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EPM Mining Ventures Inc. (TSXV:EPK) announced the results of a National Instrument 43-101 Preliminary Economic Assessment for the production of Sulfate of Potash from its Sevier Dry Lake Potash in southwestern Utah.
As quoted in the press release:
The PEA forecasts SOP Production of 300,000 metric tonnes (“MT”) with an estimated Net Present Value of $956.5 million (pre-tax, inflated, 8% discount rate) and an estimated Net Present Value of $629.7 million (after tax, inflated, 8% discount rate); and with an estimated Internal Rate of Return of 30% (pre-tax, inflated) and an estimated Internal Rate of Return of 24% (after tax, inflated).
EPM Mining Ventures CEO Lance D’Ambrosio said:
This is a major milestone for our company and we are very pleased with the results of the PEA. With CapEx of $310 million and OpEx of $155 per metric tonne for nameplate production, we have demonstrated the economic potential of our project.


ISLAMABAD: The federal government has struck deals with various industrial groups and initiated power generation projects up to 2,500MW from Thar coal reserves. There are currently four joint venture projects to develop and exploit Thar coal reserves, said an official familiar with the matter on Monday.
Partnership with Engro
Engro Corporation plans to develop an open pit mine at Block-II of Thar coal fields of 6.5 million tons per annum and 1,200MW capacity power generator plant at the cost of $3 billion, with Engro owning 60% and Sindh government 40% of the project. The bankable feasibility was completed in August 2010 and this flagship project of Sindh government was part of the projects taken up by Pakistan-China joint energy working group (JEWG). Chinese financial institutions are willing to finance the project if they get a go signal from government of China.
Alliance with Oracle Coal Fields PLC
United Kingdom’s Oracle Coal Fields PLC plans to construct an open pit mine of 5 million tons per annum and a 300MW power plant in the first phase. The project feasibility study was completed and approved by Technical Committee of Sindh Coal Authority. The company entered into agreement with Karachi Electric Supply Corporation (KESC) for constructing the power plant. The pre-development ground work for the mine will start this month whereas the mine development will begin by first quarter of 2013.
Sino Sindh Resources (Pvt) Limited
Sino-Sindh Resources, a subsidiary of Global Mining of China, was allocated Block-I of Thar coal field through international competitive bidding last year. After completion of their feasibility report, Sino-Sindh declared to construct 10 million tons per annum mine and 900MW power plant in execution of the first stage of its plan by 2015.
Underground Coal Gasification plan
Planning Commision allowed Thar’s Block-V Underground Coal Gasification Project and appointed renowned scientist, Dr Samar Mubarakmand to develop local technology and execute the pilot programme to extract Syngas from the field. 100MW power plants based on Sygas can be established in the area and Rs984.93 million has already been released for production and purification of Syngas. Thar Coal and Energy Board (TCEB) have announced an expression of interest (EOI) for establishing 100MW plants floated internationally to attract foreign investments.
Published in The Express Tribune, May 8th, 2012.
More in BusinessStock exchanges demutualisation bill signed into law


Vulcan Materials Company (VMC) has submitted their plans to expand their aggregate mining operation at the Azusa Rock Quarry in Fish Canyon. The city of Azusa has accepted the proposal as being complete and has accepted the draft Environmental Impact Report (EIR) for the proposed expansion of Vulcan mining in Azusa. The Planning Commission voted to accept the EIR on March 10, 2010, but rejected the development agreement by a 2-2 vote. The Azusa City Council took up the question on April 19, 2010 with public comments. On May 17, they voted to approve the EIR, but rejected the mining plan. However, they are reconsidered their vote on the mining plan and approved it on July 6. Vulcan’s original CUP allows mining of 190 of the 270 acres that Vulcan owns at the Azusa Rock site. According to their new proposal, Vulcan would stop mining on the east side of the quarry and begin restoration there in exchange for allowing expansion of mining into their westernmost 80 acre parcel. The proposal has been framed deceptively as no increase in mining acreage, but merely a substitution of acreage with total mining acres remaining at 190. In reality, the best of the 190 acres has already been mined, and additional strip mining of the east side of the quarry would yield substantially less aggregate for Vulcan than mining on the west side of the VMC property. A map of the location shows that there is less aggregate that can be extracted from the remaining east side of the CUP boundary. The new VMC mining plan includes “reclamation” of the east side of the quarry DO NOT BE DECEIVED! THE NEW PROPOSAL WILL ADD 80 MORE ACRES TO VULCAN’S DESTRUCTION OF OUR MOUNTAINS.


Mr. Jacob Thamage
Jacob Thamage is a Mining Engineer by profession. His experience spans over a period of more than three decades and has extensive experience in mineral economics, mineral policy development, mining regulations and mining investment promotions. Jacob has held previously held senior positions within Botswana Government and various mines including BCL; Debswana Jwaneng Mine and Morupule Colliery. He also serves on the Board of Directors for several mining companies. He is currently the Coordinator of the Diamond Hub.


Northstar Mine Powerhouse and Pelton Wheel Museum
This historic site includes a fascinating exhibit of hundreds of Sierra Nevada gold mining artifacts, including a working Stamp Mill and Cornish Pump, the largest Pelton Wheel ever constructed.
No county in the Gold Country is more intimately connected with all aspects of gold mining than Nevada County. Here, some of the earliest placer mining took place. Here, much of the hydraulic mining was practiced. And, here, deep quartz mining was started.
Today, the placers are all but worked out. Hydraulic mining was virtually forbidden in 1884 and the last of the deep quartz mines closed down in 1959. But lately, with gold advancing from $34 per ounce to over $400 per ounce, a number of small mines are now in operation. The equipment of the big mines was sold or vanished in other ways. Thanks to the efforts of some visionary citizens, such as Arthur Dowdell, former assayer of the Empire Mine, only the foundations of former buildings from the mines or the immense chasms left by the hydraulic operations (such as you can see at Malakoff Diggins State Historic Park) would remind one of the former great industries of Nevada County.
Arthur Dowdell collected a large number of objects relating to gold mining, which he presented to the Nevada County Historical Society in 1968. These objects formed the nucleus of the first Nevada County Mining Museum, which was opened on Mill Street in Grass Valley that same year.
In 1959, one of the most important relics from mining days, the 30 foot diameter Pelton Wheel, which formerly supplied air used to power the North Star mine, was rescued from the scrap heap through the efforts of Mrs. Phoebe Cartwright, who conducted a vigorous campaign to "save the wheel." The wheel was presented to the Historical Society by Mrs. Cartwright's committee and an acre of land, including the remains of the old North Star mine power house, were donated by the New Verde Mining Company.
The Grass Valley Mining Museum contains the most extensive and well preserved relics for illustrating hard rock mining in the Gold Country. This eminence was made possible by the generosity of Mr. Dowdell and many others who donated artifacts. Of equal importance are the many hours of hard work, donated by its director and his helpers. Without their work, the museum could never have become what you see today.
In addition to mining equipment, displays and artifacts, the museum also includes a display of articles used by miners and their families in their homes.
Tuesday through Sunday, 11 a.m. to 5 p.m.
May 1 through October 31


While prospecting in eastern Labrador in 1993, two Newfoundlanders, Albert Chislett and Chris Verbiski of Archean Resources, a small St. John's based company, chipped samples from an iron stained rock outcrop. Within fifteen minutes of standing on the outcrop they realised that they had made a potentially significant mineral discovery. Results came quickly. In November 1994, Diamond Fields, the company that funded the prospectors, announced the discovery of a major nickel-copper-cobalt sulphide orebody, and by July 1995, drilling had defined 31.7 million tons of ore with a grade of 2.83% nickel, 1.68% copper and 0.12% cobalt. The province of Newfoundland was on its way to becoming an important producer of nickel, copper and cobalt.
The Geology of Eastern Labrador
Until the Voisey's Bay discovery, it is probably true to say that the igneous rocks and high grade metamorphic rocks of eastern Labrador were not generally considered to be promising areas for base metal prospecting. Indeed, the same iron stained rocks had been sampled at least once before, in 1985, by geologists of the Newfoundland Department of Mines and Energy, in the course of a helicopter-supported survey of the area, but they were not encouraged by the low metal content of the weathered rocks exposed at surface.
The sequence of geological events leading up to the formation of the ore deposit are illustrated in Figure 1. The plutonic igneous rocks that host the orebody were emplaced as magma deep in the crust, close to a linear zone where two ancient continents collided as the ocean basin between them closed. The collision of the continents occurred 1840 to 1860 million years ago, and as the continental crust to the west was thrust below the continent to the east, the sediments of the ancient ocean were pushed deep into the crust to be metamorphosed and folded. That zone of metamorphosed and folded rocks is now exposed at surface, by uplift and erosion, where it forms a belt of gneisses and plutonic igneous rocks known as the Torngat orogen.
Much later, between 1290 and 1340 million years ago, the crust at the Torngat orogen became active once more. This time the crust was under tension and started to pull apart and extend with the formation of steep faults, probably in response to a rising plume in the mantle underlying the crust (Figure 2). It was during this time that the magmas of the igneous rocks of the Nain Plutonic Suite were generated and emplaced into the crust; and it was during this time that the Voisey's Bay orebody was formed.
The two ancient continents, now welded together by the Torngat orogen, are distinguished by their different geological structures, reflecting separate structural histories. The eastern part of the ancient continent to the west is now known as the Churchill Structural Province, but only a sliver of the eastern continent remains, represented by the Nain Structural Province. The rest of the continent has since split off to form Greenland.
The Formation of the Orebody
The major copper-nickel deposits of the world are associated with igneous rocks that are formed by partial melting of the mantle (Figure 2). The most familiar, mantle-derived igneous rocks are the basalt volcanic flows of the ocean crust. When the same basalt magma is emplaced within the crust, rather than reaching the surface, it cools slowly, to form gabbro, the coarse grained equivalent of basalt. The host rock to the copper-nickel deposit at Voisey's Bay is a type of gabbro.
Compared to other igneous rocks, such as granite, gabbros are dark coloured because they are high in iron and magnesium and low in silica (SiO2), and they also contain comparatively high nickel and copper, although these elements occur only in trace amounts (i.e measured in parts per million rather than percent). When the magma crystallizes, these small amounts of copper and nickel do not form discrete minerals, but are dispersed through the rock, hidden away in silicate minerals where they substitute for the more abundant elements such as magnesium and iron.
Mantle-derived magmas, however, have the potential to form a separate, immiscible magma or liquid of iron sulphide composition into which the small amounts of copper and nickel in the magma may be concentrated and eventually crystallize as discrete sulphide minerals. The iron-rich magmas are capable of dissolving significant amounts of sulphur. Sulphur dissolves in an igneous magma by displacing oxygen atoms from sites where the oxygen is comparatively weakly bonded to a cation. Oxygen bonded with Fe2+ is such a site. Thus only magmas with abundant ferrous iron are capable of taking sulphur into solution in significant amounts.
FeO(in solution) + 1/2S2 = FeS(in solution) + 1/2O2
One of the ways that the magma can pick up sulphur is by passing through sulphur-rich sediments in the crust (Figure 3). At Voisey's Bay the necessary sulphur is found in the metamorphosed sedimentary rocks of the Torngat orogen. The amount of sulphur dissolved in the magma (only a few percentage by weight) depends on several factors, but one of the most important is the temperature of the magma. Thus as it cools, droplets of immiscible iron sulphide liquid appear in the gabbroic magma. These droplets are much more dense than the gabbroic magma, and they fall through the magma to accumulate at the bottom of the magma chamber as a pool of iron sulphide liquid. But as the sulphide droplets pass through the magma, they pick up or scavenge the trace metals that partition preferentially into sulphide liquid rather than the silicate magma; trace elements such as copper and nickel, but others such as cobalt, platinum and palladium, if present will also be concentrated in the sulphide liquid. The sulphide liquid will eventually cool and form sulphide minerals of the ore. At Voisey's Bay the ore consists of, approximately : 75% pyrrhotite, FeS; 12% pent-landite, Fe,Ni9S8; 8% chalcopyrite, CuFeS2; and 5% magnetite Fe3). The last droplets of sulphide liquid that separated will be trapped by the crystallizing gabbroic magma as disseminated sulphide ore overlying the massive sulphides at the bottom of the magma chamber (Figures 3 and 4).
The Discovery Gossan
The red iron staining on the weathered rocks, which first attracted the prospectors, is referred to as a gossan by geologists. It is formed by the weathering and oxidation of iron sulphides which invariably occur in base metal ore deposits. In the course of weathering, the iron sulphides (pyrrhotite, FeS, at the Voisey's Bay deposit) are oxidised to insoluble ferric oxy-hydroxides (approximated to Fe(OH)3 in the equation below), and it is this "rust" that gives the gossan its characteristic red colour.
FeS + 2O2 = Fe2+ = SO42-
Fe2+ + 1/4O2 + 5/2H2O = Fe(OH)3 + 2H+
(at low pH this reaction is speeded up by bacteria)
It takes only a comparatively small amount of iron sulphides in a rock to produce a strong red colour and consequently it is reasonably easy for a prospector to spot a gossan. But gossans must be examined very carefully. This is because, in the reaction shown above, hydrogen ions are produced, resulting in acidic waters. Such water will dissolve or leach the base metals in the deposit, leaving only a small amount of metal in a gossan that may have formed by the weathering of a metal-rich sulphide deposit. This was particularly important at Voisey's Bay because at the discovery outcrop, gossan formation and metal leaching had penetrated to greater depths than would normally be expected under the cool climatic conditions of eastern Labrador.
The geologists working for the Geological Survey of Newfoundland and Labrador were discouraged by the low metal content of the gossan. The prospectors were more fortunate, maybe even a bit lucky, because they found fresh, unweathered rock comparatively close to surface, and, as was reported in an article in the Northern Miner, (May 15th 1995), they "could see stringers of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) shooting through the gabbro." They extrapolated what they saw in their samples to the dimensions of the gossan, approximately 500 m long and between 40 m and 80 m wide, and they knew that they were onto an important discovery.
It has been estimated that the Voisey's Bay Ni-Cu-Co deposit may contain 150 million tons of ore grade material (Financial Post, April 12, 1996). It is one of the most economically significant, geological discoveries in Canada in the last thirty years.
Naldrett, A.J., Keats, H., Sparkes, K. and Moore, R. 1996. Geology of the Voisey's Bay Ni-Cu-Co deposit, Labrador, Canada; Exploration and Mining Geology, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 169-179.
Ryan, B., Wardle, R.J., Gower, C.F. and Nunn, G.A.G. 1995. Nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation in Labrador: The Voisey's Bay discovery and its exploration implications; Current Research, Report 95-1, Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, pp. 109-129.
Ryan, Bruce. 1995. Geology of the Voisey Bay area, Labrador; The Gangue, G.A.C. Mineral Deposits Newsletter, Issue 48, pp. 12-14.


The Mateo property is composed of 19 mineral concessions covering 2,328 hectares in the III Region of Chile, Region de Atacama. The project is situated 10 kilometers east of the City of Vallenar with the highest point at approximately 1,050 meters above sea level. The property is easily accessible year round via a well-used road going from Vallenar to the property. The road crosses through the middle of the west half of the properties and along the southern border of the east half of the properties. The property and is located close to power, water and an urban centre, Vallenar, with a readily available mining workforce.
Geology & Mineralization
The Mateo property is located within the brittle-ductile north-south-trending Atacama Fault System that is known to host many of the major deposits in the Candelaria IOCG belt. Known mineralization is hosted in an andesitic volcaniclastic sequence assigned to the Bandurrias Formation. Widespread iron oxide and skarn style alteration indicates an IOCG mineralizing system further supported by significant amounts of economic grade mineralization found in six historic artisanal mines on the property. Mineralization is found in mantos, veins and breccias.
Historical work on the Mateo property includes several drill programs completed by different Chilean private and public companies. Records exist from eight drillholes completed in 1994 on the Irene mine and include two full reports written by ENAMI (the Chilean national mining company) with interpretation of mineralization and recommendations for further exploration and mining work.
The Irene mine was investigated by ENAMI in 1994. Work completed during this time included surface RC drilling, including 490 meters in four RC drillholes, and underground diamond drilling, including 220 meters in four drillholes. We obtained ENAMI’s reports of mining activities from 1994 through 1997. Approximately 11,875 tonnes of rock were mined in that time averaging 4.3% copper, 61.9 grams per tonne silver, and 1.01 grams per tonne gold. During the period June 2009 to December 2010 the vendor of the Irene, Minera Farellon, conducted small scale mining activities on a different area of the Irene claims and mined 1705 tonnes grading 1.39% Cu, 1.39g/t Ag, 0.29g.t Au in sulphides and 1477 tonnes grading 1.98% Cu in oxides. The difference in grade between the historic work and the recent work is not an indication that further high grade material will not be found on the Mateo property and further modeling and exploration work needs to be completed to determine the best drill targets.
A private Chilean company, Minera Taurus, drilled 16 RC holes on the east end of the Irene claim, but we have no record from this drilling. An unknown company built a portal 250 meters long and approximately three meters wide by three meters high. The portal leads to three mined-out chimneys connected to the surface providing ventilation channels. On a recent property visit with ENAMI’s geologists, we found an extension of the mineralized zone at the base of the tunnel below showing the potential for mineral resources.
In 2011 Red Metal completed a property wide mapping and prospecting program over the Mateo property. The geological mapping identified nine significant zones of mineralisation on the property and confirmed widespread skarn style alteration. Reconnaissance samples were collected on multiple mineralized structures from mantos, veins and mineralized breccia bodies:
Samples of 21.72g/t Au with 0.69% Cu, 3.10g/t Au with 0.50% cu and 3.57g/t with 0.62% Cu taken from one vein traced for approximately 350 metres on surface
- 36 of 138 samples returned Au results greater than 1.00g/t
- 59 of 138 samples returned Cu results greater than 1.00%
- Multiple mineralized veins, mantos and breccia bodies identified
Additional significant reconnaissance sampling results from the Mateo mapping program are listed below:


Automated mineralogy delivers a particle-by-particle view of mining and mineral processing effectiveness
The outlook for the mining industry is both prosperous, as demand for both base and precious metals is expected to remain high, and challenging, due to declining ore grades, steeply increasing costs of production resources such as electricity and water, and investor pressure on operational efficiency. Mineralogy and ore texture are increasingly critical attributes that affect the ability of mining companies to extract base and precious elements from ores both economically and sustainably. A thorough understanding of ore mineralogy and texture will continue to play an increasingly important role, from upstream ore characterization, metallurgical testing and flow sheet design, to mineral processing. Textural properties of ores typically feature microscopic, sometimes nanoscopic, attributes; hence ore characterization, metallurgical testing and mineral processing are prime use cases for our natural resources imaging solutions.
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Devnya Varovik AD, village of Chernevo, district of Varna is an assignee of the Factory for extraction of limestone, put into operation in 1974.
Since 03 August 2000 the company is a joint stock company, in which the majority owners with equal share (50% : 50%) are Solvay Sodi and Devnya Cement. The subject of activity is extraction of limestone fractions with different granulometric composition for the necessities of the soda and cement production and quarry-construction materials.
The quarry is given to Devnya Varovik for usage with a state concession contract for 35 years term.
The production activity is organized in the following directions:
1. Extraction of rock mass
2. Crushing and separation
3. Loading and transport
4. Centralized repair services
5. Administrative and auxiliary activities
The production cycle with the exception of the drilling-explosive works, the loading and transport of the exploded rock mass, is carried out entirely with specialists and workers of the company with a proven good qualification.
The output of rock mass is done in an open mine /quarry/ at 3 levels. There are carried out drilling /network from holes/ and explosive works.
The drilling /perforating/ works are carried out to an outside company, the explosive works too.
The loading of the rock mass is carried out with two 6-cubic front loaders and 3 hydraulic excavators, the transporting of the same to storage hoppers is carried out through 6 pieces 55-ton and 4 pieces 40-ton tip-lorries.
For large-scale crushing are used 2 cone-shaped crushing mills with productivity as per 500 t/hour crushed rock mass with maximum sizes at entrance up to 800 mm and at exit up to 150 mm.
The sorting installation is equipped with 4 vibro-sieves and two crushing mills.
Main clients: Solvay Sodi and Devnya Cement.
Board of Directors
Sunnira Ly (Devnya Cement) - Chairman of the Board of Directors
Spiros Nomikos (Solvay Sodi) - Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors
Jean-Paul Siccard (Solvay Sodi) - Executive Director
Claudio Dealberti (Devnya Cement) - Executive Director


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Fixed and moving crushing jaws and lateral support walls of hardened steel are part of the standard equipment of the FRITSCH Jaw Crusher and are included in the price of the instruments. Crushing jaws and lateral support walls are available in the following materials: tempered steel, stainless steel, chromium-free tool steel, chromium-free steel, manganese steel, hardmetal tungsten carbide and zirconium oxide. Lateral support walls are also offered in aluminium. These can be replaced easily or the Jaw Crusher can be ordered to be delivered with the desired equipment.


I am a 41 year young male who is involved with the mining exploration industry in Africa, i supply info and equipment and exploration services to public and private companies who invest in Africa, especially the Eastern Part,my companyis based in Dar Es Salaam Tanzania and it is called www.midastan.com
MIDASTAN Stands for Mining Industry Development And Supply Tanzania. Tanzania is one of the largest gold producers in the world. From 1998 to 2008, the annual gold production has increased from less than one ton per annum to about 50 tons, making the mining industry the second fastest growing sector after tourism and increasing its contribution to the GDP from 2.0% in 1998 to 3.5% in 2005 (based on 1991 prices). Furthermore, the cumulative total direct foreign investment (FDI) in the mining industry in the past ten years exceeded US$ 2.5 billion and employed around 1% of wage earners. Our business includes Mining Development, Camp site set up and mining equipments rental
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Meshmerize delivers an ultra-reliable mesh network software for seamless connectivity in all mine types, including open-pit and underground, crucial for operational efficiency at remote sites.
Mining Site Connectivity
Digging deeper and wider with Meshmerize
In mining’s rugged, dynamic environment, connectivity is vital for efficiency and safety, yet traditional networks face numerous challenges here.
Key challenges in conventional connectivity technologies:
Signal disruptions due to cable breakage and blind spots.
Rapid environmental changes cause connectivity losses.
Costly infrastructure setup and inadequate or limited coverage.
Scalability issues arise to accommodate growing mining operations.
Meshmerize revolutionizes connectivity in the mining industry by providing a dynamic mesh networking software that adapts to the challenging and ever-changing environments of underground and surface mining sites.
The Meshmerize advantage brings:
Unmatched network reliability, even in the most remote and rugged locations.
Flexible adaptation to physical obstructions and cable breakage circumvention.
Simple network setup and compatibility with a range of commercial hardware.
High scalability - easy network expansion as mining operations grow.
Network entry and exit made effortless.
Unearthing the Meshmerize potential in mining
Overcoming blind spots with advanced relay links.
Network remains stable despite cable breakages.
Traditional network infrastructure not needed.
Wirelessly extendable network by adding nodes.
Uninterrupted connectivity in remote areas.
graceful network entry and exit
Near-zero handover time for device mobility.
Automatic network entry and exit - no manual setup.
Rapid connection establishment under 1s.
Seamless task transitions.
Costly delays prevented.
Dynamically adapts to changing environments.
Effective underground and surface pit inspections.
Extensive coverage throughout the site.
Enhanced safety in complex mining operations.


The Technological Program for Online Monitoring of tailings deposits, Tranque, works to develop a standardized monitoring and early warning system for tailings deposits, which, through an information management platform, provides to all actors involved (authorities , mining companies and communities) quality, reliable and timely information on the performance of deposits in areas of physical and chemical stability. The final purpose is to strengthen preventive operational management, improve communication and response between the parties to situations of eventual emergencies.
Its vision is to contribute to the safe operation of the country’s tailings deposits, improving coordination and trust relationships between the different actors involved, through an advanced monitoring system that will last over time.
Fundación Chile articulates the work of more than 20 organizations, among which are: Antofagasta Minerals, BHP and Codelco, Ministry of Mining, Ministry of Economy, Corfo, Alta Ley National Mining Program, National Geology and Mining Service, General Directorate of Waters , Superintendence of the Environment and the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. The co-developers are the Advanced Center for Mining Technology (AMTC), Shared Value, DICTUC, Arcadis, BGC, Contact and INRIA Chile.
Both the design and implementation of this platform has been developed by Fundación Chile.


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How To Make A Simple Rock Crusher
How to Make Rock Crusher by Yourself?
There are various kinds of rock crusher both at home and abroad, and they are different in sizes, specific functions and so forth. For example, there are large motor-operated crushers and hand applications for smaller rocks. To make a rock crusher by yourself will be a better alternative.
How to build small rock crusher - YouTube
Dec 10, 2016 · Impact Mill For Gold Ore 26 Aug 2013 we Built our Rock Crusher build a small rock crusher how to build small rock crusher mill 452 views. the is the professional mining equipments manufacturer in .
Build a simple rock crusher - GPEX
Jan 13, 2016 · Here is a link with instruction on how to build a simple portable rock crusher gold prospecting rock crusher for panning gold samples that you can make for about ten dollars.
Cheap Rock Crusher from Home Depot. 12.77 - YouTube
Jul 14, 2011 · This was my answer to a quick portable mortar and pestle.
ROCK CRUSHER BUILD | Impact Mill For Gold - ask Jeff .
Aug 27, 2013 · we Built our Rock Crusher ( Impact Mill ) to pulverize Gold Ore and we show you how you can build one too from common items you can buy anywhere. __ SUBSCRIB.
DIY Home Made Rock Pulverizer - Rock Crusher - YouTube
Jun 25, 2017 · My Homemade / DIY Drill Mount Rock Crusher for small batch sampling. Just a regular grinder and all-thread rod mounted to a drill. Work real good.
How to Build a Rock Crusher | Home Guides | SF Gate
Rock crushers come in many shapes and sizes, from the strictly hand-held to the complex industrial sizes, which can crush tons of rock and ore in one day. Making your own rock crusher invariably .


Mining Company May Back Out Of Building Mine In Northern Wisconsin
The head of a mining company that had been considering opening an iron mine in northern Wisconsin says it is dropping the project after the state Senate failed to pass a bill the company wanted.
Gogebic Taconite president Bill Williams said in a statement released Tuesday that the Senate’s inability to pass the bill easing regulations to speed licensing of a new mine “sends a clear message that Wisconsin will not welcome iron mining.” Williams says the company is ending plans to start the mine near Lake Superior.
Republican senators failed to gain enough support for the bill earlier on Tuesday after one GOP lawmaker joined Democrats in opposition. The bill remains alive, but time is running out as the session ends next week. The mine would have created an estimated 2300 jobs, but Democrats feared the environment would be impacted by the mine and refused to streamline the permitting process.


ATAC Resources Ltd., an exploration stage company, engages in the acquisition, exploration, and evaluation of mineral properties in Canada. The company primarily explores for gold, as well as for silver, lead, and zinc deposits. Its flagship property is the Rackla project located in the Mayo Mining District of Yukon Territory. The company was founded in 1998 and is headquartered in Vancouver, Canada.
Atac Resources Ltd. CVE:ATC
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About Atac Resources Ltd.
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The mining industry is important
to a country's economic development being a source of raw materials
necessary for industrialization. With its abundant mineral resources,
the Philippines has a vast potential to industrialize. This has yet to
be realized due to the current economic thrusts of the government and
the conditions in which the mining industry is being situated in our
The Philippines is rich with mineral resources. We are among the world's top producers of copper, nickel, chrome, zinc, gold and silver. We have about 7.1 billion metric tons (BMT) of metallic deposits and 51 BMT of non-metallic deposits. As the government claims, the country's mineral wealth, valued to be from $840 billion to $1 trillion, is about ten times our GDP and 14-17 times our external debt. If judiciously used, these rich mineral resources can be geared to supply the basic needs of our nation to address the economy's backward, agrarian and pre-industrial state.
Copper is a good conductor of electricity and is used in electrical generators and motors, wiring, and in electronic goods. It also conducts heat well, so it is used in motor vehicle radiators, air-conditioners and home heating systems. It does not corrode easily and is malleable. Nickel is used to make stainless and heat-resisting steels for consumer and industrial applications. Think of your kitchen sink, cutlery, pots and pans, and appliances. There is a good chance that they are made of nickel-bearing stainless steel. Its corrosion resistance and high strength over a wide range of temperatures make nickel a natural choice for a growing list of applications as well as its use in rechargeable batteries.
Chromium is used to harden and manufacture stainless steel and other useful alloys. It is used in electroplating to produce a hard, beautiful surface to prevent corrosion. Gold, as well as silver, has traditionally been used in jewellery but it is used as coatings and electrical contacts in industry.
Mining activity in the Philippines can be classified into large- and small-scale mining. Although both have significant contributions to our nation's economy, large scale mining companies, particularly those with foreign equities, dominate the mining industry . Their dominance can partly be attributed to the capital-intensive and high-risk nature of large scale mining, which, at this point, only the above-mentioned companies outside the national government have the capacity to venture into.
Our current mineral production is export-oriented and not geared towards the needs of local industry. We extract minerals and export them with little or no processing mainly to answer the international demand, and not for our local needs and consumption. Yet as we export our cheap mineral ores and concentrates, we are importing high-value mineral products which lead to trade deficits. Although mineral exports have brought in dollar earnings, the industry remains overly dependent on the international market, where the prices of minerals are always fluctuating.
Mining in the Philippines remains essentially in the extractive stage. Capacity in smelting, refining and fabrication is very limited, characteristic of an industry that is not fully integrated and with no linkages with the manufacturing sector. Even decades after the influx of foreign mining capital, our mining industry was still mostly limited to exploration and extraction. The current industry still mainly employs relatively outdated technologies.
The export-oriented production of the industry leads to the extraction of voluminous minerals from our lands just to earn large profits for mining companies and their local partners. The negative impacts of this rapid extraction to the people and to the environment is often the least considered, if not sweepingly neglected.
Mining has been part of the historical development of societies. In the experience of industrialized nations, a prosperous mining industry is needed to supply the mineral demands of local industries and provide the basic needs of the people. Essential to achieve this is the nationalization of the mineral industry. Mining as a basic industry should be controlled by the state for the Filipino people unlike now where it is dominated and controlled by foreign corporations.
An integrated mining industry with well-developed extraction and downstream industries will enable us to independently produce the machinery, tools and consumers goods we need, to generate jobs for the people, as well as products for domestic use and international trading. In such a setting, our mineral production will be primarily driven not by the international market but by our nation's actual needs and demands.


The company has secured a ZAR5,4 billion investment commitment from GEM Global Yield LLC SCS (“GEM”), a private alternative investment group with offices in Paris, New York, and Nassau (Bahamas). The mining company will also list on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) in January 2023, and as a result of the project 1000 emaSwati will be employed.
Lurco Coal eSwatini (‘’Lurco’’) hereby announces its commitment to making a resounding success of its planned coal mine in eSwatini.
Lurco obtained a prospecting license in October 2021 from His Majesty the King and Ingwenyama for coal at Mpaka, an area in western Lubombo District, on the recommendation of the country’s Mineral Management Board.
The area prospected was previously owned by BHP Billiton and ceased operations over 30 years ago. Co-founder of Magni Investment Holdings (MIH), which owns Lurco, Mr. Ellington Nxumalo said the company’s research and feasibility study indicated that the area is economically mineable, and the mine could be resuscitated successfully.
“Our research analysis and investigations which to date have cost us the sum of E4 967 000.00 (Four Million Nine Hundred and Sixty-Seven Emalangeni) have led us to succinctly conclude that indeed the mine is economically mineable. A drilling programme is currently ongoing to enhance the confidence of the historical data and to establish mine access. The drilling team is working tirelessly to meet the expiration of the prospecting right on 03 October 2022.
MiH has secured a ZAR5,4 billion investment commitment from GEM Global Yield LLC SCS (“GEM”), a private alternative investment group with offices in Paris, New York, and Nassau (Bahamas). Under the agreement, GEM will provide MiH with a Share Subscription Facility of up to ZAR5,4 billion for a 36-month period following a public listing of MiH’s common stock. MiH will control the timing and the maximum number of drawdowns under this facility and has no minimum drawdown obligation.
The GEM facility will be utilized to start and operate the Mpaka mine as soon as the mining right is granted. Lurco has already submitted a mining license application to the Mineral Management Board and is confident and excited that the mining will be granted in due course, Nxumalo said.
Lurco does have the technical ability to start and operate the mine and is projected to create a minimum of 1 000 direct and indirect jobs for the people of eSwatini who will undergo extensive training, as part of the local empowerment and job creation initiative.
The company has also been able to compile a Competent Persons Report (CPR), which conclusively confirmed the economic viability of the mine and has used such to back its case for its listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). The report will be published on the company’s website upon its listing on the JSE which is anticipated to take place no later than the 30th of January 2023.


Mining and Mineral Exploration
Lambair was instrumental in providing the transportation of people and equipment for mineral exploration and prospecting throughout northern Canada in the 1950s, 60s and 70s. They would transport drilling equipment, food, surveyors, prospectors, cooks and sometimes reluctant seasonal help to drill sites in the Arctic. They would bring out broken equipment, ore and drill cores and provide ambulance services to injured geologists and camp staff.
Flights across the northern reaches of Canada, along the McKenzie river and the Coppermine, and to the nearby Burntwood River where Thompson (and the second largest nickel mine in the world) now stands, were the standard for Lambair pilots. In the early years, these flights were done by his six sons - who would be gone from their families for nearly 3 months during the brief Arctic summer season. During the fall, the same pilots would fly the same routes, placing fuel and equipment in caches along the coastline, in anticipation of the next year’s exploration season.


[meteorite-list] Size of Woodleigh impact structure, Australia, revised
etchplain at att.net
Tue Dec 25 21:28:44 EST 2018
Australians find extremely rare mineral in meteorite impact
crater. Cecilia Jamasmie, Mining Com, October 16, 2018
Ultra-rare mineral points to huge impact crater in Australia
Michael Irving, New Atlas, October 17, 2018
the paper is:
Cox, M.A., Cavosie, A.J., Bland, P.A., Miljković, K. and Wingate,
M.T., 2018. Microstructural dynamics of central uplifts: Reidite
offset by zircon twins at the Woodleigh impact structure,
Australia. Geology, 46(11), pp.983-986.
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Manti-LaSal Coal Tract Evaluation Project, Utah
Under direct contract with the Manti-LaSal National Forest, Cirrus headed a team that: developed probable long-wall coal mining scenarios for two separate potential coal tract leases; assessed their potential impact on a range of environmental parameters including air quality, hydrology, geology, water quality, wetland and riparian resources, vegetation, wildlife, heritage resources, paleontology, visual resources, rangeland resources, and recreation; and prepared technical reports for each discipline suitable for the incorporation into two Environmental Impact Statements (EISs).
The first portion of the project required the development of a mining plan for each tract. Cirrus’ team of specialists included mine engineering subcontractors who developed the plans. These plans were the proposed actions in the ensuing NEPA process and were used as a starting point for development of alternatives.
In cooperation with the lead agency, Cirrus developed the purpose and need (Chapter 1) and the proposed action and alternatives (Chapter 2) for each of the future EISs. These chapters provided the framework for our description of the affected environment (Chapter 3) and assessment of the environmental consequences of the alternatives (Chapter 4). Each technical specialist on the Cirrus team gathered the necessary data either from existing sources or from the field. Our scope of work included extensive field efforts in the areas of:
In most cases, 2 to 3 years of data were gathered to establish a baseline of existing conditions for each tract. Impact assessment was then completed to disclose the potential impacts of the projects. We determined that the proposed long-wall coal mining could result in surface subsidence which could cause much of the land surface to settle. Most of the surface impact was projected to occur above the edges of the underground mine. These potential impacts were identified and disclosed according to the requirements of NEPA. Following the impact assessment and reporting, team members worked with the agency to devise an appropriate mitigation and monitoring scheme to minimize or eliminate potential impacts of the projects. Cumulative effects were also analyzed along with other required disclosures.
In association with this work, Cirrus completed additional hydrologic monitoring on each coal tract. This monitoring effort was completed to meet the permitting requirements of the Utah Division of Oil, Gas, and Mining. Monitoring efforts included extensive water quality and quantity measurements on springs and streams within each potential tract.
Our final products consisted of resource-specific technical reports that included all data gathered for the project as well as the analysis. Concise reports were also developed by each technical specialist containing information for inclusion in Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the EIS for each tract. This work effort was completed in anticipation of future coal demands. Compilation of each EIS document was to be completed under separate contract once the tracts were leased. The project began in 2001 and was completed in 37 months.
Wolverine Gas Seismic Testing, Utah
Under contract to Western Land Services, Cirrus is completing a series of biological surveys for Wolverine Gas and Oil Corporation’s seismic survey program in south- central Utah. These surveys are necessary for Forest Service, BLM, and state permitting of geophysical surveys for underground oil and gas resources on several central Utah tracts. These surveys address special status (i.e., federally listed and agency sensitive) plant and animal species as well as raptors. Cirrus also assists Wolverine in the development of mitigation measures and monitoring plans and provided monitoring services.
Geophysical surveys are used to confirm previous data and to gather new or supplementary data on subsurface geology that is used to define the location of potential reservoirs of commercial quantities of hydrocarbons. By helping determine high-potential sites for test drilling and well development, these surveys reduce unnecessary drilling and associated roads, pads, and other surface disturbances. Methods used for geophysical surveys include Vibroseis (vibrator trucks) and shot holes (drilled holes with explosive charges) to create sound energy under the earth’s surface.
The five seismic line groupings covered to date include a total of approximately 560 miles. Species lists received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other federal and state agencies were reviewed and compared to habitats in the project areas. In areas where habitat existed for certain species, surveys were performed in accordance with agency protocols and under the direction of agency resource specialists.
Species were surveyed within their respective biological windows to ensure the data gathered met the required standards. GPS equipment was used to identify areas of concern or species occurrence. GIS mapping was then developed to report findings and identify areas of concern or buffered areas that should be avoided. GIS mapping played a critical role in the success of the project. GIS maps were developed based on the field surveys completed and then submitted to the client for use during project implementation and later during project monitoring.
A total of five seismic line groupings were surveyed in 2005 and 2006, and several other areas are slated for survey in 2007. The surveys provided sufficient support for the permitting process, and the surveys were completed on a time-and-materials basis within the agreed-upon schedule.


Dust-free & without belt contact
Maintenance and wear-free , Permanently efficient
The AirScrape has a 3-fold positive effect. It significantly reduces spillage and dust generation at transfer points and other critical areas in the conveyor chain. In addition, there is no contact with the conveyor belt, which significantly extends belt life.
The TailScrape works without contact with the belt and can therefore be operated permanently without maintenance. Used together with the AirScrape, the TailScrape results in considerable cost and resource savings. In addition, the strong reduction of dust development and contamination fulfils the requirements for occupational health and safety and environmental protection.
Many thicknesses and lengths
Simple fastening system (Manufix)


Class 10th Physics & Chemistry AP Board Solution
- List three metals that arc found in nature as oxide ores.
- List three metals that are found in nature in uncombined form.
- Write a note on the dressing of ore in metallurgy?
- What is an ore? On what basis a mineral is chosen as an ore? .
- Write the names of any two ores of iron?
- How do metals occur in nature? Give examples to any two types of minerals.…
- Write short notes on froth floatation process?
- When do we use a magnetic separation method for concentration of an ore? Explain with an…
- Write short notes on each of the following:i) Roasting ii) Calcinations iii)Smelting.…
- What is the difference between roasting and calcinations? Give one example for each?…
- Define the temp i) gauge ii) slag.
- Magnesium is an active metal if it occurs as chloride in nature, which method of reduction…
- Mention two methods which produce very pure metals?
- Which method do you suggest for extraction of high reactivity metals? Why?…
- Suggest an experiment to prove that the presence of air and water an essential for…
- Collect information about extraction of metals of low reactivity silver, platinum and gold…
- Draw the diagram showing i) Froth floatation ii) Magnetic separation.…
- Draw a neat diagram of Reverboratory furnace and label it neatly?…
- What is an activity series? How does it help in the extraction of metals?…
- What is the thermite process? Mention it’s applications in daily life?…
- When do we use handpicking and washing methods in our daily Give, examples? How do you…
Improve Your LearningQuestion 1.
List three metals that arc found in nature as oxide ores.
Three metals that are found in nature as oxide ore are : -
a. Zinc as Zincite[Zno]
b. Iron as Haematite [Fe2O3] and Magnetite [Fe3O4]
c. Manganese as pyrolusite [MnO2]
List three metals that are found in nature in uncombined form.
Three metals that are found in nature in the uncombined form are:-
These metals are found in the uncombined state because they are very much less reactive.
Write a note on the dressing of ore in metallurgy?
Ores that we obtain from the mines in the raw form are not very much pure and is usually contaminated with a very huge amount of impurities such as soil, sand, gravel etc.
Dressing of ore in metallurgy refers to a process in which we get rid of as much a possible of the unwanted rocky material already present in it.
What is an ore? On what basis a mineral is chosen as an ore? .
The minerals from which the metals can be extracted without economical loss and with the available technology are called ores.
A mineral is chosen as an ore based on the following considerations
a. Availability of the metal in a high percentage or composition.
b. Extraction of the metal from mineral should be economically profitable.
Write the names of any two ores of iron?
Any two ores of iron are : -
a. Haematite (Fe2O3) and
b. Magnetite (Fe3O4).
How do metals occur in nature? Give examples to any two types of minerals.
The earth’s crust is the major source of metals.
In the crust, some metals which are less reactive mostly occur in their free states like the ore of Gold (Au), silver (Ag) and copper (Cu).
Most of the metals are found in nature in the move combined form due to their more reactivity. The compounds of the metals which occur in
in the earth, crust are called minerals.
Any two types of minerals are:-
Bauxite (Al2O3.2H2O), Haematite (Fe2O3),
Zinc Blende (ZnS) Cinnabar (HgS) Galena (PbS)
Write short notes on froth floatation process?
Froth floatation process
a. This method is mainly useful for sulphide ores which have a very low or almost no wetting property.
b. The ore with impurities is finely powdered and then is being kept in water containing pine oil all of which are taken in a floatation cell.
c. Air under pressure is blown to produce froth in the mixture prepared above.
d. Froth so produced, takes the ore particles to the top surface whereas impurities settle at the bottom.
e. Forth is separated and washed to obtain ore particles.
The above process is as shown below:-
When do we use a magnetic separation method for concentration of an ore? Explain with an example?
Magnetic Separation Method:
Between ore and gangue, if one of them is magnetic and the other is non-magnetic. Then they are separated by magnetic separation method.
It could be seen in the extraction of the magnetic ores like Haematite [Fe2O3] and Magnetite [Fe3O4]
In this process, the crushed ore is allowed to
pass through electromagnetic belts; then the mineral particles are retained in the belt while the gangue particles are thrown away.
Write short notes on each of the following:
i) Roasting ii) Calcinations iii)Smelting.
a. Roasting is a pyrochemical process in which the ore is heating in the presence of oxygen or in the presence of air below its melting point.
b. The sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides by the process of roasting.
c. The products obtained in this process also are in the solid state.
Example - 2ZnS+3O2→2ZnO+2SO2
a. Calcination is a pyrochemical process in which the ore is heated in the absence of air.
Example – MgCO3→ MgO + CO2
a. Smelting is a pyrochemical process, in which the ore is mixed with flux and fuel, and then it is strongly heated.
b. During smelting, the impurities (gangue) in the ore react with flux to form a slag which is removed.
c. For haematite ore, coke is used as fuel, and lime stone is used as a flux.
Example- Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2 Fe + 3CO2
What is the difference between roasting and calcinations? Give one example for each?
Define the temp i) gauge ii) slag.
The unwanted rocky materials or impurities present in the ore are called gangue.
The impurities that are obtained during the poling process gets oxidized to form scum over the surface of the molten metal. This scum is called slag.
Magnesium is an active metal if it occurs as chloride in nature, which method of reduction is suitable for its extraction?
Magnesium is an active metal. It occurs in chloride form in nature as MgCl2. Hence electrolysis method would be a suitable method for its reduction.
Mention two methods which produce very pure metals?
Electrolysis and reduction are the two methods that produce very pure metals and are used I the extraction process of many useful ores to obtain the required metals in their pure form.
Which method do you suggest for extraction of high reactivity metals? Why?
Highly reactive metals like K, Ca, Mg, Ca etc., can be extracted by the method of electrolysis most conveniently.
The reason for the above conclusion are as follows:-
a. Simple reduction methods like heating with C, CO, etc in order to reduce the ores of these metals are not feasible yet.
b. The temperature required to carry out the above reduction is too high and very much expensive thus less economical.
Suggest an experiment to prove that the presence of air and water an essential for corrosion. Explain the procedure.
An experiment to prove that the presence of air and water are essential for corrosion is:-
Three test tubes, three iron nails, oil, water, anhydrous calcium chloride, rubber corks.
Procedure to follow : -
a. In the first step take 3 test tubes and place clean iron nails in each of them. Label the test tubes as A, B and C.
b. Pour some water in test tube A and cork it up.
c. Pour boiled distilled water in test tube B, and add about 1ml of oil and cork it up also.
d. Put some anhydrous calcium chloride in test tube C and cork it.
e. Leave these test tubes for a few days and then observe the nails.
f. It would be observed that the nails in test tube A and B would have rusted but not the nails in the test tube C.
a. In test tube A, the nails are being exposed to air and water. Hence the nails rusted.
b. In the test tube B, the nails are only being subjected to the water as the oil cancelled the exposure to air. Hence, the nails are also rusted here.
c. In test tube C the nail is only being exposed to dry conditions because the anhydrous Calcium Chlorate present had absorbed any moisture if present in the test tube. Hence, here the nails had not rusted due to the absence of air and water.
Hence from the above experiment we can conclude that air and water are essential for corrosion.
Collect information about extraction of metals of low reactivity silver, platinum and gold and prepare a report.
Extraction of silver
1) Silver occurs in both combined state as well as in the free state. The important ores of silver are Argentite (Ag2S) copper, Silver glance, Horn silver, Ruby silver etc.
2) Silver is extracted from the ore-Argentite (Ag2S)
3) The ore is crushed, concentrated and then treated with sodium cyanide solution.
4) The reaction forms sodium argento cyanide [Na[Ag(CN)2]].
Ag2S + 4 NaCN → 2 Na [Ag(CN)2] + 2 Ag.
5) This solution of sodium argento cyanide combined with zinc dust forms tetra ayano zincate and principle silver. This precipitated silver is called spongy silver.
Zn + 2 Na [Ag(CN)2] → Na2 [Zn(CN)4] + 2 Ag.
6) The spongy silver is fused with potassium nitrate to obtain pure silver. Then the silver obtained is purified by the electrolytic process.
Extraction of Platinum
1) Platinum is rarely found on its own, but in combination with other base & precious metals.
2) The extraction process of platinum is quite complex, which includes milling the ore and smelting it at high temperatures. This removes base metals notably the concentrate PGM (platinum Group Metals) – gold, platinum & palladium.
3) The PGM matter is further processed by electrolysis to remove nickel, cobalt & copper.
4) The high grade concentrate is treated by solvent extraction distilling, ion- exchange treatments to separate the PGM’s into its separate metals.
Extraction of Gold
1) Gold is usually found alone or alloyed with mercury or silver.
2) In all methods of gold ore refining, the ore is usually washed and filtered at the mine, then sent to the mill. At the mill, the ore is ground into smaller particles with water, then ground again in a ball mill to further pulverize the ore.
3) Several processes can be used to separate the gold from its ore, They are-
a. Carbon-in-pulp Method:
i. In this method, the ground ore is mixed with water before cyanide is added. Then carbon is added to bond with the gold.
ii. The carbon-gold particles are put into a caustic carbon solution, separating out in the gold.
b. Cyanide process
i) The ground ore is put in a tank containing a weak cyanide solution, and then zinc is added.
ii) The zinc causes a chemical reaction which separates the gold from the ore.
iii) The gold is then removed from the solution with a filter press.
Draw the diagram showing i) Froth floatation ii) Magnetic separation.
Draw a neat diagram of Reverboratory furnace and label it neatly?
What is an activity series? How does it help in the extraction of metals?
To understand the way in which the metal that are very close in properties to each other react and to obtain their order of reactivity we study their reactions with cold water, steam, dilute and strong acids and based upon their reactivity order in these reactions we make our activity series.
Arrangement of the metals in decreasing order of their reactivity is known as the activity series.
Use of activity series in the extraction of metals:
i) The method is used for a particular metal for the reduction of its of its ore to the metal depends on the position of the metal in the activity series.
ii) The metals at the middle of the activity series can be extracted by any of the following methods -
a. Reduction of metal oxide with carbon.
b. Reduction of oxide ores with CO(Carbon monoxide).
c. Self reduction of sulphide ores.
d. Reduction of ores with more reactive metals (thermite process).
iii) The metals which are present at the bottom of the activity series which are less reactive can be extracted by heating alone because these elements are often found in a free state in nature.
What is the thermite process? Mention it’s applications in daily life?
1) The thermite process involves the reaction of metal oxides with Aluminum.
2) When highly reactive metals such as sodium (Na), calcium (Ca) aluminum (Al) are used as reducing agents, they haver the tendêncy to displace the metals of lower reactivity from the compound.
3) These displacement reactions are highly exothermic. The amount of heat evolved is so large that metals produced in this reaction would be in a molten state.
Applications of thermite process:
1) The reaction of Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) with aluminum is used to join railings of railway tracks or to join cracked machine parts.
2) It is also used for joining of the cracked metal utensils in the house.
When do we use handpicking and washing methods in our daily Give, examples? How do you correlate, these examples with enrichment of ore?
Hand pickling can be used for cleaning rice, cereals, grading of vegetables and fruits etc., in our day to day daily life.
In the ore, particles and the impurities are different in their shape, size, colour etc., using that property, the ore particles are handpicked separating them from other impurities.
1) Washing can be used in our daily life to separate the impurities from cloth, rice, cereals etc.
2) In this process ore particles are at first crushed and kept on a soapy surface they are then washed with a controlled flow of water. Less dense impurities are carried away by water flow, leaving the more dense ore particles behind.


A mine waste water treatment scheme in north-east England is removing over 98% of the metals from drainage from old ironstone mines which feed into Saltburn Gill.
In 1999 a large mine water outbreak occurred which flowed into the gill quickly turning the stream a bright orange colour. This severely impacted the fish and river insects and smothered the stream bed in the gill and Skelton Beck. It also affected the bathing water quality on the beach.
Following initial work, the Coal Authority was asked, in 2013, to develop and build a mine water treatment scheme because of our expertise in treating water at historical mining sites. The treatment scheme works by using four lagoons, with cascades and a drying bed, to remove the iron from the raw mine water. The mine water is pumped to the top of aeration cascades and over a period of two days it flows down through each settlement lagoon where the majority of the iron settles. The sludge is then transferred through underground pipes from the bottom of the lagoons through into the drying bed where it is collected and removed. The treated water then passes through a polishing reed bed that acts as a further filter.


Avesoro Resources - Q3 financial results
ASO Mon, 13 Nov 2017, 03:30pm GMT
Avesoro Resources Inc. is engaged in the exploration and development of gold deposits in highly prospective and under-explored areas of Liberia and Cameroon. Avesoro Resources Inc. (formally Aureus Mining Inc.) was incorporated and registered in Canada on February 1, 2011 pursuant to the CBCA in order to facilitate the Arrangement completed on April 13, 2011.
Industry: Basic Resources
Geoff Eyre, CFO of Avesoro Resources, provides an update on the Q3 financial results, the progress at new Liberty and the significant Youga/Balogo transaction.


Shanghai Shan Zhuo Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. is a leader in science and technology, the pursuit of excellence, specializing in large and medium-sized series of mining machinery manufacturer, the main production Shanghai crusher, crushing equipment, sand equipment, mill equipment, mineral processing equipment, drying equipment , Gravel production lines and other heavy machinery and equipment. Company design - R & D - production - sales - after-sales service of modern high-tech enterprises, the company is located in (Shanghai) China Pudong New Area, 528 Chuan Wang Road.
Shan Zhuo Heavy Industries has a professional combat experienced R & D team, sophisticated processing equipment, skilled operators to create efficient energy-saving environmental protection industrial milling equipment and crushing and screening of complete sets of equipment nearly 20 varieties. Widely used at home and abroad and metallurgical, chemical, building materials, coal, ceramics, roads, railways, tunnels and bridges, airport construction, hydropower engineering, refractories and other industries. Adhering to a comprehensive scientific management system and excellent product quality, Shanzhuo Heavy Machinery has rapidly grown into an important production and export processing base for powder equipment and crushing equipment in China.
The company's production equipment not only throughout the country 26 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, but also a large number of exports to Vietnam, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Bangladesh, Kazakhstan, Southeast Asia, Africa, North America and other countries. The services provided by the company include Beijing Capital International Airport, Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway, Shenyang Expressway, Chengya Expressway, Huanghuang Expressway, Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, Baodong Expressway, Xulian Expressway, Jiangxi-Guangdong Expressway, Hangjinqu Expressway and Hexu Expressway Highway provides a high quality gravel screening equipment, has been recognized by the market and customer trust.


Weekly Gem #248, Anaconda's reason for being
Location: This hidden gem is located at the intersection of Cherry Street and Park Avenue in Anaconda, MT (see the Clue Me! Map).
This unremarkable slab of metal stands in front of the Anaconda visitor’s center. Most visitors barely notice it as they head toward some really nifty, antique, red fire wagons, or unique old rail cars. But that slab of copper, and others like it, are the reason Anaconda exists!
This metal slab is called an ‘anode,’ and it was the final product of the copper smelters in Anaconda. It is more than 98% pure copper.
Vast amounts of copper ore were dug from the ‘Richest Hill on Earth,” in Butte (25 miles to the east). By 1896 this five square mile section of the earth was producing 210,000,000 pounds of copper a year, more than half of the entire U.S. copper supply.
This ore needed to be refined into copper metal. Smelting the ore not only produces copper, but also high concentrations of arsenic, along with cadmium, lead and other heavy metals. Smelting copper ore in Butte made the townspeople sick so the mine owners decided to smelt the ore in “the boonies.” Enter Anaconda!
At that time, Anaconda didn’t exist. The town was built specifically to house the workers who built and operated the smelters.
Anaconda received copper ore from Butte. It was crushed, mixed with chemicals, put in a furnace, blasted with heat, and came out cleaned and pressed copper anodes! These anodes were shipped to factories where they were refined further into pure copper usable for cables, copper wire, plumbing fittings, and other ‘modern’ conveniences.
Here's the hidden gem entry from our Clue Me! map.
Anaconda's reason for being
An antique copper anode
Why It's Interesting
This slab of copper was produced by the Anaconda smelters. Although 98% pure copper, it still had one more purification step to go, at factories 'back east,' which removed the small of amounts of remaining gold, silver, and other 'contaminants.'


At ColdBlock Technologies we believe there is a better way than the status quo in the sample digestion market. We provide laboratories with unrivalled solutions to improve productivity and increase profits through innovative sample digestion products with unmatched speed, simplicity and safety.
ColdBlock Technologies offers an innovative sample digestion technology, ColdBlock™ Digestion. This versatile, patented technology shortens the sample digestion process to just minutes with reliable and precise results consistently demonstrated across multiple industries and a variety of sample types.
ColdBlock™ Digestion is the only sample digestion technology to use focused short-wave infrared radiation and a cooling block to shorten sample preparation time, accelerate sample throughput and achieve productivity gains more safely than current methods. The benefits to laboratories are substantial: 1) Shortens sample preparation time to minutes; 2) Unmatched sample throughput and productivity; 3) Accelerates Decision Making; 4) Easy to Automate; 5) Reduces environmental impact and 6) Higher occupational safety. Through distributor and sales agent networks, ColdBlock products have been delivered to customers across the globe.
ColdBlock is the recipient of many awards including Mining Magazine’s Top Ten Technology Innovation in 2015, Build in Canada Innovation (BCIP) Award partnering with Geological Survey of Canada in 2015, Canadian Mineral Analysts Association Best Technical Paper in 2016 (Uranium), US Society of Mineral Analysts Best Technical Paper in 2016 (Large Sample Size Gold), awarded a Two Phase global project for Gold and Base Metals through AMIRA International in 2017 and awarded Host of the 2019 Canadian Mineral Analysist Conference in 2019.


UK ALUFER Mining Group completed the first phase of the construction of the Bel Air bauxite project in Guinea
On August 4, 2018, the Guinea branch of the UK's Alufer Mining Group issued a press release. The company completed the first phase of infrastructure construction on August 3 in the Bel Air bauxite project in Bofa province, Guinea.
News Background: Brief Introduction of BOFFA Bauxite Mine Project of ALUFER Company, UK
I. Basic information of the project
ALUFER is a UK-registered mining company. ALUFER is a Guinea-registered local corporation named Bel Air Mining, which acquired an bauxite mine in BOFFA in northeastern Guinea.
The UK's ALUFER mining site in Guinea is located in the province of La Vouque de Boffa (la sous-préfecture de Doupourou) in the Région de Boké region.
It is 15 kilometers from the Atlantic Ocean estuary and has a proven reserves of 146 million tons of bauxite.
On February 1, 2016, ALUFER of the United Kingdom and the Ministry of Geology and Minerals of Guinea signed the Basic Agreement on Mining Rights. The core terms of the agreement are:
1. The Guinean government accounts for 15% of the shares in the project (no capital contribution), and the British ALUFER company accounts for 85% of the capital injection and investment.
2. In the first 5 years of the project, the project enjoys a series of preferential tax relief benefits, such as exemption from minimum package tax, exemption from corporate profit tax, exemption from land tax, exemption from mining license tax, exemption from resource tax. Wait.
3. ALUFER Company promises to invest no less than US$500 million during the entire mining period; among them, the infrastructure investment in the first phase of the start-up phase is US$185 million, directly and indirectly creating more than 3,000 local employees.
4. Several parties promised not to adopt measures such as national expropriation, confiscation, nationalization and localization.
On June 3, 2016, the Guinean Ministry of Geology and Minerals submitted the text of the bauxite mining rights agreement signed by the Guinean government and the British ALUFER company to the Guinean National Assembly. The Minister of Geology and Minerals gave a statement to the National Assembly. After deliberation, the National Assembly of Guinea approved the agreement. So far, the mining rights agreement of the project has completed the approval process stipulated in the Guinea Mining Law.
Second, the infrastructure plan
ALUFER plans to invest in a deepwater terminal at the Atlantic Ocean estuary to accommodate 100,000 tons of bulk carriers. Construction of a 15km long asphalt road from the mining area to the terminal. It is planned to use the mine transportation to drive the ore to the terminal, ship and export.
The first phase of the infrastructure project started in early 2017 and was completed by the end of 2018. The second phase of the infrastructure project was started in early 2019 and completed in 2021.
In 2018-2023, it plans to export 5 million tons of bauxite mines in the year and increase it to 10 million tons after 2023. For environmental protection reasons, the ALUFER mining method does not use the traditional explosive method, but directly uses large dedicated excavators to excavate.
According to the official website of the Guinean Ministry of Geology and Minerals, on January 13, 2017, Guinean Minister of Mines and Minerals Maghasuba held a working meeting with senior officials of the British ALUFER Mining Company to start the foundation of the British ALUFER company in the BOFFA mine project in Guinea. Exchange of views on facility construction.
According to its plan, the company will invest $185 million in the construction of a mine camp, office space, a 15 km road, port loading facilities Mechanical equipment, etc.
On February 3, 2017, the British ALUFER Mining Company held a groundbreaking ceremony for infrastructure construction in the bauxite project in Bofa Province, Guinea. Guinean President Conte attended the groundbreaking ceremony.
The name of the Guinean corporation incorporated in Guinea by the British ALUFER Mining Company is: Bel-Air Mining.
On November 4, 2017, Guinean Minister of Mines and Geology Ma Jia Suba recently visited the ALUFER Mining Company in the Bel Air Mine of Bauxite in the Bokai Region of Guinea to supervise and inspect the progress of infrastructure construction of the project.
The main contents of the infrastructure project of the British ALUFER Mining Company in the Baux Air Mine of the Bauxite Mine in the Bokai Region of Guinea are:
Construction of a dedicated facility for the export of bauxite, including the construction of a bauxite yard, a road and a 1.2-kilometre terminal;
a quarry that provides the necessary gravel for the construction of infrastructure;
a living base,
An ore transport road connecting all mines;
An office administrative facility
Up to now, the engineering volume of infrastructure projects has been completed 51%, ahead of schedule. It is expected that all infrastructure projects will be completed in August 2018 to achieve mining. After the mining, the planned export of bauxite is 5 million tons in the first five years, and it will increase to 10 million tons from the sixth year.
British ALUFER Mining Company's Bel Air bauxite project in the Bofa area of Guinea, 120 km from Conakry, the capital of Guinea, and 15 km from Cap Verga peninsula. Its bauxite reserves are: high The gibbsite is 146 million tons.
According to the plan, in the third quarter of 2018, the mine will be produced, and the first phase will produce 5.5 million tons of bauxite.
ALUFER Mining of the United Kingdom has adopted a simple logistics system in the Bel Air bauxite project in the Bofa area of Guinea: open pit mining, transporting the mined ore to the terminal by truck, storing it at the terminal, processing it, and then using the conveyor belt. Barges, barges are transported to large bulk carriers 32 km from the shoreline and transferred to large bulk carriers.
These bauxite mines will be exported to China and other countries along the Atlantic coast.


A New Supply Chain for
Mexico’s Silver and Gold
LODE is empowering small, licensed mining operations and creating a new, highly efficient supply chain for gold and silver production. The operations will be optimized with new technologies and brought under new management. By centralizing these operations, LODE will become a key producer of Mexico’s silver and gold.
LODE Mining is offering up to USD$50 Million in debt and equity to fund the aquisition of processing/refining facilities of gold and silver in Mexico, Central and Latin America.


Clayton Valley Lithium Exploration Test Reflection Seismic Survey Data Acquisition Complete
July 6, 2009
Vancouver, British Columbia … Rodinia Minerals Inc. (“Rodinia” or the “Company”) is pleased to announce an update on the Clayton Valley Lithium Brine Project located in Clayton Valley, Nevada. Clayton Valley is home to the only lithium producer in the United States. This plant extracts lithium from brines pumped from aquifiers below the valley and has been in production since 1967. The plant is designed to produce 1.2 million kg of lithium per year and to date has produced an estimated 50 million kg of lithium. Rodinia’s property is adjacent to this production facility. Hasbrouck Geophysics Inc., acting as a consultant to the Company, has completed the 2D seismic survey on the land package; analysis of the data is pending.
Jim Hasbrouck, BSc, PGp, of Hasbrouck Geophysics, Inc. reports that acquisition of 2.24 miles of reflection seismic data has been completed on lithium claims in Clayton Valley, Nevada optioned by Rodinia Minerals Inc. and under the Operatorship of GeoXplor Corp. The data was acquired along two lines with one essentially crossing the mouth of Paymaster Canyon at the northern extent of Clayton Valley and the other line intersecting and extending southwest into the flats past an existing lithium brine test well. This high-resolution reflection seismic survey used geophone intervals of 4.6 meters with a state-of-the-art 162-channel, 24-bit seismograph and 100- and 200-pound accelerated weight-drop seismic sources. Source points were acquired between each geophone resulting in a maximum common-depth-point (CDP) fold of 81.
This initial reflection seismic survey is designed with a large number of seismic channels, relatively close geophone spacings and high CDP fold so that a robust test data set will be available for interpretation. Previous reflection seismic surveys in the area successfully mapped features of interest for lithium brine exploration and this current test survey is designed to improve upon those results. The test data will also provide parameters that can be optimally modified for additional efficient and effective data acquisition. The results of this survey will supply information on both structural and stratigraphic features as related to the occurrence of lithium brines to depths greater than 250 meters.
In-field inspection of the raw data indicated high quality data and several reflections. The data is currently being processed and final results are expected within two weeks.
The Company plans to apply for drill permits as soon as drill targets are determined and mobilize drill crews as soon as possible.
ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD
Rodinia Minerals Inc.
Donald Mosher, President
For further information contact: (604) 685-6465
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