Learning Linux: How To Find What Version Of Linux You're Running - Command uname and lsb_release
Using SSH, we can find the Linux version using two simple commands.
Want the cheatsheet version? Cheatsheet Linux Commands: uname
If you're like me, you often have to SSH into lots of servers to help manage your clients and customers with their sites. Sometimes, it's important to know what version of Linux they are using so you can quickly figure out how to best access their system, perform updates/upgrades, download software/packages etc.
Using the SSH terminal, try the following uname -a command:
Linux myhost.com 3.2.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.2.41-2+deb7u2 x86_64 GNU/Linux
This command tells you all the information about the server you're running. Using the -a option, it will output all available information in the following order: kernel-name nodename kernel-release kernel-version machine processor hardware platform operating system There are other commands also that can help you obtain specific information:
|uname --help||Returns the help manual for the uname command, including all available options.|
|uname -a||Prints all information for the server/system you're on.|
|uname -s||Prints the kernel name|
|uname -n||Prints the node name|
|uname -r||Prints the kernel release data|
|uname -v||Prints the kernel version data|
|uname -m||Prints the machine data|
|uname -p||Prints the processor information|
|uname -i||Prints the platform hardware information|
|uname -o||Prints the operating system information|
Sometimes using uname -a isn't enough. You might need to know the exact linux distro. You can do that by using the lsb_release command:
No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Debian Description: Debian GNU/Linux 7.6 (wheezy) Release: 7.6 Codename: wheezy
Now you can see what version of the linux distro you're using and see if there are any upgrades/updates available for it.


1. Parkinson 4115, located in Queensland, has a rich early history that dates back to the mid-19th century. Originally inhabited by the Jagera and Turrbal Aboriginal peoples, the area was later settled by European immigrants who were attracted to the region’s fertile land and abundant natural resources.
2. The first European settlers arrived in Parkinson in the 1850s, establishing farms and cultivating crops such as sugarcane and cotton. These early settlers played a significant role in shaping the landscape and economy of the area, turning it into a thriving agricultural hub.
3. Over time, Parkinson evolved from a small farming community into a suburban residential area. With the expansion of nearby cities and the development of infrastructure, the population began to grow, and the area saw the construction of schools, parks, and other amenities. Today, Parkinson 4115 is a vibrant and diverse community that continues to cherish its early history while embracing modern progress.


Many scientific and engineering phenomena are characterized by nonlinear behavior. We believe, determining the
solutions of those nonlinear equations is a fundamental problem in scientific and engineering analysis.
methods are all iterative in nature, and may be used for equations that contain one or several variables.
The simplest case is to find the single root of a single nonlinear function. The following equation represents
the general form of such a function:
In general, a nonlinear equation may have any number of solutions or no solutions at all. All approaches
to solving nonlinear equations are iterative procedures that require a start point, i.e. an initial solution.
At Keystone Mining Post we will show that the initial solution can be very critical; a bad initial value may fail to converge or it may converge to a


Sunday, July 22, 2012
Cleveland Public Library Genealogy Sources- Cont.
Found a couple of more excellent resources that are available at the Cleveland Public Library Genealogy and Local History department. Grave Registration Cards A-Z Soldiers Buried in Ohio from the Revolution War to World War 2 1810-1957 The records are located on microfilm. The information included in these records are the solider's name, residence, death date, cause of death, date of burial, date of birth, place of birth, name of cemetery, location of cemetery, lot number, type of grave marker, name of relative, address of relative and military service record. Majority only list solider's name, birth date, death date and cemetery information. The Civil War soldiers will also include their military service record. Soldiers files from WW2 and the Korean War The records are located on microfilm. Newspaper columns appeared during this time profiling soldiers that had served. Arranged alphabetical by last name. Often includes a small photo. So if you have military soldiers that lived in Northeast Ohio check out this valuable resource.


April 15 1989, Baroness Thatcher, Battle of the Beanfield, BBC, Conservative, crush, crushed, crushing, disaster, FA Cup, fans, football, government, Hillsborough, Home Secretary, Jack Straw, Janet Street-Porter, Justice, Liverpool, Liverpool FC, Loose Women, Margaret Thatcher, Mike Sivier, mikesivier, miners' strike, Nottingham Forest, Parliament, partisan, patrol, pay, pension, Pensions, people, police, politics, semi-final, South Yorkshire, Sport, Stonehenge, The Levellers, Tories, Tory, Vox Political
It seems amazing that Jack Straw, a former Home Secretary, can be described as “very silly” for saying what we have all known for nearly 30 years.
Responding to the announcement of the Hillsborough cover-up by South Yorkshire Police, he said Margaret – now Baroness – Thatcher, the Prime Minister at the time, had created a “culture of impunity” in the police that made such corruption possible.
Anyone who lived through the 1980s should be well aware of this. Mrs Thatcher used the police as a political weapon throughout her period in office.
Look at the way she used police – and in fact transported officers from forces across the country – to intimidate miners during the strike of 1984-5; look at the way she used them to stop people celebrating the summer solstice at Stonehenge.
According to the BBC website, Mr Straw told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme: “The Thatcher government, because they needed the police to be a partisan force, particularly for the miners strike and other industrial troubles, created a culture of impunity in the police service.
“They really were immune from outside influences and they thought they could rule the roost – and that is what we absolutely saw in south Yorkshire.”
In a time when most workers’ pay was being severely restricted by her government, Mrs Thatcher boosted police pay – by up to 45 per cent in some cases. I seem to recall she built up their pensions as well, and her government broke the link between a local beat policeman and his community, so that police were put on patrol in places away from their own homes.
These moves created forces that were loyal to the Conservative government, and who believed they could act without fear of reprisals; they had the government backing them up.
Many of those who took part in the Hillsborough cover-up – and other abuses of power across the country – will never be brought to justice. I mention this because I was in a hospital outpatients’ waiting room today, watching Loose Women (of all things). Before I was distracted by a young girl wearing a wrist brace, who wanted to tell me about her dead gerbil, I heard Janet Street-Porter announce to the viewing world that the police who were involved in the cover-up should be suspended.
It was 23 years ago; many of them will have retired by now, and former police officers are never questioned on their activities when they were on duty.
How do I know this?
Let’s just say I know a few ladies who were subjected to serious physical, mental and sexual abuse (over a 28-year period, in one case), at the hands of one man. These ladies appealed to the police for help on several occasions, documented by doctors – but not by the officers who dealt with them. Instead, they were told to go home. The ladies concerned escaped after years of abuse, but when they tried to seek justice against those in the police force who collaborated with their abuser, they were told there was no record of their allegations and the police officers concerned had retired. The police service refused to track down these former officers and so the crimes have gone unpunished.
This is what I think will happen with the police who were at Hillsborough.
A “culture of impunity”? Yes, I think so.


Ms. Charlina Vitcheva, the deputy director of the Joint Research Centre, just launched the ATLAS of the human planet 2019 at the World Urban Forum (WUF10) in the United Arab Emirates.
The WUF10 is hosted by UN-Habitat and the Government of the UAE, and this is one of the largest gatherings in the world to tackle urban sustainability and many other topics impacting cities and urban areas. This year’s theme of the WUF is particularly special since it focuses on how to drive sustainable urbanization through culture and innovation.
The Atlas of the Human Planet 2019 provides key figures about urbanisation in 239 countries across the globe. This data and fact book is based on a harmonised definition to identify settlement classes across the globe. It is implemented with the GHSL Settlement Model that applies the European Degree of Urbanisation method to the globe.
More information https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/news/how-our-planet-became-more-urbanised-ever


MIT’s Climate CoLab is a collaborative online community centered around a series of annual contests that seek out promising ideas for fighting climate change. Right now, 15 contests are active on the site, with more to come, Malone said.
Tapping the general population to generate ideas, gather information, and solve sticky problems is not a new concept. The fundamental principle behind Wikipedia, it has also inspired any number of open source software projects. The idea is simple: More people working on a challenge translates into more ideas, better ideas, and more diverse ideas, said Christian Terwiesch, professor of operations and information management at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.
“The way to get good ideas is to basically get thousands of ideas and kind of filter them down,” he said.
Adding a contest element, Terwiesch said, gives the crowd-sourcing process a level of legitimacy and helps motivate potential contributors. Perhaps the best-known contest is the X Prize, which gives awards for solving big problems such as space travel and artificial intelligence.
Businesses such as InnoCentive and TopCoder offer platforms that allow enterprises to run their own innovation contests. The US government has even gotten into the game. Challenge.gov lists contests sponsored by federal agencies, including calls to improve communications about geothermal energy and land-mine reporting.
What differentiates the Climate CoLab, Malone said, is that it is not limited to a single, narrowly-defined competition. Rather, it offers a portfolio of contests, each tackling one aspect of the multifaceted problem of climate change. These diverse categories include efforts focused on creating public demand for green buildings, cutting down on transportation emissions, reducing consumption of goods and services, and shifting cultural attitudes and norms.


Superstitions and unusual practices have helped pave the road to modern nail care.
Even in this age of science and technology many of us continue to harbor at least a few superstitions and avoid crossing the path of a black cat or walking under a ladder. Though many people may find superstitions beliefs and practices somewhat amusing, for millennia superstitions have served as an attempt to explain the unexplainable.
The art of grooming the human body has been developing for at least 8,000 years, and superstitions thought often has shaped its development states Doreen Yarwood in The Encyclopedia of World Costume. The practice of perfuming and powdering the body as well as painting and dyeing both the hair and the nails grew out of social, religious, and military rituals, and is at least as old as written history Archaeological digs have unearthed face powder, eye makeup, and finger nail polish dating to around 6000 B.C. Archaeological conducting excavations at royal tombs in Ur in southern Babylon discovered a multi-piece manicure set that contained clippers, and scissors made of solid gold. The research of M. Angelou, author of A History of Makeup, and E.A. Wallis Budge, who wrote A Short History of the Egyptian People, indicates that the practice of staining or painting the nails, and sometimes even the entire finger, a fashionable reddish-brown was common during this same period.
The Chinese should be given the credit for originating “finger dipping,” which was done to signify rank within their rigid social order. In ancient China, as well as in Egypt, the leaves of the henna plant provided an ample supply of reddish-brown dye which could easily be applied by soaking the nails and fingers in a wooden bow filled with this natural colorant. In China, trimming the nails was, and still is, avoided, since even among the lower classes long nails denote wisdom.
The Chinese, by the third millennium B.C., had combined gum Arabic, egg white, gelatin, and beeswax to formulate a substance that was used as fingernail enamel. This pale substance was used by rulers who took great pride in the appearance of their nails. Later, during the Chou dynasty (1126-256 B.C.), good and silver became the preferred nail colors for anyone of nobility. According to a 15th-century Ming dynasty (1368-1644 A.D.) manuscript, the colors of choice for royal finger nails had changed to red and black.
NAIL CARE IN ANCIENT EGYPT
Beauty and manicure shops flourished in ancient Egypt around 4000 B.C. Among the Egyptians, as well, nail coloration came to represent one’s place on the social ladder, with shades of red used by those at the uppermost rung. Queen Nefertiti (c. 1375-1350 B.C.), wife of Ikhnaton, painted her fingernails and toenails a deep ruby red, while Cleopatra (69-30 B.C.) favored a rust color. Women of the lower order were allowed to wear pale hues, but only those who dared to risk death wore nails the same color as the queen’s or the king’s (Egyptian men also painted their nail)
Egyptian men were no less vain in death than they were in life, for they stocked their tombs with an ample supply of nail paints and polishes for the afterlife. In the tomb of King Tutankhamen (c. 1380-1350 B.C.), several small containers of cosmetics, including nail polish, were buried, each of which was still usable in the 1920s when the tomb was unearthed.
NAIL CARE IN ANCIENT GREECE
In ancient Greece, people preferred natural, unpainted finger nails and associated the half-moons on the nail plate with earth’s moon. According to legend, the rays of the moon helped dislodge the soul form the flesh of the dead. Thus freed from its earthly prison, the soul could reach the heavens. Moon shapes in the nail were used to predict a person’s future and the fate of the soul. The practice of fingernail coloring did not develop in Greece until the fifth century B.C., at which time mistresses of the wealthy made it a daily habit to color both their nails and hair a light , almost blond shade, believing that lighter tones represented innocence, superior social status, and sexual desirability. They achieved this shade with a dye made from yellow flower petals, pollen, and potassium salt.
Along with the development of nail care came an ancient Greek ritual, known as “onychomancy,” says author William Reginald Halliday in Greek and Roman Folklore. This tradition of finger divination was performed on the nails of an “unpolluted or morally pure” young boy. The boy’s fingernails were covered with a thick mixture of soot and oil, then held perfectly still beneath the blazing midday sun, allowing images to be reflected. These “portraits” provided messages or clues that helped answer questions that had been asked beforehand. The entire direction of a culture’s daily routine -- including when to attack an enemy, to harvest crops, or even to conceive children -- might depend upon a single onychomantic reading. States Halliday
NAIL CARE FOR BATTLE
Painted nails were common among high-ranking male warriors about to go into battle. Egyptian, Babylonian, and Roman military leaders spent several hours prior to each military confrontation having their hair lacquered and curled and their nails painted to match their lips. The battle records of Thutmosis III of Egypt (c. 1504-1450 B.C.), carved on the Temple of Amon at Karnak, claim he conquered 500 countries during his reign; prior to each battle, a dozen or more servants were needed for his cosmetic transformation.
OBJECTIONS TO COSMETIC USE
Throughout recorded history there have been numerous instances in which men have tried to prohibit the use of nail polish and other cosmetics. Xenophon, a fourth-century B.C. Greek historian, argued in the pages of Good Husbandry that his new bride intentionally deceived him by coloring her hair, face, and fingernails: “When I found her painted, I pointed out that she was being as dishonest . . . as I should be were I to deceive her about my property.
And as Recently as 1770, legislation was introduced in the British Parliament demanding “that women of whatever age, rank, or profession, whether virgins, maids, or widows, who shall seduce or betray into matrimony, by scents, nail paints, cosmetic washes, artificial teeth, false hair, shall incur the penalty of the law as against witchcraft, and that the marriage shall stand null and void scoffed at and the British law was defeated.
SUPERSTITIONS IN EUROPE
In medieval Europe, when there was widespread belief in witchcraft, a method of fortune-telling by studying the white spots on a person’s fingernails became popular. If a white spot appeared prominently on the thumb, a gift was in the offing; on the index finger, a friend would arrive; on the long or middle finger, an enemy was lurking; on the fourth finger, a letter or sweetheart would grab your attention; and on the little finger, a journey was in order.
During the 1800s, there was worldwide superstition surrounding the disposal of nail cuttings. It was believed that they should be either buried or burned; otherwise an evil sorcerer might use them in some bewitching concoction. Those who practiced good magic, on the other hand, recommended that fingernail clippings be “thrown at the entrance of anthills, and the first ant caught bearing a piece would bring the best of health and luck to the person who caught it.”
EARLY SUPERSTITIONS IN AMERICA
Early immigrants to America brought with them superstitions beliefs and practices. The pilgrims, for example, believed that throwing fingernail cuttings into the ocean during a calm would cause a violent storm to erupt.
Eighteenth-century fortune-tellers developed a formula for precisely when one should trim one’s nails: “Cut them on Monday, you cut them for news; cut them on Tuesday, a new pair of shoes; cut them on Wednesday, you cut them for health; cut them on Thursday you cut them for wealth; cut them on Friday, a sweetheart you’ll know; cut them on Saturday, a-journey you’ll go; cut them on Sunday, you cut them for evil; for all the next week, you’ll be ruled by the devil.”
Pioneers found answers to puzzling character questions in nail markings as well as nail habits. William J. Fielding, author of Strange Customs of courtship and Marriage, William Graham, who wrote Folkways, and Daniel Lindsey Thomas, author of Kentucky Superstitions, told in their books of such beliefs as these: Biting the nails would stunt the person’s growth: pronounced half-moons indicated good blood; short, ridged nails foretold an early death stubby fingernails belonged to a blatant liar; and long, tapering nails were thought to be those of an artistic person who would live long.
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, superstitions connecting nails to love and marriage abounded: A young woman was advised by her mother never to trim her fingernails on Sunday lest she grow up to be an old maid. It was also said that the best way to make a man fall in love with you was to offer him a drink in which you had earlier soaked your fingernail parings. When a young girl became a mother, she was instructed to refrain from cutting her infant’s nails during the first year of the infant’s life. If she cut them, it was believed the child would grow up to be a thief.
Manicurists of the early 20th century thought they could read a person’s character from his or her fingernails. A woman with triangular-shaped nails couldn’t keep a secret; a man with long, slim fingernails could not be expected to be a good provider, since his lazy nature would prevail; and a person with round or ridged nails was honest and sincere, but had a short temper.
Undoubtedly, manicuring has played a powerful role in people’s lives throughout history. Well-cared-for nails, both on the hands and feet, represented an effort to exhibit culture and breeding. In this regard, ancient peoples were not so different from us. Americans spend more than $4 billion annually on professional nail services, and some of us are still a little superstitious at times.


What are our current knowledge levels about relaxation techniques
The relaxation techniques have received a lot research. However, many studies are small and not representative of all health conditions Autogenes Training zum einschlafen.
What do we know about the effectiveness of these products?
These techniques can help you manage anxiety, medical conditions, insomnia, pain from labor, chemotherapy-induced nausea and temporomandibular disorder. Psychological therapies can include relaxation techniques and may help to manage chronic headaches or other types of chronic painful conditions in children, teens, and adults. The effectiveness of these techniques has been investigated for other conditions. However the research results have not been consistent or inconsistent.
What do they know about their safety and security?
Although the techniques are generally safe for people who are healthy, there have been some instances of anxiety-provoking experiences. Patients with severe mental or physical conditions should talk to their doctors about these techniques.
What are relaxation techniques?
These techniques include guided imagery or guided relaxation, self-hypnosis or biofeedback, deep breath exercises, self hypnosis, guided imagery, guided visualization, guided imagery, guided imaging, and biofeedback. The aim is the same: to trigger the body’s natural relaxation response. This results in slower breathing, lower pressure, and increased well being.
Meditation and practices that integrate movement and meditation (e.g yoga and tai Chi) can all help to promote relaxation. These practices are also available on the NCCIH web site.
Most stress management programs contain relaxation techniques. These relaxation techniques are also studied in order to determine their potential value in managing various types of health problems.
The Importance Practice
These techniques include these:
Biofeedback Assisted Relaxation
Deep Breathing / Breathing Exercises
What science has to say about the efficacy of relaxation techniques?
These techniques were examined by researchers to find out if they could help manage a variety health conditions.
High blood pressure
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Pain in Adolescents & Children
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Tinnitus – Ringing in the Ears
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction
What the science has to say regarding the safety of relaxation techniques and the side effects
These techniques can be used safely by healthy people. However, there are occasions when people report experiencing negative emotions such as increased anxiety, intrusive thinking, or fear losing control.
Rarely have there been reports of relaxation techniques causing or aggravating epilepsy symptoms or other psychiatric conditions. If you have heart disease, it is important to consult your health care provider before performing progressive muscle relaxation.


Excessive alcohol consumption or binge drinking — as it is referred to — negatively impacts bone density, especially among teenage girls.
Binge drinking is associated with lower bone health in adolescent girls and young adult women, according to a study published in the medical journal Journal of Alcohol and Alcohol Studies.
As part of this study, 87 students were recruited and asked to complete lifestyle questionnaires that included information on exercise, nutrition, smoking habits, and alcohol use. Then, the participants underwent measurements of bone density in the lower back, on the lumbar spine.
The analysis revealed that women with a history of heavy drinking since high school had lower bone mass. The study defined excessive drinking as four or more drinks in two hours frequently and twice a month on average.
Some of the short-term risks of excessive drinking may include alcohol intoxication, car accidents, poor school performance and sexual assault, but also bone problems.
“This study identifies a potential consequence of excessive drinking among young women,” said lead researcher Joseph LaBrie, a professor of psychology at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles.
The results suggest that girls who regularly drink alcohol can not reach their peak bone mass. Since bone mass increases during adolescence and begins to decrease between the ages of 20 and 40. Women also experience a faster decline after menopause.
Having low bone mass can increase the risk of developing osteoporosis, as well as the likelihood of suffering from fractures.
To maintain healthy bones, experts recommend adequate physical activity such as walking, running, and muscle building. The diet should include the recommended amounts of calcium and vitamin D found in almonds, broccoli, kale, dairy and soy, eggs, oily fish and sun exposure .


The Lessons from the Bay process model focuses on the Chesapeake Bay watershed as a framework for student learning in a variety of areas, including:
- general knowledge
- knowledge within disciplines
- thinking and problem solving
- basic life skills, such as cooperation and interpersonal communication
- appreciation for the Chesapeake Bay watershed.
The model uses the natural and the socio-cultural environments as the contexts for learning, while taking into account the effective practices of successful educators. It combines these approaches in a way that
- constructs connections between disciplines, a task at which elementary and middle school teachers are especially adept
- provides hands-on learning experiences, often through problem-based learning
- relies on team-teaching, which gives students the benefit of two or more sets of expertise
- adapts to individual students, taking into account their unique skills and abilities
- develops knowledge, understanding, and appreciation for the environment, which includes both the community and the natural surroundings
- provides students with a meaningful watershed field experience on or near school grounds.
Although the model focuses on learning about the environment, it is not limited to the discipline of science. Teachers may use the model for any curriculum area. The model simply uses a school's surroundings and community as a framework within which students can construct their own learning, guided by teachers and administrators, using proven educational practices.
Patterned after Sunal and Sunal's learning cycle (see Resources), the model begins with exploration, so that instruction can be developed around a context or issue of interest to the students; it then moves to invention, enabling students to gain new knowledge; and it provides students with an expansion for applying the concepts that they learn. To profit from their learning, students need to keep track of the project from beginning to end. They must record what they do and learn along theway. Their documentation should include
- research gathered and sources of information consulted
- investigations and observations (including data)
- learning and personal accomplishments
- actions taken.
To facilitate student learning, the model provides teachers with a process for planning and organizing their units, to include
- examination of local context
- class exploration
- generation and analysis of possible solutions
- solution and action.
As they follow this process, teachers will reinforce the principles of scientific investigation, reasoning, and logic, as outlined in the Virginia Standards of Learning for Science. In addition, they will help students apply the methodology of scientific inquiry to a variety of disciplines as the class discovers the mysteries and importance of the Chesapeake Bay watershed.
Teacher Planning Activities
Environmental Attitudes, Knowledge, Skills, and Behaviors:
Think about the specific environmental attitudes, knowledge, skills, and behaviors that you would like students to develop during the unit.
As visual tools for constructing knowledge, graphic organizers may be helpful in the design of your unit and in your work with the students. See Environmental Attitudes, Knowledge, Skills, and Behaviors handout PDF • Word.
Brainstorm ways to make your unit compelling to the students. What is the exciting narrative behind the work you and your students will be doing?
A story must have a beginning, middle, and end. How will you introduce the narrative?
- You could show a large, color still photo or video of a local community or natural setting and have students consider the plants and animals depicted. They could describe a typical day in the life of an animal or plant, or contrast a sunny and a rainy day, or a summer and a winter day in the animal's life.
- You could play an audio tape with several different bird calls, have the students distinguish among the calls, and then ask them to describe or draw the setting as they imagine it to be.
What are other possibilities? The story line will provide a way to hook your students into the unit.


Bruxism is reported in about 20% of children up to the age of 11 years, although this is probably an underestimate as the condition is sometimes unnoticed by parents. As with adults, there are many causes of bruxism but in children symptoms are similar to other conditions and may be overlooked or misdiagnosed.
Teeth grinding causes nocturnal arousals and is classified as a sleep disorder, however it is also a response to nocturnal arousals that are associated with other sleep disorders. It is a very common complaint of children with mouth breathing, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), dental occlusion and psycholgical problems. It is also linked to craniomandibular disorders including headaches and temporomandibular joint discomfort.
The consequences of teeth grinding in children are often manifested in behavioural problems due to the constant nocturnal arousals. Research has found that children with bruxism have a tendency towards anxiety, stress and hyperactivity. It is also strongly associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). An interesting study found that behavioural problems and bruxism in children were linked to maternal depression. The increased arousals and behavioural problems in children were significantly correlated with parents who reported psychological or physical complaints.
Episodes of bruxism last around 4 seconds and occur approximately 6 times per hour. They tend to occur in clusters throughout the night with the majority in Stage 2 and REM sleep. One study found that 60% of bruxism episodes were accompanied by arousal. Forty percent of the children in this study had reported clinically significant attention or behaviour problems.
It is often difficult to determine whether bruxism is the cause of increased arousals and attention and behaviour problems, or if children with attention and behavioural difficulties exhibit altered sleep together with bruxism. However, it is known that sleep fragmentation secondary to sleep disordered breathing in children can lead to behaviour, attention and executive function problems.
There is a correlation between bruxism and upper airway obstruction. Tonsillar hyperplasia (enlarged tonsils) is one of the most common causes of sleep disordered breathing. The enlarged tonsils and/or adenoids obstruct the airway and can lead to OSA. Mouth breathing is a common feature in these children. It is thought that arousals during sleep lead to an increase in jaw, teeth and masticatory (chewing) activity. Children with airway obstruction tend to pull the jaw forward to mechanically keep the airway open. This action may stimulate receptors in the upper airway to increase airway muscle tone, leading to bruxism. Snoring and mouth breathing are very common symptoms in children and are often considered to be of minor importance by parents. Because of this, a diagnosis of OSA can be delayed by several years.
A study comparing the incidence of bruxism before and after adenotonsillectomy in children with upper airway obstruction, found that all children had at least 75% airway obstruction prior to surgery. Three months after surgery disturbed breathing had been resolved in all children and there had been a significant reduction in bruxism, although 24% maintained the habit of mouth breathing.
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Strengthening Resilience in Refugee Children Through Art and Attention to their Voices
The study focuses on refugee children living in a temporary transit camp in Lesbos, Greece, which endeavors to provide the children with safety, security, and an adaptive learning experience under transit camp conditions. The research question was: Can children develop a high level of hope during prolonged hardship and distress? The study adopted the salutogenic approach developed by Antonovsky, according to which resilience can develop under severe stress. We also used an arts-based research method to focus on how a sense of coherence can enhance an overall sense of hope. Findings confirm that hope is a component of inner resilience, and not necessarily dependent on external circumstances, even when those circumstances are harsh and threatening. Additionally, it appears that art can enhance children’s ability to communicate their social context, as well as the capacity of adults to pay attention to the children’s voices. The findings support the argument that hope is a personality trait, and not necessarily dependent on external circumstances. The findings obtained from the children’s drawings and class discussions enhance our understanding that a positive experience of support can be achieved in a protected environment, where clear boundaries are set, and attention is given to forming positive relationships.
How to Cite
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At around 6 weeks you may start to experience nausea which can present itself in many ways, ranging from mild nausea to constant vomiting (hyperemesis gravidarum – HG) which in some cases can lead to dehydration- this can sometimes require hospitalization.
The general term for this, “Morning Sickness” is for many women an inaccurate description. The nausea can last all day, or even be worse in the afternoon. It can be made worse when hungry or tired or can be triggered by certain smells or motion. Whilst some women compare the feeling to an all day hangover, others actually vomit on a daily basis. Either way it can be unpleasant start to what many are hoping to be a wonderful time in their lives.
You may become sensitive to certain smells. Walking past a previously inoffensive nail parlour may have you retching!
On a positive note, feeling sick is a sign that your pregnancy hormones are high, which is good for the growing baby. Nausea during the first few weeks of pregnancy is associated with a lower than average risk of miscarriage and may be the body’s way of stopping you from taking in “poisons”. It is likely to improve somewhere between 14 and 16 weeks.
Tips for dealing with this include;
- Eat as soon as you wake up, or even whilst still in bed.
- Nibbling on crackers or biscuits often, even in the night, especially if you wake up hungry during the night. Hunger can make the nausea worse. Keep a cracker, biscuit or banana on your bedside table!
- Ginger in any form, tea, biscuits, Nairns Ginger Oat cakes are delicious and can be found in Sainsburys or Health Food shops.
- Acupressure bands (Sea sickness bands) these can be found in most chemists or online.
- Rest as much as you can as tiredness can make it worse.
- If it is affecting your work then it could be a good idea to tell your boss.
- If you are being sick, on the way to work or whilst out and about- take a plastic bag, bottle of water and chewing gum/toothbrush in your handbag.
Here is some more information on Hyperemesis Gravidarum


Coenzyme Q10 is a powerful natural antioxidant that is found in many foods, and is also available in supplement form. CoQ10, as it’s often called, is typically found as either Ubiquinol or Ubiquinone. CoQ10 has become a popular natural supplement for helping to boost energy and stabilize cholesterol, among many other health benefits. Learning more about Coenzyme Q10 may help you learn how it may be useful in better maintaining your own personal balance.
What is Coenzyme Q10?
Coenzyme Q10, commonly called CoQ10, is a fat soluble enzyme produced in the body cells. The Q10 abbreviation represents Quinone, a chemical group and 10 represents the subunits of isoprenyl present in the compound. Just like the other coenzymes, the Q10 variety aids the activity of enzymes especially in energy production at the cell level. Although for many normal human beings the production of this coenzyme matches its body requirements, some people especially the aged exhibit deficiencies. This has prompted the production of supplements that are rich with this compound in an effort to counteract these deficiencies, possibly caused by reduced production or over-utilization by the body.
Can you get it by Eating Plant-based Diet?
Body organs such as the heart, liver, pancreas and kidneys are rich sources of Coenzyme Q10 in the diet as well as beef and some fish varieties. For vegetarians, they have the options of vegetables and leguminous plant varieties to source for this compound. Peanuts and soybeans are the best alternatives for protein sources rich in this coenzyme. On the other hand, broccoli, spinach, and cauliflower can substitute for people who are allergic to both legumes and meat diets. Citrus fruits, grapes, bananas, avocados and strawberries also have significant amounts. Given that the body requires this compound in micro-units, plant sources serve as equivalent as meat sources. Based on a research on aging deficiencies, combining at least two sources of Coenzyme Q10 is the best way especially for the aged or those with conditions related to its deficiency.
Coenzyme Q10 Supplements
The relationship between this coenzyme and some health benefits has seen the development of supplements and products having the compound at high concentration. For most developers and manufacturers, the concentrations of Coenzyme Q10 by composition are relative since the deficiency and/or overdose causes no known adverse effects to the users. CoQ10 supplements have become wildly popular in recent years, and there is a marked danger of buying contaminated products if you don’t purchase from trusted supplement brands. Many of the CoQ10 supplements found online may not offer full potency, and may even contain mislabeled ingredients. Always pay close attention to brand name and look for NSF and USP certifications.
Recommended CoQ10 Supplements
Benefits of Coenzyme Q10
For normal human beings, this coenzyme serves to metabolize energy for cell growth and development. Due to this role in cell growth, the relationship of aging to its deficiency becomes relevant to some extent. Some studies prove this role of energy metabolism, with some even referring to it as the core of normal body functioning. In addition, it has antioxidant properties which are believed to be useful in reducing the toxicity levels in the cells. Given that it is naturally produced by the body, this detoxification role is specific to cell toxins, which would otherwise affect energy metabolism at this level. However, it is not the sole cofactor responsible for this process, but its role is recognized by many types of research. On the same note, the deficiency of Coenzyme Q10 is manifested by chest pains, heart failure, and blood pressure, although you need to consult a physician to prove this.
Heart failure is one of the symptoms exhibited by patients having deficiencies of this coenzyme. In this case, some studies have shown factual data that proves that having adequate levels of Coenzyme Q10 will reduce the likelihood of heart failure. In fact, this was the initial utilization of supplements having the compound. However, in order to increase its efficiency, experts’ advice a combination of the compound with certain herbs for better results. a study carried out in New Zealand gave a 100% significance to the use of COQ10 as a therapy for heart failure.
Blood Pressure Regulation
People with high levels of this coenzyme in the blood have a tendency to regulate high blood pressure than those with lower levels, a study by US National Institute of Health indicated. For high blood pressure patients, supplements rich in this compound can help lower the pressure back to normal levels. However, another study by Mayo clinic calls for further research on the efficiency of Coenzyme Q10 when on long term use in regulating the blood pressure.
A study by the Cornell University citrshowed the relationship of CoQ10 with corrective disorders such as Alzheimer’s. This could be based on the cell mechanisms and activity that this compound works from. However, given that neurodegenerative conditions comes from various sources, the treatment using the supplements of CoQ10 are yet to have a full approval, with research on its efficiency being recommended.
CoQ10 and Cancer
An early study report showed that cancer patients had low levels of Coenzyme Q10 when compared to those free of cancer cells. Although the study failed to prove if consuming the supplements can treat cancer, factors such as immune improvement favor the cancer patients. In addition, some recent research has shown the improvement of patients on cancer treatment who supplement their CoQ10, with this compound believed to improve the working of cancer drugs.
Other Health Uses
Due to the cell energy metabolism and antioxidant properties, studies have related the compound to treating conditions such as migraines, muscle and joint problems, gum disease, lifestyle diseases such as diabetes and neurological disorders. However, the gaps in research for these cases makes it just a recommendation for people having such issues and not a treatment option.
Side Effects & Overdoses
According to a book called “The Most Natural Cures on Earth”, anyone above 40 years should take or consume at least 60mg of Coenzyme Q10 on a daily basis. On the same note, for people using the supplements to regulate deficiency conditions, the RDI rises to a maximum of 300mg. However, another study indicated that consumers of at least 100mg exhibit insomnia, although at mild ranges. In addition, with prolonged use especially for the 300mg ranges, there was an indication of increased production of enzymes by the liver.
Just like other dietary supplements, the induction of highly concentrated compounds into the body causes mild to severe side effects, depending on the individual body’s reaction. Nausea, rashes, increased sensitivity, headaches, fatigue and abdominal pains are among the side effects to expect especially for first time users. Fortunately, there are no known adverse effects of using Coenzyme Q10 at any amount or concentration.


Zambia, in southern Africa, is a landlocked country of rugged terrain and diverse wildlife, with many parks and safari areas. On its border with Zimbabwe is famed Victoria Falls – indigenously called Mosi-oa-Tunya, or "Smoke that Thunders” – plunging a misty 108m into narrow Batoka Gorge. Its population is 14 million people and GDP per capita of USD 1,844.
Zambia has shown strong growth in the last decade, reaching lower-middle-income status. The government contribution to the health sector has doubled between 2011 and 2014 and is expected to increase further. However, the health sector continues to be dependent on external resources, which accounted for 30-40 percent of health expenditure in recent years. Zambia has a serious AIDS epidemic and the country is working to strengthen prevention, care and support for people living with HIV. Malaria is endemic and is the leading cause of illness and death, but the country has made impressive progress by reducing malaria cases and deaths. TB is a major threat, and the risk of infection and co-infection with HIV are very high. The Zambia TB program aims to reduce illness, death and the socio-economic burden associated with TB through the expansion of treatment, improved laboratory services to ensure prompt and accurate diagnosis, and the scale-up of an initiative that links voluntary counselling and testing for HIV with TB case-finding and treatment.
AHO PRIORITIES FOR HEALTH DELIVERY PLAN IN ZAMBIA
- Health status of women and children.
- Access to quality health care, particularly for the poor with an emphasis on prevention and promotion through strengthened primary care.
- Procurement and delivery of drugs and medical supplies.
- Efficiency of health services/Facility rationalization strategies/Management capacity.
- Work terms and conditions for health personnel.
PROGRAMMES & PROJECTS
1. DISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROL
To strengthen the capacity of national authorities to control communicable and noncommunicable diseases
- Program for the Prevention of Communicable Diseases strengthened.
- Program for the Control fo Noncommunicable Diseases strengthened.
- Implementation of Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses strengthened in all regions.
- National Expanded Program on Immunization strengthened.
- Capacity to monitor health situation strengthened by improving the quality of data and timeliness of reporting.
- Project on disease prevention and control managed effectively.
2. MANAGERIAL PROCESS FOR NATIONAL HEALTH DEVELOPMENT
To administer international technical cooperation for health effectively
- Delivery of technical cooperation enhanced through the efficient and effective management of the AHO office.
- Technical cooperation program delivered through the effective and efficient management of information systems and infrastructure.
- Opportunities provided for staff development in response to increased needs for expertise in their respective areas of work.
- Preventive maintenance conducted on office buildings, equipment, and vehicles.
- Donor coordination meetings on health convened at least twice a year.
- Development of the virtual health library supported.
3. HEALTH SYSTEMS AND SERVICES DEVELOPMENT
To strengthen the capacity of the Ministry of Health to develop and implement health systems and services
- Strategies implemented to strengthen the steering role of AHO.
- Quality assurance programs developed for health services.
- Programs developed to improve oral and eye health and the health.
- Increased capacity of AHO to monitor and regulate the pharmaceutical system.
- Project effectively managed.
- Quality projects
4. HEALTH OF SPECIAL GROUPS
To enhance the capacity of public, nongovernmental, and community-based organizations to apply health promotion strategies
- Capacity to establish and expand network of health promoting schools strengthened.
- Capacity for delivering maternal and perinatal health care services strengthened.
- Capacity for addressing health needs of vulnerable groups strengthened at the national and regional levels.
- Capacity for planning, implementing, and evaluating the healthy municipalities and communities strategy strengthened.
- The development of mental health services strengthened at the national and regional levels.
- Capacity for planning and implementing social communication strategies enhanced to promote healthy lifestyles
- Project effectively managed.
5. HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
To increase national capabilities to address environmental health issues (promoting healthy spaces, pollution control, and environmental protection).
- The National EH System improved through institutional strengthening.
- Conceptual and analytic capabilities strengthened in environmental risk management and assessment.
- Public awareness and community participation increased on environmental health issues.
- Leadership promoted on environmental health.
- Project coordinated.
AHO ZAMBIA 2020 (USD million)* based on 2017 population of 17.09 million, World Bank
|1||Combating communicable diseases||
|2||Tackling non communicable diseases||
|3||Addressing determinants of health & risk factors||
|4||Modernising health system and health service||
|5||Improving preparedness, surveillance and response||
|6||Developing good governance & corporate services||
AHO estimates that it needs to spend at least USD100 per capita on health to meet the basic health needs of the people in Africa. This is too far below developed countries e.g. in England it is US$1,300 per capita (2017)


Renowned for its Victorian architecture and modern urban design, Buchanan Street is one of the main shopping streets in Glasgow, the spine of the city’s Golden Z. Originally the street was called Virginia Street, after a house called Virginia House which belonged to a wealthy tobacco lord Andrew Buchanan, whose wealth came from the tobacco fields of Virginia in the American Colonies. Buchanan Street was given its current name sometime between 1778 and 1786, when it was named for Andrew Buchanan, a leading merchant in the city, a proprietor of the grounds where the street grew, and nephew of the aforementioned Glaswegian by the same name.
Over the years the street stretched to connect with Argyle Street and became a major traffic artery in the city. Its ascension to becoming Glasgow’s main shopping street began in 1978, when the entire street was pedestrianized, save for where other streets cross it. Buchanan Street met the new millennium being repaved with high quality granite stonework and boasting blue neon lighting to light up the street at night.
Today many of the stores are high street and upmarket shops, especially considering the high rents in the many Victorian buildings. In addition to Buchanan Galleries, Buchanan Street is home to the House of Fraser, Princes Square, and Argyll Arcade, to name the larger department stores and the like. The first was mentioned on Saturday, the second will be featured in a few days, and the third is one of the UK’s oldest covered shopping arcades, having been built in 1827. Much of the street survived the most recent recession, although some shops packed up, most notably the Borders bookshop by the Royal Exchange Square.
The statue, seen int he photo above, where Buchanan Street meets Sauchiehall Street, was unveiled in 2002 and depicts Scotland’s first First Minister, Donald Dewar (1937-2000), a graduate of Glasgow University. Apparently the statue was placed on a raised plinth after it had been repeatedly vandalized, reportedly because of its ugliness.
Glasgow Trivia #17: Leading from Buchanan Street by St. George’s-Tron Church is one of many examples of Glasgow leading the world. In 1986 the Glasgow City Council renamed St. George’s Place to Nelson Mandela Place while the political prisoner sat in prison and apartheid was still ongoing in South Africa. The city had already given Mandela Freedom of the City five years earlier. There are numerous places around the world named in honor of Nelson Mandela, so what makes this one in Glasgow special? Because this renaming really upset one of the residents there who now had to list its address as being on Nelson Mandela Place. That resident was the South African consulate.
[Summer 2010 Poll: Where Are You From?] Click on the photo above for a larger version. Please rate the photo below! © 2010 GlasgowUniPhoto.com


Our commitment to equity and the environment means that we must elect a government in Ontario that takes justice and fairness seriously.
Closing the Pay Gap for Ontario Workers
This year on International Women’s Day, Iceland made it illegal to pay women differently than men. Employers there must prove they offer equal pay regardless of gender, ethnicity, sexuality, or nationality. While other programs like this exist, Iceland has made its decision legally binding. In Canada, the wage gap persists, even when education, occupation, experience, and hours of work are consistent. It takes Ontario women 15 1/2 months to earn what Ontario men do in 12. That’s a 30 percent pay gap! The gap is even wider for Indigenous women, racialized and immigrant women, and women with disabilities.
But it isn’t just the pay gap. According to the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, the increase in precarious, low wage work in Ontario is part of a seismic shift in the type of work being created and the way work is organized. “People used to work cleaning offices alongside their colleagues who worked in those offices. They are now working for cleaning contractors who compete to be the lowest cost (lowest wage) bidder.”
Our experiences in the workforce are connected to legislation. The Employment Standards Act sets the minimum floor for pay and working conditions while the Ontario Labour Relations Act sets rules for the relationships between employers and unions. What is so powerful about the legislation in Iceland is that employers can be prosecuted for the unequal treatment of workers.
In May, labour and community groups in Ontario received the final report of the Changing Workplaces Review. The report proposes a number of recommendations including extending employment standards to more workers, improving workplace protections, and investing in more rigorous labour law enforcement. However, the review fails to address some fundamental reforms sought by labour and community groups.
The recommendations fail to reintroduce card-based certification or other models that make it easier for workers to organize collectively. They fail to address paid sick days, adequate vacation, and just cause protection for all Ontario workers. To raise the bar for all workers, ETFO has joined the Ontario Federation of Labour in calling for changes to the Labour Relations Act and the Employment Standards Act to address issues including equal pay, benefits, and working conditions.
Many organizations have banded together calling on the government to raise the wage floor for everyone in Ontario. As the $15 and Fairness Campaign says, “We need a $15 minimum wage, 7 paid sick days, equal pay for part-time, temporary and contract workers, better rights for temp agency workers, advanced schedules, the right to unionize and respect at work.” As teachers, we see how poverty and precarious work affect our students. We know these changes are essential to our students, their parents, and our communities. While the review’s mandate excluded consideration of a raise of the minimum wage, it remains an urgent issue for the government to address and one that disproportionately affects women in workforce.
As educators, we are privileged to have the backing of a strong union. Our numbers ensure we are heard when we speak about our issues and those of the broader community. Whether it is to address workplace violence, student testing or the funding formula, we are united in our action. Creating better working conditions for all Ontarians, closing the pay gap, and working to ensure that everyone has access to decent working conditions and fair compensation is our responsibility as members of our communities.
Building and strengthening relationships with parents and families, school councils, and community organizations and agencies creates important alliances. These alliances help us better advocate for public education and the equity and social justice issues that are our priorities as an organization. Together we must continue to organize in our communities, building mutually supportive relationships, and raising the bar for workers in Ontario.
– Sam Hammond


|Home||» Products||» Tungsten Radiation Shield||» Nuclear Submarine Tungsten Radiation Protector|
Tungsten alloy radiation shielding is the high density metal, which is mixing of a tungsten alloy powder (such as: with content of 92.5 et.% W and the balance of Ni, Fe) with an organic binder. Due to its high density, excellent absorption behaviour against radiation and environmental friendly characteristics, tungsten alloy can be the best choice to produce nuclear submarine tungsten radiation protector.
The Applications of Nuclear Submarine Tungsten Radiation Protector
A nuclear submarine is a submarine powered by a nuclear reactor. The performance advantages of nuclear submarines over "conventional" (typically diesel-electric) submarines are considerable: nuclear propulsion, being completely independent of air, frees the submarine from the need to surface frequently, as is necessary for conventional submarines the large amount of power generated by a nuclear reactor allows nuclear submarines to operate at high speed for long periods of time. Nuclear submarine tungsten radiation protector can be used as radiation shielding for nuclear reactor. Nuclear submarine tungsten radiation protector can be produced into plank boards to separate nuclear engine room from other rooms in nuclear submarine. Nuclear submarine tungsten radiation protector also can be used in the nuclear engine system as the radiation protector encase nuclear reactor to absorb radiation and reduce the damage of nuclear decay.
The Advantages of Nuclear Submarine Tungsten Radiation Protector
Compared to traditional radiation shielding materials such as lead and boron carbide, tungsten alloy radiation bricks provide excellent density with small capacity. At the same tungsten alloy radiation brick with weights high density alloy can provide the same energy absorption as lead using 1/3 less material. During design of shielding, tungsten alloy radiation shielding is calculated according to requirements of shield to abate the multiple shielding materials' thickness.


Diabetes in the dog? Unfortunately not uncommon
Most of suffuring of diabets are older animals. In rare cases, even dogs at a young age are affected. In addition, some breeds are generally more susceptible to diabetes than others.
What this disease is about and what you can do about it as a dog owner is explained in this article.
What is diabetes?
It is the job of the pancreas to produce the hormone insulin. This is needed to transport glucose (sugar) from the blood into the cells of the body. Normally, an increase in blood sugar level after eating automatically triggers the release of insulin. It removes the sugar from the blood, lowers blood sugar and provides the cells with nutrients.
However, if the dog has diabetes, this perfectly tuned system will not work properly. As a result, there is an uncontrolled increase in blood sugar and insufficient nutrition of the body. In the long term, diabetes can have serious consequences for the dog.
Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
There are two types of diabetes called diabetes Type 1 and Type 2. Both have different causes and show up themselves in different ways.
Type 1 diabetes is when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin. The amount then is insufficient to transport enough sugar from the blood into the cells. There is an increase in blood sugar, which ultimately causes diabetes.
In contrast, the type 2 pancreas produces enough inulin in diabetes. However, the dog's body is unable to recognize and use it properly. This also leads to the fact that the blood sugar level can not be properly regulated.
Unlike humans, however, diabetes type 2 is not common in dogs. Most animals get Type 1 Metabolic Disease.
Triggers and risk factors
The development of diabetes can be triggered by various factors in the dog.
Often it is autoimmune or genetic processes that are responsible for the low production of insulin, and thus for the development of type 1 diabetes. In some smaller breeds, such as poodle and dachshund, the predisposition is particularly large.
In addition, nutrition also plays a major role as a risk factor. If a dog is overweight, the probability of illness increases. This is true even if his race is not prone to it.
There are several symptoms that indicate diabetes in dogs. Among other things, the disease of the metabolism can be noticeable when dog is overly hungry and thirsty and has very frequent urination .
Often, the animal also loses significant weight and has strikingly unpowered. In addition, poor wound healing can also be a sign of diabetes.
Treatment of diabetes in dogs
If your pet is suspected of having diabetes, you should consult a veterinarian immediately. If left untreated, the disease can bring serious consequences, such as blindness.
However, if diabetes is detected in good time, the disease can usually be dealt with very well and passes without any major consequences for the dog.
Our feeding recommendation
For dogs with diabetes, we recommend feeding with our favorite menu. Bellfor wet food is free from sugar and grain. It contains only natural ingredients such as fresh vegetables and fruits. In addition, it contents a particularly high meat content - 64 percent.


Physical health effects
Mental health effects
Health effects on children
It has become more unusual to find a house in the developed world without a TV set than with one. As well as becoming a staple household appliance, the emergence of smartphones and tablets has made accessing video and film content even easier. Exacerbated by the global pandemic, the phenomenon of binge-watching has become widespread due to the readily available content on streaming services.
In September 2020, a record number of 13 million UK households held at least one streaming on-demand subscription, and 6.7 million had two or more subscriptions. This generates £1.5 billion in revenue from the UK and £40.1 billion worldwide. With video fast becoming the medium of information-sharing, advertisement, and entertainment, the industry has burgeoned without preventative caution for the potential negative effects of excessive viewing.
Physical health effects
Television and broadcasting entertainment have proved so effective that ‘binge-watching’ is now a widely practiced hobby. Viewers can physically relax while living vicariously through the adventures of others, resulting in prolonged periods of sedentary activity. Reduced movement during screen time and the high probability of meals or snacks consumed during viewing contribute to expanding waistlines. Moreover, live television is regularly punctuated with advertisements.
A study from the appetite and obesity research group at the University of Liverpool has concluded that children see approximately 12 HFSS (High in Fat, Sugar, and Salt) advertisements an hour when watching family-friendly content. Shows sporting sponsored products further exacerbate the lure of unhealthy food. Alongside the burgeoning obesity and high BMI numbers across the UK and US, the increased intake of sugary foods unmitigated by exercise spikes a rise in type 2 diabetes.
Sedentary activity is also positively associated with higher levels of infertility – more than 20 hours of TV-watching a week results in under 44% of normal sperm levels. In men, testicular health requires good circulation, which is sustained by exercise. Fat tissue has been linked to higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammation in sperm cells; the presence of these stress markers decreases with regular exercise and correlates with seminal DNA integrity.
In women, sedentary behavior and extremes of high or reduced fat tissue contribute to infertility. Regular exercise stimulates hormone secretion, which contributes to egg production. In addition, the improved circulation and metabolic benefits from exercise promote healthy egg growth.
Related: Screen Time and Insomnia
Mental health effects
Television is an incredible innovation that combines audio and visual signals to provide an immersive entertainment experience. Screen time has been speculated to develop emotional intelligence in viewers by allowing them to simulate situations from different perspectives. However, this has also been speculated to provide unrealistic expectations and demonstrate the supposed ‘costs’ of relationships.
TV has links to anxiety and depression as individuals can fall into a perpetual cycle of physical loneliness and increased dependence on electronic entertainment, contributing to further self-isolation. Another contributor to anxiety and depression is insomnia related to screen time. The screens of electronic devices emit blue light, which simulates daylight.
As TV is mostly watched in the evenings, this blue light affects melatonin levels and the sensitivity of the body clock to time. This results in insomnia which disrupts the body’s ability to replenish from a restful sleep. Exciting and violent scenarios in shows also stimulate the adrenaline system and keep viewers awake, further exacerbating insomnia.
Health effects on children
Children are not immune from TV-related health effects. Whilst the most crucial brain development occurs in the early years, the brain is not fully formed until 25, with another rapid expansion period taking place around age 16-17. As watching television is an easily accessible and engrossing activity, it is tempting to entertain children with on-demand programs. However, this convenience comes at a cost – even 2 hours of TV a day have been shown to delay speech progression by 6-fold in children under the age of 2. Older children have been noted to internalize aggression and violence, which may have adversely damage their developing character.
- Johnson JG, Cohen P, Kasen S, First MB, Brook JS. Association Between Television Viewing and Sleep Problems During Adolescence and Early Adulthood. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158(6):562–568. doi:10.1001/archpedi.158.6.562
- Boyle, M., 2021. TV streaming statistics | Finder UK. [online] Finder UK. Available at: <https://www.finder.com/uk/tv-streaming-statistics>
- Foucaut, A., Faure, C., Julia, C., Czernichow, S., Levy, R. and Dupont, C., 2019. Sedentary behavior, physical inactivity and body composition in relation to idiopathic infertility among men and women. PLOS ONE, 14(4), p.e0210770.
- Grish, K., 2021. How Changing Your Exercise Routine Could Boost Fertility. [online] Shape. Available at: <https://www.shape.com/lifestyle/mind-and-body/boost-fertility-with-exercise>
- Hajizadeh Maleki, B., Tartibian, B. and Chehrazi, M., 2017. The effects of three different exercise modalities on markers of male reproduction in healthy subjects: a randomized controlled trial. Reproduction, 153(2), pp.157-174.
- Madehow.com. 2021. How television is made – manufacture, history, used, parts, components, industry, History, Raw Materials, Design. [online] Available at: <http://www.madehow.com/Volume-3/Television.html>
- Obesity Prevention Source. 2021. Television Watching and “Sit Time”. [online] Available at: <https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-causes/television-and-sedentary-behavior-and-obesity/>
- Pacheco, D., 2021. How Screen Time May Cause Insomnia in Teens | Sleep Foundation. [online] Sleepfoundation.org. Available at: <https://www.sleepfoundation.org/teens-and-sleep/screen-time-and-insomnia-for-teens>
- Park, A., 2021. Exercise May Be the Key to Better Sperm. [online] Time. Available at: <https://time.com/4591307/exercise-sperm-count/>
- Schroeder, M., 2021. 9 Ways Watching TV Is Bad For Your Health. [online] HuffPost. Available at: <https://www.huffpost.com/entry/health-risk-of-watching-tv_n_56200c55e4b06462a13b5eb4>
- Stoy, J., Hjollund, N., Mortensen, J., Burr, H. and Bonde, J., 2004. Semen quality and sedentary work position. International Journal of Andrology, 27(1), pp.5-11.
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Last Updated: Dec 30, 2022
Zainab obtained her BSc (Hons) in Medical Genetics from the University of Leicester in 2019 having completed a research project in genetic analyses of novel L1 insertions. This project focused on examining the legitimacy of novel LINE-1 sequences that had been discovered in platinum genomes using bioinformatic tools. Utilising genotyping assays, the novel insertion under scrutiny was verified, sequenced and compared to existing L1s to determine distinction and a possible lineage. Further genetic analyses were performed using ceph plate populations to begin establishing the prevalence of this transposable element amongst the individuals in these known populations.
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