They say ‘knowledge is power,’ but when it comes to geothermal energy, minerals play a crucial role in both the construction and cost.
As an expert in the field, I’ll delve into the intricate connection between minerals and the affordability of geothermal energy.
From rare earth elements to lithium and silica, these minerals impact the efficiency, sustainability, and pricing of this renewable energy source.
Get ready to uncover the hidden gems that shape the cost of geothermal energy.
- Minerals such as silica, feldspar, mica, barite, and bentonite play a critical role in the construction and long-term performance of geothermal power plants.
- The efficiency of geothermal energy production can be affected by mineral composition, with silica leading to scale deposits that reduce heat transfer efficiency while minerals like lithium and potassium can enhance efficiency.
- Mineral costs directly impact the overall cost and pricing of geothermal energy, making it less economically viable and affecting accessibility and affordability.
- Rare earth elements are essential for high-performance magnets used in geothermal power generators, but their extraction and processing have significant environmental impacts. Sustainable mining practices and cleaner extraction technologies are crucial for the long-term sustainability of geothermal energy.
The Role of Minerals in Geothermal Power Plant Construction
Minerals play a crucial role in the construction of geothermal power plants and greatly impact the cost of geothermal energy. When it comes to geothermal power plant design, minerals are essential for various components. For example, silica minerals such as quartz are used in the construction of geothermal well casings and pipes due to their high resistance to heat and pressure.
Additionally, minerals like feldspar and mica are used in the insulation materials that help to maintain the temperature of the geothermal fluids. Another important aspect is the minerals used in geothermal well drilling. Minerals like barite and bentonite are used as drilling fluids to stabilize the wellbore and prevent collapse.
Overall, the selection and use of minerals in geothermal power plant construction are critical to ensure the long-term performance and reliability of the system. These minerals not only affect the construction process but also have a significant impact on the efficiency of geothermal energy production.
How Minerals Affect the Efficiency of Geothermal Energy Production
As a geothermal energy producer, I’ve noticed that certain minerals can significantly impact the efficiency of our operations. The mineral composition of geothermal fluid plays a crucial role in the overall performance of a geothermal power plant.
The presence of certain minerals, such as silica, can lead to the formation of scale deposits in the wellbores and heat exchangers, reducing heat transfer efficiency and increasing maintenance costs. On the other hand, minerals like lithium and potassium can enhance the efficiency of geothermal energy production by increasing the fluid’s heat capacity and conductivity.
Additionally, the successful extraction of minerals from geothermal brines can provide an opportunity for revenue generation, which can offset the costs of geothermal energy production. Therefore, understanding the mineral composition and optimizing mineral extraction techniques are essential for maximizing the efficiency and economic viability of geothermal energy production.
The Impact of Mineral Costs on Geothermal Energy Pricing
With mineral costs on the rise, I’ve noticed a significant impact on the pricing of geothermal energy. The role of minerals in geothermal exploration can’t be understated. They’re crucial in the construction of geothermal power plants, from the drilling and piping systems to the turbines and generators.
However, the scarcity of these minerals has led to an increase in their prices, which directly affects the overall cost of geothermal energy. This scarcity has created challenges in the development and expansion of geothermal projects, as the high costs make it less economically viable. As a result, the accessibility and affordability of geothermal energy have been impacted.
This issue highlights the need to find sustainable alternatives and solutions to mitigate the dependence on these scarce minerals.
The Connection Between Rare Earth Elements and Geothermal Energy Sustainability
I’ve become increasingly aware of the vital role that rare earth elements play in ensuring the long-term sustainability of geothermal energy. These elements, which include neodymium, dysprosium, and terbium, are essential for the production of high-performance magnets used in geothermal power generators. The extraction of rare earth elements is a complex process that involves mining and processing operations. However, it is important to consider the environmental impacts associated with their extraction. The table below provides an overview of some of the key environmental impacts associated with rare earth elements extraction:
|Habitat destruction||Mining operations can cause the destruction of natural habitats, leading to the loss of biodiversity.|
|Water pollution||The chemicals used in the extraction process can contaminate water sources, affecting both aquatic ecosystems and human communities.|
|Air pollution||Dust and emissions from mining and processing activities can contribute to air pollution, impacting air quality and human health.|
|Soil degradation||Mining activities can result in soil erosion and degradation, reducing the fertility of the land and affecting agricultural productivity.|
|Radioactive waste||Some rare earth elements, such as thorium and uranium, are naturally occurring radioactive elements and their extraction can result in the production of radioactive waste.|
It is crucial to address these environmental impacts through sustainable mining practices and the development of cleaner and more efficient extraction technologies. By doing so, we can ensure the long-term sustainability of geothermal energy while minimizing its environmental footprint.
The Importance of Lithium and Silica in Geothermal Power Generation
Lithium and silica play a crucial role in the generation of geothermal power. Geothermal energy is a sustainable and renewable source that harnesses the heat from the Earth’s core to produce electricity. Here are some key reasons why lithium and silica are vital in this process:
Lithium Ion Batteries:
Lithium is an essential component in the production of high-performance lithium-ion batteries. These batteries are used to store the excess electricity generated by geothermal power plants, ensuring a continuous and reliable power supply.
Silica, in the form of silica gel, is used as a desiccant in energy storage systems. It helps to control humidity and prevent the degradation of electrical components, thereby increasing the efficiency and lifespan of the energy storage systems.
Silica also plays a critical role in geothermal power generation by enhancing the thermal conductivity of the geothermal fluids. This allows for more efficient transfer of heat from the Earth’s core to the power plant, resulting in higher energy output.
Overall, the significance of lithium-ion batteries and the role of silica in energy storage are crucial for the efficient and sustainable generation of geothermal power.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are Minerals the Only Factor That Affects the Cost of Geothermal Energy?
Minerals are not the only factor that affects the cost of geothermal energy. Other important factors include geothermal energy efficiency and the necessary infrastructure for harnessing and distributing the energy.
How Do Minerals Impact the Environmental Sustainability of Geothermal Energy Production?
The impacts of mining and geothermal resource availability directly affect the environmental sustainability of geothermal energy production. These factors determine the cost and feasibility of harnessing geothermal energy, making it essential to consider minerals in the equation.
What Are Some Examples of Rare Earth Elements and How Do They Relate to Geothermal Energy Sustainability?
Rare earth elements play a crucial role in geothermal energy sustainability. They are essential for the production of geothermal power generation technologies, such as turbines and generators. Their availability and cost directly impact the overall cost of geothermal energy.
Is Lithium Used in All Geothermal Power Generation Plants?
No, lithium is not used in all geothermal power generation plants. While lithium extraction is common in some geothermal plants, it is not a universal practice and depends on the specific requirements and resources of each plant.
Are There Any Alternatives to Silica in Geothermal Power Generation?
When looking at geothermal power alternatives, it’s important to consider the impact of minerals on cost. Silica, for example, is commonly used in geothermal power generation and finding alternatives could potentially reduce costs.
In conclusion, minerals play a crucial role in the cost of geothermal energy. They impact the efficiency of energy production and can directly affect pricing.
Rare earth elements have a significant connection to the sustainability of geothermal energy, while lithium and silica are essential for power generation.
Understanding the significance of minerals in geothermal power plants is vital for optimizing efficiency and ensuring a sustainable and affordable energy source for the future.


Thursday November 5, 2015 a dam burst above the town of the Bento Rodregues in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. A veritable river of mud and mine tailings flowed through the town displacing the 600 inhabitants. The iron ore mine where the dam was holding back the mine tailings is owned by BHP Billiton Ltd. and Vale SA.
Video showed many if not all homes destroyed by the mudslide. A car was lifted onto the top of a building which had its roof destroyed. The destruction was throughout the valley.
In a joint statement on the Samarco Mineração Facebook page, Peter Poppinga, executive director of Ferrous Vale, and Jimmy Wilson, Iron Ore president of BHP Billiton, said that our “priority right now is to understand the extent of the consequences of breaking the dams and how we can provide additional support.”
At least two are confirmed and up to 16 have been reported dead due to the dam failure. The cause of the dam breach currently unknown.


A tabletop hammer mill
|Other names||Grinding mill|
|Related items||Mortar and pestle
A mill is a device that breaks solid materials into smaller pieces by grinding, crushing, or cutting. Such comminution is an important unit operation in many processes. There are many different types of mills and many types of materials processed in them. Historically mills were powered by hand (e.g., via a hand crank), working animal (e.g., horse mill), wind (windmill) or water (watermill). Today they are usually powered by electricity.
The grinding of solid matters occurs under exposure of mechanical forces that trench the structure by overcoming of the interior bonding forces. After the grinding the state of the solid is changed: the grain size, the grain size disposition and the grain shape.
Milling also refers to the process of breaking down, separating, sizing, or classifying aggregate material. For instance rock crushing or grinding to produce uniform aggregate size for construction purposes, or separation of rock, soil or aggregate material for the purposes of structural fill or land reclamation activities. Aggregate milling processes are also used to remove or separate contamination or moisture from aggregate or soil and to produce "dry fills" prior to transport or structural filling.
Grinding may serve the following purposes in engineering:
- increase of the surface area of a solid
- manufacturing of a solid with a desired grain size
- pulping of resources
In spite of a great number of studies in the field of fracture schemes there is no formula known which connects the technical grinding work with grinding results. To calculate the needed grinding work against the grain size changing three half-empirical models are used. These can be related to the Hukki relationship between particle size and the energy required to break the particles. In stirred mills, the Hukki relationship does not apply and instead, experimentation has to be performed to determine any relationship.
- Kick for d > 50 mm
- Bond for 50 mm > d > 0.05 mm
- Von Rittinger for d < 0.05 mm
with W as grinding work in kJ/kg, c as grinding coefficient, dA as grain size of the source material and dE as grain size of the ground material.
A reliable value for the grain sizes dA and dE is d80. This value signifies that 80% (mass) of the solid matter has a smaller grain size. The Bond's grinding coefficient for different materials can be found in various literature. To calculate the KICK's and Rittinger's coefficients following formulas can be used
with the limits of Bond's range: upper dBU = 50 mm and lower dBL = 0.05 mm.
To evaluate the grinding results the grain size disposition of the source material (1) and of the ground material (2) is needed. Grinding degree is the ratio of the sizes from the grain disposition. There are several definitions for this characteristic value:
- Grinding degree referring to grain size d80
- Instead of the value of d80 also d50 or other grain diameter can be used.
- Grinding degree referring to specific surface
- The specific surface area referring to volume Sv and the specific surface area referring to mass Sm can be found out through experiments.
- Pretended grinding degree
- The discharge die gap a of the grinding machine is used for the ground solid matter in this formula.
In materials processing a grinder is a machine for producing fine particle size reduction through attrition and compressive forces at the grain size level. See also crusher for mechanisms producing larger particles. In general, grinding processes require a relatively large amount of energy; for this reason, an experimental method to measure the energy used locally during milling with different machines was recently proposed.
A typical type of fine grinder is the ball mill. A slightly inclined or horizontal rotating cylinder is partially filled with balls, usually stone or metal, which grinds material to the necessary fineness by friction and impact with the tumbling balls. Ball mills normally operate with an approximate ball charge of 30%. Ball mills are characterized by their smaller (comparatively) diameter and longer length, and often have a length 1.5 to 2.5 times the diameter. The feed is at one end of the cylinder and the discharge is at the other. Ball mills are commonly used in the manufacture of Portland cement and finer grinding stages of mineral processing, one example being the Sepro tyre drive Grinding Mill. Industrial ball mills can be as large as 8.5 m (28 ft) in diameter with a 22 MW motor, drawing approximately 0.0011% of the total world's power (see List of countries by electricity consumption). However, small versions of ball mills can be found in laboratories where they are used for grinding sample material for quality assurance.
The power predictions for ball mills typically use the following form of the Bond equation:
- E is the energy (kilowatt-hours per metric or short ton)
- W is the work index measured in a laboratory ball mill (kilowatt-hours per metric or short ton)
- P80 is the mill circuit product size in micrometers
- F80 is the mill circuit feed size in micrometers.
A rotating drum causes friction and attrition between steel rods and ore particles. But note that the term 'rod mill' is also used as a synonym for a slitting mill, which makes rods of iron or other metal. Rod mills are less common than ball mills for grinding minerals.
The rods used in the mill, usually a high-carbon steel, can vary in both the length and the diameter. However, the smaller the rods, the larger is the total surface area and hence, the greater the grinding efficiency
Autogenous or autogenic mills are so-called due to the self-grinding of the ore: a rotating drum throws larger rocks of ore in a cascading motion which causes impact breakage of larger rocks and compressive grinding of finer particles. It is similar in operation to a SAG mill as described below but does not use steel balls in the mill. Also known as ROM or "Run Of Mine" grinding.
SAG is an acronym for Semi-Autogenous Grinding. SAG mills are essentially autogenous mills, but utilize grinding balls to aid in grinding like in a ball mill. A SAG mill is generally used as a primary or first stage grinding solution. SAG mills use a ball charge of 8 to 21%. The largest SAG mill is 42' in diameter, powered by a 28 MW (38,000 HP) motor. A SAG mill with a 44' diameter and a power of 35 MW (47,000 HP) has been designed.
Attrition between grinding balls and ore particles causes grinding of finer particles. SAG mills are characterized by their large diameter and short length as compared to ball mills. The inside of the mill is lined with lifting plates to lift the material inside the mill, where it then falls off the plates onto the rest of the ore charge. SAG mills are primarily used at gold, copper and platinum mines with applications also in the lead, zinc, silver, alumina and nickel industries.
A rotating drum causes friction and attrition between rock pebbles and ore particles. May be used where product contamination by iron from steel balls must be avoided. Quartz or silica is commonly used because it is inexpensive to obtain.
High pressure grinding rolls
The high pressure grinding rolls, often referred to as HPGRs or roller press, consists out of two rollers with the same dimensions, which are rotating against each other with the same circumferential speed. The special feeding of bulk material through a hopper leads to a material bed between the two rollers. The bearing units of one roller can move linearly and are pressed against the material bed by springs or hydraulic cylinders. The pressures in the material bed are greater than 50 MPa (7,000 PSI). In general they achieve 100 to 300 MPa. By this the material bed is compacted to a solid volume portion of more than 80%.
The roller press has a certain similarity to roller crushers and roller presses for the compacting of powders, but purpose, construction and operation mode are different.
Extreme pressure causes the particles inside of the compacted material bed to fracture into finer particles and also causes microfracturing at the grain size level. Compared to ball mills HPGRs are achieving a 30 to 50% lower specific energy consumption, although they are not as common as ball mills since they are a newer technology.
A similar type of intermediate crusher is the edge runner, which consists of a circular pan with two or more heavy wheels known as mullers rotating within it; material to be crushed is shoved underneath the wheels using attached plow blades.
Vertical shaft impactor mill (VSI mill)
A VSI mill throws rock or ore particles against a wear plate by slinging them from a spinning center that rotates on a vertical shaft. This type of mill uses the same principle as VSI Crusher
Tower mills, often called vertical mills, stirred mills or regrind mills, are a more efficient means of grinding material at smaller particle sizes, and can be used after ball mills in a grinding process. Like ball mills, grinding (steel) balls or pebbles are often added to stirred mills to help grind ore, however these mills contain a large screw mounted vertically to lift and grind material. In tower mills, there is no cascading action as in standard grinding mills. Stirred mills are also common for mixing quicklime (CaO) into a lime slurry. There are several advantages to the tower mill: low noise, efficient energy usage, and low operating costs.
Types of grinding mills
- windmill, wind powered
- watermill, water powered
- horse mill, animal powered
- treadwheel, human powered (archaic: "treadmill")
- ship mill, floats near a river bank or bridge
- arrastra, simple mill for grinding and pulverizing (typically) gold or silver ore.
- roller mill, an equipment for the grinding or pulverizing of grain and other raw materials using cylinders
- Stamp mill, a specialized machine for reducing ore to powder for further processing or for fracturing other materials
- a place of business for making articles of manufacture. The term mill was once in common use for a factory because many factories in the early stages of the Industrial Revolution were powered by a watermill, but nowadays it is only used in a few specific contexts; e.g.,
- bark mill produces tanbark for tanneries
- cider mill crushes apples to give cider
- gristmill grinds grain into flour
- oil mill, see expeller pressing, extrusion
- paper mill produces paper
- sawmill cuts timber
- starch mill
- steel mill manufactures steel
- sugar mill (also called a sugar refinery) processes sugar beets or sugar cane into various finished products
- textile mill (disambiguation)
- huller (also called a rice mill, or rice husker) is used to hull rice
- powder mill produces gunpowder
- Thomas, A; Filippov, L.O. (1999). "Fractures, fractals and breakage energy of mineral particles". International Journal of Mineral Processing. 57 (4): 285. doi:10.1016/S0301-7516(99)00029-0.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Mineral Beneficiation – The Third Theory of Comminution – Document Summary. Onemine.org. Retrieved on 2010-10-09.
- Baron, M.; Chamayou, A.; Marchioro, L.; Raffi, J. (2005). "Radicalar probes to measure the action of energy on granular materials". Advanced Powder Technology. 16 (3): 199. doi:10.1163/1568552053750242.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- "ABB". ABB Communications. ABB Communications.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Wills, B.A. (2006). Mineral Processing Technology: An Introduction to the Practical Aspects of Ore Treatment and Mineral Recovery. 7th ed. Amsterdam ; Boston, MA. p. 157. ISBN 0750644508.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Strohmayr, S. and Valery, W. Jr. SAG mill circuit optimisation at Ernest Henry Mining. metso.com
- Mular, Andrew L.; Halbe, Doug N.; Barratt, Derek J. (2002). Mineral Processing Plant Design, Practice, and Control: Proceedings. SME. pp. 2369–. ISBN 978-0-87335-223-9. Retrieved 26 October 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- van de Vijfeijken, Maarten (October 2010). "Mills and GMDs" (PDF). International Mining: 30.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Gearless mill drives. abb.com


Rescuer raises hope of survivors at Zambian mine
December 5, 2023 | by b1og.net
In a Zambian mine, where over 30 miners have been buried for days, a glimmer of hope has been raised by a member of the rescue team. The informal miners were trapped under debris after heavy rain triggered landslides. Amidst the devastating situation, the rescuer believes that there may be survivors, as voices have been heard from one of the tunnels. However, he acknowledges that there might also be casualties. The rescue effort is ongoing, but hampered by continuous rainfall and waterlogging at one of the sites. As the world waits in anticipation, the fate of these trapped miners remains unknown.
Rescuer raises hope of survivors at Zambian mine
Overview of the situation
In a tragic incident, more than 30 informal miners in Zambia have been trapped under debris for days after heavy rain caused landslides. Despite the grim circumstances, there is a glimmer of hope as a member of the rescue team has indicated the possibility of survivors. The miners were buried while digging tunnels at an open-pit mine near the city of Chingola on the country’s copper belt. Rescue efforts have been underway since early Friday to locate and save the trapped miners.
Search and rescue efforts
Determined to find survivors, rescue teams have been working tirelessly to navigate the challenging conditions and locate the trapped miners. The rescuers have been combing through the debris and using advanced equipment to detect any signs of life. The efforts have been challenging due to the potential danger of further landslides and the need to pump water out of the tunnels. Despite the obstacles, the rescue team remains hopeful and determined to bring the miners to safety.
Statements from officials
Various officials have provided updates on the situation and expressed their concerns for the trapped miners. Chingola District Commissioner Raphael Chumupi confirmed that at least 36 miners were buried in three separate tunnels. The miners were digging for copper ore illegally at the Seseli mine without the knowledge of the mine owner. While police have named seven miners as confirmed fatalities, the exact number of casualties remains uncertain. Zambian Vice President Mutale Nalumango stated that the condition of the miners is unknown, and efforts are ongoing to clear debris and pump water out of the tunnels.
Challenges faced during rescue
The rescue operation has been met with several challenges, further complicating the already difficult task of saving the trapped miners. One of the major obstacles is the continuous rainfall, which not only affects the stability of the mine but also makes it challenging for rescuers to navigate through the flooded tunnels. Additionally, the underground and unstable environment poses a constant risk to the safety of the rescue workers. Despite these challenges, the rescue team, with the assistance of the army, is committed to overcoming these hurdles and bringing the trapped miners to safety.
Background on Zambia’s mining industry
Zambia is known for its rich copper reserves and is among the top 10 copper producers in the world. The city of Chingola, located around 400 kilometers north of the capital city Lusaka, is home to large open-pit copper mines. These mines are surrounded by huge waste piles of rock and earth that have been excavated from the mines. The abundance of copper in Zambia has attracted both legal and illegal mining activities, pushing miners to take risks and work under unsafe conditions.
Illegal mining and safety concerns
The incident at the Seseli mine highlights the prevalence of illegal mining in Zambia and the associated safety concerns. Informal or artisanal mining is common in the country, where miners dig in search of valuable minerals without adhering to proper safety procedures. The allure of fast profits often leads miners to overlook the potential risks involved in their activities. This puts their lives at risk and creates challenges for rescue efforts in case of accidents or incidents like the one at the Seseli mine.
Identification of confirmed fatalities
Although rescue efforts are still ongoing, authorities have confirmed the deaths of seven miners. However, as no bodies have been retrieved yet, it is premature to determine the exact number of casualties. Identification of the deceased miners will be crucial to provide closure to the families and allow for the necessary procedures to be carried out. The focus remains on finding survivors and ensuring the safety of the trapped miners.
Retrieval of bodies
Once the rescue operation transitions into the recovery phase, retrieving the bodies of the deceased miners will be a priority. This process requires careful planning, taking into consideration the safety of the rescue workers and any potential risks that may arise during the retrieval. Specialized equipment and expertise may be required to ensure a dignified and respectful recovery of the bodies. The authorities and rescue teams will work diligently to accomplish this task efficiently and compassionately.
Current condition of the trapped miners
As of now, the condition of the trapped miners remains unknown. Rescue efforts have been focused on clearing debris and creating safe pathways for potential survivors to escape. The rescue team has reported hearing voices from one of the tunnels, raising hopes that some miners may still be alive. However, until they are reached and rescued, their exact condition cannot be determined. The trapped miners’ well-being is of utmost importance, and every effort is being made to bring them to safety as soon as possible.
Assistance from the army
Recognizing the magnitude of the rescue operation, the Zambian army has stepped in to provide valuable support. Their presence enhances the manpower and resources available to the rescue teams. The army’s expertise in dealing with challenging situations and their access to specialized equipment can significantly contribute to the success of the operation. With the combined efforts of the dedicated rescue team and the assistance from the army, there is renewed hope for a positive outcome in this tragic event.
In conclusion, the situation at the Zambian mine has raised hope among the rescue team that survivors may still be found. The ongoing search and rescue efforts face numerous challenges, but the unwavering dedication of the rescuers and the assistance from the army provide a glimmer of hope. It is imperative to address the underlying issues of illegal mining and safety concerns in Zambia’s mining industry. As the rescue operation continues, the focus remains on ensuring the safety and well-being of the trapped miners while providing support and closure to the affected families.


Mineral Labs Inc. core management staff offers over 150 years of combined experience, making us notable for our knowledgeable labor force and expertise. Mineral Labs has since further broadened its services in the Rock Mining Industry through consulting and capital investments in sampling and laboratory services. Mineral Labs Inc. is well educated in sampling and are using state-of-the-art equipment to perform all sampling and analysis for the Rock mining industry.
MLI strives to ensure that all our Rock Mining Industry analysis and sampling is accurate, timely, and unbiased. We use concepts of Total Quality Management Improvements to constantly monitor and improve our operation which ensures our laboratories are operating at maximum efficiency and are extremely accurate. Our equipment includes X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) and Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICPMS) for elemental and trace analysis. With our newly expanded facilities our sister company Universal Toxicology offers a full line of drug and employee verification services including drug, alcohol, and DNA testing services. This company also offers consulting on drug free workplace manuals and employee background verification.
For additional information about how MLI can help the Rock Mining Industry, call or email our sales department at (606)349-6145 or email@example.com. We have laboratories located through Kentucky, West Virginia, Ohio, Illinois, Florida, and Alabama.


We have a highly experienced team that advises mining companies across the entire spectrum of issues you face in operating and growing your business. As lead counsel for aggregate, base and precious metal, industrial mineral and coal mines, we offer broad experience navigating you through the complex web of environmental, permitting, land use, labor and employment, transactional and financing hurdles.
Our team includes attorneys and staff who are geologists, landmen and former state and federal environmental agency officials. We deliver valuable counsel through a combination of our understanding of the business of mining, the perspective of former regulatory enforcers, and nationally recognized proficiency in all aspects of environmental law.
- State and local mine operations permitting
- Regulation of federal lands under FLPMA, Mining Law of 1872 and other public land laws
- Permitting, compliance and litigation under the federal ESA, CWA and CAA
- Mine safety, including compliance with MSHA and OSHA requirements
- Water supply and water rights issues
- Cleanup of contaminated mine sites and hazardous material releases
- Project finance, acquisition and tax issues
- Leasing, access rights and joint development of exploration and mining operations
- Mineral title examination for private, state and federal lands
- Supply chain and construction-related contract negotiations and dispute resolution
- Litigation for disputes involving operating agreements, leases and other mining-related agreements
Land Use and Permitting
We assist with the full range of needs when permitting mines whether they are located on federal, state, tribal or private lands. As we quarterback the federal and state environmental review process and collaborate with technical consultants, we create an administrative record that can be a line of defense against litigation challenges. When mining operations end, we assist with closure plans and compliance with various site remediation laws.
Environmental Compliance and Defense
We understand your challenges complying with and defending against enforcement actions under local, state and federal environmental laws. Our reputation as attorneys with deep knowledge of the regulatory framework affecting the mining industry and connections with regulators are distinct advantages as our clients address and respond to compliance questions and enforcement actions. Regulators appreciate our broad background in assessing and resolving compliance issues.
We’ll partner with you to resolve enforcement actions and citizen suits and address challenges to proposed agency rulemakings.
Corporate and Transaction Services
We assist with negotiating and drafting agreements for mining transactions, including exploration agreements, mining leases, royalty agreements and joint ventures, as well as major asset acquisition, project financing and similar agreements. This includes advice on in-depth environmental due diligence, title review, permitting and specific details regarding mineral, surface access and water use rights. Our tax professionals are very familiar with special state and federal tax issues that affect businesses engaged in mineral exploration and development.
Sometimes the courtroom simply cannot be avoided. In that situation, we have a team of experienced litigators with a proven track record of resolving cases that range from small disputes to bet-the-company litigation. This experience includes litigation related to mineral royalty and lease disputes, trespass actions, protecting mineral and surface access rights from urban development, and challenging local, state and federal administrative agency actions.


3 edition of Lateritic ore deposits found in the catalog.
Lateritic ore deposits
Willet Green Miller
|The Physical Object|
|Number of Pages||19|
The application of multiple-point statistics (MPS) in the mining industry is not yet widespread and there are very few applications so far. In this paper, we focus on the problem of algorithmic input parameter selection, which is required to perform MPS simulations. The usual approach for selecting the parameters is to conduct a manual sensitivity analysis by testing a set of parameters and Cited by: 4. Types of lateritic nickel ore deposits Three kinds of lateritic nickel ore can be distinguished: 1) Limonite (oxide) types (or Oxide Ni deposits): Ni as hydroxide in the ferruginous zone 2) Clay silicate deposits: Ni as clay silicate 3) Saprolite types (or Hydrous silicate deposits): Ni as hydrous-silicate in saprolite Mineralogy and Types of.
Lateritic weathering results in residual deposits that became enriched through the chemical breakdown and removal of most of the elements of the rock. For example, in tropical climates, nickel and aluminum are left behind as their host rocks are chemically weathered, forming enriched, high‐grade supergene deposits that can be mined. Description / Application. Limonite is an iron ore consisting of a mixture of hydrated Iron Oxide-hydroxides in varying te is one of the two principle iron ores, the other being hematite, and has been mined for the production of iron since at least BCE. Limonite is named from the Greek word for meadow, in allusion to its occurrence as bog iron ore in meadows and marshes.
Symp Mineral deposits and Ore-forming Processes. 35th International Geological Congress, Cape Town, South Africa Google Scholar Richards JP, Mumin AH () Magmatic-hydrothermal processes within an evolving Earth: iron oxide–copper–gold and porphyry Cu Cited by: 1. Red Soils Red soils along with its minor groups form the largest soil group of India. The main parent rocks are crystalline and metamorphic rocks like acid granites, gneisses and quartzites. Characteristics of Red Soils The texture of these soils can vary from sand to clay, the majority being loams. On the uplands, the red soils are poor, gravelly, and porous.
Our tribal children
India in Kālidāsa
RACER # 3586083
The Waltham Training School for Nurses, 1885-1910
Commonwealth government directory.
Kenzo Tange, 1946-1969; architecture and urban design.
Richard Scarrys Mr. Fixit and other stories.
From our house
The life and typography of William Caxton, Englands first printer
C.G.Jungs essay on The psychology of the spirit
Determination of elasticities of demand for the various means of urban transport
Bauxite ore is the main source for aluminium.: 65 Bauxite is a variety of laterite (residual sedimentary rock), so it has no precise chemical formula. It is composed mainly of hydrated alumina minerals such as gibbsite [Al(OH) 3 or Al 2 O 3. 3H 2 O)] in newer tropical deposits; in older subtropical, temperate deposits the major minerals are boehmite [γ-AlO(OH) or Al 2 O 3.H 2 O] and some.
Laterite carry enriched grade of Fe, Al, Mn, Ni, Cu, Ti, and V. Lateritic cover can turn in to low-grade iron, aluminum, nickel-copper and gold deposits with the increase of metal content. Geochemical studies of laterite have been successfully used in exploration for Ni-Cu and gold deposits in Western Australia and Ni deposit of Kansa at.
Nickel Laterite Ore Deposits: Weathered Serpentinites Article (PDF Available) in Elements April with 8, Reads How we measure 'reads'. Ore deposits directly related to mafic and ultramafic magmatism include nickel sulfide deposits that are locally enriched in copper, cobalt, platinum group elements and gold, a diverse range in.
DESCRIPTIVE MODEL OF LATERITE-SAPROLITE Au By Gregory E. McKelvey BRIEF DESCRIPTION SYNONYM: Eluvial gold placers (Boyle, ), Au-bearing saprolite (Becker, ). DESCRIPTION: Au disseminated in laterite and saprolite that developed under conditions of tropical weathering (fig.
32) over a wide variety of bedrock types but distal to known bedrock gold deposits. Resources of most deposits are mostly in place residuum, but a few are also redeposited lateritic material. Ni-Co laterites occur along the present or paleo surface above weathered bedrock.
With respect to known classifications, three mineralogical subtypes of Ni-Co laterite deposits (Fe oxide, Mg hydrous silicate, and clay silicate) are. This book will be appreciated by students, teachers and professional geologists for its clarity of expression and scholarship of content." - Dr Noel C.
White - Consulting Economic Geologist and Honorary Research Professor, CODES, University of Tasmania "If you've been searching for a modern textbook on metallic ore deposits, this is a good by: Ni-Co laterite deposits of the world.
Location, type, mineralogy, name, tonnage and grade, and geological setting for deposits of this type. View. Show in a web browser window: Global.
Show in Google Earth or other KML viewer: (uncompressed k bytes). A List to some Major Types of Ore Deposits and a link Book Download. Komatiite-associated nickel deposits Layered mafic-ultramafic intrusion deposits Skarn deposits Fractionated granitoid-associated deposits Porphyry-associated deposits Iron oxide copper gold deposits Syn-deformational hydrothermal and replacement deposits Orogenic gold deposits Carbonate-hosted stratabound lead-zinc deposits.
The lateritic ore deposits ofBrazil I - BASIC DATA ABOUTPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT IN BRAZIL" It • This chapter will present briefly the lithological, climatic and morphological conditions in Brazil. A - GEOLOGIC OUTLINE OF LATERITIC DEPOSITS 7 The Brazilian territory is situated in the South American Platform, having an Archean age basement with a.
Lateritic ores are derivatives of lateralization of either hard massive or ﬂaky, friable ores and hence occasionally present as “mixed lateritic ores” (Table 2).
Typical lateritic ore is reddish to yellowish-brown in colour and low in speciﬁc gravity. In general, they occur as Cited by: Abstract. Nickel belongs to the transition metal family and shows close chemical similarities with Fe and Co.
Even more than these elements, it is concentrated in silicated Fe-Mg minerals by octahedral substitution with Fe 2+ ions. Thus, the mean mineral/ matrix partition coefficient of Ni isand for basaltic whole rocks, for olivine, and orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene, by: The example shown in Figure 2 is a lateritic bauxite profile exposed in the western coastal cliffs of Cape York Peninsula, in northern Australia.
Elements of this “typical” profile are seen in most lateritic bauxite profiles in other parts of the world. Figure 2: A “typical” lateritic bauxite profileAuthor: David Tilley.
There are a few minor Al-rich lateritic deposits north of the Mediterranean belt (e.g., Decazeville in France, Antrim in northern Ireland, Ayrshire in Scotland, Vogelsberg in Germany, Nova Ruda and Lublin in Poland), which show the general textural and mineralogical characteristics of lateritic bauxite, but they commonly have Al contents below 40%.
Nickeliferous laterite deposits comprise in situ lateritic weathering products developed from peridotites. Nickel enrichment in the laterite profile is largely derived from olivine or serpentine. Four zones are noted in normal, uneroded profiles: (1) the upper zone—transported limonite and ferricrete, (2) in situ limonite, (3) intermediate.
Handbook of gold exploration and evaluation covers a comprehensive range of topics including the nature and history of gold, geology of gold ore deposits, gold deposition in the weathering environment, sedimentation and detrital gold, gold exploration, lateritic and placer gold sampling, mine planning and practise for shallow deposits.
Additional Physical Format: Print version: Miller, Willet G. (Willet Green), Lateritic ore deposits. Toronto: A.T. Wilgress, (OCoLC) 1 Ore Deposits ORE DEPOSIT TYPES AND THEIR PRIMARY EXPRESSIONS K.G. McQueen CRC LEME, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT and School of REHS, University of Canberra, ACT INTRODUCTION Ore deposits are crustal concentrations of useful elements that can be exploited at a proﬁt.
Like all crustal rocks, they consist of mineralsCited by: Lateritic REE deposits may be derived from a wide range of primary host rocks, but all have similar laterite and enrichment profiles, and are probably formed under similar climatic conditions.
The weathering profile commonly consists of a depleted zone, an enriched zone, and a partially weathered zone which overlie the protolith. The book is in general very comprehensive, although it lacks any description of iron-oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposits, the first of which (Olympic Dam in South Australia) was discovered in For an up-to-date text, the reader can consult the "recent classic" by Robb Introduction to Ore-Forming Processes.
The community of geologists has Cited by:. Lithology of deposits. Chemical composition and geochemistry.
Mineralogical composition. 6. Origin of Lateritic Bauxite Deposits. Historical review. Bauxitization processes. Secondary, post-bauxitization processes. The formation of bauxite and laterite during the Earth's history. 7. Systematic Descriptions of Selected Lateritic-Bauxite Deposits.Intensive lateritic weathering of bedrock under tropical or sub-tropical climatic conditions can form a variety of secondary, supergene-type deposits.
These secondary deposits may range in composition from aluminous bauxites to iron and niobium, and include rare earth elements (REE).
Over lateritic deposits of REE are currently known and many have been important sources of REE.Below the nickel limonite another type of nickel ore has formed in many deposits.
This is called nickel silicate ore which consists predominantly of partially weathered serpentine. It is depleted in magnesium and forms with – % Ni the most relevant type of lateritic nickel ores.


The site offers a range of informative tours that bring insight into the tough--and sometimes deadly--work of coal miners. The ghost who haunts this road is a lady dressed in white, and she wanders up and down the road every evening, looking for her husband. The Atlas Coal Mine closed about 20 years ago. During this period, approximately 79 per cent of black coal production came from open-cut mining operations. ----- TELUS Optik Local supports compelling, original stories told by filmmakers from BC and Alberta by providing. 3 and 4 mines closed. 2 days ago · "The Grand Midway Hotel was an old coal mining hotel from the late 1880s," explains Blair. it runs october 22nd to the 26th from 6 to 10 nightly. After the boom, the industry began a steady decline that continues to the present day. There are a few different guided tours offered for very reasonable rates. Conventional and aerial photos, videos, and descriptions of abandoned mines and collieries, mining towns, mine fires, and subsidences in the anthracite region of northeastern Pennsylvania. The population was 441 at the 2000 census. It's where coal was sorted and stored and is one of the few artifacts left from a time in Drumheller's history when the area had more than To ensure the country's oldest tipple doesn't topple, an Alberta group is turning to crowdfunding. Er liegt etwa 110 km östlich von Calgary am Red Deer River. Morrissey. Visitors don hardhats and go deep underground to see the inner workings of this authentic coal mine where the ghosts of miners are said to haunt the site. Upon arrival, head to the gift shop (red building). Regulation of Ohio’s coal and industrial minerals industry, reclamation and reforestation of abandoned mine lands, and miner safety training and certification. "A triple coal mine haunted by the spirits of murdered pumpkins. The Atlas Coal Company eventually obtained exclusive rights to use the Cardox method over much of the Drumheller field. The Atlas Coal Mine started operation in the 1920s and it closed in the 1970s. The Atlas Coal Mine is home to a history museum on the site of a former coal mine. Accompany a miner in the winding underground gangways and rock tunnel past three different veins of hard coal. The Cabin Creek Coal Tipple is a composite of several different tipples located in West Virginia and Pennsylvania. The Vally, being quite aptly named, was too poor for farming, and once the coal was unprofitable and the timber was cleared off, the railroad couldn't make a profit and closed the line, dooming the towns. From then on, it has been known as Haunted Summitview Drive in Neshannock Township of New Castle, PA USA. Given an underground opening of known vertical and horizontal dimensions, one wants to know: How much vertical subsidence will there be at the surface?. Still, EU member states subsidize coal related business with almost 10 billion euros per year. Find the perfect old coal mining stock photo. One day when all the miners were hard at work an explosion killed about 100 miners and to this day they say that if you get too close to the mines you can hear the voices of the miners hard at work. The temperature inside the mine averages 52 degrees, so a sweater or jacket is recommended. They are thinking about having some sort of event at the Atlas Coal Mine (you get to walk through the old coal mine, cart ride, and other activities still being planned). The coal mines were some distance from the town, so the miners had to be transported to them on trains. The industry changed the face of the state—geographically, economically, socially, politically, culturally. The Atlas Mine is a national historic site and tours are offered from May to mid October. One of the biggest, the now inactive Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site, offers underground tours through the mining tunnels and rides on a narrow-gauge train. Coal mining began in Pennsylvania in the mid-1700's, fueled by the Colonial iron industry. "A triple coal mine haunted by the spirits of murdered pumpkins. Very little remains of the former mine and town sites. The largest and oldest town, Nortonville, had a peak population of about 1,000. As mines closed, people moved away and communities suffered. With your admission to the Atlas Coal Mine, you'll have access to the seven historic buildings on site. Includes 1 night full-service campsite and family general admission to the Atlas Coal Mine BAttle the badlands - 20% off Stay with us and receive 20% off cartand green fees at the one of a kind Dinosaur Trail Golf and Country Club. In fact the stories have become lore in the valley, and without question add to the "haunted" at the annual "Haunted Atlas Coal Mine. The mine’s grey-timbered tipple, the only left in North America is creepy enough in daylight let alone at night. Hauntworld rates and reviews more haunted houses than any other website on the web now featuring over 200 haunted house reviews and over 5000 haunted attractions. Not all similar images are displayed - please use the Search function to see more results. It's where coal was sorted and stored and is one of the few artifacts left from a time in Drumheller's history when the area had more than To ensure the country's oldest tipple doesn't topple, an Alberta group is turning to crowdfunding. 166 reviews of Black Diamond Mines Regional Preserve "I've gone hiking three times here now and I have to say it's a solid place to hike if you are looking for some place to go close to Antioch. Concrete City. to extract coal, typically extend no more than 500 feet below the surface. Email - [email protected] Moonville, OH - (1856 - 1947 coal mining and railroad town abandoned when mines shut down) Classification: ghost town Location: Brown Township, Vinton County - In Zaleski State Forest along the old railroad path that crosses Hope - Moonville Rd GPS Coordinates: 39. The entrances to the coal mines sat on a hillside called Coal Mine Hill. The tour lasts about 35 minutes. 5 hours from Calgary. Its hard to believe places like this are scattered all around the world. Whether you're looking for surface or underground mining equipment, Atlas Copco Rental will design, install & maintain the right set-up of equipment and complementary accessories for you to successfully complete your projects. As leaders, they did us proud. Big Boo and Little Boo are set for Saturday and Sunday respectively. The Exhibition Coal Mine will host their 6th annual Haunted Coal Mine as a fundraiser for Theatre West Virginia. In fact the stories have become lore in the valley, and without question add to the "haunted" at the annual "Haunted Atlas Coal Mine. "A triple coal mine haunted by the spirits of murdered pumpkins. Save money on Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site hotels & get the best price for your trip; Local landmarks allow you to take in the local culture on your next holiday. Accidents are commonplace. The Utah Geological Survey (UGS) has created this digital database of abandoned coal mine maps as part of its mission to provide information about Utah's geologic environment, resources, and hazards to promote safe, beneficial, and wise use of land. It's got to rank as one of the best Halloween events in Canada. When we arrived at Atlas the group was shocked by the temperature, despite several reminders and messages to dress warm. Sleeps up to 7 comfortably, with two bedrooms and a pull-out sofa. Haunted Summitview Drive. There were four major shareholders of the new company: James O. Looking for hotels near Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site in Drumheller? Find the closest hotels at cheap £53 rates. Atlas #4 Mine shipped its last load of coal in 1979, after which the Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site has preserved the last of the Drumheller mines. In August 1877 the first coal mine,the Welch Mine, was opened and Louis Nawatny, a land owner in the area, platted his farm land into the town which he named for himself--Louisville. WOMAN LOSES BOTH HUSBAND, FATHER. " Overview. Tel 01942 895841-Answerphone. Some of these abandoned and haunted places will creep you out a little, but if you are anything like us you will want to go and visit all of them anyway. The Bellevue Underground Mine tour will take you 1,000 feet into the mine, where you will be 150 feet below the surface. Coal is an item mainly obtained by harvesting coal ore blocks. The Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site is considered Canada's most complete historic coal mine and offers visitors a range of interpretive tours, on the surface, underground and up into the last wooden tipple in the country. Located in East Coulee, it is considered to be Canada's most complete historic coal mine and is home to the country's last standing wooden coal tipple. " Money raised from the season ending event was $22,983. The coal-mining era lasted from 1911 to 1979, when the Atlas No. I'm not sure what it is about mining museums but they tend to do a very good job (I also enjoy the copper mine tour at Britannia along the Sea to Sky). They are thinking about having some sort of event at the Atlas Coal Mine (you get to walk through the old coal mine, cart ride, and other activities still being planned). Coal was booming business back in the 1900s in. Latuda, Utah (Carbon County) One of the spookiest places in Utah, Latuda was founded as a coal mining hub in 1918. Next fall these stories will be. Tag: atlas coal mine. Dig up something different in Drumheller! #atlascoalmine atlascoalmine. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day. Explore the natural beauty of the Hoodoos and hike the Badlands, tour the Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site, dig up a fossil and enjoy the many great local restaurants in Drumheller. It was one of the last mines to close down in Alberta. For more data on production Forzando Coal Mines (Pty) Ltd South Africa - GEO. Now it looks like an old, haunted amusement ride. Welcome to the historical Star Coal Mine site which began here in 1912. Lumwana Copper Mine - Mining Technology Lumwana Mine is an open-cut copper mine project in the North West province of Zambia, 220km west of the Copperbelt and 65km west of the town of Solwezi. If you find joy in creaky doors, bleak hallways, and spooky rooms in old buildings, pursue your happiness at 13 of our must-see haunted attractions. The mine's grey-timbered tipple, the only left in North America is creepy enough in daylight let alone at night. Coal was booming business back in the 1900s in. Our professional HVAC Contractor company has 100+ years of experience , so you can trust your HVAC system is in good hands. Pennsylvania's storied past creates the perfect setting for ghost stories and frightening tours - be it an eerie battlefield or ghost-ridden prison. Also nearby, East Coulee School Museum interprets the life of families in mine towns for its visitors. When we were at the mine, we saw tons of piles of coal. In this age of awareness of global warming and clean energy, coal and the people who mine it are often portrayed as part of a dying past. Tours available Tours available East Coulee, lying about 10 miles east of Drumheller in central-east Alberta, was once a thriving coal mining town which had a population of over 3,000 people. For safety, sturdy shoes with good treads. Source: Editing Luke Exploring the Atlas Coal Mine As a beautifully preserved and uniquely rustic site in the Canadian Badlands, the Atlas Coal Mine near Drumheller, Alberta is a pretty. Atlas Coal Mine EarthCache (GC2ZP1X) was created by mrcanoehead224 on 7/1/2011. Thought by many to be the first example of tract housing, the so-called Concrete City in Nanticoke, Pennsylvania was an exercise in institutional architecture which has deteriorated into indestructible modern ruins. After our trip down Hoodoo Trail, we ended up at the Atlas Coal Mine , a national historic site. When the Atlas #4 Mine shipped its last load of coal in 1979, the coal years of Drumheller were over. Tours available Tours available East Coulee, lying about 10 miles east of Drumheller in central-east Alberta, was once a thriving coal mining town which had a population of over 3,000 people. Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site and East Coulee School Museum, 110 Century Drive, East Coulee, Alberta. Check our website for specific hours. Coal Mine Atlas Operating and Abandoned Coal Mines in Alberta: Lifespan From To Disclaimer: The abandoned coal mine information is for informative purposes and represents the best data available to the AER at this time but its accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Today, the Atlas Coal Mine stands as the most complete historic coal mine in Canada , as well as home to the nation's last wooden tipple. An interpreter will lead you on an exploration of this spectacular site before it opens to the public. and the Charleston Gazette. Welcome to Environmental Justice Atlas The EJ Atlas is a teaching, networking and advocacy resource. Atlas Coal Mine We are open from May through Oct. In operation since 1978, the mine sells the majority of its production on the world export market. The new and improved 2012 rendition of the 'No. Rome2rio has found 4 ways to get from Calgary to Drumheller by shuttle, taxi, tram, car and bus. This lead to a huge economic boost in Drumheller until World War II, when they discovered petroleum in other parts of Alberta. Then explore 300 feet beneath the earth through an anthracite coal mine originally opened in 1860. The Atlas No. The Energy Resource Conservation Board (ERCB) first published the Coal Mine Atlas in 1985 primarily to identify the areas in the province where mining has occurred. A Review Of Our Visit To the Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site. 308443, -82. You can trust your HVAC system is in good hands when you hire our licensed, insured and fully trained heating contractors. Coal mining fires and many other conflicts in coal fields of Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India. Coal Mine Atlas Operating and Abandoned Coal Mines in Alberta: Lifespan From To Disclaimer: The abandoned coal mine information is for informative purposes and represents the best data available to the AER at this time but its accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Atlas Coal Mine, which is built in 1917, finally stopped production in 1979, marking the end of the coal mining era in Drumheller. Leave a Reply Cancel reply. BIRMINGHAM, Ala. With Brent Briscoe, Kurt Caceres, Eric Etebari, Jeff Fahey. In 1911, a large explosion occurred early in the morning in Mine Number 20 while 23 miners were cleaning up debris;all 23 miners perished. Archaeologist, Academic, Guerrilla Energy Exec. In Noble County, deep coal mines were also very productive. For example, the abandoned Pittsburgh Plate Glass limestone mine near the city of Norton (Summit County) is a shaft mine that extends more than 2,200 feet below the surface. Further Comments: Wayne Anthony, in Haunted Derbyshire and the Peak District, writes that an elderly gentleman in flat cap and long coat takes his dog for a walk around the mine. If you’re in the Canadian Badlands around Hallowe’en, check out Haunted Atlas Coal Mine. In Noble County, deep coal mines were also very productive. Ltd opened its first mine March 7, 1917. 3 Coal Mine. It was developed through a cooperative agreement between the Indiana Geological Survey and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Reclamation. Stockyard Brewery Water tower Turntable Water tower Seven Pines stamp mill Mining supply building Mining supply building Freight dock Inyo Mine Freight house Oudama Mine Water tower Deck bridge Howe truss bridge Standard gauge Narrow gauge Trestle Atlas bridge Great Balsa. The Atlas Coal Mine, an impressive location steeped in darkness and desperation. If you're looking to buy a gift for the paranormal enthusiast who already owns everything, I've got the perfect thing. In operation since 1978, the mine sells the majority of its production on the world export market. Pennsylvania’s rich coal mining history dates back centuries to the late 1700s and boomed between 1870 and 1930. The Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site is one of Canada’s best preserved historic coal mines, and is the last of 139 mines which operated in the Drumheller Valley. The Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site is an inactive coal mine in Alberta, Canada that operated from 1936 to 1979. Patrick and W. The Atlas is Canada's most complete coal mining museum. Places like Midland Coal, Western Gem and Jewell, Maple Leaf Minerals, Monarch, Commander Coal Mine, Atlas Mine and Brilliant were located on both sides of the Red Deer River valley from Nacmine to East Coulee a distance of 35 kilometers. Places like Midland Coal, Western Gem and Jewell, Maple Leaf Minerals, Monarch, Commander Coal Mine, Atlas Mine and Brilliant were located on both sides of the Red Deer River valley from Nacmine to East Coulee a distance of 35 kilometers. I was lucky that I met up with a group who was kind enough to let me join them on this very scary tour. Information can be accessed by either entering a street address for the area of interest or by zooming in on the area and clicking on mining features. The DEP has scanned 15,000 maps, with 40,000 that have yet to be added to the atlas. Ghost Town and Mushroom Mines As a Kentucky Library Associate and Local Historian These days, it is not uncommon for me to be in the Archives or on the net researching some strange place or scanning old news clippings. The city of Pripyat. 5) are the major seams mined in the quadrangle. Passenger trains would bring as many as 95,000 people through in the early 1900s. Named for Van Lear Black, a director of Consolidation Coal Company, the town owes its existence to the entrepreneurial efforts of John Caldwell Calhoun Mayo, born in Pike County, Kentucky, who taught in a one-room school near the confluence of Miller's Creek and Sorghum Hollow. Some communities, like Willow Creek, completely vanished. If you're in. The theme for the haunted atlas coal mine changes every year, so even if you have been before, it will be a new experience. Institute of Museum and Library Services, administered by the Indiana State Library. Wash House for the Miners: View toward the tipple: History of the mine. Save money on Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site hotels & get the best price for your trip; Local landmarks allow you to take in the local culture on your next holiday. The purpose of this website is to provide up-to-date EIS-related information to the public and other interested parties. Most of the large coal mines of China are located in the Inner Mongolia and Shanxi provinces. The mine described is the simplest form, in which only one bed is worked; several beds are often worked at one time, with entrance at different levels to a common shaft, or they may be connected by slopes and shafts within the mine. Big Boo and Little Boo are set for Saturday and Sunday respectively. Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site Review. pdf CENTRAL. The apparitions quickly vanish when seen. Charcoal is an alternative to coal obtained from smelting logs or wood. The population was 441 at the 2000 census. Our coal tipple acrylic prints produce vivid, colorful, museum-quality images which look spectacular on any wall. EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA. Set in a characteristic "badlands" valley carved in the plains by the Red Deer River, Drumheller rose through coal mines — now abandoned — early in the 20th century. They are thinking about having some sort of event at the Atlas Coal Mine (you get to walk through the old coal mine, cart ride, and other activities still being planned). 324566 Moonville has been the most talked about and most popular ghost…. Monticello Winfield – Luminant 13. The coal tipple at the Atlas Coal Mine in Drumheller, Alberta. 22 reviews of No. 4 COAL ATLAS 2015 COAL ATLAS 2015 5 4 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 IMPRINT 7 INTRODUCTION 8 12 BRIEF LESSONS ABOUT COAL AND THE WORLD 10 HISTORY HISTORY OF COAL IN NIGERIA A major incentive for colonial rule in Nigeria was the wealth hidden within her soils, includ-ing large deposits of minerals strewn across the various regions south and north of the. The mine employed skilled miners and used mechanized equipment to produce large supplies of coal mainly for household use. $8/person, which includes admission to both sites! All proceeds from the event help the Atlas Coal Mine and East Coulee School Museum preserve Drumheller's mining heritage for future generations! For more info, call 403-822-2220. With the death toll coming in at over 200 people, the team has their work cut out for them. A year later, the Coast Range coal mine was opened and shipped coal to fuel-hungry factories in Stockton, 36 miles away. CHARLESTON, W. About East Valley Guest House. The Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site preserves the last of the Drumheller mines. During the school year, there is a large draw of students visiting the area. The Harwick Mine disaster was a mining accident on January 25, 1904 in Cheswick, Pennsylvania, some sixteen miles north of Pittsburgh in the western part of the state. Built By: United States Coal and Coke Company, a subsidiary of U. A relic of the 2015 Halloween Event. 5 hours from Calgary. This one is the Atlas No. East Coulee provides easy access to history and recreation opportunities. The Atlas is Canada's most complete coal mining museum. The Herrin Coal (No. This 4th annual Halloween event will support southern West Virginia’s Theatre West Virginia. Er liegt etwa 110 km östlich von Calgary am Red Deer River. (AP) — Work is beginning on a business park that promoters say could mean about 1,200 jobs in Birmingham east of downtown. The Atlas mine was comprised of four mines. Drumheller Hoodoos and Rosedale Suspension Bridge are also within 9 mi (15 km). Atlas preserves the last of 139 coal mines from the era when Drumheller was known as “Coal Town” and provides Canadians with a compelling place to experience history. Drumheller is the heart of the Canadian Badlands and is widely recognized as "Dinosaur Capital of the World. This was authentic coal mining weather. One day when all the miners were hard at work an explosion killed about 100 miners and to this day they say that if you get too close to the mines you can hear the voices of the miners hard at work. Tipple at the Atlas Coal Mine Historical Site at Drumheller Alberta Canadian Pacific Railway Bridge at Atlas Coal Mine. Instagram. Despite a wintery Sunday, the Atlas Coal Mine is ecstatic with the turnout at this year’s Haunted Coal Mine. The cemetery was managed by the Eagles Fraternal Order and Miners Union. Coal Mining in Pittsburgh and Pennsylvania - About. The temperature inside the mine averages 52 degrees, so a sweater or jacket is recommended. Coal does not just kill the climate. Ghost Towns of Washington is the most comprehensive site on the web listing ghost towns and the history of ghost towns, historic mining sites, and other significant points of historic importance in Washington State. It tells the amazing stories of. From the 1860s through the turn of the last century, five coal mining towns thrived in the Black Diamond area: Nortonville, Somersville, Stewartville, West Hartley, and Judsonville. theatre west virginia in conjunction with the beckley exhibition coal mine presents the annual haunted coal mine. He will be out tour guide and drive the mantrip into the mine. Patrick's entrepreneurial vision and commitment to cutting-edge technology established the Atlas Coal Mine as one of the most productive and efficient coal operations in the province between World War One and the 1950s. The Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site is an Abandoned coal and coke plant. 74 of 77 miners died, either. The Atlas coal mine is just south of Drumheller. The Smith Mine is near Bearcreek, Montana, in Carbon County, not far from Red Lodge, and it’s the site of the deadliest coal mine explosion and fire in Montana history. Trump (the excavator), two track hoes, and eight dump trucks were at work on the land’s first seam—or layer—of largely steam coal. This was authentic coal mining weather. Oregon’s Crescent Mine, the location for Syfy’s hit series Ghost Mine is up for grabs, so if you know someone who’s always wanted to own an insanely haunted underground. pdf Bay County mine maps BAY CITY NO 2. Preserve the Haunt aims to digitally record and document the experiences, sounds, and landscapes of various haunted historic sites across Canada. People will get to experience the talent of the actors from Woodrow Wilson High School but also get in the spooky spirit. We can take a tour deep inside the mine to know and learn how important coal was in Drumheller, and to the Canadian economy. The coal used to ride a conveyor belt down from the hills to the right and then up another conveyor tunnel to the main building. Founded in 1883, Canmore for decades was also a coal-mining community until the mines closed for good in 1979. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day. The Atlas Coal Mine is expecting record crowds for the ninth annual Haunted Atlas Coal Mine. Star Coal Mines Earthcache (GC1H9ZG) was created by KappaAlpha Team on 10/17/2008. The Ideal Mine was the most productive mine in Guernsey County. The Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site is considered Canada's most complete historic coal mine and offers visitors a range of interpretive tours, on the surface, underground and up into the last wooden tipple in the country. The Lake Giles Iron Project, Bankable Feasibility Study (BFS), is well underway with the infill drilling program drawing to a conclusion, with the Reverse Circulation Programme completed and the. On-site parking is free to visitors of the mine. Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site was once a working mine established in early 1900s,and was part of the erstwhile booming coal industry that covered the region of Drumheller. Although I’d been to Drumheller a few times, this was my first time going down the Red River … Continue reading →. The mines were sealed up by the mine company when abandoned, as required by law, so there is no underground tour. As mines closed, people moved away and communities suffered. and the Charleston Gazette. Pennsylvania Mine Map Atlas - Mine Map Reading Tips. 166 reviews of Black Diamond Mines Regional Preserve "I've gone hiking three times here now and I have to say it's a solid place to hike if you are looking for some place to go close to Antioch. ) It is a chance to dive deep into the country's history of coal mining, as well as the time period during which mining was more prominent. There are storyboards inside the mine depicting the mining operation. Mine and Dine. It stood located in the East Coulee area of Drumheller. $8/person, which includes admission to both sites! All proceeds from the event help the Atlas Coal Mine and East Coulee School Museum preserve Drumheller's mining heritage for future generations! For more info, call 403-822-2220. Bituminous coal was first mined in Pennsylvania at "Coal Hill" (Mount Washington), just across the Monongahela River from the city of Pittsburgh. REMAINS: Many abandoned homes; Atlas Coal Mine has been restored. About 15 minutes after westbound travelers on Hwy. In Noble County, deep coal mines were also very productive. Coal Mining in Pennsylvania PA Mining History. The Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site is an inactive coal mine in Alberta, Canada that operated from 1936 to 1979. Get directions, reviews and information for Atlas Coal Mine Museum in East Coulee, AB. With more than 220 deaths over the years at the Atlas coal mine, many have had paranormal experiences they can't explain. Find West Virginia's largest, scariest, and best haunted houses, hayrides, trails, haunt reviews, and other Halloween events with our West Virginia Haunted The Scare Factor Haunted House Reviews Home. The coal tipple at the Atlas Coal Mine in Drumheller, Alberta. Holden, who served as the first president of the company, and Dr. 3 coal mine. The tunnel is five miles (eight kilometers) long and was constructed between 1891 and 1894, and at the time of its construction, was reputed to be the largest mine drainage tunnel in the world. The Colorado Division of Reclamation Mining and Safety's AUGER map provides information on active and historic mines in Colorado. Put on a lamp and hike up the tunnel to the mine entry. Fairfax was established in 1892 by W. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Active and Abandoned Mine Operations (DEP) is involved in many projects dealing. Rosedale (Star Mine) Suspension Bridge Review. Leave the mine Haunted simply by teleporting out, or go back up lift and make your way to the surface. The Ideal Mine was the most productive mine in Guernsey County. The Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site preserves the last of the Drumheller mines. Choose from 202 different sets of coal mines flashcards on Quizlet. Fairfax was once a thriving coal mining town on the last leg of the Northern Pacific Railway that ran up the Carbon River Canyon. All coal tipple artwork ships within 48 hours and includes a 30-day money-back guarantee. Good availability and great rates. English: Drumheller is a town (formerly a city) in the Badlands of east-central Alberta, on the Red Deer River. Mining Insider, History, Mines, British Columbia Province funding restoration of historic Nanaimo coal mine structure. As one of Canada's most significant historic coal mines, the Atlas Coal Mine is a National Historic Landmark and the site of the country's last standing wooden coal tipple (a sorting and loading machine. 14 Mine ~ Majestic Coal Mine Perry County, IL. Now it's nothing more than a smoldering ghost town that's been burning for half a century. This was authentic coal mining weather. The Atlas Coal Mine is a must see and experience. They are guaranteed to bring out your inner explorer. The person who waited on us in the gift shop was so kind. Tens of thousands more succumbed to black lung disease or were permanently disabled in mine accidents. It became a coal mining community in 1902. On Highway 1, a little over 100 miles west of Red Deer, rotting houses and rusting mine equipment are ghostly reminders of the days when railroads used coal-burning steam locomotives to power their train. One of the rooms inside the coal-miner's house. pdf Jackson_County_coal. If you're in. Contact Rich Binns ([email protected] The Smith Mine is near Bearcreek, Montana, in Carbon County, not far from Red Lodge, and it’s the site of the deadliest coal mine explosion and fire in Montana history. There is no public transportation to the mine, but you can catch a taxi or hop aboard the Dinosaur Valley Express from Drumheller to visit. Despite a wintery Sunday, the Atlas Coal Mine is ecstatic with the turnout at this year’s Haunted Coal Mine. Atlas Coal Mine has the last wooden tipple left in the country. Learn More. I highly recommend and one of the key tours when family and friends come to visit. Coral is a resource. Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site Museums Collection Technician: Choose a Job Category: Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site Heritage Interpreter: Tourism and Travel: Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site Heritage Interpreter: Tourism and Travel: Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site Museum Collections Technician: Other: Atlas Coal. Somersville, Stewartville, West Hartley and Judsonville were located in valleys to the east. JPG Atlas Coal mine south of Drumheller. Explore the natural beauty of the Hoodoos and hike the Badlands, tour the Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site, dig up a fossil and enjoy the many great local restaurants in Drumheller. The front of the house will be the Silva Mining Company. Atlas Coal Mine We are open from May through Oct. Atlas Coal Mine National Historic Site: Big Boo - See 454 traveler reviews, 231 candid photos, and great deals for Drumheller, Canada, at TripAdvisor. Abandoned Coal Mines in Utah. Archaeologist, Academic, Guerrilla Energy Exec. Accompany a miner in the winding underground gangways and rock tunnel past three different veins of hard coal. The most popular post that day was Haunted Red Ash Coal Towers, Caryville, TN. Want to know only the driving distance between Drumheller and Atlas Coal Mine Museum? Our distance calculator will help you in knowing the Distance from Drumheller to Atlas Coal Mine Museum East Coulee!. Pittsburgh's most unique Birthday Parties! Tired of the same old pizza party? Have a "Real Coal" Birthday Party with us! The package includes a mine tour, the museum, on-grounds environmental train ride for your guests and you can reserve the pavilion in our park area to set-up your birthday base!. What a fab night and great experience spent down the apedale coal mine tonight. Loads of ghost hunters have been to Nethead mines in search for the paranormal. Some communities, like Willow Creek, completely vanished. In 1805, the Neshannock Township, located in New Castle, was a thriving coal town. The Atlas No. Atlas Coal Mine Historic Site: Part 1 Located just outside of East Coulee, Alberta, near Drumheller, you'll find the Atlas (#3) Coal Mine. BNI Coal, LTD a subsidiary of BNI Energy Inc. -- (CP) -- Thirty-one coal miners were killed by an explosion yesterday in the Brazeau Colleries according to the first official detrailed report made available early today. to extract coal, typically extend no more than 500 feet below the surface. Darco – Norit Americas Inc. About East Valley Guest House. it runs october 22nd to the 26th from 6 to 10 nightly. We recommend taking the shuttle from Calgary, AB to Strathmore, AB and then taking the taxi from Strathmore, AB to Drumheller, which is the cheapest option and takes around 2h 8m. the town of firesteel was once a large. Old Mining Truck Rusts in a Field at the Atlas Coal Mine Photographic Print by Pete Ryan. The industry changed the face of the state—geographically, economically, socially, politically, culturally. Why You Should Visit Wayne, Alberta. Particularly during World War II, coal from Carbon County placed Utah among the leading coke and coal producers of America with vast reserves still to be developed. Log in Sign up. Atolia used to be a bustling mining town with a tungsten production plant. Patrick, who later assumed control of the company and was president until his death in December 1947. In Wayne is the famous Rose Deer Hotel, which rumour has it, is haunted Joining the hotel is The Last Chance Saloon, which in the 1920's was called the 'Bucket of Blood' because of all the fights the miners got into. After the boom, the industry began a steady decline that continues to the present day. They are guaranteed to bring out your inner explorer. The remaining 12,408 mines are classified as “ Priority 3 “, that is, sites which pose a threat to the environment.


Black corundum brown corundum section sand blasting electric fused corundum
Brown corundum fine powder series is made of high-quality brown corundum through steam flow crushing, sorting, chemical pickling and water washing. It has the characteristics of uniform particle size composition, precision, high cleanliness, and high hardness.
Brown corundum powder, stable chemical properties, chemical composition: Al2O3 95%-97.5%;
SiO23.90g/cm3; hardness (Knoop spectrum) 2050Kg/mm2; (Mohs) 9; color: dark brown; melting point: 2050°C; operating temperature: 1980°C; linear expansion (1600°C) 8.5×10-6C-1 . Product performance: high hardness, high strength, impact resistance, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, low creep, uniform particles, high grinding efficiency, no scratches, etc.. It is suitable for ultra-precision grinding and precision casting in the machinery industry And for the grinding of CRT glass bulbs, optical glass, silicon wafers, etc., used for ceramic resin abrasive tools, sandblasting, grinding and polishing, and widely used in non-slip wear-resistant racetracks, high temperature resistant substrate coatings and industrial furnaces such as metallurgy and chemical industry. Of refractory materials.
Scope of application
The brown corundum powder produced by our company has the characteristics of high purity, good crystallization, strong fluidity, low linear expansion coefficient and corrosion resistance. The product has the characteristics of non-explosion, non-powdering, and non-cracking during application.
1. High-quality abrasive grade bauxite
Workers manually select high-quality grinding grade bauxite for smelting, and the Al2O3 content is as high as 85%, ensuring the quality from the root!
2. Second refinement:
All brown fused alumina will be refined for another 3 hours in addition to the industry standard smelting time to improve product quality!
3. Strict classification
The smelted brown corundum blocks are manually screened and classified by workers to ensure that each batch is a high-quality product!
4. High-strength magnetic separator
We use 3 8000 magnetic separators to remove ferrosilicon impurities forcefully!
5. Corporate strength
The company has more than ten years of production experience, with an annual production capacity of 50,000 tons, advanced equipment and rich experience.


Our team of professionals will help you turn your dream home or flat into a reality fast. The Love Boat promises something for everyone. Now the world don't move to the beat of just one
ST Machinery is a leading and pioneering enterprise with the most advanced international level in R&D, manufacturing and selling of large-scale crushing & screening plants and beneficiation plants.
As China's largest crushing plant,mill equipments and beneficiation plants production base, ST has exported large quantities and high-end mobile crushing plant and milling equipments to Russia, Kazakhstan, Indonesia, Ecuador, South Africa, Nigeria, Turkey more than 100 countries and regions and have solved about thousands of and beneficiation projects all over the world, which has made tremendous contributions to the local construction, mining industry and developments.
Crushing equipments for rocks and construction waste, and expands the conception of primary and secondary crushing operation.
Various primary and secondary crushing equipment, including jaw crusher, cone crusher, impact crusher and sand making machine.
Grinding equipment is the process of pulverizing or pulverizing various minerals to the required 5-20 mm size materials.
Our goal is to guarantee the excellent operation equipment with high safety for our customers and minimize the downtime of the machine by predictive maintenance. Kefid service and original accessories can be 100% trusted at the time of maintenance.
Our sales market is spread all over more than 100 countries and regions , such as Norway, Russia, Uzbekistan, Indonesia, Vietnam, Australia, Ecuador, Columbia, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Iran, South Africa and so on. We already become a main assignable force in the international mining machinery manufacturing industry.
As a well-known manufacturer of mining machinery and equipment, Kefid provide customers complete accessories for crusher, milling machine, sand making machine and ancillary equipment with excellent quality, striving to enable customers to get the parts in the nearest place.
Used Iron Ore Crusher Manufacturer In Malaysia
mobile iron ore impact crusher provider malaysia Mobile Iron Ore Jaw Crusher For Sale Malaysia used iron ore jaw crusher suppliers m... Read More
European Grinding And Crushing Machine Suppliers
Europe Crusher Machine and Grinding Mill Plant Manufacturer » double roll crushing plants manufacturers in europe; Contact Us Tel: ... Read More
(PDF) Feasibility study of manufacturing concrete eco
21/04/2009· Feasibility study of manufacturing concrete ecoblocks using marble sludge powder as raw materials April 2009... Read More


Mining Asteroids A New Venture
Mining for minerals, precious stones and metals from our small planet earth has been undertaken by humans since around 4000 BC, when our stone age ancestors mined stone such as flint to make axes and tools. Since then we have plundered our planet for any mineral that could be used for fuel, manufacturing for most of what we use today including ever increasing demands electronic goods, smartphones, tablets computers and jewellery.
Our earth has only a finite amount of these resources in terms of minerals and metals which are becoming scarcer and harder to mine, alternative sources are now being looked at beyond our pale blue dot of a planet!
Asteroids which orbit our sun and sometimes wander close (not too close we hope) to earth are thought to contain an abundance of the stuff we need.
With more nations and private enterprises now launching space craft and looking to develop fast evolving space related technology, instead of visiting these heavenly bodies to map, take amazing photos and get the odd sample, these new space industries want to mine asteroids. Instead of the famous Californian Gold Rush of the mid 1800s and misquote “There’s gold in them thar hills”. We may say there is gold and more in them space rocks.
The BBC reported that a new venture is joining the effort to extract mineral resources on asteroids.
The announcement of plans by Deep Space Industries to exploit the rare metals present in the space rocks turns asteroid mining into a two-horse race.
The other venture, Planetary Resources, went public with its proposals last year.
Advocates of asteroid mining hope it could turn into a trillion-dollar business, but some scientists are highly sceptical of the idea.
Deep Space Industries wants to send a fleet of asteroid-prospecting spacecraft out into the Solar System to hunt for resources.
These spacecraft, which the company has dubbed “Fireflies”, would use low-cost CubeSat components and benefit from discounted delivery to space by ride-sharing on the launch of larger communications satellites.
The Fireflies would have a mass of about 55 lb (25 kg) and be launched for the first time in 2015 on journeys of two to six months.
The company then wants to launch bigger spacecraft – which it calls “Dragonflies” – for round-trip visits that bring back samples.
These expeditions would take two to four years, depending on the target, and would return 60 to 150 lbs of material from target asteroids.
“Using resources harvested in space is the only way to afford permanent space development,” said the company’s chief executive David Gump.
“More than 900 new asteroids that pass near Earth are discovered every year. They can be like the Iron Range of Minnesota was for the Detroit car industry last century – a key resource located near where it was needed. In this case, metals and fuel from asteroids can expand the in-space industries of this century.”
Asteroids could yield precious minerals such as gold, platinum and rare-Earth metals. But some are also thought to harbour water ice, which could be used as a raw material for the manufacture of rocket propellant or even breathable air.
The other firm in the mining race, Planetary Resources, has backing from several billionaire investors, including Google’s Larry Page and Eric Schmidt, software executive Charles Simonyi and film maker James Cameron.
That company wants to start by launching orbiting telescopes that would identify suitable asteroid targets for mineral exploitation.
However, some scientists struggle to see how cost-effective asteroid mining could be, even with the high value of gold and platinum.
Also what percentage of asteroids would contain material worth mining?
They point out that an upcoming Nasa mission to return just 60g (two ounces) of material from an asteroid will cost about $1bn.


Sterling Hill Mine Museum
30 Plant Road
Ogdensburg, New Jersey 07439
Open: Sunday 9:30am-3:30pm/Monday-Friday 9:00am-3:30pm/Saturday 9:30am-3:30pm/Check the schedule on their website outside of July and August. The tour is usually 1:00pm.
Tours: 10:00am & 1:00pm
Fee: Adults $13.00/Seniors (65+) $12.00/Children 4-12 $10.00/Children under 4 Free
My TripAdvisor Review:
History of the Mining industry in New Jersey
I visited the Sterling Mining Museum when visiting Sussex County to learn more about New Jersey’s Mining past. The Sterling Mine was once a big source of zinc in the United States until it became cheaper to mine it elsewhere. There is still zinc in the mines. The mining stopped in 1985 and the mine was closed in 1986.
Tours at the museum vary by the time of the year and during the summer months there are two tours, one at 10:00am and one at 1:00pm and the tours take two hours with time to visit the gift shop and the restaurant at the beginning and end of each tour. Everything shuts down after the last tour around 3:15pm so plan your visit accordingly.
Arriving late for the tour, I started in the downstairs museum section which has the original lockers for the miners and their daily equipment, specimens of minerals and ores that have been found in the mine and elsewhere in the country. There are Native American artifacts and fossils of dinosaur tracks, bones and fragments of sea life. There are also many antiques from the Victorian age to the 1960’s to look at and items like detonators to show the items used to do the mining.
The second part of the tour will take you outside to see the outer workings of the mine and how things moved around. There are mining carts and transports, equipment to more the ore for washing and to market. There is a silent eeriness about the mine like someone just shut off the power and then walked away.
The entrance to the mine
The best part of the tour is of the mine itself. You will tour the tunnels where the miners worked, see in the tunnels when mining was done by hand instead of machine. where the mining cars moved and how the miners got from one level to another to work and the dangerous conditions of the work as a miner. You will travel down tunnels and see the inner workers of a foreman’s office down in the mines and how the system of ‘tag out’ works for accountability.
The mine tour
At the end of the tour you will be taken to the tunnel of illumination and when the tour guide dims the lights, you will see the tunnel come to life in color as the minerals radiate with color.
The Rainbow Tunnel
I would not recommend this tour to anyone with a walking disability or who has to use a stroller with children. It is a lot of walking and very difficult to maneuver around the tunnels. I know they say it is accessible but I saw so many couples struggling through the tunnel you have to do it at your own discretion.
The mining movement from tunnel to tunnel
Mission Statement of the Museum: (Taken from the Museum Pamphlet)
Our mission is to tell the story of the Sterling Mine and to inspire lifelong learning about earth sciences, engineering and the responsible use of the earth’s nonrenewable resources.
Since the crafting of this mission statement the museum has broadened its focus considerably. We are concerned not just with the metallic resources that most people think of when they hear the word “mining” but with commodities taken from the Earth-bulk rock taken from our quarries, sand and clay excavated from surface pits and oil and gas obtained by drilling. These commodities constitute the raw materials from which almost everything else, our house, cars, highways and bridges, computers, on and on are made.
As an institution we are neither pro-mining nor anti-mining. Instead, we are a museum about mining, again with that word used in its broadest possible context. We teach not only how mined materials are produced but also the many uses to which mined materials are put and we place special emphasis on the environmental and societal consequences of resource extraction. Alternatives to mining such as recycling and the use of alternative materials are highlighted as well.
What we do:
*We inspire students to pursue careers in science and engineering.
*We inspire people to be thoughtful and responsible stewards of our environment.
*We are committed to preserved our historic facility, rock and mineral samples, artifacts and records to support research and foster understanding of this unique geologic area.
*We promote an understanding of human involvement in our environment and how science and technology relate to that connection.
The Mine History:
The Sterling Hill Mine is a former iron and zinc mine that was last working underground mine in New Jersey when it closed in 1986. It became a museum in 1989.
Mining began at the site in the 1630’s, when it was mistakenly thought to be a copper deposit. George III of the United Kingdom granted the property to William Alexander, titled Lord Stirling. Stirling sold it to Robert Ogden in 1765. It went through several owners until the various mines were combined into the New Jersey Zinc Company in 1897. The mine closed in 1986 due to a tax dispute with the town, which foreclosed for back taxes in 1989 and auctioned the property to Richard and Robert Hauck for $750,000. It opened as a museum in August 1990.
The ore bodies at the Sterling Hill Mine lie within a formation called the Reading Prong massif; the ores are contained with the Franklin Marble. This was deposited as limestone in a Precambrian oceanic rift trough. It subsequently underwent extensive metamorphosis during the Grenville orogeny, approximately 1.15 billion years ago. In the area of the Franklin and Sterling Hill mines, 357 types of minerals are known to occur; these make up approximately 10% of the minerals known to science. Thirty five of these minerals have not been found anywhere else. Ninety one of the minerals are fluoresce.
There are 35 miles of tunnels in the mine going down 2,065 feet below the surface on the main shaft and 2,675 feet of the lower shaft. As of 2017, other than the very top of the mine the entire lower section has been flooded due to underground water table and hence longer accessible. The mine remains at 56 degrees F constantly (Wiki)
(This information on the mine was taken from both Museum brochure and Wiki and I give each full credit both the information on the mine and the museum)
The Sterling Hill Mining Museum Promotional Video:
The history of the Museum:
I want to thank YouTube and The Sterling Hill Mining Museum for these videos on the museum.
One thought on “Sterling Hill Mine Museum 30 Plant Road Ogdensburg, NJ 07439”
Don’t miss this very interesting museum and plan the tour accordingly. The tours will be meeting at 1:00pm only in the future.
LikeLiked by 1 person


Dexter mining of Labrador West has been awarded the primary earth works contract to build the new mining pit. Dexter will employee about 70 people on the project.
The earth works project will include , tree clearing, a sediment fence, overburden removal development drilling and blasting, and construction of culverts ,pipelines, roads, a berm and a sediment pond.
In a release from Rio Tinto, the company says the new pit will strengthen the sustainability of the operation, which will extend the life of the mine and benefit future generations in Labrador West.
The first ore from the pit is expected in the second half of 2018. Wabush 3 is adjacent to the Luce pit. Rio Tinto say Wabush 3 will also reduce operating costs and increase production of quality grade iron ore concentrate and pellets. The project approved this spring is a 79 million dollar investment by the company.
Safety is an important aspect of the Wabush 3 project. Signs are being placed in the immediate development area, and permanent signs will be put in place in the next few weeks along the entire clearance area of Wabush 3.
These signs will have QR codes that people can scan. That will take them to IOC's twitter account, which will have blast information.
Work crews will be transported to the site from the access road near the new hospital, until the project is completed. As well, IOC will implement a new updated blast notification system. Digital signs will be placed at the access road near the hospital, and on Smokey mountain road. A new siren system will be installed and blast notifications will be on IOC's twitter and Facebook accounts.
The work on this part of the development is expected to last until mid-August.


Stan has over 30 years of industry experience in mining, heavy industry, smelting, explosives and pharmaceuticals. He was a Systems specialist with Standards Australia for 10 years where his principle activities included auditing, training and developing training programs in quality, food safety systems.
In 2005 Stan started with the JK Group after specialising in training and safety system development for mines support organisations.
He has undertaken Hazard Management Plan, Policy and Procedural review and development to legislative requirements within the coal and metalliferous mining industries in NSW and Queensland.
- Program Development
- Induction services
OHS System Development
- System development and review both on and off site
- OHS Management system auditing
- System mapping to relevant legislation
- Incident Investigation
- Training Coordination
- Higher School Certificate at Matriculation Levels
- Chemistry Certificate
- Certificate IV in Training and Assessing
- Non – Destructive Testing level 1NDTA
- Total Quality Management (TQM) Trainer in Crosby systems
- Total Quality Control Facilitator
- Quality Assurance Auditing (Institute of Quality Assurance UK)
- Certified Lead Auditor Quality Assurance
- Food Safety Auditor
- Work Place Assessor and Trainer
- Forklift Driver Licence
- Crane Drivers Licence
- Crane Chaser Licence
- Boiler Attendants Certificate
Did you know?
From 1 July 2007 all contractors in NSW are required by law to have a Contractor Safety and Health Management program. It will also be a requirement from all of the major mining companies that contractors health and safety programs meet an acceptable standard.
As a result of this the Jim Knowles Group and Mine Resilience Australia P/L have developed the content th May of a on-line training course with the support of the NSW Minerals Council, Coal Services Health and Safety Trust, Australian Institute of Quarrying Education Foundation and the University of Newcastle.
Major mining companies in Australia including Centennial, Xstrata, Anglo, BHP, Hansons and Rocla have given their support to this project.
Updated 29th May 2009