As the nation eagerly awaits the consecration ceremony of the Ram Lalla Temple in Ayodhya, Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to visit the city on Saturday, marking a momentous occasion with a series of inaugurated projects. The total worth of these initiatives amounts to ₹15 thousand crore, encompassing crucial developments such as the airport, railway station, highway, and the doubling of a railway line. This comprehensive transformation is poised to elevate Ayodhya's infrastructure and connectivity, fostering economic growth and regional development.
One of the flagship projects to be inaugurated is the Ayodhya Dham Junction Railway Station, developed at a cost exceeding ₹240 crore. This station is more than just a transportation hub; it's a symbol of modernity and accessibility. The three-storey building boasts state-of-the-art facilities, including lifts, escalators, food plazas, and childcare rooms. Significantly, the station is designed to be 'accessible for all,' earning certification as a green station building from the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC). This certification reflects a commitment to sustainability and environmental consciousness in infrastructure development.
Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath's visit on Friday underscores the meticulous planning and coordination required for such significant events. His assessment of the arrangements in place for Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit showcases the attention to detail and the commitment to ensuring a seamless experience for all attendees.
The prime minister is scheduled to flag off the Amrit Bharat Express trains at 11 am on Saturday. These non-air-conditioned LHB push-pull trains are equipped with modern amenities, including appealing seat designs, improved luggage racks, mobile charging points, LED lights, CCTV surveillance, and a public information system. The inauguration includes two Amrit Bharat trains: the Darbhanga-Ayodhya-Anand Vihar Terminal Amrit Bharat Express and the Malda Town-Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminus (Bengaluru) Amrit Bharat Express. Additionally, the launch of six new Vande Bharat Trains on various routes is expected to enhance the efficiency and capacity of the nation's rail network.
The prime minister is set to dedicate three railway projects with a combined worth of ₹2,300 crore. These projects include the Rooma Chakeri-Chanderi third line project, the Jaunpur-Tulsi Nagar, Akbarpur-Ayodhya, Sohawal-Patranga, and Safdarganj-Rasauli sections of the Jaunpur-Ayodhya-Barabanki doubling project. Furthermore, the doubling and electrification project of the Malhaur-Daliganj railway section will contribute to the modernization and efficiency of rail transport in the region.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to Ayodhya is not only a significant moment in the context of the Ram Lalla Temple consecration but also a transformative period for the city's infrastructure and connectivity. The inauguration of these diverse projects reflects a commitment to holistic development, showcasing the government's dedication to fostering progress and prosperity in every corner of the nation. As the projects come to fruition, Ayodhya is poised to emerge as a hub of growth, drawing attention not only for its historical and cultural significance but also for its modern and well-connected infrastructure.


After a 72-hour trial operation, the first unit of the Wudongde Hydropower Station, China's fourth-largest and the world's seventh-largest hydropower project, was officially put into operation on Monday.
The station, located on the border of Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in southwest China, has a total installed capacity of 10.2 million kilowatts, with an average annual generating capacity of 38.91 billion kilowatts.
It's estimated that the amount of hydropower produced by Wudongde station will save 12.2 million tons of standard coal. The clean energy will be transmitted to China Southern Power Grid to help develop the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and other areas.
The station will also serve as an important part of the Yangtze River Basin flood control system, as its reserved flood storage capacity is 2.44 billion cubic meters, equivalent to more than 170 West Lakes.
World's thinnest arch dam
If overlooked, Wudongde Hydropower Station is like an eggshell stationed at the Jinsha River's V-shaped valley.
The double-curved arch dam has a maximum height of 270 meters, but its average thickness is only 40 meters, making it the world's thinnest 300-meter arch dam.
The eggshell shape is the best design considering the location, which can achieve the maximum balance between security and economic factors.
Thin as it is, the dam can block the river to form a reservoir that can store about 7.4 billion cubic meters of water.
A seamless dam built by low-heat cement
The dam also marks the world's first to be fully built by low-heat cement.
In the valley area where the dam is located, the sunlight is strong with big temperature differences between day and night and low humidity. Under such an environment, it's difficult to prevent crack if ordinary cement is used.
The low-heat cement is relatively stable and can reduce the dam's temperature stress significantly, which effectively solves a global problem in dam construction.
Innovative solutions to technical challenges
The mountains on either side of the top of the dam are only 300 meters apart. Therefore, many of the structures – except for the 270-meter-high dam structure – are constructed in the mountains and underground due to small space.
The main workshop, which is the generator unit of the hydropower station, is located in the mountains on both sides of the dam.
Each side accommodates six hydroelectric generating units with a capacity of 850,000 kilowatts per unit.
The main workshop is as long as three standard football fields. It is 89.8 meters high, equivalent to a 30-story building, making it the world's highest underground power plant.
"Through hundreds of simulation calculations and tests, the core components of the hydroelectric generating units have reached the expected target," said Zhang Chengping, general manager of China Three Gorges Construction Management Co., Ltd.
Chinese President Xi Jinping praised the Wudongde hydropower project the same day and called for more efforts to adopt a new vision for development and scale new heights in technology.


Campus Development Committee Charter
Name of Committee: Campus Development Committee
Name of Committee Sponsor: Board of Governors
Date: June 2015
The purpose of the Campus Development Committee is to assist the Board of Governors to provide oversight of the University’s buildings, facilities and infrastructure to meet the educational, environmental, social, cultural and economic needs of the University. The Committee will do so by monitoring, evaluating and recommending to the Board of Governors significant priority facility and infrastructure matters of the University, including principles, planning and policies, in accordance with, provincial legislation, the University’s mandate, strategic vision and relevant policies and procedures.
The Committee has the authority to:
- Monitor and review the Campus Master Plan to ensure it continues to support Mount Royal’s overall mission and strategic direction and make recommendations to the Board of Governors on changes to the plan;
- Recommend to the Board of Governors major capital projects, including the project plans and associated business plans and budgets for consideration and final approval by the Board of Governors;
- Recommend to the Board of Governors major polices related to capital projects and campus facility planning;
- Maintain oversight with respect to on-going capital projects;
- Receive reports and updates from administration on the status of existing projects and plans for new projects;
- Review and give strategic direction on overall design concepts and preliminary design concepts for major capital projects;
- Review project cost estimates, revenue sources, and/or funding strategies;
- Review and provide direction on strategic facility and campus planning issues;
- Semi-annually review major deferred maintenance master list and approve annual spending plans and project priorities.
At least five (5) Board members including the Board Chair (ex-officio) and President (ex-officio).
The Chair will be a public member of the Mount Royal University Board of Governors.
Term of office:
The term of office for all members of the Committee shall be one year, ending on the date of the Board’s first regular meeting in the academic year.
The quorum shall consist of a simple majority of voting members.
An important expectation for committee members is one of confidentiality. It is important that each member of the committee be encouraged to share his or her thoughts, concerns and opinions with the committee, and that those thoughts be held in the strictest confidence by the entire Committee. The Committee shall also strive to operate (whenever possible) by consensus rather than by majority rule. The Committee may establish procedures and policies for the conduct of its meetings, including preparation of agendas and recording of minutes as determined by the Committee from time to time.
The Committee may choose to hold meetings via teleconference and use email to facilitate making decisions.
The Committee will make recommendations to the Board of Governors with respect to:
- The strategic direction for development of the University’s facilities (Campus Master Plan).
- The acquisition, construction, and maintenance of buildings, facilities, and infrastructure on the University campus and of facilities and accommodation off-site.
- Approval of policies affecting facilities and/or property matters.
Further, the Committee Chair or designate will have oversight of any consultants and projects involved in campus planning.
The Committee will approve the appointment of prime consultants, prime contractors and construction managers for all approved projects with total project budgets in excess of $6 million.
The Committee will work closely with the Finance Committee and will advise the Finance Committee with respect to timing and financing of major capital projects. Business Plans for major projects must be routed through the Finance Committee for a recommendation prior to approval by the Board.
The Committee will report, providing the appropriate level of detail, to the full Board at the next regularly scheduled meeting of the Board of Governors following each Committee meeting.
The Office of the University Secretariat will provide administrative support. The Director of the University Secretariat shall serve as a resource and the Board Secretary will act as recording secretary for this Committee. The Vice-President, Administrative Services, Associate Vice-President, Facilities Management, and other administration staff will also serve as resources as required. Budget to cover meeting expenses, photocopying and other related activities will be housed in the Office of the University Secretariat.
The records of the Committee’s decisions shall be maintained by the Office of the University Secretariat in the form of correspondence related to those decisions, legal documents, and/or minutes of meetings as appropriate.
This is a standing committee of the Board of Governors.


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Digging a well in the field can be a great way to access groundwater for irrigation, livestock watering, or other agricultural purposes. However, it’s important to take certain precautions before, during, and after the well-digging process to ensure that the well is safe, effective, and sustainable.
Before digging a well, it’s important to research local regulations, obtain any necessary permits, and consult with a hydrogeologist or other groundwater expert. During the digging process, it’s important to monitor the depth, diameter, and quality of the well, as well as the type of soil and rock being excavated. After the well is dug, it’s important to properly cap and seal the well, test the water quality, and maintain the well over time to ensure that it remains a reliable source of groundwater for years to come.
Digging a Well Stage wise Process:
Before Digging a Well: Factors to Consider During the Digging Process: What to Keep in Mind After Digging a Well: Maintenance and Safety
Before Digging a Well: Factors to Consider
Digging a well on your property can provide a reliable source of water, but there are several factors to consider before starting the process. These include:
- Location: Choose a location that is far from septic tanks, sewage systems, and other sources of contamination.
- Water availability: Determine if there is an adequate amount of water available in the location you have selected.
- Permit: Check with your local government for any permits or regulations that may apply to digging a well.
- Depth: Determine the depth of the well you need, depending on your water needs and the geology of the area.
- Budget: Consider the cost of digging a well, which may vary depending on factors such as the location, depth, and type of well.
During the Digging Process: What to Keep in Mind
Digging a well can be a dangerous and challenging process, so it’s important to take certain precautions to ensure safety and success. Here are some things to consider:
- Hire a Professional: It’s important to hire a professional to dig the well to ensure the process is done safely and correctly.
- Proper Equipment: Ensure that the equipment being used is appropriate for the job and is in good working condition.
- Safety Precautions: Take all necessary safety precautions to protect yourself and others during the digging process.
- Monitor Progress: Monitor the progress of the well digging to ensure that it is being done correctly and effectively.
After Digging a Well: Maintenance and Safety
Once the well has been dug, it’s important to properly maintain it to ensure that it remains a reliable source of water. Here are some things to consider:
- Sanitation: Ensure that the well is properly sanitized to prevent contamination and ensure safe drinking water.
- Testing: Test the water regularly to ensure that it is safe and free of contaminants.
- Maintenance: Regularly maintain the well to ensure that it continues to function properly and efficiently.
- Safety Measures: Take all necessary safety measures, such as installing a well cap and fencing around the well, to prevent accidents and protect the well from contamination.
Digging a well cost:-
The cost of digging a well can vary widely depending on several factors such as location, depth, type of well, and the cost of labor and equipment. On average, the cost of digging a well can range from a few thousand dollars to tens of thousands of dollars. For example, a shallow well may cost around $500 to $2,000, while a deep well may cost upwards of $5,000 or more. It’s important to research and obtain estimates from multiple well contractors to get an accurate idea of the cost of digging a well in your specific location and circumstances.
Here is a table summarizing the stages of the well digging process:-
Choose a location away from contamination sources
Hire a professional to dig the well
Sanitize the well to prevent contamination
Determine water availability
Ensure appropriate equipment and safety precautions
Test water regularly for contaminants
Check for permits and regulations
Monitor progress of well digging
Regularly maintain the well
Determine necessary well depth
Take safety measures to protect the well and prevent accidents
Digging a well on your property can be a great way to ensure a reliable source of water, but it’s important to carefully consider all factors before, during, and after the process. By taking proper precautions and following maintenance guidelines, you can ensure that your well remains a safe and efficient source of water for years to come.


APPLICATION OF POST-TENSION TECHNOLOGY IN MODERN CONSTRUCTION
Modern developers and designers in their work strive to provide a high level of structural flexibility of structures to meet the ever-changing demands of customers. Using the post-tension system, large spans of buildings are constructed with a lower structural height of the beam, which allows to increase the area free from columns. As a result, the internal layout does not depend on the placement of the column grid. Prevention of deflection, cracks and the use of jointless floors free designers from the need to comply with numerous restrictions on the construction of reinforced concrete structures.
With the help of a post-tension system without coupling prestressed reinforcement with concrete, our organization erected many buildings. The system involves the use of ropes, which are individually tensioned and firmly fixed using special elements.
The participants of the commercial construction segment benefit from the use of monostrand after tension , since the thinning of the floors reduces the weight construction. In addition, there is a reduction in the duration of construction work due to the possibility of earlier dismantling of the formwork.
Facilitation of the building structure due to prestressing reinforcement in the shell, as well as the organization of uninterrupted power supply and architectural lighting are the main advantages in the construction of multi-storey parking lots using post-tension compared to the use of prefabricated structures. Tensile reinforcing ropes for soil slabs help to extend their service life, as they prevent cracking and increase resistance to the influence of aggressive environments: swelling soil, underwater and sewage.
After-tension floor slabs increase the earthquake resistance of the structure. The advantage of the after-stress system in the construction of silos, nuclear reactors and fuel storage tanks is a constant level of compressive force, which eliminates cracks and prevents leaks.
In our monostrand post-stress system, we use ropes with a diameter of 15, 2 mm 0, 6 ”, coated with a special anti-corrosion coating and enclosed in an extruded plastic sheath. Coating and plastic sheath serve as double anti-corrosion protection and prevent the rope from adhering to concrete.
The plastic shell is made of polyethylene and has a thickness of 1.5-2.0 mm. To provide corrosion protection in an aggressive environment, special adapters are used that connect the plastic shell with anchors. Each anchor has a protective cap. Characteristic features of the monostrand system are the presence of factory anticorrosive grease, low friction losses, etc. Light and flexible elements of the system are mounted quickly and simply, which makes it possible to talk about its economy.
1.1. General information
Over the years, the post-tension system has played an important role in the construction of bridges and storage tanks. The reason for success lies in decisive technical and economic advantages.
The following are the most important benefits of monostrand post-tension:
• Compared to traditional technology, when using this technology, there is a saving in the concrete and reinforcement used, which makes the structure more flexible;
• high resistance to cracking and good corrosion protection of steel;
• operational reliability under excessive load, since after the termination of the load the cracks converge and disappear;
• high degree of strength due to variation in the amplitude of the tension under the influence of a variable load.
In addition to the previously mentioned general characteristics of the after-voltage system, the advantages of post-tension floor slabs over reinforced concrete slabs can be listed:
• Cost-effectiveness of structures through the use of high-strength steel, which differs in its performance characteristics from traditionally used steel;
• large spans and flexibility of the structure - this leads to a decrease in the weight of the structure, which favorably affects the columns and the foundation, as well as to a decrease in the overall height of the structure (Fig. 2);
• resistance to the formation of deflections under the influence of a constant load;
• high shear strength.
Fig. 2 Dependence of plate thickness on span length
This technology is the most preferable for the construction of flat slabs with sizes from 6 to 10 meters. The design design for such overlap involves the use of a monostrand grid (0.6 "- 0.62") with a cross-sectional area of 140-150 mm2. Strands are placed along the spatial lattice for a long-term floor, anchors - along the perimeter and fixed in the center. The half-term load value is calculated by adding half the value of the temporary load to the dead weight of the structure Under these conditions, the slab is subjected only to axial forces without bending moment and shear.
If the variable load is below 30% of the total load, the calculation is statistically determined, since the bending moment is created only when +/- half of the variable load is applied.
Typically, the compressive stress in floor slabs with spans of 6-10 m is less than 2.5 N / mm2.
Advantages of using this technology:
• Lack of automatic calculations
• Lack of bending moment of vertical structures (supporting columns and walls), arising under the influence of a long load, and as a result, the consumption of the bending stability margin to counter horizontal loads
• Smooth floor surface
• Water tightness of the surface of the floors due to the absence of cracks
• Reduction of construction time due to the possibility of earlier form stripping (tension is possible 2-3 days after concreting, upon reaching concrete strength Fck> = 150 kg / cm2)
• Possibility of making holes in the structure itself and, in the presence of special conditions, in supporting columns
• When constructing this type of structure, the safety coefficient is approximately 3, and during the construction of conventional structures, the value of this coefficient approaches 1.75. The use of low-skilled labor leads to minor construction flaws, but generally does not affect the design
itself. Highly qualified specialists are required only for rope tensioning operations (1 or 2 people).
1.2 Post-tension with or without subsequent traction of prestressing reinforcement with concrete
1.2.1 Post-tension followed by traction of prestressing reinforcement with concrete
As you know, the method of post-tensioning consists in placing a steel strand in a round corrugated channel former (or channel) and in its subsequent tension. After injection of the channel with cement mortar, the rope adheres to concrete. Since in thin-walled floors of a building there is a strong decrease in the eccentricity of prestressed steel - especially at the intersection points - flat channels are most popular (see Fig. 4). As a rule, 4 strand ropes with a nominal cross-sectional diameter of 15 mm are placed in such channels.
1.2.2. Post-tension without subsequent adhesion of prestressed reinforcement to concrete
In the early stages of the emergence of the post-tension system in Europe, the method was used without coupling prestressed reinforcement with concrete. Over time, this method has been used less and less. And only after many years, structures began to be erected again through post-tensioning with clutch.
In the USA, the first application of this method had its own peculiarities: a steel rope was wrapped in grass and wrapped in wrapping paper in order to facilitate its longitudinal movement during tension.
Over the past few years, the method of manufacturing a plastic shell has become widely used. It consists in the fact that the strand is coated with anticorrosive grease at the manufacturing plant or company that provides services for tensioning reinforcement. Then the strand is placed in an extruded plastic pipe made of polyethylene or polypropylene, 1,5/2,0 mm thick. A plastic pipe is the first degree of corrosion protection, and lubrication is the second. Such strands are called monostrends. (Fig. 3) The nominal cross-sectional diameter of the used rope is 15,2/15,7 mm
Fig. 3. The structure of the rope with anti-corrosion grease, placed in a plastic shell.
1.2.3 Preference for one of two types of overtension.
The issue of preference for one of the two types of overtension has been and remains relevant to this day. We will not consider it in detail, but only give the most compelling arguments for and against.
Arguments for a post-tension system:
• The maximum eccentricity of the rope due to its minimum diameter (is of particular importance for thin-walled ceilings) (see Fig. 4);
• corrosion protection is applied to reinforcing strands at the manufacturing plant;
• simplicity and speed of strand placement;
• minimal loss of stress forces due to friction;
• lack of need for pouring with cement mortar;
• more economical method.
Fig. 4 Comparison of eccentricity can be made with different types of strands.
Arguments for a Post-tension clutch system:
• Greater ultimate bending moment;
• in case of local destruction of the strand (as a result of fire, explosion, earthquake), a limited section is damaged.
2. DETAILED PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS
2.1 Placement of the strands
The thickness of post-tensioned floors is less than the thickness of traditional reinforced concrete floors. This is primarily due to the effect of load distribution (balancing), as shown in Fig. 5-6. Along the spans, the deflecting force caused by the deflection of the rope acts on the concrete as opposed to the load.
Fig. 5 Transverse components and forces resulting from overtension
In places where the bending of the reinforcement changes direction, for example, on supports, the deflecting force of the reinforcement acts downward, directing the stress forces to the vertical elements. Thus, the system shown in Fig. 7, can be compared with a grating stretched between supports, the voltage of which is transmitted to concrete. The amount of necessary reinforcement is taken so that it can guarantee a given percentage of stability and withstand the weight of the floor. This percentage depends on the ratio of total load and long-term load, and, as a rule, varies between 70 and 130%. For floors of residential or office buildings with a temporary load of 3 to 4 kN / m2 and a long load of 1 kN / m2,
70-90% of its own weight is taken into account, for floors with a greater long-term load - 100% of its own weight. In addition to improving the characteristics of the slabs due to resistance to formation, one should remember the effect on the behavior of the slab, which is created by axial compression stress during post-stress. Provided that there are no significant restrictions, the compression stress neutralizes a part of the stress that occurs when a part of the loads is unbalanced by the forces induced by the reinforcement. Typically, in post-stressed ceilings, the compression stress indicator varies from 1.0 to 2.5 N / mm2.
Fig. 6 Principle of load balancing
Let's look at the ratio of height to span. With a small load of up to 3.5 kN / m2 and provided that the shear stress index at pressure is not critical, the thickness of the after-stress floor can be 1/40 of the length of the largest span (for internal panels), while in reinforced concrete floors the thickness is 1/30 span. If the columns have overhead slabs, then the height to span ratio can be increased to 1/45 for post-voltage ceilings and 1/35 for reinforced concrete floors. With increasing load, the height to span ratio decreases.
To balance the increased random load, you can’t just increase the amount of post-tension , but you need to design larger thickness ceilings taking into account the sag.
The use of post-tensioned concrete, in particular concrete with reinforcement without adhesion, requires consideration of some design principles that differ from standard ones. The problem that most often occurs in the design of buildings is the location of the joints of floors, walls and between walls and floors. Unfortunately, it is impossible to provide general explanations on this issue, since there are a number of aspects of the pros and cons. There are basically two main aspects to consider:
• Ultimate Strength (Safety)
• Horizontal displacement (limiting working condition)
2.2.1. Impact on ultimate load capacity
If only the loss of the bearing capacity of the structure is taken into account, it is recommended to completely avoid joints, because each of them represents interrupts the integrity of the structure and reduces its strength. In the case of prestressed ceilings with reinforcement without adhesion, the monolithic structure contributes to the action of bending, which leads to an increase in ultimate load.
Fig. 8 Influence of the action of the joints type on the bearing capacity
2.2.2. Serviceability limit
In buildings without joints under the influence of horizontal displacements, cracks in the supporting structure can occur. Offsets can be caused by the following factors:
• Concrete shrinkage
• Elastic shortening due to tension
• Creep of concrete
In the concrete structure, the following average values of reductions and elongations take place:
Concrete shrinkage DLcs = -0.25 mm / m
Thermal expansion DLct = -0.25 mm / m to +0.15 mm / m
Elastic shortening DLcel = -0.05 mm / m
(for medium centric
overvoltage 1.5 N / mm2 and
El = 30kN / mm2
Creep of concrete DLcc = -0.15 mm / m
These indicators should be appropriate to local environmental conditions.
After deciding on the location of the joints, the full displacements of the floors, walls and supports, their dynamics and the deformation of the foundation must be taken into account.
Horizontal offsets can be partially reduced or prevented by appropriate measures (e.g. clearances).
Shrinkage: Concrete is subject to shrinkage. The degree of shrinkage depends on the following factors: the proportion of water and cement, the size of the cross section and the percentage of humidity in the environment. Shortening due to shrinkage can be reduced by half with the help of temporary joints.
Thermal expansion: Regarding the effect of temperature, the difference in temperature between the individual structural components and the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials is important. In structures of a closed type, not subject to atmospheric phenomena, floors and walls are subject to low temperature fluctuations. Exterior walls and exposed ceilings are subject to large temperature fluctuations. Particular attention should be paid to the connections between floors and elements made of other materials.
3. PRODUCTION OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS
3.1. General information
The process of building post-tensioned floors is very similar to the construction of ordinary reinforced concrete floors. The difference lies in the placement of the reinforcement, its tension and the time to complete the work. Rebar placement work is divided into three stages. First, reinforcement is placed around the perimeter of the future structure, then channel formers are laid and firmly fixed. The next step is to place the top layer of conventional reinforcement. Strand tension and, in the case of using reinforcement with a clutch, injection are additional work, if we compare this process with the construction of a conventional reinforced concrete floor. Given that tensioning work can only be carried out by qualified specialists who have the right to carry out these works, the construction company workers can continue their main work without stopping.
An important distinguishing feature of this technology is the speed of dismantling the formwork. Depending on the quality of the concrete and the ambient temperature, the minimum period between pouring concrete and dismantling the formwork is 48/72 hours. As soon as concrete gains the necessary strength, full or partial tension of the floor begins, after which it is possible to disassemble and reassemble the formwork for the construction of the next section of the floor. This separation is dictated by the geometry of the structure itself, dimensions, layout, sequence of work, the use of formwork, etc.
The weight of the newly poured slab should be distributed by formwork to the underlying slabs. Given that this weight is less than the weight of already constructed floors from ordinary concrete, the cost of supporting structures is usually lower.


Maintaining a safe and sound dwelling requires a solid roof. There are many benefits to replacing your roof, but most homeowners avoid it because of the effort and expense. The installation of new roofing has many positive benefits for the home, including increasing its value on the market, reducing expenses for utility, making it safer and more secure, and creating a more welcoming first impression.
What are the various types of roofing?
Homeowners will want to replace their roofs after studying these benefits. The cost of the roof and dealing with the hassle of the moment will be well worth it. The roof installation usually isn’t more than a day, so you won’t be dealing with the hassle of construction for long. Before contacting a roofing company, it is essential to determine the kind of roof you want. The top six options for roofing are listed below:
Clay tiles are stunning that can be found in rich reds, browns, and oranges. The material is durable and robust, with a life span lasting up to 100 years when placed in the right conditions. Clay tiles cost more than other materials due to their outstanding quality. You should also be aware that clay tiles do not work with all types of homes. The roofing material is perfect for Spanish and Mediterranean-style homes.
Another excellent flooring material for roofs is concrete. It offers the same advantages as clay: it’s attractive and durable, lasting up to 50 years with proper care. Concrete, unlike clay, provides more excellent design options. It comes in a variety of colors, ranging from sandy beige to chilly river green. Due to its strength and weight, concrete can be used in windy weather conditions. Dundas roofing services offers restoration, feel free to visit them for more information.
Because of its environmental friendliness and durability, it is among the top roofing materials. There are two types of metal roofs available. Seamed metal roofing, made of interlocking sheets to prevent moisture retention, is offered. Seamed metal roofs typically last 20 to 30 years; however, they can last up to 75 years if given the proper maintenance.
Another kind of metal roof is one comprised of shingles or shakes. Shakes or shingles from metal are treated in a unique coating to enhance their durability. With this roofing product, you have unlimited design options since metal can be a substitute for many different substances, like asphalt or wood. Your roof is expected to last between 30 and 50 years. Metal, among the best roofing materials, creates shingles on a roof.
Slate is an aesthetically pleasing and durable roofing material that is attractive and durable. This natural stone comes in many colors, like red, purple, and green. A slate roof should last for a long time. They can last for at least 200 years. Having a roof for your new home is not necessary if you find professional roofing contractors.
Asphalt Compound Roofing
Asphalt composite shingles could be the best choice if you work with a small budget. Asphalt composite shingles are the most popular choice among homeowners due to their low cost. These shingles often come with a lifetime warranty, so you won’t need to pay more for repairs. Asphalt roofs have a lifespan of between 12 and 30 years. Feel free to click here for more information.
Wood shingles or shakes are perfect for a classic, beautiful, elegant roof. Due to their stunning appearance, they are often utilized in luxury homes. However, you should know that using wood is not suitable for all households. Because it isn’t impervious to fire or moisture, living in a place with these limitations is necessary. Your investment may last for as long as 60 years in the appropriate conditions. In humid environments, life expectancy decreases to 20 to 30 years.


We would like to be as eco-friendly as we can afford for the new house.
The frame incorporates a lot of insulation, but we will be adding more on the inside, with triple glazed windows to make the house as air-tight as possible. Ventilation will be provided by a whole house Mechanical Ventilation & Heat Recovery system, minimising heat loss while providing a comfortable environment.
There will be an air-source heat pump with under-floor heating, and a small wood burner in the living room for those extra cold days.
We would love to have PV panels on the roof, but do not think our current budget will stretch to it. However, the wiring will be put in during the build so that it can be retrofitted later with minimum disruption.
Update October 2013 - we have all the above, including the PV panels, paid for out of the VAT refund.


NATIONAL TIDAL DATUM EPOCH 1983-2001 (NTDE 83-01)
NTDE is a specific 19-year period over which tide observations are taken to determine Mean Sea Level and other tidal datums such as Mean Low Water and Mean High Water. The current update defines the 19-year period as 1983-2001. A tidal datum is a vertical reference based on a specific stage of tide that serves as a baseline elevation to which sounding depths or topographic heights are referenced. The 19-year period includes an 18.6 year astronomical cycle that accounts for all significant variations in the moon and sun that cause slowly varying changes in the range of tide. NTDE 83-01 is adopted to assure that tidal datum determinations throughout the United States will be based on one specific common reference period.
The State of Florida, Department of Environmental Protection, Division of State Lands, Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (BSM) working in conjunction with CO-OPS continue to process tidal datums on NTDE 83-01 and shown on the BSM Land Boundary Information System (LABINS) website. Mean High Water Surveys or studies are based on NTDE 83-01 and referenced to North American Vertical Datum adjustment of 1988 (NAVD88) with the unit of measurement being in feet. Professional Surveyors and Mappers may continue to establish tidal datums referenced to local tidal datum (LTD) if impractical to reference tidal datums to NAVD88.
For further general information about the update, please contact:
Steve Gill at 301-713-2981 Extension 139, or Stephen.Gill@noaa.gov
For specific information about the tidal datum to be used at your location, please contact:
Lamar Evers at 850-245-2606 or Lamar.Evers@dep.state.fl.us


Building Surveys FAQs
What is a Building Survey?
The RICS Building Survey gives you a comprehensive structural report tailored to suit your property, highlighting defects, repairs and maintenance options. This type of survey is essential for larger or older properties, or if you’re planning major works.
In essence, a RICS Building Survey:
- Aims to establish how the property is built, what materials are used and how these will perform in the future
- Aims to describe visible defects, plus exposing potential problems posed by hidden defects
- Aims to outline the repair options and give you a repair timeline, while explaining the consequences of not acting
- Provides specific comments on energy efficiency
- Describes the construction and condition of the property on the date of the inspection
- Aims to identify any problems that need urgent attention or are serious
- Aims to identify things that need to be investigated to prevent further damage
- Aims to tell you about problems that may be dangerous
- Aims to show up potential issues and defects, before any transaction takes place
- Aims to help you decide whether you need extra advice before committing to your purchase
- Allows you to budget for any repairs or restoration
- Provides advice on the amount of ongoing maintenance required in the future
Get advice from an industry expert Luke McAndrew, BSc, MRICS
Luke undertakes, Building Surveys, HomeBuyer Reports, Party Wall matters, construction monitoring, project management, architectural design,schedules of condition & dilapidation.


10 Frequently Asked Questions Answered About Wet Basements
Some basements are partially or fully underground. Others are more above grade. Either way, a basement should not be eternally wet. This will be especially true if the area is finished off into living space.
1. What are the signs of a wet basement?
There are some signs of a wet or damp basement. You might notice damp, musty smells; these smells may even migrate to the floors above. There are be signs in the basement of mildew or mold. Water stains may be present. Concrete blocks or concrete can show signs of efflorescence, indicating the seepage or wicking of water.
2. What exactly is efflorescence?
When porous material gets wet, a salt can move to the front of the material, forming a coating. The masonry will appear to have a whitish fluffy appearance. The tricky part is that the efflorescence may be cosmetic, or it may indicate structural problems. Issues may develop of the process is breaking down the concrete or masonry on which it grows.
3. What are the primary causes of a wet basement?
Leaks or breaks from inside pipes are a source of moisture. Overflows from fixtures above can also intrude into the lowest level of the home. Floods or heavy rains can be problematic, especially if drain pipes overflow or drainage and grading are inadequate. But excess humidity can be the culprit as well.
4. What problems can a wet basement cause?
High moisture content or standing water can lead to mold growth. As mold feeds on organic building materials such as wood and the paper on the insulation, mold can deteriorate any material it feeds on. As discussed earlier, the foundation of a home can be severely affected as well. If water gets into the masonry joints and temperatures are not controlled, freezing and thawing can move foundation walls over time. Wet insulation is failed insulation, and corrosion around pipes can lead to joint failure and water damage.
5. Can a wet basement create problems for my living spaces?
Yes, they can. The loss of structural integrity in the joists, beams below can endanger the home above. Subflooring installed over the joists is a base for the flooring above, and warping or disintegration of the subfloor will affect any flooring installed over it. The air quality of the home can be diminished. As much as 50% of the air from a basement can enter the first floor of a house. This air may contain contaminants. Energy costs are also a consideration.
6. Are basements with dirt floors more susceptible to being wet?
Yes. This is because water can wick up through the dirt. Even if there is no standing water present, the air can become saturated with moisture and damage building materials. Rising levels of groundwater during times of flooding and severe rain can increase problems.
7. What are some options for drying my basement?
The EPA states that controlling moisture in the basement is critical. They suggest using moisture, resistant building materials. Also, monitor the relative humidity in the basement. Make sure that grading and drainage systems keep water away from the foundation. Dehumidifiers and sump pumps are also a good idea.
8. Where can I check in my basement for water problems?
Check around the pipes for even small leaks or holes. Pay special attention to joints. Look for efflorescence, mold, mildew, and staining anywhere. Notice smells. Look around the perimeter of the basement where the foundation walls meet the floor.
9. What is involved in basement waterproofing?
Any holes or cracks in masonry should be filled in. Dirt floors can be covered with a vapor barrier. Specially formulated paints can be applied to walls. Waterproofing can require more costly repairs, however. Sometimes earth around the home needs to be pushed aside so that waterproofing can be applied to outside foundation walls. Drainage and grading may need to be adjusted to keep water flow away from home. Probably a homeowner should employ the services of a reputable waterproofing company. They will have the qualifications, equipment, and experience to diagnose problems and employ effective solutions.
10. Is waterproofing done inside or outside of the home better?
The EPA suggests that waterproofing materials applied to the outside foundation walls are the most effective. Water is kept from entering the basement area in the first place using this technique. Landscaping materials can be used to enhance drainage around the outside of the house as well. This would be a benefit because high relative humidity will be easier to control, and water removal costs will be limited to internal water intrusion.


East Atlanta is undergoing a transformation of infill redevelopment highlighted by several projects built around the continuing evolution of the Beltline. Completed projects include:
GLENWOOD PARK: a mixed-use neighborhood designed around the principles of New Urbanism near the BeltLine.
INMAN PARK/QUARTER: a highly desirable infill neighborhood along the BeltLine with luxury apartments as well as other housing types.
THE JANE, GRANT PARK: a recently completed mixeduse re-development in historic Grant Park with a mix of restaurants, pubs, bakeries, and coffeeshops.
KROG STREET MARKET: a re-developed 1920s warehousealong the BeltLine, where vendors sell produce, goods, andprepared foods.
PONCE CITY MARKET: a full renovation of the old Sears and Roebuck building is presently a marketplace of artisan chefs with a high-end retail, office, and residential component located along the BeltLine.
The Atlanta BeltLine is the most comprehensive transportation and economic development effort ever undertaken in the City of Atlanta and among the largest, most wide-ranging urban redevelopment programs currently underway in the United States. The Atlanta BeltLine is a sustainable re-development project that is transforming the city. It will ultimately connect 45 intown neighborhoods via a 22-mile loop of multi-use trails, modern streetcars, and parks – all based on railroad corridors that formerly encircled Atlanta. When completed, it will provide first and last mile connectivity for regional transportation initiatives and put Atlanta on a path to 21st century economic growth and sustainability.


|Pre-Construction Foundation Anchor|
Preserve the value of your new home or building
Helical anchors installed prior to construction prevent downward settlement before it starts. By monitoring hydraulic pressures, anchors are load tested as they are installed.
Excerpted from Professional Engineer:
How many times on a new construction site have you heard, Weve got a problem? In the pre-construction stages, this might very well mean that in digging down to the expected subgrade elevation for the foundation, the contractors have discovered that the soil is too soft to place the footings. Poor soil conditions are particularly common in the Triassic basins found throughout North Carolina.
Despite more than 20 years solid presence in the industry, piering is not well known in the building community, which is why it is often not used, even when conditions might suggest it is the best option.
The piers pass through the poor soil strata including expansive soils that are affected by changes in moisture content, organic material that will decay with time, and loose or soft soils (either natural or man made fills) that would settle under the weight of the structure all of which potentially lead to foundation problems and support the structure on deeper, more stable soils that can provide adequate support to the structure.
Rick Sykes, owner of Ram Jack NC in Durham, says, The biggest advantage is that helical anchors installed prior to construction prevent downward settlement before it starts. By monitoring hydraulic pressures, anchors are load tested as they are installed. Its foundation repair done right at the start.
Given the opportunity, Sykes tells builders, Before the footings for the foundation go in, contact an engineer to have your soil tested for load-bearing capacity and expansive clay content. Steel reinforcing bars and larger, deeper footings may prevent settlement from occurring. Often, installing new construction piers prior to pouring the concrete footings is the answer.
Admay concurs, saying, To install a helical pier properly, a soil test should be performed by a geotechnical engineer to determine how deep the pier must be installed to bear in a strata with adequate strength to support the structure. The engineer determines the layout of the pier and the reinforcing required in the footings and slabs. The piers should be laid out by a surveyor before a specialized crew comes in to install the piers.
Helical piers are turned into the ground much like a corkscrew. Each pier has one or more flights, which are like blades that draw down the pier and anchor it into the ground. Sykes states, Not all piering is the same. You need to consider the best quality equipment, as well as long-term issues such as warranty. Ram Jack provides a transferable life-of-structure warranty on our helical piering, and while we are locally owned, we are backed by the equipment and expertise of a more than 30-year-old national leader in the foundation construction and repair industry. With Ram Jacks patented helical piering system, soft soil below 4 to 5 feet becomes moot.
Helical piers are screwed into the ground and held in place with their flights, so they support more than just downward pressure they can also resist uplift forces. In other words, they can be used as tiebacks for retaining walls and bulkheads, or uplift anchors for signs and other light structures. Also, builders can use helical piers as tiebacks in conjunction with vertical piers on hillside lots to resist both settlement and lateral movement.
This system successfully supports structures in virtually all soil conditions, and it can be used for stabilizing foundations and slabs built on questionable soil, as well as seismic protection, tieback anchoring, deadman anchoring and fixture anchoring. It is especially useful for installation in tight areas. With much less extensive excavation required, helical anchors extend to stable strata under expansive surface soils without significant disturbance of the area around the anchor.


Solar Water Pumps(JAL SHAKTI)
Solar water pumping systems are practical and affordable solution used to provide reliable and cost effective water supplies where there is no grid power or where power supply is unreliable.
“Solar Pumps operate anywhere the sun shines”
- System productivity increases in summer when water requirement is usually greater
- Require minimal service and maintenance
- Powered by clean, renewable energy
- Virtually free to operate, compared to the cost of diesel-powered generators and grid electricity which is constantly increasing
- Easily relocated to meet seasonal or variable location needs.
#Possible applications include:
- Livestock – cattle watering and fish farming
- Agriculture – irrigation or crop watering
- Recreational – swimming pool circulation pumps; spa
- Residential – water supply for drinking or pressure boosting
- Industrial – water supply for businesses
Water Pumping can be by submersible pumps, commonly used for deeper wells, where surface pumps cannot be used because the water level is too deep below ground level (below approximately 6 meters depth). These borehole pumps are specially designed to have a small outside diameter so they can be suspended below the water level in the well and connected to an output pipe that extends up to the surface.
The right pump for each application will depend on the required pumping rates and pumping height and distance.
Getting the most benefit from solar water pumping systems requires research and design before the first PV module and a pump is purchased and installed.
KLK Ventures Pvt Ltd. © 2019


Dredging and reclamation are distinct yet interconnected processes in coastal and marine engineering. Dredging involves the excavation and removal of sediment or debris from water bodies to maintain navigation channels, prevent flooding, or gather materials for construction. On the other hand, reclamation entails the creation of new land by filling or adding material to bodies of water, extending shorelines, and creating space for development or environmental restoration. While dredging focuses on clearing waterways, reclamation transforms underwater or low-lying areas into usable land, serving purposes ranging from urban expansion to habitat preservation. Together, these processes play pivotal roles in shaping our coastal landscapes and facilitating sustainable development.
Meka Group is best dredging and Reclamation company in India.
Difference Between Dredging and Reclamation Works
Dredging and reclamation are two distinct processes often associated with coastal and marine engineering, particularly in the context of land development and waterway maintenance. Here’s a breakdown of the differences between the two:
- Definition: Dredging involves the excavation or removal of sediment, debris, or other materials from the bottom of water bodies such as rivers, lakes, harbors, and oceans.
- Purpose: Dredging is typically done to deepen waterways, maintain navigation channels, remove contaminants, prevent flooding, or gather materials for construction projects.
- Methods: Dredging can be carried out using various techniques, including hydraulic dredging (using pumps to suck up sediment), mechanical dredging (using machinery like excavators or clamshell buckets), and cutter suction dredging (using a rotating cutter head to loosen material).
- Applications: Dredging is crucial for maintaining shipping channels, creating or maintaining ports, harbors, and marinas, as well as for environmental remediation projects.
- Definition: Reclamation refers to the process of creating new land by filling or adding material to bodies of water such as seas, estuaries, or lakes, thereby extending the shoreline or creating entirely new land areas.
- Purpose: Reclamation is primarily undertaken to expand available land for development, infrastructure projects, agriculture, or environmental restoration.
- Methods: Reclamation involves depositing dredged material, sediment, or other suitable fill material onto underwater or low-lying areas, gradually building up the terrain until it reaches a desired elevation.
- Applications: Reclamation projects can include the creation of new residential or commercial developments, industrial sites, airport runways, recreational areas, flood protection barriers, or habitat restoration projects.
Do you know the best Marine Construction company?
In summary, while dredging focuses on the removal of material from water bodies to maintain navigability or address environmental concerns, reclamation involves the deliberate addition of material to create new land or modify existing coastlines for various purposes, including development and environmental enhancement.


The ‘Onda Atlántica’ footbridge in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria will connect the port area with the Port Market, Las Canteras beach and La Isleta.
The city of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria is gearing up for the unveiling of its latest urban landmark, in the form of a footbridge, inspired by the naval industry which will carry the name of ‘Onda Atlántica’. It will improve connections between the Port and the city centre by joining the Sanapú Harbour directly with the emblematic Mercado del Puerto, or Port Market, the area around Las Canteras Beach and the popular district of La Isleta, one of the most characteristic areas of the capital.
The footbridge will be a permanent gateway for tourists coming off the cruise ships and will provide quick access to the area around the Port Market, one of the most highly regarded of its kind in Spain thanks to its culinary range, the beach and the bustling web of streets around La Isleta. It will also provide pedestrian access to one of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria’s essential hotspots and the site for its main tourist attraction, the Poema del Mar Aquarium, plus other places of leisure and entertainment.
The project has benefitted from the backing of the Town Hall of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and is designed by the winners of a public competition, the architect team of Javier Haddad and Ramón Checa. It will consist of a striking yet functional pedestrian walkway set out in a long curve, covering nearly three hundred metres in length. The structure will connect Plaza Alcalde Manolo García, situated next to the Port Market, to the north end of the Sanapú Harbour, and will rise up over the motorway that links the capital to the south of the island.
The footbridge will be built over a metalic structure, and will be lined with a steel coating, together with a concrete slab which will provide the solid foundation for the whole structure. The walkway will cover a surface area of some 1,800 square metres and will be over six metres wide, three of which can be walked on, and will stand over three metres in height.
The bridge will actually reach a maximum height of 5.5 metres at its highest point over the motorway. One hundred metres of solar panels will run along it which will provide the necessary power to charge the low consumption LED lighting to be placed along the whole bridge.
The basic structure will therefore feature just five supporting pillars along it, two embedded cement pilasters and three ‘Y’ shaped cement posts, which will have the appearance of cradles used to hold up boats when they are moored on dry dock. The footbridge’s surface will provide access for pedestrians and cyclists, and will be on a six percent slope, allowing for straightforward access.
The designers of the project opted for an idea inspired by the naval industry, although they ruled out using screws and bolts, instead going for steel as the main material in the structure. The total budget allocated for the project was 2,387,482, euros, and it was financed by the Canaries Development Fund (FDCAN).
The modern design of the footbridge will fit in with the city’s architectural style alongside the modernist cast iron structure of the nearby Port Market, which was designed and executed by technicians from the French company Eiffel in 1891. It will also sit alongside the colourful houses in La Isleta, representing the warmth of the Port area, to which the city owes its open, multicultural and cosmopolitan character to a large extent.


Pre- and Post Construction Treatments
You will be amazed to know that the termites have the potential to destroy a whole structure, which is why prospective buyers should insist on pre- and post construction Pest Control and also obtain the proof from your Builder / Construction Company, as these treatments generally carry a warranty.
Prevention is better than cure. In the same way doing preventative pre or post construction pest control is a more extensive and cost effective treatment than acting when you already have an infestation.
The best option is to have both Pre- and Post Construction treatments done.
Pre- Construction is used to apply a treatment at the foundation level of a building under construction and a soil treatment to form a barrier and safe guard the building structure from termites. Treatment includes treating the soil on both sides of foundation walls, the voids in foundation walls, and the soil under plumbing penetrations in slabs and concrete around the periphery of the structure.
In Post - Construction Anti-Termite treatment, drilling is usually required to treat the interior walls, voids and plumbing penetration areas of the existing structure as well as the building materials.
This treatment is also recommended when you do any renovations or alterations to your home or office.


HFM 100 Series – Thermal Conductivity Measurement System
The HFM-100 Heat Flow Meter method is an easy-to-use rapid technique for thermal conductivity measurement and thermal resistance measurement of insulation products, construction materials, packaging, and assemblies. A measurement of thermal conductivity is an indicator of the ability of a material to conduct heat and can be critical for defining energy efficiency and thermal performance in materials. The Thermtest HFM has been designed and engineered to combine the highest accuracy, repeatability, widest temperature range, and industry-leading performance, all at an exceptional value. Follows international standards: ASTM C518, ISO 8301, and EN 12667.


A new footbridge to span Waikare Creek in Kāeo is a step closer, with construction due to begin this week.
The structure is being built next to the existing two-lane Waikare Creek Bridge on State Highway 10 in the heart of the town.
The new footbridge will provide a safe alternative for pedestrians, particularly those with prams or wheelchairs, who currently must cross Waikare Creek Bridge using very narrow paths close to highway traffic.
Far North District Council contractor, Fulton Hogan, plans to start preliminary work on Monday 7 August.
A temporary footpath will be in place for pedestrian use on either side of the existing bridge during the work, and some car parks outside the Madhatters Donna’s Café and the Four Square will be closed to provide large machinery access to the site.
Two bridge piles are due to be installed once Top Energy relocates power lines later this month. Other construction work will involve strengthening the river embankment and building new paths providing access to the new footbridge.
Pedestrians are being advised to take care while walking around the area, and motorists are urged to reduce their speed while work continues.
The $500,000 project is expected to be completed by mid-November.


What is a Design/Build Project System?
Design/Build is a project delivery system used in the construction industry. It is a method to deliver a project in which the design and construction services are contracted by a single entity known as the design–builder or design–build contractor. In contrast to “design–bid–build” (or “design–tender”), design–build relies on a single point of responsibility contract and is used to minimize risks for the project owner and to reduce the delivery schedule by overlapping the design phase and construction phase of a project. “DB with its single point responsibility carries the clearest contractual remedies for the clients because the DB contractor will be responsible for all of the work on the project, regardless of the nature of the fault”. (source)
During the construction of any project, the coordination of the trades is an integral part of the process, especially with respect to the architecture, mechanical, engineering and electrical trades. Edmondson Construction will provide the lead in these areas to ensure a consistent, value based approach to your finalized project.
The Design/Build Process
The Design-Build process has five primary phases:
- Selecting a Design-Builder
- Pre-construction assessments
- Architectural design
Unlike some construction methods, phases overlap, and team members collaborate throughout the process to provide rapid project delivery.
Close Out of Your Project
One of the most critical stages of the construction process is the commissioning and closeout of the project. Our team will close out your project in the most efficient manner. Our commitment to your project extends well after you move into your new/updated location.


Honqiao Integrated Transportation Hub
Hongqiao Integrated Transportation Hub combines multiple means of transportation. Civil aviation, high-speed railways, interurban railways, long-distance passenger transportation, subways, ground buses and taxis are all readily accessible, making Hongqiao one of the largest comprehensively integrated transportation hubs in the world.
On March 16, 2010, Terminal No. 2 at Hongqiao Airport was opened. During the same year, Shanghai-Nanjing and Shanghai-Hangzhou interurban high-speed railways were opened on July 1 and Oct. 26. A Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway was also opened on June 30, 2011.
The main architecture of Hongqiao Integrated Transportation Hub stretches from east to west and is composed of Terminal No. 2, a railway station, a long-distance passenger transportation station, an east-west transportation center, and a subway station. The entire hub spans a total area of 1.5 million square meters. There are two short-distance runways with an interval of 365 meters in Hongqiao Airport. Terminals No. 1 and No. 2 are respective satellites of the urban terminal at Pudong International Airport. The distance between the railway station and Terminal No. 2 is around 450 meters; the railway station contains 30 station tracks and 16 platforms. The long-distance passenger transportation station is west of the railway station with 20 parking decks. When functioning at full capacity, the passenger flow of Hongqiao Integrated Transportation Hub can reach 1.1 million passengers per day. In 2011, the annual total passenger flow reached 182 million; in 2012, it reached 220 million.
The total passenger flow of Hongqiao Hub during the 40 days of Spring Festival travel (Jan 24-March 3) reached 33.49 million with an average of 837,000 per day, a 8.4% increase compared with last year‘s totals. Feb. 26 saw the most traffic with 1,023,000 passengers. The external transportation flow (aviation, railway, long-distance) reached 15.4 million averaging 385,000 passengers per day (an increase of 9.3% compared with last year). The average passenger flow per day of aviation reached 102,000, accounting for 12.1% of the total passenger flow of the hub; that of the railway reached 273,000, accounting for 32.6%. The long-distance passenger transportation reached a passenger flow of 9,600, accounting for 1.1% of passenger traffic. The total passenger flow of urban transportation (railway, bus, taxi and social vehicle) reached 18.1 million with a 452,000 per day average (increasing by 7.6% compared to last year), this accounted for 54% of the total passenger flow of the hub. The average passenger flow of the regional subway reached 215,000 per day.
Hongqiao International Airport: +86-021-96990
Hongqiao Railway Station: +86-021-5124-5555
Coach Station: +86-021-3466-1820


On Thursday November 10th, the Architectural Institute of B.C. held its first passive house event, centering on their gallery presentation of Passive House projects in B.C. This opening reception included a moderated panel discussion on green building and Passive House technology.
As with previous Passive House events that I have been to in this city, the room was packed with a range of interested stakeholders, including architects, engineers, designers, city planners and suppliers. There was definitely a buzz in the air for this event!
The panel was well moderated and the questions very pertinent. Listening to the answers from the builders and architects on how they make a business case for building to Passive House standards, it struck me how much this program should be adopted by the province. All of the answers essentially stated that it was the right way to build, and that anything less is really just cutting corners. If the city were to adopt Passive House as the standard, there are a variety of ways to achieve this but they all require forethought and planning and a little more upfront cost. If everyone were doing this, the question wouldn’t be “why is this costing me more?” but it would be “why am I not getting the performance for the money I’m spending?” It wouldn’t be about getting the lowest priced building built, but rather the highest performing for the money spent like many products of quality.
In fact, taking this a step further, one can easily see that the B.C. government spending $9billion+ on a dam is a waste of financial resources. If that money (or even a portion of it) were to be put towards establishing the Passive House standard for construction in B.C., the economy, industry and the environment would be better off overall. The money could be put into policy, engagement, education, innovation and new initiatives that would continue to pay off down the road for a much longer time than a dam will. The number of jobs that would be created would be far greater, and B.C. would end up being a leader and net exporter of their innovations and knowledge to the world!
At least the City of Vancouver is recognizing the Passive House standard in building applications and making special allowances for this type of construction. In general for the future, the CoV is focusing on GHG emissions, as well as indoor air quality, which bodes very well for hempcrete. It is a carbon-negative building material, as well as non-toxic and very healthy, so I hope to see some hempcrete projects coming to the city soon.


Colleen Arnold, President, Aqua Water
Colleen Arnold is president of the Aqua division of Essential Utilities, Inc.
Aqua is a leading water and wastewater utility with 1,600 employees and more than 130 years of industry expertise. Each year, Aqua delivers more than 86 billion gallons of water to approximately 3 million people – including families, businesses and school communities – across eight states. Aqua is a leader in renewing and improving water and wastewater infrastructure, having invested more than $2 billion in capital improvements over the past five years alone.
Arnold was named to her current role upon the closing of Essential’s acquisition of natural gas distribution company Peoples. She was previously deputy chief operating officer (DCOO) for Aqua, a role she held since September 2015. Prior to that, Arnold held the roles of director of water quality and environmental compliance, where she organized and oversaw the Compliance Assurance Program, which ensures compliance with environmental regulations and permits for all Aqua operations, as well as manager of treatment and water quality at Aqua Pennsylvania.
During her tenure at Aqua, Arnold has headed many successful initiatives, including realigning and leading the National Safety program, establishing and leading an Enterprise Asset Management program, as well as other best practice initiatives including water loss and treatment optimization across Aqua’s footprint.
Arnold has more than 25 years of experience in environmental engineering and utility operations management, as well as extensive background and education in water quality. She began her career as a consultant engineer with two top tier firms where she provided services to water and wastewater utilities in New York City, Philadelphia, and throughout the country.
Arnold worked as water quality manager and assistant water director for more than eight years with the City of Wilmington (Delaware). There she established an asset management program, implemented a work order management system and an enhanced long-term control plan for the combined sewer program, and managed a $40 million energy performance contract with Honeywell.
Education, Professional Memberships & Honors
Arnold, a licensed professional engineer in Delaware, earned her B.S. in civil engineering from the University of Massachusetts, her M.S. in environmental engineering from Manhattan College, and her executive MBA from Villanova University.
Arnold’s professional memberships include more than 25 years with the American Water Works Association, where she currently serves on the Partnership for Safe Water steering committee and the Technical & Educational Council. She is also a member of the Water Environment Federation. She has been a board member for the Partnership for Delaware Estuary since 2016 and serves on the Citizen’s Advisory Committee for the City of Wilmington Public Works Utility division.
In 2019, while working toward her MBA at Villanova University, Arnold received the Bartley Medallion, the highest distinction the Villanova School of Business presents to a graduating student, reflecting significant contributions made to the school community.


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University District Gateway Bridge
Located in the heart of Seattle, Washington, the University District Gateway Bridge is a testament to modern engineering and urban connectivity. Spanning the bustling University Way NE, this architectural marvel seamlessly integrates the University District with its vibrant surrounding community.
The University District Gateway Bridge is a striking cable-stayed bridge that serves as a functional pedestrian and cyclist pathway and stands out as a distinctive piece of the city’s skyline. With its sleek, contemporary design, the bridge adds a touch of sophistication to the urban landscape, offering an aesthetically pleasing contrast to the historical and academic ambiance of the University of Washington campus. Previous
As pedestrians traverse the bridge, they are treated to panoramic views of the surrounding area. The Seattle skyline, Mount Rainier, and the bustling activity of the University District unfold before their eyes. This vantage point enhances the overall experience of crossing the bridge and fosters a sense of connection between the city’s diverse elements.
Beyond its visual appeal, the University District Gateway Bridge is crucial in fostering sustainable transportation. Cyclists and pedestrians can easily access the University of Washington campus, creating a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional commuting methods. The bridge is a vital link, promoting a sense of community by encouraging individuals to explore the various shops, cafes, and cultural venues that define the University District.
Moreover, the University District Gateway Bridge is not merely a structure but a symbol of Seattle’s commitment to innovation, accessibility, and cohesiveness. As the city continues to evolve, this architectural gem stands as a reminder that progress and connectivity can coexist harmoniously, enriching the lives of residents and visitors alike in the dynamic tapestry of Seattle’s urban landscape.


Asphalt Pavement starts to deteriorate as soon as it can be laid down. Fuel and lubricants dissolve it, water softens it and sunlight accelerates oxidation to interrupt across the binder. Unsealed blacktop can lose half its thickness in 20 years.
Inside a year approximately, the very first black color starts to pale. The alberta asphalt paving actually starts to lose plasticity. Hairline cracks form. After five-years the entire thickness has oxidized and grow brittle. The hue is light gray. Through the eighth year, cracks extend clear throughout the pavement. Material is loose on the top. The base fails as water soaks through. In just a year approximately, areas with alligatoring cracks become potholes. After fifteen years, the whole surface could have separated.
When was the past time which you considered your asphalt parking area and its upkeep? This is actually the same place where you park your car everyday along with the entrance to your house or office. It is actually a known simple fact that first impressions are lasting and this is true for the clients or friends after they drive to your parking lot. They may be either motivated to come and visit you or change and drive away, based on the look of your surroundings you will find, this includes your car park!
We shall first start with a few statistics of asphalt parking area upkeep. If your asphalt is sealcoated every 36 months, it will have an average life span of thirty years! Should your asphalt is not really sealcoated, it will offer an average life time of fifteen years. Asphalt repairs may cost around much as $6.00 per square foot. Sealcoat can be applied for as little as 8 cents per square foot. It doesn’t go on a genius to figure out that sealcoating your asphalt every 3 years prevents major repair costs in future years.
To find out when your car park needs any repairing, go have a look at it. Here are a few signs to find:
1. Rough Asphalt – Will be the surface of your asphalt not smooth? Could you begin to see the tops from the rock or aggregate showing through? Are items of rock emerging from your asphalt? These are generally all signs that you should have your parking area sealed and repaired. Excessively rough areas usually require installing a brand new asphalt skin patch prior to sealcoating in order that the sealcoat will last when being used on these areas.
2. Cracked Asphalt – Do you have cracks appearing inside your asphalt? This can be brought on by either excess water within the parking area or lack of proper sealcoat maintenance over the years. These areas might be repaired by either rubber crack filling or removing and replacing these with new asphalt depending on how severe the damage has become. Cracks can also be a result of tree root pressure.
3. Worn Stripes – Can be your parking space striping and stenciling looking worn? Are definitely the old lines appearing using your old sealcoat? These are generally signs that it is time for you to sealcoat and re-stripe the parking area. Striping is the most noticeable portion of the car park and it is essential that you have a neatly done job.
When choosing an asphalt contractor to do the job, be sure to ask for references to previous jobs which were completed. Call those to ascertain if these were satisfied with the asphalt contractor’s work. Remember, pricing is not everything! Some contractors use better materials and do better work than other contractors.
Usually of thumb, ensure that the asphalt contractor dilutes the sealcoat using a maximum of 10% water. This way you will definately get a thicker coat of sealer- and will last longer. Whenever your asphalt is severely cracked (alligatored) and has to be removed and substituted with new asphalt, make sure that the new asphalt is installed to a depth of a minimum of 3 inches. This may usually provide you with a good solid patch. Remember, first impressions are lasting. People similar to a clean and well kept parking lot.
Stop… Think About Your Asphalt Driveway!
When was the very last time which you considered your asphalt driveway (the road leading to the humble home and the place where you park your automobile)? This article will supply you with the in’s and out’s on taking care of your asphalt driveway, whether it be new or else.
If you have an asphalt driveway, seal it! Direct sunlight and water are your driveway’s worst enemies. Should you not regularly seal your driveway, the top may become rough and also the asphalt are going to crack, causing further damage. When your driveway is older, has begun to get rough, and is forming small cracks it really is much more urgent that you seal it to guard your investment.
If you opt to do the job yourself, you can buy asphalt sealer in five-gallon containers at any of your local lumber companies or diy stores. You also have to get a special sealer broom to utilize the sealer plus a paintbrush to reduce in along walls and tight areas. Utilizing the sealer in your driveway might be tricky. You have to put it on in even brush strokes. Whenever it dries it will look just how you will brushed it on. The sealer will dry fast so you should work rapidly.
There exists a significant difference involving the sealers that YOU can buy as well as the sealers which can be employed by asphalt contractors who seal driveways for the living. The sealers how the asphalt contractors use contain silica sand and/or slate that enables the seal to last about twice as long as the kind purchased at the shop. The asphalt contractor relies on a mixer machine to keep the aggregates agitated. Otherwise, it could stick like lead to the bottom of the container. When you seal your own driveway, it’s good to accomplish it about each and every year. For those who have a contractor undertake it, have him seal it every 3 years.
In case your driveway is older and contains some cracks, it is suggested to solve them before any more damage occurs. Asphalt cracking is caused primarily with the results of direct sunlight and by moisture. Proper focus to cracks may prevent your driveway from deteriorating further and definately will double the lifetime of your asphalt. If you seal your own cracks, ensure that you invest in a crack sealer that has rubber compounds. This sort of product allows the crack to expand and contract without breaking open. Rubber crack sealer will flex with all the movement of your asphalt and can help prevent water from seeping to the crack. Always seal the cracks prior to deciding to seal your asphalt driveway. If you hire a contractor to seal your cracks, make sure he works with a rubber based sealer. (Some tend not to!)
Your driveway is an investment. The more effective you care for it, the less it can cost you in the end. The greatest thing about a properly-maintained driveway is it looks great and enhances the style of your own home.
I can’t count the amount of telephone calls that we have received from irate apartment owners. The conversation usually begins with the owner saying, “Those darn trash trucks are ruining my asphalt parking area. You will find cracks with regards to the attention will see along with the ground is starting to heave. I’m afraid that one of my tenants will almost certainly fall and brake a leg.” You might already know, these are all very valid concerns.
Trash trucks will be the leading source of asphalt car park damage. Generally, parking lots are certainly not constructed to handle heavy truck traffic. Normally the base material (decomposed granite) on older parking lots has not been installed or has become installed in a very thin layer. The pavement that may be laid in addition to this base is only as strong because the base material. This may cause premature stress around the asphalt pavement every time a heavy truck passes across the surface.
Consider it! One pass of any 18,000 pound load on one axle truck has the same impact on an asphalt parking area as 9,600 automobile passes. Just what does your local trash truck weigh when it is loaded with wet, smelly, compacted garbage? It usually weighs over 18,000 pounds. Should your trash truck appears one or two times every week, the damage load can be the same in principle as between ten thousand and 20,000 cars. That’s lots of traffic!
At this point, maybe you are wondering what you can do about this problem. Depending on your premises, there are various measures that you could choose to use help repair the existing damage and limit future trash truck damage.
The first thing that you want to do is to repair the harm how the trash truck is responsible for. This usually requires saw-cutting and removing the damaged asphalt and replacing it with new asphalt to a depth of not less than four inches. The new asphalt patch ought to always be deeper than your overall asphalt.
When your trash truck damage is not really too severe, you may have your damaged areas overlaid with a brand new layer of Petromat and asphalt. This can be less costly than removing and replacing your asphalt. Petromat is made out of fiberglass and is made to assist in preventing your old pavement cracks from coming with the new layer of asphalt. The brand new layer of asphalt has to be at least 1.5 inches deep on the Petromat for maximum effectiveness. Since the degree of your overall car park will be raised by Petromat patches, you have to make certain that water puddling is not going to turn into a problem.
After your asphalt patches have already been completed, you must sealcoat and re-stripe your parking area to help keep it looking nice to maintain your patches tightly locked and waterproof.
The next thing you should do would be to learn how to aid the prevention of damages from occurring again! A great way to do that is usually to install concrete pads in which the trash trucks increase the risk for most damage. Usually this is within the FRONT of your own trash dumpsters. The concrete pads I see are generally too small or happen to be in a bad location. You must make sure how the concrete pad is over the garbage truck which is installed where he stops and picks up your trash dumpster. Why this region is susceptible to one of the most damage is that the trash truck is stopped inducing the most down pressure on the pavement. The truck also shakes and shudders after it is dumping your dumpster that causes additional stress in the area. The concrete pad should be at the least six inches deep, using steel rebar and 3,000 PSI concrete.
The third thing you should do is usually to review the existing locations of your trash dumpsters. Closer is way better! Some apartment properties are situated so the dumpster areas may be moved closer to the road. Remember, the even closer to the street that one could locate your trash dumpsters, the less it can cost you in parking area repairs. Generally in most apartment owner cases, what this means is 1000s of dollars $$$ in lasting savings.