Russian president demanded that exports of Russian gas to "unfriendly" countries be settled in rubles. The demand has raised concerns in Germany about possible supply disruptions and the impact on industry and households if utilities do not pay in robles. Europe gets about 40% of its gas from Russia. Last year, Europe imported about 155 billion cubic meters. Germany, Europe's largest economy, depends heavily on Russian gas.
The chief executive of Germany's E.ON said the German economy would face "significant damage, which should be avoided if possible" without Russian supplies. He also said it would take Germany three years to wean itself off Russian gas.
In the event of a supply disruption, Germany's gas network regulator would prioritize home heating over industrial use, so energy-hungry manufacturers such as steelmakers would be the first to suffer, he said.
The volatile international situations will continue to affect the markets and prices of many commodities like the CoCrW Powder .
About 3D Printing Alloy CoCrW Powder:
3D Printing Alloy CoCrW Powder is one of the Stellite alloys, which are hard alloys resistant to various types of wear and corrosion as well as high-temperature oxidation. Namely commonly referred to as cobalt-based alloy. Initially, the Stellite alloy is a cobalt-chromium binary alloy and later developed into a cobalt-chromium tungsten ternary composition. Cobalt-Cr-W alloy is an alloy with cobalt as the main component, containing a considerable amount of chromium and tungsten and a small amount of nickel, molybdenum, silicon, carbon, niobium, tantalum and occasionally iron. Depending on the composition of the alloy, they can be made into welding wire, powder for hard surfacing, thermal spraying, spray welding and other processes, as well as cast and forged parts and powder metallurgy parts.
The basic composition of cobalt-chromium-tungsten alloy is: Co:50%~58%,Cr:28%~30%,W:4%~6%,Ni:2%~4% and other alloy composition, melting point is 1470℃.As can be seen from the composition of the alloy, the cobalt and tungsten content of the alloy are very high, which makes the material has excellent high-temperature performance and has poor thermal conductivity. It is these characteristics that make the cobalt-chromium tungsten alloy in the grinding process spark is dark red, the number of sparks is very small, the metal from the workpiece surface is easy to block the grinding wheel, so that the grinding conditions quickly deteriorate, at the same time produce a lot of grinding heat can not quickly spread, resulting in low efficiency, workpiece surface burns. Feel free to send an inquiry to get the latest price if you would like to buy 3D Printing Alloy CoCrW Powder in bulk.
3D printing CoCrW bonding alloy powder
Composition(percentage by mass)
Additional elements less than 1%: N, Nb
Contains no nickel, beryllium or iron
|category||Alloy grades and characteristics|
|Particle size:||0-20μm, 15-45μm, 15-53μm, 53-105μm, 53-150μm, 105-250μm|
|Morphology:||Spherical or nearly spherical|
|Package:||Aluminum bag, Vacuum packing|
|Application:||3D printing metal powder|
|Other applications:||powder metallurgy(PM), injection molding(MIM), spray painting(SP) etc.|
How is 3D Printing Alloy CoCrW Powder produced?
The waste iron is smelted to the melting point, and then the eight raw materials of cobalt, chromium, tungsten, sulfur, silicon, carbon, aluminum and copper are added in turn, and then the temperature is reduced to 1150-1200°C for high-temperature solution treatment for 40-60min, and then the temperature is again reduced to 880-970°C for aging treatment for 2-3h, and the cobalt, chromium and tungsten alloy is obtained through annealing treatment again.
Applications of 3D Printing Alloy CoCrW Powder:
CoCrW powder is one of the rough alloys that can resist various types of wear, corrosion and oxidation at high temperatures. Depending on the composition of the alloy, they can be made into welding wires, powders for hard surface substrates, thermal spray, and spray. They can also be made into castings, forgings and powder metallurgy parts.
COCRW powder can be used in laser/electron beam additive manufacturing (SLM/EBM), powder metallurgy (PM), spraying, welding and other processes. The powder is mainly used for 3D printing of biomedical materials, such as teeth, body supports, artificial joints, etc.
Cobalt-Cr-W alloy is widely used in locomotive engines, nuclear power plant valves, Marine engines and various aircraft.
Early cobalt-chromium - tungsten alloys were produced by non - vacuum smelting and casting processes. Later developed alloys, such as MAR-M509 alloy, which contains more active elements such as zirconium and boron, are produced by vacuum smelting and vacuum casting.
Generally, cobalt-chromium-tungsten alloy lacks a uniform strengthening phase. Although its strength is low at medium temperature (only 50-75% of that of nickel-based alloy), it has high strength, good thermal fatigue resistance, thermal corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance at temperatures higher than 980℃, and good weldability. It is suitable for the production of guide vane and nozzle guide vane of aviation jet engine, industrial gas turbine, naval gas turbine and nozzle, etc.
Storage Condition of CoCrW Powder:
The damp reunion will affect CoCrW powder dispersion performance and using effects, therefore, CoCrW powder should be sealed in vacuum packing and stored in cool and dry room, the CoCrW powder can not be exposure to air. In addition, the CoCrW powder should be avoided under stress.
Packing & Shipping of CoCrW Powder:
We have many different kinds of packing which depend on the CoCrW powder quantity.
CoCrW powder packing:vacuum packing, 100g, 500g or 1kg/bag, 25kg/barrel, or as your request.
CoCrW powder shipping: could be shipped out by sea, by air, by express, as soon as possible once payment receipt.
Luoyang Tongrun Nano Technology Co. Ltd. (TRUNNANO) is a trusted global chemical material supplier & manufacturer with over 12-year-experience in providing super high-quality chemicals and Nanomaterials, including boron powder, nitride powder, graphite powder, zinc sulfide, 3D printing powder, etc.
If you are looking for 3D printing metal powder, please feel free to contact us and send an inquiry, email address: firstname.lastname@example.org
3D Printing Alloy CoCrW Powder Properties
|Other Names||Cobalt Chromium Tungsten, Cobalt 6B, Stellite 6B ,Co-Cr-W|
|Appearance||Gray metallic solid in various forms (ingot, tubing, pieces, powder)|
|Solubility in water||N/A|
|Particle Size||0-20μm, 15-45μm, 15-53μm, 53-105μm, 53-150μm, 105-250μm|
|Exact Mass||294.824632 g/mol|
|Monoisotopic Mass||294.824632 g/mol|
3D Printing Alloy CoCrW Powder Health & Safety Information
According to the bank of Spain's latest forecast data, the average inflation is expected to hit 7.6% in 2022, but the average wage increase for workers in this country is expected to be less than 4% in 2022.
If the Bank of Spain's forecast comes true, the gap between price and wage growth in Spain in a single year will be the largest since 1984.
Prices in Spain rose 9.8% year on year in March 2022 and average wages rose 2.4% year on year, with the Bank of Spain forecasting that the country's inflation rate will improve from July.
Recent changes in the international situation have had a big impact on commodity and energy prices. How the prices of the CoCrW Powder will develop in the future is still uncertain.
Aluminum nitride is an atomic crystal, belonging to diamond-like nitride, hexagonal, wurtzite crystal structure, non-toxic, white or off-white. Aluminum nitride is a good thermal shock material.…
Boron carbide (B4C) is an extremely hard boron-carbon ceramic and covalent material used in tank armor, bulletproof vests, engine damage powder, and many industrial applications.…
Brazil, the world's largest sugar producer, has recently switched to ethanol nano silica price is predicted to go higher in the future. Silicon Dioxide nanoparticles, also known as silica nanoparticles or nano-silica, can be used as: Elec…


Guangzhou Dragon Machinery Technology Co.Ltd has long been committed to the R&D and production of Condenser. Engaged in Condenser for many years, Guangzhou Dragon Machinery Technology Co.Ltd has been a leading company. As a Condenser manufacturer, Guangzhou Dragon Machinery Technology Co.Ltd enjoys superiority in capacity and quality.
By applying traditional and modern technology, the quality of Condenser is superior than similar type of products. Condenser is produced by adopting traditional and modern technology to ensure first-class quality. There is a strict quality control system during the production of Condenser.
Dragon Machinery actively implemented Condenser requirements to firmly establish a fully developed enterprise in Condenser industry. Continuing to promote Condenser and accelerating the construction of our environment-friendly enterprises are our top tasks for now. Carrying out the plan of Condenser has been proved to be effective in Dragon Machinery. In order to achieve the Condenser development goals, Dragon Machinery will concentrate its efforts on grasping resources and enhancing the driving force.
Company Advantages1. The quality control of Dragon Machinery wood laser cutting machine price is strictly conducted. Stringent measures on raw material extraction and regular testing procedures have been carried out to cater to building structural elements.
4 axis 3d Woodworking Engraving CNC Router Machine For Wood Mdf Plywood
Application of 4 axis chinese wood cnc router
This 4 axis chinese wood cnc router widely used for Wood, plastic, density board, wave board, PVC, acrylic, crystal, aluminum board, light marble and other nonmetal material and light metal material.
Parameters of 4 axis chinese wood cnc router
Working area size
X,Y Axis rack and pinion transmission, Z Axis Taiwan TBI ball screw transmission ; Taiwan Hiwin rail guide
9.0kw Italy HSD spindle
Japan YASKAWA servo motor and drivers
Taiwan Syntec control system
Carousel auto tool changer (capacity : 8tools)
Parts Pictures of 4 axis chinese wood cnc router
Samples of 4 axis chinese wood cnc router
1. This 4 axis chinese wood cnc router packaged with standard plywood case, its compressive strength and bearing quality is better.
2. the board area is bit, the soil structure is good, it is better in leakproofness and waterproof.
3.when importing, the plywood case is with fumigation-free, the procedure is simple.
After sals service of 4 axis chinese wood cnc router
1. 36 months guarantee of the whole 4 axis chinese wood cnc router ,We will provide the consumable parts at an agency price when you need replacement.
2. Our engineer could support you technology to your contry if necessary.
3. Our enginner could service on weekend even on vacation.
4. Our engineer could train you on at our factory for free.
5. Our engineer could service you 24 hours online by skype, yahoo, msn, QQ, or by cellphone.
Our company has been a professional manufacturer of CNC router for many years in China.
We keep idea of innovation and work hard to make famous brand and service for society.
We treat customers' demand as our life. We emphasize personal training and technical improving.
Every product is excellent-designed and strict quality-controlled.
Want to know more product information? We will provide you with detailed pictures and detailed content of 3 axis cnc router in the following section for your reference.
Application of the Product
Multiple in function and wide in application, 3 axis cnc router can be used in many industries and fields.
Dragon Machinery always focuses on meeting customers' needs. We are dedicated to providing customers with comprehensive and quality solutions.
Compared with other products in the same category, 3 axis cnc router has the following major features.
Dragon Machinery has a first-class product development team and a professional quality management team, which provides a solid guarantee for improving products.
Our company is devoted to providing the best service for our customers at the lowest cost.
Our company will carry forward the enterprise spirit of 'developing and enterprising, pursuing excellence and advancing with the times', and uphold the business philosophy of 'supporting the brand with service, enhancing the value with the brand and leading the consumption with value'. Our goal is to build a perfect market service system and provide high value products and a full range of services for consumers.
Dragon Machinery was successfully established in After years of development, our brand is deeply rooted in people's heart.
Dragon Machinery's are not just popular among the domestic market. They are also exported to Southeast Asia, Europe, Africa, and other countries and regions.


Vertical tank automatic internal longitudinal seam welding machine
According to the characteristics of vertical cylinder inverted construction, the automatic welding system of vertical cylinder inner vertical seam is independently developed and produced, which is suitable for vertical cylinder inverted construction.
This vertical cylinder vertical seam automatic welding system consists of three parts: pure inverted numerical control gas electric vertical welding machine, basic installation, tank wall groove vertical seam welding process development. The pure inverted numerical control gas electric vertical welding machine needs a movable multi-function welding trolley, welding trolley guide rail parts, vertical welding welding trolley, inverted cooling water tank, cooling water circulation system, welding power supply, cylinder rack components and other components Gas cylinder, welding wire feeder and digital control and electrical control system.
The vertical seam automatic welding system of vertical cylinder can meet the welding of plate thickness of 10 mm-50 mm, and the lifting speed of vertical seam welding trolley can be adjusted, so as to achieve stable welding pool, controllable welding speed, and complete the automatic welding work of large vertical cylinder longitudinal seam. Its main feature is that the water-cooled copper slider forces a single welding longitudinal seam to form at one time, which greatly improves the welding quality and welding efficiency, and reduces the welding cost Less labor intensity of welder.
Address: No. 1 Zhongxing West Road, Lishui District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
WeChat public number


Questions? Contact us at email@example.com
Stefano's Espresso Care is a direct importer of Elektra Machines and Parts, as well as the only Authorized Dealer for the state of Oregon. We also offer a rebuild service for the some of the components below. Contact us for details.
The parts listed below the schematic window are for all Elektra Commercial Units. Important changes where made on some of these components over the years. Please read the descriptions carefully to make sure you are purchasing the correct item for your machine. Before ordering parts, please check your unit's date of production (located on the serial number tag) or contact us if you are not sure or cannot locate it.
To see parts specific to one schematic, scroll through the images in the large window and click on one to view products associated only with that schematic. Click on the schematic again to open a larger image in a separate window.
Click here for additional PDF/printable schematics.


Hevvy Pumps Challenges and Passes their Upgrade to ISO 9001:2015
At Hevvy Pumps we are proud to announce that we have passed our ISO 9001 Quality certification upgrade to the newly released 2015 standard.
What does this mean?
It means that our focus is to continually improve, ensuring that all our internal capacities and procedures are executed to the highest level of quality and audited to prove that. You, our loyal customers and friends, have asked for the best and our company will happily continue working hard to provide you nothing less. Thank you to our quality team for monitoring, correcting and proactively working to keep us on track! Thank you to our full team for believing in this above and beyond approach. But mostly, thank you to our customers for supporting us along this journey and providing us constant feedback so we can have the opportunity to constantly progress.
Big thanks to SAI Global for sending in the best auditors to finetooth through each process and ensure we are getting the most out of the ISO Quality system.
Learn about the industrial pumps that Hevvy Pumps has to offer your project:
- centrifugal pumps
- heavy duty slurry pump
- dredging pumps
- submersible dredging pumps
- agitator pump
- slurry pumps
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Talk to Hevvy Pumps for more information.


Product descriptionFor those riding in consistently wet conditions, our new UFO Drip for Wet Conditions has been uniquely developed to maximize the benefits of a wax chain lubricant, while resisting deterioration through wet riding conditions.
- 100 ml bottle
- 8ml, or an 8-gram difference by weight per coating
- Non-toxic, PFAS-free and biodegradeable formula
Worlds fastest chain coating
Non-toxic, PFAS-free and biodegradeable formula
This product is rated 3.3 of 5.0 stars.
It has received 3 reviews.
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UFO Drip Wet


Send an Inquiry Now
Hi! Welcome to website of Jyu Fong Machinery. Please leave your question down below the sheet. On the other hand, you can contact us with email, phone call or LINE APP.
Located in Taiwan since 1968, JYU FONG MACHINERY CO., LTD. has been a stainless steel food machines manufacturer. Our main food machines, including Electric Ice Shavers, Meat Grinders, Fruit Juicer Machines, Ginger Crushing Machines and Vegetable Cutting Machines, which have won the IPO design patent and CE certified.
Our staffs have rich experience. 70% of them have more than 18 years of experience and perfect cooperation among members. Besides the regular products, we pursue the new elements of machine to fit the market needs. We are specialized in ice shaver, meat grinder, kumquat & lemon crusher, vegetable dicer and stripper, bean grinder and rice grinder. All Jyu Fong food machines are 100% made in Taiwan, we take excellent technology at Electric and manual ice shaver, Electric meat grinder, Wheatgrass Masticating Juicer and so on. We do quality control at every step, so we bring you the best quality.
Fujimarca has been offering customers high-quality industrial food machines, both with advanced technology and 50 years of experience, Fujimarca ensures each customer's demands are met.


The Aygo is sold to the European market and is built in the same factory as the Citroen C1 and Peugeot 107/108. The Aygo is now in it's second generation and was updated with a facelift in 2018. Available in 3-door or 5-door hatchback body styles, with one engine option of a 1.0L Petrol engine producing 72bhp. The Aygo is popular among younger drivers as there are many style and design options available that allow the customer a high level of customisability.
Designed to deliver motorists with a high end performance.
£67.14 to £101.15Find Out More
The Kumho Ecowing ES31 is a car tyre designed to deliver an eco-friendly performance.
£52.16 to £115.36Find Out More
The Nankang Econex Eco-2+ Green Sport has been designed for excellent overall performance.
£56.77 to £180.73Find Out More
Designed for drivers who cover higher mileage but also provides lower CO2 emissions and improved fuel consumption.
£72.92 to £168.60Find Out More


The Automotech AS-24MSA Motorcycle Tyre Machine is designed specifically for motorcycle wheels. It is capable of handling 6”- 27” rims. The machine also comes complete with large and small mount / demount heads to accommodate the varying size range found with motorcycle rims. The AS-24MSA is ideal for any professional operation.
Swing arm / semi-automatic style
6”- 27” Rim clamping
Two mount / demount heads included
Tyre inflator included
Plastic wheel protector kit included
240V Single Phase


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SNR R166.14 Kit R166 Bearing
R166-2RS (3/16" x 3/8" x 1/8") Rubber Sealed Ball Bearing Bearings R166 Specification detailsDimension L Exp683 mmdk3209 A-2ZProduct Group - BDI-.They are all available with a variety of options and clearances. Front wheel bearing 42x82x36 same as SNR R166.13 was been used on markets bearings, transmissions, gearboxes, belts, chain and related products, and offers a spectrum of powertrain rebuild and repair services. The Leader Singapore leading authority on tapered roller bearings.
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Electric motors are considered to be a very technical piece of equipment and if your machines or tools contain an electric motor, then you better know what causes its failure and take measures to prevent the same. And the best way to get through with a problem is knowing what can cause it to happen and taking care of it.
The electric motors come with a life span. Moreover, their proper care is vital in order for them to last long. If you do not take appropriate maintenance measures for your electric motor, then it is less likely to go a long way. Well, there can be numerous causes of electric motor failure.
One of the known reason is contamination, people usually do not take proper care of their electric motors as a result a lot of dust, dirt and harmful chemicals get accumulated on it which ultimately affects the motor and causes failure. Another known reason is over-heating; in fact over-heating is the most prominent reason. It is even said that 55% of electric motor failures are caused due to over-heating. Other causes are low resistance, overloading, winding failures, electrical or mechanical issues, etc.
Let’s talk about some of these causes in detail:
- Undoubtedly low resistance causes failure of electric motor. Now the question is what causes low resistance? Well, the cause behind low resistance is the degradation of the insulation of the windings, which is further driven by corrosion, any sort of physical damage or overheating.
- This ultimately leads to lacking isolation between the motor windings which eventually causes short circuits and leakages and at the end motor failure.
- Now in order to avoid the issue of low resistance, the only possible solution is to conduct a regular inspection of the insulation and keep a check on the signs of wear and tear. And if it demands necessary replacement, then it should be done without causing any delays before it leads to total failure.
- Over current or overload is caused due to extreme flow of current within the motor windings exceeding the amount of current which the electric motor is actually designed to carry. The cause behind this could be a low supply of voltage, thereby leading to motor taking in extra current in an attempt to sustain its torque. The same can also be a result of excessive supply of voltage or short circuits.
- The only way to prevent electric overload is to install efficient over-current security that will eventually detect an overcurrent and cease the supply.
Other mechanical issues:
- Other mechanical and electrical issues are the most common causes of electric motor failure. You need to keep a check on your motor and the moment you notice any related signs, immediately resort to its repair else it will soon result in motor failure.
- It is best to opt for a regular maintenance strategy for the well being of your electric motor and stick to that. In addition to that, get regular inspections of your motor done because this way you will get to know about the condition of your electric motor and save it from failure.


- Open Access
- Total Downloads : 666
- Authors : Anand A, Nithyananda B. S, Dr. G. V. Naveen Prakash
- Paper ID : IJERTV2IS70788
- Volume & Issue : Volume 02, Issue 07 (July 2013)
- Published (First Online): 30-07-2013
- ISSN (Online) : 2278-0181
- Publisher Name : IJERT
- License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Experimental Investigation of Diesel Engine Using Different Blends of Mixed Pongamia-Coconut Biodiesel As Alternative Fuel
Anand A, Nithyananda B. S, Dr. G. V. Naveen Prakash
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, VVCE, Mysore-570002
Diesel engines are the most efficient prime movers for transportation, agricultural machinery and industries. The rapid depletion of petroleum reserves and rising oil prices has led to the search for alternative fuels. Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel derived from vegetable oils and animal fats holds good promises as an eco-friendly alternative to diesel fuel. Transesterification process is the most widely used technology for producing biodiesel from vegetable oil. In the present investigation, mixed pongamia-coconut methyl ester is produced through transesterification process by considering pongamia and coconut oil in equal proportions using NaOH catalyst under lab set up. The obtained biodiesel is blended with petroleum diesel for various ratios (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) to evaluate its fuel properties. Experimental investigations were conducted on unmodified single cylinder diesel engine using different blends of mixed biodiesel at variable loads and fixed injection pressure. The result indicates that fuel properties and engine performance are better up to biodiesel blend B20.
Keywords: Transesterification, Pongamia oil, Coconut oil, Engine Performance, sodium hydroxide.
Fuels derived from renewable biological resources for use in diesel engines are known as biodiesel. Biodiesel is environmentally friendly liquid fuel similar to petrol-diesel in combustion properties. Increasing environmental concern, diminishing petroleum reserves and agriculture based economy of our country are the driving forces to promote biodiesel as an alternate fuel. Since India is net importer of vegetable oils, edible oils cannot be used for production of biodiesel. India has the potential to be a leading world producer of biodiesel, as
biodiesel can be harvested and sourced from non- edible oils like Jatropha Curcas, Pongamia Pinnata, Neem (Azadirachta indica), Mahua, castor, linseed, Kusum (Schlechera trijuga), etc .
The first use of vegetable oil in a compression ignition engine was first demonstrated by Rudolph diesel using peanut oil in his diesel engine . Later with the availability of cheap petroleum, crude oil fractions were refined to serve as diesel, a fuel for CI engines. During the period of World War-II, vegetable oils were again used as fuel in emergency situations when fuel availability became scarce. Nowadays, due to limited resources of fossil fuels, rising crude oil prices and the increasing concerns for environment, there has been renewed focus on vegetable oils and animal fats as an alternative to petroleum fuels .The use of oils from coconut, soybean, sunflower, safflower, peanut, linseed, rapeseed and palm oil amongst others have been attempted. The long term use of vegetable oils led to injector coking and the thickening of crankcase oil which resulted in piston ring sticking. Therefore, vegetable oils are not used in SI engines because of endurance issues .
Researchers have proved that when the vegetable oil is converted to esters of alcohols by transesterification, it becomes a potential alternate to diesel and the term biodiesel is used to represent such fuels. Biodiesel can be used in its neat form or as a blend with conventional diesel fuel in diesel engines and the use of biodiesel in diesel engines requires no hardware modification. In addition, biodiesel is a superior fuel than diesel because of lower sulphur content, higher flash point and lower aromatic content .
Considerable efforts have been made to develop vegetable oil derivatives that approximate the properties and performance of hydrocarbons-based diesel fuels. The problem with substituting triglycerides for diesel fuel is mostly associated with high viscosity, low volatility and polyunsaturated characters. These can be changed in at least four ways: pyrolysis, micro emulsion, dilution and transesterification .
The transesterification process is the reaction of a triglyceride (fat or oil) with an alcohol to form esters and glycerol. A triglyceride has a glycerine molecule as its base with three long chain fatty acids attached.
During the transesterification process, the triglyceride is reacted with alcohol in the presence of an acidic or basic catalyst. The alcohol reacts with the fatty acids to form the mono-alkyl ester, or biodiesel and crude glycerol. In general, methanol or ethanol is the alcohol used (methanol produces methyl esters, ethanol produces ethyl esters). The reaction between the fat or oil and the alcohol is a reversible reaction and hence alcohol must be added in excess to drive the reaction towards the right and ensure complete conversion. The products of the reaction are the biodiesel itself and glycerol. The experimental methodology of producing biodiesel is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Biodiesel production process
Experimental set up:
The experiments were conducted on a kirloskar made four stroke single cylinder water cooled direct inject compression ignition engine without any hardware modifications. Mixed pongamiaCoconut biodiesel blends (B10, B20, B30, B40, and B50) and diesel was used to test a conventional engine. The engine was started by manual hand cranking and test is conducted for various loads with constant engine speed of 1500 RPM. Performance parameters like brake power, brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency were evaluated. The engine specifications are given in the Table 1.
Table 1. Engine Specifications
Single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled
Bore & Stroke
3.75 KW at 1500 RPM
Hand start with cranking handle
Results and Discussion
Table 2 shows the fuel properties of Diesel, Mixed biodiesel and its blends. Biodiesel blends of Mixed Pongamia-Coconut methyl esters with diesel on 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% volume basis was prepared and fuel properties are measured following standard procedure. The properties of mixed biodiesel and its blends are compared with ASTM biodiesel standards as shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Fuel properties of Diesel, Mixed biodiesel and its blends
Flash point (oC)
Fire point (oC)
Calorific value (KJ/Kg)
Figure 2. Transesterification
Figure 3. Mixed Pongamia-Coconut biodiesel blends
Specific fuel consumption:
Specific fuel consumption is a measure of the fuel efficiency of an engine. It is the rate of fuel consumption divided by the power produced.
Fig. 4 shows the variation of specific fuel consumption with load for Mixed Pongamia and Coconut biodiesel blends for a conventional engine. From Fig. 4 it is observed that mixed biodiesel blends B10 and B20 have specific fuel consumption close to diesel. It is also observed that the specific fuel consumption of all the biodiesel blends is higher than diesel at all the loads. A higher proportion of mixed oil in the blends increases the viscosity which in turn increased specific fuel consumption due to poor atomization of the fuel.
Figure 4. Variation of Specific Fuel Consumption with Load
Brake thermal efficiency:
Fig.5 shows the variation of Brake Thermal Efficiency with load for Mixed Pongamia and Coconut biodiesel blends for a conventional engine. Brake Thermal Efficiency is defined as brake power of engine as a function of the thermal input from the fuel.
From the Fig. 5 it is also observed that blends B20 and B30 have the efficiency comparatively closer to diesel. The maximum efficiency obtained for mixed biodiesel blend is 21.18% which is almost close to
the efficiency of diesel. Blend B50 shows the minimum efficiency at all the loads. The decrease in brake thermal efficiency for higher blends may be due to the lower heating value and higher viscosity of blends with a higher proportion of biodiesel.
Figure 5. Variation of Brake Thermal Efficiency with Load
A single step process i.e., Transesterification is carried out for the mixed pongamia and coconut oil which contained low percentage of FFA to obtain the biodiesel. It was observed that the obtained biodiesel has very high density and viscosity which made it not possible to use in its pure form but it can be blended with diesel to obtain properties almost similar to that of diesel. The blends were prepared with biodiesel percentages of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 and the following conclusions were drawn from this investigation.
Mixed Pongamia and coconut biodiesel satisfies the important fuel properties as per ASTM specification of biodiesel.
It is observed that for the biodiesel blends of 10% and 20% the density, fire point, flash point and calorific value were very close to that of diesel, which makes them suitable for using them as an alternative for diesel.
The mixed pongamia and coconut shows higher biodiesel yield of 72.5%.
The mixed biodiesel blend B10 shows the higher brake thermal efficiency which is slightly less than that of diesel.
The specific fuel consumption of mixed biodiesel blends B10 and B20 shows value closer to diesel.
Mixed pongamia and coconut biodiesel blends B10 and B20 can be used as alternative fuel in diesel engine
References:[1.] P.Venkateswara Rao and M. Lokanadha Rao, Experimental Study on DI Diesel Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics (Nox) With Come – Diesel Blends, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2011, Vol. 6, No. 3. [2.] Bobade S.N and Khyade V.B, Preparation of Methyl Ester (Biodiesel) from Karanja (Pongamia Pinnata) Oil, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2012, Vol. 2(8), pp. 43-50. [3.] M. C. Navindgi,Maheswar Dutta and B. Sudheer Prem Kumar, Performance Evaluation, Emission Characteristics and Economic Analysis of Four Non-Edible Straight Vegetable Oils on A Single Cylinder CI Engine, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2012, Vol.7, ISSN 1819-6608. [4.] Md A. Hossain, Shabab M. Chowdhury, Yamin Rekhu, Khandakar S. Faraz, Monzur Ul Islam, Biodiesel from Coconut Oil: A Renewable Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engine, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2012, Vol. 68. [5.] Praveen K. S. Yadav, Onkar Singh and R. P. Singh, Performance test of palm fatty acid biodiesel on compression ignition engine, Journal of Petroleum Technology and Alternative Fuels, 2010, Vol. 1(1), pp. 1-9. [6.] S.P. Singh, Dipti Singh, Biodiesel Production Through The use Of Different Sources and Characterization of Oils and Their Esters as the Substitute of Diesel: A Review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010, Vol. 14, pp. 200-216. [7.] Ramu S, Lawrence P, Arunkumar G, Vivek M, Santhanakrishnan S, Karthikeyan S, Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fuelled With Mahua Biodiesel Blend (20MOME), International Journal of Innovations and Development, 2012, Vol. 1,
No.6, pp. 2277-5390.[8.] Lovekush Prasad, Dr. Alka Agrawal, Experimental Investigation of Diesel Engine Working on Diesel and Neem Oil Blends, Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 2012, Vol. 1, pp. 48-51. [9.] Avinash Kumar Agarwal, K.Rajamanoharan,"Experimental investigations of Performance and emissions of Karanja oil and its blends in a single cylinder agricultural Diesel engine", Applied Energy, 2009, Vol. 86, pp. 106-
112.[10.]Yuva Ozawa, Yusuke Soma, Hideo Shoji, Akira Iijima, Koji Yoshida, The Application of Coconut Oil Methyl Ester for Diesel Engine, International Journal of Automotive Engineering, 2011, Vol. 2, pp. 95-100.


In the Netherlands alone, over six hundred thousand people suffer from an ankle sprain injury every year. Exo-L aims to solve this issue with a new type of ankle sprain prevention. The design is a patented invention, imitating the human foot anatomy. Exo-L is custom shaped to fit the ankle, reducing discomfort and bulkiness often experienced with conventional braces. The strapping mechanism ensures a perfect fit.
|Participation since||May 2012|
|Linked faculty||Faculty of Industrial Design|
|Company history and milestones|
|January 2015||The EXO-L safety belt is approved by the KNWV|
|June 2015||EXO-L is nominated for the INDEX: award|
|September 2015||EXO-L is finalist in the Shell LiveWire award 2015|
|August 2016||EXO-L safety belts are used in the Olympic Games of Rio de Janeiro|


Knowledge-based software tool for metal forging
Computers in Education Journal
The application of knowledge-based systems has a great potential providing efficient solutions to complex. engineering design problems. A knowledge-based software tool for part and process design of hot forged components has been developed at the Design and Manufacturing Institute (DMI) at Stevens Institute of Technology. This system describes a modular computerized approach to the design and integration of product design and manufacturing and provides powerful reasoning and decision-making tools for reducing the time between product conception and final production. This paper reports the structure of the current system, and the general forged part and process design approach developed by it.
Original Publication Date
Fidan, Ismail, "Knowledge-based software tool for metal forging" (2000). Faculty Publications. 3658.


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Founded in 1932 MTD has continually expanded its presence in the OPE field, and today offers a range of lines and products for residential and commercial use.
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Model (before 1997): 212-375-503
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Semi-Automatic G-HL-L Series Dry Mortar Mixer Production Line 2.Cost-effective: used for dry mortar and decoration mortar production projects, with less investment, high efficiency, and avoid the idle and waste of resources which caused by excessive investment in equipment.
China Js500, Js750 Js1000 Twin Shaft Concrete Mixer – China Concrete
JS Machining Process: Concrete Mixer Condition: New Mixing Power: 18.5kw Reclaiming Capacity: 500L Working Cycle Period: 60s Discharge Height: Shaft seals use multi-sealed structures to effectively prevent the slurry leakage.
China Horizontal Double Shaft Paddle Mixer professional Manufacturer
China Horizontal Paddle Mixer Leading Seller, supply Non-Gravity Dual Shaft Mixer with high quality, low price. Welcome people to do business with us. Horizontal Twin Shaft Paddle Blender: Double shaft mixer is widely applied in chemical, biological, and construction material.
China High Quality Small Bucket Elevator Parts Supplier – China
Our main products: 30tph Automatic dry mortar production line, semi-automatic production line of dry mortar, 1-5 tons of small dry mortar production Dry Mortar Plant 41 Products Content Product Image Product Name FOB Price Port Payment Terms Product Package Product Attribute Product
Dry Mix Mortar Mixing Equipment Supplier and Manufacturers Export
shotcrete is a cost effective bolted type cement silo dry mortar production line oriental machinery cement silo,bolted cement silo which manufactured by concrete mixer, concrete batching plant, brick mixer / cement mixer is twin shaft concrete mixing concrete mixing plant bucket


ABS-Lock Loop Fall Protection Anchor Pitched Roof | screwed
- EN 795:2012, A + CEN/TS 16415:2017
- Virtually invisible when installed
- Designed for load-bearing wooden structures
- The loop is simply screwed onto a wooden rafter (also suitable for over-rafter insulation)
- Minimum rafter dimensions: 60mm x 120mm
Product description ABS-Lock Loop
Virtually invisible: ABS-Lock Loop fall arrest device for pitched roofs
Are you on the lookout for an inconspicuous alternative to a standard roof hook? Our stainless steel ABS-Lock Loop anchor device secures up to 3 individuals whilst they are working on a roof surface. The stainless steel cable (Ø 5mm) is simply screwed onto a load-bearing wooden rafter. Once it has been installed, you can hardly see it.
We recommend using this anchor loop with our specially designed PPE kit for roofers: Our ABS Roofer Kit includes a comfortable safety harness, a lanyard equipped with a rope shortener and integrated shock pack, a tape sling and a practical protective bag.
The anchor loop is installed using 2 stainless steel screws which are automatically supplied with the loop. The loop includes a tab which has been laser-etched to provide information on all the relevant standards and specifications.


OFR (Object Following Robot)
I have been having this idea in my mind for awhile. Now I want to get it out and put it on the drawing board.
OFR is a robot that follows a specific infared siginal around and around where ever it goes!
I'll give updates on my progress
I have made an infared emmiter from some parts and it emmits a 38kHz. This will be what the robot will follow.
I have planned out the circut board that emmits a 38 kHz signal.
Also I have it designed in a PCB form.
The 7805 voltage regulator turn 9V to 5V enough for the chip to handle.
22k and the 10k varrible resistor helps the capacitor charge at different speeds.
The 74AC14 is an inverter chip.
th capacitor charges about 38,000 times per second and transfer it to the infared LED which generates a 38kHz signal
I'm waiting for my PICAXE kit to arrive.
in the meantime i'm having trouble solving how it's head is going to find, lock on, and follow the infared beam.
if anyone has an idea, feal free to tell me :)
Thanks to Chris the Carpenter, I decided to use the Pololu beacon transceiver.
I have recievied my PICAXE and instead of the pololu dual serial motor controller, I used the solarbotics L298 motor driver. I hooked it up to 2 motors and to the PICAXE. The PICAXE gives signals to the L298 motor driver and it drives themotors. Also indicating the direction through fashionable LEDs.=)
This is what I have so far.
I just finished the emmiter circut on a perf board.
Close uo of the components:
The Infared LED Looks great at 56kHz
I finally finished the robot after many program problems.
yes the body is a puzzle calender. I stumbled upon it and thought it was really good!
This is in the engine. The PICAXE is wired to the motor driver really badly. I couldn't find good connectors, usually the soder would break and the wire would come off.
That is the Pololu Infared Beacon sitting at the top of some lego sticks.


|Publication number||US4922698 A|
|Application number||US 07/404,169|
|Publication date||May 8, 1990|
|Filing date||Sep 7, 1989|
|Priority date||Sep 7, 1989|
|Publication number||07404169, 404169, US 4922698 A, US 4922698A, US-A-4922698, US4922698 A, US4922698A|
|Inventors||Lyle M. Taylor|
|Original Assignee||Taylor Lyle M|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (17), Referenced by (21), Classifications (5), Legal Events (2)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present invention relates to a cutter bar with indexable blades for rotary lawn mowers, said blades being replaceable and having a plurality of cutting edges which can be easily indexed into cutting position without detaching the replaceable blade from the cutter bar or upending the mower.
A conventional cutter bar on a rotary lawn mower becomes dulled over a period of time and must be removed for resharpening or for replacement. Such wear varies greatly upon the extent of use and damage by foreign objects such as rocks and the like. The cutter bar is attached to the power shaft with a nut. The power shaft is held by the compression of the engine and tends to rotate with the nut during removal of the cutter bar unless the shaft is held with a pair of vice grips or the like. If the mower is gasoline powered, it is advantageous to drain the gas tank first since the mower is stood on its side while the cutter bar is being removed.
Various types of rotary cutter bars with replaceable blades have been proposed to avoid removing the cutter bar for resharpening or replacement. In the main, however, the replaceable blades have proved difficult to remove requiring upending the mower in the same manner that is required for removing the cutter bar. In addition, they have also presented problems of one kind or another with regard to complex fabrications, strength, cost or the like. Included in the prior art have been cutter bars with blades having a plurality of cutting edges, a sharp one of which can be indexed into cutting position but, unlike the present invention, only after upending the mower and detaching the blade from the cutter bar.
In view of the above, there has remained a need for a cutter bar with indexable blades for rotary lawn mowers wherein the indexable blades are replaceable and easily indexed into cutting position. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide such a cutter bar. Other objects and features of the invention will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.
The objects of invention are satisfied by a cutter bar with indexable blades for a rotary lawn mower wherein the cutter bar has a recess on opposite ends thereof for receiving the indexable blades. Each indexable blade is formed as a plate with a plurality of sides sharpened into cutting edges and a socket with a hole for receiving the head of a bolt. Each recess in the cutter bar also has a socket into which the socket of the indexable blade is fitted and a hole for receiving the shank of the bolt. The indexable blade is held in the recess in the cutter bar with a nut which is threaded on the bolt. The indexable blade can be indexed on the bolt such that a new cutting edge is presented along the leading edge of the cutter bar by loosening the nut enough such that the indexable blade drops out of the recess and can be rotated one flat. When all of the cutting edges have been dulled, the nut can be removed and the indexable blade replaced.
In a preferred form, the plate is quadrilateral in shape and the bolt is a carriage bolt, the neck of which is received in the hole in the socket of the indexable blade and in the hole in the socket of the cutter bar. Means are also provided for retaining the nut on the shank when it is loosened and for locking the nut on the bolt.
The invention accordingly comprises the constructions hereinafter further described and their equivalents, the scope of the invention being indicated in the subjoined claims.
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a lawn mower equipped with a rotary cutter bar with indexable blades in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the cutter bar;
FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the cutter bar;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4--4 in FIG. 3; and,
FIG. 5 is an exploded view showing the manner in which the indexable blades are attached to the cutter bar.
Referring to the drawings more particularly by reference character, reference numeral 10 refers to a rotary lawn mower having a power shaft 12 providing a support for cutter bar 14 with indexable blades 16 in accordance with the present invention. Cutter bar 14 operates in a horizontal plane and has a hole 18 and slots 20 or the like for attachment to power shaft 12 in the usual manner.
As illustrated in FIGS. 2-4, cutter bar 14 includes longitudinal reinforcing ribs 22 and an upwardly bent portion 24 at opposite ends thereof forming an air flange. Air flanges 24 project rearwardly of the trailing edge of cutter bar 14 and provide a lifting action on the grass facilitating cutting and movement of the cut grass towards a mower discharge outlet 26. As shown, they are preferably formed as an extension on the trailing edge of cutter bar 14 for use as described below.
Indexable blades 16 are formed as a plate 28 having a plurality of sides 30 which are beveled to provide a plurality of cutting edges 32. The particular blade shown in FIG. 5 is square but blades with more or less sides can be fabricated. Indexable blades 16 include a socket 34 formed in the top face of plate 28 with a hole 36 formed therein for receipt of a bolt 38 by means of which it is secured with a nut 40 to cutter bar 14. To prevent indexable blades 16 from rotating, it is preferred that hole 36 be square and that bolt 38 be a carriage bolt, the neck of which fits in hole 36. The depth of socket 34 is selected such that the head of bolt 38 is generally flush with the bottom face of plate 28 to minimize interference with the cutting action.
Indexable blades 16 are received in cutter bar 14 at opposite ends thereof in upwardly offset recesses 42 such that the bottom face of plate 28 is generally flush with the bottom face of the balance of cutter bar 14. Recesses 42 have a size and shape to provide a bearing surface for a portion of indexable blades 16, a typical one of which is illustrated in FIG. 5.
As shown in FIG. 5, recesses 42 are quadrilateral because indexable blade 16 has four sides. Each recess 42 has a shoulder 44 along one side and another 46 at the back serving as a stop for indexable blades 16. Shoulder 46 is reinforced by air flange 24 which is positioned just behind recess 42 along the trailing edge of cutter bar 14. Shoulders 44 and 46 are beveled at generally the same slope 48 as cutting edges 32 providing a close fit between mating surfaces to prevent cut grass from catching and impairing the cutting action. Recesses 42 are open at the other side opposite shoulder 44 and notched back at 50 and open opposite shoulder 46.
With continuing reference to FIG. 5, recesses 42 include a socket 52 for receipt of socket 34 associated with plate 28. Socket 52 further includes a hole 54 in registry with hole 36 for receipt of bolt 38 by means of which, as aforementioned, indexable blades 16 are attached with nut 40 to cutter bar 14. For safety reasons, a locking means shown as locking washer 56 is provided under nut 40 and a means for retaining the nut shown as a cotter pin 58 which is inserted through a hole 60 in the shank of bolt 38 after nut 40 has been attached. A small tolerance is preferably left between sockets 52 and 34, the latter one of which serves as an auxiliary locking means working against nut 40 when blades 16 are tightened up on cutter bar 14. As best seen in FIG. 2, the leading edge of cutter bar 14 is preferably curved adjacent recess 42 such that the inboard leading edge of indexable blades 16 is flush with the leading edge of cutter bar 14.
In use, cutter bar 14 with a set of indexable blades 16 already attached is substituted for a conventional cutter bar in rotary lawn mower 10. When cutting edge 32 of indexable blades 16 is dulled, blades 16 are indexed one flat. This is easily accomplished by reaching through discharge outlet 26 with a wrench and loosening nut 40. When bolt 38 is a carriage bolt with its neck in holes 36 and 54, the head of bolt 38 is stopped from rotation with nut 40. When cotter pin 58 is present, nut 40 is loosened until plate 28 drops out of recess 42 and hangs on the head of bolt 38 such that indexable blade 16 can be rotated past shoulders 44 and 46. Once this is done, nut 40 is simply retightened and the indexable blade on the opposite end of cutter bar 14 similarly advanced one flat. When all of cutting edges 32 are dulled, cotter pin 58 is pulled out of hole 60, nut 40 removed and indexable blades 16 replaced with new blades.
During operation of the mower, shoulders 44 and 46 and, when 38 is a carriage bolt, holes 36 and 54 prevent rotation of indexable blades 16. It will also be seen that the shear on bolt 38 is partially shared by sockets 34 and 52 and by shoulder 46.
In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results attained. As various changes could be made in the above invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US1992107 *||Jun 16, 1933||Feb 19, 1935||Courcy Wheeler Horatio Francis||Safety razor|
|US2527472 *||Jan 18, 1945||Oct 24, 1950||Wolf Raymond H||Lawn mower|
|US2576884 *||Nov 7, 1949||Nov 27, 1951||George W Leigh||Cutter bar for lawn mowers|
|US2651159 *||Aug 15, 1950||Sep 8, 1953||Sr Joseph G Rountree||Rotary cutting disk type lawn mower|
|US2722797 *||Nov 6, 1953||Nov 8, 1955||Strattman Edwin August||Safety cutter blade for rotary type lawn mowers|
|US2769784 *||Jul 23, 1954||Nov 6, 1956||Exxon Research Engineering Co||Alkylated phenols and stabilized compositions comprising same|
|US2786322 *||Dec 16, 1955||Mar 26, 1957||Mcevers Wilber C||Power mower blade|
|US3090187 *||Dec 5, 1960||May 21, 1963||Charles M Livingston||Liquid distributing mower blade|
|US3103093 *||Dec 15, 1961||Sep 10, 1963||Jr William H House||Rotary cutting blade|
|US3327460 *||Sep 30, 1964||Jun 27, 1967||Blackstone Arnold S||Blade assembly for a rotary mower|
|US3563015 *||May 21, 1968||Feb 16, 1971||Renfroe Charlie C||Rotary lawnmower cutter bar|
|US3949541 *||Nov 14, 1974||Apr 13, 1976||Henry Keith V||Rotary mower blade with detachable end members|
|US4043104 *||Dec 29, 1976||Aug 23, 1977||Allis-Chalmers Corporation||Mower blade assembly for a lawn mower|
|US4261162 *||Mar 12, 1979||Apr 14, 1981||Juncker Kenneth J||Blade for user supported cutting equipment for yard or other agricultural purposes|
|US4611460 *||Oct 25, 1985||Sep 16, 1986||Parker James D||Lawn mower blade with replaceable cutter|
|US4712364 *||Jun 30, 1986||Dec 15, 1987||Deere & Company||Quick attachable and detachable mower blade assembly|
|US4750320 *||May 7, 1987||Jun 14, 1988||Liebl Thomas J||Rotary cutting blade having replaceable cutting edge|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4977735 *||Dec 6, 1989||Dec 18, 1990||Davis John W||Lawn sculpturing method and apparatus|
|US5259176 *||Feb 24, 1992||Nov 9, 1993||Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha||Cotter device for lawn mower|
|US5303535 *||Apr 19, 1993||Apr 19, 1994||Smith Joseph L||Lawn mower blade and insert construction|
|US5438819 *||Apr 28, 1994||Aug 8, 1995||Dallman; Jimmie J.||Blade assembly for a brush cutting machine|
|US5467586 *||Sep 6, 1994||Nov 21, 1995||Lin; Chun S.||Replaceable cutting blade for a lawn mower blade|
|US6367235 *||May 1, 2000||Apr 9, 2002||Harry L. Moynihan||Blade-mounting system for a rotary mower|
|US6698176 *||Jan 7, 2002||Mar 2, 2004||Phillip Ray Scott||Multiple saw pruning apparatus|
|US6783453||Aug 29, 2002||Aug 31, 2004||Deere & Company||Mounting assembly for straw chopper blades|
|US7127877 *||Jan 27, 2005||Oct 31, 2006||Briggs & Stratton Corporation||Universal mower blade|
|US8695316 *||Feb 17, 2012||Apr 15, 2014||Agco Corporation||Fixed rotary knife with multiple cutting surfaces|
|US20040093842 *||Nov 19, 2002||May 20, 2004||Cooper Clifford L.||Lawn mower blade device|
|US20050210852 *||Mar 25, 2004||Sep 29, 2005||Lancaster Wilburn B||Lawn mower blade with detachable cutting edge|
|US20050229573 *||Jan 27, 2005||Oct 20, 2005||Murray, Inc.||Universal mower blade|
|US20120210692 *||Feb 17, 2012||Aug 23, 2012||Agco Corporation||Fixed Rotary Knife|
|US20120210693 *||Feb 17, 2012||Aug 23, 2012||Agco Corporation||Fixed Rotary Knife with Multiple Cutting Surfaces|
|US20120318114 *||Jun 7, 2012||Dec 20, 2012||Esain Eugui Inaki||Cutting device for sugar cane harvester|
|EP0951815A2||Apr 25, 1995||Oct 27, 1999||Jimmie Jay Dallman||Flail cutter for brush cutting maching|
|EP1029436A2 *||Feb 11, 2000||Aug 23, 2000||Deere & Company||Fixture, mower and vehicle respectively work implement|
|EP1295524A1 *||Sep 4, 2002||Mar 26, 2003||Deere & Company||Fixing arrangement for the flails on a rotor of a straw chopper|
|EP1529433A1 *||Nov 5, 2004||May 11, 2005||Fritz Scheppach||Lawn mower|
|WO2000021356A1 *||Oct 15, 1999||Apr 20, 2000||Baron Jackie Jean||Removable cutting tool for plant cutting appliances|
|U.S. Classification||56/295, 56/17.5|
|May 8, 1994||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Jul 19, 1994||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 19940511


Heat Meters Market Analysis
Heat meters market to amass considerable returns from residential applications by 2024, escalating number of initiatives by regional governments to propel the global product demand
The increasing deployment of heating and cooling systems across various commercial, industrial, and household buildings have been fueling heat meters market. The surging concerns among the policymakers and regional governments about energy efficiency has also been having a positive influence on the product demand pertaining to its capability to measure energy consumption within cooling and heating systems. In the cold climatic regions, governments are encouraging people to deploy district heating systems to maintain warmth in the winters. The growing importance of sustainability and energy efficiency across the globe will thus propel heat meters industry share.
Sweden Heat Meters Market Size, By Application, 2017 & 2024 (USD Million)
On the grounds of garnering heat and electricity savings, most of the countries have been installing heat meters in industrial, commercial, and residential buildings. The large-scale deployment of energy consumption measuring equipment has generated lucrative opportunities for the giants in heat meters market. In addition, many financial organizations also have been supporting regulators to install heat meters by providing favorable funding. For instance, in 2017, the Europe Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) has sanctioned USD 27 million loan to deploy heat meters across the residential sector. Over the last few years, EBRD has been supporting many nations which are looking forward to harnessing sustainability and energy efficiency.
Another region where heat meters market has been gaining traction is Kazakhstan, wherein the fluctuating climatic condition has been impelling the product requirement. Apparently, in the summer season, the heat in Kazakhstan can increase beyond 30 degree Celsius and in the freezing winter, the temperature reaches to -40 degree Celsius. Amidst these extreme climatic conditions, energy efficiency is playing a vital role in the region, leading to the deployment of heating and cooling systems. The deployment of heat meters to save electricity and heat will also help district cooling/heating system firms to control the system losses, optimize the energy supply, and reduce the energy wastage. In 2017, the Kazakhstan government fit heat meters in about 45% of households and was planning to cover more than 80% volume of household buildings within three years.
Get a Sample Copy of this Report:@ https://www.gminsights.com/request-sample/detail/2597
In another instance, the Swiss government and the International Finance Corporation (IFC) have also lent support to Ukraine to create more energy efficient homes. In this regard, Ukraine’s State Agency for Energy Efficiency has designed a program dubbed as Warm Loans to improve the heating system of homes. In most of the apartments across Ukraine, district heating systems have already been deployed, but due to more heat loss, energy bills were perpetually high. Reportedly, households in Ukraine account for more than 50% of its overall natural gas production. The remarkably growing awareness among the Ukrainian people about the rising domestic heating bills is thus estimated to fuel heat meters market size.
The transforming technology trends across the globe have also had a significant influence on heat meters market share over the last few years. The development of smart meters is one of the next-generation product inventions that helps customers track daily energy use very easily. Considering the benefits of modern technologies to improve the energy efficiency, leading giants in the heat meters market have been adopting various new technology advancements such as IoT (Internet of Things) and AI (artificial intelligence). For instance, a team from the Danish smart metering company, Kamstrup, and Finnish electricity firm, Herrfors Nät-Verkko have recently planned to use NB-IoT technology in smart metering. With the help of this technology, the Finnish company can monitor more than 6,000 heat and electricity meters that will result in 10% cost savings.
The development of innovative and cost-effective solutions will favorably promote the heat meters industry trends over the years ahead. The supportive stand taken by the regional governments and energy-related organizations to encourage the installation of heat meters will further enhance the industry growth. In line with the increasing deployment of heating and cooling systems mainly across cold climatic regions, heat meters market will generate a revenue of more than USD 1 billion by the end of 2024.
Author Name :Sunil Hebbalkar


You purchased your J-4800 because its adventure and a fun driving experience agreed with your nature; so why would you be okay with anything but the best when it comes to the highest quality auto parts? Make no mistake, you didn't buy your J-4800 unless you understood you would be getting youthfulness and great value both rolled up into one vehicle. Your Jeep dealership isn't the only place to buy genuine or original equipment quality replacement parts for your J-4800. The vehicle in your driveway symbolizes the best in class compared to all the other vehicles in today's marketplace.
No one could argue that if you can't start your car, then everything else about it is useless. The pin tumbler style ignition lock has been around for decades and decades, and without it your Jeep J-4800 wouldn't be able to turn over today. In most vehicles replacing the ignition lock cylinder is a straight forward process, and typically involves removing just the steering column cover panels to get to it. Obviously a broken Jeep J-4800 ignition lock cylinder renders your car useless, so get it replaced ASAP.
Don't let a broken Ignition Lock Cylinder & Switch bring about the demise of your car, truck, or SUV, and don't gamble with its condition by using anything but the highest quality replacement parts. Given all the trouble that can be involved with installing a part to fix your car or truck, let www.carpartsdiscount.com be the most authoritative website you go to make buying it easy. Get your J-4800 back on the road with the best new or rebuilt parts from the experts at Car Parts Discount. Just choose your year from the list below to find the right Jeep J-4800 Ignition Lock Cylinder & Switch for your 1973 model.


08 September 2017
Geberit House, Edgehill Drive Warwick
Date: Friday 8 September
Venue: Geberit Sales Ltd, Geberit House, Edgehill Drive, Warwick CV34 6NH
From its beginnings as a family-run plumbing business in 1874 to a multinational group, Geberit now has a turnover of £2.2 billion in net sales and 50 locations with sales organisations worldwide.
Our visit to Geberit’s UK Head Office will feature a brief history of the company globally, in the UK and in Warwick.
We will hear from Brent Hudson, Marketing & Products Director and Raffaela De Vittorio, Specification & Retail Sales Director. We will learn about the company and the industry developments and technologies it has helped to shape along the way.
Our visit will conclude with a demonstration of the unique display tower in action and tour of the showroom.
Click here to visit Eventbrite to book your ticket.


Baileigh PL-712VS Bench top lathe
The Baileigh Industrial PL-712VS, variable speed bench top lathe, is the perfect lathe for anyone who is working on small projects, but still wants the accuracy and precision of a larger lathe. The PL-712VS has a 7” swing over bed and 12” between the centers making it one useful tool.
This little mighty mite is loaded with features, 110V, 3 and 4 jaw chuck, steady rest, follow rest, splash guard, digital readout for spindle speed, and much more. Even better, it is priced at a point that anybody with a home garage shop can afford.
|Tool Slide Travel||1.378"|
|Range Of Metric Threads||0.5 - 2.5 mm|
|Range Of Inch Threads||12 - 52 T.P.I.|
|Spindle Speed||100 - 2500 rpm|
|Spindle Taper||MT 3|
|Taper Of Tailstock Quill||MT 2|
|Max. Swing Over Bed||7"|
|Cross Slide Travel||2.559"|
|Power||110V / 60Hz|
|Shipping Weight||93 lbs.|
|Distance Between Centers||3669|


Like the Avigation Type-A 1935 that we covered in 2016, the 2020 variant is in a 41mm stainless steel case. The 2012 model as per the link above was a significantly larger 49mm; a size that historical references aside, clearly put it out of wrist-reach for the vast majority of people. Water resistance for this case is 30m.
The Avigation is a monopusher column wheel chronograph inspired by Longines’ historical relationship with aviation and military watches. During the World War 2 era, the most commonly used watch used by the U.S. military was the Type A-11, but there were some other Type A military watches, such as the A-17 and the A-7 specifications. The A-7 was produced during the late 1920s to 1930s and called the ‘Avigation’. It was a chronograph with a Gallet chrono movement and looked like an angled pocket watch strapped to the wrist, hence the look of the modern versions.
For those unfamiliar with this style of watch, it was originally rotated so that pilots who wore it on the inside of their wrist could see the time more easily at a glance. They were also especially large watches for this reason (and also so they could be worn outside of a jacket). The traditional oversized crowns, and their designs, were also to enable ease of grip when wearing gloves.
Whereas the 2016 Avigation Type A 1935 had a white lacquer dial, this new variant’s dial is black, with painted Arabic numerals in a pale beige reminiscent of ageing and patination. The silvered polished hands have Super-LumiNova, as do the numerals.
The two-register chronograph layout (30 minute counter and small seconds) with its central 60 seconds hand for the monopusher chronograph function is like the 2016 model, and the familiar Longines modern concession in the form of a date window is still present, inside the small seconds.
The back will look familiar as well, as it features the same engraved decoration as the white dial model. Behind it is also the same automatic Calibre L788.2 with a column wheel chronograph beating at 28,800 VPH and with a power reserve of 54 hours.
Coming on a brown alligator strap, the Australian RRP for the Avigation Type A-7 1935 is $5,050.
[Photo credit: Longines]


nScrypt, headquartered in Orlando, Florida, wants to see 3D printing operations running at their full potential. In high-performance industrial atmospheres, that means heavy monitoring to ensure any errors or ongoing system problems are dealt with quickly. To promote precise additive manufacturing processes—mainly with their 3Dn systems—nScrypt has created a new inspection system that occurs while the print is in progress.
This in situ process includes the following features:
- High resolution laser profile scanning to inspect up to 640,000 data points per second.
- Sorting for each set of data points collected for each layer during the 3D printing process.
- Automatic geometric data transmission which informs users of print volume, any missing volume (and its location), and data regarding each layer.
- Scanning resolution of 10µm in the XY axis and 5µm in the Z axis.
“The generated data is in perfect alignment with the part by synchronizing nScrypt’s high-precision linear motion gantry system with the laser readings,” reports the company in their recent press release sent to 3DPrint.com. “This in-situ process only adds 3% – 12% to the total print time, depending on the part’s geometry.”
Industrial users should find performance and efficiency transformed with inspection reports available for every part fabricated.
“The inspection system was developed with our machine’s position feedback and real time kernel to accurately align the data. Once the aligned data is received, we can process it to warn the user of any defects that occurred before moving on to the next part of the print,” says nScrypt Software Engineer, Connor Roggero.
Many businesses should find savings on the bottom line as defects are found before the entire product is manufactured, meaning that wear and tear on machines is reduced and even more importantly—so much material is saved with the elimination of defective prints that go through the entire process only for the user to find problems, and parts that cannot be used. The nScrypt team realizes this will give 3D printing users more confidence in their work.
This monitoring system also eliminates the need for other types of evaluation such as X-rays or ultrasonic testing.
“Inspection reports are commonplace in industries that require meeting strict quality standards, such as aerospace and automotive,” said Paul I. Deffenbaugh, nScrypt R&D Manager. “Traceability is frequently necessary and ensures that root causes of failures can be determined. This in-process inspection system fulfills all of these goals and produces results more detailed than any other system available.”
The program is still being refined further to offer actual in situ repairs, taking even more responsibility off the user. As the inspection process evolves further, the repair should be noted, fixed, and then printing would resume.
3D printing users are a very ambitious lot by nature—discontented with being given limits at any turn regarding materials, software, and hardware—and they are also continually building new layers of improvement into the technological process creating different methods for quality assurance for medical models, in situ inspections, and researching causes of 3D printing flaws. What do you think of this news? Let us know your thoughts! Join the discussion of this and other 3D printing topics at 3DPrintBoard.com.
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