Canada covers nearly 10 million km2 and has 6 main GEOLOGICAL REGIONS, each with its characteristic features.
Regional Distribution of Mineral Resources
Canada covers nearly 10 million km2 and has 6 main geological regions, each with its characteristic features.
History of Mineral Resource Development
In the course of Canada's history, and more particularly since Confederation (1867), Canadians have discovered and brought into production a wide variety of minerals (metals, industrial minerals and energy resources), making Canada one of the world's leading mineral-producing countries.
Minerals and Economic Development
Minerals, vital to a modern industrialized country and to the standard of living of its people, have had an important impact on the social and economic development of Canada, especially because of the importance of mineral exports to the Canadian economy. Only about 15% of Canada's metal production is consumed domestically, with the balance exported.
Mineral development depends on efficient and economical means of transportation (railways, highways, waterways and air), which link the resources to domestic and foreign markets. Crude minerals and products (excluding petroleum) account for over half of all revenue freight moved by Canadian railways; half of all cargoes loaded at Canadian seaports for international markets are made up of minerals. In turn, materials for mineral development comprise a significant portion of the tonnage moved by the transport industry.
From mining to marketing, the mineral industry provides much direct and indirect employment in Canada, stimulates a broad range of manufacturing and service industries, and, through export sales, makes a substantial positive contribution to Canada's balance of payments. Apart from large amounts of new investment, mineral development has also accounted for much of Canada's railway construction, for several new ports, and for many Canadian frontier communities.
Mining has helped Canadians attain one of the highest standards of living in the world. Canada's mineral industries are dependent not only on a continuing supply of new ore discoveries, but also on the economic well-being of Canada's trading partners in the world economy. Production is adversely affected by a severe slowdown of growth in the world economy and by changing geographic patterns of world industrial growth and mineral consumption.
Dominating this territory is a massive area of Precambrian rock, known as the Canadian Shield, that underlies about half the total area of Canada. This vast expanse of ancient Precambrian igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, glacial overburden, forest and muskeg has been Canada's leading source of precious and base metals and has large reserves and resources of base metals, gold, iron ore and uranium. Because of its large size and favourable geological features, the Canadian Shield still has considerable potential for the discovery of many additional mineral deposits.
Between the Canadian Shield and the Cordilleran mountain region of western Canada, and stretching from the US border to the Arctic Ocean, lies the Interior Platform, which includes the Arctic Platform, the Hudson Platform and the St Lawrence Platform. Under the farmland of the southern portion of the western Interior Plains are substantial resources of petroleum, coal, potash and salt, all contained in thick sequences of gently inclined sedimentary rocks in a wedge that thickens westward towards the Rocky Mountains. This region holds promise for further discoveries of fossil fuels. Petroleum exploration has been extended through most of the plains, including areas in the Arctic Archipelago, but many areas and specific formations remain largely untested. The central part contains the Athabasca, Peace River, Wabasca and Cold Lake oil sands, which together contain an accumulation of 270 billion m3 of heavy-oil resources - larger than the petroleum resources in any other country in the world. About 75% of these heavy-oil resources are in the Athabasca oil sands. One-quarter of Canada's crude-oil production comes from oil sands.
West of the Interior Plains is the Canadian Cordillera, a mountainous region with plateaus and valleys that is underlain by various igneous and sedimentary rocks. This region covers most of British Columbia, the Yukon and the western part of the Northwest Territories, and has extensive and varied mineral resources. Whereas the western and central parts have mainly been sources of a great variety of metals, the eastern region of the Cordillera is noted chiefly for coal and certain industrial minerals, and for petroleum and natural gas along its eastern fringes.
Southeast of the Shield, the Appalachian region of eastern Canada consists of a broad belt of mountains, hills and plains. It underlies all of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, western Newfoundland, and that part of Québec lying south of the St Lawrence River and east of a line between Lake Champlain (US) and Québec City. A great variety of minerals is found there, particularly asbestos (Eastern Townships, Québec) and coal (Nova Scotia); important deposits of zinc and lead occur near Bathurst, New Brunswick. Industrial minerals, including salt and potash, are also found in New Brunswick, salt and gypsum in Nova Scotia and salt in the Magdalen Islands.
This region, which lies mainly in the Arctic Archipelago, is underlain mainly by folded and gently dipping sedimentary rocks that contain petroleum resources (eg, in the Sverdrup Basin), from which there has been only limited production. The older limestone of the Cornwallis Belt contains zinc and lead, including the rich Arvik deposit on Little Cornwallis Island, Nunavut, which since 1982 has supported Canada's most northerly mine, Polaris. Other minerals, including oil sands, coal, salt and gypsum, have also been identified in the region but are not currently economic to mine in such a remote location.
Of increasing importance are the continental shelves extending off the coasts of Canada, underlain mainly by seaward-dipping sedimentary and, in places, volcanic rocks. They include the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic continental shelves. The Arctic Shelf extends to the edge of the Arctic islands and beneath the Beaufort Sea. The Atlantic Shelf lies east of Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador and in the area between Baffin Island and Greenland. Canada has (after Russia) the world's second-largest continental margin - the vast submerged area that is the geological prolongation of Canada's landmass into the seas.
Exploration, particularly off the Atlantic coast where the shelf extends out more than 320 km, has revealed both petroleum and natural gas. There is some production from the Cohasset-Panuke oil field, which lies west of Sable Island, Nova Scotia. Production from the much larger Hibernia oil field on the Grand Banks, 350 km east of Newfoundland, began in September 1997, and from the nearby Terra Nova in 2002. Also in 2002, the White Rose oil field received regulatory approval; it went into production in 2005. In 2008, a deal was reached to develop Hebron, the fourth field to go into production on the Grand Banks. In June 2009 Newfoundland and Labrador Premier Danny Williams announced that a tentative agreement had been reached on expanding the Hibernia oil field. At the time, the Hibernia oil fields had yielded 670 million barrels; the South Hibernia expansion was expected to yield a further 230 million barrels.
17th and 18th Centuries
Quarrying and mining are among the oldest industries in Canada. In 1672, coal was discovered on Cape Breton Island by Nicolas Denys, to whom Louis XIV had granted a concession to mine on the island. Admiral Walker of the British Navy obtained coal from Cape Breton Island in 1711. In 1720 the first coal was produced in Canada by regular mining methods, and it was exported to Boston in 1724. In New Brunswick, coal was first mined in 1782 near Grand Lake, and in 1784 systematic coal mining began on the northwest shore of Sydney Harbour, Nova Scotia. Alexander Mackenzie of the North West Company discovered coal on the Great Bear River, NWT, in 1789, and David Thompson, also a Northwester, found coal outcrops on the Saskatchewan River in 1800. On Vancouver Island, coal was discovered at Suquash in 1835 through information supplied by native people and at Nanaimo in 1850.
In Québec, iron ore was smelted on the St Maurice River beginning in 1737. The first iron furnace in Ontario was erected at Furnace Falls, Leeds County, in 1800. An iron blast furnace was erected in Marmora Township, Hastings County, in 1820 and another at Normandale in 1822.
In 1770 Jesuit Fathers experimented with native copper, found at Port Mamainse on the north shore of Lake Superior. The earliest recorded gypsum mining in Canada was by settlers in Nova Scotia in 1779. The first gypsum production in Ontario was in 1822, near Paris. The first Canadian base metal production was of copper, beginning in 1848 at Bruce Mines, Canada West (Ontario), on the north shore of Lake Huron.
In the 1850s, gold discoveries in BC, oil finds in Ontario and increased production of Cape Breton coal marked a turning point in Canadian mineral history, from events of primarily local importance, to developments destined to have wide-ranging impact.
The first production of gold in Canada, in the late 1850s from a small deposit on the Queen Charlotte Islands of BC [now named Haida Gwaii], was soon followed by production from gold placer deposits in the Cariboo District of central BC, ultimately yielding a total of 110 t of gold. Gold production in Nova Scotia began about 1860. Over the years, production from many very small deposits in that province yielded cumulative production of some 45 t of gold. BC's entry into Confederation in 1871 came about largely because of the rapid growth of the west coast colony that followed the Cariboo and other gold rushes there.
The discovery of petroleum at Oil Springs, Canada West, in 1857 represented North America's earliest commercial petroleum discovery and predates the first US petroleum discoveries in Pennsylvania.
During the 1870s, Canada emerged as a major phosphate producer with the development of deposits of the mineral apatite [Ca5 (F, CI, OH)(PO4)3] in eastern Ontario and in the adjacent Gatineau Hills region of Québec.
The mineral potential of Canada became more evident with the discovery of asbestos in the Eastern Townships of Québec (1877) and the first nickel-copper discoveries at Sudbury, Ontario, in the 1880s, with the first indication of nickel-copper mineralization exposed in 1883 in a rock-cut made during construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway line to the West. Cape Breton coal, the development of the Wabana iron mine in Newfoundland (1893), the Intercolonial Railway, industrial expansion of Ontario and Québec that was assisted by mineral development, and the start of a Canadian iron and steel industry were all important in the subsequent economic growth of Canada.
In the years following Confederation through to the 1890s, increasing exploration in southern BC led to a considerable number of gold, silver and base-metal discoveries, including the Rossland copper-gold deposit (1887) and the famous Sullivan zinc-lead deposit at Kimberley, BC (still in production in the late 1990s) in 1893. The Athabasca oil sands of northern Alberta, which began production only in the 1960s, received attention in a Senate committee report of 1887 following investigations made by the Geological Survey of Canada a few years earlier.
In 1896 placer gold was found in the Klondike District of what became the Yukon Territory, giving rise to one of the world's most spectacular gold rushes. From 1898 to 1905, 167 t of gold, worth more than $110 million at that time ($3 billion at mid-1990s gold prices), was mined from the sands and gravels of creeks near Dawson, which for a brief period had the largest population of any community west of Winnipeg and north of Seattle. Placer gold production from the Yukon continues to the present, having yielded a total of some 440 t of gold from initial production in 1886 until the end of 1997.
In the late 1800s, large deposits of coal and oil sands were evident in that part of the North-West Territories that later became Alberta. Ontario's mineral potential also inspired considerable optimism, especially since good progress was being made in finding the best ways to extract metals from the Sudbury nickel-copper ore. Asbestos was the leading mineral in Québec at that time, followed by copper. In the Atlantic region, Nova Scotian coal was the dominant mineral commodity. Newfoundland's copper production, from mines in the Tilt Cove area, was significant in the context of that time, but not particularly significant in terms of today's world copper production.
Early 20th Century
Although economic policy based on railways, immigration and tariffs did not adversely affect the mineral sector, such economic policy was closely linked to the railway-building programs of the 1870s and 1880s (see Railway History). After 1896 a new period of expansion began, particularly in the Prairie West. The resulting impetus for the production of capital goods increased demand in the manufacturing sector for more minerals. During World War I, Canada's industry almost doubled in capacity. Diversification increased, transforming the steel industry from a specialized enterprise serving the railway-building market to one equipped to supply a range of products to meet the needs of an industrial economy.
In the 1920s the mining and metallurgical base was broadened by the mining and smelting of copper-gold at Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, by copper-zinc mining-smelting at Flin Flon, Manitoba, and by the Britannia copper mine north of Vancouver; by expansion of mining and metallurgical operations at Sudbury, by the establishment of the Trail zinc-lead smelter in BC, and by many other developments, including the drilling of the first oil well at Fort Norman, NWT, and the discovery of a major deposit of natural gas in the Turner Valley, near Calgary (1914).
Mineral development was slower in Saskatchewan. The first copper ore production from the Manitoba-Saskatchewan boundary area was from the Mandy mine in Manitoba in 1917. The prairie provinces did not contribute significantly to Canadian metal production until the Flin Flon mining and smelting operation was built (1930). In 1930 Gilbert Labine discovered uranium-silver-radium ores at Great Bear Lake, NWT, that were mined initially for their radium and silver content, yielding by-product uranium that was used to provide yellow and orange colours in glass and ceramic glazes. In the early 1940s, with the advent of the nuclear age, uranium became the dominant metal of value in these ores, which were exhausted by 1960.
During World War II, Canada became an important source of metals and of other strategic materials needed for the Allied war effort. Expansion of production was substantial in the steel and nonferrous-metals industries and in the electrical apparatus, tool and chemical industries. Between 1939 and the peak period of war materials output, Canadian steel production doubled and aluminum output, based on imported bauxite and alumina, was increased five-fold. During the war years, production of the base metals nickel, copper, lead and zinc increased by 50% or more.
After 1945, the country quickly returned to peacetime activities. Interest in mineral resource development was renewed. The new discoveries of minerals, such as petroleum and natural gas, iron ore, potash, copper, zinc and uranium, not only launched Canada's mineral industry on its greatest period of expansion, but also provided an impetus to Canada's capital goods industries.
The postwar era was marked by many major mineral discoveries: deposits of nickel in Manitoba, of zinc-lead, copper and molybdenum in BC, and of base metals and asbestos in Québec, Ontario, Manitoba, Newfoundland, the Yukon and BC. The discovery of the famous Leduc oil field in Alberta (1947) was followed by a great expansion of Canada's petroleum industry. In the late 1940s and early 1950s uranium was discovered in Saskatchewan and Ontario, giving Canada the world's largest known reserves of this metal in ore. In fact, Canada is the world's largest uranium producer.
Iron ore also became important when huge deposits were developed for mining in Québec and Labrador, and when a major titanium ore body was discovered and developed on Québec's North Shore, providing titanium dioxide pigment and pig iron. Major base-metal mines were brought into production in the Bathurst region of New Brunswick, and a smelting industry was developed there. The world's largest deposits of potash were discovered in Saskatchewan, and North America's first tantalum mine was opened in Manitoba. The Kidd Creek zinc-copper-silver ore body, one of the world's largest, was discovered late in 1963 near Timmins, Ontario, and began production in 1965; it continued to be enlarged for more than 30 years.
The development of mining communities has helped to expand the frontiers of the nation and to provide economic activity in resource towns across the country. The names of many of these communities are familiar: Labrador City and Wabush, Newfoundland; Bathurst, New Brunswick; Black Lake, Chibougamau, Fermont, Matagami, Murdochville, Rouyn-Noranda, Sept-Îles, Val d'Or, Québec; Balmerton-Red Lake, Cobalt, Elliot Lake, Kirkland Lake, Manitouwadge, Sudbury, Temagami, Timmins, Wawa, Ontario; Flin Flon, Leaf Rapids, Lynn Lake, Snow Lake and Thompson, Manitoba; Esterhazy, Rocanville and other potash-mining communities in Saskatchewan; Blairmore and Grande Cache, Alberta; Ashcroft, Cassiar, Kimberley, Logan Lake, Peachland, Sparwood, Stewart and Trail, BC; Yellowknife, Pine Point and Rankin Inlet, Nunavut; Dawson, Faro and Whitehorse, Yukon. Some resource-based communities were abandoned when the ore bodies that supported them became depleted.
Late 20th Century
A resurgence in the gold price, fixed by the US government at US $35 an ounce troy from 1934 until the early 1970s, resulted in a major increase in gold exploration and production in Canada.
With much higher gold prices since the late 1970s, Canada's reserves of gold in ore at Canadian mines increased more than four-fold. New gold ore bodies were discovered and new gold mines opened, including three on a major gold deposit discovered in 1981 at Hemlo, Ontario. Hemlo is one of Canada's most important gold discoveries ever, smaller in its gold content only than the combined Hollinger-McIntyre gold ore body in the Porcupine gold district at Timmins, Ontario, which has yielded more than 2000 t of gold, and possibly smaller than the "Golden Mile" at Kirkland Lake, Ontario, where 800 t of gold have been produced from several separate mines.
Other important new gold mines were opened from the early 1980s to 1996 in Newfoundland, northwestern Québec, northeastern Ontario, northern Saskatchewan and BC (including the extremely rich Eskay Creek gold-silver mine). Various other gold mines reopened, including the former Paymaster mine at Timmins, Ontario, the former Britannia and San Antonio mines in Manitoba, and the former Nickel Plate mine in BC. All of these had closed as they were no longer economic to run because of the then-fixed gold price and increasing production costs due to inflation. Nonetheless, from 1858 to 1997 Canada's cumulative production of gold totalled 8675 t, approximately 7% of the world's all-time cumulative gold production.
A downturn in gold and base-metal prices since 1997 has hurt Canada's mining industry. There have been more mine closures than openings. Mines producing nickel, niobium, iron ore, platinum metals and diamonds did reasonably well considering the economic climate in the industry, while most other metal and nonmetal mines struggled to survive, with many failing.
A significant portion of the world's known uranium resources are in Saskatchewan, specifically in McClean Lake, McArthur River and Cigar Lake, which were discovered in the 1980s. There are three uranium mining operations in the province, at Eagle Point, McArthur River and McClean Lake. Saskatchewan is the largest uranium producing region in the world, accounting for about 30 per cent of annual world uranium production, making Canada the world's leading uranium producer. The Voisey's Bay nickel-copper-cobalt deposit, discovered in Labrador in 1993, is one of Canada's most important nickel deposits. It is located on the eastern edge of a northern expanse of wilderness, 350 km north of Happy Valley-Goose Bay. In 1996, Vale Inco Ltd. acquired the rights to the Voisey's Bay property. The company established an integrated mine and concentrator; Vale Inco began processing its first ore in August 2005.
Several attractive diamond ore bodies have been discovered in the Northwest Territories, the first in 1992. Diamond deposits of economic significance had not previously been discovered in Canada. Canada's first diamond-mining operation began production in October 1998 at the Ekati mine in Lac de Gras, NWT, followed by the Diavik mine in 2003. According to Statistics Canada, the mines produced 13.8 million carats, worth $2.8 billion, between 1998 and 2002.
Canada's third diamond mine, and Nunavut's first, was the Jericho mine, established 400 km northeast of Yellowknife by the Tahera Diamond Corporation. It was officially opened in August 2006.
In 2008, De Beers began production in two mines in Canada. The Snap Lake Mine, 220 km northeast of Yellowknife, was the company's first diamond mine established outside Africa and the first Canadian diamond mine completely underground. The Victor Mine, in the James Bay Lowlands of Northern Ontario, approximately 90 km west of the Attawapiskat First Nation, is an open pit mine and Ontario's first diamond mine.
Canada has become the third-largest diamond producer in the world, behind Botswana and Russia. Most importantly though, Canada's diamonds have a global reputation for being of high quality and for being "clean" - they do not finance terror, war or weapons as they do in some countries. Diamonds that contribute to such activities are referred to as "dirty" or "blood diamonds."


The Redmoor Project is located between the village of Kelly Bray and the town of Callington in southeast Cornwall, United Kingdom, approximately 25km by road from the city and port of Plymouth. The area has well-established infrastructure and is located in the world class Cornwall tin–tungsten–copper mineralised district. The project JORC resource was upgraded in Feb 2019 to an Inferred Mineral Resource of 11.7 Mt @ 1.17% Sn Eq
The Lochinvar Coking Coal Project is located on the Scottish and English borders. The project is consists of two adjacent licences known as Lochinvar and Lochinvar North. A third adjacent licence known as Lochinvar South is currently in the process of being renewed. A total coking coal resource of 111 Mt comprising 49 Mt Indicated Resource and 62 Mt Inferred Resource has been defined on the Lochinvar licence with a further 108-206Mt Exploration Target over the 3 licences.
The Otago Pioneer Quartz Gold Exploration Project is owned 100% by NAE and is located on South Island NZ, west of Dunedin. In January 2019, NAE was granted an Exploration Permit covering 71.55 km2 including the historic Otago Pioneer Quartz (OPQ) Gold Mine.


Potash Corp’s profit beats on higher potash sales; outlook misses
Date29 Jan 2015/
Potash Corp of Saskatchewan (POT.TO) (POT.N), the world’s biggest fertilizer company by market capitalization, reported higher-than-expected quarterly profit on strong potash sales, but its 2015 outlook disappointed.
Potash Corp sold 2.5 million tonnes of potash, the most ever in a fourth quarter and up 42 percent year over year. Its average realized potash price was $284 per tonne, up marginally from a year earlier.
Prices have been slow to recover since the breakup in mid-2013 of one of the world’s biggest potash traders, Belarusian Potash Company, but softer prices have stimulated demand.
Continue Reading on Reuters.com


What is Rockdusting?
Rockdusting is the practice of applying inert rock dust to the roof, ribs and floor of the mine to render accumulations of coal dust incombustible.
Visit the MSHA website for more information and regulations concerning rockdusting.
- Rail or Rubber Tire Mounted
- Hydraulic, Electric or Diesel Powered
- Bulk or Bag Fill
Click on selection below.
|HIGH PRESSURE DUSTERS||LOW PRESSURE DUSTERS||MECHANICAL DUSTERS|


Akanksha Kumari, a resident of Barkagaon in Hazaribagh district, has become Coal India's first woman mining engineer to work in an underground mine. Moreover, she is the second woman mining engineer in the Maharatna conglomerate Coal India Ltd (CIL). This is the first time when the core mining activity of one of the biggest coal mining companies in the world, will witness such a progressive step.On August 30, the 25-year-old was officially posted in Churi underground mines in the North Karanpura area of the Central Coalfields Limited (CCL), the public sector undertaking, Prahlad Joshi, union minister of coal, mines and parliamentary affairs congratulated Akanksha and highlighted the governments progressive initiative for promoting gender equality.An official statement by the CCL, said, The enormity of her achievement can be gauged by the fact that Akanksha is the second mining engineer in the Maharatna Conglomerate Coal India Limited and the first one to work in an underground coal mine.In a statement to The Telegraph, India, Kumari said, I developed a natural inquisitiveness towards mines and its activities since childhood, which encouraged me to opt for mining engineering at BIT Sindri in Dhanbad. I graduated in 2018. On August 25 this year, I formally joined CCL (HQ) and was posted in underground mines yesterday. None from my family has a background in the mining and coal sector but I thank them for their unflinching support that helped me follow my dreams.


Tag: International Copper Study Group
Lower prices for copper in February
| According to preliminary International Copper Study Group (ICSG) data, the refined copper market for February 2016 (excluding the adjustment for changes in China’s bonded stocks) showed a small apparent production surplus of around 24,000 metric tonnes (t). When making seasonal adjustments for world refined production and usage, February showed a small production deficit of 23,000 t.
ICSG states increase and surplus in January
| The International Copper Study Group (ICSG) released preliminary data for January 2016 world copper supply and demand in its April 2016 Copper Bulletin.


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Designing and building a Down the Hole Hammer, requires achieving two main features: drilling speed and durability. Optimizing these two parameters, under which a hammer is judged, requires facing hard technical challenges, in order to address conflicting design goals.
In addition, the different industries where hammers are used, usually involve very different rock formations. This means that meeting these two performance goals under such varying drilling contexts, is seldom achieved by a single tool, either a hammer or a drill bit.
Drillco’s design philosophy is to develop customized hammer lines, tuned to these different drilling conditions. Additionally, other performance parameters, pertinent to specific industries, such as directional control, back pressure handling, sample recovery and the like, pose additional design challenges for drilling hammers.
Our company strives to design its hammers in close collaboration with selected customers, who bring their extensive drilling experience and operational insight, providing invaluable design inputs for Drillco’s engineers.


Classification of industrial minerals allows to see how different minerals are classified according to their properties.
Industrial minerals are naturally occurring substances that are mined and processed for their commercial value and various industrial applications. These minerals are typically abundant in nature and are utilized in numerous industries due to their physical properties and chemical compositions.
Industrial minerals play a crucial role in the economy due to their natural occurrence and wide-ranging industrial applications. These minerals are commonly found in rock formations and other non-metallic substances. They possess significant economic value and are utilized across various industries. Each industrial mineral exhibits unique characteristics and physical properties, including insulation capacity, hardness, density, and fibrosity, catering to diverse industrial needs.
It’s important to note that industrial minerals differ from precious stones, metals, and energy minerals in terms of chemical composition and physical traits. While industrial minerals are essential for numerous industrial processes, precious stones, metals, and energy minerals serve distinct purposes and have varying properties. Additionally, non-fuel minerals and construction materials, such as sand and crushed stones, are not classified as industrial minerals. Despite sharing similarities in economic significance and extraction methods, they serve primarily in construction-related applications rather than industrial processes.
VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL MINERALS
There are plenty of industrial minerals that are used in manufacturing various products. Many of these products are used as a part of our daily lives. These minerals are as follows:
One of the most prominent and diverse minerals is Talc. Apart from that it has plenty of uses due to its great characteristics. The talcum powder that we all use almost every day is made up of talc. It is also used as a filler in plastics. Many cosmetics that are out in the market have a major ingredient talc. The best thing is that it absorbs moisture. The cosmetic industry cannot survive without this mineral. Whether it is the blush, powder, liquid makeup and other products. Apart from that the plastic, glass, ceramic and paper industry also use talc on a vast range. It is also used as a dusting agent and in the rubber industry as well.
The uses of silica are very diverse. It is one of the top notch materials that is used as an abrasive. Whether it is the glass, paints, coating and ceramic industry they cannot survive without it. Silica is used to purify water that we drink every day. Moreover, the pharmaceutical industry makes use of silica. Another important use of silica is in the food and beverage industry.
The country that has plenty of Bauxite holds a great importance in building up a great economy. It is used in the cement industry. Moreover, it helps in the production of aluminum.
Kaolin is used in the pharmaceutical industry. It is used to coat the paper and make it useable and glossy. This is why we mostly see the medicines packed in a glossy cover.
One of the most frequently used industrial minerals is gypsum. It has various uses like the construction of walls, tiles, and other products. Gypsum is used as a fertilizer in the agricultural industry and as a filler in the paper industry.
Feldspar is a naturally occurring alumino-silicate mineral containing potassium, sodium, calcium, and lithium. It is used in ceramics, glassmaking, and as a filler material in various products.
Limestone is heavily used in the process of water treatment and purification. It is also used a filler and binding agent.
Graphite is another wonderful industrial mineral that is used in the making of batteries, lubricants and polishes. It gives desirable results for many industries.
Bentonite is a clay mineral that consists of smectite minerals. It is formed by the decomposition of volcanic ash or tuff, or other igneous or sedimentary rocks. This is also employed in drilling muds, foundry casting, construction materials, and as a sealant in environmental applications.
Barite (baryte) is a mineral composed of barium sulfate. It is utilized in drilling fluids for oil and gas exploration, as well as in paints, plastics, and rubber.
Classification of Industrial minerals?
The classification of industrial minerals is based on various criteria, including their chemical composition, physical properties, and primary uses. While there is not a universally standardized classification system, industrial minerals can be broadly categorized into several groups like mentioned below:
Silicate minerals are the most abundant group and consist of silicon and oxygen atoms. They include minerals like quartz, feldspar, mica, and clay minerals. Silicates are widely used in industries such as glassmaking, ceramics, construction materials, and electronics.
Carbonate minerals are composed of carbonate ions bonded to metal cations. Examples include limestone (calcium carbonate) and dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate). These minerals are primarily utilized in the production of cement, concrete, and agricultural lime.
Sulfate minerals contain sulfate ions combined with various metal cations. Gypsum (calcium sulfate) and barite (barium sulfate) are common examples. Sulfate minerals find applications in construction materials, drilling fluids, and chemical manufacturing.
Oxide minerals consist of oxygen atoms combined with metal cations. Examples include hematite (iron oxide), rutile (titanium dioxide), and bauxite (aluminum oxide). Oxide minerals are essential for metal extraction, ceramics, pigments, and abrasives.
Halide minerals contain halogen ions (such as chloride or fluoride) combined with metal cations. Common examples include halite (rock salt) and fluorite (calcium fluoride). Halide minerals are utilized in chemical manufacturing, salt production, and water treatment.
Phosphate minerals contain phosphate ions combined with metal cations. Apatite is a significant phosphate mineral used in fertilizers, animal feed supplements, and the production of phosphoric acid.
Sulfide minerals consist of sulfur atoms bonded to metal cations. Examples include pyrite (iron sulfide) and galena (lead sulfide). Sulfide minerals are important for metal extraction, construction materials, and chemical manufacturing.
So are the main categories in which industrial minerals are classified. There is also a separate category that includes miscellaneous industrial minerals that do not fit into the above groups. Examples include talc, kaolin, asbestos, and zeolites. These minerals serve diverse applications, such as in plastics, paper, paints, and environmental remediation.
What is the Importance of Industrial Minerals?
Industrial minerals are of significant importance as they are naturally abundant on Earth. These minerals have diverse applications and hold economic value. Countries rich in these minerals enjoy numerous benefits, as they are essential for various industries. Different industries rely on specific minerals, and their absence can pose challenges to the survival of these industries. Nations endowed with natural mineral resources often have an advantage over others. For instance, on average, Americans consume 24 tons of these minerals annually, highlighting their crucial role in daily life. Common examples include talc, clay, limestone, potash, silica, barite, gypsum, and pumice.
Are minerals important for the environment?
Industrial minerals are essential for the economy and contribute to environmental protection. They play a crucial role in water purification and landscape preservation, helping to maintain a balanced ecosystem. Countries rich in these minerals also experience improved plant growth, supporting sustainable practices. As the demand for renewable energy grows, industrial minerals continue to play a vital role in fostering environmental sustainability and economic growth. If you need reliable mineral solutions, reach out to a reputable company for assistance.
In conclusion, industrial minerals play a vital role in various industries, contributing to economic growth and technological advancement. Their diverse applications and natural abundance make them indispensable for numerous manufacturing processes and everyday products. Moreover, industrial minerals also have environmental benefits, such as water purification and landscape preservation, which contribute to a balanced ecosystem. As the world continues to prioritize sustainability and environmental protection, the importance of industrial minerals becomes even more pronounced. If you’re seeking reliable solutions for industrial mineral procurement and utilization, Total System Solutions offers expert guidance and comprehensive services to meet your needs. Contact us today for tailored solutions and efficient mineral management.


The National Mineral Development Corporation Limited (NMDC) is a state-controlled mineral producer of the Government of India. It is fully owned by the Government of India and is under administrative control of the Ministry of Steel. NMDC founded on 1958 and its headquarters in Hyderabad, India. It is involved in the exploration of iron ore, copper, rock phosphate, limestone, dolomite, gypsum, bentonite, magnesite, diamond, tin, tungsten, graphite etc. It is India's largest iron ore producer and exporter producing about 30 million tons of iron ore from 3 fully mechanised mines in Chhatisgarh and Karnataka. It also operates the only mechanised diamond mine in the country at Panna in Madhya Pradesh. National Mineral Development Corporation Limited comes up with latest recruitment details on various post based on Education / Qualification for the interview process all over India.


EXPLODING ORE MOD
Ores that can be found in the Nether world!
We have added the following nether ores (Coal, Diamond, Emerald, Gold, Iron, Lapis, and Redstone) to the nether dimensions.
We will be disableing the following nether ores from generating in the nether (Emerald, Iron, Lapis, and Redstone) due to they don't fit in with the given biome. We will be keeping (Coal, Diamond, and Gold) ore in the nether though.
- Fixed a nether ore explosion bug.
- Fixed a nether ore xp bug.
- Added all kinds of nether ores.


Vein quartz occurrences of extreme purity with over 99 percent SiO2 are found in many parts of Sri Lanka as discordant veins and they are mainly confined to the central highlands. Vein quartz usually occurs on the surface as very large boulders and may cover areas of several hectares extending down to depths of tens of meters.
Vein quartz is one of the purest forms of naturally occurring quartz with almost 100% of free silica (SiO2). Free silica occurs in many other forms with varying degrees of purity. Vein quartz, owing to its high purity and the crystallinity of quartz, generally exhibits excellent colour, clarity, hardness, piezoelectric properties, low thermal expansion, refractoriness, inertness and high thermal conductivity.
BBMSL has already obtained these world-class vein quartz deposits and the average purity of our alfresco quartz samples could reach over 99.5%, with the purest being around 99.8% analyzed and examined by SGS. And these high purity quartz deposits are the most needed high class raw material in the high tech arena of the world.


You’re ready to create high class weapons and armor? You first need to find the materials to do so! Here are our hotspots for finding Starmetal in New World.
Starmetal Locations by Region
Starmetal ore is crucial to creating tier 3 weapons, armor and tools in New Worlds. Even though the ore can be harvested once you reach level 100, you will need to use a settlement with a tier 4 smelter to refine the ore into ingots. Not all regions are created equal when it comes to finding starmetal ore, the higher level zones tend to have higher quantities of deposits to mine from. Here is the location of every starmetal deposit we’ve found so far.


Mining jobs have been around since the dawn of civilization and are still a vital part of many economies today. Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, reef, or placer deposit.
Mining jobs in WA typically involve working with heavy machinery and hazardous materials in conditions that are often harsh and dangerous. Despite these challenges, mining is an important industry that offers a wide range of rewarding career opportunities for those looking to work in this sector.
Types of Mining Jobs
Mining is a booming industry, with many different types of jobs available. From underground miners to surface miners to mine managers and supervisors, there are plenty of job opportunities in the mining sector. Here’s a look at some of the most common types of mining jobs available.
Underground miners are responsible for extracting minerals and other materials from underground mines. They use heavy equipment such as drills and explosives to break up rock so that it can be removed from the mine site. Underground miners must have safety training and physical strength as they work in cramped conditions with heavy machinery.
Surface miners work on open-pit mines or quarries that require excavation from above ground level rather than below ground level as an underground mine does. Surface miners use large machines such as bulldozers, excavators, front-end loaders, and dump trucks to move earth and rock so that ore can be extracted from the open pit mine sites.
Surface mining is also much more dangerous than underground mining due to the potential for rockslides or debris falling into an open pit mine site which could cause injury or death if not monitored properly by highly trained personnel onsite constantly throughout operations.
Education and Training Requirements for Mining Jobs
Mining jobs are a great way to gain valuable experience in the energy and natural resources industry. However, they come with specific education and training requirements that must be met before you can pursue a career in mining.
First, most entry-level positions in mining require at least a high school diploma or equivalent. If you’re looking for more advanced positions such as mineral processing or engineering roles, you may need to obtain additional qualifications such as an associate’s degree or higher from an accredited college or university.
In addition to academic qualifications, many mining jobs also require specialized skills related to the equipment and processes used in the industry. For example, operators of heavy machinery need special certification that is only available through specific courses offered by approved training centers. Other specialized areas of knowledge may include safety protocols, environmental regulations, and geological studies.
Furthermore, many employers prefer candidates who have experience working onsite at mines or related facilities since this demonstrates their understanding of the physical demands of such roles as well as their familiarity with standard practices and procedures used within the industry. Aspiring miners should look into internships that can help them gain this type of direct experience while learning more about what is required for success in the field.
Salaries in the Mining Industry
The mining industry is an important part of the global economy, providing a variety of jobs and resources to countries around the world. As such, the salaries in this sector can vary depending on location and type of job. This article will explore what miners earn on average, as well as some of the factors influencing these wages.
Mining is a physically demanding job that requires long hours and hard work. As a result, it pays well with many miners earning upwards of six figures annually. According to PayScale, experienced mine operators earn an average salary of $78,000 per year in the United States while skilled drillers make around $90,000 per year. These wages are significantly higher than those earned by other occupations such as janitors and retail clerks who make only about $30-35K annually on average.
It should be noted that salaries for miners vary widely based on experience level and type of job being performed. Those working underground in hazardous conditions may expect to earn substantially more than those doing administrative work at surface-level operations since they risk their safety daily for their paychecks.
Additionally, different locations have different wage scales; workers in remote areas tend to receive higher compensation than those employed closer to urban centers due to cost-of-living differences.
Job Outlook for the Mining Industry
The mining industry is one of the oldest and most important industries in the world. It provides many of the raw materials used in everyday life and is a major contributor to the global economy. As a result, it’s no surprise that job prospects in this sector are expected to remain strong over the next decade.
According to a recent report by Deloitte Access Economics, employment in mining will grow by about 5 percent between 2020 and 2029. This growth rate is slightly higher than what was expected for other sectors of the economy during the same period, which makes it an attractive option for those seeking steady employment.
The job outlook for miners is particularly positive due to increasing demand from countries like China and India as well as rising prices for commodities such as copper and iron ore. In addition, technological advances have made mining more efficient than ever before, allowing companies to extract more resources from existing mines with fewer people on staff.
In order to take advantage of these opportunities, individuals interested in working in mining should consider obtaining specialized training or certification related to different aspects of this industry such as safety protocols or environmental regulations.
Additionally, having experience with technology-driven operations can help miners stand out when applying for jobs within this sector since automation has become increasingly common.
In conclusion, mining jobs are an important part of the global economy. They provide valuable resources for industry and economic development, as well as job security for those who choose to pursue them. Mining jobs offer competitive salaries and benefits, but also require hard work and dedication. The health risks associated with mining should not be overlooked, but with proper safety protocols in place, these risks can be minimized.
As long as demand remains high for the resources provided by mining operations, there will continue to be a need for qualified individuals to fill these positions.


About Strategic Initiatives
To meet our mission of delivering integrated research solutions, NRRI is focused on three strategic initiatives that address the challenges of Minnesota’s resource-based economy. These initiatives are bold and long-term efforts to create the economy of the future by incorporating diverse expertise across NRRI, the University system and with our partners.
NRRI's Iron and Minerals of the Future initiative focuses research to assist Minnesota’s evolving mineral industries to develop a robust and competitive portfolio of value-add iron and other mineral products. This requires new practices and technologies that increase efficiencies, reduce energy and water consumption and prevent environmental contamination.
After some 140 years of mining, the iron ore on the Mesabi Range is getting deeper and more expensive to mine. At the same time, energy costs are going up and markets are changing, along with concerns about environmental impacts. NRRI is helping Minnesota’s Iron Range prepare for changing mining practices and processes to meet the demands of changing ore bodies and develop a broader, iron-based product portfolio.
This Initiative is a collaborative effort to develop and introduce a portfolio of practices, processes, iron and non-ferrous products that require less energy and water while also reducing effluents. The goal is to provide research and development into areas that iron ore mining companies don’t have the resources to fully investigate and to reduce their risk in making changes.
- Value-added byproduct use for road maintenance products
- Evaluate uses for iron mining waste piles
- New processing technologies for ore mixes of magnetite, goethite and hematite
- New processes for higher value Direct Reduced Grade (DRG) and Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) products for Electric Arc Furnace steel production
- Technical assistance for developing iron ore potential in long-term battery storage
- Minnesota’s Taconite Industries
- Supporting Industries
- Natural Resources Agency Partners
- Tribal Nations
- Iron Range Communities
Iron and Minerals of the Future Programs
Researching regional materials that can be used for economic and/or industrial purposes. Economic Geology program is the center for economic geology studies and mineral resource characterization in the University of Minnesota system.
Defining mineral characterization through the spatial distribution of materials and mineral geologic properties and how that relates to extraction of commodity materials.
Continued investment in assets and capabilities to support regional mineral industry development.
Focusing on Minnesota’s ore bodies to understand the most optimal process for extracting metals for a variety of iron products.
Researching technologies to separate materials from our mineral resources with the least amount of waste or and environmental impact.
Developing next generation taconite pellets to help Minnesota's ore processing industry to prepare for the future.
Seeking to find beneficial use of mineral-based secondary products generated by mining and other industrial activities,
Iron and Minerals of the Future Projects
Online mapping tools and data for natural resource planning, management, and research in Minnesota.
Developing a durable road repair patch utilizing taconite tailings, the waste rock left over from the iron ore mines on Minnesota's Iron Range.
U.S. Department of Energy and NRRI fund project to develop biocarbon to replace fossil carbon in steelmaking process
Sustainability meets mining industry for this minerals engineer from India.
Favorite five 2023 stories about NRRI research addressing climate change challenges.
NRRI plays key role in collecting critical minerals data for USGS Earth Mapping Resources Initiative.


Metallic and nonmetallic deposits of Wyoming and adjacent areas1983 conference proceedings
- 116 Pages
- 3.33 MB
- 198 Downloads
Geological Survey of Wyoming , Laramie, Wyo
Mines and mineral resources -- Wyoming -- Congresses., Mines and mineral resources -- West (U.S.) -- Congre
Wyoming, West (
|Statement||edited by Sheila Roberts.|
|Series||Public information circular ;, no. 25, Public information circular (Geological Survey of Wyoming) ;, no. 25.|
|Contributions||Roberts, Sheila M., Geological Survey of Wyoming., University of Wyoming. Dept. of Geology and Geophysics., Wyoming Geological Association.|
|LC Classifications||TN24.W8 M48 1986|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||v, 116 p. :|
|LC Control Number||86621805|
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Metallic and Nonmetallic Deposits of Wyoming and Adjacent Areas, Conference Proceedings [Sheila Roberts, Editor] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Metallic and Nonmetallic Deposits of Wyoming and Adjacent Areas, Conference Proceedings.
Genesis and Exploration of Metallic and Nonmetallic Mineral and Ore Deposits of Wyoming and Adjacent Areas Paperback – January 1, by the geological survey of wyoming (Author)Author: the geological survey of wyoming.
The Genesis of Uranium Deposits Origin and Characteristics of Wyoming Bentonite Deposits Mineral Deposits Associated with Alkaline Intrusive complexes: Examples from Wyoming, Colorado, Montana, and California. Genesis and exploration of metallic and nonmetallic mineral and ore deposits of Wyoming and adjacent areas: (extended abstracts).
Metallic and nonmetallic deposits of Wyoming and adjacent areas. Laramie, Wyo.: Geological Survey of Wyoming, (OCoLC) Material Type: Government publication, State or province government publication, Internet resource: Document Type: Book, Internet Resource: All Authors / Contributors: Sheila M Roberts; Geological Survey of Wyoming.
Roberts, Shiela, ed.,Metallic and Nonmetallic Deposits of Wyoming and Adjacent Areas, Conference Proceedings: Geological Survey of Wyoming [Wyoming State Geological Survey] Public Information Circu p., 1 pl. Part or all of this report is presented in Portable Document Format (PDF).
For best results viewing and printing PDF documents, it is recommended that you download the documents to your computer and open them with Adobe Reader. Houston, R.S.,"Wyoming Precambrian Province-example of the evolution of mineral deposits through time?", in Sheila Roberts, (ed), Metallic and Nonmetallic deposits of Wyoming and Adjacent Areas, Conference Proceedings: Geological Survey of Wyoming Author: The Gem Hunter.
South Pass is Wyoming's principal gold area & produced nearly all gold mined in the past. But, geologist Dan Hausel (the GemHunter) found supporting evidence for a major gold deposit at the Carissa mine & several significant gold anomalies throughout the South Pass-Atlantic City-Miners Delight and the Lewiston : The Gem Hunter.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN METALLIC AND NON-METALLIC MINERALS DEPOSITS 21 November Prof. H.Z. Harraz Presentation Nonmetallic Deposits 33 Metallic Minerals Non-Metallic Minerals Metallic mineral are those minerals which can be melted to obtain new products. Non-metallic minerals are those which do not yield new products on melting.
Information on most of Wyoming’s gold and precious metals deposits can be found in the following recommended publications by the Wyoming State Geological Survey: Hausel, W.D.,The geology of Wyoming’s precious metal lode and placer deposits: Geological Survey of Wyoming [Wyoming State Geological Survey] WSGS Bulle p., 6 pls.
Most metallic ore deposits are a result of plate tectonic activity. High heat flows and convection currents at divergent plate boundaries, such as midoceanic ridges, create submarine hot springs called black smokers that deposit solid masses of metallic minerals.
Description Metallic and nonmetallic deposits of Wyoming and adjacent areas EPUB
These are important environments for the deposition of iron, copper, zinc, lead. South Pass is Wyoming's principal gold area & produced nearly all gold mined in the past.
But, geologist Dan Hausel (the GemHunter) found supporting evidence for a major gold deposit at the Carissa mine & several significant gold anomalies throughout the South Pass-Atlantic City-Miners Delight and the Lewiston districts.
Wyoming's mineral deposits occur in various physiographic areas - areas that are characterized by north-trending, roughly arcuate mountain ranges separated by broad basins. Only about 10 to 15 percent of the state'ssurface area is formed by Precambrian-cored uplifts and Tertiary vol canics.
The remaining areas are broad basins filledFile Size: 6MB. mf / geol. map of anorthosite areas, wyoming, $ 10 mf / prelim. geol. map, hulett creek uranium mining area, crook co., wy, $ 10 mf / preliminary tectonic map of wyoming east of the overthrust belt, showing the distribution of uranium deposits, wyoming, $ A variety of metallic and non-metallic mineral deposit types occur within Archean and Proterozoic rocks in the area encompassing the Lake Nipigon Region Geoscience Initiative.
Archean deposit types Cited by: 4. Essentially, all of this information is discussed and described in a page book entitled, Gold: Field Guide for Prospectors & Geologists (Wyoming & Adjacent Areas) available at Amazon. The book is rated 5 stars and will tell you about the geology and mining history of hundreds of gold prospects, mines and anomalies.
Genesis and Exploration of Metallic and Nonmetallic Mineral and Ore Deposits of Wyoming and Adjacent Areas (Extended Abstracts) () Compare Geologic Field Tours of Western Wyoming and Parts of Adjacent Idaho, Montana, and Utah ().
Introduction An Introduction to Egyptian Ore Deposits is to geologists. This course provides a non-technical introduction to the basic concepts of: Earth Resources in Egypt Metallic ore deposits Non-metallic Mineral Deposits With numerous examples, figures and images of deposits and mining.
Also included are some key aspects of the economics of. MAPS SHOWING METALLIC MINERAL DISTRICTS AND MINES IN THE BLACK HILLS, SOUTH DAKOTA AND WYOMING By Anna B. Wilson and Ed DeWitt INTRODUCTION The Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming contain a wealth of mineral deposits that range in age from Early Proterozoic or Late Archean to Quaternary and in type from iron-formation to : A.B.
Wilson, Ed DeWitt. Kirwin Mineralized Area Park Cty Wyoming Mining Geology. Price $ Add To Cart Lost Mines and Buried Treasures of Old Wyoming. Price $ Out of stock Metallic and Nonmetallic Deposits of Wyoming Mining. Price $ Ore Deposits of Wyoming Mining Gold Silver Geology book.
Metallic minerals C14 Nonmetallic minerals C15 Energy minerals C15 Oil and natural gas C16 References cited C17 Appendix C19 PLATE [Plate is in pocket] 1.
Map showing mineral resource potential, geology, and prospects of the Ferris Mountains Wilderness Study Area FIGURES 1. Index map showing location of the Ferris Mountains Wilderness Study Area C2Author: Mitchell W. Reynolds, John T. Neubert. Volume 17 consists of the present book and two accompanying atlas sheets comprising geological and mineral occurrences maps of Timor-Leste on the scaleThe book contains an overview of background data and economic outlook for Timor-Leste, geology and tectonic setting, mineral and hydrocarbon resources and theirFile Size: 8MB.
Figure shows a relationship between oxygen content and the volume fraction (in %) of non-metallic inclusions for various weld metals. A rather large scatter in the older data due to Widgery (39) is almost certainly contributed to by the variation in the S-content of the weld newer data due to Kluken and Grong (40) show a reasonably good relationship, and in general there is some.
The USGS Mineral Resources Program (MRP) delivers unbiased science and information to increase understanding of mineral resource potential, production, and consumption, and how mineral resources interact with the environment. The MRP is the Federal Government’s sole source for this mineral resource science and information.
Metallic mineral resources (6 items) Nonmetallic mineral resources (4 items) Related topics: Economic geology. Mineralogy. developed by the authors as a result of reviewing all available data and drawing boundaries that they thought included areas that might contain selected deposit types.
(The deposit types include both. MRDS describes metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources throughout the world. Included are deposit name, location, commodity, deposit description, geologic characteristics, production, reserves, resources, and references. Guide to geophysical data for the northern Rocky Mountains and adjacent areas, Idaho, Montana, Washington, Oregon, and.
You get a comprehensive overview of the geology, tectonic evolution, and mineral resources of Alaska and adjacent areas of the continental margin.
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Plates include state-wide maps showing geology, physiography, lithotectonic terranes, metamorphic rocks, igneous rocks, sedimentary basins, isotopic age data, neotectonics, isostatic gravity.
Summary terrane, mineral deposit, and metallogenic belt maps of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera. This CD-ROM publication provides a GIS analysis of a summary terrane map, mineral deposit maps, and metallogenic belt maps for the Russian Far East, Alaska, Canadian Cordillera and adjacent offshore areas.
Mineral resources of the Laramie Peak study area, Albany and Converse Counties, Wyoming: an evaluation of the mineral potential of the area.
Details Metallic and nonmetallic deposits of Wyoming and adjacent areas EPUB
[Includes geologic and magnetic intensity map]. Wyoming Gemstones Gemstones. Gemstone is a broad term encompassing any mineral that is attractive enough, after being cut and polished, to be used for personal us (gem) and semiprecious (near-gem) are relative terms that distinguish more valuable stones from less valuable stones relative to prevailing markets.
A brief examination of the Wyoming State Geologic Map gives .Mineral deposit areas with Montana. scientists have completed an assessment of the mineral-resource potential of nearly 10 million acres of Federal and adjacent lands in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming.
The assessment of these lands, identifie MRDS describes metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources throughout the.The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information.
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The Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure (MoEI) received a delegation from the Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology (BRIUG) at its headquarters in Abu Dhabi.
Khalid Al Hosani, Director of the Department of Geology and Mineral Resources of the Ministry of Interior, welcomed the delegation and expressed gratitude for their interest in partnering with the ministry on mining initiatives.
The meeting served as a platform to review the ministry’s mineral resources strategy and discuss possible opportunities for collaboration in geology and mining.
He BRIUG The delegation showed several regional projects and highlighted their experience in cutting-edge technologies for geophysical, geological and energy exploration.
News source: Emirates News Agency


Sumitomo Corporation enters agreement to sell its interest in Batu Hijau Copper/Gold Mine
01 July 16, 12:00 am
On June 30th, Sumitomo Corporation (Head office: Tokyo, President/CEO: Kuniharu Nakamura) (“Sumitomo Corp”) has entered into a binding share sale and purchase agreement with PT Amman Mineral Internasional (Head office: Indonesia) to sell all of its interests (18.2 percent) in PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara (“PTNNT”), which is currently held through its subsidiary Nusa Tenggara Mining Corporation of Japan.
Sumitomo Corp invested in PTNNT in 1997, which owns the Batu Hijau Copper Gold mine along with other concessions on Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. This sale will be carried out along with Newmont Mining Corporation (Head office: USA) ("Newmont") which is the major shareholder.
Closing is anticipated in the third quarter (July-September) of 2016 after the receipt of regulatory approvals and satisfaction of conditions precedent.


Sand Gravel Pump
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8) Frame Base –A very robust one piece frame cradles the cartridge type bearing and shaft assembly. An external impeller adjustment mechanism is provided below the bearing housing for easy adjustment of impeller clearance.


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Mining and Minerals Construction and Mechanical Contracting
Lorneville is one of northeastern North America’s most trusted construction and mechanical contractors in the mining and minerals industry. We have successfully completed major projects for companies like Vale, TATA Steel Minerals, and PotashCorp. Whether you are planning a new mine construction, a mine or facility expansion, the installation of new equipment, or the maintenance and repair of an existing plant, Lorneville has the experience and expertise to successfully execute your project on schedule and on budget.
Lorneville has participated in a variety of high profile construction, repair, and upgrade projects in the mining and minerals industry. We were contracted to fabricate and install process piping in the new mine air building during the PCS Picadilly Mine expansion. We are also responsible for the construction of the Primary and Secondary Sizing Crushing units and their associated material handling equipment at TATA Steel’s DSO Timmins Site. Our success is largely due to our Project Core Teams, who are responsible for establishing the right team of engineers and labourers to ensure these projects go off without a hitch.
We have a firm understanding of the unique logistical challenges that accompany construction and mechanical contracting in the mining and minerals industry. We have experience completing multiple projects in remote locations, and have qualified staff available to travel to remote project sites. We have proudly worked alongside our Indigenous Partners to successfully complete numerous past projects.
Lorneville is committed to safety. On large mining and mineral projects with hundreds of workers performing potentially dangerous tasks, an institutional devotion to safety best practices is critical. However, it’s just as important to be innovative when safety best practices aren’t good enough. Lorneville has a history of taking all necessary steps to help workers avoid injury in every aspect of a project.


The Espedalen Project is approximately 50km north-west of Lillehammer in southern central Norway, 3 hours north of Oslo. The project is well served with transport infrastructure, being accessible by tarmac roads and close to rail links to ports in southern Norway and to Glencore’s Nikkelverk nickel refinery 350km to the south.
The nickel mineralisation at the Espedalen Project is hosted within differentiated mafic and ultramafic bodies which have intruded anorthositic country rocks. The mafic and ultramafic rocks are collectively referred to as the “Espedalen Complex” and range in age from 1698 – 1250 Ma. This age range is similar to the age of the rocks hosting the giant Voisey’s Bay nickel deposit in Labrador, Canada. Further evidence supporting the analogy between Espedalen and Voisey’s Bay are tectonic plate reconstructions which place southern Norway and Labrador in relatively close proximity during the time of formation of Voisey’s Bay and with the two regions undergoing similar tectonic developments.
Mining in the area dates from 1666 when copper was discovered in the Espedalen valley and mined intermittently until 1750. Nickel mining occurred between 1848 and 1918 from several small mines. The Veslegruva mine, from which approximately 3,500t of nickel ore was extracted, is located in the south west of the Espedalen Project area and is accessible today. Total production from the Espedalen region is estimated at 100,000 tonnes @ 1.0% Ni, 0.4% Cu and 0.6% Co.
The next phase of exploration at Espedalen commenced in 1960 and continued through until 1980. Sulfidmalm and Norsk Hydro drilled 44 holes following up on targets generated from a helicopter magnetic / electromagnetic survey and geological mapping.
In 2003, Falconbridge Limited was granted tenements in the Espedalen valley following which ground and airborne electromagnetic surveys were undertaken, generating numerous drill targets. In 2004, Falconbridge concluded a joint venture agreement with Blackstone Ventures Limited. Between 2004 and 2008, Blackstone drilled 134 drill holes across the Espedalen project area, defining significant accumulations of nickel sulphides at the Stormyra and Dalen prospects and generating numerous other quality prospects.
In 2009, Blackstone published an NI 43-101 report detailing Mineral Resources at the Stormyra and Dalen prospects. Following the fallout from the Global Financial Crisis, Blackstone relinquished the Espedalen Project in 2011. ASX listed Drake Resources Limited (now renamed Ragnar Metals Limited) acquired the Espedalen Project in 2012 by pegging open ground. Drake undertook a detailed assessment of all previous work including re-estimating the Mineral Resources at Stormyra and Dalen prospects in accordance with JORC (2012).
The Mineral Resource at the Stormyra prospect was defined as 1.16Mt @ 1% Ni, 0.42% Cu, 0.04% Co, at a US$100/t gross metal value cut-off and was classified as Inferred in accordance with JORC (2012).
The Mineral Resource at Dalen prospect has been defined at 7.8Mt @ 0.28% Ni, 0.12% Cu, 0.02% Co, at a US$40/t gross metal value cut-off and was classified as Inferred in accordance with JORC (2012).
The Dalen Mineral Resource was calculated from drilling and assay data generated solely from diamond drill holes. A total of 33 drill holes for 5018m were included in the Dalen prospect database and 27 of these drill holes used in the mineral resource estimate.
It has been assumed that mining of the Stormyra Mineral Resource would be via a selective underground mining scenario due to the mostly narrow true widths and moderate dip of the mineralisation. It has been assumed that the Dalen Mineral Resource would likely be a bulk mining scenario as the extensive true widths and lateral extents are amenable for such operations.
No metallurgical work has been undertaken to date on the Stormyra and Dalen Mineral Resources and no assumptions have been made regarding processing methodologies. However, limited metallurgical test work has been completed on two samples from the nearby Megrund prospect. This test work was carried out by Lakefield in Canada in the 1970’s. The best results obtained from this work produced a concentrate assaying 15% Ni and 5.3% Cu, with recoveries in the range 75-79%. Metallurgical results can be expected to improve with further test work.
The Stormyra and Dalen Mineral Resources, above their respective cut-off’s of US$100/t GMV and US$40/t GMV, have been classified as Inferred, in accordance with JORC (2012), due to the wide spaced drilling, uncertainty in bulk density determinations, and the incomplete sampling of available drill core. The gross metal value calculation for the cut-offs, used to estimate the Stormyra and Dalen Mineral Resources, utilised metal prices of US$7.71/lb for Ni, US$2.2/lb for Cu and US$7.71 for Co. Pursuit is planning to re-estimate the Mineral Resources utilising current metal prices as that will influence the overall size and grade of the mineralisation above an economic cut-off.
In addition to defining JORC (2012) compliant mineral resources at Stormyra and Dalen, Drake identified 10 prospects where drilling by Blackstone had intersected at least 5m @ >1% Ni and that these prospects had not been followed up with further drilling. Prior to drill testing either the potential extensions of the Mineral Resources at Stormyra and Dalen, or drill testing any of the prospects of >5m @ >1% Ni, Drake dropped the Espedalen project tenements in 2015. These 10 quality targets warrant follow up drilling.
EMX were granted tenements covering the Espedalen Project in February 2018 and undertook a detailed compilation of all the past mineral exploration and drilling data. EMX recognised that the Stormyra Mineral Resource is not closed off and a number of intersections warrant follow up drilling, to determine if the Mineral Resource can be expanded, including:
- 21.1m @ 1.75% Ni, 0.66% Cu & 0.06% Co from 64m in hole ES2005-20
- 7.1m @ 2.68% Ni, 1.26% Cu & 0.08% Co from 29.3m in hole ES2005-22
- 14.6m @ 1.74% Ni, 0.79% Cu & 0.06% Co from 80.4m in hole ES2004-09
The Stormyra Mineral Resource contains a high-grade core, with drill intersections of up to 2.9% Ni. The high-grade core is not fully defined by drilling. Additional investigation of this high-grade core is warranted along with drill testing a ground geophysical conductor, directly associated with the nickel mineralisation, which extends 500m to the south-east of the currently defined limits of the Stormyra Mineral Resource.
At the Megrund prospect, nine holes were previously drilled, a number of which justify follow up drilling including:
- 117m @ 0.31% Ni & 0.12% Cu (Hole ES 07 101)
- 56m @ 0.72% Ni & 0.22% Cu (Hole 17)
- 54m @ 0.36% Ni & 0.14% Cu (Hole 25)
- 36m @ 0.57% Ni & 0.24% Cu (Hole 6)
On the Espedalen Project, Pursuit will focus its assessment and exploration activities on the following:
- Assess the potential to expand the high-grade core of the Stormyra Inferred Mineral Resource
- Test a number of the targets of >5m @ >1% Ni
- Assess the potential to define a maiden Inferred Mineral Resource from the existing drill holes at the Megrund prospect


Mineral Properties and Uses
Arsenopyrite and milky quartz on limestone from the Smith Vein, Carrock Mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumberland, Cumbria, England. Specimen is approximately 8.8 x 6.2 x 4.8 centimeters in size. Specimen and photo by Arkenstone / www.iRocks.com.
What is Arsenopyrite?
Arsenopyrite is an iron arsenic sulfide mineral with a chemical composition of FeAsS. It is the most abundant arsenic mineral and the primary ore of arsenic metal. In addition to being found in deposits that are large enough to be minable, arsenopyrite is widely distributed. However, it usually occurs in such small amounts and in such small particle sizes that it is easily overlooked. It is associated with other sulfide minerals in organic-rich sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks, and igneous rocks in many parts of the world.
Physical Properties of Arsenopyrite
|Color||Silvery-white to steel gray|
|Mohs Hardness||5.5 to 6|
|Specific Gravity||5.9 to 6.2|
|Diagnostic Properties||High specific gravity. A slight odor of garlic might be noticed when arsenopyrite is crushed, broken or scraped across a streak plate. A garlic odor is also released when arsenopyrite is heated to a temperature that causes alteration. The fumes produced by heating can be toxic.|
|Chemical Composition||Iron arsenic sulfide, FeAsS|
|Uses||The primary ore of arsenic metal. Arsenic is toxic to many organisms, and that is its role in insecticides, herbicides, pesticides, chemical weapons and other poisons. Arsenic metal is used to produce specialty alloys. Oxides of arsenic are used to make pigments. Modern organic compounds are displacing arsenic from many of its traditional uses.|
Much of the arsenopyrite that has been mined formed as a high-temperature mineral in hydrothermal veins. It is often mined, together with other metallic minerals, from veins that might contain gold, silver, lead, tungsten, or tin. In these deposits arsenopyrite usually occurs in a granular massive form. It is often intergrown with other sulfide minerals such as chalcopyrite, galena, pyrrhotite, pyrite, and sphalerite; precious metals such as gold and silver; or other minerals such as scheelite, cassiterite, and quartz.
Arsenopyrite has also been mined from sulfide deposits formed by contact metamorphism. It is occasionally found in pegmatites. Well-formed crystals of arsenopyrite are most often found in pegmatites and in carbonate rocks that have been altered by contact metamorphism.
Significant amounts of arsenopyrite have been produced from deposits in Germany, England, Bolivia, Japan, Greece, Spain, Sweden, Mexico, and Japan. In North America deposits are located in Ontario, Canada, and in South Dakota, New Jersey, and New Hampshire in the United States.
Arsenopyrite and Glaucodot
In some deposits, cobalt will substitute for some of the iron in the arsenopyrite crystal structure. This produces a solid solution series between arsenopyrite (FeAsS) and glaucodot ((Co,Fe)AsS).
Arsenopyrite: Massive granular arsenopyrite from Gold Hill, Utah. Specimen is approximately 10 centimeters across.
Weathering of Arsenopyrite
Arsenopyrite is unstable in most environments of Earth's surface. It easily alters from its silver-white or steel-gray color to yield a bronze to brown tarnish. If a geologist strikes the mineral with a hammer to view a fresh surface or does a streak test, an odor of garlic might be detected. This is a characteristic of many arsenic minerals and a clue that arsenopyrite might be present.
Arsenopyrite often oxidizes to form scorodite, a hydrated iron arsenate mineral with a chemical composition of FeAsO4.2H2O. Scorodite often weathers to limonite, an amorphous, hydrated iron oxide of variable composition. In areas where mining has exposed large amounts of sulfide ores, arsenopyrite can be a contributor to acid mine drainage problems.
Arsenopyrite as a Source of Gold
Arsenopyrite sometimes contains gold that is so small that it cannot be detected with a hand lens. This "invisible gold" can sometimes be recovered in economic quantities by crushing the ore, concentrating the heavy fraction, and treating the heavy fraction with cyanide to dissolve the gold.
The "invisible gold" occurs in two forms: 1) tiny particles of elemental gold; and, 2) gold that is chemically bound within the arsenopyrite. Elemental gold exposed by crushing can be removed with the cyanide. The chemically bound gold is more difficult to remove without smelting.
The best way to learn about minerals is to study with a collection of small specimens that you can handle, examine, and observe their properties. Inexpensive mineral collections are available in the Store.
Arsenopyrite By Other Names
The name “arsenopyrite” is a contraction of “arsenical pyrites,” an archaic name used for the mineral. “Mispickel” is another name for arsenopyrite.
Uses of Arsenopyrite and Arsenic
Arsenopyrite is the primary ore of arsenic metal, which is used to produce alloys. It was historically used to harden lead in ammunition, but this use has declined in the past few decades.
Much arsenic is recovered by smelting in the form of arsenious oxide. This is used to produce a variety of insecticides, herbicides, pesticides, and chemical weapons. Arsenic compounds are also used in medicines, as pigments in paints, and to produce color in fireworks and glass.


The all-electric gold mine in Northern Ontario is greening the mining industry, with the help of homegrown expertise and the province’s end-to-end supply chain In 2016, when Newmont announced that it would build the world’s first all-electric underground gold mine near Borden Lake in Northern Ontario, the global mining industry took notice. “For a number of reasons going all-electric at an underground mine makes a lot of sense,” says John Mullally, Newmont’s Senior Director of Sustainability and External Relations. “When you’re operating hundreds, even thousands, of metres below the surface, electric equipment significantly improves working conditions by eliminating diesel particulate matter and other gases from the air—reducing energy costs, protecting employee health and minimizing impacts to the environment.” Newmont, convinced that all-electric is the way to cleaner, quieter, safer and more profitable mines—that are also inclusive of the communities around them—was determined to get a leg-up. With its ground-breaking technologies, Newmont’s Borden gold mine is invisible to nearby cottagers and First Nations communities. The Colorado-based mining giant knew there would be myriad challenges, from mine design to infrastructure and equipment. The Borden mine, which is small by Newmont’s standards, presented the perfect prototype, allowing for the development, testing and deployment of new technologies, many of which didn’t even exist at the time. Once they were commercialized, Newmont could scale them up for other sites around the world. Made in Ontario mining expertise It wasn’t just Borden’s size that attracted Newmont: Ontario offered the world’s largest gold mining company a number of critical advantages, starting with access to expertise in all aspects of underground mining. Whether it’s manufacturers, engineers, miners or energy producers, Ontario has all the components in the value chain. “Ontario has developed a cluster of mines and mining expertise that is leading the world in underground electrification,” says Mullally. Home-grown companies like MacLean Engineering, Miller Technology and Kovatera—as well as international players like Sandvik with operations in the province—are designing and building custom-made solutions for some of the biggest names in mining, including Glencore, Kirkland Lake Gold, Vale—and Newmont. And they’re as committed to the vision of a profitable, all-electric mine as Newmont is. Ontario also offers access to a deep pipeline of talent. Nineteen of Ontario’s 22 universities and 24 colleges have world-class mining, geology and engineering programs, and the industry is supported by a number of R&D institutes focused on underground mining. Says Mullally, “Although this area of Northern Ontario is new to mining and processing, we’ve had lots of interest from potential employees.” Government committed to the future of “green” mining Rounding out the province’s advantages is strong government support. “We worked closely with the Ontario government in collaboration with local First Nations communities to permit the mine, and we were able to bring it in on time and on budget.” Because Ontario is determined to be at the leading edge of the low carbon economy, Newmont was also able to access funding for the Borden mine from the TargetGHG Program. Operating through the Ontario Centre of Innovation, TargetGHG supports collaboration between industry emitters and innovation companies providing solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Newmont qualified because its electric mining equipment will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 70% over a comparable diesel mine. Mullally says that in addition to the government and its partner companies, MacLean Engineering and Sandvik, Newmont has benefited from close collaboration with all three neighbouring First Nations, as well as other mining companies in Northern Ontario with which it’s shared information. Production at the $250 million mine began in November 2019, and today, Mullally says that Borden is 85% of the way to its goal of complete electrification. The one exception is the 40-tonne production truck that carries the ore from underground to the surface, but the company is still committed to its all-electric vision. As for whether other global mining companies are following Newmont’s lead, Mullally maintains, there’s a very strong business case to go all-electric as we continue to dig deeper for “gold.” Looking to electrify your mining operations or procure underground battery electric vehicles? Please contact the Ministry of Energy, Northern Development and Mines.