2003 Weather Year in Review
Twenty-two tornadoes occurred across north and central Alabama which was 138% of normal, or slightly higher than the annual average of 16. All 22 tornadoes that touched down in 2003 where either F0 or F1 on the Fujita Scale. Although property damage was estimated in the millions, only 7 people suffered minor injuries. Forty-two tornadoes touched down across the state which was well above the normal of 22.
Of the 22 tornadoes which touched down in North and Central Alabama in 2003, 11 occurred on May 7th. However, all tornadoes were weak and caused minor damage. Large hail in Alabama is not uncommon but hail up to the size of softballs was reported across central Alabama on April 25th. Supercell thunderstorms produced several long paths of hail damage. Numerous homes and automobiles suffered significant damage across several central Alabama counties on this April day.
The central part of the state was well above rainfall normals for 2003. The first 8 months of rainfall for Birmingham totaled 55.77 inches which was an all time record as the wettest January through August. Birmingham received a record 17.23 inches of rain in the month of May, making it the third wettest month since records began in 1895. Not only did severe weather occur on May 7th, but Birmingham International Airport observed 5.71 inches of rainfall, which became a record for this day and also the fourth wettest day ever. Numerous rivers and creeks rose out of their banks and caused historic flooding in the Birmingham metro area as well as several other locations in central Alabama. Supercell thunderstorms produced isolated rainfall amounts of 12 inches or more in a short period of time. Damage was estimated at 1 billion dollars across central Alabama.
A cooler than normal summer resulted in no temperatures above 95 degrees in Birmingham and Anniston. In fact, Montgomery and Tuscaloosa recorded only one day with a temperature of 95 degrees and nothing above. However, the first part of November was very mild as temperature readings in the low to mid 80s were observed across north and central Alabama. Birmingham and Montgomery both recorded 3 high temperature records during the first week in November.
The coldest temperatures of the year were observed on January 24th. Birmingham and Anniston dipped down into the single digits with temperature readings of 7 and 8 degrees respectively. Tuscaloosa and Montgomery observed temperature readings in the teens. On March 31st, Birmingham and Montgomery observed 29 and 30 degrees respectively, becoming the only record low temperatures for these two locations in 2003.
The 2003 Atlantic Hurricane Season produced seven hurricanes and a total of sixteen named tropical systems. These totals were slightly above average. However, only one tropical system directly affected north and central Alabama. Tropical Storm Bill made landfall along the Louisiana Coast during the afternoon of June 30. The storm entered Terrebonne Parrish near Terrebonne Bay, west of Houma, and continued on a northeastward path. This brought the remnants of Tropical Storm Bill across central Alabama on July 1. Doppler radar estimated a large swath of 4 to 6 inch rainfall amounts across central Alabama, with isolated totals approaching 8 inches. Due to the heavy rain amounts over the previous couple of months, flash flooding was experienced in many counties. Several roadways in each county were temporarily impassable because of the high water. Numerous creeks and streams rose quickly and flowed out of their banks. In response to the saturated ground conditions and winds of 30 to 35 miles an hour, numerous trees were knocked down. Many of these trees landed on power lines causing some 19,000 customers to lose power. At least one automobile was destroyed by the falling trees and one roof was damaged. One man was rescued after he drove his vehicle into high water near Loachopoka in Lee County. A brief tornado also occurred near Pintlala in association with this tropical system.
Preliminary numbers for severe weather in 2003:
Additional tornado facts and information can be found on the Alabama Tornado Database Page.
Additional severe weather information can be found in the Alabama Storm Data Section.
Some specific facts for selected cities in North and Central Alabama:
Here are the top 5 yearly records for selected cities:
This table compares rainfall amounts from previous years with the current year.
The current year's data has a green background.
The 30 year averages are shown just below the current year's rainfall with a yellow background.
This table compares average temperatures from previous years with the current year.
The current year's data has a green background.
The 30 year averages are shown just below the current year's temperatures with a yellow background.
The following table shows the number of days the high or low temperature was equal or above/below a given temperature.
|Produced by Krissy Hurley and Mark Linhares.


A powerful winter storm, named Gia by The Weather Channel, pummeled parts of the Midwest on January 11 and 12, 2019, causing hundreds of road accidents, claiming lives of at least 9 people and leaving thousands stranded on roads. Gia will continue shifting east off the Carolina coast through January 13. Heavy snow will continue over portions of the Mid-Atlantic while freezing rain is expected for the western Carolinas into southern Virginia. The snow and ice will contribute to slick travel into tonight. Meanwhile, several storm systems will batter the West Coast over the next week with heavy rain, mountain snow and rough surf.
The storm dumped snow and ice on parts of the Midwest, causing significant traffic disruptions. Between 15 – 30 cm (6 and 12 inches) was registered from Kansas City to St. Louis and Indianapolis, the worst affected region. Some areas here received up to 41 cm (18 inches), AccuWeather senior meteorologist Alex Sosnowski reports.
There is a chance this storm enters the list of top five snowstorms on record for the Gateway to the West, he said.
Traffic in St. Louis metro area was brought to a standstill, with hundreds of motorists stranded for hours and accidents reported due to snowfall and slick roads. At the same time, ice accumulations downed trees and power lines, causing power outages.
Adam Dylewski, a St. Louis resident, told The New York Times he spent more than 3 hours on the road on Friday night after trying to get from one urgent care center to another for his job as a physician assistant. He said there were countless cars spinning their wheels, fruitlessly trying to get up modest hills, and he saw several drivers abandon their cars in search of help.
"It looked like I was in some sort of apocalyptic natural disaster movie where people were trying to flee," Dylewski said.
As of 14:00 local time, Saturday, January 12, the Missouri State Highway Patrol reported 3 918 calls for service, 1 790 stranded motorists, 878 vehicle crashes, 57 injuries and 4 fatalities.
At least 9 people died on the roads, including a state trooper in Illinois, before the storm moved out of the region, authorities said.
Most of the snow fell on Montgomery City, MO – 51 cm (20 inches).
As of 17:00 UTC on January 13, there are 143 321 customers without power in North Carolina, 57 435 in Missouri, 36 583 in Virginia and 27 601 in Kansas.
The main weather event making headlines through the remainder of the weekend will be the ongoing winter storm across the eastern U.S., NWS forecaster Hamrick noted.
With the occluded over Tennessee weakening Sunday morning, a new surface low is developing near the southeast U.S. coast, and this will result in enhanced precipitation across much of the mid-Atlantic region and extending southward across the Carolinas.
Winter storm warnings are in effect from western North Carolina to the DelMarVa region for various winter weather impacts.
Areas across central and northern Virginia into Maryland have the potential of 13 – 26 cm (5 to 10 inches) of snow by Sunday night, with locally higher amounts possible.
Significant sleet and freezing rain is expected across southwest Virginia and western North Carolina, with ice accretion perhaps exceeding a quarter inch for some areas.
There will likely be severe disruptions to travel along with the potential for power outages, particularly for those areas that get significant icing.
Warmer temperatures over central/eastern North Carolina and into southeast Virginia will keep this event mostly a cold rain.
Elsewhere across the continental U.S., a storm system over the eastern Pacific will approach southern California on Monday, January 14 and result in enhanced rainfall for parts of central and southern California through Monday night as a result, with some rainfall totals in the 25 – 50 mm (1 to 2 inches) range for the coastal mountain ranges.
Dry conditions are expected from the Pacific Northwest to the central U.S. with a large surface high governing the weather pattern. Most of New England should also remain dry as the winter storm stays south of that region.
Featured image credit: MSHP General HQ
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Water Cycle Helper
BY: Annie Waite Kloe Ward
Evaporation is the heating of a liquid and it turning it into a gas. The water gets its heat source from the sun and rises up to the sky.
Condensation is the cooling of a gas and it turning back into a liquid. Once the heated gas reached a cool point in the atmosphere it cooled down to a liquid.
Precipitation is the falling of a liquid from the atmosphere. Once enough gas condensates, the cloud cant hold anymore weight so it releases the water into the atmosphere. (Also known as rain, snow, or hail)
Filtration is the absorbing of water into the soil and filtering it after precipitation. After rain falls, precipitation, the soil takes the water in and filters it through the soil.
Transpiration is the loosing of water through plants. After the lost of water it then evaporates and the cycle starts over from there.


Snow, Sleet and Freezing Rain
The Metro Area is often on the borderline between snow, sleet, freezing rain and rain when winter storms take shape. Depending on the storm track, we could see all snow, all rain or a wintry mix. This is because of the unique geography that exists in the Mid-Atlantic Region.
The truth is all precipitation falls from the clouds as ice crystals where temperatures are cold enough to support ice. In a "normal" atmosphere the temperature gets colder as you increase altitude. So in this case, the column of air that extends from the cloud to the ground remains below freezing the entire distance than the ice crystals will fall as snow. Even when surface temperatures are above freezing snow will still fall under the above circumstances. Snow is the easiest to deal with since it can be both plowed and shoveled.
If a portion of the column of air between the cloud and the ground is above freezing, than that presents a new host of problems. If there is a narrow column of air above freezing just above the ground, where temperatures are below freezing, than the ice crystals - or snowflakes - melt into raindrops but then freeze again when they come into contact with the ground creating freezing rain.
If the column of air with above freezing temperatures is higher above the ground than the flakes melt into water droplets and then refreeze into sleet before hitting the ground. Sleet can accumulate like snow, but tends to be heavier than snow because the water content is higher which suppresses accumulations. So, freezing rain falls as a liquid and freezes on contact with the ground, trees, power lines etc and sleet falls as a little ball of ice that bounces off your windshield.


Eastern Europe was struggling on Thursday to deal with the consequences of extreme heat and drought, with forest fires causing evacuations in France and Italian farmers losing up to 80% of their harvest due to severe drought.
Firefighting planes from Greece and Sweden will arrive in France on Thursday, while other EU governments, including Germany, Poland, Austria and Romania, are also mobilizing resources to help France fight its raging forest fires, the report announced. French government.
“Today we fully benefit from European solidarity,” Borne told reporters during a visit to the town of Hostens, in the heart of the fires in the Gironde region of southwestern France. More than half of this year’s fires occurred in the Gironde.
A total of four planes from Greece and Sweden are expected to arrive in France today, as well as a team of 64 people and 24 vehicles from Germany, according to the Elysee Palace.
The Gironde fires have burned more than 6,800 hectares of forest and almost 1,100 firefighters are involved with more on the way. As of Thursday morning, 10,000 people have been evacuated from the area, according to the regional authority.
“The conditions are particularly difficult: the vegetation and the soil are particularly dry after more than a month without rain. Scorching temperatures (40°C today) (104°F) are expected to continue through Saturday and combine with very dry air to create very severe fire outbreak risk conditions,” according to the statement.
Forest fires in France have been especially violent this summer, ravaging the southern and southwestern parts of the country and also appearing in the Normandy and Brittany regions, further north than usual.
Fires have burned 41,400 hectares in France since June 10, a big increase compared to the 2,040 hectares lost in the same period last year, the press office of the French Interior Ministry’s civil security department told CNN.
In Italy, farmers in some parts of the country have lost up to 80% of their harvest this year due to severe weather anomalies, the Coldretti agricultural association said on Thursday.
The drought has meant that the ground has been unable to absorb rain in recent storms, leading to flooding and mudslides, according to Coldretti.
The hail was “the most serious climatic event due to the irreversible damage it caused to crops,” the association said, adding that “in a few minutes it is capable of destroying a whole year’s work.”
The agricultural association estimates the damage to exceed 6 billion euros ($6.2 billion), equivalent to 10% of Italy’s annual agricultural output.
Elsewhere in the Mediterranean, Spain’s national weather agency AEMET has warned of high temperatures across Spain as the heat wave continues on the peninsula.
Heat advisories are in effect in several parts of the country for Thursday, with the highest concentration of affected communities in the northeastern regions of Spain near the border with France.
Temperatures are expected to rise to 40C, according to AEMET.
Most of the country is covered by heat warnings for Friday with maximum temperatures above 40 degrees Celsius expected in the north-east and south of Spain.
The UK is also suffering from another week of high temperatures, with the Met Office issuing an “amber extreme heat warning” on Tuesday.
“The extreme heat warning, which covers much of the southern half of England as well as parts of eastern Wales, will be in effect from Thursday until the end of Sunday with possible health, transport and infrastructure impacts,” Met Office said. in a sentence.
Temperatures are expected to peak on Friday and Saturday and are “likely” to reach 30 degrees Celsius (86 to 95 degrees Fahrenheit), according to the statement.
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While on Tuesday clouds will dominate, the sun is most likely on Wednesday. But snow will fall on Tuesday. The temperature rises from 5 degrees on Tuesday to 9 degrees on Wednesday. On Tuesday a fresh wind from the north.
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|Nearby Forecast Locations - Faith||Distance|


It's beginning to look a lot like winter across parts of the north-central United States as a snowstorm targets millions of Americans. The wintry mix is spreading to areas much farther south, including some that typically don't pick up snow until much later in the season.
With this storm coming on the heels of recent winterlike weather that shattered a 115-year-old snowfall record in the Twin Cities, residents across the Plains and Upper Midwest may check their calendars twice to make sure it's still October.
The Washington Cascades as well as the mountains across the interior Northwest were first in line Friday as snow expanded southward from southern British Columbia. Those who attempted to travel across some of the mountain passes Friday afternoon and night -- especially on the eastern-facing slopes of the Washington Cascades and into the northern Rockies -- were faced with dangerous travel conditions as heavy, wet snow fell.
Progressing through the nighttime hours on Friday, the snow continued to expand to the south and east, spreading into Montana, Idaho and Wyoming. On Saturday, Helena, Montana, had already reported over 20 inches of snow by 4:30 p.m. MDT. Potomac, Garnet, Montana City and Drummond were following close behind with snowfall totals ranging from 18-19 inches by 4:30 p.m.
As the evening persists for the mountainous area, snowfall totals of more than 2 feet will be possible, providing a hefty early-season snowpack for people itching to hit the ski slopes.
Temperatures tumbled on Saturday to the lowest levels so far this season, and in some cases, shattered their daily records. Billings, Montana, fell to 16 degrees F on Saturday morning, breaking the previous record of 19 degrees for that day set in 1976. On Friday, Idaho Fall, Idaho, fell to 13 with a previous record of 16 set in 1980 and Casper, Wyoming, broke their previous daily record of 11 in 1984 with -5.
Spokane, Washington, shattered its snowfall record for that day on Saturday with nearly 8 inches of snow, while the previous record was 0.2 inches in 1957.
"Cold air will continue to steadily march southward through the early part of the week with many areas seeing records challenged once again," AccuWeather Meteorologist Maxwell Gawryla said. "As significantly below-average temperatures remain in place, many more records will likely be broken through the first half of the week."
Snow continued to advance southeastward through the day on Saturday, into Wyoming, as well as the High Plains of Montana and the Dakotas, although snow totals remained lower throughout the other states.
Blowing and drifting snow on Saturday morning led to poor visibility and snowy roads across North Central and Southwest Montana that lasted through the day, the National Weather Service warned.
As of 10AM, snow continues to fall across the area. This is resulting in very poor visibility and snow-covered roads. Snow should begin to dissipate across the area late this morning, but areas of blowing/drifting snow could continue to result in poor conditions through evening. pic.twitter.com/3edCgkaFEZ
— NWS Great Falls (@NWSGreatFalls) October 24, 2020
Minneapolis has had quite the stretch of winterlike conditions this October, with just over 8 inches of snow already observed.If the city picks up just 0.20 of an inch of snow from this storm, a new monthly snowfall record for October will be set. And the city is expected to shatter that record with 1-3 inches of new snow expected by the end of the weekend.
In Billings, Montana, the lowest temperature ever recorded on Oct. 25 was 18 degrees Fahrenheit set in 1997, but the high temperature on Sunday may not even reach this benchmark. This will be followed up by a low temperature on Sunday night within a few degrees of zero F.
The same can be said for Casper, Wyoming, with the low temperature on Sunday night expected not only to shatter the current record for the date but also come within a few ticks of the all-time lowest temperature recorded in the month of October.
The panhandles of Texas and Oklahoma are no strangers to snowy and icy conditions, but this impending storm system would prove to be unusual given the time of year. However, what may be even more unusual is that these locales also had an October snowstorm last year, when places like Amarillo picked up nearly a half of a foot of snow.
"From northeastern New Mexico to Iowa, 1-3 inches are expected," Gawryla said. "Additionally, at higher elevations from central Colorado into Nebraska, significantly higher amounts of up to 6-12 inches are possible. The highest accumulations will be at the highest elevations in the Rockies."
Snow and ice could cause major disruptions to the Monday morning commute all the way from Kansas City to Albuquerque.
Portions of the drought-stricken Southwest may also get their first bouts of precipitation in weeks as the storm continues to dive southward by next Monday. Residents of Flagstaff, Arizona, could even see snowflakes fly early next week.
The storm's snowfall area will continue to spread out during the day on Sunday, expanding into the Plains and even portions of the Midwest. North Platte, Nebraska, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and even places as far east as Minneapolis could get snow during the day on Sunday.
The snow on the ground paired with a biting wind will allow AccuWeather RealFeel® Temperatures to drop to near or below zero degrees F throughout the day on Sunday from Montana to Colorado, including Denver.
This will make for the coldest NFL game so far this season as the Denver Broncos host the Kansas City Chiefs on Sunday afternoon. The few fans that will be in attendance due to the pandemic will want to bundle up with AccuWeather RealFeel® Temperatures forecast to plunge to near zero at times during the game.
Players and the limited number of fans being permitted at Sunday's NFL football game between Kansas City and Denver will have to brace for bitterly cold, blustery and snowy conditions. The AccuWeather RealFeel® Temperature is expected to hover between a harsh 5 and 10 degrees Fahrenheit during the matchup.
The snow, wind and extremely cold conditions could be a major issue for crews battling the East Troublesome Fire, which has grown to become the second-largest wildfire in Colorado history. The fire is burning the northern Colorado Rockies and has forced several communities to evacuate and Rocky Mountain National Park to be closed.
Even though the snow may help to slow the spread of the fire, it could make it even more difficult for ground crews with more than a foot of snow in the forecast for the Colorado Rockies.
Keep checking back on AccuWeather.com and stay tuned to the AccuWeather Network on DirecTV, Frontier and Verizon Fios.


Tropical Storm Maria was upgraded to a category one hurricane force on Sunday by the US National Hurricane Center.
The storm is currently following roughly the same path as Irma.
As a result, hurricane warnings have been issued for the US and British Virgin Islands, as well as Puerto Rico.
They were all hit by Hurricane Irma - the category five storm which left at least 37 people dead and caused billions of dollars worth of damage - earlier this month.
France has also issued a hurricane warning for its territory of Guadeloupe.


Daytime is relatively hot since temperatures get higher than 28 degrees, while the nights are much colder and there are no more than 14 degrees. Map showing location of Las Vegas (35.59393, -105.2239). With more than 300 days of sunshine every year, weather in Las Vegas is perfect for your vacation plans. The climate in Las Vegas during October can be summarized as mild and dry. The climate in Las Vegas during October can be summarized as mild and dry. On the flip side this corresponds to an average of 9.5 hours of sunshine per day. Daytime maximum temperatures average around a cool 19°C (66°F), whilst at night 1°C (34°F) is normal. Be prepared with the most accurate 10-day forecast for Las Vegas, NV with highs, lows, chance of precipitation from The Weather Channel and Weather.com As such they are a valid prediction of what to expect for the weather in October 2020. On average October is the 6th wettest month of the year in Las Vegas with around 28mm 1.1 inches of rain making it a dry time to visit. The weather in Las Vegas in October varies radically. The temperature changes from a pleasant sweetness to a comfortable warmth during the hours just after daybreak. Therefore, it is recommended to pack for both warm and chilly conditions. Las Vegas Weather in October - Temperature, Rainfall & Sunshine. Daytime maximum temperatures average around a cool 19°C (66°F), whilst at night 1°C (34°F) is normal. View the latest Las Vegas weather forecast online. This post covers things to do during October in Las Vegas, including family-friendly, nighttime, and free or cheap activities. The average maximum temperature lies around 27.0°C (80.6°F). Average Weather during October in Las Vegas (Nevada), United States of America. Fold-down rain ponchos and collapsible umbrellas help you dodge the .25 inches of precipitation Vegas averages in October. Las Vegas in the Middle of October Look great, even if October weather changes like a day at the craps table. Avg Temp. This rainfall is typically spread over 5 days, although this may vary considerably. October is a dry month with an average of 5mm (0.2in) rain. The average minimum temperature (usually the minimum temperature is noted during the night) in Las Vegas in October is 15.0°C (59°F). October is in the fall / autumn in Las Vegas and is typically the 6th warmest month of the year. The weather in Las Vegas is part of what makes our town a top vacation destination. October is in the fall / autumn in Las Vegas and is typically the 6th warmest month of the year. The data used in these monthly averages covers a period of over 100 years right up until last year. Daytime is relatively hot since temperatures get higher than 28 degrees, while the nights are much colder and there are no more than 14 degrees. Check How Hot & Sunny It Is Before You Book Your Next Holiday in 2020 to Las Vegas, Nevada - USA Use the Las Vegas weather information below to plan your upcoming vacation. Then, for the rest of the day, one can enjoy the quality of the weather in Las Vegas throughout October to relax by practicing one's favorite activities. The weather in Las Vegas in October varies radically. Therefore, it is recommended to pack for both warm and chilly conditions, * The warmest temperature recorded in in October is 38°C, * The coldest temperature recorded in Las Vegas in October is 2°C, * The average rainfall in Las Vegas in October is 8 mm, Full weather report for today ››, Weather forecast for the next 14 days ››. Las Vegas at the Beginning of October.
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The following changes or enhancements were made to the mesoscale ensemble
component of the prototype MDSS:
1) Ensemble Configuration: Updated the selection of models, the model output
frequency, the run schedule, and the output products. The MM5 and WRF models
were included in 2004. Also, FSL's Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) experimental
model runs (which are separate from those RUC runs conducted by NOAA's
National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)) were included.
2) System Stability: Made changes to the scripts for the ensemble modeling system
in order to make the software system more robust.
MDSS Display Application
The following enhancements were made to the MDSS display application:
1) Digital Values: Provided digital values to the state and route view graphics.
2) System Reset: Added ability of the users to reset the road conditions (road snow
depth = 0 and chemical concentration = 0) for each route or all routes via the user
3) RWIS Observations: Added ability to view the most current road temperature data
from RWIS stations via the display interface.
4) Dynamic Range: Added dynamic range code for the time-series parameters to
reduce the chance of having data go out of range.
5) Historical View: Designed a way to view recent history (~6 hrs) on the display so
that more than just the latest 48-hrs is viewable.
6) Display Summary Page: Users indicated that they needed a quick-look summary
page of weather and road variables for each forecast period for each plow route.
Summary page products include maximum and minimum predicted air and road
temperatures, total new snow accumulation, and an indication of conditional
7) Blowing Snow Potential: Created a treatment recommendation alert graphic on
treatment page when blowing snow conditions were likely.


MIAMI (AP) – Forecasters say a tropical depression that has formed far out in the Atlantic Ocean is expected to strengthen into a tropical storm on Thursday.
While most eyes were on Tropical Storm Isaac in the Caribbean Sea late Wednesday, the National Hurricane Center in Miami says the most recent tropical depression is about 1045 miles (1682 kilometers) west of the Cape Verde islands.
It has top sustained winds of 35 mph (56 kph) and is moving west-northwest at 17 mph (27 kph). It is expected to continue on that course through Friday, possibly veering east of Florida but nearing Bermuda by Monday night.
(Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


8/16/2007, 8:13 a.m. CDT
By ELIZABETH WHITE
The Associated Press
CORPUS CHRISTI, Texas (AP) -- Tropical Storm Erin made landfall Thursday morning and brought rain to the Texas Gulf Coast even as it was downgraded to a tropical depression.
Erin came ashore at Copano Bay, about 25 miles northeast of Corpus Christi.
Though the wind speed dropped to 35 mph, the storm was still expected to bring 3 to 6 inches of rain across much of central and southern Texas. Up to 10 inches of rain were forecast in some areas.
The storm did not keep customers away from the Bayside Express convenience store in Seadrift, a fishing town 60 miles northeast of Corpus Christi, said clerk Jamie Hartman.
"It's just raining real hard and blowing real hard," she said Thursday morning. "There's not really any flooding, but I've had some people tell me that saw some trees lifted up."
Erin formed late Tuesday as the fifth depression of the Atlantic hurricane season and was upgraded to a tropical storm Wednesday when its maximum sustained speed hit 40 mph. The threshold for tropical storm status is 39 mph.


Weather forecast and temperature for today - Friday, Aug 12.
- Wind: 6mph S
- Humidity: 73%
- Precip. probability: 3%
- Precipitation: 0"
- UV index: 0
In East Irvine, for the rest of Friday, a cloudless sky and mostly clear weather are expected.
The lowest temperature will be a pleasant 68°F (20°C).
Sunrise was at 6:11 am and sunset at 7:40 pm; the daylight lasted for 13h and 29min.


On Sunday morning, the deepest snow at the observation stations is in Sigulda, where the height of the snow layer has increased to 38 centimeters, according to the data of the Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Center (LEGMC).
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In Saulkrasti, Cēsis, Ogre, Līvāni and Rēzekne counties, the thickness of the snow cover is 27-29 centimeters, in Rīga – 25 centimeters in the city center and 28 centimeters in Daugavgrīva, in most of the country – between 10 and 25 centimeters.
It has already been reported that snow thickness measurements at LEGMC observation stations are automated and performed at one point, so data from the meteorological station may not reflect the actual situation in the area. Due to the snowfall, the thickness of the snow cover is uneven, and weather stations are often located in the open, which is exposed to more wind.
On Sunday morning the sky is mostly cloudy, there are fewer clouds in Kurzeme and North Vidzeme. There is light snow in many parts of the country. The wind is blowing slowly to moderate from the east, northeast.
Air temperature from -1 ..- 3 degrees in the part of Kurzeme to -8 ..- 10 degrees in the north of Vidzeme.
Cloudy morning in Riga, light snow, east wind, northeast wind 3-5 meters per second, air temperature -5 ..- 6 degrees.
The maximum air temperature in the middle of the day on Saturday in the LEGMC observation network was from +0.2 degrees in Liepaja to -9.4 degrees in Rūjiena.
The highest air temperature in Europe on December 4 was +22 degrees in the south of Spain. Lowest night air on Sunday -34 ..- 36 degrees in the north of Scandinavia and Russia.


Filters aren’t just for Instagram anymore; the Cassini orbiter snapped this wide-angle shot of Saturn using an infrared filter to help scientists get a better look at clouds in the gas giant’s atmosphere.
The filter used in the shot is sensitive to the wavelengths of light reflected by methane. There’s not a lot of methane in Saturn’s atmosphere, but there’s enough to effect how much light the clouds reflect. The darker areas of the image are clouds lower in Saturn’s atmosphere, and the lighter areas are clouds at higher altitudes. That data will help scientists map vertical motion in Saturn’s atmosphere.
Cassini took this image from 930,000 miles away, and the scale of the full-sized image is about 55 miles to a pixel.
Contact the author at firstname.lastname@example.org or follow her on Twitter.


Organizational-wide Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory
September 19, 2023
PROJECT NAME: City of Muskegon Organizational-wide Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory
DATE OF ISSUANCE: September 19, 2023
DATE PROPOSAL DUE: October 10th, 2023
In April 2023, the Muskegon City Commission passed a resolution declaring the city’s commitment to climate action initiatives and to combat the impact of climate change on our community and planet. The city seeks to reduce the risks of climate change by implementing actions that save money, improve productivity, and lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The city intends to reduce its organizational GHG emissions through deliberative budget, policy, and administrative actions. The City Commission is directing an organizational-wide Greenhouse Gas Inventory to be delivered to the Commission by January 2024 which will be used by the city to set target reductions with the goal of eliminating the organization’s GHG emissions by 2040.
Therefore, the City of Muskegon is seeking proposals from qualified firms to conduct an organizational-wide Greenhouse Gas Inventory. Results of the inventory will be used by the city to manage GHG risks and identify reduction opportunities as well as participate in voluntary or mandatory GHG programs.


The United States is one of the world’s worst emitters of carbon dioxide. A recent study conducted by three Americans found that the country’s emissions are much higher than previously thought.
The study, which was published in the journal Science, used satellite data to track carbon dioxide emissions from all over the world. It found that the United States emits 2.5 times more carbon dioxide than China, even though China has a population that is four times larger.
The study also found that the United States is responsible for about one-fifth of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions. This is despite the fact that the United States only makes up about 4 percent of the global population.
These findings are alarming, and they underscore the need for the United States to take action to reduce its emissions. The Trump administration has been hostile to climate change mitigation efforts, but the rest of the country must continue to push for action.
The good news is that there are many ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Some of these include investing in renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, and improving energy efficiency.
The United States must also do its part to help developing countries reduce their emissions. This will be crucial if we are to meet the Paris Agreement targets and avoid the worst effects of climate change.
The study’s authors say that the findings are a “wake-up call” and that the United States needs to do more to address its carbon dioxide emissions. We couldn’t agree more.
- 1 What are the 3 major contributors to the rise of carbon emissions?
- 2 What are the biggest contributors to carbon emissions in the US?
- 3 What is the USA’s contribution to carbon emission?
- 4 Who discovered carbon footprint?
- 5 What are the top 3 sources of greenhouse gas emissions?
- 6 What are the top 3 sources for methane emissions?
- 7 What are the 5 main contributors to carbon footprint?
What are the 3 major contributors to the rise of carbon emissions?
There are many factors that have contributed to the rise of carbon emissions, but three of the most significant are the increase in the use of fossil fuels, deforestation, and the burning of biomass.
Fossil fuels are fuels that are made from the remains of plants and animals that have been buried underground for millions of years. They include coal, oil, and natural gas, and over the past two hundred years, their use has grown exponentially. The main reason for this is that they are incredibly efficient at producing energy.
Deforestation is the clearing of trees from an area of land. This can be done for a number of reasons, such as to make way for agriculture or to create new land. When trees are cleared, the carbon they have stored is released into the atmosphere. Deforestation is a major contributor to carbon emissions, and it is estimated that it accounts for around 20% of global emissions.
The burning of biomass is the burning of organic matter, such as wood, coal, or gas. This is a major contributor to carbon emissions, and it is estimated that it accounts for around 26% of global emissions. Biomass can be burned for a variety of purposes, such as to produce energy or heat, or to dispose of waste.
What are the biggest contributors to carbon emissions in the US?
The United States is one of the biggest emitters of carbon dioxide in the world. In fact, the United States contributes about 15 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions.
There are a number of factors that contribute to carbon emissions in the United States. The biggest contributors are:
The transportation sector is the biggest contributor to carbon emissions in the United States. Cars and trucks account for the majority of emissions from the transportation sector. The production of cars and trucks, as well as the burning of gasoline and diesel, all produce carbon dioxide.
2. Electricity Production
Electricity production is the second biggest contributor to carbon emissions in the United States. The majority of electricity in the United States is produced by burning coal and natural gas. These fuels produce carbon dioxide when burned.
The industrial sector is the third biggest contributor to carbon emissions in the United States. Manufacturing and processing activities produce a lot of carbon dioxide.
What is the USA’s contribution to carbon emission?
The United States of America is one of the world’s leading contributors to carbon emissions, with a total of 5,144 million metric tons of CO2 released into the atmosphere in 2009, according to the EPA. This figure is a result of the USA’s reliance on fossil fuels for energy production, as well as the high levels of industrialization and urbanization in the country.
The main sources of carbon emissions in the USA are the burning of coal and oil for electricity and transportation, respectively. The USA is the world’s largest producer and consumer of oil, and the second-largest producer of coal, after China. These fuels are responsible for the majority of the country’s carbon emissions, as well as its air pollution and climate change.
In addition to the emissions from burning fossil fuels, the USA also releases large amounts of CO2 from deforestation and other land-use changes. Deforestation in the USA has decreased in recent years, but remains a significant source of carbon emissions.
The USA has made some efforts to reduce its carbon emissions in recent years, most notably through the enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 and the Energy Policy Act of 2005. However, much more needs to be done to reduce the country’s reliance on fossil fuels and address the impacts of climate change.
Who discovered carbon footprint?
The term “carbon footprint” was first coined in the late 1990s by British environmentalist and author, L. J. “Gus” Speth. He used it to describe the environmental impact of human activity on the planet.
Since then, the term has become more widely used, and is now commonly used to describe the amount of greenhouse gases a person or organization produces.
A person’s carbon footprint is measured in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) they produce. This is done by calculating the amount of CO2 emitted from the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, that are used to generate energy.
A person’s carbon footprint can also be affected by other activities, such as the manufacture of goods and the use of transportation.
The carbon footprint of an organization is measured in the same way as a person’s, but it also includes the CO2 emitted from the burning of fossil fuels used to generate energy for the organization’s operations.
Organizations can also have a carbon footprint from the manufacture of their goods and the use of transportation.
What are the top 3 sources of greenhouse gas emissions?
Greenhouse gas emissions are a leading cause of climate change, and they come from a variety of sources. Here are the top three sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States:
1. Electricity production
Electricity production is the number one source of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. The EPA reports that in 2012, power plants accounted for 33% of all greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. The majority of these emissions come from the burning of coal and natural gas to produce electricity.
Transportation is the second largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. Cars and trucks account for 28% of all emissions, and planes and trains account for another 5%. The biggest culprits here are gasoline and diesel fuel, which release carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere.
Manufacturing is the third largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. This sector accounts for 24% of emissions, and the biggest contributors are chemicals, metals, and paper production. Many of these emissions come from the use of fossil fuels in manufacturing processes.
What are the top 3 sources for methane emissions?
Methane is the primary component of natural gas, and it is also a potent greenhouse gas. Methane emissions come from a variety of sources, and they account for a significant proportion of global greenhouse gas emissions. In this article, we will take a close look at the top three sources of methane emissions.
The first source of methane emissions is natural gas systems. Methane emissions from natural gas systems arise from leaks and venting. Leaks can occur during the production, processing, and distribution of natural gas, and venting occurs when gas is released from pipelines, compressor stations, and other facilities.
The second source of methane emissions is landfills. Methane emissions from landfills come from the decomposition of trash. In addition to methane, landfills also release carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen oxides.
The third source of methane emissions is agriculture. Methane emissions from agriculture come from a variety of sources, including livestock, manure, rice cultivation, and landfills. Livestock are the primary source of methane emissions from agriculture, and manure is the primary source of methane emissions from livestock.
What are the 5 main contributors to carbon footprint?
When it comes to reducing your carbon footprint, it’s important to know where you can make the biggest impact. Here are the five main contributors to carbon emissions:
The transportation sector is responsible for about one-quarter of all carbon emissions, making it the largest contributor to our carbon footprints. The biggest culprits are automobiles and airplanes, which account for more than half of transportation emissions.
Producing and using energy is responsible for about one-fifth of carbon emissions. The biggest contributors are electricity generation, manufacturing, and heating and cooling buildings.
The food sector is responsible for about one-seventh of carbon emissions. The main contributors are raising livestock and growing crops.
Waste accounts for about one-seventh of carbon emissions. The main contributors are landfills and incineration.
Buildings account for about one-seventh of carbon emissions. The main contributors are heating and cooling buildings and producing construction materials.


A haze of smoke and urban pollution over Melbourne and Geelong is likely to hang around into the weekend, posing health risks for vulnerable Victorians.
The Environment Protection Authority says the poor air quality is a result of a build up of wood heater smoke and other pollution with no wind to blow it away.
And with calm weather forecast on Saturday, the not-so-fresh air will likely stick around over the two cities.
"Due to weather conditions, pollution is likely to linger over the weekend," the EPA warned on Friday.
"If you are sensitive to poor air quality you should limit prolonged or heavy physical activity and where possible you should try to stay indoors."
The pollution may aggravate heart and lung conditions and cause irritated eyes, coughing and wheezing.
Children, pregnant women, people with existing heart and lung conditions and those over 65 are most vulnerable.
Asthmatics are advised to carry puffers and follow asthma management plans.
The build up of "PM2.5" particles in the air is partially because more Victorians are firing up their wood heaters during the wintry weather.
These fine particles are up to 30 times smaller than the width of a human hair.
In November, nine people died and thousands were hospitalised in Victoria because of the world's worst recorded thunderstorm asthma event.
© AAP 2017


India saw its hottest March in 122 years which has significantly reduced the yield of the (Rabi)harvested crop.
Wheat is a temperature-sensitive crop that requires a cool temperature, especially in March when it is at its final stage. Extreme dry and hot weather prior to wheat harvest causes a condition known as terminal-heat stress, which wilts crops. The extreme heat in March and April has increased the shriveled grain percentage from six percent set by the Food Corporation of India to 12-20 percent.
Also, the climate crisis due to human activity is affecting many weather systems in every region across the globe, said the landmark Code Red scientific report released in August 2021 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. India will suffer more frequent and intense heatwaves, the report by the United Nations body of climate experts predicted.
Moreover Western disturbances, specifically the ones in winter, bring moderate to heavy rain in low-lying areas and heavy snow to mountainous areas of the Indian Subcontinent.They are the cause of most winter and pre-monsoon season rainfall across northwest India. Precipitation during the winter season has great importance in agriculture, particularly for the rabi crops.
In the absence of western disturbances, unfavorable weather conditions are experienced by wheat during the grain formation stage during the month of March. But the arrival of western disturbances contributes positively to grain yield by modifying the weather conditions particularly at the grain formation stage. It may contribute negatively when the intensity and duration of western disturbances increases.
LEARNING FROM HOME/ WITHOUT CLASSES/BASICS
CLIMATE CHANGE: Climate change refers to any change in climate over time whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity. The term is commonly used interchangeably with global warming and green house effects and refers to increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that traps sun’s heat causes changes in weather pattern on a global scale.
Greenhouse gases allow sunlight (shortwave radiation) to pass through the atmosphere freely, where it is then partially absorbed by the surface of the Earth. Greenhouse gases are able to trap heat (longwave radiation) in the atmosphere, keeping the Earth’s surface warmer than it would be if they were not present. These gases are the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. Increases in the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere enhances the greenhouse effect which is creating global warming and consequently climate change.
The principal forcing greenhouse gases are:
Carbon dioxide (CO2); Methane (CH4); Nitrous oxide (N2O); Fluorinated gases
Western Disturbances(WD) are low-pressure areas, extratropical storm originating ,embedded in the Westerlies, the planetary winds that blow from west to east between 30 and 60° latitude. They originate in the Mediterranean region, travel westward and enter India loaded with moisture, where the Himalayas obstruct them, causing rain and snow over northern India. The moisture in these storms usually originates over the Mediterranean sea and Atlantic Ocean. WDs are important to the development of the Rabi crop in the northern subcontinent
They gradually travel across the middle-east from Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan to enter the Indian sub-continent. Western Disturbances are low pressure systems, embedded in western winds (westerlies) that flow from west to the east.
The disturbance travels from the “western” to the eastern direction. Disturbance means an area of “disturbed” or reduced air pressure. Equilibrium exists in nature due to which the air in a region tries to normalise its pressure. In the term “extra-tropical storm”, storm refers to low pressure. “Extra-tropical” means outside the tropics. As the WD originates outside the tropical region, the word “extra-tropical” has been associated with them.


Hurricane Harvey was upgraded to a Category 4 storm on Friday.
Harvey, which will be the first major storm to hit the U.S. since 2005, is gathering strength as it head up to the south coasts of Texas and Louisiana from the Gulf of Mexico.
It is expected to cause extreme damage and flooding.
A Category 4 storm, according to the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, is considered a "major" hurricane and has sustained winds between 130 miles per hour and 156 mph.
The National Hurricane Center, says a Category 4 hurricane has the potential to cause "catastrophic damage to occur."
"Power outages will last weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months," the National Hurricane Center website explains.
Harvey is expected to make landfall on Friday evening or Saturday morning.
President Trump tweeted that the Huricane is "getting much bigger and more powerful than projected."
During the White House press briefing on Friday, homeland security adviser Tom Bossert said that Trump is prepared to use all the resources the White House has to offer to help the affected states. He also said "now is not the time to lose faith in your government institutions."


Peter Aldhous, San Francisco bureau chief
Swollen by heavy rain and snowmelt from far upstream, the Lower Mississippi River has risen to record heights at several of the gauges put in place to monitor its levels. In the graphic below, you can explore how this year compares to previous major floods.
Roll over the stream gauges plotted on the map to see bar charts comparing the highest recorded floods with peak levels seen both this year and in 1993, when a catastrophic flood engulfed the Upper Mississippi and Missouri River basins, causing some $15 billion in damage. The bottom graph gives the heights of the record floods seen at each gauge.


Submitted to: Meeting Proceedings
Publication Type: Proceedings
Publication Acceptance Date: 4/19/2005
Publication Date: 4/19/2005
Citation: Hatfield, J.L., Pfeiffer, R.L. 2005. Evaluation of technologies for ambient air monitoring at concentrated animal feeding operations. Proceedings of the Air Quality Meeting of Air and Waste Management Association. CD-ROM. April 19-21, San Francisco, California. Interpretive Summary:
Technical Abstract: Air quality surrounding concentrated animal feeding operations is becoming of increasing concern to nearby residents and regional air quality regulators. Animal feeding operations are unlike other sources of air quality constituents because of their variability in emission rate and differences in management among similar units. Studies have been conducted on the ambient ammonia concentrations from a swine feeding operation throughout the complete production cycle of grow-finish pigs. These data collected at various positions surrounding the facility showed a 10-fold variation in concentration. Additional studies on air flow surrounding this facility have shown the variation induced by orientation of the building site relative to the wind direction and speed. These observations have shown the need for improved monitoring technologies for ambient air quality surrounding animal feeding operations. An evaluation was conducted on seven different ammonia measuring systems surrounding a swine production facility and a beef cattle feeding facility. These instruments were evaluated with the number of tests to determine their accuracy, linearity, precision, response time, calibration and zero drift, interference, data completeness, and ease of use. Each of the instruments had their strengths and weaknesses when monitoring ambient air quality surrounding animal feeding operations. One of the major problems in collecting data surrounding animal operations is the location of the instrument so that a representative sample can be collected.


Summer-like temperatures take a timeout ✋
On Friday, it reached 95 degrees in Poughkeepsie, a new daily record high for June 2nd.
Looking ahead, we’ll be hard-pressed to reach 80 until next weekend! The wind will blow from the north, which isn’t a warm wind direction.
Talk about a hard right turn from Mother Nature!
🏜 The temperature change is one thing, but we need some rain. May was the 3rd driest May since records began in 1931 — only 1993 and 1964 were drier. The week ahead will feature some rain, but not enough to overcome the recent deficit.
The week will be defined by a pinwheeling disturbance in the upper atmosphere, stagnantly swirling over the Northeast.
It will bring cooler than average temperatures and cause afternoon showers to pop up over the region from Tuesday-Friday.
Here’s what it looks like on the weather map:
Monday: dry and comfortable 👍
Tuesday: similar to Monday but with a chance for an afternoon shower or thunderstorm and wildfire smoke from Canada 💨
Wednesday: like Tuesday but a little cooler
Thursday: even cooler with scattered PM showers again possible 🌦
Friday: similar to Thursday
Saturday-Sunday: turning warmer, back above 80 with the shower chance likely fading 📈
The week of June 12th looks cooler than average to start, followed by a potentially significant warm up. Mid-to-late June will probably take a turn toward hotter temperatures, so enjoy the cooler weather while it lasts 🥵
Winter at the beach 🤙
Meteorological winter arrived in New Zealand and the Southern Hemisphere this past week, but you wouldn’t know it looking at these photos…
You wouldn’t know it by the way it feels either — temperatures have been well above average in my corner of the world due to an ongoing marine heatwave.
The place you are looking at is called Omaha. It’s a beach town in the northern part of the Auckland region. It was a great place to take my new drone for a spin!
📸 For more New Zealand photography: https://www.instagram.com/bennollofficial/
The view from the ground didn’t disappoint either!
🌈 New Zealand is the unofficial rainbow capital of the world thanks to the right combination of meteorological tendencies, including a low winter sun angle and frequent showers followed by plenty of sun…
Hope your week is a wave of color ✌


Photos by Rick Hiduk
Preparation for the upcoming tourist season and the return of “cottagers” was apparent in the Sullivan County communities of Lake Mokoma (top) and Eagles Mere (above) on Saturday. Most clubs and attractions are set to open the weekend of May 4.
Despite a gloomy Sunday and the chance for some wet snow (!) during the early morning hours of Monday, a great warm-up should be underway by Tuesday, with temperatures approaching 80 mid week.
The best news? After tonight, there are no freezing temperatures in sight!
The eight day forecast follows:
Sunday: showers/flurries 45/32
Monday: partly cloudy 60/38
Tuesday: sunny 75/50
Wednesday: sunny 80/60
Thursday: pm storms 80/60
Friday: pm storms 75/53
Saturday: partly sunny 65/45
Sunday: partly cloudy 65/42
The EndlessMtnLifestyles.com weather report is based on expected conditions at approximately 1,100 ft elevation in Meshoppen Township, Wyoming County, near the center of the Endless Mountains region. Residents of river towns can generally expect slightly higher temperatures, while those at higher elevations may experience lower temperatures. Send your Weather Window photos to firstname.lastname@example.org. Try to include a good horizontal/panoramic shot.


Drought intensifies, 70% of North Dakota classified ‘D3 extreme’
The drought monitor report released April 8 for March 30 to April 6, indicated intensifying drought in the Dakotas. Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee are still reporting no drought stress at all.
In the No. 1 corn-growing state, drought conditions were unchanged from the previous week. A small amount of precipitation was recorded in the northern half of Iowa but, it wasn’t enough to put a dent in the extreme drought conditions stretching across Sioux, O’Brien, and Clay counties. About 6% of the state is suffering from severe drought.
In conjunction with the April 5 Crop Progress Report, Iowa State Climatologist Justin Glisan noted topsoil and subsoil moisture levels across the Hawkeye state. “Topsoil moisture levels rated 8% very short, 25% short, 64% adequate and 3% surplus. Subsoil moisture levels rated 12% very short, 29% short, 56% adequate and 3% surplus,” he reported.
Across the Mississippi River, in Illinois, drought expanded slightly. Lake and McHenry counties in the extreme northeastern corner of the state reported moderate drought conditions. About 17% of the state recorded abnormally dry conditions. Less than an inch of rain was recorded across the state between March 30 and April 6, according to the Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
Drought conditions in Nebraska were unchanged. Severe drought still covers 7% of the state and is focused in the southwest region. The entire western half of the Cornhusker state is abnormally dry or worse. Less than an inch of rain was recorded across the state between March 30 and April 6, according to the Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
The first report of extreme drought in Minnesota came from Kittson county in the extreme northwest part of the state. Severe drought in the northwest and southwest parts of the state expanded to cover about 3% of the state’s acres. More than 30% of the state reported suffering from moderate drought.
Conditions in Kansas were unchanged from the previous week’s drought monitor report. Severe drought continues in Cheyenne, Rawlins, Hamilton, Stanton, and Morton counties. About 22% of the state is abnormally dry, or worse. All drought stress is isolated to the western third of the state.
Drought conditions in South Dakota continued to intensify quickly. On April 6, 15% of the state was suffering from extreme drought, a jump of about 7% since the week prior. About 79% of state’s acres are classified D1 moderate drought, or worse.
The April 5 Crop Progress Report indicated South Dakota topsoil moisture levels rated 25% very short, 43% short, 32% adequate and 0% surplus. Subsoil moisture levels are rated 25% very short, 48% short, 27% adequate, and 0% surplus.
Ohio’s drought conditions were nearly identical to the week prior. About 16% of the state reported moderate drought conditions. The southern two-thirds of the state reported no drought conditions.
For the third week in a row, Missouri reported no drought conditions.
The April 5 Crop Progress Report indicated Missouri topsoil moisture levels rated 0% very short, 3% short, 92% adequate, and 5% surplus. Subsoil moisture levels rated 0% very short, 5% short, 90% adequate, and 5% surplus.
Drought conditions in southeast Wisconsin intensified slightly, now rated moderate in Racine and Kenosha counties. About 90% of the state is abnormally dry.
Across the Great Lakes in Michigan, drought conditions continued to be relatively unchanged. Moderate drought conditions in the south continue to consume about 17% of the state’s acres.
For the sixth straight week, Kentucky reported no drought conditions.
The April 5 Crop Progress Report indicated Kentucky topsoil moisture levels rated 2% very short, 1% short, 71% adequate, and 26% surplus. Subsoil moisture levels rated 2% very short, 2% short, 73% adequate, and 23% surplus.
Extreme drought increased to cover about 70% of the state of North Dakota, a jump of 23% in a week’s time. Almost the entire state is suffering from severe drought or worse this spring.
The most recent Crop Progress Report indicated North Dakota topsoil moisture levels rated 59% very short, 33% short, 8% adequate, and 0% surplus. Subsoil moisture levels rated 52% very short, 30% short, 18% adequate, and 0% surplus.
Carie Marshall-Moore farms with her family near Rock Lake, North Dakota, in Towner county. Although it’s a bit early for fieldwork, the drought is weighing heavily on farmers and ranchers’ minds. A rancher Marhsall-Moore works with lost an entire hayfield to fire last weekend.
“The biggest dilemma we have is applying anhydrous. We don’t want to work up the ground and lose any moisture we do have. Anhydrous is water loving, so if there is no water molecules for it to cling to it isn’t practical financially to even put it down. We’re in major limbo right now hoping for rain in the next two weeks before we have to make real decisions and get into the field,” she says.
In Texas, exceptional drought conditions cover about 9% of the state. Abnormally dry, or worse conditions cover about 91% of the Lone Star State.
For the second week in a row, Tennessee reported no drought conditions.
Similar to the week prior, moderate drought covers about 9% of Pennsylvania in the northwest corner of the state. About 76% of the state is free of drought stress.There was no change to drought conditions in Colorado where exceptional drought covers about 15% of the state. The entire state is abnormally dry, or worse.


Well spring began three weeks ago but the weather hasn't reflected it until now.
Starting on Saturday and continuing through Monday Environment Canada is predicting Swift Current to have daytime highs ranging from 12 C to 15 C.
Environment Canada meteorologist John Paul Cragg says that warmup will be courtesy of a system developing in Alberta and the United States.
"In advance of the development of the system it looks like we will have some good strong southerly winds that will bring some warm air into southwestern Saskatchewan," he said. "Finally some temperatures for southwestern Saskatchewan for this time of year."
The three-day warm-up that's expected to be far from breaking records won't last long though as the system will move out by Tuesday.
"The northerly winds will return," he said. "Temperatures will drop off quite a bit, so you're going to be back to well below average... It's going to take awhile for those temperatures to rebound, so probably not until the end of next week."
Starting Tuesday as well the southwest is expected to experience rain or snow in what Cragg thinks "could be a big system."
Although the first week of April was record-breaking cold, Cragg believes that by the time May and June roll around we should be back to normal seasonal temperatures.


CHARLOTTE, N.C. (WBTV) - A relatively weak cold front continues to work southeast across the Carolinas today producing light showers for the better half of the first day of the workweek.
During the afternoon and evening hours rain chances will decrease giving way to partly cloudy skies by sunset. Rain-cooled air and the impacts of the frontal passage will keep highs in the low 50s today.
Overnight temperatures will revisit the upper 30s and lower 40s for short-period ahead of highs in the mid to upper 50s under mix of sun and clouds. A passing shower can't be ruled out Tuesday around midday into the early afternoon as an upper level disturbance follows today's frontal on Tuesday, but should be mostly dry.
Temperatures will gradually warm Wednesday and Thursday rising into the mid 60s during the afternoon hours ahead of the next cold front expected to push into the area late in the week. That front will give way to cooler temperatures a significant chance for rain going into the Friday and the first half of the weekend.
- Meteorologist Jonathan Stacey


Science & Policy
As the scientific dialogue on the degree of climate warming continues, the critical question surrounding potential global change has now become: How do we rise to the challenge of mitigating and adapting to substantial human interference of the climate system? PAOC researchers work in interdisciplinary teams to address the challenge of balancing worldwide economic growth with realistic and practical environmental stewardship.
As part of its collaboration with other MIT research groups, PAOC maintains an active research partnership with MIT’s Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change. These activities cohere around a single guiding principal: science and policy have to work together. At the core of this underlying research strategy is cutting-edge research in the global human and earth systems, and the integration of this research through consideration of: policy/management, feedback and response of the various sub-systems, innovation and technology, and the probabilities that we can assign to our knowledge in these areas – all of these are necessary ingredients to quantifying climate risk. Among the questions we seek to answer are:
- How effective and costly would specific policy measures be in alleviating climate change?
- What are the advantages and risks of waiting for better scientific understanding of such change?
- How will the oceanic and terrestrial uptake of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases be affected by changing climate?
- What nations, regions, and economic sectors are most likely to be affected?
To tackle such issues requires our analysis and model-development facilities to be as close to the frontier of the scientific and socio-economic disciplines addressing them as possible, while maintaining the ability to perform the types of multiple calculations that are needed in order to understand both uncertainties in the human-climate system and implications of proposed policies.
Centers & Initiatives
The Climate Modeling Initiative is an open-source collaborative based at MIT which has developed a modeling infrastructure for the study of the atmosphere, ocean and climate of the Earth.
The Center for Global Change Science (CGCS) seeks to better understand the natural mechanisms in ocean, atmosphere and land systems that together control the Earth's climate, and to apply improved knowledge to problems of predicting climate changes. ...
As part of its collaboration with other MIT research groups, PAOC maintains an active research partnership with the Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change. The MIT Joint Program integrates natural and social science to produce analy...
Professor Ron Prinn's group works on incorporating the chemistry, dynamics, and physics of the atmospheres of the Earth and other planets, and the chemical evolution of atmospheres. We are also the pioneers of estimating global emissions of non-CO2 g...
Our group research focuses on using atmospheric chemistry and integrated modeling to inform decision-making strategies on air pollution and climate change. We are currently doing work in three main areas: Impacts of Air Pollution and Climate Change, ...
Chien Wang's group works on various issues related to atmospheric aerosols, clouds, and tropospheric chemistry, and studies the climate impacts of aerosols and anthropogenic pollutants.


Ask The Question
May 8, 2019, 5:56:20 AM
The method of heat transfer by which the sun warms the earth is A) conduction Eliminate B) convection C) radiation D) solaration
May 8, 2019, 9:03:35 AM
this would be radiation
The method of heat transfer by which the sun warms the earth is A) conduction Eliminate B) co...
The method of heat transfer by which the sun warms the earth is
What is the main method of heat transfer from the core to the crust of Earth? A) conduction B)...
Sun warms the earth by Blank Space __________. Question 2 options: convection conduction el...
The transfer of heat by the movement of warmed gases and liquids A. radiation B. conduction C....
Energy from the sun reaches Earth mostly by ________. A.) conduction B.) convection C.) radi...
Which of the following can occur by conduction? a. transfer of heat from the sun b. transfer of...
Glenn is heating water in a teakettle. The hotter water at the bottom of the kettle rises. The co...
The atmosphere is heated most by which of the following? A. Convection B. Radiation C. Wind D...
Density differences drive which of the heat transfers? A) Conduction B) Convection C) Radia...


IFR and Low IFR Conditions developed over parts of Virginia and the Carolinas Piedmont Region during the morning of 28 September 2016. The screengrab below, from the Aviation Weather Center, shows the areal extent of the reduced visibilities and/or low ceilings. (The text of the IFR Sigmet is here.) Fog over southeastern Virginia is developing under multiple cloud decks associated with the convection near a front. IFR Probabiities in this region are determined by Rapid Refresh data that shows low-level saturation; the flat-looking field over that region is characteristic of model-only IFR Probability fields. Farther to the southwest, over western North Carolina, IFR Probabilities are determined by both satellite and model data; notice how pixelated the data are in that region.
Suomi NPP overflew the eastern United States shortly after 0730 UTC, and the toggle below shows the Day Night Visible Band and the Brightness Temperature Difference field (11.45 – 3.74 ). Water-based clouds (yellow and orange in the enhancement used) are detected just to the west of cirrus and mixed-phase clouds (black in the enhancement used). The 0737 UTC IFR Probability field, at bottom, had model-data only as predictors in regions where Suomi NPP shows multiple cloud layers. Note also that the 1-km resolution of Suomi NPP is resolving the developing valley fogs in the Appalachian mountains of Ohio, West Virginia and Kentucky. There are only a few pixels in the IFR Probability field that are suggesting valley fog development — but note in the end of the animation at the top of this post that more valley pixels show IFR Probability signals. When GOES-R is flying, its superior (to GOES-13) 2-km resolution should mitigate this too-slow identification of valley fogs.


TODAY: HIGH 49/LOW 27 Mostly Cloudy with a 20 percent chance of showers
TOMORROW: HIGH 50/LOW 28 Sunny
SATURDAY: HIGH 56/LOW 38 Partly Cloudy
SUNDAY: HIGH 57/LOW 34 Partly Cloudy
MONDAY: HIGH 63/LOW 41 Partly Cloudy
A chilly end to the week results in a cold night tonight with highs in the upper 20’s. We’ll see more of fall-type weather starting up again next week, with a high of 63 on Monday.


On Monday a strong cold front will move across the region bringing showers and sharply colder temperatures by afternoon. Highs will start off mainly in the 60s but fall into the 50s by afternoon. Showers will come to an end by mid afternoon but we could see some lingering precipitation into Monday evening. The day will feel definitely like Fall with winds brisk out of the northwest. Fall officially arrives late Monday night.
On Tuesday we start a streak of dry weather that should take us into next weekend. It will start off on the chilly side early in the week but temperatures will moderate by Thursday and become unseasonably warm by the beginning of next weekend - perhaps a touch of "Indian Summer".
Clearing is expected for the first part of next week along with cooler temperatures. A warm up with continued clear skies appears to be in order for the second half of next week. Our long range maps suggest a warm high pressure system dominating our weather during the time period.


Strong winds and heavy rain passed through many Eastern Carolina communities Wednesday. In Winterville a lightning strike was the big news in one neighborhood. A bolt of lightning did quite a bit of damage to a big tree. Luckily, a nearby house was spared. In Williamston, Martin County a homeowner wasn't as lucky as a lightning strike hit a house causing a fire. And in Beaufort County, strong storms caused some minor damage in the River Road area.


IT'S HERE, STRONG WINTER STORM HAS ARRIVED...
Snow is falling at my house in Marion, Iowa and will quickly advance east across the rest of my area through early afternoon. It will be heavy at times accompanied by gusty winds up to 30 mph. Low visibilities and snow covered roads will make for difficult travel conditions.
The widespread accumulating snow will eventually mix with sleet, freezing rain and even rain in the south towards evening. The mix will advance into my central counties later in the evening. North of HWY 30, most of the precipitation will remain in the form of snow, especially from HWY 20 north. Snow accumulations of 3-6" look likely, along with ice accumulations of up to 1/4". The greatest ice accumulations are anticipated near or just south of I-80. Locally higher amounts of snow may occur in areas where snow ratios are greater and the mix is avoided, again north of HWY 30 and especially in eastern Iowa.
Saturday morning, very strong northwest winds gusting as high as 45 mph will lead to blowing and drifting snow resulting in greatly reduced visibility, especially in areas where there is no glaze from freezing rain or sleet. Again, this issue is most likely in the northern third of the area.
Winter storm warnings remain in effect of much of the region north of I-80 in Iowa. The rest of my area is under a winter weather advisory.
The latest snowfall models are are bullish on several inches of snow. Initially the snow will be dry, especially in the northern half of the area and will exceed ratios of 10:1 for several hours. Therefore I am using the Kuchera method of snow forecasting which takes that into account. I also added the standard 10:1 ratio for comparison. I prefer the EURO Kuchera version as I think the GFS is overdoing the amount of overall precipitation. Here you go.
The EURO 10:1
The GFS 10:1
Most of the heavier snow will be out of the south by evening and the rest of the area by late evening (10:00 pm)
Some snow showers will redevelop later tonight and Saturday morning as the arctic air invades and again drops temperatures and squeezes out the remaining moisture. In total, most areas have a very good chance of seeing 3 to 5" accumulations from south to north with some local spots in the north around Waterloo getting 6 to perhaps 7" totals. That's all for now. Roll weather...TS
LAST THING, STILL 2 SPOTS AVAILABLE FOR WEATHER SCHOOL. A GREAT BUNCH OF FOLKS COMING ALONG WITH SOME TERRIFIC CASE STUDIES YOU WILL ENJOY, ESPECIALLY 2011, THE YEAR OF THE TORNADO. AN IN DEPTH LOOK AT THE SUPER OUTBREAK OF APRIL 27TH IN ALABAMA AND THE JOPLIN TORNADO WHICH TOOK THE LIVES OF 160. YOU WANT TO LEARN WEATHER, YOU WANT TO BE HERE. GET THE DETAILS BELOW...
TSwails.com is offering a very special and unique opportunity to learn first-hand the ins and outs of weather forecasting with one of the best meteorologists in the Midwest along with his team of expert meteorologists.
That’s right… You want to forecast right along with Terry Swails, well now you can. He’s teaching weather with TSwails newest program called WEATHER SCHOOL. The opening bell rings this January and you can be a member of the very first graduating class. The one-day forecasting seminar for weather enthusiasts will be held at his home in January. It’s not your typical run-of-the-mill school. There will be no tests, but Terry, Rebecca, and Nick will cram your head with so much knowledge, it’ll be spinning like a tornado before the day is over.
You want to know the essential online sites to use for models, radar, and the basic weather tools? DONE! You want to understand the structure of models and the role they play? DONE! You want to be able to construct forecasts from the ground up? DONE!
WEATHER SCHOOL will be presented in a seminar-type format where you'll have the ability to ask questions and dig deep. You’ll get the scoop on data acquisition, model analysis, severe weather, and actual forecasting from the big dog himself, T. Swails. With 43 years of experience and an uncanny ability to break the science down, you’ll open the door to forecasting like never before.
Along with the head master T. Swails himself, meteorologists Rebecca Kopelman and Nick Stewart of KGAN TV will be there to lend their knowledge and experience to the discussion. It will be fun, informative, and factual! This is the day for you to see, feel, and experience what it’s like to be in the hot seat of a meteorologist.
The seminar will be held January 25th and will last from noon until 5:00pm. We have limited seating and the cost is $99 dollars per person. A catered lunch will be provided. Again..not a lot of seats so reservations with a pre-payment are required. Sorry, no refunds. If there’s enough interest, a second session will be added in early February. To register or get additional information send an email to email@example.com
GIVE THE GIFT OF WEATHER. This might be the perfect gift for that hard to buy for person. Along with a WEATHER SCHOOL admittance voucher, TSwails will send a special greeting to your weather enthusiast if you give the gift of weather with the TSwails touch!
WEATHER SCHOOL AGENDA:
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Session 1: DATA ACQUISITION
The essential on-line sites for models, observations, satellite and radar images, and general weather data.
Session 2: ANALYSIS:
Determining your objective goals. Short term, intermediate, or long-term. Understanding the process of analysis and its relationship to forecasting.
Model options and choices. What to use and when!
The GFS, EURO, NAM 3k, NAM 12K, Canadian, HRRR, MJO, ensembles, teleconnections, etc.
Locating, learning, and knowing what’s essential to make a reliable forecast.
The art and science of model interpretation: Using and understanding model output. Its called guidance for a reason!
Learn how to analyze key parameters such as:
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A simulation of the basic process using model output.
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Thunderstorms, tornadoes, derechoes, and squall lines.
Soundings. What are they and why should I care?
Instability (CAPE) vs (CIN) Critical interaction involving moisture, heating, and forcing.
Uncovering the ingredients of a severe weather set-up.
TVS signatures. What to look for on radar.
Role of SPC vs NWS, and your local TV station regarding the warning process.
Simulated model driven forecast of a severe weather event/tornado outbreak
Session 5: WINTER STORMS:
The key ingredients required for significant winter storm:
How to forecast the rain snow line.
How to forecast snow totals from QPF
Determining totals from snow ratios.
What to look for at the surface and at upper levels (500 and 850mb)
Model bias and determining the storm track
Simulated model driven forecast of a significant Midwest winter storm
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An open period for attendees to ask questions regarding relevant topics or issues discussed during the day.
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Once again, to reserve a spot or ask questions send an email to firstname.lastname@example.org See you when the bell rings! Roll weather...T. Swails


CLEANING THE AIR QUALITY SENSOR
The AirDoctor is designed with an air quality sensor to track the quality of your air. Over time, the sensor can become dirty and may require cleaning. The main symptom of a dirty air quality sensor is the LED air quality monitor display that remains frozen on one light color.
The lens of the air quality particle sensor may need to be cleaned.
1. Power off and unplug the unit.
2. Locate and open the air quality sensor cover located on
the side of the unit.
3. Locate the lens of the air sensor located inside the air sensor.
4. Wet one end of a cotton swab with water and wipe the lens to
remove any debris. Then, dry the lens with the other end of the swab
Caution: Do not scratch the lens with a hard object.
SENSOR CLEANING MAINTENANCE
You may also need to use a vacuum cleaner to clear the sensor chamber.
1.Power off and unplug unit.
2.Locate and open the air quality sensor cover located on the side of the unit. (Fig. 1)
3.Use a vacuum cleaner hose to suction any dust or dirt that may have accumulated inside the monitor chamber. (Fig. 2)
Article is closed for comments.


Rosa's deluge "may produce life-threatening flash flooding", the hurricane center said.
Hurricane Rosa has affected south western America including California since 30 September; the storm is likely to continue until 2 October. "Those planning to be outdoors next week should keep an eye on the weather forecast and make contingency plans", the NWS said.
There was also flooding reported around Tucson.
That's due in part to wind currents that generally push from east to west-but also because the tropical cyclones that power hurricanes need warm water, usually over 80 degrees, while the typical temperature off SoCal coasts is closer to 75.
The National Weather Service says Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport has received more than 2 inches (5 centimeters) of ran so far Tuesday. They can turn otherwise calm dry washes, burn scars and urban areas with poor drainage deadly.
According to the National Weather Service, the entire Phoenix area is expected to see between 1 and 2 inches (2.5-5 centimeters) of rain.
"This storm still has a punch, it's still unsafe", David Roth, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service's Weather Prediction Center, told Thomson Reuters.
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Elsewhere in the state, flash flood watches in Phoenix and other areas were set to expire later Wednesday as the storm left the region and headed for Colorado and Utah.
Utah Gov. Gary Herbert mobilized about 200 National Guard soldiers Monday to prepare for potential flooding in areas where recent wildfires left burn scars that could increase runoff.
Flash-flood watches remained in effect for parts of those two states.
The Maricopa County Flood Control District reported no immediate reports Tuesday morning of flash flooding in the county that includes most of metro Phoenix.
After soaking northwestern Mexico with heavy rains as it neared the Baja California Peninsula, reportedly claiming at least one victim, Tropical Storm Rosa is expected to drench the U.S. Southwest.
La Plata County officials and the National Weather Service were working together to track the potential flood risk, said Butch Knowlton, director of La Plata County's Office of Emergency Management. Yuma, Arizona, the USA's driest city with only about 3.6 inches of rainfall a year, could see almost that much in the next couple of days.
The U.S. National Hurricane Center said Rosa should move over Baja California and Sonora, weakening and bringing 3 to 6 inches (7.5 to 15 centimeters) of rain, with its remnants expected hitting the southwestern United States on Tuesday. Isolated areas might see even more precipitation.


Location within the state of Kentucky
|Coordinates: 37°4′33″N 82°58′54″W / 37.07583°N 82.98167°WCoordinates: 37°4′33″N 82°58′54″W / 37.07583°N 82.98167°W|
|Elevation||1,076 ft (328 m)|
|Time zone||Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)|
|• Summer (DST)||EDT (UTC-4)|
|GNIS feature ID||509072|
The climate in this area is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The Köppen Climate System describes the weather as humid subtropical, and uses the abbreviation Cfa.


WATERFORD WEATHER: Thunderstorms and heavy downpours expected today as yellow warning issued
Met Éireann has issued a Status Yellow rain warning for Waterford that is valid from 7am on Tuesday to 7am Wednesday. Heavy showers or longer spells of rain will spread northwards over Munster with isolated thunderstorms and spot flooding possible, especially in the south. Some bright or sunny intervals also. Highest temperatures of 16 to 19 degrees with moderate to fresh southeast winds.
Tonight, there will be further showers or longer spells of rain and a continued chance of spot flooding. Lowest temperatures of 12 or 13 degrees with moderate to fresh southeast winds.
Today, heavy showers or longer spells of rain will spread northwards to all areas through the day with some isolated thunderstorms & spot flooding possible, especially in the south⛈— Met Éireann (@MetEireann) September 6, 2022
Some bright or sunny intervals also, the best of these in Ulster
Max temps of 16 to 20C pic.twitter.com/JWgJ4Wvvb9
Low today and on Wednesday.
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By Ian Berry
CHICAGO-Snowstorms across the U.S. Plains helped ease some of the region's most extreme drought conditions, the latest U.S. Drought Monitor map showed Thursday.
The portion of the central and southern Plains experiencing "exceptional" drought, the worst category, dropped to 26.7% as of Tuesday, down from 29.1% a week earlier. The region includes Kansas, which saw two snowstorms last week. In the South region, which includes drought-plagued Oklahoma and Texas, the area in "exceptional" drought fell to 4.2%, down from 9.5% a week earlier. The Southeast saw an identical drop in its "extreme" category.
The Drought Monitor showed that 54.2% of the contiguous U.S. was in some level of drought, down from 55.8% a week earlier.
The full impact of the moisture will be seen in some areas as the snow melts, said Brian Fuchs, a climatologist at the National Drought Mitigation Center, based at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and the author of this week's map. In parts of Missouri, snows dumped the equivalent of three inches of water last week, he said.
Still, analysts say the drought is not yet over in the central and southern Plains, which has suffered from abnormally dry weather for two years. Mr. Fuchs said the snows made no improvement in Nebraska, where most of the state is in the "exceptional" or "extreme" drought category.
The portion of the central and northern Plains experiencing some level of drought was unchanged at 91.3%, while drought in the central Plains and Delta region climbed slightly to 54.4%, versus 53.9% the prior week.
Write to Ian Berry at email@example.com


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Revealing the most disturbing tendency error of Zebiak–Cane model associated with El Niño predictions by nonlinear forcing singular vector approach
- Duan, Wansuo, Zhao, Peng
- Climate dynamics 2015 v.44 no.9-10 pp. 2351-2367
- El Nino, climate, linear models, prediction
- The nonlinear forcing singular vector (NFSV) approach is used to identify the most disturbing tendency error of the Zebiak–Cane model associated with El Niño predictions, which is most potential for yielding aggressively large prediction errors of El Niño events. The results show that only one NFSV exists for each of the predictions for the predetermined model El Niño events. These NFSVs cause the largest prediction error for the corresponding El Niño event in perfect initial condition scenario. It is found that the NFSVs often present large-scale zonal dipolar structures and are insensitive to the intensities of El Niño events, but are dependent on the prediction periods. In particular, the NFSVs associated with the predictions crossing through the growth phase of El Niño tend to exhibit a zonal dipolar pattern with positive anomalies in the equatorial central-western Pacific and negative anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific (denoted as “NFSV1”). Meanwhile, those associated with the predictions through the decaying phase of El Niño are inclined to present another zonal dipolar pattern (denoted as “NFSV2”), which is almost opposite to the NFSV1. Similarly, the linear forcing singular vectors (FSVs), which are computed based on the tangent linear model, can also be classified into two types “FSV1” and “FSV2”. We find that both FSV1 and NFSV1 often cause negative prediction errors for Niño-3 SSTA of the El Niño events, while the FSV2 and NFSV2 usually yield positive prediction errors. However, due to the effect of nonlinearities, the NFSVs usually have the western pole of the zonal dipolar pattern much farther west, and covering much broader region. The nonlinearities have a suppression effect on the growth of the prediction errors caused by the FSVs and the particular structure of the NFSVs tends to reduce such suppression effect of nonlinearities, finally making the NFSV-type tendency error yield much large prediction error for Niño-3 SSTA of El Niño events. The NFSVs, compared to the FSVs, are more applicable in describing the most disturbing tendency error of the Zebiak–Cane model since they consider the effect of nonlinearities. The NFSV-type tendency errors may provide information concerning the sensitive areas where the model errors are much more likely to yield large prediction errors for El Niño events. If the simulation skills of the states in the sensitive areas can be improved, the ENSO forecast skill may in turn be greatly increased.


EPAWA says the same in this mornings forecast. Light snow here at the moment.Wednesday is trending colder and colder- not sure if it's to be believed but it's looking like 2-5"+ are possible for most of the northern 1/3 of the state... followed by heavy rains, so whatever does fall will be nice and soaking wet... lovely
I think that lower end area will all wash away with the rain coming in afterwards, northwest might get to scrape some slopI’m betting on 1-2” between 78 and 80, 2-5” 80 and north, Wednesday will have significantly more blocking and cold on the front end than this system,
Followed by heavy rain everywhere by 6-7pm Wednesday night. Heavy wet snot but I guess better than nothing.


The National Hurricane Centre is watching a small area of low pressure associated with a tropical wave is located over the far eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean, producing a concentrated area of showers several hundred miles west-southwest of the Cabo Verde Islands. Some additional development of this system is possible during the next few days while the low moves westward. Upper-level winds are expected to become less conducive for development by this weekend when the system approaches the Lesser Antilles.
Elsewhere, an area of disorganized showers and thunderstorms associated with a trough of low pressure located over the Atlantic Ocean within a few hundred miles to the south of Bermuda. Environmental conditions appear conducive for some development of this system, and a tropical depression could form before the end of the week while the system moves west-northwestward and then northward between Bermuda and the east coast of the United States. The system is then forecast to interact with a frontal system on Sunday, which would limit any additional development.
Source (NOAA NWS NHC)
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Looks like we have an active period of weather coming up over the weekend and into next week. Still a lot of details to hash out on this one, but models are picking up on not just one, but a series of storm systems that will move through the state. There looks to be a few differences between this storm and the last one we experienced including the speed, the amount of cold air to work with, but a lot are coming into agreement at least to some degree that this could be decently spread across the front range, including the foothills, Denver Metro area and Palmer Divide.
Here’s what we know so far…
- Strong cold front
- Moves through late Saturday into early Sunday
- Currently looks like 9PM – 12AM as the first bursts of cold air, with cooler air filtering in through the overnight hours and into early Sunday morning
- A prolonged period of snow is possible throughout the day Sunday. Be aware, heavy snow is possible later in the day Sunday, we’ll try to nail down more details on the exact when and where over the next day or two
- Additional chances for snow on Monday and late Tuesday into early Wednesday
- A couple of different waves of energy will produce the snow
- Most areas will struggle to reach the 30’s late on Sunday, Monday and Tuesday.
- Low temperatures could be in the single digits to near zero for higher elevation areas and in the low teens to single digits for the Denver area
- Wednesday also looks cold.
- Halloween looks cool overall but models disagree on how cold. Some models show extremely cold temperatures so this will be something we have to watch for.
A lot of the energy from this period will come from an active storm track that will swing a series of troughs from the Pacific Northwest, across the Western U.S. and eventually into Colorado. While snowfall amounts and these storms don’t look terrible impressive right now, we always have to keep an eye on storms like this. They will be powerful and depending on exactly what track they take could mean big differences in what we see.
I’m not comfortable saying any of these storms being a “major event” as of right now, but would like to point out the potential is there. So we will have to keep an eye on them very closely.
Morning update from the NWS:
The combination of upslope flow at low levels with the upper troughiness over the state and the upper level jet on top of it will generate moderate to heavy precipitation rates Sunday afternoon and Sunday night. It is possible that areas along the Front Range foothills and I-25 Urban Corridor could see snowfall accumulations in excess of 6 inches by Sunday night.
We’ve got enough information this morning to post a very preliminary guess at what snow looks like for this first series of storms. Keep in mind, this could change drastically over the next 24-36 hours. We will have a whole host of models coming into better range today so we should get a better idea and be able to refine snowfall totals with that information.
Remember, it’s early so these are preliminary and WILL change over the next 24-36 hours. This is a good first shot though!
As our friend Billy would say, there’s more!
Another wave of energy moves through late Tuesday and into Wednesday. This means additional cold air and snow will filter in the area adding on to what we already have on the ground.
Some of the models show another shot of heavy snow along the front range. So overall we will be watching a lot of things next week.
What do you need to do right now?
Nothing at the moment, just realize that if you have plans on Sunday through Wednesday they may be impacted by cold and inclement weather. Snow to some degree looks likely but we don’t know exact numbers yet. Halloween looks chilly as well (for right now, it’s at the edge of the models range so accuracy is always a question) so plan on that possibility if you’re outdoors as well.
We will have to keep a close eye on all these waves towards the end of the weekend and into early next week. Some models show a decent shot at accumulating snow in what I’d call a “moderate” range, but because of the power of the storm systems and how close their tracks will be to an “optimal” track for big snow… they will need to be watched closely over the next 24-48 hours.
Expect refinements to our snowfall forecast throughout the day on Friday and Saturday based on the information coming in. Stay tuned, we will keep you updated!


OKLAHOMA CITY – Fire danger will remain a huge concern over the next several days.
Winds pick up out of the south tomorrow at 15 to 30 mph with gusts up to 40 mph.
The south wind will warm temperatures to the 70s tomorrow and the 80s Thursday.
A few showers and thunderstorms are possible in eastern Oklahoma on Friday.
A powerful cold front will sweep across the state Saturday resulting in a strong north wind and cooler temperatures.
Scattered showers and thunderstorms are possible with the front and a few could be strong to severe.
Stay tuned for updates! Sunday will be cooler in the 50s.
Make sure to “Spring Forward” one hour before going to bed Saturday night!