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Psychologist Howard Gardner developed the theory of multiple intelligences in the 1990s, in which he identified seven areas in which students best connect to and process information. One of those is musical intelligence, in which a student exhibits skills in composition and recognizing musical tones. Activities that promote listening skills and tie music to other lessons can enhance these students' learning experience.
Activities involving music should be interactive. Children need opportunities to create music, so allow them to explore with simple instruments, such as drums, maracas, tambourines or rhythm sticks. Young students can learn about counting as they tap on a drum or patterns by creating rhythms with their instruments. Invite students to create their own instruments using materials from the classroom. Children can learn about comparing and contrasting by discussing the sounds the instruments produce.
Teachers help develop listening skills by using music in the classroom. One way to increase this ability is by playing a listening bingo game. Students are given bingo cards filled with pictures of familiar objects or instruments. The teacher plays a recording of the sound each object or instrument makes and students listen to each sound. They cover the picture of the object making that sound on their bingo board as they hear it. The first person to cover all of their pictures or to get five in a row wins the game.
Young children are naturally drawn to music, so it can be an important tool for teaching new skills. Music can help develop language skills as students recite familiar words or learn new vocabulary. Children learn about rhyming words by singing songs, and music can help students remember new concepts. Songs can help students transition from one activity to another and help children become familiar with a classroom routine. Adding movements to songs can also engage motor skills, further developing children's abilities to use music to express themselves. Singing can be integrated into almost every subject area in a classroom to allow those with musical intelligence to learn best.
Writing Poetry or Songs
Children with musical intelligence seem to find and recognize patterns, rhythms and music in almost everything they hear. Teachers can help these students connect to lessons by asking them to create a poem or song for the topic they are studying. By putting the information to a rhythm, it will become more meaningful to students with musical intelligence and they will be more likely to remember it. Ask students to explore different genres of music as they create their songs, such as rap, classical and rock.


“Trauma reactions are normal reactions to abnormal events.”
There are no right and wrong ways to respond to a trauma; and your symptoms may include the following:
– Shock, numbness, disbelief, or even denial
– Difficulties with focusing, paying attention, concentrating and remembering
– Powerful unpredictable mood swings
– Anger and rage
– Irritability/ having a short fuse
– Intense fear and anxiety
– Panic attacks and anxiety attacks
– Guilt, shame, and (inappropriate) self-blame
– The desire to isolate yourself
– Sadness, sorrow and regret
– Hopelessness/ an inability to see anything good in the future
– Insomnia, nightmares, and broken sleep
– Hypervigilant/ hyperalert/ agitation/ being on edge
– Racing heart
– Difficulty breathing, and regulating breathing
– Tingling in hands and feet
– Pain and muscle tension.
Some of these symptoms point to PTSD, where your nervous system’s stuck in a state of constant shock. This prevents you from processing the trauma properly.
It is best if you can get professional help to deal with this, so you slowly start to heal (thought it’s going to take time.)
However, there are also some things that you can do as well – some tips to help with your trauma recovery. They include:
1. Get moving. Trauma dysregulates the body’s equilibrium so you’re stuck in a state of high arousal and fear. Often, exercise can help to repair the disruption, and especially if modulates your breathing and heart rate. (Yoga, and activities like walking, running, dancing and swimming are thought to be especially helpful for this.)
2. Fight the tendency to isolate yourself. Connecting with others helps you slowly start to heal (even though you’ll likely feel that you’d much rather withdraw). You don’t have to share your feelings, or to talk about what happened. Just engaging with others helps to normalize your life.
However, you will also need a person who will listen without judgment (a therapist or counsellor, a friend, or family member). This is absolutely crucial. You can’t bear this on your own.
Also, many people find it helps to join a group for survivors who have shared the same experience and, therefore, understand.
3. Prioritize self-care. This includes doing your best to get some quality sleep (although PTSD often makes this difficult); making sure your diet’s healthy; spending time in nature; and doing things that help you to unwind and relax.
“Take all the time you need to heal. Moving on doesn’t take a day. It takes a lot of little steps to break free of the past, and heal your broken self.”
In this post we will briefly answer a question that was asked by one of our clients.
Here’s today’s question …
“Why do I struggle with shame over my partner’s betrayal? He was the one who broke his promises, yet I feel completely worthless and ashamed. Why is that?”
There could be a number of answers to this question. Here are a few possibilities:
1. Think about bullying, or abuse in general. When we’re singled out for some kind of mistreatment, we pick up the message “I am not worth treating well.” (Note: You are worth treating well but this is the faulty message we believe in response to being mistreated.) That message is especially powerful if it comes from someone very close to us – like a parent or spouse.
2. If we think highly of someone, and their attention or approval means something to us, then we treat them with great respect and care. Think of the way royalty, celebrities or CEOS are treated.
In contrast, if we are ignored or treated badly, we feel that we don’t matter. That we’re not important. That we’re not worth respecting or caring about.
3. We honour our partner by being faithful to them, and treating them as someone who is special to us. After all, we’ve deliberately chosen to enter into a exclusive relationship with them, and them alone.
Hence, when our partner betrays us, it communicates the message “You’re not really that special after all. I don’t just want to have sex with you”. Hence, we feel inadequate, as if we have failed, as if we are faulty, and not worthy of love (and not certainly not exclusivity).
This affects our self-esteem, and our identity. Here’s what Brene Brown has to say about shame:
“I define shame as the intensely painful feeling, or experience, of believing that we are flawed and therefore unworthy of love and belonging – something we’ve experienced, done, or failed to do makes us unworthy of connection.”
Note: You could substitute faithfulness for connection, here.
If you have been betrayed by your partner or spouse, then this sense of shame is absolutely not deserved. You need to resist it with all your might.
Don’t let the lies become your own beliefs.
Don’t let that person define your worth.
“Know your worth. Know what you deserve. Don’t ask for it. State it.”
Everyone has heard of the word eureka. That sudden, unexpected insight into a tough problem.
Finding the solution that has always seemed elusive. The magic missing piece that changes how we look at things.
Eureka’s been attributed to Archimedes, a leading scientist in classical antiquity. But did you also know Eureka’s California’s motto? I guess they used to shout it when the diggers found some gold.
An Aha! moment
In daily life, we often talk about an Aha! moment. That wonderful experience when the scales fall from our eyes. The lightbulb flashes on and what was murky fog, or darkness, now suddenly makes sense and seems quite clear and obvious.
The Brain and Trauma
Our brain is changed by trauma. We become a different person. We’re on a roller coaster and we’re triggered constantly. We struggle with anxiety. Our sleep is often broken. We’re always sensing danger, and we’re hypervigilant.
We find it hard to trust, and we feel lost and isolated. We cannot trust our judgment, and we think we’ll be deceived. Our self-esteem’s been damaged and we think we have no value.
We’ve lost our map and compass for a balanced, normal life.
Is There an Answer or a Remedy?
I wish there was an answer, a straightforward quick solution. A sharp click of the fingers. A eureka, Aha! moment.
Yes, there are bursts of insight, and occasional moves forward. But often we feel stuck, and thus unable to move on.
Coming Face-to-Face with Reality
The fact is, Aha! moments are unusual and uncommon.
But you can make real progress, and recover over time.
It takes great perseverance – but it’s worth the work and effort.
For bit by you’ll start to heal, and find yourself again.
“Recovery is a process. It takes time. It takes patience. It takes everything you’ve got.”
When your partner is battling a sex addiction, establishing boundaries is absolutely crucial. They are not going to silence all your doubts and fears, but they do give a sense of accountability. They are a fundamental part of re-establishing some trust (although, let’s be honest, that’s going to take years).
Essentially, boundaries are important as they help protect our relationships from becoming unsafe.
So, what might boundaries look like to you?
– Insisting that your partner or spouse regularly sees a counsellor
– Insisting that your partner or spouse has an accountability partner
– Insisting that you are the person who has administrative rights for the family computer
– Having all the passwords to your partner or spouse’s laptop, phone and devices
– Having your partner or spouse remove all dating apps from their ipad and phone, and insisting he deletes any accounts with companies like sex.com or Ashley Maddison
– Insisting you have the freedom to check your partner or spouse’s messages and texts anytime you want
– Having access to all his bank accounts – and going through statements together each month
– Going through credit card statements together each month
– Having your partner or spouse be accountable for his time – so you know where he is, who he is with, and what he is doing, anytime you are apart
– Requiring your partner or spouse to break off all contact with anyone he has had a previous relationship with
– Requiring your partner or spouse to tell you if someone from a previous relationship ever tries to contact him.
Some of these suggestions might seem a bit extreme, but it all comes down to your peace of mind. And there are other boundaries you might want to put in place, specific to your relationship. (These different boundaries might change as time goes on.)
Don’t hesitate to ask for what you want.
“Boundaries are crucial. They are at the heart of every healthy relationship.”


For decades, space experts have worried that a speeding bit of orbital debris might one day smash a large spacecraft into hundreds of pieces and start a chain reaction, a slow cascade of collisions that would expand for centuries, spreading chaos through the heavens.
In the last decade or so, as scientists came to agree that the number of objects in orbit had surpassed a critical mass — or, in their terms, the critical spatial density, the point at which a chain reaction becomes inevitable — they grew more anxious.
Early this year, after a half-century of growth, the federal list of detectable objects (four inches wide or larger) reached 10,000, including dead satellites, spent rocket stages, a camera, a hand tool and junkyards of whirling debris left over from chance explosions and destructive tests.
Now, experts say, China’s test on Jan. 11 of an antisatellite rocket that shattered an old satellite into hundreds of large fragments means the chain reaction will most likely start sooner. If their predictions are right, the cascade could put billions of dollars’ worth of advanced satellites at risk and eventually threaten to limit humanity’s reach for the stars.
Federal and private experts say that early estimates of 800 pieces of detectable debris from the shattering of the satellite will grow to nearly 1,000 as observations continue by tracking radars and space cameras. At either number, it is the worst such episode in space history.Continue reading the main story
Today, next year or next decade, some piece of whirling debris will start the cascade, experts say.
“It’s inevitable,” said Nicholas L. Johnson, chief scientist for orbital debris at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. “A significant piece of debris will run into an old rocket body, and that will create more debris. It’s a bad situation.”
Geoffrey E. Forden, an arms expert at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who is analyzing the Chinese satellite debris, said China perhaps failed to realize the magnitude of the test’s indirect hazards.
Dr. Forden suggested that Chinese engineers might have understood the risks but failed to communicate them. In China, he said, “the decision process is still so opaque that maybe they didn’t know who to talk to. Maybe you have a disconnect between the engineers and the people who think about policy.”
China, experts note, has 39 satellites of its own — many of them now facing a heightened risk of destruction.
Politically, the situation is delicate. In recent years China has played a growing international role in fighting the proliferation of space junk. In 2002, for instance, it joined with other spacefaring nations to suggest voluntary guidelines for debris control.
In April, Beijing is to play host to the annual meeting of the advocacy group, known as the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee. Donald J. Kessler, a former head of the orbital debris program at NASA and a pioneer analyst of the space threat, said Chinese officials at the forum would probably feel “some embarrassment.”
Mr. Kessler said Western analysts agreed that China’s new satellite fragments would speed the chain reaction’s onset. “If the Chinese didn’t do the test, it would still happen,” he said. “It just wouldn’t happen as quickly.”
Last week in Beijing, a foreign ministry spokeswoman failed to respond directly to a debris question. Asked if the satellite’s remains would threaten other spacecraft, she asserted that China’s policy was to keep space free of weapons.
“We are ready to strengthen international cooperation in this regard,” the spokeswoman, Jiang Yu, told reporters.
Cascade warnings began as early as 1978. Mr. Kessler and his NASA colleague, Burton G. Cour-Palais, wrote in The Journal of Geophysical Research that speeding junk that formed more junk would produce “an exponential increase in the number of objects with time, creating a belt of debris around the Earth.”
During the cold war, Moscow and Washington generally ignored the danger and, from 1968 to 1986, conducted more than 20 tests of antisatellite arms that created clouds of jagged scraps. Often, they did so at low altitudes from which the resulting debris soon plunged earthward. Still, the number of objects grew as more nations launched rockets and satellites into orbit.
In 1995, as the count passed 8,000, the National Academy of Sciences warned in a thick report that some crowded orbits appeared to have already reached the “critical density” needed to sustain a chain reaction.
A year later, apprehension rose as the fuel tank of an abandoned American rocket engine exploded, breaking the craft into 713 detectable fragments — until now, the record.
Amid such developments, space experts identified the first collisions that threatened to start a chain reaction, putting analysts increasingly on edge.
On Jan. 17, 2005, for instance, a piece of speeding debris from an exploded Chinese rocket collided with a derelict American rocket body that had been shot into space 31 years earlier. Warily, investigators searched though orbital neighborhoods but found to their relief that the crackup had produced only four pieces of detectable debris.
A year later, Mr. Johnson, the chief scientist for NASA’s orbital debris program, and his colleague J. -C. Liou, published an article in the journal Science that detailed the growing threat. They said orbits were now so cluttered that the chain reaction was sure to start even if spacefaring nations refrained from launching any more spacecraft.
“The environment is unstable,” they wrote, “and collisions will become the most dominant debris-generating mechanism.”
It was in this atmosphere of rising tension that China last month fired a rocket into space that shattered an old weather satellite — its first successful test of an antisatellite weapon.
David C. Wright, a senior scientist at the Union of Concerned Scientists, a private group in Cambridge, Mass., calculated that the old satellite had broken into 1,000 fragments four inches wide or larger, and millions of smaller ones.
Federal sky-watchers who catalogue objects in the Earth orbit work slowly and deliberately. As of yesterday, they publicly listed 647 detectable pieces of the satellite but were said to be tracking hundreds more.
The breakup was dangerous because the satellite’s orbit was relatively high, some 530 miles up. That means the debris will remain in space for tens, thousands or even millions of years.
Mr. Kessler, the former NASA official, now a private consultant in Asheville, N.C., said China might have chosen a relatively high target to avoid directly threatening the International Space Station and its astronaut crew, which orbit at a height of about 220 miles.
“Maybe the choice was to endanger the station in the short term or to cause a long-term problem,” he said. “Maybe that forced them to raise the orbit.”
Even so, the paths of the speeding Chinese debris, following the laws of physics and of celestial mechanics, expanded in many directions, including upward and downward. As of last week, outliers from the central cloud stretched from roughly 100 miles to more than 2,000 miles above the Earth.
A solution to the cascade threat exists but is costly. In his Science paper and in recent interviews, Mr. Johnson of NASA argued that the only sure answer was environmental remediation, including the removal of existing large objects from orbit.
Robots might install rocket engines to send dead spacecraft careering back into the atmosphere, or ground-based lasers might be used to zap debris.
The bad news, Mr. Johnson said in his paper, is that “for the near term, no single remediation technique appears to be both technically feasible and economically viable.”
If nothing is done, a kind of orbital crisis might ensue that is known as the Kessler Syndrome, after Mr. Kessler. A staple of science fiction, it holds that the space around Earth becomes so riddled with junk that launchings are almost impossible. Vehicles that entered space would quickly be destroyed.
In an interview, Mr. Kessler called the worst-case scenario an exaggeration. “It’s been overdone,” he said of the syndrome.
Still, he warned of an economic barrier to space exploration that could arise. To fight debris, he said, designers will have to give spacecraft more and more shielding, struggling to protect the craft from destruction and making them heavier and more costly in the process.
At some point, he said, perhaps centuries from now, the costs will outweigh the benefits.
“It gets more and more expensive,” he said. “Sooner or later it gets too expensive to do business in space.”Continue reading the main story


The global digital skills crisis is worsening and here’s why – in 10 years time, according to the World Economic Forum (WEF), the jobs of 1.2 billion employees worldwide – the equivalent of half of the global workforce – will have undergone varying levels of change due to the adoption of technologies, such as automation and artificial intelligence (AI).
While most staff will operate alongside machines rather than being replaced by them (only 5% of the workforce), a huge nine out of 10 will require digital skills to be able to work effectively, exacerbating a shortage of expertise that is already troubling.
To make matters worse, another WEF report entitled ‘Accelerating the Digital Inclusion in the New Normal’ indicates that 47% of the world’s population currently remains “unconnected”. This means that in lower-income economies, an average of only 32% of the population has basic digital skills, which includes being able to send emails.
Even in higher-income economies, the figure rises to less than two thirds at only 62%, before dropping back down to 44% in relation to standard skill levels, which includes being able to create an electronic presentation.
So on the face of it, the situation does not look good. However, initiatives are taking place all around the world in a bid to do something about it. At a panel event during techUK’s London Tech Week conference, spokespeople from the European Union, Singapore and India all talked about the work being undertaken in their areas to boost digital skills uptake.
In the European Union (EU), 44% of citizens lack basic digital skills. But even among people with medium to advanced skill levels, there is still inadequate expertise in fields like data analysis, particularly in industries that are considered key to the future, such as advanced manufacturing. Vincenzo Renda, Senior Policy Manager for Digital Industrial Transformation at DigitalEurope, a membership body representing the digital tech industry, explains:
In advanced manufacturing, there’s a lot of machinery with sensors but we don’t have enough operators or technicians to understand what these digital solutions do. So there’s a strong need to ensure that the existing workforce has the skills not just at shop floor level but also among people like mechanical engineers as they need to know about data and how to interpret it.
As to what is being done to address this situation, he cites a number of examples: The Finnish government, for example, worked together with industry and academia to create a six-week-long massive open online course (Mooc) called “Elements of AI’, which it unveiled in 2018.
The aim was to encourage 1% of the 5.5 million-strong Finnish population to learn the basics of AI, but the course has now officially been made available to members of other European Union states – although the lack of geographic restrictions means it can actually be accessed globally.
A second EU-funded initiative, meanwhile, comprises the Sector Skills Alliances. These Alliances consist of a consortium of public and private sector organisations from at least three EU countries.
Their role is to identify labour market needs and support the design and delivery of both transnational vocational and training content as well as teaching and training methodologies at the local level. In a tech context, the three key areas of focus consist of blockchain, cybersecurity and software services.
But Renda is also a fan of the European Center for the Development of Vocational Training’s AI-based skills forecasting software, although he points out:
We’re not pumping enough into forecasting what future skills we’ll need by looking at existing data and drawing inferences from it as to skills requirements over the next five to 10 years. But the advantage of doing so is that it helps better prepare training systems by pointing out the direction of travel going forward and helping providers align future offerings.
Singapore takes very seriously the WEF’s contention that the half-life of any job skill is five years. As a result, the government encourages the practice of lifelong learning among its 5.9 million citizens and provides each of them with annual credits to support this upskilling process.
It also offers 25,000 online courses, 6,000 of which focus on key topics that the state is keen to focus on moving forward: data analysis, digital media and advanced manufacturing. But a number of initiatives have likewise been introduced to provide a skills leg-up to those who might need it.
For example, the government’s Future Skills programme includes a Career Conversion scheme for mid-career workers, which it sees as being demographically most prone to digital disruption given their current experience and salary levels. The initiative, which is 70%-subsidised, consists of a mix of classroom and on-the-job training and helps with new job placements if required.
A second, COVID-19-related scheme, which is 80% funded by the government, is likewise intended to support 100,000 young graduates – the equivalent of 3% of the total workforce – as they have been most affected employment-wise by the pandemic.
In order to make such initiatives as relevant as possible, both were born of a public-private partnership arrangement. With a similar idea in mind, the government has also started working with long-term resident, big tech vendors, such as Google, in a bid to boost employment elsewhere too.
In July, the two partners launched a news jobs and skills training initiative called the Skills Ignition SG, which consists of two different schemes. The first targeted 2,400 mid-career professionals, who are being given the chance to upskill by attending full-time training courses in cloud computing and digital marketing. Each course lasts for six months and participants receive a monthly training allowance of US$1,097.
The second programme provides 600 job-seekers and graduates with three months of online vocational training followed by six months of on-the-job training opportunities and a further six months of hands-on work experience. Google will offer 100 employment places and the rest will be provided by key partners.
But even despite these initiatives, YC Choy, Regional Vice President of the Economic Development Board of Singapore, still believes the city-state has a long way to go skills-wise if it is to truly become the commercial, tech and innovation hub it aspires to be. What it really requires, he says, is individuals not just with digital skills, but also with sector expertise – especially in fields, such as healthcare, biotech, and energy sustainability – and sufficient knowledge and experience of working with data to know how to unlock its value. As a result, he states:
A solution is not that simple. There’s a global bottleneck and competition between different countries, industries and companies. So this is an offer and call to action to create digital unicorn talent. To do so, we need cross-pollination across different entities, such as innovation centres and universities in places like Singapore and London. This means different countries coming together and working on a talent pipeline to enlarge the pie for everyone.
India’s digital skills challenges are quite different from those of more developed countries in that, far from having an ageing workforce, it is expected to add 100 million people to its current working population of 470 million over the next 10 years.
Some 4.3 million of these workers are currently employed in the tech industry, a sector that Amit Aggarwal, Vice President and Chief Executive of the IT-ITES sector skills council and co-architect of the National Association of Software and Service Companies’ Future Skills platform, describes as “one of the country’s shining lights”. But he also acknowledges that a high percentage of India’s population currently lacks even basic digital skills, despite the benefits technology could bring in terms of improving citizen services, such as healthcare.
Nonetheless, he says that the country, after being “inspired” by Singapore’s actions, is now launching a programme to provide scholarships to 400,000 individuals in order to help them learn about emerging technologies. Some tech companies and training providers are also being good corporate citizens by offering people digital courses for free or at a discount, while academic institutions are likewise providing virtual skills training.
But, like Choy, Aggarwal believes much could be gained at a global level by collaboration:
Like the AI course in Finland, once it’s built it can be used by every citizen in the world at very little incremental cost. So local countries could develop a platform and then open up their educational resources to help reskill people across the world. It’s possibly about a year and a half away from everything being solid enough, but if everyone made public resources for the world, we’d all get a lot of value.
While each country and region may have come up with its own solutions for how to best support digital skills development, a clear message to come out of the discussion was that ultimately collaboration is the most effective way forwards. In other words, this is a global problem and so, rather than reinvent the wheel in multiple countries across the world, everyone would benefit from learning from each others’ lessons, experience and offerings. Because as we all know, the whole is always so much better than the sum of its parts.
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ONE cloud that seems to hang over an otherwise sunny hamburger-and-hot-dog-bar becue day is all the talk about burnt meats containing carcinogens.
Dr. Michael Pariza, director of the Food Research Institute at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, says there are two issues here. First, where there is smoke, there may be a carcinogen called benzopyrene.
''When fat from, for instance, a hamburger, drips onto the coals, the combustion causes smoke to come up and be absorbed into the surface of the meat,'' Dr. Pariza explained. ''The smoke contains benzopyrene,'' he said. In pure form, it has caused cancer in laboratory animals.
Then there are substances in food that, when cooked, may be dangerous. Proteins burned to a crisp beget mutagens, gene-damaging chemicals that have caused cancer in laboratory animals.
Other carcinogenic substances, creatines, are created when meat from mammals is subjected to regular cooking temperatures.Continue reading the main story
Dr. Pariza said, however, that to equal the levels of such carcinogens that produced tumors in laboratory animals, people must eat ''tons and tons'' of hamburger, a feat even the most Wimpy-like among us would find difficult.
Long-running research in several university laboratories, including one at the University of Wisconsin, has shown that the diets of the animals whose meat we barbecue may affect the cancer-causing nature of those meats. There also is a natural cancer inhibitor in meats known as CLA, or conjugated linoleic acid.
It sounds confusing and serious, but barbecue aficionados need not worry if they follow some common-sense guidelines about how, and how often, to barbecue.
The most important preventive measure you can take is to invoke the rule of moderation, in the temperatures at which you barbecue, in the frequency with which you eat barbecued foods and in the types of foods you barbecue; too much meat, regardless of how it is cooked, may increase your cancer risk.
''If you eat barbecue twice a day, there might be problems,'' said Florence Antoine, a science writer at the National Cancer Institute in Bethes da, Md. But there is no evidence that eating barbecued meat once a week increases cancer risks.
The Cancer Institute suggests cooking foods at lower temperatures. This means raising barbecue grills and lowering broiler racks.
If you intend to use wood when you barbecue, get hardwoods like maple or hickory rather than soft, resinous woods like pine. And stay away from the European practice of cooking over pine-cone fires. Pine cones and soft woods deposit large amounts of benzopyrene on food.
Mesquite wood deposits slightly higher levels of benzopyrene than other hard woods, but Dr. Pariza said that is not a problem for the average ''Kiss the Chef'' barbecuer, who throws a handful of mesquite chips on the coals.
Dr. Barry Commoner, the director of the Center for the Biology of Natural Systems at Queens College, said he knows of no advantage lava rocks - reusable coals - have over regular charcoal. ''If they're hot and fat drips on them you'll get nasty things,'' he said, as with charcoal.
Dr. Commoner, a serious barbecue fan, is having a special vertical barbecue made for him. The meat is hung on a folding rack between two vertical piles of coals. The fat drips down, avoiding the coals.
''It all comes down to how you're cooking,'' said Dr. Pariza. And what you are cooking on. ''Proper air circulation is very important,'' he said. That is something you are more likely to achieve with a good kettle-style barbecue than with a small hibachi.
Anticancer cooking tips are given in a publication from the National Cancer Institute called ''Diet, Nutrition and Cancer Prevention: The Good News.'' Write the Office of Cancer Communications, Building 31, Room 10A-24, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. 20892. Ask for publication No. 87-2878.
Ms. Antoine said that to balance your dietary karma, you can eat broccoli, brussels sprouts or other high-fiber, vitamin-rich green vegetables, which are known allies in the war on cancer. Such vegetables don't lend themselves to grilling, but are worth the trouble it takes to boil water.
Fish is still a good choice for barbecuing, since it seems to form few mutagens during cooking and contains fats shown to protect against cancer.
Of course, you can't wear your cancer wisdom as a shield against burns. To keep yourself in the backyard and away from a hospital emergency room, use a decent grill, not the $4.99 specials whose legs bow out under the weight of a few briquettes. You will just end up dumping hot coals all over your bare feet, which brings us to another caution: wear shoes and fireproof mitts. When Grilling, Don't Get Burned
DON'T use kerosene or gasoline to start a barbecue. To pep up a dying fire, take a few briquettes, put them in a pie plate and soak them with starter fluid. Add them to the pile already in the grill, and relight. You can go natural -using paper, twigs or sticks - to start a fire. Or try the chimney-style canister starter, with paper at the bottom and coals on top, to get things going. If you decide to use an electric starter, observe the usual precautions against shock.
To make your barbecuing experience as healthy as possible, don't burn or char meat. Barbecue or not, any pan searing or prolonged exposure to heat will result in pretty thorough charring. So it's better to cook on a metal grill than, for instance, in a cast-iron skillet, since the skillet increases contact with hot metal.
Use lower-fat cuts of beef so that fat doesn't drip on coals and cause flare-ups.
Cook food on foil on the grill. This prevents contact with flame.
Move food away from the heat source. In an oven, lower your broiler pan on the rack. On a barbecue, raise the grill.
Barbecue in a well-vented place, where smoke can waft away instead of accumulating on food. Be sure plenty of air circulates around cooking food.
If you barbecue with wood, know where the wood came from. Don't use wood from known pesticide-treated areas. Go for the hardwoods, like maple or hickory.
If you are using starter fluid, wait until it soaks into the coals before lighting, and let the coals burn awhile to insure that the food doesn't pick up the taste of the fluid.Continue reading the main story


The most common glass in use today, including float (window) and most art (Bullseye, Spectrum, etc.) is soda-lime glass. The basic recipe for soda-lime glass is silica, sodium oxide (soda ash or sodium oxide), and lime.
Potassium-lime (also called potash-lime) glass replaces the sodium-oxide with potash. Potash is typically potassium carbonate derived from wood ashes. Compared with soda-lime glass, potassium-lime glass is harder and more brilliant and has a shorter working range (the temperatures between which the glass changes from solid to molten).


Mozart or Mendelssohn, or our own Purcell, must be accounted for on the ground partly of his extra- ordinary exertions, but still more of the privations to which he was subjected from his very earliest years. His productions are enormous, even when measured by those of the two great German com- posers just named, or even of Beethoven, who lived to nearly double his years. At an age when Beethoven had produced one Symphony, he had written ten, besides all the mass of works great and small which form the extraordinary list in the Appendix to this article. ' Fairer hopes ' ? Had he lived, who can doubt that he would have thrown into the shade all his former achieve- ments ? But as we have endeavoured to explain, his music came so easily and rapidly that it was probably not exhausting. It was his privations, his absolute poverty, and the distress which he naturally felt at finding that no exertions could improve his circumstances, or raise him in the scale of existence, that in the end dragged him down. His poverty is shocking to think of. Nearly the first distinct glimpse we catch of him is in the winter of 1812, supplicating his brother for a roll, some apples, or a few halfpence, to keep off the hunger of the long fast in the freezing rooms of the Convict. Within a year of his death we catch sight of him again, putting up with coffee and biscuits because he has not 8%d. to buy his dinner with; selling his great Trio for 1 75. 6d. and his songs at lod. each, and dying the possessor of effects which were valued at little more than two pounds. Beside this the poverty of Mozart the first of the two great musicians whom Vienna has allowed to starve was wealth.
Such facts as these reduce the so-called friend- ship of his associates to its right level. With his astonishing power of production the commonest care would have ensured him a good living ; and that no one of his set was found devoted enough to take this care for him, and exercise that watch over ways and means which Nature had denied to his own genius, is a discredit to them all. They prate of their devotion to their friend, when not one of them had the will or the wit to prevent him from starving ; for such want as he often endured must inevitably have injured him, and we cannot doubt that his death was hastened by the absence of those comforts, not to say neces- saries, which should have nursed and restored the prodigal expenditure of his brain and nerves.
We are accustomed to think of Beethoven's end as solitary and his death as miserable, but what was his last illness compared to Schubert's ? Officious friends, like Pasqualati, sending him wine and delicacies ; worshipping musicians, like Hummel and Hiller, coming to his deathbed as if to a shrine ; his faithful attendants, Schindler, Hiittenbrenner and Breuning waiting on his every wish ; the sense of a long life of honour and renown ; of great works appreciated and beloved; the homage of distant countries, ex- pressed in the most substantial forms what a contrast to the lonely early deathbed, and the apparent wreck of such an end as Schubert's ! Time haa so altered the public sense of his merits
��that it is all but impossible to place oneself in the forlorn condition in which he must have resigned himself to his departure, and to realise the darkness of the valley of the shadow of death through which his simple sincere guileless soul passed to its last rest, and to the joyful resurrection and glorious renown which have since attended it. Then an intelligent and well- informed foreign musician could visit the Aus- trian capital and live in its musical circles, without so much as hearing Schubert's name. 1 Now memorials are erected to him in the most public places of Vienna, institutions are proud to bear his name, his works go through countless editions, and publishers grow rich upon the pro- ceeds even of single songs, while faces brighten and soften, and hands are clasped, as we drink in the gay and pathetic accents of his music.
For even his privations and his obscurity have now been forgotten in the justice since done to him, and in the universal affection with which he was regarded as soon as his works reached the outside world an affection which, as we have conclusively shown, has gone on increasing ever since his death". In the whole range of composers it may be truly said that no one is now so dearly loved as he, no one has the happy power so completely of attracting both the ad- miration and the affection of his hearers. To each one he is not only a great musician, not only a great enchanter, but a dear personal friend. If in his ' second state sublime ' he can know this, we may feel sure that it is a full compensation to his affectionate spirit for the many wrongs and disappointments that he en- dured while on earth.
The very wide field over which Schubert ranged in poetry has been more than once alluded to in the foregoing. It would be both interesting and profitable to give a list of the poems which he has set. Such a list, not without inaccuracies, will be found in Wurzbach's ' Biographical Lexi- con,' vol. xxxii. p. 94. Here we can only say that it includes 634 poems, by 100 authors, of whom the principal are :
Goethe 72; Schiller 54; Mayrhofer48; Miiller 44; Holty 25; Matthisson 27; Kosegarten 20; F. Schlegeli9; Klopstockip; Korneri6; Schober 15; Seidl 15; Salis 14; Claudius 13; Walter Scott 10 ; Rellstab 9 ; Uz 8 ; Ossian 7 ; Heine 6 ; Shakspeare 3 ; Pope I ; Colley Cibber I ; etc. etc.
�� ��VOL. III. PT. 3.
��Compared with the literature on other com- posers that on Schubert is not extensive.
Biographical. The original sources are scat- tered in German periodicals and elsewhere.
1. The first place must be given to Ferdinand Schu- bert's sketch, entitled 'Aus Franz Schuberts Leben,' four short papers which appeared in Schumann's period- ical, the 'Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik,' in Nos. 33-36 (April 23 May 3), 1839. These are written with great simplicity, and apparently great exactness ; but might
i Tha allusion la to E. Holmes, the biographer of Mozart, who passed some time in Vienna in the spring of 1827, evidently with the Tiew of finding out all that was best worth knowing in music, and yet does not mention Schubert's name. (See his 'Ramble uinong the Musiclau* of Germany.';


August 18, 2017
The book of Esther explains the origin of the Jewish holiday called “Purim.” The name is taken from the Persian word “Pur,” which meant “lot.” After Haman was promoted by King Xerxes (“Ahasuerus”), he was enraged by Mordecai the Jew’s failure to bow down at his passing. He determined to go before the king with a scheme to murder not only Mordecai, but the entire Jewish population within Persia. The casting of lots (“Pur”) was called for by Haman in order to determine the most fortuitous date for carrying out his scheme. Yet, even though the name of God is not named even once in the book of Esther, His hand is clearly seen in the result of the lot falling twelve months later. For this gave both Mordecai and Esther time to mediate for the Jewish people and ultimately save them from Haman’s plot. As the proverb is written, “The lot is cast into the lap, but its every decision is from the Lord” (Prov. 16:33). Even when the Lord is apparently absent, He is still working behind the scenes His purposes to unfold.
August 19, 2016
When the evil Haman convinced the king of Persia to issue a decree to annihilate the Jews, Queen Esther asked her fellow Jews to fast and pray for three days. One night during this time of prayer and fasting, the king couldn’t sleep. He asked his servants to bring his book of chronicles and memorable deeds and read them to him. Perhaps he hoped to fall asleep to their bedtime reading. However, the section they read reminded him of how Esther’s relative Mordecai had helped save him from an assassination conspiracy. This led to him honoring Mordecai and eventually, hanging Haman. What a coincidence that the king’s insomnia led to reading the exact report concerning Mordecai. This little book of Esther, which is notable in that it never mentions God, is filled with such “coincidences.” While God’s people fasted and prayed, He worked behind the scenes to move the king’s hand.
August 19, 2015
The orphaned Esther won King Xerxes’ beauty contest and was crowned as his queen. She went from being a Jewish orphan to a Persian queen. Yet, her cousin, Mordecai, who had raised her as his own when her parents died, asked her not to forget her people and to consider God’s purpose for her new position. When God elevates us to a new job or position, we should always consider how we might use it as a platform for doing His will. “Who knows?” Perhaps God put you just where you are today, so that you might tell someone about the One who can rescue them from sin and death.
August 18, 2014
The book of Esther is unique not in what it names, but in what it doesn’t. For the name of God is not mentioned. Yet clearly, God can be seen between the lines of every chapter. When God’s people find themselves under persecution, they often feel that God has abandoned them. They don’t see that He is at work behind the scenes. Esther, whose Hebrew name was Hadassah, became the queen of Persia, not by accident, but by God’s purpose in order to save the Jews from genocide. This little orphaned Jewish girl was adopted by her cousin Mordecai and chosen by King Xerxes to be Queen. She was the winner of the king’s Miss Universe contest. Her Persian name, Esther, means “star” (the word “aster” as in “asteroid,” is derived from the same root.). She was indeed a “star” in Persia and in the history of the Jews, as God used her to influence Xerxes decision to save them. Why has God given you your position of influence? Perhaps it’s for more than you think.
August 20, 2012
Noted for the absence of God’s name in its text, the book of Esther describes the origin of the Hebrew holiday of Purim. While God is not mentioned specifically, His help and favor are implied between the lines. I wonder how often God is at work in our lives without getting credit?
August 19, 2011
Esther won a beauty contest to become queen of Persia. God used her position to save her people. Why have you come into your position? Is it for your edification or is it a platform from which to announce the coming King?


Synthetic fertilizer use contributes to manatee, dolphin, and pelican deaths
Synthetic fertilizer running off into the Indian River estuary may have contributed to disrupting the balance of its rich marine ecosystem. Recent nitrogen spikes in the water have caused large algal blooms, which blanket the estuary and kill the underwater sea grass fields that are the main food source and habitat for the estuary fauna. Sea grass is a large part of the manatee diet, and its disappearance has coincided with Banana River manatee deaths, potentially caused by algae consumption. In the past year, 280 manatees have died, accompanied by pelicans and bottlenose dolphins. While the specific causes of these deaths remain elusive, many scientists hypothesize that the algal blooms are responsible. The estuary is badly overloaded with nitrogen, an essential plant nutrient found in fertilizers, containing 45 percent more nitrogen than is acceptable. Researchers fear this may signal the collapse of the delicate estuary ecosystem.


Unprecedented disclosures from the University of California recently hit the scientific world. The Vegetal DNA Biologic Unit, led by professor Jason K. Sirztlig, published an article on the Tree Journal, demonstrating a common genetic code between humans and plants. Sirztlig claims vegetal life was thriving on our planet well before the first animal ever set paw or hoof on its surface. Algae formed 3.4 billion years ago while the first animals showed up 2.8 billion years later.
If this new theory, supported by scientific evidence (still waiting for approval) is going to be correct, the Radix Communis by Ernst Haeckel, considered the most accurate evolutionary map for more than 150 years, must be entirely reconsidered.
The tree of life – Sirztlig sustains – starts from a tree. “It’s not a coincidence we have been using the tree, with all its branches, to illustrate a metaphor of our evolution”. Sirztlig has been studying sequoia trees for 50 years. What initially was, in his words, a flight of imagination, soon became a lifetime’s obsession. “For many years nobody considered even for a second my theory” – Sirztlig explained at a TED conference last month – “even my closest collaborators in Prague were skeptical. Then, in the spring of 1987, I met these guys from the Brandpowder Team. They immediately showed a keen interest for my ideas and introduced me to Karl Mutt, then director of the Bio Genetic Lab at UCLA. He was the only one willing to listen to my story and to give me the necessary support. In a matter of few weeks I had ten people working for me on the project. I was asked to work in an underhand manner. The whole thing was partly financed by private investors and pharmaceutical companies that were paranoid about information leaks. All of a sudden it seemed everybody was interested in what they called my “sequoia” theory.
Suicide, according to Sirztlig. The logging of a sequoia in Redwood Nat’l Park, 1882. Courtesy of Nat Geo.
Sirztlig’s point of view can be unsettling, at times. When he speaks of human blood and its “shared roots” with chlorophyll, for instance, he ventures to say our blood was originally green, only to turn red, its complementary color, two million years ago.
Truth is, many aspects of Sirztlig’s theory remain still foggy if not unclear. To admit sequoia trees are in some ways our relatives is a bit too speculative, but all of us at Brandpowder are still happy to have been helpful to Mr Sirztlig because new theories are always welcome, especially when they challenge the corrupted status quo of the scientific world.
Professor Jason K. Sirztlig hiking in the Brooks Range (1963). His first interest in orology (study of mountains, not watches) led him to spend three years in Alaska. “When you live up there, you know why it’s still called the Last Frontier”.
Professor Sirztlig, today. He retired in Petrolia, Northern California. “I decided to live close to the Redwood National Park,” he says “this way I can be near to my dear grand grand grand grand grandfather” he told us with a broad smile.
(This is an excerpt from the article “Sequoia Man” published by Dna Today – August 2013 issue III).


Date of this Version
Crisler, M. M. (2019). The effects of biased literature on self- and social-perceptions of LGBTQ individuals. Undergraduate Honors Thesis. University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
Though media portrayal of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals has increased significantly in recent years, the representation has brought and cemented harmful stereotypes along with it. People who are discovering their identity as sexual minorities might consume media that portrays LGBTQ individuals negatively, or even kills them in many cases, and believe that they are doomed to the same outcome. Literature is no exception to this influx of negative stereotypes. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of stereotypes in LGBTQ literature on those who identify with the characters presented in the text to the same extent that LGBTQ stereotypes in television have been explored. This study employs priming to determine if negative or positive biases in literature excerpts cause readers to perceive their sexuality negatively or positively respectively, with a neutral text as a control condition. By contacting over 100 LGBTQ resource centers at universities across the country and having their leaders send the survey to their listserv, 50 participants were recruited to respond to the survey. Results from this study were meant to give insight into the ways literature can influence social identity and self-perception.


By Ana Theresa F. Basilio-Williams
Your thyroid is a but-terfly-shaped gland located at the base of your neck just below your Adam’s apple. Goiter is an abnormal enlarge-ment of your thyroid gland. Al-though goiters are usually painless, a large goiter can cause a cough and make it difficult for you to swallow or breathe.
The most common cause of goiter worldwide is a lack of iodine in the diet. In the United States, where the use of iodized salt is common, a goiter is more often due to the over- or underproduction of thyroid hormones or to nodules that develop in the gland itself.
Treatment depends on the size of the goiter, your symptoms and the under-lying cause. Small goiters that aren’t noticeable and don’t cause problems usually don’t need treat-ment. And with the big size of goiter that Miss BB has, she certainly needs an operation soon because of the presence of dyspnea or difficulty in breathing.
Your thyroid gland pro-duces two main hormones — thyroxine (T-4) and triiodothyronine (T-3).
These hormones circu-late in your bloodstream and help regulate your metabolism. They maintain the rate at which your body uses fats and carbohydrates, help control your body temperature, influence your heart rate, and help regulate the production of proteins. Your thyroid gland also produces calcitonin — a hormone that helps regulate the amount of calcium in your blood.
Your pituitary gland and hypothalamus control the rate at which these hormones are produced and released.
The pro-cess begins when the hypothalamus — an area at the base of your brain that acts as a thermos-tat for your whole system — signals your pituitary gland to make a hormone known as thyroid-stimu-lating hormone (TSH). Your pituitary gland — also located at the base of your brain — releases a certain amount of TSH, depending on how much thyroxine and T-3 are in your blood. Your thyroid gland, in turn, regulates its production of hormones based on the amount of TSH it receives from the pituitary gland.
Having a goiter doesn’t necessarily mean that your thyroid gland isn’t working normally. Even when it’s enlarged, your thyroid may produce normal amounts of hormones. It might also, however, produce too much or too little thyroxine and T-3.
Aside from iodine defi-ciency, you have thyroid gland enlargement when there’s too much thyroid hormone or hyperthyroi-dism leading to Graves’ disease. Another common cause is Hashimoto’s disease or the opposite of Graves’ where there’s underactive thyroid known as hypothyroidism.
Multinodular goiter, solitary thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer, pregnancy and thyroiditis or inflam-matory condition of the thyroid gland all can lead to goiter.
HEALTHWATCHING: Cast all your anxieties unto Me (Jesus Christ) because I cared for you. 1 Peter 5:7


We all know what its like to be on the inside and on the outside. High school was full of various ups and downs that made us feel on top of the world one day and at the bottom of the food chain the next. Some of us have gone through life feeling on the outside, without anywhere to turn. In Rabelais’ Gargantua and Pantagruel, Montaigne’s Essays, and Shakespeare’s Othello, the experiences of being on the inside with that of being on the outside are often hard to differentiate. In Francois Rabelais’ Gargantua and Pantagruel, the distinction between the outside and the inside involves the outside of Pantagruel’s mouth with the world inside his mouth. When Alcofribas first descended into Pantagruel’s mouth, he discovered a man planting cabbage.
He found that there were several people living in Pantagruel’s mouth that fed off of the birds that flew in and the food that Pantagruel had eaten. The people had learned to survive in there for some time. Alcofribas soon discovered that the world in Pantagruel’s mouth was not that different from the world outside. The citizens still had to work and provide for themselves. However, he liked it better than the outside world because he was not required to do much and it was mostly a safe place to live, aside from the robbers in the valley.
Alcofribas stayed much longer than he had planned because it turned out to be so much easier for him to live inside Pantagruel’s mouth. Eventually, Alcofribas wrote about his feelings of the world inside titled History of An Elegant Throat Land, which he had named the land inside Pantagruel. Alcofribas never stated which world he would rather live in, but only says of the two: “And I began to think how true it was that half the world has no idea how the other half lives, seeing as no one has ever written a thing about that world down there, although it is inhabited by more than twenty-five kingdoms… .” (The Norton Anthology, 1920).
... fall open. A wave of fresh air rushed inside the train.People inhumanly crammed, buried under incredible ... -weary, desperate cries. Heads push through the windows, mouths gasp frantically for air. They draw a few breaths, ... were a superior race destined to rule the world. Hitler drilled this thought into the minds ... to mind. To be more specific, many world-changing events have occurred. Many of them have ...
The comparison of experiences between the outside and the inside in Gargantua and Pantagruel is very similar in that the people in both worlds do what they must to survive. Also, both worlds think that they are the most important, mainly because they have never experienced the other world. The people inside Pantagruel’s mouth knew of an outside world, but they were mainly concerned with how they lived and what came from that world that helped them. Those that lived in the outside world were not even aware that another world apart from theirs existed. Rabelais used this to draw attention to the fact that we assume that we are the only ones in this world and that where we live is the most important. In Gargantua and Pantagruel, the literal outside world thinks that they are on the inside figuratively and the literal inside world thinks the same thing, but neither realizes that one is no better than the other.
In Montaigne’s Essays, “Of Cannibals” is related to European society of that time. Montaigne compares and contrasts Europe with a band of natives that practice cannibalism. He criticizes what he sees as social flaws, such as “treachery, disloyalty, tyranny, and cruelty,” (Norton, 1939) and expresses rage at what he sees as society’s acceptance of these “ordinary vices.” Throughout the essay, Montaigne’s words become more harsh towards the Westerners. He also lets us know that the natives are not as pure as he led on when he reveals the reason for their cannibalism, stating “this is not, as many people think, for nourishment… it is to betoken an extreme revenge.” (Norton, 1938) He appallingly uses this knowledge to show how much worse his own culture is by describing the torture Westerner’s inflict on their own enemies.
... manner we have been conditioned and programmed. In brave new world, people are conditioned by hypnopaedia to say particular sentences regularly. ! ... +/- (New York Times). In the same way, in Brave New World, people feel sickness and are disgusted with looking Linda. Contrast to ... people in Brave New World, Linda! s aging, senility and ugliness makes ...
Montaigne adopts the natives’ view that Westerners are “much greater masters than themselves in every sort of wickedness.” He also writes against his people, saying, “So we may call these people barbarians, in respect to the rules of reason, but not in respect to ourselves, who surpass them in every kind of barbarity.” (Norton, 1938) Montaigne also said that there was more barbarity in eating a man while he was still alive, which the Westerners did, than in eating him while he was already dead, which the natives did. Montaigne once again compares this to the European society of that time, saying “we have not only read but seen within fresh memory, not among ancient enemies, but among neighbors and fellow citizens” (Norton, 1938) He was an outsider in a world and at a time when it was dangerous, speaking out against the so-called “insiders” in Europe. In William Shakespeare’s Othello, the comparisons of being on the outside with that of being on the inside are more blunt and outright. We are aware from the beginning that Othello is a different race from the others by Iago’s remarks that he is “the Moor”, “the thick lips”, a “barbary horse,” and an “old black ram” (Norton, 2116-2119) They also refer to Othello as “he” and “him” when mentioned, never out rightly saying his name.
Othello is the outsider from the beginning, but he proves to be the better man throughout the play. Iago is the one on the inside of their society, but he proves to be a bad man. Othello is on the outside from the rest of his society in a good way as well. Everyone looks up to him for his conquests and heroic efforts. When the Duke hears from Barbanzio, he is ready to convict the man who stole Barbanzio’s daughter, until he hears it is Othello. He then gives him a chance to defend himself, showing the respect that the people feel for Othello, saying “What in your own part can you say to this?” (Norton, 2124) Othello then woos the crowd with words, as he did with Desdemona.
... of Iago leads him to almost get away with the systematic murder of four people. As well as turning the noble Othello into ... that another has conspired to ruin Othello s honeymoon. When Brabantio confronts Othello, Iago takes his place as Othello s one and only loyal ... by individuals. One can clearly see these flaws in Othello when Iago pours lies into his head about Desdemona and Cassio. In ...
Othello has a good heart, but lets his jealousy get in the way too often, resulting in tragedy. The whole story begins with Iago’s jealousy of Othello and how much the people respect him, even though he is black. Even back then, people were still showing indifference towards people of various races. Iago wanted the crowd to think of him like they thought of Othello, or he wanted to have inside what Othello did. Iago tried to take the exterior of Othello and use it to his advantage and Othello’s disadvantage. In the end, Othello’s exemplary blackness among the whites in Othello proved to be the basis for all that happened throughout.
If Iago had not used the racial names in the beginning, then Barbanzio would not have gone into such an uproar and Othello and Desdemona would have lived. There is a saying that comes to mind when I analyze these stories: What is popular is not always right, and what is right is not always popular. This phrase could describe Rabelais’ Gargantua and Pantagruel in that Rabelais’ wrote about what was unknown at the time, saying that we may not be the only people living, and that there could be various worlds that exist that we don’t know about. When I read Montaigne’s Essays, I immediately thought of that quote because Montaigne wrote about the cruelty of the people in Europe of that time, despite what the people would think of him. As for Shakespeare’s Othello, Iago was the one on the inside of the crowd and he had the worst heart of anyone, while Othello was on the outside of the crowd and possessed the best heart of anyone.
Throughout these stories, it is right to say that each of these authors wrote against what the rest of their countries were doing wrong at that time. They are now being praised for being on the outside of what is considered right.


Students make a date with history as they film unveiling of bronze plaque to mark the first demonstration of television
Ravensbourne broadcast and television production students recently had the opportunity to film the unveiling of a bronze history plaque in central London to mark the 91st anniversary of the first public demonstration of television.
The students gathered at Frith Street where engineer and inventor John Logie Baird gave the world’s first demonstration of live television at his home on 22 January 1926 to members of the Royal Institution. Baird used the first floor as a workshop during 1924-1926 and in 1930 the BBC adopted Baird’s system for its first television broadcast service in 1930.
The unveiling of the plaque was part of a wider event organised by IEEE, the world’s largest professional association which aims to advance innovation and technological excellence for the benefit of humanity.
The students were asked to film the plaque’s reveal which had to be edited and delivered to IEEE the same day to be screened at an event which celebrated the evolution of television through to the digital age and featured key industry speakers from IEEE and Sky.
Producer and Editor of the film and BA (Hons) Digital Television Production student Matt Wright said: “This was a great opportunity for myself and other TV production students.
“Turning around the film the same day meant coordinating the production, arranging the crew, liaising with IEEE and businesses on location which was a great challenge. We were taught to treat IEEE like clients and learnt how to work as professionals working in the industry.
“It was a fantastic day and a real honour to be filming something about the founder of what I’m studying today.”


Army officials at Camp Edwards believed they were being eco-friendly when they started using a "green bullet" that contains no lead — a move meant to prevent polluting an aquifer beneath the base.
But six years later, after a million rounds have been fired at the base's shooting ranges, new information suggests the green bullets may not be much better for the environment than the lead ones.
"It's frustrating," Col. William FitzPatrick of the National Guard's Environmental Readiness Center said Thursday. "You're doing what you think are the right things. As science evolves, you wonder, 'Am I in front of the curve, or behind?"'
The green bullets are made of nylon and tungsten, a metal that supposedly does not seep into ground as quickly as lead. That's important because the aquifer below the base supplies upper Cape Cod with drinking water.
But conventional wisdom about tungsten has been challenged by tests done in recent years at the Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, N.J.
Lab tests there found in 2002 that tungsten was not insoluble and that it could travel through soil under certain conditions. It also found that tungsten enables lead to move through the soil more quickly.
The Army has now begun field tests on how tungsten moves through the ground.
Camp Edwards is part of the Massachusetts Military Reservation, which covers 30 square miles. It's been a major training center for decades.
The camp has had a history of environmental problems since it opened in 1911.
Jet fuel, solvents and other pollutants contaminated the aquifer and the groundwater is now under constant monitoring.
In 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ordered target practice halted at the camp and ordered a clean-up of lead buried in and around the berms at the base shooting ranges.
Lead was later found 19 feet underground and moving toward the aquifer — though it never reached the water.
For now, the tungsten bullets are still officially considered safe by the Department of Defense, and they are still used at the base.
© 2005 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


Our most pleasurable hobbies are often some of the most expensive--this is especially true for those who are fortunate enough to own their own aircraft. Between hangar fees, fuel, and general maintenance, the costs can reach into the tens of thousands of dollars at years' end--and many look to find ways to save money. This leads to one of the most common questions we hear at Aviation Oil Outlet: Can you substitute automotive engine oil for aviation oil?
The short answer is no.
The differences between automotive and aircraft engines
Automotive engines are water cooled, while most aircraft engines are air cooled to keep the overall aircraft weight down. An air-cooled engine depends on the oil to carry heat away from the cylinders, to the cylinder head, and/or out to an oil cooler to help manage the heat. There can be a 300-degree temperature difference from the oil-cooled cylinder head to the cylinder base in an aircraft engine. This is why aircraft engines have to have large clearances: they allow the metal within the cylinder to become distorted. The larger clearances will, by design, allow oil to pass through the cylinder and be burned.
Water-cooled engines, on the other hand, carry away the heat using a coolant system. This allows for much better temperature regulation and tighter tolerances within the engine. Tighter tolerances mean the engine oil is less likely to burn. The oil used in this type of engine does aid in cooling the engine by carrying away heat, but its primary function is to lubricate.
Air-cooled aircraft engines are also prone to what is called "shock cooling," which happens when an aircraft is descending from cruising altitude on approach to land. The aircraft is throttled back, producing less heat from the engine, but gaining airspeed, causing the engine to cool down very quickly. Rapid reduction in temperature can cause cylinder heads to crack, but by using the above-mentioned oil cooled cylinder heads, this problem has been reduced dramatically. The oil still passing through the cylinder head remains warm, slowing the rate of temperature decrease within the head.
So now that we know what the oil's primary roles are in these two engine types we can now discuss the difference in the oil itself.
Automotive vs. Aircraft Oil
Aircraft engines were designed before ashless dispersants were being added to the oil, and little has changed since. Ashless dispersants help prevent the formation of metallic ash and disperse contaminants so they are suspended in the oil, preventing them from clumping together and forming sludge. These contaminants are then passed through the oil filter and removed from the oil. The benefits of using ashless dispersants were recognized first in automotive engine oils and were quickly adopted for aviation use.
The main difference in aircraft engine oil and automotive engine oil is the additives. The great divide between automotive and aviation oil occurred with the addition of zinc anti-wear and detergents containing metal: these metal containing additives did not bode well in the high-heat environment of an air-cooled piston engine. As mentioned above, these type of engines burn a large amount of oil, and any detergents containing metals and anti-wear compounds like zinc can form metallic ash deposits in the combustion chamber. This can cause pre- ignition within the chamber and actually burn holes in the tops of pistons...the results would be catastrophic to the engine. This is not something you want to happen while cruising along at an altitude of 15,000 feet. This is the main reason why aviation oils as we know them today remain ashless.
While certain additives have been found to be extremely beneficial in automotive engine oils, such as zinc for antiwear, they should not be used in aviation oil. There are specific non-ash-containing additives designed specifically for use in aviation oil; while the purpose of the additive is the same, the chemical makeup is entirely different.
Unfortunately, aviation lubricant additives can be up to 10 times higher in cost than traditional metal-containing automotive additives, which is why the price of aviation oil is, for the most part, more expensive than passenger car motor oil.
Although the difference in price might tempt you to save some money maintaining your aircraft, any potential savings do not outweigh the potentially catastrophic costs. If you're looking to save some money, do yourself a favor and avoid cutting corners: rent out your aircraft when you are not enjoying it or get rid of the hangar and tie it down on the ramp. Either option is a much cheaper alternative than cutting corners on correct maintenance.


Development of intuitive rules: Evaluating the application of the dual-system framework to understanding children’s intuitive reasoning
935 - 953
MetadataShow full item record
Theories of adult reasoning propose that reasoning consists of two functionally distinct systems that operate under entirely different mechanisms. This theoretical framework has been used to account for a wide range of phenomena, which now encompasses developmental research on reasoning and problem solving. We begin this review by contrasting three main dual-system theories of adult reasoning (Evans & Over, 1996; Sloman, 1996; Stanovich & West, 2000) with a well-established developmental account that also incorporates a dual-system framework (Brainerd & Reyna, 2001). We use developmental studies of the formation and application of intuitive rules in science and mathematics to evaluate the claims that these theories make. Overall, the evidence reviewed suggests that what is crucial to understanding how children reason is the saliency of the features that are presented within a task. By highlighting the importance of saliency as a way of understanding reasoning, we aim to provide clarity concerning the benefits and limitations of adopting a dual-system framework to account for evidence from developmental studies of intuitive reasoning.
AuthorsOsman, M; Stavy, MOR
- Psychology


Clemens said, “History never repeats itself, but it does often rhyme.” It may also have meter. One century ago there was a rhythmic beat of discontent in Germany following the surprise announcement of surrender on the Western Front.
People were shocked. They were totally unprepared for that news. German generals had known for most of 1918 that the war was lost. Soldiers were being overtaken in the trenches by an influenza that was horribly lethal and easily spread in the wretched conditions of the battlefield. Nonetheless, the bubble of wartime propaganda repelled all contradictory information and fed the populace a steady diet of great victory über alles.
In the Wagner opera Götterdämmerung, Siegfried is speared in the back by his enemy Hagen. In post-1918 Germany, the act of a hero stabbed this way was called Dolchstoßlegende. That became the new national narrative, peddled by the same German generals who had spent the previous years inflating minor victories, insisting they were “undefeated in the field,” and repackaged the armistice as treacherous, stab-in-the-back defeatism and diplomatic retreat. The Kaiser was forced to abdicate. Three juggernaut blame games — lack of patriotism and faith in the Aryan bloodline, communists, and global cabals of Jews — were seized upon by patriotic brown-shirted war veterans and right wing fanatics. The Wiemar Republic was so de-legitimized by the viral stab-in-the-back myth that the 1933 burning of the Reichstag and ascent of Hitler were virtually assured.
We should remember that the Reichstag fire was not the first attempt at power by German radical nationalists. The History Channel recalled:
By November 1923, Hitler and his associates had concocted a plot to seize power of the Bavarian state government (and thereby launch a larger revolution against the Weimar Republic) by kidnapping Gustav von Kahr (1862–1934), the state commissioner of Bavaria, and two other conservative politicians. Hitler’s plan involved using Erich Ludendorff (1865–1937), the right-wing World War I general, as a figurehead to lead a march on Berlin to overthrow the Weimar Republic. Hitler’s proposed putsch was inspired by the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini (1883–1945), whose march on Rome in October 1922 had been successful in ousting the liberal Italian government.
Hearing that von Kahr was scheduled to address a large crowd in the Bürgerbräukeller, one of the biggest beer halls in Munich, on November 8, 1923, Hitler took hundreds of his followers and surrounded the hall that evening. The Nazi Party leader and about 20 of his associates burst into the hall, and Hitler fired a shot into the ceiling and declared a “national revolution.”
Ludendorff attempted to salvage the situation by calling on Hitler’s followers for a spontaneous march on the city center. He led about 2,500–3,000 supporters in the direction of the Bavarian Defense Ministry. On their way, the marchers were blocked by a group of state police officers. The two groups exchanged fire, and four police officers were killed along with 16 Nazis. Hitler suffered a dislocated shoulder when he fell to the ground. He crawled along the pavement and was taken away in a waiting car, leaving his comrades behind.
In November 2018, marking the 100th anniversary of Armistice Day, IMF Chair Christine Lagarde noted striking similarities to our times:
Then, as now, rising inequality and the uneven gains from technological change and globalization contributed to a backlash. In the run-up to the war countries responded by scrambling for national advantage, forsaking the idea of mutual cooperation in favor of zero-sum dominance. The result was catastrophe — the full weight of modern technology deployed toward carnage and destruction…. As John Maynard Keynes — one of the IMF’s founding fathers — wrote in response to the Versailles Treaty, the insistence on imposing financial ruin on Germany would eventually lead to disaster. He was entirely correct.
Whether the Capitol Riot of 2021 is to be a turning point or a prelude may well depend on the willingness of the Senate to affirm Articles of Impeachment against the now US President, even if he is no longer sitting by the time they try the matter. If they fail to bar him from holding public office in the future, no one can say for sure that his 74 million voters and 80 million Twitter followers could not be stirred to action once more, and rather than admit they had been deceived about the China virus, the federal bureaucratic swamp, fake news and all the rest, believe they had been stabbed in the back by Satan-worshiping pizzagate pedophile elites disguised as a political party, who with bankers and blacks have control of the Deep State.
Right now that could go either way.
As the world confronts the pandemic and emerges into recovery, there is growing recognition that the recovery must be a pathway to a new carbon economy, one that goes beyond zero emissions and runs the industrial carbon cycle backwards — taking CO2 from the atmosphere and ocean, turning it into coal and oil, and burying it in the ground. The triple bottom line of this new economy is antifragility, regeneration, and resilience.
Help me get my blog posted every week. All Patreon donations and Blogger subscriptions are needed and welcomed. You are how we make this happen. Your contributions are being made to Global Village Institute, a tax-deductible 501(c)(3) charity. PowerUp! donors on Patreon get an autographed book off each first press run. Please help if you can.


Vinyl Chloride In Cigarettes
Vinyl chloride is one of the many harmful chemicals found in cigarette smoke. Sometimes known as chloroethene, vinyl chloride is a colourless, flammable gas.
Vinyl chloride does not occur naturally, instead it is a man made substance that is used in manufacturing to produce the polymer polyvinyl chloride, or PVC. PVC is one of the most common synthetic plastics in the world and is used to make pipes, doors, windows and non-food packaging.
A number of health risks have been linked to vinyl chloride exposure, including liver and bone damage. Vinyl chloride has also been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a Group 1 carcinogen. This means that exposure to vinyl chloride has been proven to cause cancer in humans.
Vinyl chloride is used in the manufacture of cigarette filters. Studies have shown that low levels of vinyl chloride are present in both firsthand and secondhand cigarette smoke.
Vinyl Chloride Exposure
Vinyl chloride in cigarette smoke is just one of the ways that we are exposed to vinyl chloride in our day to day lives. Inhalation is the most common way that vinyl chloride enters the body, so breathing contaminated air is the main source of this toxic chemical. Vinyl chloride can also be ingested from contaminated water sources, but this is far less common than inhalation.
There are generally very low levels of vinyl chloride in the air around us, but these levels can rise dramatically in certain locations. Factories where plastics are produced are one of the biggest sources along with landfill sites where hazardous waste from plastic production is disposed of.
As you’ve probably already guessed, cigarettes are the most obvious way that we’re exposed to vinyl chloride, unless you work in a plastics factory or live near an industrial waste landfill.
Vinyl Chloride in Cigarettes
The vinyl chloride found in cigarette smoke is actually at low levels, less than thirty nanograms per cigarette. The vinyl chloride is used to make cigarette filters and as smoke passes through the filter it picks up small amounts of vinyl chloride.
But the health risks associated with vinyl chloride are still a problem even at low levels. Research has shown that long term exposure to low levels of vinyl chloride increases the risk of developing cancer as well as organ damage.
Cancer And Other Risks
There are a number of different factors that affect how dangerous exposure to vinyl chloride can be to our health. Some of these are obvious, like the level of vinyl chloride we’re exposed to and the duration of the exposure, but some might be less obvious.
Vinyl chloride is a gas at room temperatures and inhalation is both the most common form of exposure and the most dangerous. The amount of vinyl chloride found in water and food is at extremely low levels and this harmful chemical is absorbed rapidly into the body through the lungs. Vinyl chloride can also be absorbed through the skin.
Like other toxic chemicals, the age and health of the person exposed as well as what other chemicals they’re exposed to are also factors in how quickly it can cause health problems. Younger and healthier bodies will be able to get rid of vinyl chloride faster and will be damaged less quickly, but this damage can still build up over time. Smoking increases the risk of health problems because cigarette smoke contains a large number of harmful chemicals that the body has to deal with.
After being absorbed into the bloodstream through the lungs, vinyl chloride is carried to different organs around the body. The liver and kidneys end up with the highest concentrations, followed by the lungs and spleen.
Vinyl chloride is mostly processed by the liver and removed from the body in urine. When processing vinyl chloride, the liver produces a variety of substances which linger, reacting with other chemicals in our bodies and causing further health problems.
Low levels of exposure to vinyl chloride can cause flu like symptoms including, headaches, dizziness, nausea and drowsiness. Over time exposure can also damage the central nervous system and lead to depression and cardiac arrhythmia.
Exposure to vinyl chloride in cigarette smoke can also cause irritation to the eyes, throat and lungs. And studies of the effect of vinyl chloride on animals have shown that long term exposure can reduce sperm count and mobility.
Exposure to higher levels of vinyl chloride as well as long term exposure to this toxic chemical can cause organ damage, neurological problems and cancer.
Research has shown that high levels of vinyl chloride in the body can damage the liver, lungs and kidneys as well as weakening the heart and inhibiting blood clotting. In industrial environments where exposure to vinyl chloride is at its highest, workers have developed nerve damage as well as neurological disorders.
Vinyl chloride has been classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. This means that there is sufficient evidence to prove that exposure to vinyl chloride can cause cancer in humans.
There are a number of cancers associated with vinyl chloride exposure including, liver, brain and lung cancer as well as lymphoma and leukaemia. Long term exposure has also been linked with cancers of the blood a well as rare forms of liver cancer.
What It All Comes Down To
While it may only be present at low levels, vinyl chloride can cause serious health problems over time, including cancer, organ damage and even death. Reducing our exposure to this toxic chemical helps reduce our risk of developing health problems.
Vinyl chloride is just one of a huge number of harmful chemicals found in cigarette smoke. On their own these chemicals can all cause damage to our bodies and together they are more dangerous as our bodies can only process so much toxic chemical at a time. Quitting smoking is a great way to reduce our exposure to vinyl chloride as well as these other dangerous chemicals.


The American system of criminal prosecution is an accusatorial system, meaning the government, after accusing the defendant must prove its allegations by an adversary process. An adversary process is one in which each side (the prosecution and the defense) presents its most persuasive arguments to the judge or jury.
For example, the prosecution presents facts that support its case and points out weaknesses in the defendant's arguments. The fact finder (the judge or jury) then decides the case based on the evidence that has been presented. Accusatorial system is the same as adversarial system.


Lilac bushes (Syringa vulgaris) are low-maintenance shrubs prized for their fragrant purple, pink or white blossoms. These shrubs or small trees thrive in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 3 through 9, depending on the variety. Read on for information about how to harvest lilac seeds and lilac seed propagation.
Do Lilac Bushes Have Berries?
If you ask: “Do lilac bushes have berries,” the answer is no. Lilac bushes do not produce berries. However, they do produce seeds.
Growing Lilac Seeds
Lilacs produce seeds in seed heads. Lilac bushes can be propagated from those seeds. The seed heads form after the flowers finish blooming. They are brown, large and not very ornamental.
You will not get seed heads the first year you plant your lilacs, nor, probably, the second. The lilac bushes do not bloom immediately after they are established. It usually takes at least three years before you get blooms on your lilacs.
Once your lilac bush starts flowering, your plant will start producing lilac seed pods that, in turn, start growing lilac seeds. If you are thinking of growing these bushes from lilac seed propagation, you will have to wait until your bush produces seed pods.
How to Harvest Lilac Seeds
If you want to grow additional lilac plants, collecting and storing seeds is an efficient and inexpensive alternative. But first you have to learn how to harvest lilac seeds.
If you want to plant seeds, your best bet is to handpick seeds from the best lilac blooms. Selecting lilac seed pods from the most attractive flowers ensure healthier and more beautiful plants.
Lilac bushes generally bloom in springtime for several weeks. Once the flowers are wilted, the lilacs produce clusters of brown, nut-like fruit. This fruit also dries in time and splits open to reveal the lilac seed pods within.
The basic procedure for how to harvest lilac seeds is simple. You pull seeds from the dried lilac seed pods after the flower blooms have dried on the bush. You can store the seeds until you are ready to plant them.
Lilac Seed Propagation
The lilac seeds sprout quickly, but before you rely too heavily on lilac seed propagation, check and see if your lilac is a hybrid. Plants grown from hybrid seeds rarely grow true to the parent plant. Since most lilacs are hybrids, lilac seed propagation can often be disappointing. If this is the case, perhaps growing lilac cuttings would prove more effective.


24 Weeks Pregnant
Here's what's happening during Week 24 of your pregnancy.
Your Growing Baby:
The fetus develops waking/sleeping patterns. Real hair (not lanugo) begins to grow on the head. Length: about 12 inches; weight: 1 ¼ pounds. Fetus fact: If born now, your baby would have about a 50 percent chance of surviving.
Your baby's skin becomes less translucent as pigment is deposited, and it looks wrinkly because her body is making her skin more quickly than it makes the fat to pad underneath it. Your baby's unique hand- and footprints are forming. You may feel jumps as she has bouts of hiccups. In fact, it may seem like the baby is in perpetual motion. Some babies now kick in response to sounds and touch from outside the womb. Encourage your partner to talk to the baby, and see if she kicks in response!
Your Growing Belly:
Your uterus is about 1 1/2 to 2 inches above your belly button, and your bump is definitely apparent and hard to disguise!
You may be suffering from heartburn, muscle aches, sore feet, fatigue, and dizziness. Call your care provider if you feel dizzy often or if you faint; it may be a sign of anemia. Dizziness if often caused by low blood sugar or by standing up too fast. Rise slowly, and eat regularly.
Tips & To-Do's:
Old Wives Vs. Science
Folk wisdom or science? if you suffer from heartburn during pregnancy, your baby is likely to be born with a full head of hair. Answer: Science "Folksy" sounding but true. Researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore found that when pregnant women reported moderate heartburn, they had hairy newborns 82 percent of the time; the majority of heartburn-free women gave birth to bald babies. Find out how much of the pregnancy advice you receive is backed by research, and how much is mere folk wisdom.
Things to think about this week
Start shopping for baby furniture and nursery accessories. (Leave painting and furniture-refinishing to others; fumes can pose a hazard.) Check out our annual Buyer's Guide for top gear picks.
NEW: Listen to Our Week-by-Week Podcast All About Your Pregnancy
Each episode of the new Pregnancy Confidential podcast, hosted by our editors, walks listeners through the physical, emotional and all-round quirks of each week of pregnancy. This is real-talk, girlfriend-to-girlfriend stuff—no hard-to-understand medical information here—taking you through the real feelings of pregnancy so you're never alone. And it'll have you chuckling all along the way. All episodes available now!


SWelcome Parents, Students, and Friends to the Sharon School Theatre Arts Website!
Sharon Elementary Theatre Arts
Hello Everyone! Theatre Arts at Sharon Elementary is taught to Grades K-5. Theatre at Sharon is used to build a bridge to collaborate, as well as make connections with the Common Core curriculum. In Theatre class, students will imagine, create, and dramatize in order to bring life to text. English Language Arts will be an important part of the theatre classroom, and students will develop stronger reading skills through Readers Theatre. Students will gain confidence, and develop their Public Speaking Skills through participation in theatre performances and activities. Collaboration and group work will be used in class to create a working ensemble, or group of performers. This class will be an exciting, and different way of learning how to express thoughts, feelings, emotions, and words.
I am looking forward to an amazing school year with you all!