Programmable Logic Controller
programmable controller | régulateur programmable | جهاز تحكم مبرمج | programmierbarer Regler | autómata programmable | controlador lógico programmable | ohjelmoitava ohjauslaite | controllore programmabile | プログラマブルコントローラ | sterownik programowalny | regulator programowalny | controlador programável | PLC | 可编程控制器
PLCs are computer-based solid-state devices that control industrial equipment and processes. While PLCs are control system components used throughout SCADA and DCS systems, they are often the primary components in smaller control system configurations used to provide operational control of discrete processes such as automobile assembly lines and power plant soot blower controls. PLCs are used extensively in almost all industrial processes . PLCs are used in both SCADA and DCS systems as control components of an overall hierarchical system to provide local management of processes through feedback control. In the case of SCADA systems, they provide the same functionality of RTUs. When used in DCS, PLCs are implemented as local controllers with in a supervisory control scheme. PLCs are also implemented as the primary components in smaller control system configurations. PLCs have a user-programmable memory for storing instructions for the purpose of implementing specific functions such as I/O control, logic, timing, counting, three mode proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control, communication, arithmetic, and data and file processing .
- ERNCIP's Thematic Group on Case Studies for the Cyber-Security of Industrial Automation and Control Systems


The recorded history of Gibraltar (pictured in 1782) spans over 2,900 years. First inhabited 50,000 years ago by the Neanderthals, Gibraltar may have been one of their last refuges before their extinction. To the Carthaginians and Romans it was one of the Pillars of Hercules at the mouth of the Mediterranean Sea. Moors from North Africa first settled and fortified it, calling it Jebel al-Tarik, later corrupted into Gibraltar. Castile contested it and eventually conquered it in 1462, after which it became part of Spain. An Anglo-Dutch force seized it in 1704. It was ceded to Britain under the Treaty of Utrecht, signed on 13 July 1713. Spain unsuccessfully besieged Gibraltar in 1704, 1727 and 1779–83; its status is still disputed. The territory became a British Crown colony and an important trading post and base for the Royal Navy during the Peninsular War. During the Second World War it was a key British garrison, controlling access to the Mediterranean. Gibraltar’s fourteen sieges have led to it becoming “one of the most densely fortified and fought over places in Europe”. Today it is a self-governing British Overseas Territory with an economy based largely on financial services, shipping and tourism.
Since 1985, Gibraltar has undergone major changes as a result of reductions in Britain’s overseas defence commitments. Most British forces have left the territory, which is no longer seen as a place of major military importance. Its economy is now based on tourism, financial services, shipping and Internet gambling. Gibraltar is largely self-governed, with its own parliament and government, though the UK maintains responsibility for defence and foreign policy. Its economic success has made it one of the wealthiest areas of the European Union.
- Gambling on Gibralter (jackcollier7.com)
- Malvinas/Gibraltar hand-to-hand with Argentina: “a ridiculous adventure” opposition tells Rajoy (en.mercopress.com)
- See you in court, Gibraltar chief tells Spain over fishing spat (uk.reuters.com)
- UK warship heads for Gibraltar (timesofmalta.com)
- See you in court, Gibraltar head tells Spain over fishing spat (theglobeandmail.com)
- Gibralter – should it be ruled by Spain? (bookmarkdaily.wordpress.com)
- Britain to fight dirty over Gibraltar hostility by using EU veto to block Spain’s plans (express.co.uk)
- Gibraltar: Britain may SUE Spain over border checks row (mirror.co.uk)
- What are the competing claims over Gibraltar? (bbc.co.uk)
I obtained a video just recently relating to 1954 by coincidence date of my birth! It made very interesting listening and just stumbled on this article! An excellent read and well worth knowing who is behind the scenes, manipulating our world!
Originally posted on ExplosiveReports.Com:
June 19, 2013
Environmental think tank aspired to global matrix of manufactured consent
Recently unearthed documents from the private collection of former diplomat and Bilderberg regular George C. McGhee have revealed (among other things) that the Club of Rome in 1970 wanted to create a “global matrix approach”, or G-Matrix approach, as a means of bringing people into an enviro-eugenicist mindset globally.
The Club of Rome was an influential think tank, advocating among other things worldwide population reduction and global environmental governance.
The author of the uncovered manuscript from 1970 was Italian industrialist Aurelio Peccei, who founded the Club of Rome in 1968. Peccei wrote that any acceptance of the Club’s conclusions “relies heavily on a global matrix approach”. Furthermore he writes that these conclusions by the infamous Club (which includes advocacy of worldwide population reduction) can only be generally accepted “through (…) an iterative, global…
View original 644 more words
1807 was a momentous year in British history as it brought the abolition of the slave trade. Yet it is estimated that today around the world there are more slaves being held captive than ever before. Organisations like The Salvation Army have never ceased to raise awareness of the continuing problem and in the 126 countries in which we operate, human trafficking is a high priority and we respond in practical ways depending on the local need and our resources.
So where are the 21st century slaves? Yes, there are children held in parts of Africa, harvesting cocoa beans to make our chocolate; women in Asia are trapped and exploited to make the cheap clothes that we wear and discard; and in the South Pacific men are enslaved on ships. However, people are also enslaved right on our doorstep, living in our communities, in the UK. They are often hidden but not necessarily invisible; you may see them but not recognise them; but you can help them. http://www.localgov.co.uk/index.cfm?method=news.detail&id=109966
- Indian History, British History, National History, World History (timemaps.wordpress.com)
- Evaluating England’s Role in Opposing Slavery (stephenbasdeo.wordpress.com)
- Invitation: Be a part of Black British history (leahcharles.wordpress.com)
- Database of British Slave Owners (eogn.com)


Friday, May 2, 2014
Durrell Courses 2014
Durrell Courses 2014
Endangered Species Recovery – 14/07/14 – 25/07/14 http://www.durrell.org/training/courses/Endangered-Species-Recovery/
o The Endangered Species Recovery (ESR) course is a two week introduction to the issues and practical skills involved in saving threatened species from extinction. You will develop a critical understanding of biodiversity conservation and the issues it raises, as well as practical research skills. This course is perfectly suited for those wanting an up to date summary, and has also proved invaluable to those considering a career change to conservation as a profession.
· Latest Development in Primate Conservation – 01/09/14 – 05/09/14 http://www.durrell.org/training/courses/Latest-Developments-in-Primate-Conservation/
o The course is designed for anyone working in or considering working in the field of primate conservation, or others simply wishing to gain a detailed up to date understanding of this topic (e.g. educators). You will develop your knowledge of the latest primate conservation theory, and gain key practical skills.
· Conservation Breeding and Husbandry of Callitrichids – 14/10/14 – 17/10/14 http://www.durrell.org/training/courses/Conservation-Breeding-and-Husbandry-of-Callitrichids/
o Conservation Breeding and Husbandry of Callitrichids is a four day intensive course designed to equip participants with the necessary skills to successfully manage and breed primates, particularly callitrichids in captivity.
· Conservation Education and Interpretation – 25/10/14 – 27/10/14 http://www.durrell.org/training/courses/Conservation-Education-and-Interpretation/
o Drawing upon cutting edge research, theory and practical experience, the course will be taught by experts from Durrell and University College London, giving participants a firm grounding in how to deliver conservation education and interpretation.
· Tropical Conservation and Ecology Field Skills: Mauritius – 6/10/14 – 15/10/14 http://www.durrell.org/training/courses/Tropical-Conservation-and-Ecology-Field-Skills-Mauritius/
o This course is designed specifically for graduate students looking to gain their first foot-hold in a wildlife conservation career. It will also be relevant for existing conservation professionals who may not have received much formal training in field skills.
· Avian Egg Incubation Workshop – 10/11/14 – 14/11/14 http://www.durrell.org/training/courses/Avian-Egg-Incubation-Workshop-/
o The Avian egg incubation workshop is a five day practical workshop designed to give participants the skills required to successfully incubate bird eggs and deal with problems that could arise.


Find the missing numbers with this quick and fun maths activity. We have been learning how to order numbers to 10 and practising saying and writing them in the correct order. Children in my class have been enjoying playing this simple game at choosing times and at the maths table. All they have to do is find the missing numbers and velcro them in the correct place.
Originally the idea was to fill in the answer with wipeable markers, but I found that the children weren’t great at wiping the pen off the laminated cards. This meant that the answers ended up being left on and the cards quickly became grubby and unattractive. This time I’m using sticky back velcro, hopefully this will be more successful. My only concern is that the game won’t last very long because the number strips will get crumpled as the numbers are pulled off. I was careful to use a clear font that was designed especially as a handwriting font with correct formation.
If you’d like a free copy of the template I laminated, feel free to download it here: Missing Number Game


If I ask your views about duplicate content on the internet, your answer would be a resounding: “Oh! it is bad.”
But Matt Cutts, who was former Google’s head of search spam, said that 25% to 30% of the content on the internet is duplicate.
It means one in four pages is engaging in an act that many consider wrong, and rightly so.
But, the problem is with our understanding of duplicate content and how search engines view similar content.
The scope of duplicate content goes beyond “copy & paste” and “content syndication.” These two are extreme examples of content duplication, but they aren’t the only forms of it.
Content duplication takes many forms. Sometimes it results from a deliberate attempt to seal the content and earn undue benefit. Other times, it occurs as a result of technical complexities.
Either way, it is essential to understand it in more detail.
What is content duplication?
Here is how Google defines duplicate content:
“Duplicate content generally refers to substantive blocks of content within or across domains that either completely matches other content or are appreciably similar. Mostly, this is not deceptive in origin.”
Duplicate content poses a problem for both the site owners and the search engines. But if a website engages in content duplication, Google doesn’t punish it with a harsh duplicate content penalty.
Google says that the duplicate content is not the grounds for action against any website unless there is a clear intent to deceive and manipulate search engines with similar content.
So, why is Google not coming down hard on content duplication?
For this, you have to understand what causes content duplication and what its types are.
There are two types of duplicate content. They both cause problems for site owners and search engines:
Offsite content duplication
Offsite duplication is when the same content appears on two or more websites. The content can be an exact copy of each other or have few modifications. Offsite content duplication happens in three ways:
- A website is involved in content syndication: scrapping content from other websites and republishing it.
- A website has published any third-party content.
- A website has distributed its content to be published by other websites, for example, article distribution.
Onsite content duplication
Onsite content duplication is when similar content is published on more than one URL of a website. While offsite content duplication is hard to manage, onsite duplication is easily managed by some technical changes to the site’s structure and development.
Duplicate content and SEO
Duplicate content cancels out the benefit of and SEO. While SEO is all about ranking a website higher in the SERP, duplicate content negatively impacts the website’s rankings by compromising uniqueness.
It also causes problems for search engines in identifying the source of the content. Sometimes, the duplicated content ranks higher in SERP than the original content. Thus, web owners suffer the loss of traffic and visibility.
Here is how duplicate content can affect your SEO efforts:
Divides the traffic
When it comes to syndicated content – content appearing on more than one website – the search engines, on most occasions, cannot identify the source of the content or the webpage where it was first published.
So, they rank all the pages on their indices. This dilutes the uniqueness of each page, and instead of one page getting undivided traffic, several pages get the traffic.
Distributed link juice
If content appears on a single URL, all the external backlinks – URLs linking to that content – will go on that single URL.
But, if similar content appears on more than one URL, the backlinks will be divided among several web pages. Since backlinks pointing towards a webpage are a ranking factor, any loss in the backlink can impact your ranking in the SERPs.
Eats into the crawl budget
Whenever the search engine crawlers crawl a website, they limit the number of pages they can crawl in one attempt.
With duplicated content, this crawl budget is wasted on crawling and indexing unwanted pages. Your updated or money pages might not be crawled because the crawl budget is consumed in pages with duplicate content. Even if these pages are crawled and indexed, they won’t serve any purpose in the SERPs.
Complicates site structures
Duplicated content not only creates offsite issues but also leads to problems within the website. If two or more URLs have the same content, it will increase your website’s number and affect the site speed.
This problem is more common with e-commerce websites or websites with thousands of pages. For example, in an e-commerce website that sells shirts, multiple URLs will be generated if the users apply filters (size, color, collar size) to the product.
Similarly, some CMS generates separate links for products listed under different categories or tags. It also increases the number of pages on a website.
How to check duplicate content
The easiest way to identify the pages with duplicate content on your website is by checking all the pages from your site indexed in Google.
Here is a simple way of doing it. Go to google.com in the search bar, type site: and enter your website’s URL without the subdomain.
It will give a list of all the indexed pages from your website.
You can also check the indexed pages of your website through the Index Coverage report in the Google Search Console.
From the left sidebar, click ‘Coverage’ under the ‘Index.’ It will report URLs indexed in Google and the URLs that aren’t indexed due to errors. This report looks like this:
There are also duplicate content tools that you can use to identify duplicated content, such as DupliChecker, Copyscape, Siteliner, etc.
How to fix content duplication issues:
The most common duplication problem occurs when multiple URLs lead to a single page. For example, all these links will lead to one page:
All these URLs will lead to the homepage of our website. Now, the simplest way to fix this problem is by applying a 301 redirect. No matter what URL the users enter, they will be redirected to one place.
Large e-commerce websites are the absolute cesspit of similar content. Not only do their product descriptions match, but their products also generate multiple URLs because of being categorized under different tags.
It is also the case with third-party product descriptions that features on these e-commerce websites. These products are listed on more than one website, and a third party provides the description for them. Thus, too many product pages carry the same product description.
To fix this issue, you can apply canonical tags Rel=”canonical.” Canonical tags tell search engines about the “preferred” version of a web page if the content is duplicated.
Users can add canonical tags to tell the search engines that out of these two pages with similar content, I want to get this page ranked and not the other one. Otherwise, duplicate page without canonical tags leads to the indexing of all pages in random order.
But, canonicalization doesn’t fix the duplication issue completely.
One of the rel canonical problems is that the search engines see these tags as mere signals. They choose to acknowledge or ignore it as they seem fit. So, even after applying Rel=”canonical,” you might not be able to direct all the traffic towards a single URL.
If you have heard of the Robots.txt file, you will know that it works as a gatekeeper for your website if you create it. It controls the avenues where the search engine crawlers can and cannot enter.
In a robots.txt file, users can input “follow” and “nofollow” tags for pages. The pages with a nofollow tag in their HTML header are not crawled or indexed by the search engines.
Assigning a nofollow tag to your pages with duplicated content means that they won’t appear in the SERPs.
However, this practice is not recommended by Google. If the crawlers’ access to the web pages is blocked, they can’t identify similar content. As a result, the crawlers will treat them as unique pages.
Duplicate content penalty
As a webmaster, there is no way of knowing how much duplicate content is acceptable. While you should always strive for as minimal duplicate content as possible, it is also essential to know Google does not punish content duplication.
Google has not outlined any penalty for the content it deems copied or scraped off from other websites. It doesn’t prefer original source over duplicate content pages while indexing and ranking pages in the SERP.
Google rarely penalizes a website with deindexing for copying and syndicating content. For it, there has to be a ‘clear indication of manipulation by the websites to deceit the search engine.’
Content duplication is a big problem for websites. It impacts their SEO efforts, affects their rankings in the SERP, and dilutes the uniqueness of content.
However, it is important to note that Google or other search engines do not punish duplicate content. Still, webmasters should limit both onsite and offsite duplication to improve the website’s SERP ranking and increase its authenticity. Looking to improve your content? Let the Vancouver SEO Company help you!


German War Industry during the Nazi German Era 1933-1945.
Just Click on Any Picture Below to Make it Large for Viewing!!
Black and White Photos
Blohm+Voss (B+V), also written historically as Blohm & Voss, Blohm und Voß, etc., is a German shipbuilding and engineering company. Founded in Hamburg in 1877 to specialize in steel-hulled ships with its most famous product being the World War II battleship Bismarck.
In the 1930s its owners established the Hamburger Flugzeugbau aircraft manufacturer which, shortly before the outbreak of World War II, adopted the name of its parent company.
Following a difficult period after the war, B+V revived its fortunes by becoming a public company under a change of ownership. In 2016, it became a subsidiary of Lürssen and continues to supply both the military and civil markets. The company also carries out related activities, managing a dockyard in Hamburg and undertaking maintenance and repair of large cruise ships. Since the acquisition, it has been concentrated in three areas: warships (new construction), cruise ships and merchants (repairs) and yacht refitting. The company has been in operation, building ships and other large machinery, almost continuously for 142 years.
Kriegsmarinewerft (or, prior to 1935, Reichsmarinewerft) Wilhelmshaven was, between 1918 and 1945, a naval shipyard in the German Navy’s extensive base at Wilhelmshaven, (80 miles (130 km) west of Hamburg).
- Industry – Shipbuilding
- Fate – Dismantled after World War II
- Founded – 1918
- Defunct – 1945
- Headquarters – Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Products – Warships, U-boats
The shipyard was founded on the site of the Wilhelmshaven Imperial Shipyard which had been closed down after World War I.
In 1935, the name was changed to Kriegsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven (Wilhelmshaven Naval Shipyard) when the German Navy (Reichsmarine) was renamed Kriegsmarine by the Third Reich
During 1939-1945, the yard’s main activities were in building U-boats and repairing damaged warships. Personnel were often assigned to organizing naval facilities in occupied countries, e.g., in the ports of Lorient, Brest, and St. Nazaire. At the war’s end, there were about 17,000 workers.
Polish and British troops reached Wilhelmshaven in May 1945. For a time, the yard refurbished ships to be sent to the Allies as war reparations but, from 1946, most buildings and equipment were either dismantled or blown up.
Since 1957, part of the site has housed an arsenal for the German Navy (Deutsche Bundesmarine).
Selection of Ships Built:
- 1920-1922: 28 Fishing Vessels
- 1922: Four Cargo Ships
- 1925: Light Cruiser Emden
- 1926-1928: Six Torpedo-Boats
- 1929: K-Class Light Cruiser Königsberg
- 1930: K-Class Light Cruiser Köln
- 1931: Gunnery Training Ship Bremse
- 1934: Deutschland-Class Panzerschiff (armored ship, later classified as a heavy cruiser) Admiral Scheer
- 1936: Deutschland-Class Panzerschiff Admiral Graf Spee
- 1939: Scharnhorst-Class Battleship Scharnhorst
- 1941: Bismarck-Class Battleship Tirpitz
- 1941-1944: 27 Type VII Submarines
Porsche Factory Gmünd
The Porsche factory Gmünd in Gmünd was 1944-1950 design and production plant of the car manufacturer Porsche. By order of Nazi government agencies, Ferdinand Porsche moved in November 1944, the headquarters of the design office of Stuttgart in the less threatened by bombing Carinthia, where it traded under the name Porsche Constructions Ges .mbH. In 1948, the first vehicle named Porsche was produced in Gmünd with the Porsche 356 No. 1 Roadster. In 1950, the company returned to its headquarters in Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen and finally abandoned the Gmünd location in March 1951.


NUTRITION EDUCATION MODULE AND WORKBOOK DEVELOPMENT FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
Primary school students are in a period of continued growth and development after the pre-school age period. However several studies have shown that children at this age are vulnerable to under- and over-nutrition, which can interfere in their learning process and school achievement. The objective of this activity was to develop a nutrition education module for primary school students aged 8-12 years. This activity was held on January – August 2018 into Primary Schools of Bogor. The steps of this activity included: 1) to establish of technical working group (TWG); 2) to review existing nutrition education for primary school students; and 3) to develop student module and workbook (SMW) for nutrition education. The TWG which were formed, consists of school principles, nutrition professional society (Food and Nutrition Society of Indonesia), university staffs (Bogor Agricultural University and SAHID University Jakarta), and local government (Bogor Education Office). This activity was done collaboration with SEA-PHN. Currently, there is no activity on nutrition education at these schools, neither teacher guide for nutrition education for primary school students. The TWG developed nine topics of SMW were developed, namely balance diet and my plate, active and healthy life, cereals, fruit and vegetable, protein food, limit sugar salt and fat, choosing safe and nutritious food, food label, and summary. The SMW was designed colorfully and interestingly. Prior to final version of SMW, it was assessed to be used by school children. In conclusion, the SMW could be used to educate primary school students on nutrition.


This volume provides a fresh look at the Capetian century (1214-1314), a period that changed the cultural and political fabric and laid the foundation for the modernisation of the medieval West. The period from the birth of Louis IX to the death of Philip the Fair is remarkable for a series of developments and accomplishments associated with the Capetian kings of France. Innovations in architecture, manuscript illumination, and music all helped shape the cultural fabric of French and European life. Administrative historians emphasize the development of political institutions that have been said to lay foundations of the modern State. 'Moral reform', partly in support of the crusading movement, led to various changes in policies toward Jews, prostitutes, heretics, and many other social groups. This volume brings together essays presented at the Capetian Century Conference held at Princeton University, commemorating two seminal anniversaries bracketing the 'Capetian Century'--the Battle of Bouvines (1214), and the death of Philip the Fair (1314).


Pantheism is the false belief that everything is God, or more precisely, that God is incarnate in everything.
As an error, it is an absurdity. It arises in the East in the Indus Valley in the ages before Christ and it is the core principle of Hinduism.
But it is also the consequential philosophical position of German nominalism.
Nominalism is an error introduced into Europe in the high middle ages by the Arabic philosopher Averroes. It spread rapidly at the University of Paris and thence to all of Europe, especially to the faculty of Tubingen. It was popular among secular logicians who, following Peter Abelard, thought they could carve out a place in Catholic society where they were not obliged by the faith to live moral lives.
Nominalism was condemned by both Saint Thomas of Aquinas, whose feast is celebrated today, at Aquinas and Priverno, Italy, and by Saint Bonaventure of Bagnoregio.
Nominalism ends up in pantheism, because nominalists deny that any particular word names anything particular or idea in a definitive way. For the nominalist, another word can just as easily name what is named.
Infecting Germany for centuries before the rise of Modernism, Nominalism became the favorite position of Modernists, who believe that there is not God and thus that religious sentiments are the true reality behind all religions. All religions are equal and are willed by religious sentiment. Modernists still speak of God, but they mean religious sentiment when they say God.
As one permanent Deacon explained to me, here in Italy, most of the clergy do not think there is anything named by the word, God. For them, God is a word.
You can see, therefore, the difficulty a Modernist will have when confronting the fact that Pope Benedict XVI renounced the ministerium and the Code of Canon Law says a pope must renounce the munus, if he wants to un-pope himself.
To them words have no fixed meaning, so whatever word you want to use, out of religious sentiment, is just as good and just as approved by God — which for them is the code word for religious sentiment.
You can see that the Bishops are modernists in that they are responding to the Corona Virus as if God is not in the Eucharist and that the waters of Lourdes have no miraculous connection to the God of all Healing and Grace.
This is why they wont even give you a response or audience when you ask to speak about the Renunciation. Questions and problems of this kind never enter into their heads.
This is why, just as the Lord punished the Jews of old for apostasy, with plague, so now the Lord sends the Corona Virus to punish the wicked clergy for their atheism.
For just as God incarnated once, and can incarnate not again, so every specific word has a specific meaning. This is the error also behind the subsistit in, in the “Dogmatic Constitution on the Church”, passed at Vatican II, on Sept. 17, 1964.
The Church of Christ susbsists as the Catholic Church, She doe snot subsist in the Catholic Church. The latter means She can subsist in several Churches. That is false. It is denied by the Incarnation of the Son of God. But it is affirmed by pantheism and modernism.
That is why all those who insist that Bergoglio is the pope are not Trad Inc. or traditional Catholics, they are Modernist Inc. and modernists, even if they say the Old Mass with all the rubrical perfection that has ever or could ever be achieved, in all possible universes.
CREDITS: The Featured Image is a screen shot of the search results of Google Image search for pantheism, and is used here in accord with fair use standards for editorial commentary. While the results have many interesting graphics, many of them are from occult sources and contain various errors or unseemly images, which are not recommended.
+ + +
Help us take on the established Catholic Media who are controlled opposition. They are promoting schism from Pope Benedict, and remain silent at the heresies and schisms of Jorge Mario Bergoglio. We cannot let the St. Gallen Mafia win the information war, which they are presently doing through controlled media. — TO FIGHT THIS WAR we need your generous financial support. — Funds go to Ordo Militaris Inc., and are capital gifts for this Apostolate.
The purpose of human language is to communicate truth.
This is saying which is agreed upon by nearly every member of humanity. But we often forget how profound its implications are.
Saint Thomas says, that the truth of which we speak here, is the right relation between the human mind and reality as it is. The discovery of truth, then, is the discovery of the right way to understand the reality which is around us or inside us.
But we often forget the other word in this universal definition of human language: communicate. “Communicate” is word which comes from the Latin verb meaning “to build up together” or to “to share gifts with one another”. In the definition of human language we see the profound social aspect of speaking and its goals on the level of society: sharing and the promotion of the perfection of one another. The communication of truth therefore is the fulfillment of the inherent goals both of communication and of truth.
What I have just written could be called the philosophical or anthropological principles of human language. Not just of any one particular human language, but of all human language.
The other tongue
An individual human language is also called a “tongue” from the fact that each language requires for its proper enunciation a way of enunciation which is habitual and requires the tongue which speaks it to adapt accordingly.
But there is another sense of the word, “tongue”, which I want to employ here: this is the sense in which the word means not one kind of human speech, but an entire different philosophy or definition of human language.
Because just as human language according to its natural or proper definition is a set of spoken sounds, which can be recorded in written forms, for the sake of communicating truth, so, if one changes the final purpose of human language, one, as it were, gives birth to an entirely different tongue, on account its altered purpose.
And such a tongue exists. And it has a name, not from its human author, but analogously from the first being which used communication for another purpose: Satan.
Satanic language is a system of communication for the purpose of sharing falsehood, and not for building up or the sharing of gifts, but for tearing down and theft and robbery, and ultimately for murder. As Christ said of its author: “Who was a liar and a murderer from the beginning” (cf. John chapter 8: read this whole chapter to see both Tongues at work)
This other tongue, since it is not creative except of deception — as it has no other reason for being — uses the words of human language and creates new words which serve to hide the lie under the appearance of truth. We can easily recognize these lying words, because of their novelty, and not just any novelty, but a novelty used to overthrow the words which have been used from the beginning.
Every tongue gives birth to its own Culture
Now it is a fact of reality and a truth of anthropology that every unique tongue gives rise to unique culture. This is because the language according to which we speak is the default form for our way of thinking and perceiving. And hence every language gives birth to its own culture: every language, not only in the sense of modes of human speech, but also in the sense of which I speak here, of the two purposes of speech.
The summit and perfection, the culmination and fulfillment of every language finds itself and its salvation in Christ, and in particular, in the preaching of the Gospel, the good news, which is the greatest gift we can share verbally and the greatest truth we can communicate.
The characteristic of a human language which is thus baptized is that it means what it says and says what it means, and both in the most profound way. We see this in Sacred Scripture, where though the Hebrew Language was chosen by God to prepare the world for the coming of the Messiah, it speaks in vagaries and in a dark and obscure manner, quite unlike the Koine Greek which the Apostles sanctified for the preaching of the Gospel, which reveals clearly and openly the Salvation which comes from the Incarnation of the Eternal Word of the Father. Shadow passes to light, figure and prophecy to reality and fulfillment.
This is true even on the historical level. Because in very many such cultures, it was the preaching of the Gospel which gave rise to the historical forms of their human languages or at least fixed them in written form as a monument to the ages, and provided a millennial bridge from one generation to the next for the preservation of meaning and signification. We can see this especially in the Latin language, which once understood can grasp the meaning of what writers from the 5th century before Christ to the 19th century after the birth of Christ are saying. We see this especially in languages which had their birth or genesis after the preaching of the Gospel, as for example, English, a language which in its present form knew not disbelief until disbelief was introduced from another land.
The tongue of Satan also gives rise to its own culture. We can see this in the way those who oppose the Gospel have ever acted: denying the plain meaning of words, denying that words have meaning, denying that words mean things different than other words. This attack on human language is a necessary technique of that Tongue which serves to break down the other by the employment of deception.
This technique gave rise to a false and misleading way of reading the Old Testament, so as to convince all who read it to deny that Christ was its fulfillment. It created an entire commentary on the Old Testament filled with vain and false tales and strange and novel doctrines which aimed all with that same purpose. This way of denying Scripture gave birth to a sect in which attacking the good and attacking Christianity was a practiced habit of mind and speech.
All peoples, however, who abandon Jesus Christ and all groups who reject Him, must follow in the same path, because you cannot reject Incarnate Truth without attacking the truth incarnate in every word and speech or thought of mind.
Thus we see this Other Tongue in action in the errors of Nominalism (the philosophical position which says that words do not name anything real), Modernism (the theological heresy which holds that everything in religion comes from sentiment, not God) and the global push for a new form of humanity, divorced from reality and wantonly joined to unnatural falsehoods.
This war of two tongues is most evident in the fight to defend the life of children in the womb and at birth. The entire maniacal and diabolic industry of death and genocide makes its every move on the turn of the meaning of an old word or the invention of a new word to conceal their murderous intent.
Another recent example of this war is the recent study by the Pontifical Biblical Commission, in which the destruction of Sodom is insisted to be a punishment for a lack of hospitality not for a lack of chastity. Still another, is seen in the verbal gymnastics used to insist that Benedict resignation were valid or conformable to the Code of Canon Law also gives rise to entirely new words (Bennyvacantism) used to conceal lies and entirely new ways of reading Canon Law (munus = ministerium), Catholic Doctrine (infallibility does not prevent a heretical pope), or the Bible (the Gates will not prevail means they can succeed some times), which are invented solely for one purpose, to deny the truth.
The war between Satan and Saint Michael the Archangel began with a war of communication with entirely two different tongues. The war of cultures among men also has its source in a war of Two Tongues. I hope, therefore, that this post enables you to discern these Two Tongues and these Two Cultures better. Of them Saint Augustine wrote eloquently in his Book on the City of God, in which he spoke of Two cities: one founded on the love of God unto the contempt of all other things, and the other founded upon the love of self unto the contempt of God.
A CALL FOR VIOLENCE TO PROMOTE THE GREATER REVOLUTION
Rome, March 9, 2015: Students of theology at Rome, who are catholic, have long experience in “reading” what their professors are saying. This is because the current climate of Modernism, and the persecution of Catholic seminarians which is attendant upon keeping it in power, makes a woeful variety of the forms of dishonestly flourish under its pallid “sun” of error.
Modernism, as Catholics know and recognize, is the error which says there is nothing religious but what comes from the sentiments of the human heart. It is a species of atheism, of the kind apt to be found in those who pretend to be religious. It is a very apt and useful error for the ecclesiastical parasite, the priest-careerist or the hierarchical climber, because it absolves from all conscience and morality and thus enables any compromise necessary to ascend to ever greater depths of moral depravity and power.
In classes at the Pontifical faculties at Rome, the Modernist is easily recognized by his inability to speak sincerely and straightforwardly, his use of metaphors, indirect symbols, passing remarks, to key to his audience the “secret” meaning of his lecture, and allow it to be understood correctly. Few modernists omit this method, because it is so useful and successful; it leaves them in a strong position from where they can with difficulty be accused of being heretics, and one in which those who espouse heresy, can understand what they should be understanding in a certain sort of coded language or discourse.
The talk at Ognissanti is a perfect example of this method, but since this method is rarely recognized for what it is, let us unpack it for those Catholics who have the blessing never to have been “initiated” into it by attending a Pontifical university or seminary class.
First, the very occasion of the talk provides the context. The Modernists who pushed to dump the original schema for Vatican II and who controlled the entire implementation of the texts of the Council into which they wrote nearly all their own errors, find no greater occasion to rejoice but the anniversaries of their revolution. The 50th anniversary of the first mass in the vernacular, as was celebrated on Saturday March 7th, is just such an occasion.
It would be enough for the Pope to celebrate the occasion, even though he scrupulously avoided using the actual ritual Pope Paul VI used on that day, 50 years ago: no, no! such a liturgy, that of 1965, is much too much like the Traditional Latin Mass, of the “preconciliar era”. To have used that liturgy, would have been to confirm what Pope Benedict XVI often spoke about, the necessity to reconcile the 2 liturgies. But since “reconciliation” presupposes equality, and since Modernists deny the legitimate spiritual equality of the Old Rite — they actually deny the totality of the legitimate spiritual quality of that rite — there could be no question about using the liturgy of 1965. That would send the “wrong” message, in their minds, to their followers.
Thus, the significance of the day of March 7 and the use of the Novus Ordo for the 50th anniversary.
Significant too, is the Cardinal of whom this church is assigned among the Sacred College: Cardinal Walter Kasper, chief theologian of “Team Bergoglio” and papally authorized proponent of the Kasper thesis, which holds that it is mercy to abandon 2000 years of Christian teaching which bars public and impenitent sinners from reception of the sacraments.
All of these 3 circumstances already say all which the Modernists need to say. Their con-catenation means that unless their agenda is explicitly denounced in the Homily for the celebration, that agenda is in fact explicitly affirmed by the silence.
Let us now examine the text of the talk to see what else can be gleaned.
As the Modernists would be very inclined to fear that Traditionalists would be apt to criticize this talk — there were even rumors in Rome that the Vatican was obsessed that traditional Catholics would stage a demonstration against the Anniversary — we have to look closely to see what is intended to be seen only by initiated Modernists.
Quotations are from our unofficial English translation of the homily…see previous Blog post for citations.
+ + +
Holy Mass at the Roman Parish of Ognissanti, on the Via Appia Nuova
Homily of Pope Francis
3rd Sunday in Lent
Saturday, March 7, 2015
On the occasion of the feast of the Jewish Passover, Jesus went to Jerusalem. Arriving at the Temple, he does not find people who seek God, but people who are conducting their own business: merchants of animals for the offering of sacrifice, money-changers, who exchange the “impure” money, bearing the image of the Emperor, with the money approved by the religious authority to pay the annual temple tax. What do we find when we take ourselves there, when we go to our temples? I give you this example: The unworthy commerce, source of ill-gotten gain, provokes the energetic reaction of Jesus. He overturns their tables and throws their money to the ground, he drives the merchants away, saying to them: « Don’t make the House of my Father a market! » (John 2:16).
Note, from the start, that the Pope founds his entire homily on the comparison between the Jewish liturgy and the Christian liturgy. This is the standard Modernist reading of the liturgical aggiornamento: Just as the Jewish liturgy was ignorant and superficial, the Christian inspired and interior; so the old Mass was obsessed with appearances and rules, the reformed Liturgy is open and free and unvexing.
Note that the Pope uses the current Italian version of the Gospels, which erroneously translates the Greek, οἶκον ἐμπορίου, as “market”, when in fact is means “house of business”, that is, “covered market place”. (The actual mercantile practices in the Gospel text took place, not in the Temple, but in the Courtyard of the Gentiles, the most exterior part of the outer area, in which even Gentiles who were believers could enter. No part of the Mosaic Law forbade trade in this area. Contrariwise, the Mosaic Law, of which Jesus as God is the author, precepted the offering of sacrifices to God: the support of the Temple by the annual tax, too, was a customary obligation of the entire Jewish People, to which Jesus never objected.)
In fact, the use of the Jewish – Christian parallelism to fault the old liturgy and praise the new, is a form of antisemitism which we would expect from a Lutheran faithful to Luther’s bigotry against both the Jewish People and the traditional Mass, the kind of theological bigotry propounded in liberal Germany theological institutes, such as those from which Cardinal Kasper may draw his racially tinged concepts of African Bishops, as Edward Pentin exposed during the recent Extra-Ordinary Synod on the Family. But let’s not allow our expectations or history to get in the way of the evidence.
Referring to the words of Jesus in John 2:16, the Pope continues:
This expression does not only refer to the traffic which was being practiced in the courtyards of the Temple. Rather, it regards the type of religiosity. The gesture of Jesus is a gesture of “cleaning”, of purification, and the mentality which He expresses can be found in the texts of the Prophets, according to which God does not take pleasure in an exterior cult wrought through material sacrifice and based upon personal interest (cf. Isaiah 1:11-17; Jeremiah 7:2-11). This gesture is a call back to authentic worship, to the correspondence between liturgy and life; a call which is valid for every epoch and even for us today. That correspondence between liturgy and life. The liturgy is not something strange, over there, far off, and one during which I think of many things, or pray the Rosary. No, no. There is a correspondence, between the liturgical celebration and what I then carry on in my life; and on this (path) one must go further ahead, one must journey onward.
Here the pope abandons the common reading of this passage in the Fathers, which attributes Jesus’ ire not to the mercantile operations per se, but to the corruption which had crept into it, such as not exchanging coins at the fair value, or selling animals for sacrifice at inflated prices; all of which defrauded the honest Jew who came to worship God, especially the poorer ones. (Remember that Jesus’ family was so poor that, at His birth, Joseph could only afford 2 turtle doves for sacrifice not the customary lamb).
To use this text while avoiding the condemnation of the sin of the exploitation of the poor, is a very notable exception for the man who is Pope Francis: seeing that he has railed against this for his entire Pontificate. This omission, therefore, should be seen as significant: namely that the true message of his homily is aimed at something else. We can see what that is, in the text paragraph of his talk:
The conciliar Constitution, Sacrosanctum Concilium, defines the liturgy as « the first and indispensable source from which the faithful can draw the true Christian spirit » (n. 14). Which means to reaffirm the essential link which unites the life of the disciple of Jesus with liturgical worship. This is, above all, not a doctrine to comprehend, or a rite to fulfill; it is naturally also this but in another manner, it is essentially diverse: it is a source of life and of light for our journey of faith.
That is, he is going to speak about the liturgical renewal, not about Jesus cleansing the Temple, per se. The Pope continues:
Moreover, the Church calls us to have and to promote an authentic liturgical life, so that there may be a harmony between what the liturgy celebrates and what we ourselves life in our own existence. It treats of how to express in life what we have received by means of the Faith and what which have celebrated (cf. Sacrosanctum Concilium, n. 10).
The Church does nothing of the kind, actually. Vatican II did not impose any obligation on anyone in the Church, since it established no canons or anathemas not even promulgated a new liturgy. The Novus Ordo came into being only in 1969, and its authors were the Consilium established by Pope Paul VI, not by the Council Fathers. Nor did it even attempt to be faithful to the document, which the Pope just cited. The Pope could have mentioned this, but he did not: and his silence is significant. He is affirming that his intentions are to continue in that line of misrepresenting the Council as Pope Paul VI did.
The Pope continues:
The disciple of Jesus does not go to church only to observe a precept, to feel okay with a God who should not “trouble” him much. “But I, Lord, go every Sunday, I fulfill …, don’t mix yourself up with my life, don’t bother me”. This is the mentality of so many Catholics, so many. The disciple of Jesus goes to church to encounter the Lord and to find in his grace, working in the Sacraments, the strength to think and act according to the Gospel. On which account, we cannot delude ourselves into thinking that we can enter the house of the Lord and “cover ourselves over”, with prayers and devotional practices, comportments contrary to the requirements of justice, of honesty or of charity towards our neighbor. We cannot substitute with “religious gifts” what is owed to our neighbor, putting off a true conversion. The cult, the liturgical celebration, are the privileged place to heed the voice of the Lord, which guides us along the road of righteousness and Christian perfection.
Notice the dichotomy between the “disciples of Jesus” and “too many Catholics”. If you think the Pope is literally saying that “many Catholics” are not “disciples of Jesus”, you are correct!The truth is, however, that when one speaks properly, “Catholics” are the only disciples of Jesus that there are! for they are the only ones who take Him as seriously as He Himself insisted to be taken. So what is the Pope getting at? We must understand, that while it appears that he is using words in their proper sense, he is not; thus we must consider that he is not, if we are to understand him aright.
Secondly, if one considers the many scandalous deeds and actions of Pope Francis, as Pope and before in Argentina, we can rightly say that we find his words astounding: because he is condemning “many Catholics” for doing what he himself is notorious for doing, yet omitting that he is also at fault for that.What kind of “authentic Christian life” is that?
We must understand, therefore, that in this homily, the Holy Father has no intention of presenting a call to authentic Christian life, rather, his goal is to attack it. For his actions speak louder than his words and give them context, even if that is politically incorrect to say. If his intentions were otherwise, he would publicly repent of his bad example and many scandalous words and deeds during the last 2 years as Pope. He did not. That is significant.
Therefore, the true reading must be, that the authentic Christian life which seeks interior conversion for the sanctification of the exterior life, is to be rejected, and in its place one should implement what the aggiornamento gave us, the appearances of a renewal, which have visibly altered the liturgies of the Church, but have entirely abandoned the interior man, especially the interior of many priests and bishops, to interior corruption, to hypocrisy, superficiality etc., the very same things the Pope appears to be condemning.
The Pope continues:
This regards the fulfillment of a journey of conversion and penitence, to take from our life the scars of sin, as Jesus did, by cleansing the Temple of petty interests. And Lent is the favorable time for all of this, it is the time for interior renewal, for the forgiveness of sin, the time in which we have been called to rediscover the Sacrament of Penance and of Reconciliation, which causes us to pass from darkness to the light of grace and friendship with Jesus. There is no need to forget the great strength which this Sacrament has for the Christian life: it makes us grow in union with God, it makes us reacquire the lost joy and to experience the consolation of feeling ourselves personally welcomed by the merciful embrace of God.
The error of Luther was to seek God in the confirmation of his own personal “will” to be saved, founded in a fiducial faith. This error gave rise to the sentimentalism of Protestantism, which puts the experience of faith in the place of dogmatic faith; to which error there followed unbridled free thought in matters of religion, since “faith” no longer required intellectual assent to defined propositions or to revealed truths. What remained from Protestantism was consumed by Modernism, where sentiment alone remains. Thus Modernists go to church to get a feeling, a consolation, just as the pope is proposing for “disciples of Jesus”. Thus, we have our true key to read the Papal homily: The “disciples” are Modernists, the Jews are the Traditionalists, the pre-conciliar Catholics, who refuse the Aggiornamento.
The pope continues this line of thought, in his concluding remarks, where he calls for the continued revolution in the Church.
Dear brothers and sisters, this Church was constructed thanks to the apostolic zeal of St. Luigi Orione. It is precisely here, that, fifty years ago, blessed Paul VI inaugurated, in a certain sense, the liturgical reform with the celebration of the Mass in the language spoken by the people. I auger that this circumstance may revive in you all the love of the house of God, In her, may you find great spiritual help. Here you are able to experience, every time you wish to, the regenerative power of personal prayer and of community prayer. Listening to the Word of God, proclaimed in the liturgical assembly, it sustains you in the path of our Christian life. You meet together here between these walls, not as strangers, but as brothers, capable of giving one another a hand freely, because you have been built up in love through Christ, the foundation of hope and the fundament of pledge for every believer.
Him, Jesus Christ, the Corner Stone, do we embrace in this Holy Mass, renewing the resolution to commit ourselves for our own interior purification and for the interior cleansing of the spiritual edifice of the Church, of which each of us is a living part in force of our Baptism. Amen.
To a simple Catholic it might seem that the Pope is saying something quite different than what we have expounded, but take it from a student of 3 pontifical faculties, that is just what it is intended and crafted to appear to mean to a simple Catholic.
Thus, in summation, we can say, that the homily as presented is calling for greater violence against the “Jews”, that is the traditionalists — Jesus cleansing the Temple, is after all a prime example for the justification for violence* — and in favor of the Aggiornamento of the Church ever more deeply, and thus in favor of the Kasper Thesis, the heretical thesis of divorcing the Sacraments from the observance of the moral law, the thesis promoted by Cardinal Kasper, who is the Cardinal patron of the very church in which this homily was given.
* Remember, it is a mortal sin of sacrilege to use scripture for an evil purpose or to interpret it in a sense contrary to the common opinion of the Fathers of the Church. The true example given by Our Lord in the Temple, is that as God’s Divine Son He has the right to cleanse His own Church from corruption, and this He surely will do, even before the great day of His Final Return. And that it is a grave offense to the Divine Majesty of His Father, that the uses of the places dedicated to the worship of God, as He commanded it, be stained with moral corruption. In other words, the example of Our Lord in the temple gives us the exact opposite indications as that which the Pope promotes, because it is diametrically opposed to the impiety of Modernism, to the hypocrisy of the pink mafia, and to the objectives of Free Masons and the Progressive Movement, and the adaptation of liturgy to life, such as the Aggiornamento has been applied.
IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CATHOLICISM AND MODERNISM
Editorial: I heard the most absurd thing today. A journalist was interviewing the new Roman Catholic Bishop, recently appointed by Pope Francis; and the report ended by quoting the Bishop, that he was working to make the Church what it used to be, “a happy place to be” (sic)!
When I was on pilgrimage in France in the winter of 2004, I had the opportunity to beg a ride from a Catholic layman, whose name I do not remember, who after sometime began spontaneously to talk to me of his sorrow concerning the horrible state of morals into which the Catholic Church in France had fallen in recent decades. I asked him, to what he attributed the primary cause of this decline. He said to me, “Its the bishops! I cannot understand why Rome is appointing the worst of men to be our Bishops!” Then he “confessed” his personal sense of guilt, in having spoken thus, because he considers that as a good catholic, one should not think like that, and asked me what I thought.
I was completely honest with him: I said, “You are telling me nothing different than what the laity tell me wherever I go, whether in North America or in Europe: they all say, the problem is the Bishops; even clergy lament to me, saying, “Where on earth did they find such a man to be the bishop of such and such a diocese?”
It is remarkable, even more so, when the individuals nominated do not even understand the very nature of the Church. The Church, it should be obvious to anyone who has read the Gospel, is not a restaurant: a happy place to be; which must sell Herself like a commercial operation, pandering to each and every opportunistic proposal or desire of its patrons.
The Church is Christ’s mystical Bride, which He founded and redeemed by His Most Bloody Passion and Death, as the Ark of Salvation for all who want to be rescued from their own perdition, merited by their personal sins and/or the sin of Adam. The Crucifixion of Our Lord is not a source of entertainment, except for the wicked headed to perdition: for the faithful it is a most serious, grave and sorrowful thing to remember.
Hence it is, that to make of the Liturgy or a church, a “happy place to be” is tantamount to overturning the entire Catholic religion in that place. The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass is, yes, a “Sacrifice”, not a “celebration”. To make it the latter is not to participate in it. To approach and celebrate with the former, is to authentically celebrate.
Let us not delude ourselves: to be at mass in the latter spirit, is to spiritually adulterate the mass, is to spiritually abuse Christ, making of His most Bitter Sufferings, the occasion of my own personal enjoyment, entertainment, satisfaction. That is nothing short of perverse sadism at the highest theological level.
The Church, indeed, every Church, is a place where man rejects sin, purges himself with mortification and penance, receives the reconciliation merited by Christ’s horrible Passion and Death, is nourished by the most perfect participation in that Sacrifice, which is a humbly, contrite, penitential participation in the Sacrifice by a worthy communion and a life lived in the same spirit, in fidelity to the unchanging perennial Faith, taught by Christ, received by the Apostles, handed down in Sacred Tradition.
The trick of the Modernists has been to make us change the words we use to express our Faith, so as to make of forgetful of what the Catholic Faith is all about; and to substitute in its place the sticky-sweet terminology and philosophy of the world: of hedonism, in which personal satisfaction is placed before all other things.
Perhaps, that is why the Bishop who was interviewed by this journalist is so overweight as to no longer even have a neckline.
The persecution of Catholics by Modernists has advanced from the days of the Second Vatican Council by means of tricks, games, and deceits which were more sophisticated than the average Bishop, priest, layman or religious could understand, and so most or nearly all Catholics were fooled.
The Modernists have used these tricks to separate good Catholics who recognize the errors which Modernists promote and oppose these errors, from those Catholics who have not yet recognized them or who accept them.
The From Rome blog has spoken of this in particular, as regards centers of formation for priests and religious, previously. But now, it seems needful to address the laity in general.
4 Games Played by Modernists
What does Our Lord Jesus Christ expect of us during a doctrinal crisis in the Church, where heretics control some or a majority of the ecclesiastical structures? Does He want from us blind obedience?
In Creation and the Divine Order of things, a comprehensive theological explanation was given, to explain what true obedience and false obedience are, and there it was demonstrated that it is blind obedience which is the chief tool which Modernists use to turn good Catholics against other Catholics.
But false obedience takes many forms, and these are the tricks and games which Modernists play at.
Let us leave aside, for a moment, the lies and misinformation which are regularly given out by Modernists, since these regards words not appeals to obedience.
The first game is the “Approval Game”:“You don’t have my approval for that!”, the Modernist says, and the Catholic who does not know his faith, not realizing or recognizing what is Catholic and what is not in practice, takes such a disapproval as the norm or rule for recognizing what is Catholic or not. — “Father does not approve of that, therefore it must not be Catholic!” is the mantra which the Modernists most want to hear from the pews.
The second game is the “Normal Game”:“That is not normally done, the norm is to do such and such!” says the Modernist. A prime example of this was given today by Michael Voris on Church Militant TV (link to video here). The Modernist for whom the Faith is the enemy, obviously, will always call normal what is abnormal or not-Catholic, but he uses an authoritative seeming declaration to use obedience to bait-and-switch a Catholic from what is catholic to what is heretical.
The third game is the “Mercy & Rigor Game”:“You can’t expect people now-a-days to do such things, and by doing them you show yourself to be a rigorist, addicted to paradisaical practices.” This is a very commonly-played game in liberal parishes or in some liberal countries, such as in Argentina, where in the name of mercy, one sells out the faith lock-stock-and-barrel.
The fourth game is the “Guilt and Re-education Game”: Modernists, it must be remembered, are experts at emotional or psychological manipulation, since most of them are sexual perverts or moral misfits: they honed this skill in bucking the discipline their parents should have taught them. They know how to make the good feel guilty for being good, and how to propose the proper re-education of emotions or thoughts necessary to make a good Catholic think and act like a Modernist: they say, “Love is what the Lord want’s from us more than anything else; if it harms charity or sows division, then it is not of God!” They don’t want you to consider for a moment that love of evil is not charity, or that division from the devil is a work of holiness. Or that the Apostles and Fathers of the Church are unanimous in condemning every novelty as well as the norms and mores of the contemporary age (modernus in Latin means “contemporary”). Whereas, Modernists want the Catholic Church conformed to every aspect of contemporary culture and values, or at least accommodated to them in such wise that one can claim the name of “Catholic” without assenting to the Catholic faith or recognizing any objective moral obligation, as taught in Scripture, Tradition and the perennial Magisterium.
The Church will go down to destruction until Catholics stop playing with Modernists
The first requirement of every Good Catholic, is, as St. John the Apostle exhorts us in his letters, never to commune with heretics, never to seek their company, and not to share in their polluted affairs.
If Catholics continue to play these 4 games with Modernists, they will only succeed in destroying their own virtue, losing God’s grace, and being led to Hell.
They will also dis-empower themselves, because they will end up letting Modernists isolate them from good Catholics, from the saints of our age who recognize what Modernism is and who fight it openly.
Christ Jesus, Who by His august Sacrifice on the Cross, completely conquered this world, gave us the means to conquer every error and deceit in all future ages and to do His Will on Earth: this victory is chiefly in the Faith, the one true Faith without which no many can be saved, for without faith it is impossible to please God or even to want to please Him.
But for Our Lord, “faith” is always understood in conjunction with the love of God and hope in God which put faith into practice.
And one puts faith into practice chiefly by rejecting every practice which is not approved by Faith, Scripture or Tradition.
Thus, the next time you are doing something which is perfectly Catholic, and a Modernist proposes otherwise, remember that you only remain faithful to Christ by ignoring him, disobeying him, resisting him, and encouraging others to do the same.
In the meantime, for your re-inspiration, a beautiful video about what the Catholic Church was, before the Modernists, should now be without them, and will always be, once good Catholics like yourself rise up against them.


The “Lycabettus Programme” will enliven one of the capital’s abandoned hills
At the beginning of the XVI century, during the second Italian war involving France and Spain, Barletta was the scene of many important historical events, such as the famous Challenge of Barletta. The conflict between Italian and French knights, which took place following provocations from the French side, took place on February 13, 1503 and ended with an Italian victory. The city became a stronghold of the Spanish, who enlarged the walls and the castle. In 1528, already torn by internal divisions, Barletta was devastated by the French, who perpetrated lootings and burnings that destroyed churches and conventual buildings. From that moment Barletta's decline began. In 1656 the plague hit the city and the number of its inhabitants was reduced to some twenty thousand.
Signs of rebirth occurred only at the end of the 18th century, during the reigns of Bonaparte and Murat.
The XX century began with peasant struggles and strikes. On May 24, 1915 Barletta was hit by an Austrian ship, which destroyed the northern front of the castle, the maritime railway and some houses near the Cathedral. The city did not suffer further blows thanks to the intervention of the destroyer Turbine.
During the Second World War, on 8 September 1943 and in the following days, the city was the scene of several conflicts with the Resistance.
The sixties for Barletta constituted a flourishing period of economic recovery, with the establishment of new industries, the construction of new school complexes, the inauguration of the Canne museum and the completion of the City Palace.
Barletta is an Italian municipality of 94 344 inhabitants (30 June 2019), the capital of the province of Barletta-Andria-Trani in Puglia together with Andria and Trani. The territory of Barletta has about 13.5 km of coast and overlooks the Adriatic sea.
Barletta's economy is mainly linked to agricultural and industrial production. The most common crops are those deriving from vineyards and olive groves. There is a large presence of companies in the textile, clothing and footwear sector, which in the last forty years have led to the formation of an extensive production district on a provincial scale.
The Castle of Barletta
Construction of the Castle of Barletta began in 1532, at the behest of the Spanish king Charles V. In 1867 the Castle was purchased by the Municipality of Barletta, later becoming an arms depot and a prison.
In 1973 it entered a long period of restoration that was finally completed in 1988. In 2001 redevelopment works were carried out, which lasted about a year. Today the Castle is home to the municipal library, the civic museum and art gallery and the lapidarium.


This Royal Chapel was consacreted on February 19th 1690. Afterwards, it became the main church of Waterloo. The chapel was built according the orders of the governor, marquis de Castanaga, in classical style. He wanted to become from God that the Spanish King Charles II (who was also ruling Belgium) would get a son.
The text on the fronton under the 2 lions points to that: 'To the good and great Lord, consacrated to Saint Joseph and the Holy Anne, for the by the Catholic Sirs wanted offspring of Charles II, King of Spain and India, Pins of Belgium. François Antoine Agurto, marquis of Castanaga, governor, has donated this chapel and laid its first stone with endless wishes.'
In 1844 and 1968, the chapel was restaurated. The chapel is crowned by a dome with a spherical vault. it is illuminated by a lantern tower on the top and 6 oculi on the sides.
At the beginning of the 19th century, it became too small for the growing Waterloo population. it was enlarged, but not sufficiently. Finally, the current nave was built in 1855, according to Emile Coulon's plans. The choir with tower was added 2 years later according architect Dumon's plans. But the spire would have to wait until 1899.
Inside, the nave is under a ribbed vault.
The baroque, oak wooden pulpit was probably made by the Antwerpian Van Hoof. it is coming from the Cistercienzer abbeye of Aywiers.
For more info (French), see here.
Jean - Claude AHN (translated by us): 'This church has style and is simple and beautiful. It gives the Wellington area and the house of tourism a nice athmosphere in the centre of Waterloo. The rest of the Brussels stoneway is more chaotic and lacks style.'


A person who commands a group of people or an organization is known as a leader. A leader has a dominant and superior position in his/her field. He/she has enough abilities to control that group of people or organization. A good leader helps the people to influence their behaviour, to fulfil their needs, to introduce their required changes, to solve their conflicts in an effective way, and to provide help in the development of subordinates. If you are not able to adopt essential qualities of a leader, then you can get help from expert writers of the academic writing services. Some essential qualities that you should adopt to become a leader are given below;
- Honesty and integrity
If we talk about the supreme quality of a leader, then we come to know that integrity is a supreme quality of a leader. Without integrity and honesty, a leader can’t get possible successes. The honesty and integrity are also considered as two essential ingredients in order to become a successful leader. As a leader, if you don’t have honesty and integrity, then you will not expect honesty and integrity from your followers. As a result, it is difficult for you to lead a team or an organization. That’s why honesty and integrity are also considered as core beliefs and ethics of a successful leader.
As a leader, you will have to encourage your followers to follow your commands. This thing is possible only if you are confident enough in your decisions. On the other hand, due to a lack of confidence in your own beliefs and qualities, it is difficult for you to encourage your subordinates to follow your commands. Some essential things to get respect from your followers are to show swagger and to show assertiveness. All of these things are possible only if you are confident enough about your decisions and qualities.
- Inspire others
As a leader, you will have to persuade others to follow your instructions. No doubt, this is considered one of the most difficult tasks of a leader. The only way to persuade your followers is to inspire them by setting a good example. For this reason, you should try to take all the things in a positive way. This positivity should also be visible to your followers through your actions and deeds.
- Good communicator
As a leader, you will have to communicate your vision with your team. In this communication, it is necessary for you to explain a clear strategy to achieve the required goals. This thing is possible only if a leader has impressive communication skills. These impressive communication skills are also helpful for a leader to achieve his/her required goals.
- Decision-making capabilities
As a leader, your decision-making capabilities should also be impressive. Its reason is that due to the lack of decision-making capabilities, you will have a futuristic vision. With the help of this futuristic vision, you will never be able to achieve the required outcomes. A good leader should think hard and long before taking a decision. Before making a decision, he/she should also try to get suggestions from other stakeholders.


Voluntary Exchange vs. Government Mandates
The basic unit of all economic activity is the uncoerced, free exchange of one economic good for another. Moreover, the decision to engage in exchange is based upon the ordinally ranked subjective preferences of each party to the exchange. To achieve maximum satisfaction from the exchange, each party must have full ownership and control of the good that he wishes to exchange and may dispose of his property without interference from a third party, such as government.
The exchange will take place when each party values the good to be received more than the good that he gives up. The expected — but by no means guaranteed — result is a total higher satisfaction for both parties. Any subsequent satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the exchange must accrue completely to the parties involved. The expected higher satisfaction that one or each expects may not be dependent upon harming a third party in the process.
Third Parties Cannot Create Value by Forcing Exchange
Several observations can be deduced from the above explanation. It is not possible for a third party to direct this exchange in order to create a more satisfactory outcome. No third party has ownership of the goods to be exchanged; therefore, no third party can hold a legitimate subjective preference upon which to base an evaluation as to the higher satisfaction to be gained. Furthermore, the higher satisfaction of any exchange cannot be quantified in any cardinal way, for each party’s subjective preference is ordinal only.
This rules out all utilitarian measurements of satisfaction upon which interventions may be based. Each exchange is an economic world unto itself. Compiling statistics of the number and dollar amounts of many exchanges is meaningless for other than historical purposes, both because the dollars involved are not representative of the preferences and satisfactions of others not involved in the exchange, and because the volume and dollar amounts of future exchanges are independent of past exchanges.
One Example: The Case of Ethanol
Let us examine a recent, typical exchange that violates our definition of a true exchange yet is justified by government interventionists today: subsidized, protected, and mandated use of ethanol.
The use of ethanol is coerced; i.e., the government requires its mixture into gasoline. Government does not own the ethanol, so it cannot possibly hold a valid subjective preference. The parties forced to buy ethanol actually receive some dissatisfaction. Had they desired to purchase ethanol, no mandate would have been required.
Because those engaging in the forced exchange did not desire the ethanol in the first place, including the dollar value of ethanol sales in statistics purporting to measure the societal value of goods exchanged in our economy is meaningless. Yet the government includes all mandated exchanges as a source of “value” in its own calculations.
This is just one egregious example of many such measurements that are included in our GDP statistics purporting to convince us that we have “never had it so good.”
Another Example: The Soviet Economy
Our flawed view that governments can improve satisfaction caused us to misjudge the military threat of the Soviet Union for decades. Our CIA placed western dollar values on Soviet production data to arrive at the conclusion that its economy was growing faster than that of the US and would surpass US GDP at some point in the not too distant future. Except for very small exceptions, all economic production resources in the Soviet Union were owned by the state. This does not necessarily mean that it was possible for the state to hold valid subjective preferences, for those who occupied important offices in the state held them at the sufferance of what can only be described as gang lords, who themselves held office very tentatively.
State ownership is not real ownership. Those in positions of power with responsibility over resources hold their offices for a given period of time and have little or no ability to pass their office on to their heirs. Thus, the resources eventually succumb to the law of the tragedy of the commons and are plundered to extinction. Nevertheless the squandering of the Soviet Union’s commonly held resources was tallied by our CIA as meeting legitimate demand.
Professor Yuri Maltsev saw first-hand the total destruction of the Soviet economy. In Requiem for Marx he gives a heartbreaking portrayal of the suffering of the Russian populace through state directed, irrational central planning that did not come close to meeting the people’s legitimate needs, while our CIA continued to crank out bogus statistics of the supposed strength of the Soviet economy upon which the Reagan administration based its unprecedented peacetime military expansion.
Peaceful Exchange Allowed, Violent Exchange Redressed
With the proviso that no exchange may harm another, as explained so well in Dr. Thomas Patrick Burke’s book No Harm: Ethical Principles for a Free Market, we are led to the conclusion that no outside agency can create greater economic satisfaction than can a free and uncoerced exchange. The statistics that support such interventions are meaningless, because they cannot reflect the satisfaction obtained from true ordinally held subjective preferences. Once this understanding is acknowledged and embraced, the consequences for the improvement of our total satisfaction are tremendous. Our economy can be unshackled from government directed economic exchanges and regulations.
Image Source: iStockphoto.
About the Author
Patrick Barron is a private consultant to the banking industry. He has taught an introductory course in Austrian economics for several years at the University of Iowa. He has also taught at the Graduate School of Banking at the University of Wisconsin for over twenty-five years, and has delivered many presentations at the European Parliament.


When a rotorcraft pilot moves pushes on the cyclic control stick, the swashplate tilts so that angle of attack of the retreating blades increase and of the advancing blades decrease, which creates forward pitching moment on the rotor (shifted 90° due to gyroscopic effect).
Now the first reaction is that the blades flap up aft and down forward, tilting the plane of rotation forward. But which is then the dominant effect that makes the helicopter body to follow the pitch?
- Is is the blades pulling on the hub due to centrifugal force trying to align it with their own plane of rotation,
- or is it that the lift vector tilts with the rotor so its action line no longer passes through the centre of gravity?


Pass FCE is a comprehensive general English course which prepares students for the updated specifications for the Cambridge ESOL First Certificate in English, B2 Vantage of the CEFR. It is suitable for young teenagers and above and can be used either in class or for self-study.
Features:. 15 easy-to-use, topic based units. Revision sections every 3 units. Workbook focused on the main grammar and vocabulary of each unit. the Exam Practice section of the Workbook features practice test questions in exam format, detailed descriptions of each part of the exam and exam advice. a full FCE Practice Test. Audio CDs provide a complete range of authentic FCE-type listening exercises and pronunciation activities. Teacher's Book includes lesson plans, exam information, advice and additional activities, answer keys and recording scripts.
Downloadable from the Cideb site:. Pass FCE TestsPhotocopiable two-page test for each unit focusing on grammar, vocabulary and functions,. Workbook key and Tests key
Unable to find what you want? Try our advanced search facility.
Still unable to find what you want? Why not submit a query to our bibliographical search facility?
For stock and delivery information regarding our titles, please refer to the individual title page.


Across the Cowboy State, the promise of riches drew pioneering miners to seek their fortunes in precious metals. The once-bustling mining settlements now preserve a vibrant chapter of frontier history. Step back in time as we take you to some of Wyoming’s best-kept ghost towns
The Cowboy State offers many opportunities for summer travelers. There’s world-class fishing in its lakes and rivers, hiking and rodeos, mountain and ranch vistas, wildlife viewing, rafting, hot springs, seasonal festivals, Yellowstone National Park — and 70 ghost towns. At one extreme, many of these historic sites are little more than decaying logs, a few crumbling foundations and perhaps an old well gone dry. At the other extreme, they are fully curated campuses restored to their original livable state.
Whether Wyoming’s deserted settlements contain real apparitions from an earlier era is a matter of speculation, but one thing is for sure — wandering around a ghost town is a ticket back in time. The question is, which one to visit? If you’re planning a trip through Wyoming, the following Spook Route, listed north to south, will give you an intriguing peek at the poignant aspects of frontier life.
Kirwin and Double Dee Ranch
Located on the North Fork of the Wood River near Meeteetse, Kirwin had its heyday in the late 19th century when, in 1881, William Kirwin and a hunting buddy discovered gold and silver there. By the late 1890s, the settlement swelled to 200 residents and had 38 buildings, including a hotel, sawmill, post office, stores and numerous private homes. That said, much of the development, including a powerhouse, electric lines and a railroad spur, was abandoned before it was finished. The precious ore turned out to be low grade, then tragedy struck. In 1905, an explosion killed a miner, then two years later, a blizzard dumped more than 50 feet of snow in eight days, causing an avalanche that killed another three people. When the road to Meeteetse became passable again, the entire town departed.
In the 1930s the deserted town became part of the Double Dee Guest Ranch. The dude ranch operated for a decade, through 1942. Amelia Earhart and her husband, George Putnam, were among the ranch’s more famous guests. Earhart started to build a cabin there, but the project was abandoned when she disappeared over the Pacific Ocean.
Today, both Kirwin and the Double Dee Ranch are publicly owned by the USDA Forest Service and are part of Shoshone National Forest. Visitors can see the remains of Earhart’s cabin at the abandoned ranch, then continue to Kirwin where the hotel, several log cabins and mining machinery are scattered around the site.
Plan a full day to visit Kirwin and the Double Dee. A four-wheel-drive vehicle is recommended for crossing one shallow river and several streams to get to the ranch. The Meeteetse Museums complex periodically hosts free tours of the ranch and the ghost town, and can assist in arranging rides or providing directions for self-guided visits.
Meeteetse Museums | www.meeteetsemuseums.org
Though considered a ghost town, Atlantic City, one of Wyoming’s oldest cities, is an interesting mix of ruins and modern-day rural living. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, 37 people still reside in Atlantic City, which has a reputation as the boom-bust capital of the Cowboy State.
Like many other ghost towns, Atlantic City’s fortunes were directly tied to mining. In 1868, prospectors discovered a vein of gold several feet thick and several thousand feet long. They dubbed it the Atlantic Ledge because of its location on the eastern side of the Continental Divide. Despite the remote mountainous location, 100 miles from the nearest railroad, other hopeful diggers soon came in search of riches, and Atlantic City swelled to 300 people. During the town’s first boom, it boasted a brewery, a beer garden, an opera house and a 90-foot-long dance hall where frontierswoman and guide Calamity Jane is said to have worked.
The city’s second boom occurred in the 1880s when a French engineer and capitalist, Emile Granier, introduced his hydraulic mining system. Granier invested $1,000 and hired 300 Swedish laborers to dig a 20-mile sluiceway to transport gold ore from Christina Lake around the town and then to the south. However, the grade was too steep, causing the water to spill over the sides, along with the gold, which other prospectors were glad to grab. Granier declared bankruptcy in 1893 and returned to France.
The town’s last boom occurred during the Great Depression when miners dredged nearby streams and found small amounts of gold. Some nearby mines reopened, but during World War II, when the U.S. government declared gold a nonstrategic metal, they closed again. Atlantic City was added to Wyoming’s list of ghost towns about 10 years later.
Interestingly, the town experienced yet another boom in the 1960s when U.S. Steel dug a large open-pit iron-ore mine there, but that mine closed as well, in 1982. Three decades later, visitors to this half-deserted hamlet can take a self-guided tour of 27 historic sites, including a mill, barns, cabins, the hotel, a saloon, stores and even a crumbling chicken house amid a handful of inhabited homes and businesses.
Atlantic City Historical Society | www.facebook.com/atlanticcityhistoricalsociety
South Pass City
When prospectors discovered the Cariso Lode in 1868, it triggered a gold rush to South Pass City that attracted more than 2,000 people. The boom turned to bust after only two years, but a number of hardy residents stayed, ever hopeful of another gold strike. The state of Wyoming took over the town on its 100th anniversary, turning it into a state historic site.
Today, South Pass City is among the most well-preserved ghost towns in the western United States. Visitors can walk down the main street of town and step into various shops, public buildings and residences, each curated to show life during the gold rush.
The old dance hall serves as the visitor center and the first stop of the walking tour. The most prominent artifact on display inside the dance hall, an American flag with 44 stars, was hand-sewn in 1890 when Wyoming became the 44th state.
The hotel in the middle of town dates back to 1873 and was originally owned by a widow named Jane Sherlock-Smith. In the 1800s, operating a hotel was one of the few businesses deemed socially acceptable for women. Today, the front desk looks as if Sherlock-Smith could appear at any moment to check in a guest.
The Exchange Saloon is another interesting landmark. Built as a bank during South Pass City’s initial two-year gold boom, the building drew miners to exchange a total of 3,600 ounces of gold dust for minted coins, valued at about $3.85 million today. Pausing there, it’s easy to imagine ordering a whiskey, playing a hand of poker or spinning the roulette wheel after a long day underground. If miners didn’t find gold in the surrounding hills, they could dream of winning riches in the saloon.
The adit (entrance) to Wolverine mine is a short walk above the schoolhouse. Though it never produced a notable amount of gold, it gives visitors a sense of what the mines were like. An ore-stamp mill, a sizable contraption by the adit, crushed mineral-bearing ore, then mercury was added to the pulverized rock to collect the gold particles.
For those who want to dig deeper into the pioneer mining era, a 1.6-mile loop trail follows Willow Creek past several more mine entrances, an arrastra (another type of ore mill), a larger stamp mill and the remains of a brick kiln that is on the edge of South Pass City.
Friends of South Pass | www.southpasscity.com
Point of Rocks
With the start of the American Civil War, the U.S. Army withdrew troops from the west to fight for the Union. As a result, during the 1860s, Indian and outlaw attacks increased along the Oregon Trail, one of the primary east-west routes across the continent, which passed through the middle of Wyoming. The government detoured travelers and mail carriers onto the Overland Trail across the southern part of the territory, believing it a safer route.
Though not a ghost town per se, the now-deserted stagecoach and Pony Express pit stop at Point of Rocks was one of the more infamous waypoints along the Overland Trail. Known as the Almond Stage Station, it was built in 1862 from local sandstone. Today, visitors can peek out of the window openings in the crumbling stables or into the restored depot. Several plaques retell the history of Point of Rocks, which withstood attacks and attempted arson by various Indians, and was the site of a purported murder.
Jack Slade, a stagecoach driver and notorious alcoholic, killed a passenger named Jules Beni, a Frenchman and one of Slade’s enemies. Several years earlier, Beni shot Slade and left him for dead, but Slade lived, swearing he would one day wear one of Beni’s ears on his watch chain. Slade, a bully prone to whiskey-induced rages, was eventually hanged by vigilantes.
The stage line operated until 1869. With the completion of the transcontinental railroad, passengers and mail gained a more efficient westward mode of transportation. Today, Interstate 80 follows the basic route of the historic Overland Trail.
Located between the Sierra Madre mountains and the Snowy Range, Grand Encampment is yet another mining boom town of the late-19th century, though not for gold. In 1897, an English prospector named Ed Haggarty discovered copper, initiating a decade of profitable mining in the area. The Rudefeha Lode (named for the first two letters of Haggarty’s and his partners’ last names) and the Ferris-Haggarty Mine continued to produce copper until 1908.
From the mine, a 16-mile aerial tramway, the longest in the world, carried the ore to a smelter in Grand Encampment, which processed up to 500 tons of ore per day. During the boom, the settlements of Rudefeha, Dillon, Copperton, Rambler, Battle and Elwood sprang up, but they all became ghost towns when the mining company closed after being indicted for selling fraudulent stock and claiming more capital than it owned. During the bust, the town of Grand Encampment quietly dropped “Grand” from its name. Now known simply as Encampment, it has a population of about 400 people.
While not a ghost town in its own right, Encampment hosts many of the buildings from the surrounding ghost towns on the campus of the Grand Encampment Museum. A two-story outhouse, a fire observation tower, a portion of the aerial tram and homes of both prominent and working-class people are among the 19 preserved structures.
Grand Encampment Museum | www.gemuseum.com
TRAVELING THE SPOOK ROUTE
Kirwin to South Pass City
From Meeteetse, south of Cody, travel south 52 miles on State Route 120 to Thermopolis. Take U.S. Route 20 south 32 miles through the Wind River Canyon to Shoshoni. Turn southwest on State Route 789. Go another 55 miles, then head south on State Route 28 past Lander. A series of well-maintained dirt roads with good signage leads to Atlantic City and, 2 miles further south, South Pass City.
Camping: Boysen State Park | wyoparks.state.wy.us
South Pass City to Point of Rocks
Continue south on State Route 28 45 miles to Farson. Take U.S. Route 191 south to Rock Springs. Head east 25 miles on I-80 to Exit 130/Point of Rocks. Turn right (south) off the ramp. Go past the Overland Stage Map, a roadside pullout, then turn left on Sweetwater County Road (no sign). Point of Rocks is 0.1 mile up the hill on the right.
Camping: Sinks Canyon State Park | www.sinkscanyonstatepark.org/visitor/camping
Point of Rocks to Encampment
Take I-80 east 44 miles to Exit 235/Walcott. Go 38 miles on State Route 130 south to Riverside. Turn right (west) on U.S. Route 70. Continue another mile to Encampment. Following the signs to the Grand Encampment Museum, turn left on Sixth Street (dirt), then right to 807 Barnett Avenue.
Camping: Lazy Acres Campground and RV Park | www.lazyacreswyo.com