Where to Find Test Banks for Free
Test banks are invaluable resources for students preparing for exams. They contain a collection of questions and answers that cover the topics and concepts taught in a particular course. These test banks are typically provided by textbook publishers and are intended for instructors to use as a resource when creating exams. However, students can also benefit from accessing test banks as they provide additional practice questions and help them gauge their understanding of the course material. While test banks are often not freely available, there are several sources where students can find them for free.
1. Online Forums and Communities
One of the easiest ways to find free test banks is by joining online forums and communities dedicated to a specific subject or course. These forums are often inhabited by students who have previously taken the course and are willing to share their resources. Look for threads or posts where users have shared test banks or ask for them directly. Be mindful of the forum rules and etiquette, and remember that it’s always better to contribute to the community before asking for help.
2. Student Organizations and Study Groups
Many student organizations and study groups maintain collections of test banks for various courses. Getting involved with these groups can grant you access to their resources, including test banks. Reach out to organizations related to your field of study or inquire with classmates who may be part of study groups. Collaborating with others not only provides access to test banks but also allows for group study and discussion, enhancing your understanding of the material.
3. University Libraries and Databases
University libraries often have extensive collections of resources, including test banks. Visit your university library’s website or speak with a librarian to inquire about accessing test banks. Some libraries may require you to be physically present to access these resources, while others may offer digital access from anywhere with your student credentials.
Additionally, university databases such as ProQuest, JSTOR, or EBSCOhost may contain test banks or related study materials. These databases are excellent sources for academic articles, research papers, and other educational materials. Check if your university provides access to these databases and explore their contents.
4. Online Document Sharing Platforms
Platforms like Scribd, Course Hero, and SlideShare allow users to upload and share documents, including test banks. While some of these platforms may require a subscription or payment for full access, you may find free snippets of test banks that can still be helpful. Search for the specific course or textbook you need, and you may stumble upon valuable resources uploaded by other students or educators.
Q: Are test banks legal to use?
A: Test banks are not intended for student use, as they are copyrighted materials owned by textbook publishers. However, the legality of using test banks for self-study purposes is a gray area. It’s always recommended to seek permission from the instructor or educational institution before using test banks.
Q: Can test banks help me study?
A: Yes, test banks are great study aids as they provide additional practice questions and allow you to assess your knowledge of the course material. However, it’s essential to use them ethically and not solely rely on memorizing answers without understanding the underlying concepts.
Q: How can I ensure the quality and accuracy of a test bank?
A: While it can be challenging to verify the quality and accuracy of a test bank, there are some indicators you can look for. Compare the questions and answers with those provided in your textbook or lecture slides. If there are discrepancies, it may be an indication of an incorrect or outdated test bank. Additionally, consult with your instructor or classmates to cross-reference the questions and answers.
In conclusion, test banks are valuable study resources for students preparing for exams. While they are typically not freely available, students can find them for free through online forums, student organizations, university libraries, and online document sharing platforms. However, it’s crucial to use test banks responsibly, seek permission when necessary, and focus on understanding rather than memorization. Happy studying!


With diagnosis of learning disorders such as ADD, ADHD, Executive Functioning Disorder and Asperger’s on the rise more and more people are turning towards the internet for answers and advice. Why is your child hyper-active? How is your son so inattentive in the classroom when you know first-hand how intelligent he is? The temptation is to find the proper label to place on a child, and to find the quick-fix.
The truth is there is no quick-fix. Regardless of what learning disability a child suffers from there are measures that can be taken and skills that can be learned that will help him or her not only in the classroom, but also in all areas of life. Actually cultivating the seemingly obvious skills of organization, time management, focus, and goal setting can literally turn a student’s life around. The key is in the consistency—something else students with these learning disabilities struggle with.
Orinda-based Nancy Chin works with students to accomplish just that. Her holistic approach is based on creating solid, consistent foundations that enable students to better manage their learning disorders and create success first in the classroom, and later beyond. Stop making it so complicated. Come back to square one, and step by intentional step your child will learn how to function with his or her learning disorder. Contact Nancy today.


Psyched for science
Welches students drawn to laboratory
Last year, Welches Elementary student Bruce Dyal took an after-school science class and got to launch a rocket from the school's playground. Even better, he got a rocket to take home.
'It turned out really well,' said Dyal, now 9 years old and in the third grade. 'Except it got stuck in a tree.'
Dyal retrieved the rocket and didn't let the experience dampen his enthusiasm for science. This year, he signed up for the after-school class again, called 'Mad Science,' along with 29 other budding scientists from Welches Elementary.
The class is part of a program run by a Portland-based company that brings science to approximately 350 schools in the Portland region. This year, the students will study 'Crazy Chemistry' in six one-hour sessions during a series of Mondays.
At the end of the course, each student will get to take home a full set of lab ware, including a flask, a test tube and a chemistry journal with all the work they performed in class. The classes are designed to get younger students started in science in a comfortable setting.
'Colleges are not producing the numbers of scientists we need to advance technologically,' said Audrey Campbell, operations manager for Mad Science. 'Where Mad Science focuses is starting kids when they're very young and getting them to the point where they're not afraid of it.'
On the first day of Crazy Chemistry, students learned about how dry ice works and even got to freeze items, including a spoon. Future classes will explain how the pH scale works and even an event called the 'Slime Olympics.'
Thanks to the popularity of the class, students were split into two smaller groups based on grade. That's a good thing, according to Becky Fortune, who helped bring the program to the school
'It's really hard with the size of classes and budgets to do this kind of thing at the elementary level,' Fortune said. 'It gives them the chance to do a little experimenting with fewer kids in the group.'
Based on the response from the students, they agree.
'I like doing experiments,' said third-grader Ben Johansen, 9. 'It's just fun because you get to do a lot of stuff.'
As for next year, Dyal has a pretty good idea what kind of experiments he'd like to undertake.
'I would like to conduct a laser that goes on your eye, but it doesn't hurt,' Dyal said. 'It just points to a thing. It could go 300 yards, and it could work in the dark.'
For more information on Mad Science, please visit www.madscience.org.


Associations to the word «Aids»
AIDS, noun. (disease) (acronym) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AIDS, noun. Plural of aid
AIDS, verb. Third-person singular simple present indicative form of aid
AIDS, noun. Alternative letter-case form of AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AIDS AND ABETS, verb. Third-person singular simple present indicative form of aid and abet
AIDS BABIES, noun. Plural of AIDS baby
AIDS BABY, noun. (derogatory) A person born diseased especially with HIV and starvation
AIDS COCKTAIL, noun. A group of drugs taken together to fight the AIDS virus.
AIDS COCKTAILS, noun. Plural of AIDS cocktail
AIDS RIBBON, noun. A red ribbon which signifies support for AIDS awareness and treatment research.
AIDS RIBBONS, noun. Plural of AIDS ribbon
AIDS, noun. A serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles.
Always aim at complete harmony of thought and word and deed. Always aim at purifying your thoughts and everything will be well.


Legends of Lost Silver Mines in Pennsylvania?
Legends of Lost Silver Mines in Pennsylvania – could they possibly be TRUE?
Stories of lost mines, ledges and glory holes full of precious metals are rather pervasive, most every area has at least one such story. One of the poorest parts of North America for such stories is the Keystone state.
The geology of Pennsylvania is not of the right sort for the discovery of rich veins of gold and silver, great wealth in coal, oil and even such mundane mineral products as limestone have been the rule. Yet the state is not utterly devoid of gold or silver either; in the southeastern part of the state one mine produced almost all of the known gold production for the entire state, mostly as a byproduct of copper mining, and a couple of silver mines produced a little silver. Enough nickel was also mined to be used by the US Mint to make the now obsolete three cent nickels, so if you are lucky enough to own a three cent nickel, chances are it has Pennsylvania nickel in it. Not one of the three cent silver pieces of course.
Even so, despite the wrong sort of geology over most of the state, why then do we find there are indeed several stories of long lost silver mines? Pure hogwash, made up to earn a free beer in a tavern, or entertain the children, or cover up some illicit activity like making moonshine, perhaps? Perhaps, but there is evidence and documentation to support the fact that there are indeed several lost silver mines scattered across the state. Not massive veins like the famous Comstock mind you, but small deposits and these are not against the rules of geology by any means.
The actual records from the colonial period show that these mines were known to the native tribes that lived in and contested over the land. There is even some suggestion that two of the mines were known to the French, whom were secretly mining them and slipping back to Canada to convert the silver into cash.
Silver medallion struck from silver mined out of the Wheatley silver-lead mine in Chester county PA
A bit of study in the field of geology would help any treasure hunter or prospector setting out to look for one of these lost silver mines. Silver does not often occur in nature in the pure form, because of the fact that it is much more chemically reactive than gold or platinum, yet it does occur in native (natural) form, often alloyed with a little gold and – or copper. The ores of silver quite often do not look anything like silver, and then too some silver minerals do look silvery and metallic, like galena. Galena is mostly lead, but very often in nature some or almost all of the metallic lead in the matrix has been replaced by silver. Galena is silver colored and cubic in form, and rather heavy. You can find small pieces of it in many streams around the state, and while in many cases the presence of this metallic mineral in such a place where no metallic minerals ought to be can be explained by the actions of glaciers, which broke off the minerals from a distant location (generally to the north) and transported it to the south where it then deposited it when the ice finally melted away, to leave us puzzling as to how this out of place mineral ended up where we find them.
Most ores of silver are black, grey or brown in color; usually tending to be heavy and often sooty, so could be mistaken for a low grade coal vein from a distance. Silver can also occur in a quartz matrix just like gold or copper does, or uncommonly in the form of a heavy, sticky blue or bluish clay. The famous Comstock mine in Nevada was discovered first as the blue clay, which was giving the gold miners headaches by clogging up their sluice boxes. Only when some prospector finally had the blue clay itself tested by fire assay did the secret come out, that it was loaded with silver. The blue clay may be what the ore decomposes into, but I am specularing on this point.
Silver ores are commonly found intruded into limestone rock, showing up by the stains it makes in the surrounding rock; sometimes it will form a stain on the surface of the rock without the actual ore showing on the surface, and the staining is commonly called a “gossan” in prospecting parlance. I will return to the prospecting tips in a moment.
From what the stories tell us, these lost Pennsylvania silver mines are not going to be easy to find. In several instances, the Indians went to some lengths to conceal the very existence of the mines, so well that in one case, even though several colonists had seen it and been to the mine, after it was concealed they could not locate it again. Silver, unlike gold, does not usually form a placer downhill and downstream of the host rock. When rock containing native gold is worn down and decomposed by nature, the tiny bits of gold get transported down hill and then down stream by the actions of nature, allowing the prospector to be able to take his gold pan and take samples along the streams and then hillsides, and thus pinpoint the location of the gold vein. No so with silver! Except in very rare instances (I know of only two such in all of North America) due to the fact that silver will react with other minerals chemically, as the host rock decomposes, the silver forms chemical bonds and is invisible so to speak. It can be there and not be visible in a gold pan. What can a prospector do?
Don’t throw out the gold pan, it is possible that you might find tiny specks of native silver in some stream that could conceivably lead you to the vein; at least one of the lost silver mines of Pennsylvania had native silver in it , and silver is quite a dense metal. I am using the term ‘dense’ to refer to the fact that it is quite heavy, about the same as lead, this density is usually termed by prospectors as specific gravity; that is how heavy any particular element or mineral is when compared to an equal volume of water. So gold has a specific gravity of around 19 (it varies due to the other metals commonly alloyed with gold in nature, usually silver and copper) lead is a bit over 11, while native silver usually runs 10.4 to 10.6. This natural heaviness (when compared to water and many other materials) is helpful for panning, for most country rock and sand, while heavier than water, are much lighter in comparison to silver. So you could find a silver vein by testing with the ancient tool known as the gold pan – and don’t let anyone fool you, the gold pan is still used by prospectors, geologists and mining engineers today for it works very well.
As these silver mines were covered up and concealed in the colonial period, there has been plenty of time for nature to help with the concealment; trees would have had over 200 years to grow right over top of them, the natural erosion and deposition of soils would further assist in erasing the traces of the mine. If the mine were originally a shaft sunk into the rock (as one actually was, more in a moment) it is quite possible that nature has entirely filled in the shaft with earth by now and could even have a huge tree growing out of it. A tunnel could have caved in, leaving no trace except for a slight depression on the flank of a mountain, and unfortunately the hills of Pennsylvania have a great many wrinkles to help hide them.
Don’t let this discourage you! A careful search, using the tools of prospecting, geological reports, satellite imagery, research of the colonial records and even family histories, stories told around the campfires or even something seen by a hunter could be the key to lead you to finding a silver mine!
Now suppose you have found a suspicous looking vein or lense of rock, that is dark or grey and heavy; how can you test it for silver without having to break off a sample, crush it to quarter inch size or smaller and send it off for a fire assay? A fire assay is the best bet and highly accurate, but they cost money and you certainly can’t afford to send off every rock you find to have it assayed, for if you are that wealthy you would not be out hunting for a long-lost silver mine in the first place! Fortunately there are some simple ways you can test for silver without having to spend a lot of money.
One trick is to grind up your sample to a powder, then take a piece of copper that you have rubbed until it is shiny clean, and then rub that piece of copper around in the powdered ore sample. A copper wire will do, or a piece of soft copper pipe (don’t use the hard copper pipe as it is alloyed, and may not work as well). Very often, if silver in present in the sample, it will turn the copper white. If this occurs, then take another sample and get a fire assay done.
Another way is to try primitive smelting, if you have a bellows or a charcoal forge, in which case you would again want to grind the sample to a powder and heat it on a shovel or other iron receptable to nearly a white heat; any silver that can be extracted by heat alone will melt out before the shovel will melt because silver has a lower melting point than iron or steel. One more method is to put a hunk of the ore sample on your shovel, heat it very hot and then drop it into a bucket of water; supposedly if silver is present in the rock, it will form a grey scum on top of the water; however personally this method has never worked well for me but it might work for you.
Lastly, make sure you get permission of the landowners before you start looking for the lost mine, for most of Pennsylvania is private land and you don’t need to get arrested for trespassing, or worse a load of rock salt in your breeches! Just kidding but do ask permission before you search and it will save a lot of problems. Don’t be surprised if you get chuckles from a non-treasure hunter if you explain what you are looking for, for most people think that anyone who would go looking for lost mines or buried treasures is a little loopy, but with a little luck, and a lot of diligence, you may well have the last laugh. Besides, the search is an experience that those who live inside of boxes and never step off pavement can never know.
Nice photos of some silver ores http://nevada-outback-gems.com/prospect/gold_specimen/Silver_ores.htm
A free online book on prospecting for gold and silverhttp://books.google.com/books?id=CPZDAAAAYAAJ&dq=prospecting%20for%20silver&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false
Historically, the Wheatley mine and the Pequea mine both produced some silver, the Pequea silver mine near Conestoga in Lancaster County was worked from before the Revolutionary War to 1875. A minor amount of mining was done about 1900. The ore is silver-bearing galena in the Cambrian Vintage Dolomite. Production is unknown. The Wheatley mine started operation in 1851. Primarily a lead mine, for economic reasons Wheatley billed the operation as a lead and silver mine. Concentrations of silver in the galena ore were assayed at between 15 and 120 ounces per ton. That would be pretty valuable ore today, so get out there amigo and find some silver!
PS – one other thing about using that gold pan in your search, don’t be surprised if you find some GOLD in there too for those glaciers brought down gold from the north, as well as DIAMONDS! If you see a shiny, greasy looking pebble that will scratch your knife blade there is a good chance it is a glacial diamond, over 50 of them have been found in PA over the years, and a brassy yellow metal needs no further explanation. Good luck and good hunting, I hope you find the treasures that you seek.
Online museum of Pennsylvania minerals, including silver;


Jerald W. Caruthers
Michael F. Werby
Naval Res. Lab., Stennis Space Center, MS 39529
In shallow water it is difficult to separate the effects of propagation in a waveguide composed of layered media from those of scattering produced by roughness at the layer interfaces. Moreover, to properly account for these combined effects, three-dimensional, fully elastic propagation and scattering models must be used, if a fundamental understanding of shallow water propagation is to be attained. Very few forward propagation studies include scattering effects on forward propagating signal properties such as amplitude and coherence. In shallow water such effects are critical to the condition of the signal when it reaches a target and when it returns to the monostatic receiver. The importance of these effects on the signal properties is magnified for bistatic receivers. Boundary scatter, including out-of-plane scatter, in shallow water significantly affects time and angle (as well as frequency) spreads that lead to degradation of signal coherence. The requirements to deal with scattering in three dimensions and to include full wave field physics in propagation models introduce the need for extensive computer code and computational power. While there are no simple solution to the problems these requirements impose, the advance of computational technologies and the development of advanced propagation and scattering codes will allow comprehensive and innovative approachs. These issues are addressed and an approach to solving this significant part of the shallow water acoustics problem is discussed.


Back pain is a part of our lives and can affect anyone at any point in time. Back pain may occur periodically, remain for a short time, and then quickly disappear. This is known as acute back pain and can be taken care of with medication and rest. The pain would be deemed chronic back pain when it remains for over three months. Many people are on constant medication for back pain.
However, if you are experiencing back pains near the kidney area, its time to pay a visit to the doctor. Kidney infection may cause pain, which is similar to lower back pain. The kidneys are located on either side of the spinal column just above the hip. That is why any kind of pain in that area may be diagnosed as kidney infection. The pain originates in the kidney and radiates to the lower back. This is known as referred pain. Therefore, very often kidney infection is confused with lower back pain.
So how does one distinguish between pain caused by kidney infection and lower back pain? One symptom is that pain due to kidney infection comes on rapidly and disappears once the course of medication is over. With back pain, the pain continues even after the infection has cleared up. The symptoms of kidney infection or kidney stone could be pain during urination, blood in the urine or fever with accompanying chills. If the doctor presses on the kidneys at the time of physical examination, there will be shooting pain in the area. If, on the other hand, you have a stretched, torn or twisted muscle, the pain will be specific to the area. The pain may occur either in the lower back, or between shoulder blades, below the waist or over the spinal column. This type of pain will get worse with movement and ease away while resting. Kidney infection can be safely ruled out in this scenario.
If you happen to suffer from kidney infection, the pain will occur on one side of the back, above the waist but just below the rib cage. The pain may increase as the bladder gets full or it may travel to the genital area. During the time you may have bouts of vomiting, pain while urination, blood in the urine and even fever. Lower back pain could be another symptom of kidney infection. These are general guidelines, which give an idea how to diagnose the pain in the lower back area. If you still are not sure what you are dealing with, any such symptoms call for an urgent visit to the doctor. It is always better to be safe than sorry. If there is an earlier history of kidney infections, then there may be another attack coming on. On the other hand, it may just be a stretched back muscle. Therefore, it is better to visit the doctor so that he can make the proper diagnosis and begin treatment for the pain or kidney infection as the case may be. The kidney infection and resultant back pain will probably clear up with a dose of antibiotics. Lower back pain treatment may call for physiotherapy or medication in the form of pain relievers.Immobilienmakler Heidelberg Makler Heidelberg
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High Visibility Clothing
High-visibility safety apparel (HVSA) is clothing (e.g., vests, bibs, or coveralls) that workers can wear to improve how well other people "see" them (their visibility). Most often, high-visibility clothing is worn to alert drivers and other vehicle operators of a worker's presence, especially in low light and dark conditions. High-visibility headwear can also be worn to increase the visibility of the wearer in situations where part or all of the wearer's body could be obscured (e.g., leaves/trees, traffic barriers, construction materials, etc.).


When the dipole term in the linearized theory of general relativity was handled in the conventional way, there was an existing paradigm that precludes any possibility of the existence of the antigravity force in the universe. In fact, this concept of the repulsive gravity force has been so far out of touch of the reality of the daily lives that this very term "antigravity" has been a subject of a science fiction or a downright ridicule whoever seriously talks about it.
Even if the name of this blog is dipole antigravity, I avoided using the term as much as possible for this reason. But by all means, dipole gravity is the long range controllable antigravity force and there is no doubt about it. It is a purely mechanical means to create antigravity force which is at the core of the theory of dipole gravity. And this has been shown to be the cause of the jets and the dark matter problems. The irony of the matter is that general relativity had it since the beginning.
It is not a new theory in a sense yet profoundly new in other.
It was hidden behind the enigma of the Lense-Thirring force. The main reason this can not be understood is not because it is difficult or based on faulty logic. It is because human mind is not always logical and its inner workings depends strongly on the prevailing paradigm. It is hard to imagine explaining the cosmological problems without invoking this force.
In the world where the hunting was the main source of food supply, the agriculture would be a difficult concept to understand for people as a way of providing food source in ancient times. The biblical record of Cain and Abel may represent this kind of the turn of event. The agriculture dominated the hunting and nomadic culture.
Farming culture represented by Cain replaced the nomadic culture represented by Abel. Whether God liked it or not is not the issue. The world has profoundly changed because of this "discovery" of the concept of farming.
Would the discovery of "antigravity" have the same effect?
This is the beginning of the new civilization. The earth bound civilization is going to be replaced by the space bound civilization. The theory of dipole gravity has such a potential for huge changes and impact on our lives.
How Lense-Thirring force can be derived from dipole gravity?
Monday, May 12, 2008
Posted by Eue Jin Jeong at 4:09 PM


The Heat Is on Washington
A boiling point over government inaction on climate change may have been reached in the United States.
More than 12,000 mainly young people are planning to gather in Washington on Monday, Mar. 2, to insist that their elected officials legislate immediate and deep cuts in U.S. emissions of carbon dioxide, just as scientists revealed this week that the global climate is more sensitive to rising temperatures than expected.
And on the same Monday, at least 2,000 people led by eminent scientist James Hansen of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) plan to close the coal/oil powered Capitol Power Plant that supplies heat to government buildings on Capitol Hill, breaking the law if necessary.
"For more than 30 years, scientists, environmentalists and people from all walks of life have urged our leaders to take action to stop global warming; and that action has yet to come," said Hansen, one of the world's leading climate scientists.
"The world is waiting for the [Barack] Obama administration and Congress to lead the way forward on this defining issue of our time. They need to start by getting coal out of Congress," Hansen said in a statement.
For 30 years, Hansen has "consistently been the voice of courage on climate change," said Michael Crocker of Greenpeace USA, one of a coalition of more than 40 environmental, public health, labor, social justice NGOs that plan to shut down the Capitol Power Plant at least for part of the day.
"We want to send Congress the message that carbon emissions can't be cut without phasing out coal-power plants," Crocker told IPS.
Hansen and other scientists have shown that coal-powered plants are the major source of carbon emissions, and if they were phased out in every country by 2030, there would be real hope of stabilizing the climate. Coal is also a major air pollutant that kills hundreds of thousands, and the single largest source of toxic mercury emissions. Mining coal has significant environmental and health impacts.
"The industry claim that there is something called 'clean coal' is, put simply, a lie," said leading environmental writers Wendell Berry and Bill McKibben, who are participating and called on young people to join them in shutting down the plant.
"It is probable that people will be arrested. This is the start of series of actions on coal until the government takes real action on climate," said Crocker.
The U.S. needs to have legislation that sharply cuts carbon emissions and increases clean energy in place before the international climate negotiations in Copenhagen at the end of this year, said Jessy Tolkan, director of the Energy Action Coalition.
The Energy Action Coalition, made up people under the age of 30, has organized a separate but complementary effort bringing more than 10,000 young people from every state to the U.S. capital to lobby their members of Congress for action on climate change.
"There will be a wide cross-section of young people, and a real cross-section of our generation," said Tolkan.
These aren't just college kids from the Northeast states, she told IPS. There will be young people who have "been abused by dirty energy by polluting their air, native youth whose lands have been damaged by coal mining, Latinos and Latinas lobbying for jobs in green energy, sons and daughters of autoworkers looking for green transportation, and Christian evangelicals who want proper stewardship of the environment."
While her generation is deeply worried about the economy, they are "terrified" about climate change and realize this is the time for bold action on climate and to create a new green economy, she said. They want to see 5 million green jobs and to "turn the [U.S.] midwest into the Saudi Arabia of wind and the southwest into the Saudi Arabia of solar."
"This is the solution to so many problems including ending wars over oil," Tolkan added.
To reach these ends, the coalition has arranged more than 325 meetings with nearly every member of Congress on Monday. In one such meeting, more than 500 students from Virginia will meet their two senators and insist on "just and bold climate legislation," said Laura Comer, a student at Hofstra University in New York.
"This will be the biggest lobby day in U.S. history," Comer, a volunteer organizer for the Coalition, told IPS. "We know the science [about climate change] is well-established and what actions are needed for us to survive."
And that science is becoming more dire. This week scientists reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that global temperature increase of less than 1.8 C is very likely to result in "increases in drought, heat waves and floods" resulting in increased water stress, wildfire frequency and flood risks. Previously they thought temperatures would have to rise above 1.8 C.
The present temperature rise is 0.8 C and even if all carbon emissions ended today, temperatures would likely reach 1.8 C, previous reports have found.
Comer said young people realize that even though they strongly support President Obama, who has made climate a priority, they know that many in Congress do not share their desire for immediate and bold action on climate and to green the U.S economy.
So far elected officials have been "shocked" by the organization and numbers of young people who raised funds to make the journey to Washington and arranged meetings to tell their representatives how much action on climate matters to them, said Comer.
"We know older generations have failed us so they better not cut corners this time because we will be watching," the activist added.


West Nile Virus Carrier Loving The Weather
Taking precautions against mosquito bites is a smart move considering how devastating West Nile Virus can be. Wyoming's dry weather this year has limited habitat for the usual nuisance variety of mosquitoes, but according to, John Leman, supervisor for mosquito control at the Natrona County Health Department, its a different genus that carries the virus and its thriving thanks to a warm winter and early, mild spring.
"It's really allowed for an issue with regard to a lot of the Culex mosquitoes which over winter as adults. So incidents of West Nile may be a little more heightened even if it's a dryer year."
Leman says the Culex genus carries the virus over the winter and then loves to lay its eggs in backyard habitat like ponds, water barrels, or even your bath room's exhaust vent.
He says late summer is the time when virus transmission is most likely to happen.
"The Culex mosquito is more active- it tends to shift its feeding patterns from birds and so forth to humans for what ever reason- from mid-July all the way through August, that's usually when incidence are highest for transmission."
When your outdoors health officials advise using bug repellent that includes DEET and wear long sleeves and pants when you can to keep as much skin covered as possible.
Wyoming announced its first recorded case of West Nile Virus this week and, so far, nationwide there have been nearly 700 cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), with 26 deaths - the biggest nationwide outbreak since 2004.


May Day has long been a celebration of working class movements and struggle. Keith Flett looks at the radical history of international workers' day and how this can provide inspiration for today.
After a long period when the workers' day was either assumed to be nearly dead, or institutionalised and no longer a threat to authority, it is back. Recent years have seen growing protests on 1 May, and the anti-capitalist movement in many countries has made the day its own. The spirit of rebellion to be found in such protests is now being brought together to form a new and powerful movement. So the London May Day march in 2002 is organised not only by the rather low key Greater London Association of Trades Councils (I should know, I am a longstanding delegate and friendly critic of what form the May Day march should take) but also by, it is admitted on all sides, the somewhat more youthful and energetic forces of Globalise Resistance.
With these positive developments in mind, it is time to look back to the origins of May Day as a form of protest. Far from being a bank holiday on the nearest Monday or a chance for now collapsed Eastern European regimes to parade their latest tanks, the historian Eric Hobsbawm reminds us that the original impetus for May Day was always from below.
Hobsbawm sees May Day as a 'labour ritual', a characteristic form of organised labour, but actually the early May Days were a lot more exciting than that. The first International May Day was proclaimed by the socialist Second International in 1889. However, the origins go back decades before this. The link between May Day and the use of the red flag as a symbol for socialist workers is close, perhaps above all in France. The British angle is that not just of a demonstration, but of a workers' festival based on miners' galas. So that first May Day already inherited some complex traditions--a demonstration of working class power which had to be respected, and was respectable, but, again as Hobsbawm notes, combined with beer and skittles. It was both a tremendous celebration of working class culture and a display of working class organisation. There were political speeches, and there was also eating, drinking and games. This is what the social historian Peter Bailey has termed 'thinking and drinking', and to this day the London May Day events comprise not just a march and political rally, but a football tournament and an evening of culture as well.
The first British May Day demonstrations were actually held on Sundays. So it was on Sunday 4 May 1890 that Engels commented that 'the English working class joined up in the great international army...the grandchildren of the old Chartists are entering the line of battle'. Engels clearly saw the rise of the May Day demonstration as the rebirth of the international labour movement. At first getting united May Day demonstrations including both trade unionists and socialists was difficult, and unity had to be fought for over a number of years. A report of the 1898 Manchester May Day demonstration notes that '26 trade unions, the Independent Labour Party, the Social Democratic Federation and the Manchester Labour Church took part in the demonstration which was acknowledged to be the largest in point of numbers and the most successful May Day labour demonstration yet held'.
The first May Day was planned as a one-off demonstration. The fact that it became an annual event was due not to the leaders of the Second International but pressure from the grassroots. Some socialist leaders at the time felt that the May Day march should be an entirely serious, perhaps even glum affair. This view of life may be familiar to those who have experienced some British May Day activities in recent decades. However, by 1893 Engels was referring to May Day as a 'Maifeier' or celebration, and in the same year the workers' leader Costa argued that 'Catholics have Easter--henceforth workers will have their own Easter'. The Italian May Day perhaps led the way in the aspect of celebration.
An international movement
The original May Day demand was for a legal eight-hour day on an international basis. However as the years rolled on May Day came to assume the form of a wider demonstration of workers' power. It was here that arguably the most potent aspect of May Day arose, the festival becoming a one-day strike in many countries. For many others it was also a commemoration of the US 'Chicago Martyrs'--anarchists framed and executed by the state.
May Day, as Hobsbawm notes, became such a huge festival and demonstration that it also spawned a massive range of badges, flags, papers and cartoons. Much of this is still familiar today. However, an aspect which is less well known is the association of the May Day events with spring, youth and rebirth. Here the symbol was a flower. Almost always, whether a carnation in Austria or Italy, a paper rose in Germany or a poppy in France, the flower was red. May Day became an international socialist symbol of what the artist and designer Walter Crane called the 'dawn of labour'. A Crane cartoon for May Day 1896, for example, shows an English worker offering the hand of international socialist cooperation to Italian, German, French and other workers with the slogan 'International solidarity of labour--the true answer to jingoism'. Crane dedicated the cartoon to 'the workers of the world'.
Eric Hobsbawm has unearthed a marvellous quote from an Italian worker recalling what early May Days meant. The worker, Pietro Comollo, noted, 'Everybody used to say, "It's our festival--it's the workers' festival." We knew vaguely that it was in memory of those who'd fought for the eight hours, the Chicago Martyrs. So that was a symbolic fact. And then, well...it was just a holiday--there were the red carnations. It was a fighting demonstration...because we were all there together and united. Even the anarchists turned up.'
In some cases May Day demonstrations and strikes continued during the First World War. Following the arrest of the Scottish socialist leader John Maclean on 15 April 1918 and a charge of sedition against him, the Glasgow May Day Committee called a one-day strike for peace on 1 May 1919. Maclean's daughter Nan Milton has recalled that 'when the great day dawned, the most sanguine hopes were justified. One hundred thousand Glasgow workers took the day off to march in procession, and thousands more lined the streets to cheer the demonstrators as they passed by. Glasgow was on fire with red banners, red ribbons and red rosettes. The air was alive with the sound of revolutionary songs and with the blare of bands. Socialist literature was showered everywhere and eagerly purchased on all sides. On Glasgow Green orators spoke from 22 different platforms...sectarian bitterness was forgotten. There was plenty of friendly criticism, but the common struggle united all in bonds of real solidarity... This great celebration finished up with a huge crowd marching to Duke Street prison. Three times a tremendous shout arose from thousands of lusty throats: "John Maclean! John Maclean! John Maclean!"'
Such was the strength and power of those early May Day protests that those in authority tried to take it over. The Bolsheviks of course made it a genuine workers' day, but Hitler also made May Day a national holiday of labour, with very different imagery and meaning to that of 1889.
After the First World War the nature of May Day demonstrations began to change. For a start such huge expressions of working class organisation were only possible where the labour movement was legal. First in Italy, then in Germany and in numbers of other countries this was not the case. The tradition continued underground, but this was a very different matter to public displays. In general, certainly since 1945, two things can be said about the celebration of May Day. Firstly, it has ebbed and flowed depending on the general level of class confidence. Difficult though it may be to recall now, there were actually huge May Day marches in Britain involving strike action in the 1970s. Edmund and Ruth Frow have recalled how 'many factories' in Salford were closed as workers joined the protest. The continuing tradition of strike action on May Day was one reason why a Labour government acted to make it a public holiday. Even in the difficult years of the 1980s the tradition continued. In his diary for Monday 7 May 1984 Tony Benn recalls May Day celebrations in Chesterfield at the height of the 1984-85 miners' strike. He noted that it was the 'biggest ever, with 10,000 people marching through the town. There were one or two hiccups during the speeches. No woman speaker had been included, and the women demanded the right to speak'.
The second thing that has endured about May Day is the iconography. The colour red is still associated with 1 May, as are certain songs such as the Internationale and Bandiera Rossa.
It is important to remember both the history and traditions of May Day, not only because those in authority would like us to forget them, but also because in making May Day again a huge international celebration of working class politics and culture we can reappropriate this history and symbolism, and start to make some of our own.


“If you had to identify the three main policies that you consider key in eradicating extreme poverty, what would they be?” This question was asked to Andrew Shephard, CPAN’s Director, during the presentation of the 2014 Chronic Poverty Report at the DAC Development Debate in Paris last 15 April. To answer Erik Solheim’s question, DAC Chair, and in line with the Chronic Poverty Report 2014, Andrew identified the three main policies that can challenge chronic poverty, stop impoverishment and sustain escapes from extreme poverty:
- Huge investment in education – to improve the standard of living of the poorest. A massive investment in education would allow at least one or two children in each poor household to go to a good quality school for around 10 years. Such approach enables household escapes from poverty, sustains the climb away from it and education also has the advantage of being a ‘portable asset’ that is resilient to crises. In terms of interventions, it would imply investments in pre-school and linking those who complete school to the labour market, as well as quality improvements in primary and greatly expanded access to secondary schools.
- Social assistance – to provide a safety net for the poor. Such policy brings the poorest people closer to a decent standard of living, provides a safety net for them in tough times, and encourages them to make the investments and take the risks that could not only propel them out of poverty but also keep them out of poverty. Extending protection to the vulnerable non-poor will also dramatically reduce impoverishment rates.
- Economic Growth which benefits the poorest – creating national prosperity which is genuinely for all. This involves a bundle of measures to support pro-poorest economic growth (PP²G): investing strongly in smallholder agriculture and in policies to improve the quality as well as the number of jobs created, especially in the informal sector, where most poor people work.
As the Chronic Poverty Report 2014-5: the Road to Zero Extreme Poverty remarks “The poorest people often lack the skills, education or assets (such as land) to keep their heads permanently above the poverty line and are very likely to remain poor if they are hit by shocks such as illness, unemployment, old age, a disability, extreme climate events, or conflict.” These three sets of policies not only enable poor people to cope with shocks but also provide the poorest with the resources and an enabling environment that can help them escape and stay out of poverty. Additionally, other priority policies will be needed in each country context – the menu of these is laid out in the Chronic Poverty Report.
Of these three policy areas, pro-poorest growth is least well understood in most countries. CPAN has a work stream which tries to identify the policies which will enable the poorest to benefit from growth. Policy guides on agriculture, energy, employment, middle income countries, financial inclusion, and private sector development have been produced; a guide on macro-economic policy is underway, as is research comparing growth performances in Southeast Asian and East African countries. The intention is to write a fourth international Chronic Poverty Report on pro-poorest economic growth in 2016.
We would very much like to hear from policy makers and researchers engaged in including the poorest people in growth.
The presentation of the 2014 Chronic Poverty Report at the DAC Development Debate is one of the several presentations taking place in 2015, which indicates the continued level of interest in this publication. The 2014 Chronic Poverty Report was also ODI’s most read report of 2014.
This post first appeared on Chronic Poverty Advisory Network.


East Africa’s first utility-scale solar photovoltaic power plant came online this week in Rwanda.
The 8.5 MW Rwanda Field plant was constructed in the shape of the African continent and sits on land owned by the Agahozo-Shalom Youth Village charity, which houses Rwanda’s orphaned children. It is expected to produce enough power for 15,000 households. Funded through the Power Africa Initiative backed by US President Barack Obama, the $23.7m project was built by Netherlands-based solar developer Gigawatt Global. “Our project proves the viability of financing and building large-scale solar fields in sub-Saharan Africa,” said Chaim Motzen, the firm’s managing director.
“We hope that this solar field serves as a catalyst for many more sustainable energy projects in the region,” he added.
His company plans to offer training in solar power to students at the high school on the property.
According to the International Energy Agency, global solar capacity is set to hit 930 GW by 2040 .


In a new study published in the journal Phycologia, researchers suggest that adding seaweed to processed foods, such as dried pasta, hot dogs, and frozen pizzas, may help reduce cardiovascular disease.
Cardiovascular disease, or heart disease, is the leading cause of death in the U.S. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, cardiovascular disease results in 611,105 deaths each year. Types of heart diseases include angina, high blood pressure, heart attack, and atherosclerosis.
Cardiovascular diseases are thought to be preventable through lifestyle choices. You can reduce your risk of heart disease by exercising, managing diabetes, stress, blood pressure, and quitting smoking. Itâs also important to eat a healthy diet high in fiber, omega-3 essential fatty acids and antioxidants.
In other words, it is up to the consumer to make responsible decisions about their health. Study author and University of Southern Denmark professor Ole G. Mouritsen argues that the food industry should also be responsible for the health of society. Mouritsen has written several books about seaweed for food consumption.
In a recent article, Mouritsen and his team reviewed studies on the health benefits of 35 seaweed species. In the article, the authors suggested how the food industry and consumers can effectively use seaweed to make meals healthier by adding it to fast food. For instance, granulated and dried seaweed could replace some flour in processed breads, pastas, and other foods. It can even enhance the flavor of food.
Consumers could also buy seaweed and add it to homemade foods themselves. For example, dried seaweed like nori is perfect for salads, dressings, vegetables, eggs, or fish dishes. Kelp seasoning can even replace your current saltshaker. Hijiki is used for some Asian-flavored salads, and wakame is also a great addition to miso soup. Dulse and kombu can enhance the flavor of soup.
Seaweed is known for its heart health properties, such as dietary fiber, proteins, essential fatty acids (lipids), antioxidants, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. As far as mineral content, seaweed contains potassium. On the other hand, processed foods contain high sodium, which may lead to high blood pressure.
Umami is another important feature found in seaweed. Umami is thought to be the fifth basic taste, which promotes satiety and regulates food intake to help reduce food cravings for fat, sugar, and salt.
âIt is difficult to determine how much seaweed a person should consume to benefit from its good qualities. Five to 10 grams of dried seaweed per day is my estimate,â explained Mouritsen.
In 2011, Canadian and Irish researchers at the Teagasc Food Research Centre in Ashtown, Dublin, studied the heart-health properties of seaweed. From the eight Irish and Newfoundland seaweed species’ studied, the Irish seaweed called Pelvetia canaliculata had the highest total lipid percentage per dry weight.
âSeaweeds are a known source of essential fatty acids, which are thoughts to reduce thrombosis and atherosclerosisâfactors important in the reduction of the risk of heart disease,â explained Dr. Maria Hayes from the Teagasc research team and Memorial University in Newfoundland.
Nori is perhaps the most popular sea vegetable and it is used in sushi rolling. Other varieties of nutrient-rich seaweed include kelp, kombu, and dulse.
Sources for Todayâs Article:
Mouritsen, O.G., et al., âA role for dietary macroalgae in the ameliorating ration of certainement Risk Factors Associated with cardiovascular disease,â Phycologia, 2015; 54, 649-666.
âFood industry can help lower cardiovascular diseases by adding little seaweed to products,â ScienceDaily web site, November 23, 2015; http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/11/151123101902.htm.
âSeaweed does the heart good?â ScienceDaily web site, September 13, 2011; http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110913184059.htm.
âCooking Healthy with Sea Vegetables,â The World’s Healthiest Foods web site, http://whfoods.org/genpage.php?tname=whfkitqa&dbid=23, last accessed November 24, 2015.
âLeading Causes of Death,â Centers for Disease Control and Prevention web site, last updated September 30, 2015; http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-causes-of-death.htm, last accessed November 24, 2015.


Why is Antarctica’s Pine Island Glacier losing so much ice into the sea? Because, researchers say, it has come unstuck at the bottom.
The Western Ice Sheet in Antarctica contains “enough water to raise global sea levels by several metres,” Christian Schoof writes in an accompanying commentary on the paper in Nature Geoscience, and so the high rate of ice loss in place like Pine Island is a worry. But the force of the atmosphere, even if you accounted for a warming Antarctica, doesn’t explain the melting rate. So the British Antarctic Survey team led by Adrian Jenkins ventured a guess that something else was going on under the ice, and sent a robot to investigate.
What the autonomous underwater bot found was pretty jarring.
In just a few decades — since the 1970s — the relatively warm deep ocean water flowing beneath the cold, buoyant glacier meltwater has encroached inland under the glacier some 30 km, or 18.6 miles, and the pace of the outflow of Pine Island Glacier continues to accelerate [Discovery News].
Underneath the glacier, the explorer’s acoustic instruments found a huge ridge that rises about 1,300 feet up from the rest of the seabed upon which the glacier rests. But the relatively warm ocean water has been cutting away the glacier’s underside. According to co-author Pierre Dutrieux, that ridge can help explain why ice loss accelerated so recently.
“Some decades ago, the glacier was sitting on this ridge and the friction of the ridge was restraining the flow of the glacier,” he explained. “When the glacier became detached from the ridge, the ice flow was able to accelerate significantly” [BBC News].
The team’s findings bring up the climate change question, but as with any single event, the dynamics are too complex to say “global warming caused this.” Jenkins addresses this problem in his statement on the find:
“The discovery of the ridge has raised new questions about whether the current loss of ice from Pine Island Glacier is caused by recent climate change or is a continuation of a longer-term process that began when the glacier disconnected from the ridge. We do not know what kick-started the initial retreat from the ridge, but we do know that it started some time prior to 1970. Since detailed observations of Pine Island Glacier only began in the 1990s, we now need to use other techniques such as ice core analysis and computer modelling to look much further into the glacier’s history in order to understand if what we see now is part of a long term trend of ice sheet contraction.”
DISCOVER: The Last Unexplored Place on Earth
DISCOVER: Science Is Best When Done Underwater–by Robots
80beats: An Iceberg the Size of Luxembourg Breaks Free from Antarctica
80beats: Climate Panel Admits Glacier Blunder, Scrambles To Save Face
80beats: Tiny Soot Particles May Be Melting Mighty Himalayan Glaciers
Image: British Antarctic Survey


All cities and towns must have a Master Plan. Master Plans contain within them the plans and codes for how the municipality will be built. For example: maximum building height, acceptable levels of delay at intersections, zoning codes for residential, commercial, and mixed use, etc. Master Plans contain a section typically called the “Transportation Element”—this is where the municipality’s policies pertaining to land use related to transportation—cars, trucks, bikes, transit, pedestrians, etc. are spelled out at a high level. Sometimes plans will undergo a “check in” at the 5-year mark, especially during times of high population growth, building, and/or economic upturns.
• Master Plans are public documents, and as such can be found at your local library and City Planning department for review.
If you are fortunate, your municipality will also have a Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan (BPMP), or sometimes separate Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plans. These documents move in to the detail of where and what types of routes currently exist and/or should exist in your town. BPMPs are typically developed by a citizen-based committee that helps to create and then maintain the plan. These committees can be found under a variety of similar names—Bicycle and Pedestrian Advisory Committees (BPACs), Traffic Advisory Committees (TACs), Bicycle Advisory Committees (BACs), Bicycle Advisory Groups (BAGs), etc. BPMPs are updated more frequently than Master Plans due to the project-specific information in the plans.
• Find out if your municipality has a BPAC, and if so, who are the committee members. Just ask your local Planning Department.
• BPAC meetings are public meetings; find out when the BPAC meets and attend to provide input.
• If no BPAC exists, work with your local advocacy group to get one started. If no local advocacy group exists, consider meeting with your local officials to get a BPAC started. More information on meeting with your elected officials can be found in Urban Velo #16, “Persuasion – A Political Primer”.
• BPMPs are also on file at your local library and/or Planning Department.


· In general, groundwater in Northland is of a high enough quality that it can be consumed without treatment.
· Groundwater quality was monitored at 39 sites (wells or bores) throughout Northland; seven of them as part of the National Groundwater Monitoring Programme and 32 as part of the Regional Groundwater Quality SOE Programme.
· Five specific groundwater investigations were carried out on aquifers – Ruāwai, Russell, Taipā, Whatitiri and Maungakaramea, where a total of 14 sites were monitored.
· Groundwater levels were monitored at 73 sites.
· Six sites were age tested to determine the average age of the groundwater in certain aquifers in the region.
Northland Regional Council Groundwater and Monitoring Officer Sandrine Le Gars sampling groundwater.


Whole Body Vibration
A VARIETY OF APPLICATIONS FROM ONE MACHINE
The first applications of vibration for the improvement of human performance were developed in ancient Greece.
As a therapy, the whole body vibration (sometimes abbreviated as WBC) was explored by Russian Scientists who tested vibration on astronauts in an effort to decrease the loss of muscle nad bone mass in space.
Because more muscle fibers (also known as motor units) are activated under the influence of vibration than in norma, conscious muscle contractions the muscles are incited more efficiently (Paradisis & Zacharogiannis_2007 ; Lamont et al. 2006 ; Cormie et al 2006 ;_Bosco et al. 1999 , 2000 ; Rittweger 2001 , 2002 ; Abercromby et al. 2005 ; Amoette et al. 2005 ). The immediate effect of WBV s therefore that the muscles can be used quickly and effciently, rendering then capable of producing more force. Howevr, this process will only be effective if the stimulus is not too intense and does not last too long, because otherwise performance will diminish due to fatigue.
We use the best Whole Body Vibration unit money can by
See the independent test results below
Another immediate effect of WBV is an improvement if circulation. The rapid contraction and relaxation of the muscles at 20 to 50 times per second basically works as a pump on the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, increasing the speed of the blood flow through the body (Kerschan-SCHINDL ET AL 2001 ; lOHMAN ET AL.2007 ). subjects often experinec this as a tingling, Prickling, warm sensation in the skin. Both Stewart (2005 ) and Oliveri (1989 ) describe the appearance of vasodilatation (widening of the blood vessels) as s result of vibration.
Long term effects of WBV In order to have any effects on the body term it is vital that the body systems experience fatigue or some sort of light stress. As in other kinds of training, when the body is overloaded repeatedly and regularly, the principle of supercompensation will occur. This princple is the cause of the body adapting to loading. In other words: performance will increase.
Another important difference between conventional training methods and WBV is theat there is only a minimum of loading. No additional weights are neceesary, which ensures that there is very liitle loading to the passive structures such as bones, ligaments and joints. That is why WBV is extremely suited to people that are difficult to train due to old age, disease, disorders, weight or injury. Onthe other hand, it is also very suitable for professional athletes who want to stimulate and strengthen their muscles without overloading joints and the rest of the physical system (Cochrane et al 2005 ; Mahieu et al 2006 ).
Whole body vibration training is an excellent adjunct to the Laser-Like Lipo treatments and can help accelerate the results of any treatment.


Sometimes with our children we can feel more like referees than parents! In today’s article, Focus on the Family gives some helpful steps to teaching your children how to resolve conflict. If we are able to help our children have wisdom in this area, it will not only be a blessing to our lives now, but will equip them to know how to handle conflict throughout their lives in a way that glorifies our Savior.
Ken Sande offers twelve key principles to help your children learn to be peacemakers. He writes:
“Conflict is an opportunity. By handling it right we get a chance to glorify God, serve others, and become better people. Conflict is not necessarily bad or destructive. Even when conflict is caused by wrong-doing and causes a great deal of stress, it can lead to good. You can use conflict to:
• Glorify God (by trusting, obeying, and imitating Him)
• Serve other people (by helping to bear their burdens or by confronting them in love)
• Grow to be like Christ (by confessing wrong and turning from attitudes that promote conflict)
“These concepts are totally overlooked in most conflicts because people naturally focus on escaping from the situation or overcoming their opponent. Therefore, it is wise to step back from a conflict and ask yourself whether you are doing all you can to take advantage of these special opportunities.”
You can read the whole article HERE


A "grilled" dish is cooked on a metal grill that's laid over flames. You call food that's cooked this way "grilled ___". For example:
Other styles of cooking that are sometimes included in the name of a dish include:
- "Roasted" things are cooked in an oven.
roasted red pepper hummus
- "Sauteed" food is cooked in a pan on high heat.
steak withsauteed mushroom
- "Stir-fried" food is cooked in a Chinese-style pan called a wok. The ingredients are cut thinly and cooked quickly.
stir fried vegetables
- "Steamed" food is cooked in a container that sits over boiled water.


Yesterday I joined my Sagebrush Habitat Ecology class on a field trip to help restore a piece of land which has seen its fair share of abuse. This land has been grazed, cleared for agriculture, and left for dead. As with most abandoned land, dead would be better than what actually occurs. When the native plants and animals are removed, the land is quickly overtaken by invasives - most notably cheatgrass, medusahead and tumble mustard.
The land we were working on is part of a private ranch which has been purchased by an individual with a history of restoring lands. They are interested in restoring this portion of the land as both Greater Sage-Grouse and Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse occupy nearby lands. The hope is that this habitat could one day be occupied by these species which are both in critical need of increased habitat availability.
The restoration project began last fall when the land was cleared. After clearing, an herbicide was applied to kill all annual grasses most of which are invasive. I am usually against herbicides due to the potential impacts on animal life, but cheatgrass has proven immune to most all other methods. Following this treatment the land was seeded with a subspecies of Big Sagebrush which grows well in the area, native bunchgrass, and a variety of forbs. Unfortunately Antelope Bitterbrush, a native member of many sagebrush habitats, does not grow well from seed. Our task today was to plant 2500 Bitterbrush starts.


When your senses feel a threat such as loud noises or a scary feeling, that information is sent through two different areas of the brain.
The first thing that happens is that the amygdala sends an alert to the rest of the brain.
This causes a burst of adrenaline, sweaty palms, rapid heartbeat, and increases the blood pressure.
These senses are caused by anxiety, which can be a reaction to something real or imagined. In the situation with anxiety disorder, the anxiety may be constant or it may be intermittent, striking without warning.
Anxiety disorder can be said to be..
A mental health disorder generally characterised by excessive feelings of worry, anxiety or fear.
There are six main types of anxiety disorders, which include
- Generalized anxiety disorder
- Social anxiety disorder
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Panic disorders
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Specific phobias.
Generalised Anxiety Disorder
There are close to seven million people in the United States who suffer from general anxiety disorder, or GAD.
That is a little over 3% of the United States. This condition is characterized by a constant worry about many different things such as your health, family, money, or work.
Social Anxiety Disorder
This condition affects about 15 million adults in the United States although it is known to start in the teen years for most people.
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) causes severe stress and debilitating symptoms when out in public.
It is a fear of being negatively judged or rejected by peers or even strangers when put in a social situation.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD, is thought to affect about one out of forty American adults.
This condition is characterized by uncontrolled obsessive thoughts or behaviors due to distress over certain things.
Some of these obsessions may include the need for symmetry, checking something over and over again, cleaning or washing your hands constantly.
This debilitating condition is diagnosed by random panic or anxiety attacks for no obvious reason.
The attacks can cause heart palpitations, dizziness, feeling you are going crazy, numbness in the hands and feet, nausea, and shortness of breath.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Many believe that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) only affects soldiers but it is actually common in anyone who has experienced a traumatic event such as violent attack, abuse, or a natural disaster like a tornado or hurricane.
This condition is one of the most common forms of anxiety disorders and affects almost 8% of the American population.
The most common anxiety disorder is specific phobias, which affect more than nine percent of people in the United States or 19 million people.
Some of these phobias (fears) may include heights, small spaces, dogs, or even some random object such as a cat or dog.
Symptoms of Anxiety Disorder
While each of these conditions have their own set of symptoms, they are all pretty similar. Some of these symptoms of anxiety disorders includes:
- Worrying about many different things or just one thing constantly
- Inability to stay focused or concentrate
- Muscle tension
- Insomnia or inability to stay asleep
- Fear of public places or crowds
- Rapid heart rate
- Nausea or vomiting
- Dizziness or fainting
- Feeling of impending danger or death
If you or someone you care about has any of these symptoms or think you may have some form of anxiety disorder, talking to a professional can help immensely.
In fact, you do not even have to make an appointment or leave your house if you choose online therapy.
Just use any electronic device such as a cell phone, laptop, or tablet and search for online therapists.
About the author
Marie Miguel has been a writing and research expert for nearly a decade, covering a variety of health- related topics. Currently, she is contributing to the expansion and growth of a free online mental health resource with BetterHelp.com. With an interest and dedication to addressing stigmas associated with mental health, she continues to specifically target subjects related to anxiety and depression.


The end quote is a good way to sum things up. This is a basic layout of a feature article. Through the body be creative with your language. Closing quotation Find something that sums the article up in a few words.
Obviously, the more complex the issue, argument, story, and so on, the more complex the plan will be. The ending generally sums up the piece of text, or makes a final point, or brings a conclusion to a story. If the beginning is poor, the reader could lose interest quickly and stop reading.
Opening quotation What will give the reader a sense of the people involved and what they are thinking? Nothing puts editors off more than a poorly written article that requires copious amounts of editing to even come close to being print ready. Unlike a news story that provides facts, a feature article digs deeper, giving your reader a more in-depth view of your topic or opinion.
Where did you hear about us? It summarises your thoughts and angle, and gives you a place to offer a course of action for your readers if a course of action is appropriate for your article.
Most newspaper articles break down into two categories: Morris Journalism Academy will show you not just how to write a feature article, but also how to sell it.
News articles Feature articles You will also find opinion pieces, like editorials and book and movie reviews. Sample plan for magazine article Imagine you are writing a plan for a magazine article about fitness and health.
Please Specify This field should be left blank Send Please waitA PPT which guides pupils through writing a newspaper article.
Great for revision or for introducing it as a new topic/5(91). Most newspaper articles break down into two categories: News articles; Feature articles; You will also find opinion pieces, like editorials and book and movie reviews.
But this lesson deals strictly with news and feature articles. Here's how you can tell the difference between a news story and a feature story. Media texts - An extensive collection of teaching resources for KS3 English writing, including letters, stories, autobiography & persuasive writing.
With free PDFs. For example, how would a writer plan a magazine article about the benefits of health and fitness?
Sample plan for magazine article Imagine you are writing a plan for a magazine article about fitness and health. Writing a feature article A planning aid and writing frame to develop students' understanding of newspaper and magazine feature articles.
An interactive Sequencing task allows students to consider the appropriateness of writing techniques in. Aug 20, · How to Write a Feature Article Six Parts: Sample Feature Choosing a Topic Interviewing Subjects Preparing to Write the Article Writing the Article Finalizing the Article Community Q&A Featured articles are windows into the human experience, giving more detail and description than a hard news story, which typically relies on the style 87%(91).Download


Archaeologists have found glass beads and vessels in China from other parts of the world such as the eastern Mediterranean under the Roman Empire, and what is now Syria and Iran. These finds prove that glass from other countries reached China along trade routes.
Glass was also made in China, from at least the time of the Warring States period (481-221 BC). The glass bead with circles and dots is a striking early example of Chinese glass.
Archaeologists have found glass objects buried in tombs and Buddhist temples. This shows that Chinese people valued glass as a material. However glass grave goods were also made in China as substitutes for jade, like the circular disc and cicada plaques here.
Click on the images to find out more about them.


Create a hypothetical organization with details including geographic location(s), number of employees in each location, primary business functions, operational and technology details,
potential threats to the business and its technology, and anything else that you believe is relevant to the business.
Assume this organization is lacking in its contingency planning efforts and requires assistance in ensuring these efforts are appropriately addressed to increase its overall security and preparedness posture.
Write a ten to fifteen (10-15) page paper in which you:
- Provide an overview of the organization and indicate why contingency planning efforts are needed and how these efforts could benefit the business.
- Develop a full contingency plan for the organization. Include all subordinate functions / sub plans, including BIA, IRP, DRP, and BCP efforts.
- Determine the policies and procedures that would be needed for all contingency planning efforts.Detail the role of the policy / procedure, and explain how each would help achieve the goals of these efforts.
- Detail the processes to utilize in order to fully implement the contingency plan and its components, and explain the efforts to consider in maintainingthe plans.
- Create a hypothetical incident scenario where the contingency planning efforts would need to be utilized and detail: a. How the plan is sufficiently equipped to handle the incident. b. a timeline for the incident response and recovery efforts.
- Identify any ethical concerns that are specific to this organization and its incident response personnel (especially the CP Team Leader), and explain how to plan for these concerns.
- Use at least five (5) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipediaand similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
- Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
- Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference pageare not included in the required assignment page length


Everything But the Baa
If a student were asked to name 3 products that come from sheep, the answer would probably be something like this:
"Wool, lamb chops and leg of lamb"
And that answer would be completely right; but it is far from the whole story. The majority of sheep raised for processing in the United States are raised for meat purposes; while Australia holds the market on wool. Meat is an easy one - most students know what products are made from meat - leg of lamb, lamb chops, kabobs, rack of lamb and others. Wool gets a little more complicated - what do we use wool for? Depending on the quality it could be used for carpets, felt, clothing, fabric and many other things.
After that though, it starts getting really tricky. While meat and wool are the two products that readily come to mind, so much more of the sheep is used. There are products made from the hide, from the fat, from the manure and from the intestines that most don't realize have anything to do with sheep.
Want to learn more about by-products from sheep? Check out our Everything But the Baa infographic, video, worksheet, and activities! It is a great visual for students to start learning about just how much agriculture impacts their daily lives through more than just the food on their plates and illustrates how we really do use everything but the baaaa!


Estimated reading time: 5 minutes
When I was young in my career, I was fortunate enough to have some amazing mentors in my life.
These professionals who were only a few years ahead of me sowed into my development and helped to make me who I am today. I will be forever grateful for these selfless people in my life.
So what is a mentor?
We’ve all heard the term ‘mentor’ but what is a mentor?
Mentoring has been around for a long time, specifically in academic environments where teaching is a part of the business model.
For instance, in health care, a mentor will be assigned to a nurse or doctor in training to help them acclimate to the medical field.
According to dictionary.com a mentor is “
A mentor is someone who understands the work environment and offers advice to employees coming up the ladder.
Mentors offer guidance and words of wisdom on career advancement but have no reporting relationship.
Mentors are internal to the organization for many industries.
A trusted mentor understands the organization and serves as a guide to younger or less experienced employees, and helps them to advance in their careers within the organization or industry.
This is often done by teaching what I call the “unwritten rules” of an organization. Every organization and industry has these.
For instance, unwritten rules typically relate to the culture of the organization and are the expected behavioral norms.
Often there are tacit knowledge facts about an organization or industry that those who have been around for a while just know.
Much of this knowledge is based on the history of the organization and the evolution of things in the environment. This is valuable insight that can be lost when there is steady turnover.
Not everyone works for a big business or health care system. Some of us are entrepreneurs and need external mentors.
In the case of an entrepreneur, a mentor may be someone within the same industry who takes a younger professional under their wings and shows them the ropes.
For instance, young entrepreneurs may have strong networking skills and utilize those relationships to grow and mature in their profession.
8 Traits To Look For In A Mentor
1. Knows the Organization
A mentor is someone who has been around for a while and understands the organization inside and out.
They understand the organizational structure’s weaknesses and strengths and development process.
They know the pitfalls and how to avoid them.
For instance, there was an administrative assistant that worked for the CEO of a company I worked for. We all learned very quickly that developing a strong relationship with her was the key to access to the boss.
2. Knows the Industry
A mentor will know and understand the industry they are in.
They understand the history of the industry, how things got to be the way they are, and where the industry is going.
For instance, an industry expert will have knowledge and understanding of changing trends and be aware of developing technologies to address those needs.
Mentors like to predict where they see things going in the next few years and have opinions on their likes and dislikes of the way things are.
They have an unquenchable desire to keep on top of their industry.
3. Has No Ulterior Motives
A good mentor takes pleasure in developing others. They are not threatened by the mentee’s potential.
For instance, unprofessional experts fear that sharing what they know will threaten their position.
Mentors take pride in developing others and are not looking for anything in return – other than the pride that comes with watching someone’s professional development.
4. Diplomatically Honest
A good mentor is honest about the potential for development and advancement. They see things the way they are and are realistic.
They are comfortable sharing what they think is working as well as opportunities for change.
They see it as their responsibility to be honest – even when it may not be pleasant or easy.
5. Politically Savvy
Let’s face it; there are politics in every environment and at every level.
Good mentors are politically savvy and are aware of political “landmines” and how to avoid them.
They teach others how to maneuver successfully within the political environment.
Young professionals who don’t understand this can hit a political landmine and have it affect their career opportunities for sometimes years.
Don’t ever underestimate the power of politics – in any environment.
6. Have Time
A good mentor has time to spend mentoring. They are available for questions and can help their mentee over the hump in difficult situations.
For instance, a good mentor will have an open door policy for the person they are developing.
They enjoy spending time and just conversing about developmental topics.
7. Are Patient
It is easy to be impatient in the hustle and bustle of any work environment.
However, mentors are patient by nature.
They have been around a while, are well-oiled and seasoned, and know how to respond with patience and grace.
They don’t allow all of the noise in the room to trigger an emotional response.
8. Desire to Give Back
Most good mentors had a positive mentoring experience themselves and have a desire to give back to someone else.
They understand the advantages of being mentored and want to share that experience with others.
Structure Your Mentoring Program
Some organizations have structured mentoring programs.
This can be a very positive way to develop professionals as long as the mentors have the desire to mentor and exhibit the above traits.
I believe we all have the responsibility to give back to others what we have learned along the way.
This is how knowledge is transferred, and those behind us get developed.
I still remember my mentor. Her name is Antoinette Brooke.
She helped me climb the ladder out of the support realm into a leadership position. For that, I am forever grateful!
Who will you mentor today?


Jobst tells a story about one of his students: “He was sort of manhandling the airplane and slowing it up and slowing it up. And sure enough it let go. He threw his right hand up past my head. Luckily I ducked or I wouldn’t be here talking to you today. His hand flung out and he yelled, ‘You got it!’ So when I recovered he said, ‘What was that?’ I said, ‘It’s a spin.’ That convinced him to get spin training. Had he been alone with that first spin, he would likely be dead.”
Jim Patton is unequivocal, as he was in his 1980 testimony. “Certainly pilots should know how to recover from a spin,” he says. “Like buying an insurance policy. If the first time you go into a spin is inadvertent, especially if you’re at pattern altitude, then it’s too damned bad because you’re not going to do the right thing. The problem is that instructors are given only a once-in-a-lifetime exposure to spins. They should have to remain current in spin recovery.” Patton has a unique perspective on spins: He was chief pilot for a stall/spin research program conducted at NASA’s Langley Research Center from 1977 to 1987. Before that he had been an FAA test pilot, testing, among others, two aircraft known to have unrecoverable spin modes. The original intent of the FAA study was to examine the aerodynamics of a spin. By the time the study ended, Patton and his investigators had progressed to developing efficient methods of building spin resistance into general aviation aircraft.
For the NASA experiments his group acquired four general aviation aircraft that they modified radically to examine how changes to the standard airframe would affect spin characteristics. “The goal was to determine what was happening with spins, at least at first,” Patton says. His test flights with various aircraft modifications soon indicated that very small changes to the wing would produce huge differences in performance. “With simple changes to the wing we could change an airplane that flew like a kiddie car into a tiger that would eat you up,” he recalls. Thus came the realization that, with slight modifications, an airplane could be produced that was even more resistant to spins. The experimenters could say: “Hey, this is a very safe airplane. Not spin-proof, but it gives plenty of warning, lots of buffet, very little roll-off laterally—a long period of telling the pilot ‘Hey, you’re doing something wrong.’ ” In fact, a new generation of aircraft, particularly Lancair and Cirrus, use wing leading edge cuffs that were pioneered in Patton’s program. The cuffs, which improve the stall characteristics of an aircraft with only a negligible reduction in its performance, increase the radius of the wing’s leading edge and are attached so that there is a disruptive edge between the cuff and the wing itself. The effect of the cuff is to keep a stall from progressing from the inboard section of the wing to the outboard section.
Both the General Aviation Manufacturers Association and the FAA also believe in the importance of increasing the spin resistance of aircraft. In fact, the FAA argues that newer airplanes are less spin-prone, so there is less need for spin training. For that reason, Russell Lee, a private pilot and aeronautics curator at the National Air and Space Museum, thinks that obtaining a private pilot’s license should not require spin recovery training. He feels that many modern training-level and entry-level aircraft behave so well when operated according to the flight handbook that spin training to fly these airplanes is not necessary. “I think that in the vast majority of mainstream aircraft to which private pilots have access, there are simply too many clues designed into the aircraft to tell the pilot that he is headed for a spin,” says Lee. “Decaying airspeed is signalled not only by several instruments, but by a drop in wind noise and a drop in control pressures. Then there is pitch attitude change and stall warning—and all this happens before the airplane actually stalls. Most [modern training aircraft] types must then be held in the stall for some seconds to even fall off on a wing. To enter a genuine, full-rotation spin requires, in my experience with entry-level aircraft, aggressive use of pro-spin control movements such that the pilot has to purposely force the aircraft to spin.”
Lee has himself gone through spin training, and he says that it has made him a “better pilot, more prepared for unusual attitudes due to turbulence.” Though he doesn’t think spin training is necessary for beginning pilots, he does believe that once pilots graduate from entry-level aircraft to high-performance ones, they should get full spin training, or else they are putting themselves and those around them at risk.
Though new aircraft designs improve spin resistance, there are pilots still flying thousands of aircraft with less spin resistance, and some of them are going to find themselves in deadly spins. The real question is whether any of these lives might be saved by spin entry and recovery training. The FAA’s 1976 study sends a mixed message, so perhaps it’s time for a new study with a larger, more statistically valid sample. In the meantime, I’ll go spin every now and then, learn all I can, and try to avoid being the one who makes that fatal mistake.


Last week the words of Rauschenbusch urged us to pray — a prayer of confession, not only for the sins that we commit but also for the sins of our fathers and the social constructs of which we are a part. This week, however, we want to ask the question, “What is prayer really good for?” Let’s go back to The Social Principles of Jesus, section III, of the chapter “Solidarity of the Human Family” to explore this question:
Does religion create social unity or neutralize it. Does prayer isolate or connect? Has the force of religion in human history done more to divide or to consolidate men?
Evidently religion may work both ways, and all who are interested in it must see to it that their religion does not escape control and wreck fraternity. Even mystic prayer and contemplation, which is commonly regarded as the flower of religious life, may make men indifferent to their fellows.
It is worth noting that the prayer experiences of Jesus were not ascetic or unsocial. They prepared him for action…. When he went out from Capernaum to pray “a great while before day, ” it was to launch his aggressive missionary campaign among the Galilean villages…. Prayer is Christian only if it makes us realize our fellows more keenly and affectionately. (emphasis added)
Religion, even the “flower of religious life” — prayer, is good for absolutely nothing if it does not lead to action. Why? Because for Rauschenbusch, and I believe he is correct here, prayer isn’t prayer — or at least not Christian prayer — if it does not lead to view our fellow humanity “more keenly and affectionately.” It is NOT Christian prayer if it does not lead to action.
When our children were young and we would ask them to apologize for something they had done wrong, they would say, “I’m sorry.” Then we would ask them, “What does ‘I’m sorry mean?'” Their taught response was, “I won’t do it again.” Of course, by the time our son was five he had changed it to, “I’ll try to not do it again.” He knew the limits of his own humanity! Regardless, it was a confession that was intended to lead to change of behavior.
As Christians, it is good for us to pray for social justice, for racial unity, and to participate in confession of personal and corporate sins against “fraternity.” However, if these prayers do not lead to action then they are NOT Christian — they are not prayers at all. These prayers are good for absolutely nothing!
I AM NOT suggesting that prayer is not important!
I AM NOT suggesting that we shouldn’t pray!
I AM SUGGESTING THE EXACT OPPOSITE! True Christian prayer is essential!
I AM AFFIRMING the scriptural truth that prayer, that religion, that a relationship with Jesus Christ, should — must — change us and our actions! May we not forget that prayer like faith without works is dead (James 2:14-26).
At the end of Matthew chapter 9, Jesus called his disciples to pray for workers to go into the world. He pleads with them to pray that God would send messengers into a dark world with the light of the Good News. And what do Jesus and his disciples do at the beginning of chapter 10?
“Jesus called his twelve disciples to him and gave them authority to drive out impure spirits and to heal every disease and sickness.” Matthew 10:1
Jesus calls his followers to pray. And then he calls them to answer that prayer!
God is calling us to pray for justice, to pray for righteousness, to bring the light of the Good News into the darkness of the world. And God is calling us to be that light, that righteousness, that justice.
I know the limits of my own humanity, however. I know that it would be naive for me to say, “I won’t do it again — I won’t ignore the plight of my fellow humans.” But I want to do better. I want to try to not do it again — to not ignore justice, to not ignore righteousness, to not bear the light of God’s Good News for all humanity. And so I pray. And I change a bit. And I fail. And so I pray. And I change a bit more.
Too often we are afraid of others taking away our right to pray. It’s time for us to be concerned that our prayers are ineffectual because we do nothing about them!
- How can you bring God’s light into the darkness around you?
- How can you bring God’s light, righteousness, and justice to your Facebook feed?
- How can you be the answer to the prayer of healing and fraternity in your country, in your neighborhood, in your home?


On 23 August 2010 around 13.30 hours the chestnut tree that Anne Frank wrote about in her diary fell down, together with its iron supporting construction.
Anne Frank Tree
In the period of over two years (6 July 1942 to 4 August 1944) that Anne Frank spent in hiding in the secret annexe, nature and her longing for freedom played an ever greater role. Through a window in the attic that was not blacked out, Anne could see the sky, birds and the chestnut tree. She wrote about the tree in her diary three times, the last time on 13 May 1944: “Our chestnut tree is in full bloom. It’s covered with leaves and is even more beautiful than last year.”
Buy the diary, other books, DVDs, museum catalogues and postcards!
To the online store
The tree, a white horse chestnut, was over 170 years old, and stood in the courtyard garden of number 188 Keizersgracht. It was one of the oldest chestnut trees in Amsterdam. When in 2005 it was found that the tree was suffering from a serious disease, the Anne Frank House decided, with the permission of the owner, to gather chestnuts, germinate them, and donate the saplings to schools named after Anne Frank and other organisations. Many Anne Frank Schools and other organisations and locations around the world have now been given a young tree. In 2009, 150 descendents of the tree were donated to the Amsterdamse Bos woodland park. After three years in quarantine, the last young trees from the Anne Frank House seedling project will now be planted in the USA.
An aerial view of the chestnut tree.
For many years the chestnut tree was cared for by Pius Floris Tree Care of Amsterdam on the instructions of Amsterdam City Council. The young trees have been grown on and cared for by Bonte Hoek Nurseries. Since 2008 the chestnut tree was safeguarded by the Support Anne Frank Tree foundation.
Anne Frank tree support structure
Intensive consultations between Amsterdam Central Borough Council, local residents, the Tree Foundation, the Anne Frank House and the owner of the garden where the tree stands led to an agreement on the maintenance of the chestnut tree. In April 2008 the tree was given a support structure, and its crown was anchored. It was hoped that in this way the tree would remain standing for a minimum of 5 to 15 years. The Support Anne Frank Tree foundation was responsible for carrying out these measures.
Tree with new support structure.
Tree has fallen
On 23 August around 13.30 hours the chestnut tree that Anne Frank wrote about in her diary fell down, together with its iron supporting construction. The tree broke off completely at a height of approximately one meter above the ground. Fortunately nobody was injured.
The fallen tree on 23 August 2010.
Removal of wood
On Thursday 26 and Friday 27 August the fallen chestnut tree will be sawn into pieces and removed. The Anne Frank House is not the owner of the tree, and therefore has no say in what will be done with the wood. The Support Anne Frank Tree foundation will concern itself with this: www.support-annefranktree.nl/. It is not yet known what will come in the place of the Anne Frank tree. A descendent of the tree will possibly be planted in the garden. For the time being, only the broken stump bears witness to the tree from which Anne Frank once found consolation.
Passages from the diary
Anne Frank wrote about the tree in her diary three times.
23 February 1944
The two of us looked out at the blue sky, the bare chestnut tree glistening with dew, the seagulls and other birds glinting with silver as they swooped through the air, and we were so moved and entranced that we couldn’t speak.
18 April 1944
April is glorious, not too hot and not too cold, with occasional light showers. Our chestnut tree is in leaf, and here and there you can already see a few small blossoms.
13 May 1944
Our chestnut tree is in full bloom. It’s covered with leaves and is even more beautiful than last year.
Quotation from Otto Frank
During a speech in 1968 Otto Frank described his thoughts when he read Anne’s diary for the first time:
How could I have known how much it meant to Anne to see a patch of blue sky, to observe the seagulls as they flew, and how important the chestnut tree was for her, when I think that she never showed any interest in nature. Still, she longed for it when she felt like a bird in a cage. Only the thought of the freedom of nature gave her comfort. But she kept all those feelings to herself.