Four standard threads of metric, inch, modulus and diameter control can be turned on a CNC lathe. Regardless of which thread is turned, a strict movement relationship between the lathe spindle and the tool must be maintained: that is, every revolution of the spindle (that is, the workpiece) One turn), the tool should move evenly by a lead distance (of the workpiece). The following analysis of ordinary threads will strengthen the understanding of ordinary threads in order to better process ordinary threads.
Size Analysis Of Ordinary Thread
CNC turning machine require a series of dimensions for the machining of ordinary threads. The calculation and analysis of the dimensions required for ordinary thread machining mainly include the following two aspects:
1. Workpiece diameter before thread machining
Considering the expansion of the thread profile, the diameter of the workpiece before threading is D/D-0.1P, that is, the major diameter of the thread is reduced by 0.1 pitch, which is generally 0.1 to 0.5 smaller than the major diameter of the thread according to the material deformability.
2. Thread machining feed
The feed amount of the thread can refer to the bottom diameter of the thread, that is, the final feed position of the thread cutter.
The minor diameter of the thread is: large diameter-2 times the tooth height, tooth height = 0.54P (P is the pitch)
The feed amount of thread processing should be continuously reduced, and the specific feed amount should be selected according to the tool and the working material.
Tool Setting And Setting Of Common Thread Cutter
If the turning tool is installed too high or too low or too high, when the tool is eaten to a certain depth, the flank face of the turning tool will resist the workpiece, increase the friction force, and even bend the workpiece, causing the phenomenon of gnawing; Chips are not easy to be discharged. The direction of the radial force of the turning tool is the center of the workpiece. In addition, the gap between the traverse screw and the nut is too large, which causes the depth of the tool to be continuously and automatically deepened, so that the workpiece is lifted and the tool is gnawed. At this time, the height of the turning tool should be adjusted in time to make the tip of the tool the same height as the axis of the workpiece (the tip of the tailstock can be used for tool setting). In rough turning and semi-finishing turning, the position of the tool tip is about 1% D higher than the center of the workpiece (D represents the diameter of the workpiece to be processed).
Insufficient clamping of the workpiece. The rigidity of the workpiece itself cannot withstand the cutting force during turning, resulting in excessive deflection, which changes the center height of the turning tool and the workpiece (the workpiece is raised), resulting in a sudden increase in the depth of cut and tool gnawing. At this time, the workpiece should be clamped firmly, and the tailstock center can be used to increase the rigidity of the workpiece.
Common thread tool setting methods include trial cutting and automatic tool setting with a tool setting instrument. You can directly use the tool to test the tool, or use G50 to set the workpiece zero point, and use the workpiece shift to set the workpiece zero point for tool setting. The tool setting requirements for thread processing are not very high, especially the Z-direction tool setting has no strict restrictions, which can be determined according to the programming processing requirements.
Programming And Processing of ordinary threads
In the current CNC lathes, there are generally three processing methods for thread cutting: G32 linear cutting method, G92 linear cutting method and G76 oblique cutting method. Due to different cutting methods and different programming methods, machining errors are also caused. different. We must carefully analyze the operation and use, and strive to process high-precision parts.
- With the G32 straight cutting method, since both sides of the cutting edge work at the same time, the cutting force is large and the cutting is difficult, so the two cutting edges are easy to wear during cutting. When cutting a thread with a larger pitch, due to the larger depth of cut, the blade wears faster, resulting in an error in the pitch diameter of the thread, but the processed tooth profile accuracy is higher, so it is generally used for small pitch thread processing. Since the cutting of the cutting tool is completed by programming, the processing procedure is long, and the cutting edge is easy to wear, so frequent measurement must be done during processing.
- The G92 linear cutting method simplifies the programming and improves the efficiency compared with the G32 command.
- G76 oblique cutting method, because it is single-sided cutting, the cutting edge is easy to damage and wear, so that the processed thread surface is not straight, the tool tip angle changes, and the tooth profile accuracy is poor. However, due to its single-sided edge work, the tool load is small, chip removal is easy, and the cutting depth is decreasing. Therefore, this processing method is generally suitable for large pitch thread processing. Because this processing method is easy to remove chips and the cutting edge processing conditions are better, this processing method is more convenient when the thread precision requirements are not high. When processing higher-precision threads, it can be finished by two-tool machining, firstly using G76 machining method for rough turning, and then G32 machining method for finishing. But pay attention to the accurate starting point of the tool, otherwise it is easy to buckle randomly and cause the parts to be scrapped.
- After the thread processing is completed, you can judge the thread quality by observing the thread profile and take measures in time. When the thread crest is not sharp, increasing the cutting amount of the knife will increase the major diameter of the thread. The increase depends on the plasticity of the material. When the tooth top has been sharpened, if the cutting amount of the knife is increased, the large diameter is proportionally reduced. According to this feature, the cutting amount of the thread must be treated correctly to prevent scrapping.
Ordinary thread detection
For general standard threads, thread ring gauges or plug gauges are used to measure. When measuring external threads, if the “over-end” ring gauge of the thread just screwed in, but the “end-stop” ring gauge does not screw in, it means that the processed thread meets the requirements, otherwise it is unqualified. When measuring internal threads, use threaded plug gauges and measure in the same way. In addition to the thread ring gauge or plug gauge measurement, other measuring tools can also be used to measure the pitch diameter of the thread with a thread micrometer, and the pitch thickness of the trapezoidal thread and the pitch diameter of the worm with the tooth thickness vernier. The measuring needle is used according to the three needles. The measuring method measures the pitch diameter of the thread.


Almost everything is in a rush.
The world demands. We learn to multitask. We get things done.
We forget to enjoy the process.
This insight keeps on haunting me. Through the people I meet. In varying times. In different places.
One day, I paused, I sat down. I focused on my breath and emptied my mind. New insights came in.
Had you experienced seeing, smelling, tasting, hearing or feeling something that reminded you of a place or a person from the past?
It was because at that moment, you had a glimpse of that moment which could be associated with a past experience.
I was not really into essential oils. I just knew the smell of a few. Its aroma seemed relaxing but I didn’t spend time checking its variety.
I couldn’t really distinguish their difference. I just consumed the lavender first
When the bottle was already empty, I used the chamomile scent.
After some time of using chamomile, its aroma seemed familiar but still I couldn’t remember.
Then I realized that it has the same smell of baby powder that our lola (grandmother) used on us when we were still children. She already passed on a decade ago.
Since then, whenever I smell OLEIA Oil Chamomile, I feel so good as if I’m rekindling the joy of being with her in my childhood years.
At present, I’m enjoying making memories with my loved ones.
Just by being present with them is a good start.
And in every variant of OLEIA Oil, I have a story to tell on how each scent has connected our lives deeper.


What is security?¶
If you would look up security in a dictionary, you would get a definition more or less like:
protected against threats
In other words, if we want to be secure, we need to know what threats exist and how to protect against them. A security requirement therefore states that we want to be protected against a certain threat, and sometimes how. Finding security requirements is essentially the same as finding threats.
In other literature, you will find definitions of security in terms of certain properties, such as confidentiality, integrity and availability. The problem with these properties is that they are hard to define and not orthogonal, we can for example get confidentiality by making data unavailable [Schneider].
Danezis gives a more precise, but still abstract definition of security in his SecAppDev talk, i.e. “properties [that] must be maintained despite a resourced strategic adversary.” [Danezis]. These properties, called a security policy, combined with knowledge of threats, called a threat model, answers the question whether a system is secure or not [Danezis].
In this guide, we follow the less formal definition, because it works for our purposes.
The above definition of ‘secure’ also shows that 100% security is not realistic, since we can never be sure to have covered all threats, or to have protected against threats, because they conflict with functionality, performance, usability, or costs. This moves security down on the priority list.
Instead of aiming for 100% security, we must set our goal to be secure enough. What is enough depends on the software’s environment and whether we are willing to accept certain threats. Such decisions are part of risk assessment, and can be difficult.
When we know a threat’s risk, we can protect against it in different ways. If the risk is acceptable, we can simply do nothing and accept the risk. Otherwise, we will need to take measures to reduce the risk. This is called mitigation. A mitigation can be technical (such as using a firewall) or non-technical (such as legal action or insurance). Of course every mitigation has a cost, and not every mitigation may be worth the expense.
Your risk can differ from my risk. The software’s environment may be different, or your security needs may be stricter than mine. Often if end-user security risks vary wildly, technical mitigations are made configurable. The responsibility for mitigating the threat is then transfered to the user of the software, who will have to configure the system securely. As a software developer however, you will have to explain how the risk can be mitgated through the configuration and to ensure that the implementation of the mitigation is correct.
As you progress more in the development process, software requirements will become more detailed and concrete. Similar to functional requirements, security requirements exist at different abstraction levels. In earlier phases of the development, security requirements will be more abstract than in later phases. Who creates the requirements is also important, as finding concrete security requirements asks for a certain expertise. We distinguish three abstraction levels, that are discussed in the next sections 1.
Business level security requirements¶
At the highest level, we find the business processes, for which we write the software. Requirements on this level are fairly abstract and do not assume a particular user interface yet. Typically the end-user or business owner is the best party to think about the applicable threats at this level. For example, a security requirement for serving coffee to customers could be: “a customer should not get coffee without paying”. Note that this requirement applies just as well to a coffee machine as to a human vendor serving coffee.
User interaction level security requirements¶
Just like a normal user, an attacker interacts with the system through a user interface. This user interface influences where and when an attack can happen. Typically developers and end-users or business/product owners create security requirements at this level together, similar to how they determine the user interface itself. For example, we may require that “maintenance functions on the coffee machine are only available to users with administrator privileges”.
System level security requirements¶
Probably the biggest source of threats are the technical components of the system. Every technology comes with its own unique threats. A developer must be aware of such threats in order to mitigate them. System level threats are very technical in nature. An example of a security requirement for the coffee machine, could be that the remote maintenance interface must only be available via HTTPS using a valid client certificate. Such requirements are created as the system design becomes more concrete. Sometimes however, the system’s environment dictates certain system level security requirements, for example because the system must interface with other systems. In other cases, compliance will yield security requirements, for example because laws or regulation require them.
Determining threat impact¶
In general you cannot mitigate all threats, and your software will be vulnerable to some of them. Users of the system cannot assess the risk if they cannot understand the threat impact. We want to be able to translate technical risks at the system level to higher level business risks. For example, if our code contains an XPath injection problem, not everybody may understand what that means. But if we explain that a user can see another user’s medical data, it is a lot clearer. You can prioritize your security requirements better if you can make this translation.
To define security for a system, we must know as many threats as possible, and decide how to mitigate them. The risk of a threat and the mitigation cost determine whether to mitigate the threat or not. Threats exist at different abstraction levels and different stakeholders create them at different times in the development process. It helps to put threats in perspective if we can translate technical threats to more abstract business threats.
Too many ways exist to categorize software requirements, and it is confusing. In the security world, categorizations almost always fail. The point here is to show that security requirements exist at different abstraction levels and that different stakeholders can create them at different times.


12/23/2022 at 6:41 p.m. by Oliver Jäger – A few years ago, a user presented his fanless, passively cooled case in the forum on the Chinese website Headphoneclub.com, which he had equipped with a number of heat sinks and heat pipes. He is said to have reliably kept a Core i9-9900KS below a temperature of 86 degrees Celsius.
At the end of the year there are once again interesting things to marvel at from the mothballs of the do-it-yourself department. Two years ago, the user “Shadow_a” set himself the task of putting together a “super passive cooling case” in the forum of the Chinese website Headphoneclub.com. As the user writes, the passive cooling housing had “poisoned” him (loosely translated from Chinese), which is why he wanted to take action and create his own build.
Heatsinks and heatpipes as far as the eye can see
Shadow_a’s passively cooled and fanless case measures 480 x 390 x 210 mm on the outside and weighs 14.5 kilograms. The processor used is Intel’s Core i9-9900KS on an Asus ROG Maximus XI Hero board. There is also information on the other components. The inventor calls a Geforce GT 1030 from Asus as the graphics card, an AX1600i from Corsair as the external power supply and a 983 ZET from Samsung for the NVMe SSD. The cooling approach for the case, which Shadow_a came up with, is particularly interesting.
Also worth reading: Gaming bed with RGB: The Drift can do that
Apparently, this approach was to add as many heatsinks and heatpipes as space would allow to the fanless, passively cooled case, and then see how the end result affected the temperatures. The images that you can view in the gallery roughly show the extent of the “super passive cooling case”.
According to the Fanlesstech.com website and the images provided by Shadow_a, the Core i9-9900KS used in this setup is said to have been kept easily below 86 degrees Celsius with a multi-core clock of almost 5 GHz. The forum member made all this effort solely for the purpose of listening to music, as Shadow_a mentions at the end.
Source: Headphoneclub, Fanlesstech


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Whenever we ended up youngsters, probably the most primary craft projects we realized to perform is coloring with crayons and markers. That is a thing excellent to perform with children mainly because you can obtain several educational coloring e book internet pages. As opposed to just hanging the pictures on the refrigerator, even so, transform them into a lot more advanced projects. Make use of them to decoupage or make them into greeting cards. Grandparents appreciate finding birthday cards that includes drawings from their grandchildren!
It is possible to also discover pleasurable projects to teach your children the necessity of recycling. Use newspaper, by way of example, to perform paper mache tasks and develop candles away from outdated crayons. It is possible to discover a amount of crafting guides that display you methods to employ plastic bottles, tin cans, tissue boxes, as well as a variety of other things that you would usually toss absent Craft Ornaments.
When crafting with small children, it truly is important to discover initiatives which are safe and sound. Keep in mind, a child's entire body continues to be building, so they are vulnerable to substances and also other hazardous harmful toxins whereas adult bodies aren't as vulnerable. Understand what substances to stay away from and examine labels. This really is in particular critical for paints, glues, and clays. Be sure to enjoy young small children really cautiously, as even non-toxic substances is usually damaging when they go into a child's eyes and, in any circumstance, could be difficult to remove from carpets and walls!
If you don't like carrying out crafts, consider earning a alter for your personal little ones. Craft tasks never need to be pricey, messy, or difficult to do-you may even find crafts which will make great house decorative merchandise! If all else fails, consider signing up your kids for courses at community craft supply outlets and summertime camps.
Read Also: Assault Craft Unit 2


Newer townhouse in a central location with a spacious floor plan. The main level has a bedroom/office, half bath and open kitchen/great room with a large north facing deck. Upstairs has a nice master suite, two bedrooms, full bath and laundry. The lower level is an extra deep double garage and storage. Entry drive for the garage is on the west side, additional parking on the north. Mt. Adams views and a peek at the Columbia River.
Additional Room 1 Room:Upper
Bedroom 2 Room:Main
Bedroom 3 Room:Upper
Basement Description:Partially Finished
Lot & Building Features
Appliances:Cook Island, Stainless Steel Appliance(s), Range Hood, Granite, Free-Standing Refrigerator, Free-Standing Gas Range, Dishwasher
Community and Schools
Elementary School:May Street
Junior High School:Hood River
Senior High School:Hood River Vall
Price History of 2820 MAY ST, Hood River, OR
*We provide this information for your reference only. The accuracy of this information cannot be verified and is not guaranteed.
2820 MAY ST (MLS #19153592) is a townhouse, traditional single family home located in Hood River, OR.
This single family home is 2,353 sqft and on a lot of 3,049 sqft (or 0.07 acres) with 4 bedrooms, 2.1 baths and is 14 years old. This property was listed on 05/17/2019 and has been priced for sale at $469,900.