm these model results, instead showing that warming trends in general decline with altitude.
Why is this important? The atmosphere is an integrated whole, and temperatures aloft are an important determinant of temperatures at the surface. If the models have this wrong upstairs, but right for the area near the surface, they’ve been pretty lucky, or, some might say, pretty “adjusted.”
This discrepancy in models vs. observations forms the crux of one of the major arguments against over-dependence on models for projections of future climate conditions—if the models can’t accurately portray the present, they cannot be relied upon to predict the future.
The hypothesis that the models are still getting it wrong is strongly supported by the new results from a research effort led by David Douglass of the University of Rochester and published in a pair of articles in Geophysical Research Letters (appearing online on July 9, 2004). Two scientists involved in this effort include Paul Knappenberger and Patrick Michaels, familiar to readers of these alerts.
In their first paper, Douglass and colleagues compared the temperature trends from the surface upwards through the lower atmosphere as projected by three state-of-the-art climate models with several different sets of actual temperature observations made at various heights in the atmosphere. The three climate models (Hadley CM3, DOE PCM, and GISS SI2000) were each run with the historic values of a combination of natural (solar variability, volcanic eruptions) and anthropogenic (greenhouse gases, aerosols) climate forcing agents. The results for the past two decades (the period of greatest anthropogenic influences) were compared against observations made during the same time. The observations consist of sets of radiosonde data (collected from instruments attached to weather balloons as they ascend through the atmosphere) as well as temperature data collected by satellites.
Douglass found that while the modeled and observed trends matched well at the surface, everywhere else there was considerable discrepancy with the observations, which in many cases indicated a cooling trend, where the models predicted warming to be occurring (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Modeled (dotted lines) and observed (solid lines) temperature trends (10-3K/decade) in the lower atmosphere during two recent decades in four different regions. While the modeled and observed trends match well at the surface, in nearly every case, the modeled trends above the surface are greater than the observed trend (source: Douglas et al., 2004a).
This represents clear evidence that climate models are failing to capture the actual workings of the atmosphere. Since weather systems derive their characteristics (size, strength, precipitation efficiency, etc.) largely from temperature contrasts in the atmosphere, models which fail to accurately portray observed trends there also fail to accurately portray observed weather patterns. This fact applies not only to current climate patterns, but also to the model projections of future ones.
In their second paper, the Douglas research team investigated whether these same set of observations could shed light on the hypothesis that the satellite measurements of temperature trends in the earth’s lower atmosphere are contaminated by temperature trends higher up in the stratosphere. Recently, Fu et al. (2004) suggested in a highly publicized paper in Nature magazine that the reason that satellite temperature measurements of the lower troposphere (as compiled by researchers at the University of Alabama-Huntsville, UAH) showed only about half the warming trend as observations collected at the earth’s surface during the past 25 years, was that in formulating the trends of the lower atmosphere, the UAH researchers failed to take into account a cooling influence from the stratosphere (the atmospheric layer just above the troposphere). Fu concluded that had the stratospheric data been properly handled, the temperature trends in the lower atmosphere would match the surface (and modeled) trends much more closely. We showed, in an earlier World Climate Reprto why this argument was not valid (see http://www.co2andclimate.org/wca/2004/wca_17a.html for details). Douglass adds more proof.
Two completely independent temperature measuring systems are employed to monitor temperature in the troposphere—direct observations made by thermometers carried aloft by weather balloons, and indirect observations made by satellite-borne instruments that record the temperature-dependent microwave emissions from oxygen molecules. These two datasets provide the ability to crosscheck the results against one another. When the temperature trend calculations are done thoroughly and carefully (best accounting for all known data quality issues), the results are remarkably similar—the observed warming in the lower troposphere is about half of that observed at the earth’s surface. As described in Douglass’s first paper, this result runs contrary to climate model projections.
But, the fact that temperature trends from weather-balloon data and from satellite data match well is not new news—we have highlighted this fact for years (e.g. http://www.co2andclimate.org/wca/2004/wca_15f.html). However, no one really knows why the lower atmospheric trends are different from the trends measured at the surface, or why the observed lower atmospheric trends differ from model projections. Fu’s suggestion that it results from unaccounted for stratospheric influences isn’t physically reasonable. Douglass’ work points to other possible causes.
Douglass’s team focused on surface temperatures derived from the balloon-based lower atmospheric observations of temperature and moisture. They then compared the derived surface temperatures with the observed surface temperatures. They found that the trends in the surface temperatures derived from the weather balloons more closely matched the satellite temperature trends than they did the observed surface temperature trends from ground-based weather stations (Figure 2).
Since the derived surface temperatures are largely free of local effects such as urbanization, industrialization, land-use changes, and myriad other data quality issues which plague the surface measurements (see http://www.co2andclimate.org/wca/2004/wca_18c.html for more details), Douglass concluded that these non-climatic influences likely play a large role in the discrepancy between observed surface temperature trends and observed lower atmospheric temperature trends. This also means that climate models are overestimating the warming from atmospheric composition changes. These results confirm similar work that focused only on temperatures in the United States (Kalnay and Cai, 2003, see http://www.greeningearthsociety.org/wca/2003/wca_1b.html for more details)
Figure 2. Temperature trends by 5º latitude bands (where data were available) in three different data sets—observed surface data (red circles), derived surface data (cyan circles), satellite-based lower tropospheric data (blue circles). All of these data are mostly independent from each other. Notice how the trends from the derived surface data more closely match the trends from the satellite data than from the observed surface data (source: Douglass et al., 2004b).
Together, the results from these two papers provide strong evidence for three important points:
1) The discrepancy between temperature trends measured at the earth’s surface and those measured in the earth’s lower atmosphere is real.
2) A large part of this discrepancy is likely caused by local, non-climatic influences on surface thermometers (and not by stratospheric contamination of the lower tropospheric data).
3) Climate models including the observed changes to known climate forcing agents (both natural and anthropogenic) are unable to replicate the observed behavior of the temperatures in the lower atmosphere. Furthermore, if local, non-climatic influences are largely responsible for the surface temperature trends, then the climate models are getting the surface trends right for the wrong reasons—indicating a failure at that level as well.
These findings should give pause to anyone relying on climate model results to guide their actions.
Douglass, D.H., Pearson, B.D., Singer, S.F., 2004a. Altitude dependence of atmospheric temperature trends: Climate models versus observation. Geophysical Research Letters, 31, doi:10.1029/2004GL020103.
Douglass, D.H., et al., 2004b. Disparity of tropospheric and surface temperature trends: new evidence. Geophysical Research Letters, 31, doi:10.1029/2004GL020212 .
Fu, Q., et al., 2004. Contribution of stratospheric cooling to satellite-inferred tropospheric temperature trends. Nature, 429, 55-58.
Kalnay, E., and Cai, M., 2003. Impact of urbanization and land-use change on climate. Nature, 423, 528-531.


In the year 2029, NASA will launch a mission to fly by Venus and descend through its hostile atmosphere. The Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble Gases, Chemistry, and Imaging mission, or DAVINCI, will be the first to explore Venus via flybys and descent.
By June 2031, the spacecraft should have explored Venus’s stratified atmosphere and reached the earth’s climate. Scientists have been keen to measure Venus since the early 1980s, and the DAVINCI mission will be able to acquire data on the planet.
Pioneer in 1978 and Magellan in the early 1990s were the only NASA missions to visit the second planet from our sun.
The DAVINCI spacecraft will act as a flying chemistry lab, measuring various aspects of Venus’ atmosphere and environment as well as taking the first descent photographs of the planet’s highlands. The instruments on board the mission will also be able to scan Venus’ surface and detect the composition of the planet’s mountainous highlands.
According to NASA scientists, these features, known as “tesserae,” may be analogous to continents on Earth, implying that Venus has plate tectonics.
In a statement, Jim Garvin, DAVINCI principal investigator from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, said, “This ensemble of chemistry, environmental, and descent imaging data will paint a picture of the layered Venus atmosphere and how it interacts with the surface in the mountains of Alpha Regio, which is twice the size of Texas.”
“These measurements will allow us to evaluate historical aspects of the atmosphere as well as detect special rock types at the surface such as granites while also looking for tell-tale landscape features that could tell us about erosion or other formational processes,” says the researcher.
By detecting gases and water components in the lowest part of Venus’ atmosphere, the programme would also look at the likelihood of an ocean in the past. Venus may have been the first habitable planet in our solar system, with an ocean and climate comparable to Earth’s, but something changed it to a planet with temperatures high enough to melt lead.
According to a 2019 study, Venus likely had steady temperatures and liquid water for billions of years before an event prompted profound changes on the planet. Michael Way, a physical scientist at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Science in New York City, also coauthored a 2016 paper on Venus’s former climate and oceans.
Venus is now a mostly dead planet, with a toxic atmosphere 90 times thicker than Earth’s and surface temperatures reaching 864 degrees Fahrenheit (462 degrees Celsius).
DAVINCI will employ two instruments to analyse the clouds and map the highlands from orbit as it flies past Venus multiple times. It will then release a descent probe that will carry five instruments all the way to the surface.
The drop will take about an hour, and the probe will be protected by a thermal shield until it reaches a height of 42 miles (67 kilometres). The shield will then be discarded in order to sample and evaluate air gases. Once it clears Venus’ clouds 100,000 feet (30,500 metres) above the surface, the descending probe will take hundreds of photos.
“The probe will touch-down in the Alpha Regio mountains but is not required to operate once it lands, as all of the required science data will be taken before reaching the surface,” said Stephanie Getty, Goddard’s deputy principle investigator. “If we survive the touchdown at about 25 miles per hour (11 meters/second), we could have up to 17-18 minutes of operations on the surface under ideal conditions.”


Thursday: Northerly 15/20 knots. Seas: 1.5 metres, increasing to 2 metres offshore. Swell: Southerly below 0.5 metres. Friday: North to northwesterly 15/20 knots ahead of a southwesterly change in the late evening, reaching 30 knots offshore. Seas: 1.5/2 metres. Swell: Southerly below 0.5 metres. Outlook Saturday: Southwesterly 20/30 knots turning southerly 20/25 knots in the late morning and early afternoon. Seas: 1.5/2.5 metres. Swell: South to southeasterly below 1 metre south of Cape Byron. Outlook Sunday: Southerly 20/25 knots turning southeasterly 15/20 knots during the morning. Seas: 1.5/2.5 metres. Swell: South to southeasterly below 1 metre, increasing to 1/1.5 metres south of Cape Byron during the evening.Issued Thu 22:29 EST
22:00 EST A 63-year-old woman has been killed by a falling tree in Launceston during a fourth day of wild weather across Tasmania.


ATLANTIC OCEAN (WKRG) — Before Hurricane Irma wreaked havoc in Florida, News 5 was aboard the flight that helped determine the storm’s westward movement towards Tampa.
According to the Hurricane Hunters of the U.S. Air Force Reserve, this was the first time a 360-degree camera was mounted in front of their windshield to provide a breathtaking view of the storm’s eye.
With the 360-degree perspective on platforms like Facebook and YouTube, viewers can move around their smartphone, tablet or virtual reality headset to see the pilots in the cockpit, all-the-way-around to Hurricane Irma through the windshield.
The video shows the dramatic moment of bursting through the eye-wall into the eye of the storm. The Hurricane Hunters navigate to find the storm’s true center, the area of lowest pressure that helps determine Irma’s forecast path.
The 360-degree video also goes back to the cabin of the plane, where weather officers are gathering the crucial data forecasters need to predict what the storm will do next.
News 5 flew with the Hurricane Hunters of the U.S. Air Force Reserve early Saturday morning, when Irma was a Category 5 storm off the coast of Cuba. It was this flight that downgraded Irma to a Category 3, and determined the storm was moving west towards Naples, Florida.


For immediate release
Florida Press Office: Mark Friedlander, 904-806-7813, firstname.lastname@example.org
ST. JOHNS, Fla., Nov. 29, 2022—As the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season concludes tomorrow, it marks the seventh straight year in which at least 14 named storms formed.
Eight of the named storms became hurricanes, and two of the eight reached major hurricane (Category 3, 4, or 5) intensity. The season, which began June 1, serves as a reminder to residents living on the Gulf and East Coasts of the United States, as well as the Caribbean territories, that the dangers of high winds and floods destroying property and ending lives is real; and taking action to become more resilient is critical. Insurance is the first step toward predicting and preventing a loss.
“As the nation’s financial first responders, insurers helped their customers recover economically from the impacts of another damaging hurricane season in 2022,” said Sean Kevelighan, CEO, Insurance Information Institute (Triple-I). “The widespread damage Florida experienced in the wake of hurricanes Ian and Nicole highlighted the importance of being financially protected from catastrophic losses and that includes having adequate levels of property insurance and flood coverage. In fact, we not only saw historic levels of flooding in coastal areas but throughout inland communities, as well.”
The eight hurricanes were Danielle, Earl, Fiona, Ian, Julia, Lisa, Martin, and Nicole. Fiona and Ian became major hurricanes. Hurricane Ian was the most damaging storm this season, causing devastating storm surge, high winds and flooding that led to a significant loss of life and widespread destruction throughout Florida. Ian is expected to be the one of the costliest natural disasters in the nation’s history and made landfall twice in the U.S. The first time was near Cayo Costa, Fla., on Sept. 28 as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 150 miles per hour. Two days later, on Sept. 30, Ian made landfall again near Georgetown, S.C., as a Category 1 hurricane with sustained winds of 85 miles per hour, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Hurricane Nicole made landfall on North Hutchinson Island, Fla., on Nov. 10, as a Category 1 hurricane with sustained winds of 75 miles per hour.
“The biggest surprise of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season was that August had no named storm activity,” said Phil Klotzbach, PhD, a research scientist in the Department of Atmospheric Science at Colorado State University (CSU) and a Triple-I non-resident scholar. “This is the first time August had no named storm activity since 1997.”
CSU’s other notable observations about the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season included:
- Ian is tied with five other hurricanes for the fifth strongest continental U.S. landfall on record
- Nicole was the latest calendar year hurricane to make landfall on Florida’s East Coast on record
- There was no named storm activity between July 3 and Aug. 31
Catastrophes and Insurance Issues
Spotlight On: Flood Insurance
Facts & Statistics:


AN ACTION plan containing a package of measures to help improve the air quality in Braunton is about to go out to public consultation.
It sets out North Devon Council’s ideas for tackling the pollution caused by queues of vehicles trying to get through the bottleneck in the middle of the village.
Every local authority has a responsibility to measure air pollution. Readings taken on the Square in Braunton recorded an annual mean concentration of 43 microgrammes of nitrogen dioxide per cubic metre, above the threshold of 40 microgrammes.
That led to an Air Quality Management Area being declared in the village, which meant the district council had to act.
via Air quality action plan is set to go out to public consultation in Braunton | This is North Devon.


Video: Scene of the deadly house collapse in Smithfield that claimed four lives
Wed, 09 Jul 2014 14:33:35 GMT —
This is video taken this morning at the scene in Smithfield where four houses collapsed, killing four people.
There is a news conference planned for Wednesday morning to update on the tragic storm that swept through the area. Teams from the National Weather Service are working to find out if a tornado caused the severe damage.


Filmed and edited By Roger Essig. June 24th 2017. Bells Beach, Victoria Australia.
Music by Them Crooked Vultures. ‘Spinning in the Daffodils’
‘A vigorous polar front swept from southwest of Tasmania to Victoria’s central coast on Saturday, producing waves of more than three metres.’ -Alex Sinnott, Geelong Advertiser
“The models are, for the most part maintaining the forecast for a peak on Saturday morning, showing a 20 to 25ft deepwater SSW swell @ 17 seconds. The storm is already generating 40 to 50 knot SW winds across polar latitudes, below WA and this fetch is on course to travel northeast towards Bass Strait throughout Thursday, setting up a captured fetch of 40 to 50 knots.
However, consecutive model runs have shown a slight, but incremental downgrading in wave-potential; associated with an earlier than initially forecast weakening of the fetch, setting in from Thursday evening onwards. Note this slight downgrading is reflected in GFS, ACCESS and EC model runs. So it looks like wave-growth will cease around 600 or 700 nautical miles southwest of Bass Strait – and I think the resulting wave-decay is probably enough to cap the peak of the swell at about 8 to 10ft at Bells on Saturday morning. Further, EC runs are consistently forecasting wind-speeds a little below GFS – and this points to a further, albeit minor downgrading of wave-potential.” – Ben Macartney
(this video has not been monetized)


Greenhouse gas emissions in Thurston County totaled over 2.9 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MTCO2e) in 2021 — 9.8 tons per person. Total emissions increased from 2012 to 2019, until the COVID-10 pandemic significantly changed how people live, work, and travel and brought emissions decreases. From 2010 to 2021, emissions have decreased 4.1% while per capita emissions have dropped nearly 20%. The built environment — buildings and their related energy use — are the largest source of emissions, followed by transportation. These two sectors account for approximately 90% of emissions.
Thurston Regional Planning Council
Sustainable Thurston Report Card
The Sustainable Thurston Report Card tracks how well the Thurston region is doing at becoming carbon neutral. The goal includes two targets for decreasing greenhouse gas emissions:


A yellow level travel advisory has been issued for unincorporated roads in Hamilton Co, effective Wednesday morning until further notice.
This is the lowest level of local travel advisory and means routine travel or activities may be restricted in areas because of a hazardous situation. Individuals should use caution or avoid those areas. Unincorporated roads are those roads maintained by Hamilton Co., usually roads outside cities and towns.
The National Weather Service is forecasting several inches of snow on top of the rain and has issued a Winter Weather Advisory for Hamilton Co. until the afternoon of Thursday, Feb. 25. Gusty winds may increase travel difficulties.
The Hamilton Co. Sheriff’s Office says to do the following when driving in winter weather:
- Reduce speeds
- Leave extra room between vehicles
- Make sure all windows are clear of snow and ice
- Turn on lights to increase visibility even during the day
- Make sure to keep an emergency kit, along with a fully charged cell phone handy.
In case of a slide off or crash, contact Hamilton Co. Public Safety Communications at 773-1282 or 911 for an emergency.


This week, negotiators from nearly 200 countries have gathered at the UN Climate Conference in Doha to try to hammer out an agreement on a second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol.
Once again, the gathering of the parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change highlights the lack of action on climate change, and the subsequent threat to the prosperity of millions. Climate change may roll back decades of development.
Several reports in the last month have reached the same conclusion. First, the science is unequivocal: humans are the cause of global warming, and major changes can be observed today. Second, time for action is running out – if we don’t act, we could experience a 4°C warmer world this century, with catastrophic consequences.
The World Bank commissioned the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and Climate Analytics to better understand the potential impact of a 4°C warmer world on developing countries. Turn Down the Heat provides a stark picture of the state of the planet in a 4°C warmer world and the disruptive impacts on agriculture, water resources, ecosystems and human health. It also gives a snapshot of changes already observed.
Global mean temperatures are about 0.8°C above pre-industrial levels. Current greenhouse gas emission pledges place the world on a trajectory for warming of well over 3°C, even if the pledges are fully met.


The instruments are as complex as the air they analyze.\r\n
Scientists will converge in Augusta this weekend to launch a study that could answer important questions about the local origins of air pollution.
Augusta's air pollution problems aren't as bad as Macon's but are substantially worse than Savannah's, according to a statewide compilation of ozone level violations over the past three years.
Efforts to overturn new federal air quality standards might delay -- but won't stop -- Augusta's pending designation as a city with polluted air, Georgia's environmental chief predicted Thursday.
Augusta is joining forces with Macon and Columbus in seeking a special appropriation for air pollution studies in cities facing nonattainment status under the revised Clean Air Act.
Augusta's air pollution tends to be at its worst when slow-moving winds blow from the southeast, according to preliminary findings from an experimental air monitoring study.
Air pollution in Augusta tends to be at its worst when nearly-stagnant air blows from the southeast, according to preliminary results of a first-ever air monitoring study conducted this summer.Full story
Augusta has spent years and millions of dollars trying to solve its pollution problems. In the end, salvation might be in the bulrushes. View the photo gallery


Earth observation satellites in low orbit are continually buffeted by the wisps of atmosphere that remain. Predicting how much air drag a satellite can encounter is critical to the design, cost and operation of a mission - an ESA study shows how.
Earth's atmosphere is often portrayed as a fragile, finite, thin layer of gas blanketing the planet. However, since the number of atmospheric particles decrease exponentially with altitude, there is no real boundary between the atmosphere and outer space. Even though the density of the air at satellite level is at least a billion times lower than at sea level, the speed at which satellites move in orbit is so high they can still experience drag.
Just like sailors and airline pilots have to account for the weather in the lower layers of the atmosphere – the troposphere and stratosphere, satellite operators have to be able to predict the weather in the upper regions of the atmosphere. Understanding air density is crucial when designing a mission, for example, air density and wind affect how much fuel is consumed and the lifetime of a satellite mission. In addition, knowing what the weather is like in space is important for planning manoeuvres, predicting re-entry and assessing the risk of collision.
The thermosphere starts at an altitude of around 90 km. This atmospheric layer is strongly influenced by ultraviolet radiation and charged particles originating from the Sun. It is also influenced by the magnetic and electric fields that surround Earth. The weather in the thermosphere is completely unlike that experienced on the ground. Winds can reach speeds of hundreds of metres per second and air density can vary by orders of magnitude, depending on the activity of the Sun.
The results of a recent study commissioned by ESA's General Studies Programme have shown that accelerometers, carried on current and future Earth observation satellites, can act as space weather observatories. These instruments measure acceleration relative to 'free fall' of an object in a near-circular orbit and can also provide valuable data to improve air density models. In contrast, ESA's gravity mission GOCE, which was launched into a very low orbit in March, has accelerometers that measure the drag the spacecraft is experiencing and ion thrusters for drag compensation.
The 18-month study was carried out by an international team led by the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and investigated accelerometer data from the German mission CHAMP and US-German mission GRACE. It also simulated data for ESA's Earth Explorer Swarm mission, which is due for launch in 2010. Swarm aims to improve our understanding of Earth's magnetic field including near-Earth current systems and their coupling with thermospheric density and winds.
Eelco Doornbos from the Delft University of Technology explained, "The study involved the cooperation of European experts in upper-atmospheric physics, satellite aerodynamics, orbital mechanics, modelling and data processing. We have investigated the most accurate way possible of deriving density and wind speeds from the accelerometer data, compared the results with existing models, created improvements to these models and have made recommendations for future satellite missions.”
Heiner Klinkrad of ESA's Space Debris Office summarised the merits of the present study, "The modelling of aerodynamic forces requires a good knowledge of all key parameters: the total air density, the effective aerodynamic cross-section, the velocity relative to a dynamic atmosphere, and the surface-molecule interaction parameters, of which the drag coefficient is the most important. The current study uses principles that were already developed at the beginning of space flight. The current accelerometer data, however, provide drag information that is several orders of magnitude better than in those days - both in absolute magnitudes and spatial/temporal resolution. Likewise, the molecule-surface interaction and the effective aerodynamic cross-section are known much better today, so we are able to extract very reliable information on the total density and aerodynamic velocity. I believe that the current study has significantly advanced research in this area."
The results of this important study have shown that air density and wind models can be significantly improved. This can help to reduce some of the current uncertainties involved in the complex tasks of planning, developing and operating satellites in low-Earth orbit.
For further information please contact:
Study Technical Officer
ESA Mission Science Division
Tel: +31 71 5658720
Email: michael.kern @ esa.int
ESA General Studies Programme Manager
Tel: +33 1 5369 7623
Email: andres.galvez @ esa.int


by Scott Richter and Dr. Patrick Jones
People who have lived in the Spokane area over the past few years likely noticed the air pollution caused by smoke from wildfires during summer 2021 was not as bad as most – specifically 2017 and 2020. This year, at least locally, we were spared multiple weeks of thick, yellow-brown smoke coming from fires seemingly from everywhere but the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
During 2020, the combination of unprecedented fire seasons in both Oregon and California and the relatively common late summer easterly wind patterns actually sent wildfire smoke hundreds of miles east over the Pacific Ocean before turning west again and while greatly dissipated, eventually finding its way to Europe.
An important part of overall air quality is Particulate Matter (PM) per cubic meter. PM is defined as the solid and liquid particles found in ambient air. Spokane Trends Indicator 4.1.7 PM2.5 Concentration measures the annual average of the 24-Hour PM2.5 concentration levels based on continuous monitoring. PM2.5 measures the volume of particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter.
Exposure to elevated levels of PM2.5 can lead to increased cases of respiratory illnesses and illness-related mortality. When inhaled, PM2.5 is small enough to lodge deep into the lungs, damaging delicate lung tissue. While PM2.5 can affect anybody, people especially sensitive include those with existing heart and lung diseases, as well as pregnant women, young children, and the elderly.
Sources of PM are either directly emitted or the result of chemical reactions. Directly emitted particles can come from wood fires, power plants, and industrial facilities. Additionally, farming, agricultural burns, dust from roads, construction activities, all agitated by wind, create PM. Indirectly emitted particles, or secondary particles, are typically from chemical reactions traced to naturally occurring gasses or burning fossil fuels, whether from vehicle engines or power plants.
So smoke is not the only source – basically all combustion creates PM, not just wildfires.
The Clean Air Act of 1970 (42 U.S.C. §7401 et seq) requires the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to “periodically review the standards to ensure that they provide adequate health and environmental protection, and to update those standards as necessary.”
During the 1997 review, EPA reduced the fine particle standard from 15.0 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3) to 12.0 where it has remained through the latest completed review in 2012. According to EPA, “An area will meet the standard if the three-year average of its annual average PM2.5 concentration (at each monitoring site in the area) is less than or equal to 12.0 µg/m3.”
Currently, EPA is in the process of reviewing the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The review has yet to be completed so the fine particle standard of 12.0 µg/m3 for PM2.5 remains in place.
NAAQS create thresholds for criteria air pollutants, which in addition to PM include carbon monoxide, lead, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.
Looking at the graph for Indicator 4.1.7, we can observe that at no point in the series does Spokane County have the lowest average. Spokane County is similar to Benton County, WA (Tri-Cities) and Ada County, ID (Boise). The comparison of Benton and Spokane Counties reveals more similarities than each have with Ada County. Ada County shows the two highest annual measurements in the period observed --11.95 during 2013 and 11.06 during 2007.
The highest annual average in Spokane County was 10.69 occurring during 2020, the year with the most recent annual data available. The lowest annual average in Spokane County was 5.08 during 2018.
Wildfire events causing widespread poor air quality are certainly part of this indicator, but keep in mind this is an annual average calculated by the daily averages. While these events can greatly impact us during the days or weeks they are occurring, major events decreasing air quality are the exception, not the rule. Additionally, the benchmark counties are close enough in proximity to Spokane County to have air quality diminished by the same wildfires.
Over the 16-year span of this series, there has not been much of an increase. Looking at another indicator on Spokane Trends, 4.1.1 Air Quality Days, maybe a little contrary to thinking, but 2020 had the highest number of Good Air Days, 323, than any other year for Spokane County and overall for King and Pierce Counties.
During the summer of 2021, Spokane set new records for total days over 100 degrees in a calendar year, total days over 90 degrees in a calendar year, all-time record high temperature, the hottest month on record based on the average of the daily high temperature, all while the nighttime low temperatures remained higher than normal. Unlike the global mean surface temperature, these data do not provide any real evidence of global warming. Yet indirectly, global warming increases the chance of elevated PM2.5 by way of an increasing risk of wildfires – both in rate and intensity.


The Tropical Storm warning remained in force early Thursday as Zeta blew through the area, with “blew” being the operative word. Warning is set to expire at 11 a.m. High winds resulted in Walton County and Social Circle City Schools announcing closings a little after 6 a.m. Widespread power outages were reported and debris was reported in many roads. Walton County Fire Rescue had quite a few tree and power line down calls since about 0445, according to officials. As the winds picked up, so did the storm call volume.
According to the National Weather Service, winds are expected to remain above 15 to 20 mph through most of the morning but expected to taper off by midday.
The National Weather Service at Peachtree City has issued a Tropical Storm Warning for the local area, including Walton and Gwinnett Counties. This is the fourth warning currently in force for the local area.
The following warnings are in effect.
- Flash Flood Watch in effect from October 28, 08:00 AM EDT until October 29, 08:00 PM EDT
- Hazardous Weather Outlook
- Hurricane Local Statement
- Tropical Storm Warning in effect from October 28, 11:04 AM EDT
A Tropical Storm Warning means tropical storm-force winds are expected somewhere within this area within the next 36 hours * WIND - LATEST LOCAL FORECAST: Tropical storm force winds remain possible - Peak Wind Forecast: 20-30 mph with gusts to 40 mph - THREAT TO LIFE AND PROPERTY THAT INCLUDES TYPICAL FORECAST UNCERTAINTY IN TRACK, SIZE AND INTENSITY: Potential for wind 39 to 57 mph - The wind threat has remained nearly steady from the previous assessment. - PLAN: Plan for hazardous wind of equivalent tropical storm force. - PREPARE: Efforts to protect property should now be underway. Prepare for limited wind damage. - ACT: Act now to complete preparations before the wind becomes hazardous. - POTENTIAL IMPACTS: Limited - Damage to porches, awnings, carports, sheds, and unanchored mobile homes. Unsecured lightweight objects blown about - Many large tree limbs broken off. A few trees snapped or uprooted, but with greater numbers in places where trees are shallow rooted. Some fences and roadway signs blown over. - A few roads impassable from debris, particularly within urban or heavily wooded places. Hazardous driving conditions on bridges and other elevated roadways. - Scattered power and communications outages. FLOODING RAIN - LATEST LOCAL FORECAST: Flash Flood Watch is in effect - Peak Rainfall Amounts: Additional around 1 inch - THREAT TO LIFE AND PROPERTY THAT INCLUDES TYPICAL FORECAST UNCERTAINTY IN TRACK, SIZE AND INTENSITY: Potential for localized flooding rain - The flooding rain threat has remained nearly steady from the previous assessment. - PLAN: Emergency plans should include the potential for localized flooding from heavy rain. - PREPARE: Consider protective actions if you are in an area vulnerable to flooding. - ACT: Heed any flood watches and warnings. - POTENTIAL IMPACTS: Limited - Localized rainfall flooding may prompt a few evacuations. - Rivers and tributaries may quickly rise with swifter currents. Small streams, creeks, canals, arroyos, and ditches may become swollen and overflow in spots. - Flood waters can enter a few structures, especially in usually vulnerable spots. A few places where rapid ponding of water occurs at underpasses, low-lying spots, and poor drainage areas. Several storm drains and retention ponds become near-full and begin to overflow. Some brief road and bridge closures.
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Low clouds, fog and poor visibility conditions will improve by 5am. Cloudy with temperatures steady near the low 30s. Winds N at 5 to 10 mph. Hourly Details
Becoming partly cloudy later with any flurries or snow showers ending by noontime. Temps nearly steady in the mid 30s. Winds NW at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of snow 30%.
A mostly clear sky. Low 23F. Winds WNW at 5 to 10 mph.
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Southeast OK Gets Some Relief with Heavy Rains this Week, While Northwest Still in Drought's GripThu, 10 May 2018 12:24:52 CDT
Oklahomans in the southeastern half of the state have gotten some relief this week from drought as heavy rain storms have moved through the area. However, those in the northwest part of the state are still gripped by intensely dry conditions. Unless you reside in central Oklahoma, though, any changes for the better will be rather unnoticeable, according to Oklahoma State Climatologist Gary McManus.
Again, little change is noted in the Drought Monitor this week, but currently it shows 23 percent of the state in exceptional drought conditions primarily concentrated along the western edge and Panhandle of the state; 34 percent under extreme drought; 42 percent remaining in severe drought; and a slight 5 percent combined decrease from last week in the abnormally dry to moderate drought rating at 53 percent and 46 percent, respectively.
More relief may be on the way though according to McManus, who says there will be minor chances of rain coming in the next few days into early next week. He says it is possible parts of drought-stricken Oklahoma in areas of the northwest may even receive some of that moisture if forecasted storms are realized. Meanwhile, summer temperatures are increasing and with them the fire danger, particularly in the Panhandle region.
Have a closer look at this week’s drought monitor, by clicking here and check out McManus’ latest Mesonet Ticker newsletter, here.
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To begin with North India, a fresh Western Disturbance is over North Pakistan and adjoining Jammu and Kashmir. Its induced cyclonic circulation is over Northwest Rajasthan. A trough is extending from this circulation to South Gujarat across Rajasthan. Due to these systems, scattered rain and snow are likely over Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. Isolated rain is also expected over Uttarakhand, parts of Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and West Uttar Pradesh. Due to a confluence zone, scattered rain and thundershowers with isolated hailstorm are possible over eastern parts of Rajasthan.
Moving to Central India, West Madhya Pradesh will receive rain and thundershowers with hailstorm activity. Meanwhile, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra will continue to observe dry weather and minimums may rise over these states.
In East/Northeast India, an anti-cyclone is marked over Odisha. Therefore, weather in Odisha and West Bengal will remain dry. Whereas, clear sky conditions will prevail over East Uttar Pradesh.
Bihar and Jharkhand will witness partly cloudy weather with chances of increase in minimum temperatures. A cyclonic circulation persists over parts of Northeast India. But due to the lack of moisture incursion, northeastern states will continue witnessing dry weather.
Lastly in South India, in the absence of any significant weather system, humid winds are expected to prevail over entire South India. Day will remain warm and sunny at most places.
Any information taken from here should be credited to skymetweather.com


CASPER, Wyo. – The National Weather Service in Riverton released peak wind gusts showing the amount of punishment much of central Wyoming received on Friday.
In Natrona County, a gust of 83 mph was recorded at Hat Six, and an 80 mph reading at a weather station southwest of town. Both were around 7 p.m.
The Casper airport had a gust of 62 mph, and a gust of 75 mph was recorded in Mills.
Article continues below...
Gusts between 70 and 80 mph were also recorded in Lander, Buffalo and Sunlight Basin in Park County.
The high winds caused WYDOT to close US 20 between Casper and Moneta on Friday night due to low visibility caused by dust storms.
Unfortunately, Natrona County remains under a high wind warning through tonight, with isolated snow showers likely. Gusts up to 65 mph are possible on Saturday.
Gusty winds will continue through the weekend and midweek, however they aren’t expected to be quite as extreme.


In the next few days, it is initially clear, on Monday though partly sunny. On Monday thunderstorms are possible. The daily high temperature near 28 degrees. On Monday a fresh wind from the south.
|Fr May 06||Sa May 07||Su May 08||Mo May 09|
|Nearby Forecast Locations - Greenville||Distance|


Measurement of solar radiation
The precise measurement of solar is important in many fields including remote sensing, meteorology, climate change, solar energy, and various aspects of agriculture. The two common methods that characterize solar radiation are the solar irradiance (or radiation) and solar insolation.
Solar irradiance (symbol: E) is the radiometry term for the power of electromagnetic radiation at a surface, per unit area. "Irradiance" is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. The SI units for irradiance are watts per square meter (W/m2). Solar irradiance is strongly dependent on location and local weather. Irradiance measurements consist of global and/or direct radiation measurements taken periodically throughout the day.
Solar insolation is the total amount of solar energy received at a particular location during a specified time period, often in units of W/(m2·day). While the units of solar insolation and solar irradiance are both a power density (for solar insolation the "hours" in the numerator are a time measurement as is the "day" in the denominator), solar insolation is quite different than the solar irradiance because the solar insolation is the instantaneous solar irradiance averaged over a given time period. Solar insolation is also expressed in units of MJ/m2 per year.
Actinometer is the general name for any instrument used to measure the intensity of radiant energy, particularly that of the sun. Actinometers are classified according to the quantities that they measure:
- A pyrheliometer measures measures the intensity of direct solar radiation. It is so designed that it measures only the radiation from the sun's disk (which has an apparent diameter of ½°) and from a narrow annulus of sky of diameter 5° around the sun's disk.
- A pyranometer measures global radiation (the combined intensity of direct solar radiation and diffuse sky radiation). It measures solar irradiance from the solid angle 2pi onto a plane surface. When mounted horizontally facing upwards it measures global solar irradiance. If it is provided with a shade that prevents beam solar radiation from reaching the receiver, it measures diffuse solar irradiance.
- A pyrgeometer measures the effective terrestrial radiation. It measures the atmospheric infrared radiation spectrum that extends approximately from 4.5 µm to 100 µm.
A radiometer is an instrument designed to measure the radiated electromagnetic power. When used in solar energy applications, it is usually desirable for radiometers to respond the same to equal amounts of energy at all wavelengths over the wavelength range of the radiation to be measured. Most radiometers therefore work by using a thermopile to measure the temperature rise of a sensitive element whose receiving surface is painted dull black. Instruments for measuring solar irradiance using a photovoltaic cell as the sensitive element have a non-uniform spectral response.
An alternative method of measuring solar radiation, which is less accurate but also less expensive, is a sunshine recorder. Sunshine recorders measure the number of hours in the day during which the sunshine is above a certain level (typically 200 mW/cm2). Data collected in this way are used to determine the solar insolation by comparing the measured number of sunshine hours to those based on calculations and including several correction factors.
- American Meterological Scociety, Glossary of Meterology, Accessed 11 January 2008.
- Exell, R. H. B., The Intensity of Solar Radiation, Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Accessed 10 January 2008.
- Honsberg, Christina and Stuart Bowden, Photovoltaics CDROM Web Edition, University of Delaware, Accessed 10 January 2008.
- Pidwirny, Michael (Lead Author); Dagmar Budikova (Topic Editor). 2007. Atmospheric effects on incoming solar radiation. In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment).


Willis Haviland Carrier invented the first electrical air conditioner in 1902. The first air conditioners where used to cool air for industrial processing. It was not until the 1950's that residential air conditioning sales took off.
A 19th century British scientist found out that if you use a compressor to liquify a certain gas it would chill the air when a certain amount of ammonia was allowed to evaporate. Willis Haviland Carrier used this to make the first air conditioner. Look here for more information: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Who_invented_the_air_conditioner


Rain has moved into the area as of 6am this morning and will become quite heavy at times especially this morning, a flash flood watch is in effect and we may get an average of 1-2 inches of rain with some higher amounts up to 4 inches. There also may be some thunderstorms that can be accompanied by some strong gusty winds. With cloudy skies and precipitation high temperatures will only reach the upper 70s but it will be humid..
A cold front will swing through later tonight ending the rain.
Another preview of fall Wednesday through Friday with mostly fair skies, very low humidity and temperatures reaching 80 degrees during the day but dropping to the 50s at night.
Weekend looks dry with slowly moderating temperatures..
The forecast: Today – Cloudy with showers and thunderstorms, heavy rain likely, some storms may contain strong gusty winds, high in the upper 70s.
Tonight – Scattered showers and thunderstorms till around 9pm then becoming mostly clear and much less humid, low in the low 60s.
Wednesday – Sunny, high in the upper 70s.
Thursday – Sunny, high near 80.
Friday – Sunny, high in the low 80s.
Saturday – Mostly sunny, high in the low 80s.
Sunday – Partly sunny, high in the low 80s.
Monday – Mostly cloudy, high in the low 80s.
Marine Forecast: Today – South-southeast wind to 8 knots, seas 2 feet.
Outlook – Sub-advisory level conditions through through the weekend.
Have a good day!


While the weather on Sunday is still clear clouds will increase. On Tuesday some scattered showers are possible. The daily high falls from 24 degrees on Sunday to 18 degrees on Tuesday. A fresh wind from the south.
|Sa May 25||Su May 26||Mo May 27||Tu May 28|


A research base in the Antarctic has recorded the hottest temperature ever for the continent amid rising concern about global warming (Reuters 1). World Meteorological Organization spokeswoman, Clare Nullis, said the Esperanza base recorded 18.3 degrees topping the former record of 17.5 degrees tallied in March 2015 (AP 1). The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) says the northwest region of the Antarctic Peninsula is among the fastest warming regions on Earth — nearly 3 degrees Celsius over the last half-century (AP 1). According to an annual report by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) the Arctic is warming more than twice as fast as the rest of the globe. (AP 2).
This increase in temperature has accelerated the melting of ice sheets around the south pole, which will greatly impact the rising sea levels (Reuters 1). Animals have also been severely affected, with the population of chinstrap penguins having fallen by approximately 77% since they were last surveyed (Reuters 2). Steve Forrest, a conservation biologist, said “The declines that we’ve seen are definitely dramatic” attributing it to “less food abundance” which are “driving these populations down” (Reuters 2). The United Nations (U.N.) will soon meet to try to agree on a global ocean treaty, that will address the effects of climate change (Reuters 2).


Snow could be on the way with UK braced for cold snap as temperatures plummet
It might be hard to believe after the unusually hot weather we’ve seen throughout November, but snow could soon start falling in parts of the UK. According to the Met Office, parts of northern England and Scotland could see the white stuff towards the end of this week, with the Scottish highlands set for the first smatterings as temperatures drop.
Met Office meteorologist Annie Shuttleworth said current mild conditions are expected to last around five days before the weather turns more unsettled, bringing ‘strong winds and rain’. Temperatures could plummet below 10C in northern England by tonight (Monday, November 14) with nighttime lows of 7C in Northern Ireland and 8C in Manchester by Tuesday.
London and the south east of the country are more likely to see continued warm spells, with highs of 14C in London during the day. It comes after Storm Claudio brought heavy downpours to the UK followed by the hottest Armistice Day (November 11) on record.
Ms Shuttleworth said: “With average temperatures for this time of November, you can get rain falling as snow on the high grounds of Scotland as well as potentially the high ground of England and Northern Ireland. For the end of November, it generally looks like we’ll see high pressure and lots of dry and settled weather.
“That could bring some colder nights. There are no major signals for snow but we can see frost and fog becoming a little more likely into the back end of November.”
Long range weather forecast for the UK, according to the Met Office
Friday, November 18 - Sunday, November 27
Unsettled weather is likely to remain over the weekend, perhaps with the northwest seeing the wettest conditions, possibly windy for many with a chance of gales, especially in the west. These unsettled conditions are likely to remain through most of the week, however there is a chance of some short lived high pressure to start the week, bringing a low risk of patchy frost by night in the north. Rain and strong winds likely over the second weekend, especially in the west. Temperatures possibly slightly above average initially, but returning closer to average later.
Monday, November 28 - Monday, December 12
Into this period, conditions will possibly become more settled as high pressure moves over the UK. This should bring drier and calmer weather than that of late. But shorter periods of unsettled weather are still possible. Temperatures likely to fall back to average, perhaps below average at times, especially by night, with an increased risk of fog.
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Now, Delta looks to bear down on the northern Gulf Coast in its hazardous second act later this week with the coast of central and western Louisiana in the crosshairs.
“Delta is expected to grow in size as it approaches the northern Gulf Coast, where there is an increasing likelihood of life-threatening storm surge and dangerous hurricane-force winds beginning Friday, particularly for portions of the Louisiana coast,” the National Hurricane Center wrote Wednesday.
Delta may have a serious impact on some of the beleaguered parts of southwest Louisiana that were hit hard by Category 4 Laura in late August.
On Wednesday morning, the Hurricane Center issued a hurricane watch for the zone between High Island, Tex., and Grand Isle, La., which includes the zone where Laura made landfall.
The storm may come ashore not far from Lake Charles, where Laura caused heavy damage and cut power in some areas for weeks. Although Delta’s exact track is still coming into focus, models suggest landfall could occur in the area just southwest of Lafayette as a Category 2 or 3 hurricane.
The storm’s impacts will expand far beyond where its center crosses the coast.
A storm surge watch spans from High Island to the Alabama-Florida border and includes Lake Pontchartrain and Mobile Bay. The surge could cause as much as 11 feet of inundation along the coast of central Louisiana.
The storm’s region of influence is expected to grow as the storm’s wind field expands before landfall. New Orleans may escape with only low-end tropical-storm-force winds, but any shift in the track eastward could increase storm effects there.
“NOW is the time to make sure you have a plan if you live anywhere along the northern Gulf Coast,” wrote the National Weather Service in New Orleans.
Tropical-storm-force winds could arrive along the Louisiana coastline as early as late Thursday night or Friday morning.
Though disruptive mid-level winds weakened Delta to a Category 2 before its Mexican landfall, re-intensification is likely as it moves over the warmer waters of the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. The small storm has a tight, compact circulation, making it more susceptible to quick swings in intensity.
Delta was moving off the northern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula as of 2 p.m. Wednesday, heading northwest at 17 mph, emerging over the Gulf of Mexico. The storm had weakened further crossing the Yucatán, with maximum winds advertised at 100 mph. Its central air pressure had increased significantly, a sign that it is no longer lifting and evacuating air at the upper levels as efficiently as before.
Microwave satellite imagery indicated that Delta’s once pinhole eye had become ragged and disheveled, a much larger eye beginning to form. That’s part of the reason the winds contained in the eyewall had decreased; much like a twirling ice skater throwing out his or her arms, a radial expansion connotes a decrease in rotational velocity, or wind speed.
Winds of 84 mph occurred in Cancun, along with a gust to 106 mph. Puerto Morelos reported sustained winds of 54 mph and a 75-mph gust behind the center. Cozumel recorded a 64-mph wind gust.
Re-intensification over the Gulf of Mexico
As Delta emerges over the Gulf of Mexico on Wednesday afternoon, Delta is predicted to begin strengthening again as it encounters water temperatures between 81 and 85 degrees. The Hurricane Center projects Delta to regain Category 3 strength on Thursday, with peak winds reaching 120 mph.
The type of rapid intensification that occurred while Delta was over the Caribbean is less likely in the gulf, because ocean heat content — a measure of how much energy a hurricane can extract from surface ocean waters — is less. About a fifth to a quarter as much “fuel” is available, just enough for Delta to maintain its force while steadily strengthening.
Delta will probably weaken a bit toward the coastline as it encounters slightly cooler waters over the continental shelf. At the same time, wind shear, or a change of wind speed and/or direction with height, will be increasing. That could further work against Delta.
That said, Delta is still forecast to make landfall in Louisiana as a dangerous Category 2 or low-end Category 3 hurricane.
Delta will create multiple storm hazards along the northern Gulf Coast, including storm surge inundation, damaging winds, flash flooding and tornadoes.
The Hurricane Center is forecasting a “life-threatening” surge, or storm-driven rise in water above normally dry land at coast, over a sprawling zone from the Texas-Louisiana border to the Alabama-Florida border. The surge will be maximized just to the east of where the center crosses the coast.
The most probable location for landfall is somewhere along the western or central Louisiana coastline between the Calcasieu and the Atchafalaya rivers or to the southwest of Lafayette.
The Hurricane Center projects the greatest surge between Pecan Island and Port Fourchon, La., where waters may rise seven to 11 feet above dry land if the maximum surge coincides with high tide. But areas as far east as Mobile Bay in Alabama could see a surge of two to four feet. The storm could also push water levels up to one to three feet above normal as far west as Texas’s Galveston Bay.
In the area devastated by a surge of up to 17 feet during Hurricane Laura, near and just to the east of Cameron, La., the Hurricane Center projects a surge of four to seven feet.
Destructive winds are also a concern.
Residents between the Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge and Morgan City, including those bordering Vermilion Bay, should prepare for 100-to-115-mph wind gusts near the immediate coastline. Farther inland, 85-to-95-mph gusts are likely in the Lake Arthur to Lafayette corridor.
The strongest winds will be found in the eyewall, or the ring of strong thunderstorms surrounding a hurricane’s eye.
Unless the track of Delta shifts east, New Orleans will probably only see gusts in the 40-to-45-mph range, safely fringed well to the east of the core circulation.
A widespread four to eight inches of rainfall with localized 12-inch amounts is also likely within the swath covered by Delta’s core, which right now looks to track north through central Acadiana in Louisiana. Some flash flooding is likely.
The slug of Delta’s rainfall will move north into the Mississippi Valley on Saturday and into the Tennessee Valley and Mid-Atlantic by Sunday.
As Delta comes ashore, a few tornadoes can’t be ruled out, especially east of the center into southern Mississippi and extreme west coastal Alabama.
Delta in historical context
Delta will be the record 10th named storm to hit U.S. soil during the 2020 hurricane season, a year whose storms have been so numerous as to exhaust the National Hurricane Center’s conventional naming list for only the second time on record. Forecasters have turned to Greek letters for names; Delta became the strongest Greek-named storm observed Tuesday.
Between Monday morning and Tuesday afternoon, Delta’s peak winds catapulted 110 mph from a 35-mph tropical depression to a 145-mph Category 4. Delta’s 70-mph leap in intensity in the 24 hours between Monday morning and Tuesday morning is second fastest on record for an October hurricane in the Atlantic, trailing only Wilma in 2005. That sort of rapid intensification is expected to become more common and severe in a warming world. Rapid intensification has occurred in six Atlantic storms in 2020.
When Delta was upgraded to a hurricane Monday, it became the ninth to form in the Atlantic in 2020. “Only 3 other years in the satellite era (since 1966) have produced 9 or more Atlantic hurricanes by October 5: 1995, 2004, and 2005,” tweeted Phil Klotzbach, a hurricane researcher at Colorado State University.


Strong wind, snow closing roads east of Fort Collins and affecting DIA flights
Fort Collins is now included in a winter weather advisory, though travel impacts are expected to be minimal from the storm hitting Colorado, according to the National Weather Service.
But if you are looking to travel in any direction from the city or travel through Denver International Airport, you better be prepared.
The National Weather Service has issued a winter weather advisory for areas including Fort Collins, Greeley and Denver until 3 p.m. Tuesday, Dec. 13. Snow accumulation could reach 4 inches and wind gusts to 50 mph are possible in the advisory area.
That is in addition to a blizzard warning for much of the northeastern plains and winter weather advisory for the northern mountains, which is impacting travel.
This story will be updated as conditions change.
Fort Collins forecast calls for much more wind than snow
Snowfall totals in Fort Collins remain low with a forecast of an inch or two. But wind gusts could reach 40 mph or more during the storm, which will last into Wednesday, according to the weather service.
Snow is forecast to occur Tuesday morning through midafternoon, with patchy blowing snow possible. Any snow will be blown around by northwest wind 26 to 30 mph, gusting to 45 mph.
Snow chances diminish throughout Tuesday into Wednesday, but the wind remains Wednesday. Wind chill will drop into the minus category Wednesday night.
Highs will be in the 30s Tuesday and Wednesday.
Road closures starting to pile up on the Eastern Plains
Highways on the Eastern Plains are most impacted. Here are major road closures, according to the Colorado Department of Transportation. For road conditions and closure updates, call 511 or visit cotrip.org/home.
- Interstate 76 Brush to the Nebraska state line
- Interstate 70 in both directions from Airpark Road (MP 292) to the Kansas state line
- U.S. Highway 6 from Brush to the Nebraska state line
- U.S. Highway 385 from Holyoke to Julesburg
- Colorado Highway 52 from Fort Morgan to Colorado Highway 14
- Eastbound Colorado 392 from U.S. Highway 85 to Colorado Highway 14
- Eastbound Colorado Highway 14 from U.S. Highway 85 to Briggsdale
- Colorado Highway 71 from Brush to the Nebraska state line
- U.S. Highway 34 from Brush to the Nebraska state line
DIA flight cancellations increasing
As of 2 p.m. Tuesday, DIA was reporting 517 flight delays and 110 cancellations, according to www.flightaware.
DIA is just outside the blizzard warning area but is forecast to receive 2 to 5 inches or more of snow accompanied by strong wind.
It is advised you check with your airline carrier before heading to the airport.


Rare snowfall blankets Athens as temperatures across Greece hit record lows
While early morning tourists at the Acropolis were treated to a snow-globe scene, locals had to contend with roads made impassable by ice and many schools were closed in the Athens region.
In northern Greece, where an all-time low of -23 C was recorded in the city of Florina, highways, rail and bus services were disrupted.
Heavy rain and snow was reported on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus, which is more used to protracted periods of drought.
© 2019 Reuters


Although they aren’t actually made of fire or traditional rainbows, “fire rainbows” are truly a sight to behold. These stunning natural phenomena, also called iridescent clouds, form when clouds consist of water droplets that are similar in size. Through diffraction and bending of light, the clouds separate into various wavelengths and colors, resulting in an extraordinary display of color. While they’re relatively rare, the beauty of iridescent clouds is truly breathtaking.
Astonishing Image: Gorgeous ‘Fire Rainbow’ Although these “fire rainbows” are not ablaze and have nothing to do with rainbows, they are simply breathtaking. The similarity between iridescent clouds and the colorful splendours of a rainbow is impressive. Both are created thanks to diffraction, which generates a captivating range of colors that alternate from blue to green, red, purple, and back to blue again, resulting in a remarkable, pulsating design.
It’s worth mentioning that even though rainbows show a range of colors, the way they are formed is not exactly the same. The process behind rainbows involves the bending of light through different mediums with varying densities like water and prisms, which results in refraction and reflection. In refraction, the light changes direction as it passes through the medium, while in reflection, the light bounces off the surface at an angle equal to its point of impact. However, diffraction scatters the light waves into a circular pattern.
Similar to other objects that display iridescence, such as the feathers of peacocks, the colors exhibited by iridescent clouds change based on a person’s position in relation to both the sun and the cloud. Newly formed clouds are often linked to iridescent cloud events, and the recent sighting in South Florida follows this trend. As per the Weather Channel, these clouds are known as pileus clouds and form when a thunderstorm rapidly grows and pushes air into the upper atmosphere through a layer of moisture. This process leads to the creation of a misty cloud that appears like a glittering dome atop the thunderstorm.
It’s important to distinguish fire rainbows from circumhorizontal arcs, which appear as stripes of color running parallel to the horizon. A stunning snapshot of this captivating natural occurrence was captured on July 31st in the South Florida skies, offering us a peek into the magical realm of iridescent clouds.


Look at this beautfiul photo showing the Earth’s shadow and the “Belt of Venus” as seen from the Black Range, New Mexico.
The photographer has the following comments:
As the sun sets the shadow of the Earth can be seen to the eastern horizon. This is the darker blue band in this photo. The Earth blocks light from reaching that region of the atmosphere, creating a shadow that we see as a deep blue. Above the shadow, the reddish light from the setting sun does illuminate the atmosphere and reflects back to our eye as a pink (blue + red). This pink band above the blue is known as the anti-twilight arc or the “Belt of Venus”.
Photo by Ed Mackerrow


Long-term variation in the cloud-tracked zonal velocities at the cloud top of Venus deduced from Venus Express VMC images
Publication date: 30 January 2013
Authors: T. Kouyama et al.
Journal: Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
Copyright: American Geophysical Union
We present observational evidence of the variation of the cloud-tracked zonal velocity by ~20 m/s with a timescale of a few hundred days in the southern low latitude region based on an analysis of cloud images taken by the Venus Monitoring Camera on board Venus Express. A spectral analysis suggests that the variation has a periodicity with a period of about 255 days. Although cloud features are not always passive tracers, the periodical variation of the dynamical state is a robust feature. Superposed on this long-term variation of the zonal velocity, Kelvin wave-like disturbances tend to be observed in periods of relatively slow background velocity, while Rossby wave-like disturbances tend to be observed in periods of fast background velocity. Since the momentum deposition by these waves can accelerate and decelerate the mean flow, these waves may contribute to the suggested long-term oscillation.Link to publication


Auteur : Agence Science Presse - Maxime Bilodeau
Bluer skies, less noisy cities, very rare smog episodes. The pandemic has been good for the environment. But this doesn’t mean the climate balance will be better when the year ends, the Rumour Detector reminds us.
The health crisis made it possible to see a historic planet-wide reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Driven by the economic slowdown, energy demand dropped dramatically after the beginning of the Great Lockdown. That’s what we read at the end of April in a report by the International Energy Agency.
This international agency, attached to the OECD, forecasts an 8% reduction of GHG emissions in 2020 compared to 2019. Some more conservative estimates project a decrease of around 4% to 5.5%, which would still be unprecedented.
The “disappearance” of these 2.6 gigatons of CO2 from the atmosphere would be equivalent to the emissions levels observed in the 2000s. No event in a century has triggered such a sharp drop of GHG emissions. Not the global financial crisis of 2008 or even the Second World War.
The effects of this “COVID-19 break” have been felt all over the planet. At the end of April, an air quality improvement was noted in nine of the world’s great metropolises during the confinement measures. Fine particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometres decreased by around 9% to 54%. The WHO estimates that 7 million people die every year due to exposure to fine particles contained in polluted air.
In Delhi, India, a 60% reduction was observed between March 23 and April 13. The local population rediscovered the peaks of the Himalayas, normally veiled by smog.
In another field, a significant decrease in noise pollution was reported in the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of British Columbia, between January 1 and April 1. This finding was published in mid-May in a Canadian study in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. Noise pollution was probably down due to the reduction of marine traffic. It would be beneficial for the health of sea mammals in that region.
But this good news should be tempered. The GHG emitted by humans over the past few decades haven’t disappeared overnight. Their stay in the atmosphere can be measured in decades, centuries and even millennia. In fact, even a clear, complete and highly unlikely stoppage of GHG emissions wouldn’t prevent climate warming from continuing. In 2010, the NASA Earth Observatory affirmed that such a scenario would still cause Planet Earth to warm by 0.6 degree Celsius by 2100.
The Breakthrough Institute, an American environmental research institute, maintains that GES concentrations in the atmosphere will remain practically unchanged in 2020. Before the pandemic, they were supposed to reach 414.2 parts per million (PPM), the Institute analyzes. With a 5% slowdown of GHG emissions this year, the concentrations would be only slightly lower, at 414 PPM.
If this slim difference occurs, it is too modest to influence the dynamics of the climate system, the Breakthrough Institute concludes. Remember that PPM concentrations haven’t stopped increasing since the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century. Previously they were below 300 ppm. The American National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration estimates and average increase of 1.84 PPM per year between 1979 and 2019.
Read the second article of this series:
This historic reduction teaches us something about the efforts still required to fight the climate crisis.


Massive storm wreaks havoc in Western AustraliaChristian Fernsby ▼ | May 25, 2020
A massive storm has wreaked havoc on the coastal areas of Western Australia, including the state capital Perth, dpa reported.
Western Australia Heavy rainfall hit parts of the coast
Topics: storm australia
The strongest wind gust of 126 kilometers per hour was recorded at Cape Leeuwin in the state's south-west, the Bureau of Meteorology said today. The winds raised dust storms in some areas, according to the Bureau.
Roofs were ripped off and trees felled as the dangerous wind swept through the state's northern coastal regions, and some 50,000 homes were without power overnight, according to local media.
Reports also said heavy rainfall hit parts of the coast, with many areas recording their highest tides of the year. ■


By Barbara Goldberg
NEW YORK (Reuters) – Plunging temperatures after a wet winter storm dumped more than a foot of snow on parts of the U.S. Northeast were expected to flash freeze much of the region on Sunday and make travel dicey during the Martin Luther King Jr. holiday on Monday.
“Any water that remains on the road will freeze into a sheet of ice and make conditions quite hazardous,” said Rich Otto, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service (NWS).
Sub-zero temperatures tied to gusting winds prompted the NWS to issue wind chill advisories and warnings for more than 10 states, from North Dakota and other parts of the central United States to East Coast metropolitan centers including Washington, New York and Boston.
It will be a roller-coaster ride for temperatures, with Sunday’s warm start melting overnight snow and threatening flooding in areas including southeastern Massachusetts. By evening, temperatures were expected to dive into a dangerous flash freeze.
High temperatures for Monday are forecast at 17 Fahrenheit (minus 8 Celsius) for New York City, and 12 F (minus 11 C) for Boston.
“Behind this winter storm is a lot of cold air that has been dropping south from Canada,” said Otto by telephone from College Park, Maryland. “You combine that with winds gusting between 20 and 30 miles an hour and you have pretty dangerous windchills of 10 to 30 below zero.”
The storm has already dropped heavy snow in Pennsylvania, although the deepest amount reported was 16 inches (41 cm) in the northern New York town of Lake Desolation, he said. It was headed for Maine, where it was expected to lay a white carpet up to 2 feet deep.
While the mercury will dive in the Northeast, forecasters say it is unlikely to fall below the storm’s current low of minus 46 Fahrenheit (minus 43 Celsius) recorded in Cotton, Minnesota.
The wintry weather has contributed to travel disruption across the United States during a busy holiday weekend, with 1,458 flight cancellations and 989 flight delays by mid-morning on Sunday, according to FlightAware.com.
Amtrak canceled or modified its Sunday train service from Boston to Washington and between Chicago and the East Coast.
(Reporting by Barbara Goldberg; Editing by Lisa Shumaker)


Transit is not reporting any major problems.
And then they die out a low temperature overnight about 70 and then those showers. We're going to regenerate tomorrow, mainly during the afternoon and evening hours, but lots of showers around heavy at times in the high 86 No. Thursday. We're starting to dry out. But he'd up mostly sunny, the high near 90 on Friday, partly sunny, even hotter. 94. I'm NBC 10 1st Alert meteorologist Glenn Hurricane Schwartz with your most accurate forecast. Callen. 80 degrees under Ah, partly cloudy sky in center city. Three things to know Straight ahead. Let's say you


Autumn has arrived with force in Bristol, with more cloud, along with heavy rain and wind forecast for the city area today.
Although daytime temperatures will stay around 15C, the wind and rain will be howling through the city on Tuesday and Wednesday.
Wind gusts will reach a high of 30mph today and 33mph on Wednesday, with heavy rainfall expected on both days as well.
Average daytime temperatures will plummet over the week as well, reaching a high of 18C today, 16C on Wednesday, and 11C on Thursday.
Wind and rain will continue throughout the week, with splashes of sunshine most days.
With rain and gales forecast over the next 24 hours, here is today’s Met Office hour-by-hour forecast for Bristol, and the forecast over the next few days.
Follow the latest updates on this story and others like it here
7am: As the city starts waking up, expect heavy cloud cover and a warm air temperature of 17C. Chance of rain stands at 10 per cent, but winds will be howling with a 11mph sustained speed from the south-southwest, and gusts up to 28mph.
8am: Much the same as 9am, with wind continuing to blow all day. Humidity level will be 94 per cent, with medium visibility expected.
9am: The clouds will lighten slightly this hour, but the wind will blow harder, with a sustained speed of 13mph and gusts up to 29mph.
10am: The wind will drop ever-so-slightly this hour, with the temperature hovering at 17mph, although it will feel slightly colder.
11am: Heavy cloud will begin to gather again this hour as the temperature hits the high for the day, reaching 18C. The wind will maintain a sustained speed of 13mph, gusting to 28mph.
12pm: The weather will not change much by noon, with temperatures, wind, and clouds remaining the same. Visibility will be good, improving by the next hour.
1pm: As the visibility rises to very good, expect the humidity to start dropping this hour to 83 per cent. This will be the calm before the storm, however, with rain and accompanying humidity moving in later in the afternoon.
2pm: The humidity will drop to a low for the day of 78 per cent this hour, but the wind will continue to howl at a sustained speed of 13mph and gusts up to 28mph.
3pm: This will be the last dry hour of the day, and the wind will pick up to remind you of it, rising to 15mph sustained speed at gusting to 30mph.
4pm: The rain arrives at 4pm, lasting right through the evening. Humidity level will rise to 83 per cent and continue to rise as visibility remains very good.
5pm: As the evening rush hour hits, the chance of rain will be 90 per cent, with wind gusts of up to 29mph. The visibility will drop to medium, while the temperature will slightly drop to 17C.
6pm: Much the same this hour and the rain continues to fall. The wind will continue to howl this hour, but easing as the evening progresses.
7pm: The wind will start to drop this hour, falling to 11mph sustained speed and gusting to 26mph. The rain will continue to fall until after midnight.
8pm: The wind continues to fall, dropping to 10mph sustained speed and gusting to 24mph. Visibility will be medium this hour, while the humidity level will stay at around 91 per cent.
10pm: The wind and rain continue to fall this hour as it has done throughout the evening.
11pm: By this time, the rain will start to ease off, with the chance of rain falling to 60 per cent. The temperature will drop to 16C, while the wind will continue to drop, gusting to 19mph.
12am: The rain will continue to ease off as we move into Wednesday, with the chance of rain falling to 60 per cent.
1am: The rain will have practically stopped, although cloud cover will stay over Bristol overnight. Expect winds of 7 mph sustained, and gusts up to 17mph, with ‘very good’ visibility.
2am: There is a slight chance of some rainfall this hour, but overall expect scattered clouds to blanket the area.
3am-6am: Expect cloud cover over these hours, with the temperature falling to 15C. Humidity will stay above 90 per cent, as the wind speed stays at 7mph, gusting to 17mph.
7am-8am: It will be a wet start to Tuesday with a thunderstorm set to hit Bristol in these hours, with the wind rising to 10mph sustained, gusting to 26mph.
Met Office South West forecast Tuesday to Saturday
Today: It will be a windy day for all with risk of coastal gales. Overnight rain will clear first thing to leave a cloudy morning. Further rain, heavy at times, spreading from the west through the afternoon. Maximum temperature 18 °C.
Tonight: A wet evening as rain continues east. This clears the far east in the early hours of Wednesday, but heavy, blustery, and possibly thundery showers follow behind. Feeling mild throughout. Minimum temperature 11 °C.
Wednesday: Overnight showers clearing first thing but further scattered ones developing in the afternoon. Turning widely wet and windy into the evening. Feeling fresher than Tuesday. Maximum temperature 16 °C.
Outlook for Thursday to Saturday: Sunny spells and isolated showers on Thursday as it turns colder. Much drier on Friday. Largely settled on Saturday but rain and strong winds developing in the west later on.


Almost three times normal rainfall.
Seattle ended October with a whopping 10.05 inches of total rainfall, according to the National Weather Service.
That shatters the old record of 8.96 inches set in 2003.
Seattle’s normal rainfall for October is 3.48 inches.
Washington’s capital also broke its October rainfall record.
Some 12.43 inches of rain fell on Olympia, beating the old record of 10.72 inches set in 2003.
Around the state, Bellingham, Hoquiam and Quillayute experienced the third wettest October on record.
Meanwhile, Spokane endured the rainiest month on record. Not just October, but the rainiest month on record.
Spokane received 6.21 inches of rain in October breaking the old monthly record of 5.85″ set in 1897 – now that’s a record!
Thanks to Jake Ryder for these links


Massachusetts and 10 other states sued the Environmental Protection Agency Wednesday, claiming the EPA violated the Clean Air Act when it ruled that mercury-emitting power plants could purchase credits from cleaner-burning plants, rather than installing their own emission controls.
New Jersey's attorney general filed the suit, which was joined by every New England state save Rhode Island, as well as New York, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, New Mexico, and California.
Coal-fired power plants are the largest source of mercury, generating 48 tons annually which ends up in fish and can cause brain damage in humans.
The EPA "cap-and-trade" rule allocates each state a limit on mercury emissions. States then allocate curbs on individual plant emissions, but power generators are allowed to purchase credits from peers.
The states said that cap-and-trade emission controls, while sometimes appropriate for air pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, are inappropriate for mercury because they can allow emissions to continue unabated near plants that choose not to cap them. The resulting "hot spots" can affect individual communities.
Eight states previously filed suit against a separate EPA rule published March 29 that removed power plants from the list of sources subject to stringent pollution controls. EPA announced both the delisting rule and the cap-and-trade rule on March 15.
The EPA maintains its program will reduce mercury emissions 70 percent. The states say the EPA could achieve levels three times lower by requiring similar caps at every coal-fired plant.


Today... Patchy fog this morning. Cloudy with a 50 percent chance of showers. Warmer with highs in the mid 60s. Temperature falling into the mid 50s this afternoon. West winds 15 to 20 mph with gusts up to 30 mph.
Tonight... Partly cloudy. Lows around 19. Northwest winds 10 to 15 mph.
Thursday... Partly sunny with a 20 percent chance of snow showers. Highs in the lower 30s. North winds around 10 mph in the morning, becoming light and variable.
Thursday Night... Partly cloudy. Lows around 12. Light and variable winds.
Friday... Rain likely or a chance of snow. Little or no snow accumulation. Highs in the upper 30s. Southeast winds around 10 mph. Chance of precipitation 60 percent.
Friday Night... Snow likely. Little or no snow accumulation. Lows around 30. Chance of snow 70 percent.
Saturday... Mostly cloudy with a chance of rain or snow showers. Highs around 40. Chance of precipitation 30 percent.
Saturday Night... Partly cloudy with a 30 percent chance of snow. Lows in the mid 20s.
Sunday... Rain or snow likely. Breezy with highs in the lower 40s. Chance of precipitation 70 percent.
Sunday Night... Mostly cloudy with a chance of snow or rain showers. Lows in the upper 20s. Chance of precipitation 50 percent.
Monday... Partly sunny with a chance of snow showers. Highs in the upper 30s. Chance of snow 50 percent.
Monday Night... Partly cloudy with a 30 percent chance of snow showers. Lows in the lower 20s.


Is the Philips air purifier worth it?
The Series 800 is a small and reliable air purification device. This device scored fantastic results in performance tests, but it is also very affordable to maintain, and has an air quality sensor.
How much does it cost to put in a whole house air purifier?
The average is more than a thousand dollars. There are a variety of factors that affect the cost of installing a whole-house air purification system. You can modify your home.
Does Philips air purifier work?
It captures pollutants, gas,bacteria, and more in its 3-layer filtration, which includes an active carbon filter and pre-filter. So that’s the dust, pet and pollen that’s sorted, because it has a virus and aerosol filtration of 99%.
What is the best air purifier price?
The price was 43,900. Extra 1700 off is available when you add the Replacement Filter to the cart.
Is it OK to leave air purifier on all night?
You shouldn’t turn off your air purifier when you’re not at work. It is recommended that you don’t switch off your air purifiers at any time of the day or night.
Is it OK to leave air purifier on all the time?
I wonder if it’s safe to leave an air purification device on all day. It’s a good idea to leave your air purifier on all the time. It’s important that you clean the filters at least once a month. The filters can be harmful to sensitive groups if they aren’t cleaned regularly.
Is there a downside to air purifiers?
Is there a downside to air purifiers? Aside from the financial investment, having an air purifier in your home is not a bad idea. Ozone can be generated by older models of ionizers, which can make asthma worse.
Can I wash Philips air purifier filters?
It’s a good idea to clean your Air Purifier’s pre-filter every month to make sure it works well.
Does Philips air purifier remove dust?
Up to 99% of harmful particles, from dust and allergens to aerosols and PM2, can be captured by the multi-stage filters in the air purifiers.
Do doctors recommend air purifiers?
There is a study that shows that indoor air filters improve respiratory health in people with asthma. Doctors don’t have long-term data that shows the benefits of air purification.
Can 1 air purifier do a whole house?
If you live alone or with one other person in a large home, there is only one air purifier that will work for you. If you have a separate kitchen, you will need a second one. If you have a lot of people in your home, you should buy an air purification device for each room.
Where is the best place to put an air purifier in the house?
It’s the best place to put an air purification device. The cleaner air has to travel before it reaches you if you are close to the unit. The air purifiers are usually put on a nightstand or small table in the bedroom.
Do you sleep better with an air purifier?
Is an air purifier good for sleeping? In May of this year, a study was conducted to see if changing the quality of air could improve sleep. Particles in the air are removed by air purifiers. There are cleaning devices that reduce allergic symptoms.
Does Philips air purifier remove smell?
The filters in the air purification units are designed to remove 99% of the particles. Particles like hair and dust can be captured by a pre-filter. Smoke and odours can be absorbed by the activated carbon filter.
Does Philips air purifier cool the room?
It is possible to keep you warm in the winter and cool off in the summer with the help of the 3-in-1 air purifiers. The purifier has a fan and a heating element.
What is the difference between an air purifier and a HEPA air purifier?
There is a big difference between the two technologies. The ionic type air purifiers have a lower filter efficiency than a HEPA type one. Ozone is a harmful gas that can damage lungs.
How much is an air purifier in HVAC system?
Depending on the system and installation requirements, a professionally installed electronic air filter can be as high as $4,000.
Do doctors recommend air purifiers?
People with asthma were found to have improved respiratory health thanks to indoor air filters. Doctors don’t have long-term data that shows the benefits of air purification.