The company's field of activity in products such :
A three-dimensional image of the floor flotation cell.
Froth flotation is one of the most important and widespread methods of separating minerals and wastes, and at the same time one of the most accurate methods of mineralization, which, in addition to most minerals, metallizes many non-metallic minerals and coal. It can be filled with its help.
Copper sulfide foam in floating foam cell
In the flotation section, the ore mixture is ground and the mixture is mixed with water called pulp into the aeration cells. In these cells, the dough is stirred and air is blown into it; And a significant amount of foam forms on the surface of the dough. The production of foam in flotation cells is done by the rapid rotation of a propeller inside it. In any case, the floor bubbles bring with them a large amount of ore particles that are attached to them, and the particles of waste material that can not stick to the air bubbles sink down. Foams that appear on the surface of the liquid. It is regularly removed from the top of the cell by mechanical shovels; And pours into the atmosphere at the edge of the cells. Overflow floors, which contain large amounts of minerals, precipitate as sludge after washing the floor; Which is sent to the next stage after dewatering and drying
Flotation, a practical method for processing copper
The most important economic ores of copper are sulfide, oxide ores and mixed oxide and sulfide ores.
Sulfide ores are usually concentrated by flotation-pyrometallurgy and oxide ores by hydrometallurgy. In oxide-sulfide mixed ores, the feed is first divided into two parts by sulfation method: sulfide concentrate and oxide-waste concentrate. Due to the fact that copper sulfides are insoluble in acid, hydrometallurgical methods are not currently used for these minerals on an industrial scale. With the increase of environmental problems of pyrometallurgy method, hydrometallurgy method and under pressure leach have been proposed as an alternative method to pyrometallurgy method. Interview with Mustafa Molaei, Master of Industrial Projects, who talks about a practical method of copper processing.
Explain about the flotation of copper sulfide minerals?
"Flotation" is the most important concentration method used to process base metals. Flotation is mainly used to concentrate copper, lead and zinc sulfide ores.
In addition, flotation is now used in the processing of non-metallic ores such as coal, fluorite, phosphate, potash, and oxides such as cassiterite and hematite. In flotation, the separation of minerals is based on differences in the physical and chemical properties of their surfaces. In this way, after preparing the pulp with the chemical reagents used, some of them become hydrophobic and others become hydrated.
In selective separation processes, air bubbles adhere to the hydrophobic particles, transporting them to the surface and forming a stable foam layer. This foam layer can be collected by paddles located on the surface of the flotation cell.
At present, flotation upgrading is one of the most important and most practical mineralization methods. The common term "flotation" actually refers to floor flotation. To use this method, valuable minerals must have reached a sufficient degree of freedom. This is made possible by proper shredding.
The flotation method is based on the physical chemical properties of mineral surfaces in the pulp environment. Collectors, foaming agents, regulators, activators, and inhibitors are some of the chemicals used in flotation operations.
At present, flotation method is widely used in the world and is one of the most important mineral selective mineralization techniques. Meanwhile, column flotation is one of the newest flotation methods that has advanced a lot in recent decades and is more efficient than the usual mechanical method.
How is upgrading done by flotation method?
Column flotation cells are used in various mines around the world and in Iran in mines such as Tabas Coal, Miduk Copper Mine Complex, Kerman Coal and Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex and Songun Copper on a laboratory and industrial scale is used and is expanding.
In the last 20 years that columnar cells have been widely used in industry, a grade increase of between 1 and 3% and an increase of recovery of 1 to 3% compared to conventional cells have been reported due to the multiple height of the floor compared to conventional cells and the presence of floor washing water. In columnar cells, an increase in titer is almost always observed.
The use of mechanical cells in the mineral processing industry is generally fraught with problems. For this reason, new technologies in the field of flotation machines have found an industrial aspect, one of which is the flotation column.
How is copper oxide ores processed?
Hydrometallurgical extraction of copper from aqueous solutions using copper-iron cementation began in Spain in the mid-18th century. Also in the 19th century, leaching of copper oxides was performed by penetrating downwardly acidic waters that were made artificially, and copper was recovered from the solution by cementation.
This method was considered a suitable method for low grade oxide meshes which was not economical by direct melting. However, this method depended on the cheapness and availability of scrap acid and iron sources. Sulfuric acid has almost always been of interest due to the fact that it is easily produced from sulfide or sulfur minerals. The advent of the electroneing method for the recovery of copper from sulfate solutions compared to cementation which required the removal of scrap iron has led to the economics of the processing process in which partial recovery of sulfuric acid used for leaching and higher value of the final cathode product compared to powders Copper was of interest.
Despite these advantages, electroneing only replaced cementation in a limited number of cases, due to limitations such as the strong dependence of electroneing on the high quality of the leaching solution. Development in Copper Mining Solutions, for example in the mid-1960s, economic advances allowed the electroning method to be applied to impure solutions obtained from low-grade sulfuric acid leaching operations.
All three main operations, leaching, solvent extraction and electroneing, need to be carefully completed to bring the process to overall efficiency. This requires detailed evaluation of actions to be examined and to determine the best correlation in cases of incompatibility.
What are the common copper leaching methods?
Dissolution methods used for hydrometallurgical extraction of copper include in situ leaching, mass leaching, pool leaching and turbulent leaching. The mine has geological and economic issues.
In this method, due to the low grade of the ore and the lack of economic justification for its extraction, the ore is leached on site and over a long period of time. Therefore, in case the mineral texture has sufficient porosity in situ or before the underground explosion, it can be exploited in the same way in situ. This method is used in leaching metal minerals of copper, uranium and water-soluble salts.
This process was first used to recover coated tailings from rock containing small amounts of copper that could not be compacted by any of the conventional mineralization methods. The favorable and economical result of this process caused this method to be applied to many other reserves. Even high-grade copper oxide ores are leached in this way, provided that the acid consumption by the waste is not increased.
Making a mass The method of work is to pile the stones and pour solvent on it. The solvent, while passing through the rocks, dissolves the mineral in it and is then recovered through channels through the flowing floor. Mass sales are generally done in two ways: "dump" and "hip".
In this case, the crushed ore is accumulated in a place. It is not even necessary to prepare the floor in this method, but the surface on which the mineral is poured should not have any problems in terms of permeability and stability.
This method has less copper recovery (about 50 to 60%) despite lower capital costs than hip leaching. The reason for the low recovery rate is problems such as the formation of flow channels and uneven distribution of solvent in the rock mass.
The "dump leaching" method is more commonly used in conjunction with the "hip" method and is less commonly used alone. Depending on the type of dissolving ore, it may be water, an acidic solution, or an acidic solution containing ferric sulfate from other sales operations at the same mine.
In this method, the ore is extracted and crushed and after softening or algomeration, it is carefully accumulated on an anti-acid and impermeable substrate to prevent the formation of flow channels in some parts of the mass. The acidic solution is pumped from the raffinate pool and sprayed on the surface of the mass.
The collected pregnant solution is directed from under the "hip" to the pregnant solution pool. The charged solution is pumped from the Pilas pool to the extraction unit with a solvent. If the copper concentration in the pool is low, this solution is returned to the hip so that the copper grade is acceptable for solvent extraction. After extracting the copper from the charged solution in the solvent extraction unit, a barren solution is obtained which is returned to the "raffinite" pool.
How does the dissolution of a pool or reservoir of oxidized copper ores occur?
Pond or reservoir dissolution of oxidized copper ores is used to directly produce a solution containing copper at a sufficient concentration for electrolytic extraction. Compared to in situ leaching and mass production mass in this method is high and it uses concentrated sulfuric acid. This method is usually used for "ammonia leaching" of oxide concentrates obtained by gravity method and ammonia leaching of minerals containing free copper.
Reservoir dissolution requires immersion of crushed minerals (less than one centimeter in size, usually with 3 crushing steps) in sulfuric acid solution at a concentration of 100 to 1650 in large rectangular ponds. One of the most important advantages of this high recovery method is the production of a high-grade pregnant product of about 85 to 95 (suitable for electrovining) as well as the removal of filters and thinners.
Turbulent leaching is a rapid dissolution method used for very fine particles of refined copper oxide minerals or "purified calcites" in concentrated acid solutions at concentrations of 100-500 sulfuric acid. While on-site leaching and mass leaching take years and pond leaching takes days. Turbulent leaching takes 2 to 8 hours.
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Major modifications of California's freshwater sources began with the discovery of gold on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, in 1848. Early prospectors looked for gold by agitating ore and stream water in a pan and watching for the heavier gold particles to separate from sand and mud and settle at the bottom of the pan. By the mid-1850s, however, more water-intensive methods of extracting gold were used.
Hydraulic mining involved aiming high-pressure water hoses at the side of the mountain to clear away topsoil, and filtering out the gold from the gravel and debris that washed down. This technique was very destructive environmentally.
Sand, silt, and gravel from the mines clogged the Sacramento and other rivers, causing damaging floods and making navigation by steamboat nearly impossible. Farmers whose land had been ruined began seeking redress from the courts. In 1884, a judge from the US 9th Circuit Court issued an injunction against all hydraulic mining in the state.


What Is Rock Salt? Uses and Substitutes
What Is Rock Salt? Uses and Substitutes2021-04-30(20867)
Rock salt is a natural mineral that has been used for centuries to keep foods fresh for a long time. Today, rock salt is a cost-effective and productive solution in a variety of industries including the chemical industry, textiles, health, and ice management, as well as domestic use.
We will answer questions such as "What is rock salt?", "What is it used for?", "What are its chemical components?" in this article while explaining the uses and substitutes of this miraculous creation of nature; the rock salt.
Rock salt, also known by its industrial name 'halite' is an unrefined, mineral form of sodium chloride, which is consumed as table salt. Rock salt mines were formed as a result of the evaporation of vast saltwater deposits such as the oceans or lakes. These mines are located about 1,200 meters (3,937 feet) below sea level or deeper.
Rock salt has a melting point of 800°C (1,472°F / 1,073.15°K), and a boiling point of 1412°C (2,573.6°F / 1,685.15°K) of rock salt. It is usually colorless, gray, or nearly black, and rarely found in white or translucent white, but depending on the way it is processed can be gray, yellow, red, blue, or green.
Since rock salt is a natural mineral, it is not manufactured, it is mined from the mines, but it can be processed and prepared for consumption for various purposes. The ions 'Na' (sodium) and 'Cl' (chlorine) make up the rock salt formula. In its purest form, it is made up of roughly 40% sodium and 60% chlorine.
The purity of the rock salt extracted from each mine varies depending on the underground richness in the geology in which the rock salt bed is located. In its natural state, rock salt can also contain over 80 different minerals including iron (Fe), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K).
The natural color of rock salt comes from these foreign substances. As natural rock salt is studied, clay, fossil waste, and other foreign substances can be contained in the rock salt formula, along with various minerals.
While processed rock salt is suitable for industrial use because it is devoid of all other minerals, it loses much of its natural structure and thus its health benefits. Therefore, it should be borne in mind that processed rock salt contains only sodium chloride, which can be harmful to health in excessive consumption.
Rock salt is most commonly used in the manufacture of soda ash with industrial names sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃). The second highest use area of the rock salt is ice management. Contrary to common opinion, domestic use of rock salt accounts for the smallest percentage of total use.
Sodium carbonate: It is used in the manufacturing of glass, paper, soap and detergent, flue gas treatment, and water and wastewater treatment.
Sodium bicarbonate: Also known as ‘sodium hydrogen carbonate’. It comes in 3 types for different purposes: food, feed, and technical industries. Sodium bicarbonate is used as baking soda in the food industry and as a food and beverage additive.
It is used in the technical field in toothpaste manufacturing, detergent manufacturing, paper manufacturing, textile industry, leather industry, chemical industry, flue gas treatment, water and wastewater treatment, and health sectors. In addition, sodium bicarbonate is an essential component in the manufacture of animal feed.
Processed rock salt is used to make feedstocks including soda ash, chlorine, and sodium hydroxide. These feedstocks are commonly used in the manufacture of glass, paper, ceramic, plaster, toothpaste, soap, detergent, medication, pesticides, various other chemical components, and coal sulfur decomposition, and reusing zeolites processes.
The rock salt is used in the highway deicing process without being processed in any way. It is ground only at the proper size. Salt does not dissolve the ice, but it does lower the melting temperature of it. Wet rock salt adheres well to asphalt and concrete. The amount of salt used is also reduced in this manner.
Since it contains minerals other than sodium chloride, unprocessed rock salt is a more beneficial option than common salt. In addition to its use as a food additive in the form of baking soda and soda ash, it is particularly useful in food preservation methods such as pickling, brine making, and canning.
It aids in the long-term preservation of cheese, meat, and vegetables without causing them to spoil or lose their nutritional value. If ground to the proper size, rock salt can also be eaten by sprinkling it on the dishes.
Rock salt can also be used for decorative purposes without grinding. The most common decorative use is rock salt lamps. While claims have been made that these lamps remove negative ions from the air, make breathing easier, or absorb toxins, none of these claims have been proved.
The rock salt lamps are particularly dangerous in homes with pets, despite their attractiveness as a night light. Animals who lick or eat the salt may contract fatal diseases.
For domestic use, several different forms of refined salt can be used instead of rock salt. For cooking, rock salt substitutes such as iodized table salt, sea salt, kosher salt are suitable, but for pickling, brine making, and canning natural rock salt is the only choice for now.
Stone grits, sand, calcium chloride, calcium magnesium acetate, magnesium chloride are all effective options as rock salt substitutes for road deicing, but each can be used in specific seasonal conditions and areas.
Rock salt substitutes should be considered in highway deicing operations, particularly in areas where there is a lot of plant and animal life on the side of the road.
As Koyuncu Salt, we are proud to be Turkey’s largest salt producer and exporter with salt exports to more than 50 countries on 5 continents over the past 55 years. To become a member of the Koyuncu Salt family, the largest salt producer of Turkey, or to learn more about our products, please contact us right away!


1 edition of Electrical earthingin coal mines. found in the catalog.
Electrical earthingin coal mines.
by National Coal Board, Headquarters Technical Department in Burton-on-Trent (Ashby Rd., Stanhope Bretby, Burton-on-Trent, Staffs, DE15 0QD)
Written in English
|Series||Information handbook -- IH/1|
|Contributions||National Coal Board. Headquarters Technical Department.|
|The Physical Object|
|Number of Pages||45|
Electrical Engineer Mining jobs now available. Application Developer, Electrical Designer, Mining Engineer and more on Coal mining engineers design mines and develop systems and processes for extracting coal from the Earth. Anyone wishing to work in this field must complete a bachelor's engineering degree that focuses on mining, geology or civil engineering. According to the National Association of Colleges and Employers, the starting.
World's Best PowerPoint Templates - CrystalGraphics offers more PowerPoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Winner of the Standing Ovation Award for “Best PowerPoint Templates” from Presentations Magazine. They'll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance - the kind of sophisticated look that . Electrical Engineering for Mining. BARTEC offers an array of individual solutions and components in every stage of coal mining: as single device, for the integration in existing systems or as a complete electrotechnical system. Our experts design, manufacture and supply apparatus tailored to customers‘ specifications for mobile and stationary.
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements; chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal is formed when dead plant matter decays into peat and is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of y: carbon. Electrical Engineer Mining jobs now available. Electrical Engineer, Project Engineer, Instrumentation Engineer and more on
Report of the Committee of Commerce and Manufactures, to whom was referred on the 5th instant, the petition of Thomas Jenkins, and Sons.
Schaums outline of theory and problems of laplace transforms.
Dutch Hollow and Factory Hollow
history of the press and public opinion in China
On robustness of tests of correlation coefficient
History of the World Cup
Introduction to Proteaceae of Western Australia
Atlas of cutaneous surgery
Review of communicable disease control in Northern Ireland
The effects of stimulus familiarity and instructions on perceptual strategies
The invisible poet
Ranking of World Stock Markets
The Electrical Engineering Department at Colorado School of Mines is the top choice in Colorado for students who seek to become leaders in the engineering profession while serving the community and society at large.
The program provides cutting-edge educational training, research experience and project-based learning, with specialties in antenna and wireless. The Division of Mines employs two electrical specialists. One works out of the Big Stone Gap office and the other from the Lebanon office. Electrical specialists are fully equipped with modern instruments which are used to test and evaluate mine surface high voltage substations and underground and surface electrical systems and installations.
Bureau’s electrical section stated that, “There is a distinct branch of electrical engineering in connec-tion with the equipment of mines. The conditions in mines are very different from those on the surface.
Not only is it more dificult to install and properly maintain electrical equipment underground, but,File Size: 1MB. Mine Electrical Systems. Longwall mining is a highly productive method of recovering coal and other minerals from underground mines.
This method of mining requires large horsepower motors with complex motor control arrangements which Electrical earthingin coal mines.
book be housed in explosion proof enclosures or non-explosion proof enclosures. Substations are used by. The bureau approves a number of electrical devices for use in mines, but underground mines continue using unapproved equipment. Approved devices included drills, battery locomotives, electric cap lamps, and coal-cutting machines.
During this year, the industry released an electrical safety inspection guide. tor for electrical power systems in open pit and underground coal mines in Germany. Electrical installations, during that time period, had to be disconnected for high pot testing purposes, an activity which inevitably led to production inspired him to develop an “Insulation Monitoring Device and ground fault indicator for three-phaseFile Size: 1MB.
methane and coal dust explosions, ground fall accidents and health issues have been significantly reduced. The contribution of NIOSH research includes products for prevention and survival of mine fires, methane control measures, design procedure for underground coal mines, methods for excavation surface controls, methods and.
Electricians install and maintain electrical systems. In the minerals and energy industry they are responsible for establishing and ensuring ongoing supplies of power from generators to plant and accommodation units. They may perform the following tasks: Repair and maintain all electrical equipment and process control; Maintain lighting, switches and electrical equipment in safe.
Electrical Earthing, Grounding, Methods Of Earthing, Types of Earthing, Components of Earthing And Its Specifications In Respect To Electrical Earthing for Electrical Installations. To connect the metallic (conductive) Parts of an Electric appliance or installations to the earth (ground) is called Earthing or Grounding.
UNDERGROUND COAL MINES ELECTRICAL RULES r.2 "Apparatus"-All electrical appliances, machines, fittings, con- suming devices, control and protective gear in which con- ductors are used or of which they form a part.
"Approved"-Approved by the Chief Inspector. "Approved Form"-A form approved as provided in these Rules and kept at a mine for the File Size: 2MB. (3) possess a current coal mine electrician certification from another state coal mine electrical program; or (4) be qualified as a mine electrician, but have not taken a Stateapproved coal mine - electrician examination or a federal coal mine electrician examination.
"Qualified mine electrician" means an individual who has completed the requiredFile Size: 2MB. Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground. Coal is valued for its energy content and since the s, has been widely used to generate electricity.
Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from iron ore and for cement production. In the United Kingdom and South Africa, a coal mine and its structures are a colliery, a coal mine – a pit.
Coal Mine Generation. Surface coal mining is a type of mining in which we remove the “overburden” — the soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit. This type of mining is the opposite of underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left in place and the mineral is removed through shafts or tunnels.
Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines on the safety measures used in keeping mining equipment grounded. Methods and instrumentation used in testing grounding equipment are presented. This report includes tables, and : Franklin E. Griffith, E. Gleim. This brief review of the development of electrical systems in coal mines has shown that mines have gone from DC (trolley wire systems) rail haulage to very complicated AC systems.
Introduction to Electricity 2 A. ELECTRON THEORY Everything around us, even the air we breathe, occupies space and has File Size: 5MB. Electrical Engineer For Mining Industry jobs available on Apply to Electrical Engineer, Mechanical Engineer, Reliability Engineer and more.
MINE SERVICES. Electric Power. The majority of Australian coal mines have power supplied by another entity to a surface substation on site. Power is fed through switchgear to main feeder(s) to required locations around the surface and to underground, at most modern mines at 11kV (even higher at new mines).
Coal Mining Electrician jobs now available. Electrician, Fitter, Technician and more on 1. The Electrical Engineer is a “Service provider” to the Mining Engineer so that ever bigger toys can be run. Robust electrical equipment/electrically powered equipment that is “used” by non electrical people.
(Identified as fit for purpose.) 3. Continuous installation and retraction environment. Size: 1MB. customizable electrical systems to mines all over the globe. From substations, e-houses, trailing cable couplers, laboratories and pit de-watering feeders, to power analysis, protection studies and on-site service, UEE offers the complete electrical mining Size: 1MB.
This program will discuss some of the more common types of electrical hazards that may be found in underground mines. While being of benefit to certified electricians as a review, this program deals with basic electrical safety and is intended for .Coal plays a vital role in electricity generation worldwide.
Coal-fired power plants currently fuel 38% of global electricity and, in some countries, an even higher percentage. Modern life is unimaginable without electricity.
It lights houses, buildings, streets, provides domestic and industrial heat, and powers most equipment used in homes.Electrical engineering manager of underground coal mines August CEE1 – Application of electrical engineering to mining Instructions to candidates Unless otherwise stated all references to Act and Regulations are to the.
Work Health and Safety Act Work Health and Safety Regulation


Abandoned Mine Photos Tell A Story Of Their Own (50 Photos and Video)
"A live-journal blogger Mr. Mishainik has been on a trip and he has explored an abandoned Ural mountain mine. You see, during the second world war most of Russian mining was moved to Ural due to safety. Due to war machine production resources were in high demand by the army so the mining volumes escalated tremendously. This is a visit to one mine, where ww2 Russian workers were built and mining ore for the needs of the Soviet army. Even though production stopped decades ago, the cars are still loaded with ore. Spooky!" Slavorum.org reports
These amazing photos tell a story of their own about what might have happened there:
Ural mountains - a treasure trove of various minerals. Of the 55 species of the most important minerals, which were developed in the USSR, in the Urals presented 48. Mostly Urals - a source of ferrous, non-ferrous and rare metals and semi-precious stones and non-metallic minerals.
The mining industry of the Urals dates back to the time of Chud mines. Since then, after the mining of mineral resources, there was a set of mining - mines , tunnels , quarries . Some of them are recultivated and disappear from the earth, but some still remain accessible to the public. Each mine has its own unique history and inherent beauty.


Ansteel Mining Co., Ltd is a leading enterprise of metallurgical mine in China. Since the founding of our country, it has produced 1.5 billion tons of iron ore. It has 11 iron ore mines, 9 -benificiation plants, 1 sintering plant, 2 pelletizing plants and 4 auxiliary material mines. Annual production scale: 120 million tons of iron ores, 41 million tons of fine iron ores, 6 million tons of pellets, 3.8 million tons of sinter ores and 10 million tons of limestone. At present, the corporation has the most resources in the world and the unique large-sized iron ore enterprise with the complete industry chain, integrated by prospecting, mining, benificiation, civil blasting engineering, mine equipment manufacturing, resource comprehensive utilization industry and logistics trade, process R&D and design as well as engineering technology output.
Ansteel Mining Co., Ltd builds a stronger and bigger resource industry, promotes the development of industrialization and internationalization, implements strategic cost management based on the value chain in a creative way and builds intelligent mines. It has developed the critical technology of mining and beneficiation of “iron improvement and silicon reduction”, “collaborative exploitation” and the “integration of underground mining and beneficiation”, created a “Five-grade (i.e. geologic grade, mined ore grade, crude ore grade, concentrate grade and furnace burden grade) Linkage” theory and model for mine and metallurgical system engineering, successfully tackled an international problem in effectively developing and utilizing lean iron ore. It has reached international leading level in beneficiation technology and product quality and built a green mine with the harmonious development between human beings and nature and has become the first batch of smart manufacturing demonstration enterprise in China. The corporation won 4 national technological progress awards and 7 national management innovation achievement awards successively. As a leading unit, it prepared domestic first medium and long-term development planning of iron ore industry as a leading role, It also completed the preparation, review and issuance for 14 national standards and 6 industry standards successively.
Australian Karara iron ore


India Bore Diamond Holdings (IBDH), one of two Australian companies currently operating in Western Australia’s Ellendale field, has confirmed the presence of two separate diamond gravel beds at its site.
A variety of colorless, yellow, and brown gem-quality diamonds have been found in the upper layers of Formation A and deeper layers of B, ranging in weight from 0.41 to 0.66 carats.
The discovery was made after evaluating a small volume of gravel samples for this year’s mining season.
Last year also saw the discovery of an extremely rare “double diamond” that is expected to boost the mine’s diamond output.
The 0.85-carat diamond, which contained a smaller stone enclosed in a cavity within the stone, was discovered about 200 kilometers below the surface in the same alluvial deposit.
In 2020, IBDH also discovered unique yellow diamonds with a rare purple fluorescence in the same area.
IBDH is one of a handful of miners trying to ramp up production of colored diamonds to meet growing global demand amid supply shortages following the closure of the Argyle mine, which was the largest source of colored diamonds, especially pink diamonds.
At the beginning of 2021, IBDH received a lease for a period of 21 years on the L-Channel field with an area of about 2300 hectares.
The Ellendale diamond field is estimated to contain at least 1.3 million carats of gem-quality diamonds, including fancy yellow diamonds. IBDH is one of two companies (the other being Burgundy Diamond Mines) that are currently exploring diamond deposits in the region, located about 135 kilometers east of Derby in the western Kimberley.
Opened in 1976, the Ellendale mine was once the world’s largest producer of fancy yellow diamonds and had an exclusive supply agreement with Tiffany & Co.
However, production ceased in 2015 when the previous owner, Kimberley Diamond Company, went into liquidation.


Molycorp Inc, the largest rareearthsminer in the US and at one point one of the largest rareearthsminers in the world is reported to be close to bankruptcy.
Once worth around $6bn, Molycorps market value has fallen to just $114m. Soon, the company could be worth nothing.
Unfortunately, this reflects badly onRare Earth Minerals(LSE: REM). But all may not be as it seems
Molycorp is a global operation. The company has over 25 offices in 10 countries with more than 2,400 employees. Further, Molycorp has several joint-ventures with companies around the world that use rareearthsin their manufacturing processes.
Nevertheless, falling demand for Molycorps key rare earth metals has pushed the company over the edge.
Molycorp has been unable to turn a profit during the past three years. Since 2012 the company has racked up losses of around $1.5bn, debt has spiralled, and Molycorp is now struggling to fund interest payments.
A disasterwaiting to happen?
Rare Earth Minerals and Molycorp do have some similar traits. For example, Rare Earth MineralsYangibana Main andGreenland rareearthsprojects contain mineralssimilar to those mined by Molycorp.
However, unlike Molycorp, Rare Earth Minerals main projects are lithium mines. Molycorp had no real presence in the lithium market.
And this is where Rare Earth Minerals has an edge over Molycorp.
One of the key rare earth metals that Molycorp produces is lanthanum, which is used to manufacture nickel-metal-hydride batteries.
Lithium batteries are far superior to theirnickel-metal-hydride alternatives, giving Rare Earth Minerals an edge over Molycorp.
By managements own forecasts,Rare Earth Minerals estimates that the demand for lithium ion batteries for use in electric vehicles will more than quadruple by 2020. The demand for smart-grids to improve global electricity use will also drive the demand for lithium ion batteries.
According to figures already published by Rare Earth Minerals, the net present value(NVP) of all Rare Earth Minerals interests in theFleur El Sauz,Ventana,Yangibana andWestern Lithium projects amounts to $1.2bn.
Simply put, NPV is a profit figure that the company in this case, Rare Earth Minerals expects to receive over the life of the project after deducting investment costs and the companys required annual return. Or, to put it another way, this is the profit attributable to Rare Earth Minerals shareholders over the life of the mining projects.
And after taking into account the estimated value of Rare EarthMinerals resource base, coupled with the bright outlook for lithium, its easy to conclude that the company is better placed to succeed over the long-term than Molycorp.
Rare Earth Minerals market capitalisation is only 66m, a fraction of the companys resource base. The company could be one of the markets hidden gems.
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Can be cast into products from ingots. mineral does not contain iron but may contain some other metal such as gold, silver, copper or lead. Use the search tool above to find reliable producers. Which of the following includes non-ferrous metals? Prices for the CRU Alumina Price Index and the Fastmarkets MB Alumina FOB Bunbury Australia index are generally published according to the UK holiday schedule, please refer directly to the provider for the latest information on any amendments or changes. Find gold, silver, and copper futures and spot prices. Iron ore, bauxite, manganese ore are some examples. Aluminium is a metal that has characteristics of being durable, malleable and lightweight. Recycling metals reduces pressure on the country’s mineral resources, including coal, water and electricity used during the mining process. It is white or off-white, but it will appear tawny or light red because of adding iron. Non-metallic. 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All amounts are in USD unless stated otherwise
- Feasibility Study reflects optimized development plan and current cost environment
- After-tax NPV 5% of $622 million and after-tax IRR of 24% at $1,600/oz gold price
- 10.5-year mine life with average annual gold production of 174,700 ounces at AISC of $681/oz
- Years 1-5: Average annual gold production of 196,200 at AISC of $666/oz
- A 12% increase in mineral reserves to 2.0 million gold ounces
- A 7% increase in initial capital to $458 million and 44% decrease in sustaining capital to $83 million, resulting in an overall 4% decrease in LOM capital costs to $564 million
- Launch of project financing process targeting 60% to 70% from non-equity sources, with target start of construction in mid-2022
- Well-funded with $58 million of cash and $27 million of in the money warrants maturing in Q2-22 i
BROSSARD, QC / ACCESSWIRE / February 9, 2022 / G Mining Ventures Corp. (“ GMIN ” or the “ Corporation “) is pleased to announce the results of its 2022 Feasibility Study (the “ FS ” or the “ Study “) for the development of its wholly-owned and permitted Tocantinzinho Gold Project, located in Para State, Brazil (“ TZ ” or the “ Project “). The Study replaces the 2019 Feasibility Study (the “2019 FS” ) completed by Eldorado Gold Corporation (“ ELD “), with updated mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates, re-sequenced mine plan, refined mill designs, and updated current capital and operating cost estimates.
The FS confirms robust economics for a low cost, large scale, conventional open pit mining and milling operation, with industry leading operating costs and high rate of return. The Study outlines total gold production of 1.8 million gold ounces over 10.5 years, resulting in an average annual gold production profile of 174,700 ounces with an All-In-Sustaining Cost (“ AISC “) per ounce of $681. The Project after-tax net present value (“ NPV “) (5% discount rate) is $622 million with an after-tax internal rate of return (“ IRR “) of 24% at a gold price of $1,600 per ounce, and $833 million and 29% at a spot gold price of $1,800 per ounce.
Louis-Pierre Gignac, President & Chief Executive Officer of GMIN, commented: “The Feasibility Study builds on previous technical work while incorporating several improvements and optimizations, notably to the pit design, production schedule, process plant design and support infrastructures. The capital and operating cost estimates rely on recent budgetary quotes reflecting the current cost environment and our project execution approach. Our procurement strategy is to favor sourcing from in-country manufacturers where possible to maximize local benefits and benefit from simplified logistics. The Project provides an attractive gold production profile of approximately 175,000 ounces per year over a 10.5 year mine life, making it one of the premier gold development projects in Brazil and a key socio-economic contributor to the Tapajos Region of Para State. Factoring recent inflationary pressure seen within the industry from a new project perspective, GMIN has delivered a study that highlights a very attractive rate of return. Our experience and expertise, proven in recent successful mine developments for Newmont and Lundin Gold, will play a key role as capital is deployed to deliver on these economics.”
Table 1: Key Economic Outputs of the Study
|Production Data (Operations Period)|
|Average Milling Throughput||tpd||12,587||11,890|
|Average Milling Throughput||MMt / year||4.6||4.3|
|Strip Ratio||waste : ore||3.4||3.7|
|Total Tonnage (exclusive of pre-strip)||Mt||194.9||164.6|
|Ore Tonnage Milled||Mt||48.3||40.0|
|Gold Head Grade||g/t||1.31||1.41|
|Total Gold Production||koz||1,834||1,625|
|Average Annual Gold Production||koz||175||163|
|First Five Full Years||koz||196||187|
|Operating Costs (Average LOM)|
|Mining Cost||USD/t mined||$2.36||$2.77|
|Mining Cost||USD/t milled||$9.51||$11.41|
|Processing Cost||USD/t milled||$8.83||$9.03|
|G&A Cost||USD/t milled||$3.13||$2.99|
|Total Site Costs||USD/t milled||$21.48||$23.43|
|Total Site Costs||USD/oz||$565||$577|
|Total Operating Costs / Cash Costs||USD/oz||$623||$633|
|Initial Capital||USD MM||$427||$400|
|Life of Mine Sustaining Capital||USD MM||$71||$129|
|Closure Costs||USD MM||$24||$27|
|Capital Costs before Tax||USD MM||$522||$556|
|Net Taxes Payable||USD MM||$42||$35|
|Total Capital Costs||USD MM||$564||$590|
|Gold Price Assumption||USD/oz||$1,600||$1,500|
|USD:BRL FX Assumption||x||5.20||4.00|
|After-Tax NPV 5%||USD MM||$622||$409|
Table 2: Sensitivity Analysis
|After-Tax NPV 5%||USD MM||$410||$622||$833||$1,044|
|LOM Free Cash Flow||USD MM||$744||$1,043||$1,343||$1,642|
|LOM EBITDA||USD MM||$1,437||$1,792||$2,147||$2,502|
The Corporation retained G Mining Services Inc. (“ GMS “) and SRK Consulting Canada Inc. (“ SRK “) as lead consultants, along with other engineering consultants, to complete the Study and prepare a technical report in compliance with National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (“ NI 43-101 “).
Property Description, Location, and Access
The Project is an advanced-stage development gold project located in Pará State, Brazil, 200 km south-southwest of the city of Itaituba, 108 km from the Moraes de Almeida district, and 1,150 km southwest of Belém, capital of Pará State. The climate in northwestern Brazil is tropical, with a rainy season from January to April and a dry season extending from June to December. The average annual precipitation is approximately 1,957 mm. The land tenure totals 99,574 hectares (996 km 2 ) and is comprised of two mining concessions covering an area of 12,889 hectares (129 km 2 ), 23 exploration licenses covering an area of 76,116 hectares (761 km 2 ), and two applications for exploration licenses covering 10,569 hectares (106 km 2 ).
The Project is accessible by road via a 72-km municipal dirt road connecting to the Transgarimpeira State Road which connects to the Federal BR-163 Cuiaba-Santarem paved highway; the dirt road was built by ELD prior to the sale of the Project. Air access is via an existing 775m long airstrip; a new 1,300m long airstrip capable of landing larger planes is planned that will be used for personnel, priority supplies, medical emergencies and exporting gold. At the Project site, there is an existing exploration camp with a capacity of about 90 beds complete with kitchen, recreation room, clinic, fuel storage, core shacks, and office space.
Mineral Resource Estimate
Measured and Indicated Resources (“ M&I “) total 48.1 million tonnes (“ Mt “) at an average gold grade of 1.36 grams per tonne (“ g/t “) for 2,102,000 contained ounces of gold (inclusive of Mineral Reserves) as of December 10, 2021. Contained gold in the M&I category represents 97% of the global resource. The Mineral Resource Estimate for the Project is effectively unchanged from the estimate incorporated into the 2019 FS. SRK was commissioned to audit the mineral resource model prepared in the 2019 FS, to audit the surface garimpeiro tailings mineral resource model prepared by GMS (2021), and to assume the Qualified Person responsibility for these mineral resource models.
The mineral resource model only considers work completed by previous operators and consists of 78 core boreholes (22,134 metres) drilled during February 2004 to September 2008, and 74 core boreholes (22,030 metres) drilled during September 2008 to December 2010. In addition, some 155 tailing boreholes (1,594 metres) drilled in 2011 and 2014 were considered for the tailings mineral resource model.
Table 3: Mineral Resource Estimate
|Note: Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and have not demonstrated economic viability. All figures are rounded to reflect the relative accuracy of the estimates. Assays were capped where appropriate. Open pit mineral resources are reported at a cut-off grade of 0.30 g/t gold. The cut-off grades are based on a gold price of US$1,600 per troy ounce and metallurgical recoveries of 78% for gold in saprolite rock, 90% for gold in granite fresh rock, and 82% for gold in artisanal miner tailings. Effective date of this estimate is December 10, 2021.|
Mineral Reserve Estimate
The Project mine plan is based on Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves of 48.7 Mt at an average gold grade of 1.31 g/t for 2,042,000 contained ounces of gold as of December 10, 2021. The contained gold in the proven category represents 41% of the total ore reserve estimate, and the Mineral Reserves almost represent 100% of the Mineral Resource. The saprolite and garimpeiro tailings represent only 5% of the ore reserve contained gold (or 6% of tonnage) with the granite fresh rock being the main material type at 95% of contained gold (or 94% of tonnage).
The Proven and Probable ore reserves are inclusive of mining dilution and ore loss. The external mining dilution around the ore blocks results in a dilution tonnage of 2.6 Mt @ 0.11 g/t, entailing a mining dilution of 5.5%.
For mine planning purposes, GMS built a sub-blocked model for the tailings and the contact between the models using a SMU block size of 1 m x 1 m x 1 m and the remainder of the orebody using a SMU block size of 10 m x 10 m x 10 m in line with a bulk mining approach and appropriate to the style of mineralization.
Table 4: Mineral Reserve Estimate
|Notes: CIM definitions were followed for mineral reserves. Mineral reserves are estimated for a gold price of $1,400/oz. Mineral reserve cut-off grade of 0.36 g/t. A dilution skin width of 1 m was considered resulting in an average mining dilution of 5.5%. Bulk density of ore is variable with an average of 2.67 t/m 3 . The average strip ratio is 3.4:1/ Numbers may not add due to rounding. Effective date of this estimate is December 10, 2021.|
The Study outlines an average annual gold production profile of 174,700 ounces over the 10.5 years of mine life, with Year 1 as partial year considering 6 months of commercial production. Total gold production is 1,838 koz with an average gold grade milled of 1.31 g/t, and metallurgical recovery of 90%. Included in this total is 4 koz of gold recovered during pre-production with the balance of 1,834 koz during commercial production.
|Ore Milled (kt)||2,236||4,705||4,705||4,705||4,705||4,705||4,705||4,705||4,552||4,340||4,222|
|Grade Milled (g/t)||1.47||1.48||1.19||1.51||1.71||1.29||1.02||1.33||1.58||1.29||0.57|
|Contained Gold (koz)||106||224||180||228||258||196||154||201||232||180||78|
|Gold Recovered (koz)||93||203||163||206||233||175||137||180||209||163||70|
Mining is contemplated as a conventional open pit operation using 16.5 m 3 hydraulic excavators and fleet of 92 t mine trucks. A bulk mining approach is well suited for the massive ore body with mining to take place on 10 meter (“ m “) high benches. The mine is planned as an owner mining operation with blasting activities to be outsourced.
The mine consists of a single open pit that will be developed in four phases, which allows for deferral of waste stripping over the mine life and maximizing mill feed grade during the earlier years with an objective of optimizing the production schedule and resulting economics.
Table 5: Mining Physicals Summary by Phase
|Summary by Mining Phase||Unit||Total||Phase 0||Phase 1||Phase 2||Phase 3|
|Length of Phase||years||11.0||1.0||1.3||3.4||5.3|
|Gold Grade||g/t Au||1.31||1.00||1.41||1.30||1.30|
Pre-production mining will take place over a period of two years with a total of 17.1 Mt mined, which will provide for waste fill material for construction purposes and will expose higher grade ore prior to commercial production. The ore mined during pre-production will be stockpiled. A maximum 8.9 Mt of stockpiled ore is planned at peak capacity. This material will be stockpiled to cover periods of increased stripping and to match blending requirements for the mill. At the start of commercial production, a stockpile of 4.1 Mt is planned to be available containing 165,000 gold ounces at a gold grade of 1.24 g/t.
The open pit will generate 163.4 Mt of waste rock and 48.7Mt of ore, inclusive of historic garimpeiro tailings, over the life of mine (“ LOM “) for an average LOM strip ratio of 3.4:1. Mining activities are planned over a duration of 11 years which includes 2 years of pre-production mining. Once the open pit is depleted and activities are stopped, stockpile reclaim continues for another 1.5 years to feed the mill. The mining rate reaches a peak of 27.5 Mt/y in year 5 of production.
Processing and Recovery
TZ ore contains two types of gold associated with sulfide minerals; the first association occurs with pyrite, while the second association exists with pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite. The conventional process plant design for the Project is based on a robust metallurgical flowsheet to treat gold bearing ore to produce doré. The process plant is designed to nominally treat 4.34 Mt of granite ore per year and will consist of comminution, gravity concentration, gold flotation, cyanide leach and adsorption of the gold concentrate via carbon-in-leach (“ CIL” ), carbon elution and gold recovery circuits. CIL tailings, representing 5% of tails, will be treated in a cyanide destruction circuit and dewatered to produce a tailings slurry for storage in geomembrane lined ponds. The bulk of the tailings (95%) from the flotation circuit are inert and disposed in a separate facility.
The mill schedule includes two months of commissioning with ore with the second month planned to achieve 60% of nameplate capacity after which commercial production will be achieved with 10.5 years of operation. The peak milling capacity is 4,705 kt/y or 12,890 t/d of nominal throughput and is maintained for the first 7.5 years while softer saprolite and tailings material is available as “supplemental” mill feed at a rate of 1,000 t/d in addition to the fresh rock. Fresh rock will represent 94% of the total mill feed with saprolite and tailings representing only 6%. Mill feed will be maximized with direct feed from the pit and rehandled stockpiled material. The average annual plant head grade is detailed below in Figure 7. The combined average annual plant feed grade is 1.31 g/t Au with a maximum peak of 1.71 g/t Au in Year 5.
Table 6: Metallurgical Recoveries
Power is to be supplied from the Novo Progresso substation to the south, which will require the construction of a 198km 138 kV transmission line and a substation at the site. The Installation License (“ LI “) for the transmission line was granted in 2017. The new line will be parallel to the Federal highway 163 towards Moraes Almeida, then will turn west along the site access road and eventually connect to the site substation adjacent to the plant site. Average power consumption is estimated at 20 MW with a peak requirement of 24 MW. Emergency diesel generators will provide 6.2MW of backup for critical loads as required in the event of a loss of utility power. The capital cost of the transmission line is included in the FS.
Environmental and Permitting
Environmental studies were completed by the previous owner and the major permits required for construction were granted as follows:
- Para State Department of Environment and Sustainability granted the LIs in April 2017, which were later modified in August 2017, and are comprised as follows:
- Tocantinzinho Site
- Tailings Dam and CIP Pond
- Transmission Line
- Fuel Station
- Concrete Batch Plant
- National Department of Mineral Production (renamed National Mining Agency) issued the mining concessions in May 2018.
Due to competing corporate priorities, the previous owner was not prepared to move the Project to a construction phase and as a result requested that the LI’s be frozen for a period of two years. Promptly following GMIN’s acquisition of the Project, administrative initiatives were undertaken to unfreeze the LIs in order to meet the planned construction schedule targeted to commence in mid-2022. Additionally, GMIN has requested a two-year extension to the validity of the LI’s.
LOM operating costs are estimated at $565 per ounce of gold produced, or $21.48 per tonne of ore processed, as summarized below. The average LOM mining cost is $2.36 per tonne mined. The LOM AISC is estimated to be $681 per ounce of gold produced based on average annual gold production of 174,700 ounces over the 10.5 years of mine life, which places the Project in the bottom quartile of the global gold cost curve.
Table 7: Operating Cost and AISC Summary
|Mining Cost Summary||Total
|Cost per oz
|Total Site Costs||$1,037||$21.48||$565|
|Transport & Refining||$18||$0.38||$10|
|Government Royalty (1.5% GOR)||$44||$0.91||$24|
|Private Royalty (1.5% NSR)||$44||$0.91||$24|
|Total Operating Cost / Cash Costs||$1,143||$23.68||$623|
|Note: Total Cash Costs and AISC are non-GAAP measures and includes royalties payable.|
The Study considers two royalties on the Project:
- Federal Government Royalty: 1.50% of gross sales of the mineral product.
- Private Royalty: 1.50% of net smelter return of the mineral product.
The economic analysis assumes GMIN’s exercise of a buydown right for a cash consideration of $3.5 million at the beginning of the construction period, thus reducing the Private Royalty from its current rate of 2.50% to 1.50%. The buydown right is not included in the costs; however, it is included in the economic analysis calculations.
Capital Cost Estimates
The initial capital cost is estimated to be $458 million, which is inclusive of $38 million of contingency (10% before taxes), and $31 million of taxes. The initial capital cost is presented in US dollars using an exchange rate of 5.20 BRL/USD, with an estimated 54% to be spent in the BRL currency. The total construction period is 29 months.
To capitalize on Brazil’s domestic manufacturing capabilities, GMS and GMIN visited multiple in-country vendors, equipment suppliers, and contractors in preparation of the updated capital cost estimates. The capital cost estimates are supported by budgetary quotes received in calendar Q4-21 , with some of the key items detailed below:
- Multiple equipment vendors provided budgetary quotes for essentially all the mechanical process equipment;
- All major construction bulk material pricing is supported by several in-country vendor quotes;
- Labor costs are fully supported by in-country labor surveys conducted in Q4-21, with input from multiple mining companies, construction companies, and contractors;
- Capital cost for major mining equipment is based on budgetary quotes, with certain units fully negotiated and purchase orders issued;
- 44% of the $42 million required for major mine equipment is committed at this time with firm pricing secured, which includes a portion of the long-lead items required to meet the pre-production schedule;
- Includes twelve 92t mining trucks and a matching hydraulic excavator;
- 44% of the $42 million required for major mine equipment is committed at this time with firm pricing secured, which includes a portion of the long-lead items required to meet the pre-production schedule;
- Three in-country local contractors provided quotes for the 138kV transmission line; and
- Pricing of camp facilities and other support infrastructure are based on multiple bids and are already at the negotiation stage
Sustaining capital is estimated to be $83 million and is inclusive of $12 million of taxes. Over 60% of the sustaining capital spend will be incurred during the first 2 years of production, with the remaining spread equally over the LOM. Less than 40% of the sustaining capital will be spent in the BRL currency. The biggest cost driver of sustaining capital is additional mining equipment ($50 million) and tailings management ($17 million). The flotation tailings facility benefits from favorable topography involving the construction of only one main dam requiring approximately 1.5Mm 3 of fill in total for the initial starter dam and subsequent raises to be completed as part of sustaining capital. Fill material will be sourced from the pit resulting in cost synergies.
Closure costs are projected to be $24 million, inclusive of $5 million of contingency (30%). The process plant and some major equipment will have some salvage value after operations, estimated at $13 million, which is excluded from the closure costs but taken into account in the cash flow model.
Table 8: Capital Cost Summary
|Capital Cost Breakdown (USD MM)||Initial Capital||Sustaining Capital||Closure Costs|
|Power and Electrical||$58||–||–|
|Tailings & Water Management||$12||$17||–|
|Closure and Rehabilitation||–||–||$18|
|Sub-Total – Direct Costs||$240||$71||$18|
|Capital Costs Before Tax||$427||$71||$24|
|Net Taxes Payable||$38||$12||–|
|Total Capital Costs||$458||$83||$24|
Further Optimization, Cost Reductions and Project Potential
The Corporation believes there are potential opportunities to further improve the economics of the Project through the detailed engineering phase and over time:
- Optimization of comminution circuit following additional test work;
- Improved gold recovery with fine grinding of sulphide concentrate prior to leach;
- Increased Mineral Resources and Reserves at depth;
- Exploration success within the large surrounding land package; and
- Additional revenues from silver.
Corporate Update – Launch of Project Financing
The Corporation is formally launching the project financing process, which will be managed internally by Dušan Petković, Vice President, Corporate Development & Investor Relations. Before joining GMIN, Mr. Petković spent 10 years at one of the global leading financiers to the mining sector, where he was Principal, Private Debt, and a member of the investment committee that managed more than 80 investments totaling over $2.5 billion. Mr. Petković was responsible for the origination, structuring, and investment management of bespoke project financing transactions for single-asset emerging producers that included senior and junior debt, commodity linked notes, precious metal streams, and royalties.
The Corporation will be evaluating various sources of funding, including commercial bank debt, private debt, precious metals streaming, and equity, and will work to have the project financing secured to move forward with a construction decision by mid-2022. Targeting 60% to 70% of the capital required from non-equity sources, the key objective is to finance the project, manage risk and volatility, and deliver enhanced IRR and NPV 5% attributable to common shareholders.
Timetable and Next Steps
Over the next 12 months, the Corporation will be focused on the following activities:
- Project financing secured by mid-2022;
- Completion and results of 10,000-meter exploration and drilling program in Q3-2022;
- Start of detailed engineering in Q1-2022;
- Start of Project construction by Q3-2022; and
- Expected first gold production in Q3-2024 with first year of full production in 2025.
Conference Call Details
The Corporation is hosting a live webinar on February 10 at 10:00 a.m. Eastern time (7:00 a.m. Pacific time) with the GMIN executive team. All participants are welcome to join and can register in advance through the following link: G Mining Ventures Corp. (TSXV:GMIN) – Feasibility Study Webinar.
After registering, participants will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the webinar.
Feasibility Study 3D VRIFY Presentation
To view a 3D VRIFY presentation of the Study please click on the following link: Feasibility Study 3D VRIFY Presentation.
Technical Report Preparation and Qualified Persons
The Study has an effective date of December 10, 2021 and was issued on February 9, 2022. It was authored by independent Qualified Persons and is in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects.
GMS was responsible for the overall report and FS coordination, property description and location, accessibility, history, mineral processing and metallurgical testing, mineral reserve estimation, mining methods, recovery methods, project infrastructures, operating costs, capital costs, economic analysis and project execution plan. SRK was responsible for the geological setting, deposit type, exploration, drilling, sample preparation, data verification, mineral resource estimation, environmental studies, permitting and adjacent properties. For readers to fully understand the information in this news release, they should read the technical report in its entirety, including all qualifications, assumptions, exclusions and risks. The technical report is intended to be read as a whole and sections should not be read or relied upon out of context.
The Qualified Persons (“ QPs “) are Neil Lincoln, P. Eng. having overall responsibility for the Report including metallurgy, recovery methods, capital and operating costs. Camila Passos, MSc, PGeo, CREA-SP of SRK Consulting is responsible for geology and the mineral resource estimate. Charles Gagnon, P. Eng., is responsible for mineral reserves, mining method, capital and operating costs related to the mine. Paulo Ricardo Behrens da Franca, P. Eng. of F&Z Consultoria e Projetos is responsible for tailings management. Thiago Toussaint, MBA, CREA-MG, AMEA of SRK consulting is responsible for environment and permitting.
The technical content of this press release has been reviewed and approved by the QPs who were involved with preparation of the Study. In addition, Louis-Pierre Gignac, President & Chief Executive Officer of GMIN, a QP as defined in NI 43-101, has reviewed the Study on behalf of the Corporation and has approved the technical disclosure contained in this news release. The FS is summarized into a technical report that is filed on the Corporation’s website at www.gminingventures.com and on SEDAR at www.sedar.com in accordance with NI 43-101.
About G Mining Services Inc.
GMS a specialized mining consultancy firm based in Brossard, Québec, offering a wide range of services to both underground and open pit mining projects. GMS possesses the capabilities to develop a resource from the exploration phase, to development, into construction, commissioning and then operations. GMS self-performs project development with an objective of building fit-for-purpose and cost effectively. GMS was directly involved in successful construction and development of the Fruta del Norte gold mine in Ecuador (Lundin Gold Inc.) and the Merian gold mine in Suriname (Newmont Mining Corp.), among others. For more information, please visit www.gmining.com .
About G Mining Ventures Corp.
G Mining Ventures Corp. (TSXV:GMIN) is a mineral exploration company engaged in the acquisition, exploration and development of precious metal projects. Its flagship asset, the permitted Tocantinzinho Project, is located in Para State, Brazil. Tocantinzinho is an open-pit gold deposit containing 2.0 million ounces of reserves at 1.3 g/t. The deposit is open at depth, and the underexplored 688km 2 land package presents additional exploration potential.
For further information on GMIN, please visit the website at www.gminingventures.com or contact:
Vice President, Corporate Development & Investor Relations
Neither the TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this press release.
Cautionary Statement on Forward-Looking Information
All statements, other than statements of historical fact, contained in this press release constitute “forward-looking information” and “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of certain securities laws and are based on expectations and projections as of the date of this press release. Forward-looking statements contained in this press release include particularly, but without limitation, those related to the Study results (as such results are set out in the various graphs and tables featured above, and are commented in the text of this press release), such as the Project’s production profile, LOM, construction and payback periods, NPV, IRR, (direct/indirect, before/after tax) capital costs, contingency, industry leading operating costs, AISC, sustaining capital costs, free cash flows, mineral proven and probable reserves, M&I resources, open pit ore and waste extraction, mill feed, milling process and recovery, power supply arrangements and power consumption, and closure costs.
Forward-looking statements are based on expectations, estimates and projections as of the time of this press release. Forward-looking statements are necessarily based upon several estimates and assumptions that, while considered reasonable by the Corporation as of the time of such statements, are inherently subject to significant business and economic uncertainties and contingencies. These estimates and assumptions may prove to be incorrect and include, without limitation:
- future price of gold at $1,600 per ounce;
- the USD:BRL foreign exchange rate;
- the USD:CAD foreign exchange rate;
- the various tax assumptions;
- the capital cost estimates being supported by budgetary quotes;
- the labor costs being supported by in-country surveys;
- the project permits’ status, notably the timely reinstatement of all necessary LIs, and securing of all other permits and authorizations;
- the exercise of a buydown right to reduce the private royalty to 1.50% of gross sales;
- the securing and proper incurring of the necessary financing to bring the Project into commercial production; and
- all items listed on the above section entitled “Timetable and Next Steps”.
Many of these uncertainties and contingencies can directly or indirectly affect, and could cause, actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements. As future events and results could differ materially what is currently anticipated by the Corporation, notably (but without limitation) in the Study, there can be no assurance that the Study results will prove to be accurate as actual results and future events can differ materially from those anticipated in the Study. Particularly, but without limitation, there can be no assurance that:
- all permits necessary to build and bring the Project into commercial production will be obtained or, as applicable, reinstated;
- the price of gold environment and the inflationary context will remain conducive to bringing a project such as TZ into commercial production;
- outstanding warrants will be exercised and project financing will be secured;
- budgetary quotes will prove accurate;
- the business conditions in Brazil will remain favorable for developing mines such as TZ; and
- the Corporation will bring the Project into commercial production and that it will acquire any other significant precious metal asset.
Forward-looking statements contained in this press release include, without limitation, those related to (i) the Project’s improvements and optimizations outlined in the Report, (ii) the decrease in LOM capital costs; (iii )the 12% increase in mineral reserves ; (iv) the launch of project financing endeavors with target start of construction in mid-2022 (targeting 60% to 65% from non-equity sources); (v) the Project’s robust economics, notably its low cost and high rate of return; (vi) the suitability of a bulk mining approach; (vii) the production schedule optimization (notably through deferral of waste stripping and maximization of mill feed grade in earlier years); (viii) the pre-production mining providing waste fill material for construction; (ix) the Project’s simplified logistics and the Corporation’s procurement strategy to favor in-country sourcing; (x) the Project being one of the premier gold development projects in Brazil and a key socio-economic contributor; (xi) the Project being in the bottom quartile of the global cost curve for gold projects; (xii) the Corporation’s experience and expertise playing a key role to deliver the Project’s economics; (xiii) the numerous opportunities for Project’s optimization and growth as outlined under the above section entitled “Further Optimization, Cost Reductions and Project Potential”; (xiv) the above section entitled “Timetable and Next Steps”; (xv) the above corporate update regarding the project financing launch; and (xvi) generally, the above “About G Mining Ventures Corp.” paragraph which essentially expresses the Corporation’s purpose.
By their very nature, forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, both general and specific, and risks exist that estimates, forecasts, projections and other forward-looking statements will not be achieved or that assumptions do not reflect future experience. Forward-looking statements are provided for the purpose of providing information about management’s expectations and plans relating to the future. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements as several important risk factors and future events could cause the actual outcomes to differ materially from the beliefs, plans, objectives, expectations, anticipations, estimates, assumptions and intentions expressed in such forward-looking statements.
All forward-looking statements made in this press release are qualified by these cautionary statements and those made in the Corporation’s other filings with the securities regulators of Canada including, but not limited to, the cautionary statements made in the relevant section of the Corporation’s Management Discussion & Analysis. The Corporation cautions that the foregoing list of factors that may affect future results is not exhaustive, and new, unforeseeable risks may arise from time to time. The Corporation disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements or to explain any material difference between subsequent actual events and such forward-looking statements, except to the extent required by applicable law.
i 42.7 million warrants with a strike price of C$0.80 and average life of 0.4 years. Figures converted at USD:CAD FX of 1.25.
SOURCE: G Mining Ventures Corp.


PHS STROJÁRNE a.s. (Inc.) are manufacturing narrow-gauge locomotives and special equipment for tunnel construction and mining industries. Our designers and engineers put particular emphasis on simplicity and modularity so that our customers get the locomotive which meets their specific requirements for performance and safety, as well as ease of use and minimal service. Our company manufactures a broad portfolio of diesel, trolley and battery-powered locomotives weighing up to 20 tons with engine power up to 250kW. All our locomotives are designed in such way that they shall be able to operate reliably in the most demanding conditions. Diesel and battery-powered locomotives are produced in the versions for explosion hazardous areas according to ATEX standards.
Satisfied customer is our greatest reward. During more than 40 years production of the locomotives, we have produced more than 2,800 locomotives and some of our customers still use in their mines our locomotives made in the 70-ies of the last century.
Portfolio of our locomotives reflects requirements of our customers. Each project has its own specific environmental requirements, operation, performance, and each country has its specific requirements for certification and safety and our company is ready to meet all of them.
Our locomotives are designed to meet the conditions for operating in an environment where are used:
• Demanding conditions
• Required high performance
• Operation in potentially explosive atmospheres
• Small turning radius of the track-lines
• Extremely sloped climbs and descents of the track-lines


CLF Dividend History & Description — Cleveland-Cliffs Inc (New)
Cleveland-Cliffs is a mining and natural resources company. Co. is a supplier of iron ore pellets to the North American steel industry from its mines and pellet plants located in Michigan and Minnesota. Additionally, Co. operates an iron ore mining complex in Western Australia. Co.'s operations are organized according to geographic location: U.S. Iron Ore, where Co. is a producer of iron ore pellets, primarily selling production from U.S. Iron Ore to integrated steel companies in the U.S., Canada and Mexico; and Asia Pacific Iron Ore, consistinf solely of Co.'s wholly owned Koolyanobbing operation, which provides direct-shipped fines and lump ore.


3, 500 Tonnes Worth Gold Mines Found in Sonbhadra of Uttar PradeshSivaranjani Soundararaj (Author) Published Date : Feb 22, 2020 11:49 IST
Massive Gold Mine Found in Uttar Pradesh: A total of 3,350 tonnes worth gold mines have been found in two places Son Pahadi and Hardi of Uttar Pradesh. Significantly, these gold deposits found in the Sonbhadra district of U.P. is five times India's total reserve of the gold.
Uttar Pradesh mining director K K Roy said, "It was a success of two decades of searching. According to the reports of the Geological Survey of India, after 20 years of searching, the Central and State Mines Directorate has unearthed a gold mine in Son Pahadi and Hardi. It is estimated that 2,700 tons of gold in Son Pahadi and 650 tons in Hardi- totals to have 3,350 tons.
This is five times the amount of gold in India. The government has decided to auction this precious gold mine. For this purpose, a seven-person team has been formed to look into online auction activities. The mine is not only gold but also includes rare ores. Officials are also exploring the possibility of rare minerals like uranium in the area besides gold, Roy said.
According to the World Gold Council, India currently has 626 tonnes of gold. This is 6.6% of the global gold volume. According to the report, the United States has a maximum of 8,133.5 tonnes of gold. The next places are Germany with 3,366 tons, Italy with 2,451.8 tons, France with 2,436 tons, Russia with 2,241.9 tons, China with 1,948.3 tons, Switzerland with 1,040 tons, and Japan with 765.2 tons.
India will secure third place in the world gold Council ranking if the calculated amount of gold is ejected from the Sonbhadra of Uttar Pradesh.


The mineral sector is regulated by the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 (MMDR Act) and Rules framed thereunder viz. Mineral (Auction) Rules, 2015, Minerals (Other than Atomic and Hydro Carbons Energy Minerals) Concession Rules, 2016 and Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 2017 (MCDR) and others. The Act and Rules provide regulatory framework for administration, regulation and development of mineral sector in the country.
Mining is a subject mentioned both in the Centre and State lists, the Rules for major minerals are framed by the Centre and the mineral concessions are granted and managed by the States. The Centre administers MCDR through Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM) for the purpose of systematic and scientific development of mineral resources in the country.
The allocation of mineral blocks of major minerals has now been started through e-auctions for ensuring greater transparency and limiting discretion in the grant process, as mandated by the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015. The e-auction process for the grant of mineral blocks has laid the foundation stone for 'ease of doing business' in the mining sector in the country.
The preferred bidder is required to obtain several clearances/ approvals after the mineral block is allocated through e-auction and before the mining operations could commence. In the context of Prime Minister's 'Make in India' initiative, it is imperative that auctioned blocks commence production within the shortest possible gestation period. The objective of ease of doing business will get defeated if there is an undue delay in granting the requisite clearances.
In view of this and to facilitate and expedite various clearances / approvals required after the mineral block is allocated, it had been decided at the apex level to constitute an Inter-Ministerial Group (IMG) and call it Post-Auction Mining Clearances and Approvals Facilitator (PAMCAF).
Under PAMCAF, "TAMRA which stands for Transparency, Auction Monitoring and Resource Augmentation" web based portal and Mobile APP has been conceptualized to provide the status of mining block auctioned/ to be auctioned in India to the public in a 'transparent' manner. This would facilitate the preferred bidders and other stakeholders including States/ Ministry of Mines to 'monitor' the status of statutory clearances associated with the mineral blocks to expedite production from the mineral blocks, resulting in 'resource augmentation' and addition to the fiscal resource base of the States.
The process being put in place will, thereby, assist the stakeholders i.e. general public about the enhanced capture rate from the mining sector; prospective investors by way of sharing credible information on the pipeline of mineral blocks; the preferred bidders by way of putting in place credible clearance monitoring system along with effective feedback loop; and also the States on monitoring the cumulative fiscal inflows through the auction process.


Dyffryn Tanat and Region Development Trust
Chairman Kenton Owen QGM
Consultant David Higman MBE
Charity Reg. No. 1139072
Company Reg. No. 6905623
The Sweeney Pit was sunk by Thomas Ireland & Co. about 1836 and is shown on the 1837 Ordnance Survey map just to the right of the Oswestry to Llanymynech road (the current B5069) at Grid Reference 32893274). The pit was leased by Edward Croxon in 1842 who had also acquired the lease to the Drill Colliery a short distance north west from Thomas Ireland & Co. The coal seams worked by the Sweeney shafts were Rover at 419 feet, Black Shale at 435 feet, Upper Four Foot at 477 feet and Thick or Six Foot at the foot of the shaft at 499 feet. The Sweeney pit was however prone to flooding and from the mid 19th Century the coal seams were worked from the Drill Colliery.
1875 map showing the mine shaft in the Sweeney Brick Works
Source Wilf Jones
Blown up image of the Sweeney Brick Works showing the mine shaft in 1875.. At present the whole site has been sold for housing (November 2014)
Tracing of a document showing the underground workings leading out from the Sweeney Colliery about 1840.
Source Gordon Hillier
Tracing showing the underground workings of Sweeney Pit in the 1840/50's.
Source Gordon Hillier.
This document shows the extreme difficulty that the miners would have encountered as the dug down to find the coal seams. After digging down through various stratas, it was not until they reached 370 feet did they find the first coal seam (2 inches thick!!!) They continued down to 419 feet where they found a 2foot 3 inches seam. Down again to 433 feet to a 2 foot 9 inches seam. 435 feet to a 1foot 3 inches seam. 477 feet to a 2 foot seam and 499 feet to a thick seam ofr 3feet 4 inches..


Melkov is the successor company of JV-service, which has been active in the field of production and repair of equipment in the cement and lime industry since 1998.
The company JV-service s.r.o. was founded in 1998 from the former maintenance workers of the Maloměřice cement plant. The company provided production, service and assembly activities for Heidelberg cement Czech republic. In 2017, the name of the company was changed to MELKOV s.r.o., but the business activity remained. Currently, the company is working on developing its activities for other strategic partners in the cement and lime industry.
It has production facilities and machinery designed for professional production and service interventions. Our team consists of professionals with many successful implementations and satisfied customers.
CERTIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS
We are holders of certificates, ISO 9001, Authorization for mining activity and for activity carried out in a mining manner, Authorization for assembly and repair of dedicated lifting equipment.


Premium crusher wear parts
The metallurgy for HNS-CS premium range manganese has been developed in partnership with our foundry partner who is renowned to be the world’s leading manufacturer of crusher liners.
HNS-CS premium manganese steel that has been developed from the original Hadfield’s manganese steel specification, our variation can provide unequalled toughness with excellent resistance to abrasion, which improves as the steel work hardens in operation.
Available in M14, M18 and M21 manganese steel we have a cost effective solution to your specific requirements.
HNS-CS also supply premium wearparts in alloy steel, martensitic steel and chrome iron.
Cavity and liner selection
HNS-CS stock a wide range of cavity liner options for cone crushers along with many jawplate tooth profile options for jaw crushers and various metallurgies for impact crushers.
HNS-CS premium wear parts undergo stringent quality tests conducted by HNS-CS quality engineers utilising the latest state-of-the-art measuring technology and materials testing to ensure fit and performance.


Processed by: Processed by; machine-readable finding aid created by:Encoded by
Duncan Coal Company Records
The Filson Historical Society Special Collections Louisville, Kentucky 40208 USA
Open to researchers.
[Identification of item], Duncan Coal Company Records, 1900-1918, Special Collections, The Filson Historical Society, Louisville.
2 cubic ft.
Muhlenburg County, Kentucky coal company. Records include minutes of the board of directors and stockholder meetings, 1900 -1918, of the W.G. Duncan Coal Co.; articles of incorporation, 1900; payroll book; cash book; and general ledgers. Information includes management of the Luzerne and Graham-Skibo mines near Greenville, Kentucky; installation of electric power in the mine operations; building of two mine towns, including housing, schools, and company towns; issuance of bonds; building of a railroad spur to connect with the Illinois Central Railroad; purchase of new mineral lands; relocation of business offices from Luzerne to Greenville; coal tonnage produced; mining equipment ordered; and company store merchandise
Hosted by the University of Kentucky
Contact us: email@example.com


Mineral Material Leases (KE04)
This lease grants the right to mine common variety minerals or mineral materials, also referred to as salable minerals, which include construction and landscaping materials such as sand, gravel, boulders, loose rock, common clay, cinders and crushed stone or rock, or materials commonly used as aggregate, rip-rap, ballast, borrow or fill. Prior to applying for a Mineral Material Lease, a Temporary Right-of-Entry (KE29) must have been granted to allow for the exploration work necessary to define the deposit and confirm its economic viability. Prior to applying for a Temporary Right-of-Entry or a Mineral Material Lease, a technical conference with the Minerals Section is recommended.
Mineral Exploration Permits (KE08)
This permit grants the right to explore for what are referred to as locatable minerals, including base (e.g. copper) and precious (e.g. gold and silver) metals, as well as industrial minerals (e.g. potash, gypsum, and specialty clays and limestones that have unique and distinct properties).
Mineral Leases (KE11)
This lease grants the right to mine the locatable metals or industrial minerals that were discovered under the Mineral Exploration Permit. Prior to applying for a Mineral Lease, a technical conference with the Minerals Section is recommended.
Geothermal Leases (KE10)
This lease grants the right to explore for and develop geothermal energy resources. The Arizona State Land Department has not had a Geothermal Lease since the mid-1980s. Prior to applying for a geothermal lease, a technical conference with the Minerals Section is recommended.
Oil & Gas Leases KE13s
This Lease grants the right to explore for and develop oil and gas resources. This includes crude oil, natural gas, other hydrocarbons, CO2, helium, and other substances of a gaseous nature, which are also referred to as leasable minerals. Although actual production in the State is minimal, oil and gas leasing generally represents the second biggest use of State Trust land after grazing.
Special Land Use Permits (SLUPs) KE23s
This Permit grants the right to use the surface for mining or minerals-related activities where the Department does not control the subsurface estate. This would include for mineral exploration, mining of common variety or locatable minerals, or exploration and development of geothermal or oil & gas resources.
Energy Mineral Lease
- The processing of an energy mineral lease takes one (1) to two (2) months.
- The application is reviewed by the Minerals Section.
- A Surface Use Plan must be submitted and approved by the Land Department prior to exploration activities on the lease, such as drilling or geophysical surveys.
- If surface disturbing activities are planned, an Archaeological survey is required and a Biological survey may be required; in addition, any other applicable permits must be submitted for review.
- The review and processing of the Surface Use Plan is also done by the Minerals Section and again takes one (1) to two (2) months.
- Any drilling activities must also be permitted and approved through the Arizona Oil & Gas Conservation Commission (AZOGCC).
- A minimum bond of $25,000 is required by the AZOGCC.
- The Plan of Operations expires with the lease.
- If a discovery (oil, natural gas, helium, CO2) is made, the lessee will pay a royalty to the Land Department of 12.5% of the gross value of the production.