(Last amended in December 2015)
18.1 Objective and Scope of Application
18.3 Program for Working Conditions and Environment in the Construction Industry (PCMAT)
18.4 Welfare Facilities
18.6 Excavations, Foundations and Stripping of Rocks
18.8 Steel Reinforcement
18.9 Concrete Structures
18.10 Metal Structures
18.11 Welding and Hot Cutting Operations
18.12 Stairs, Ramps and Walkways
18.13 Protective Measures Against Fall from Height
18.14 Handling and Transporting of Materials and People
18.15 Scaffoldings and Work Platforms
18.16 Steel Wire Ropes and Synthetic Fiber Slings
18.17 Brickwork, Coating and Finishings
18.18 Roofs and Roof Coverings
18.19 Floating Services
18.20 Confined Spaces
18.21 Electrical Installations
18.22 Machinery, Equipment and Miscellaneous Tools
18.23 Personal Protective Equipments
18.24 Storages and Storing of Materials
18.25 Transportation of Workers in Motor Vehicles
18.26 Fire Protection
18.27 Safety Sign
18.30 Hoardings and Galleries
18.31 Fatal Accidents
18.32 (Repealed by Ordinance SIT no 237, June 10, 2011)
18.33 Internal Commission for Accident Prevention (CIPA) in the Construction Companies
18.34 Permanent Committee on Working Conditions and Environment in Construction Industry
18.35 Technical Recommendations for the RTP Procedures
18.36 General Provisions
18.37 Final Provisions
18.38 Temporary Provisions
18.1.1 This Regulatory Standard (NR) establishes the administrative, planning and organizational guidelines, which aim for the implementation of safety control measures and preventive systems in the process, in the working conditions and environment in construction industry.
18.1.2 Those listed in Table 1 of NR4, and the activities and services of demolition, repair, painting, cleaning and maintenance in general of any type of building, including maintenance of urbanization and landscaping works are considered as the activities of the Construction Industry.
18.1.3 The entry or staying of the workers in the construction site is forbidden, without being ensured by the measures provided in this NR and the compatibility with the phase of work.
18.1.4 The observance of this NR does not exempt the employers from the compliance with the provisions relating to the working conditions and environment, as determined by the federal, state or municipal legislation, and by the collective bargaining.
18.2.1 It is mandatory to notify the following information to the Regional Labor Office before beginning the activities:
a) address of the work site;
b) address and qualification (CEI, CGC or CPF) of the contractor, employer or condominium;
c) type of the work;
c) start and completion dates of the work;
e) maximum number of workers expected to work.
18.3.1 It is mandatory to prepare and comply with the PCMAT in the establishments with 20 (twenty) or more employees, covering all aspects of this NR and other complementary safety features.
184.108.40.206 The PCMAT shall include the requirements contained in the NR 9 – Environmental Risk Prevention Program.
220.127.116.11. The PCMAT shall be kept in the establishment at the disposal of the regional body of the Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE).
18.3.2. The PCMAT shall be prepared by a legally qualified professional in the field of occupational safety.
18.3.3. The implementation of the PCMAT in the establishments is the responsibility of the employer or the condominium.
18.3.4. The content of the PCMAT:
a) memorial on working conditions and environment in the activities and operations, taking the risks of occupational illness and accidents and the respective preventive measures into consideration;
b) implementation design of the collective protections in accordance with the stage of the work;
c) technical specifications of the collective and individual protections to be used;
d) schedule for implementing the preventive measures defined in PCMAT in accordance with the stages of work;
e) initial and updated layout of the construction site and/or the work front, including the welfare facilities;
f) training program covering the topics on prevention of occupational diseases and accidents, with their course load.
18.4.1 The construction sites shall have:
a) sanitary installations;
b) changing rooms and lockers;
d) dining hall;
e) kitchen, when preparing meals;
g) recreation area;
h) outpatient clinic, in case of 50 (fifty) or more workers.
18.104.22.168 Complying with the provisions in paragraph “c”, “f” and “g” is mandatory where the workers accommodate.
22.214.171.124 The welfare facilities shall be kept in perfect condition, hygiene and cleanliness.
126.96.36.199 The mobile installations, including containers, will be accepted in the welfare facilities, provided that every module:
a) has an effective natural ventilation area of at least 15% of the floor area, composed of at least two openings properly placed arranged to allow effective internal ventilation;
b) ensures thermal comfort conditions;
c) has a minimum ceiling height of 2,40m;
d) ensures other hygiene and comfort requirements established in this NR;
e) has a protection against electrical shock by indirect contact, in addition to electrical grounding.
188.8.131.52.1 In the mobile installations, including containers, designed to accommodate bunk type double beds, the headroom between two beds shall be at least 0.90 m.
184.108.40.206.2 In case of adapting the containers originally used for transporting or securing the loads, a technical report concerning the absence of chemical, biological and physical hazards (especially for radiation) with the identification of the company responsible for the adaptation, shall be kept in the construction site at the disposal of the trade union and the labor inspection.
18.4.2 Sanitary Facilities
220.127.116.11 The place intended for the personal hygiene and/or the physiological needs of excretion is accepted as a sanitary facility.
18.104.22.168 It is forbidden to use the sanitary installations for any purpose other than those specified in sub-item 22.214.171.124.
126.96.36.199 The sanitary facilities shall:
a) be kept in perfect condition and hygiene;
b) have sturdy and durable access doors and be constructed so as to maintain appropriate guard;
c) have walls from resistant and washable material, which might be wood;
d) have impermeable, washable and non-slip floors;
e) not be connected directly to the designated eating places;
f) be separate for men and women, when necessary;
g) have adequate ventilation and lighting;
h) have suitably protected electrical installations;
i) have a minimum ceiling height of 2.50m, or respecting those stipulated in the Building Code of the Municipality;
j) be located within easy and safe access, a displacement superior than 150 meters from the place of work to the toilets, urinals and lavatories is not allowed;
188.8.131.52 The sanitary facility shall be constituted of lavatory, toilet and urinals, in ratio of 1 set for each group of 20 workers, as well as shower in ratio of 1 unit for each group of 10 workers.
184.108.40.206.1 The lavatories shall:
a) be individual or collective, chute type;
b) have metal or plastic tap;
c) have a height of 0.90 m;
d) to be connected directly to the sewerage system, when necessary;
e) have a smooth, waterproof and washable internal coating;
f) have a minimum space of 0.60 m between taps, when collective;
g) have a disposal container for waste paper.
220.127.116.11.1. The location of toilets (sanitary cabinet) shall:
a) have a minimum area of 1.00 m2;
b) have a door with an internal door latch and lower edge of maximum 0.15 m in height;
c) have dividers with a minimum height of 1.80 m;
d) have lidded containers for the disposal of waste paper, being required to provide toilet paper.
18.104.22.168.2 The toilets shall:
a) be a squatting or sitting type;
b) have a discharge tank or automatic valve;
c) be connected to the general sewerage system or to the septic tank, with interposition of hydraulic siphons.
22.214.171.124.1 The urinals shall:
a) be individual or collective, through type;
b) have a smooth, waterproof and washable internal coating;;
c) have an automatic or manual discharge;
d) be at a maximum height of 0.50 m from the floor;
e) be connected to the general sewerage system or to the septic tank, with interposition of hydraulic siphons.
126.96.36.199.2 Each 0.60 m segment of through type urinal shall correspond to a bowl type urinal.
188.8.131.52.1 The minimum area required for each shower is 0.80 m2, with a height of 2.10 m from the floor.
184.108.40.206.2 The floors of the places where the showers are installed shall have a trim that ensures the water flow to the sewage system, if any, and shall be of non-slip material or provided with wooden pallets.
220.127.116.11.3 The showers shall be of metal or plastic, individual or collective, providing hot water.
18.104.22.168.4 Each shower shall have a soap holder and a towel rack.
22.214.171.124.5 Electric showers shall be properly grounded.
126.96.36.199 Changing room
188.8.131.52.1 Every construction site shall have a changing room for workers who do not reside on site to change their clothes.
184.108.40.206.2 The location of the changing room shall be close to the accommodations and/or the entrance of the site, without direct connection to the dining hall or kitchen.
220.127.116.11.3 The changing rooms shall:
a) have walls from brick, wooden or equivalent material;
b) have floors from concrete, cemented, wooden or equivalent material;
c) have coverings that will protect against inclement weather;
d) have ventilation areas corresponding to 1/10 of the floor area;
e) have natural or artificial lighting;
f) have personal lockers endowed with door locks or padlocks;
g) have a minimum ceiling height of 2.50m, or respecting those stipulated in the Building Code of the Municipality;
h) be kept in perfect condition, hygiene and cleanliness.
i) have benches in sufficient number to serve to the users, with a minimum width of 0.30m.
18.104.22.168.1 The accommodations in the construction sites shall:
a) have walls from brick, wooden or equivalent material;
b) have floors from concrete, cemented, wooden or equivalent material;
c) have coverings that will protect against inclement weather;
d) have ventilation areas corresponding to 1/10 of the floor area;
e) have natural or artificial lighting;
f) have a minimum area of 3.00 m2 per bed/closet module, including the circulation area;
g) have a minimum ceiling height of 2.50m for single beds and 3.00 m for double beds;
h) not be located in the basements or cellars of the buildings;
i) have suitably protected electrical installations.
22.214.171.124.2 It is forbidden to use 3 or more beds in the same floor space vertically.
126.96.36.199.3 The headroom allowed between two beds, and the latter and the ceiling is at least 1.20 m.
188.8.131.52.4 The top bunk bed shall have side protection and a ladder.
184.108.40.206.5 The minimum dimensions of the beds shall be 0.80m by 1.90m and the distance between the bed slats shall be 0.05m, providing mattresses with a density of 26 (twenty six) and a minimum thickness of 0.10 m (ten centimeters).
220.127.116.11.6 The beds shall have sheet, pillow and pillow cover in adequate hygienic conditions, as well as blankets, when the weather conditions so require it.
18.104.22.168.7 The accommodations shall have double individual closets with the following minimum dimensions:
a) 1.20m high by 0.30m wide and 0.40m deep, with separation or shelf, so that a compartment with a height of 0.80m to keep the clothes for common use and other compartment with a height of 0.40m to keep the working clothes; or
b) 0.80m high by 0.50m wide and 0.40m deep with a division in vertical direction, so that the compartments with a width of 0.25m to isolate the clothes for common use and work.
22.214.171.124.8 It is forbidden to cook and heat any meal in the accommodations.
126.96.36.199.9 The accommodations shall be kept in perfect condition, hygiene and cleanliness.
188.8.131.52.10 It is mandatory to provide fresh, filtered potable water for the employees by means of inclined jet-type drinking fountain or similar equipments that ensure the same conditions, in ratio of 1 for each group of 25 employees.
184.108.40.206.11 The stay of people with infectious contagious disease in the accommodations is forbidden.
220.127.116.11 Dining hall
18.104.22.168.1 It is mandatory to have an adequate dining spot in the construction sites.
22.214.171.124.2 The dining facilities shall:
a) have walls that allow isolation during meals;
b) have floors from concrete, cemented or other washable material;
c) have coverings that will protect against inclement weather;
d) have a capacity to ensure the attendance of all the employees at meal time;
e) have natural and/or artificial ventilation and lighting;
f) have washbasins installed in the vicinity or inside;
g) have tables with flat and washable tops;
h) have seats in sufficient numbers to serve the users;
i) have lidded containers for wastes;
j) not be located in the basements or cellars of the buildings;;
k) not have direct connection with sanitary facilities;
l) have a minimum ceiling height of 2.50m, or respecting those stipulated in the Building Code of the Municipality.
126.96.36.199.3 Regardless of the number of employees and whether or not there is a kitchen, the construction sites shall have an exclusive location for heating meals, with adequate and safe heating equipment.
188.8.131.52.3.1 It is forbidden to prepare, heat and have meals outside of these locations.
184.108.40.206.4 It is mandatory to provide fresh, filtered potable water for the employees by means of inclined jet-type drinking fountain or other equivalent devices. The use of collective cups is forbidden.
220.127.116.11.1 When there is a kitchen in the construction site, it shall:
a) have natural and/or artificial ventilation that allows good exhaustion;
b) have a minimum ceiling height of 2.80m, or respecting those stipulated in the Building Code of the Municipality;
c) have walls from brick, concrete, wooden or equivalent material;
d) have floors from concrete, cemented, wooden or other easily cleanable material;
e) have covering of fire resistant material;
f) have natural and/or artificial lighting;
g) have sink for washing the foods and utensils;
h) have sanitary facilities for the exclusive of those appointed to handle the foodstuffs, meals and utensils, which do not communicate to the kitchen and not connected to the grease trap;
i) have lidded container for garbage collection;
j) have refrigeration equipment for preserving food;
k) be adjacent to the dining facilities;
l) have suitably protected electrical installations;
m) if LPG is used, the cylinders shall be installed out of the usage environment, in permanently ventilated and covered area.
18.104.22.168.2 It is mandatory to use aprons and bonnets for those working in the kitchen.
22.214.171.124.1 The living areas shall have their own, covered, ventilated and illuminated places so that the workers living at the construction site can wash, dry and iron their own clothes.
126.96.36.199.2 This place shall have individual or collective tanks in adequate number.
188.8.131.52.3 The company may contract third-party services to meet the requirements in item 184.108.40.206.1, at no cost to the employees.
220.127.116.11 Recreation area
18.104.22.168.1 The living areas shall be provided with recreation areas for the workers living at the construction site. The dining hall can be used for this purpose.
18.5.1 Before starting the demolition, electricity, water, flammable liquids and liquefied gases lines, toxic substances, sewer and water drainage pipes shall be disconnected, removed, protected or isolated, respecting the standards and determinations in effect.
18.5.2 The neighboring buildings to the demolition site shall be examined, priorly and periodically, in order to preserve their stability and physical integrity of others.
18.5.3 The demolition shall be planned and directed by a legally qualified professional.
18.5.4 Before starting the demolition, the glasses, slats, stucco and other fragile items.
18.5.5 Before starting the demolition of a pavement, all the openings on the floor shall be closed, except those that are used for the disposal of materials. People shall not stay on the pavements of which their stability might be compromised during the demolition process.
18.5.6 The stairs shall be kept clear and free of obstructions in case of emergency, and will only be demolished as the materials from upper floors are being removed.
18.5.7 Heavy and bulky items shall be removed by using mechanical devices. The release of any material in free fall is prohibited.
18.5.8 The debris removal, by gravity, shall be done through closed chutes made of resistant material, with a maximum inclination of 45º, attached to the building on every floor.
18.5.9 At the discharge point of the chute, a closure device shall be in place.
18.5.10 During the execution of demolition services, the debris retaining platforms shall be installed at most two floors below and around the perimeter of the working level, with a minimum dimension of 2.50m and inclination of 45º.
18.5.11 The elements of construction in demolition shall not be left in a position which makes them possible to collapse.
18.5.12 The materials of the building shall be previously moistened during the demolition and removal.
18.5.13 The walls can only be demolished before the structure when they are metal or concrete.
18.6.1 The work area shall be cleaned previously, and trees, rocks, equipments, materials and any kind of objects shall be removed or firmly propped, when there is a risk of losing stability while performing services.
18.6.2 Walls, neighboring buildings and all structures that may be affected by the excavation must be propped.
18.6.3 The services of excavation, foundation and stripping of rock shall have a legally qualified responsible technician.
18.6.4 When there is an underground power cable in the vicinity of excavation, the excavation can only b e started when he cable is disconnected.
22.214.171.124 If it is impossible to disconnect the cable, special measures shall be taken by concessionaire.
18.6.5 The unstable slopes of the excavations deeper than 1.25m shall have their stabilities ensured by dimensioned structures for this purpose.
18.6.6 For elaboration of the project and implementation of open pit excavations, the conditions required in NBR 9061/85 – Open Pit Excavation Safety shall be observed.
18.6.7 The excavations more than 1.25m in depth shall have stairs or ramps placed close to the working place in order to allow workers to evacuate quickly in case of any emergency, regardless of the provisions of sub-item 18.6.5.
18.6.8 The materials removed from the excavation shall be deposited at a distance greater than half of the excavation depth, as measured from the edge of the slope.
18.6.9 The stability of the slopes greater than 1.75m in height shall be ensured.
18.6.10 When there is a possibility of gas leak or infiltration, the site shall be properly ventilated and monitored.
126.96.36.199 The monitoring shall be effected while the work is being carried out, so that the audible and visual alarm will be activated in case of a leak.
18.6.11 Excavations on public roads or construction sites shall have warning signs and isolation barrier around the perimeter of excavation, including at nights.
18.6.12 The access of workers, vehicles and equipments to the excavation areas shall have permanent warning signs.
18.6.13 The access to the excavation or pile driving areas by unauthorized personnel is prohibited.
18.6.14 The pile driver operator shall be qualified and have trained team.
18.6.15 The cables sustaining the pestle shall be long enough to have a minimum 6 turns on the drum in any working position.
18.6.16 In the execution of excavations and foundations under compressed air, the provisions in Annex 6 of NR15 – Unhealthy Activities and Operations shall be met.
18.6.17 In the execution of rock blasting, there shall be a blaster, responsible for the storage, preparation, loading f loads, firing order, detonation and removal of those failed to explode, adequate disposal of leftover explosives and electrical devices required for the detonation.
18.6.18 The fire area shall be protected against the projection of particles when the workers and third parties are exposed to risk.
18.6.19 Audible alarm is mandatory during the detonations.
18.6.20 In the execution of open caisson, the provisions of item 18.20 – Confined spaces shall apply.
18.6.21 In the execution of open caisson, the requirement for shoring (jacketing) is at the discretion of the engineer specializing in foundations or soil, considering the safety requirements.
18.6.22 The equipment for hoisting and lowering workers and materials, which used in the execution of open caisson, shall be equipped with a safety locking system.
18.6.23 The excavation of open caisson, widening and opening the base and sloping shall be preceded by probing or local geotechnical study.
188.8.131.52 In particular case of open caisson and base opening, the geotechnical study shall be required for depths greater than 3.00m.
18.7.1 The operations on machines and equipment necessary for carrying out carpentry work can only be performed by qualified workers in terms of this NR.
18.7.2 The circular saw shall meet the following provisions:
a) be provided with a stable table, which is closed on all sides, manufactured from first quality and sturdy wooden, metallic or similar material of equivalent resistance without any deficiency, with sufficient sizing to perform the tasks;
b) have an electrically grounded motor housing;
c) the blade shall be kept sharp and latched, and shall be replaced when any crack, broken tooth or warping;
d) the transmissions of mechanical force shall be protected by fixed and sturdy screen, and cannot be removed under any circumstances while performing the work;
e) be provided with hood guard above the blade and riving knife, with identification of the manufacturer and sawdust collector.
18.7.3 Push sticks or blocks and alignment tabs shall be used in wood cutting operations.
18.7.4 The lighting fittings in the carpentry shall be protected against impacts from projected particles.
18.7.5 The carpentry shall have resistant, leveled and non-slip floor with covering capable of protecting workers from falls of materials and inclement weather.
18.8.1 Bending and cutting steel rebars shall be done on benches or appropriate and stable platforms supported on resistant, leveled and non-slippery surfaces, away from the circulation area of the workers.
18.8.2 The frames of columns, beams and the vertical structures shall be supported and propped to prevent overturning and collapse.
18.8.3 The working area where the frame workbench is located shall have a sturdy covers to protect the workers from falling materials and inclement weather.
184.108.40.206 The lighting fittings in the working area of rebar framing shall be protected against impacts from projected particles and the rebars.
18.8.4 It is mandatory to place firmly supported wooden planks on rebar frames for the movement of workers.
18.8.5 Unguarded protruding steel reinforcing bars are prohibited.
18.8.6 While unloading steel bars, the area shall be isolated.
18.9.1 The formworks shall be designed and constructed so as to resist the maximum working load.
18.9.2 The use of sliding formworks shall be supervised by legally qualified professional.
18.9.3 The supports and props of the formworks shall be inspected before and during concrete pouring by a skilled worker.
18.9.4 During de-forming, necessary measures to prevent the formwork sections and props from falling shall be taken, and lashing the parts and isolating and signing on the ground level is mandatory.
18.9.5 The column frames shall be guyed and propped before cement pouring.
18.9.6 During steel cable pretensioning, standing behind or over the jacks, or other pretensioning equipments is prohibited. The area shall be isolated and signalized.
18.9.7 The devices and equipments used in pretension shall be inspected by legally qualified professional before and during the work.
18.9.8 The connections of concrete discharge pipes shall have safety devices to prevent when pressurized.
18.9.9 The parts and machines of the concrete discharge systems shall be inspected by a skilled worker before starting work.
18.9.10 Any personnel other than the team necessary to pour concrete is prohibited in local.
18.9.11 The immersion and board vibrators shall have double insulation and the connection cables shall be protected against mechanical shocks and cuts by the hardware, being inspected before and during use.
18.9.12 The buckets of concrete transporters shall have safety devices to prevent accidental discharges.
18.10.1 The parts shall be fixed in advance of being welded, riveted or bolted.
18.10.2 In the construction of steel structure, below the riveting, bolting or welding operations, provisional flooring shall be maintained, covering the whole work area located on the lower level.
18.10.3 The provisional floor shall be assembled without any opening in order to prevent materials or equipments from falling to a lower level.
18.10.4 When it is necessary to complement the provisional floor, safety nets shall be installed along the columns.
18.10.5 Suitable containers for depositing pins, rivets, bolts and tools shall be available to the workers in their working places.
18.10.6 Prefabricated structural components shall have weights and dimensions compatible with the transport and hoist equipments.
18.10.7 The component elements of the metal structure shall not have burrs.
18.10.8 When it is necessary to assemble a structure close to the energized power lines, disconnection of the network, removing energized parts, line protection shall be undertaken, in addition to grounding the structure and equipments being used.
18.10.9 The placement of pillars and beams shall be made while still suspended by the hoisting equipment, so that probing, marking and securing of the parts are executed.
18.11.1 The welding and hot cutting operations can only be performed by skilled workers.
18.11.2 When hot welding and cutting operations were performed in lead, zinc or cadmium coated materials, the removal of fumes produced in welding and cutting process by local exhaust ventilation is mandatory, as well as when using coated electrodes.
18.11.3 The device used for handling electrodes shall have insulation suitable for the current level used in order to avoid electrical arcing or shock.
18.11.4 In welding and hot cutting operations, it is mandatory to use screens effective to protect the neighboring workers. The material used in this protection shall be of noncombustible type.
18.11.5 In welding and hot cutting of vessel, container, tank or similar, which involve the generation of confined or semi-confined gases, it is mandatory to adopt additional preventive measures to eliminate the risk of explosion and intoxication of the workers, as mentioned in item 18.20 – Confined Spaces.
18.11.6 The hoses shall have mechanisms against retrogression of the flame mounted onto the outlet of cylinder and inlet of the hose.
18.11.7 The presence of flammable and/or explosive substances near to the O2 (oxygen) cylinders is prohibited.
18.11.8 Electric welding equipments shall be grounded.
18.11.9 The conductive wires of the equipment, welding tongs and pliers shall be be kept away from places with oil, grease or moisture, and shall be left at rest on insulating surfaces.
18.12.1 The wood to be used for the construction of stairs, ramps and walkways shall be of good quality without any crack that compromises its strength, be dry and the use of paint that conceals the imperfections is forbidden.
18.12.2 Common stairways, ramps and walkways for the movement of people and materials shall be of solid construction and be provided with handrails and footers.
18.12.3 Connection of floors with a difference of level over 0.40m shall be made by means of stairs or ramps.
18.12.4 It is mandatory to install a temporary ramp or stairway for common use to connect the levels as a means to movement of workers.
220.127.116.11 Temporary stairs for common use shall be sized according to the flow of workers, respecting the minimum width of 0.80m, and an intermediate landing shall be provided at least every 2.90m.
18.104.22.168.1 The intermediate landings shall have a width and length at least equal to the width of the stairs.
22.214.171.124 The use of portable ladders shall be restricted to temporary access and small services.
126.96.36.199 The portable ladders can be up to 7.00m and the spacing between the rungs shall be uniform, varying between 0.25m to 0.30m.
188.8.131.52 It is forbidden to use the ladders with one rail.
184.108.40.206 It is forbidden to put the portable ladders:
a) near doors or circulation areas;
b) where there is a risk of falling objects or materials;
c) near openings and gaps.
220.127.116.11 The portable ladders shall:
a) exceed 1.00m above the landing point;
b) be secured at top and bottom or provided with a device that prevents any displacement;
c) have slip-resistant steps;
d) be supported on stable surfaces.
18.104.22.168 It is forbidden to use portable ladders near unprotected electrical equipments networks.
22.214.171.124 Step ladders shall be rigid, stable and be provided with equipments that keep them in open position. They shall have a maximum length of 6.00m when closed.
126.96.36.199 Extension ladders shall be provided with travel limiting devices placed in the fourth opening starting from the pulley. If there is no limiter device, when extended, an overlap of at least 1.00m shall be provided.
188.8.131.52 Sailor-type fixed ladders with 6.00m or more in height shall be provided with protective cage starting from 2.00m above the bottom of ladder up to 1.00m above the top of ladder.
184.108.40.206.1 Landing platforms protected with guardrails and footers shall be provided at maximum intervals of 9.00m.
18.12.6 Ramps and walkways.
220.127.116.11 Temporary ramps and walkways shall be constructed and kept in perfect condition.
18.104.22.168 Temporary ramps shall be fixed in the lower and upper floors not exceeding 30º inclination in relation to the floors.
22.214.171.124 Temporary ramps with inclination greater than 18º shall have cross pieces spaced at least 0.40m apart from each other for feet support.
126.96.36.199 Temporary ramps used for truck traffic shall have a minimum width of 4.00m and be fixed at their ends.
188.8.131.52 There shall be no protrusion between walkway and ground floors.
184.108.40.206 The supports for the ends of walkways shall be sized according to total length of the walkways and the loads that will be submitted.
18.13.1 It is mandatory to install collective protection where there is a risk of falling of workers and materials.
18.13.2 The openings on the floor shall have sturdy temporary covers.
220.127.116.11 The openings, in case of being used for vertical transportation of materials and equipments, shall be protected by a fixed guardrail at the point of entry and exit of material, and by gate or similar type closing system.
18.13.3 Openings to the elevator shaft shall have temporary closures at least 1.20m in height, made of strong material and securely fixed to the structure until the final placement of doors.
18.13.4 It is mandatory to install a protection against falling of workers and projection of materials on the periphery of the building from the beginning of the services required for concreting the first slab.
18.13.5 The guardrail systems shall meet the following requirements:
a) top rail shall have a height of 1.20m and midrail shall have a height of 0.70m;
b) toeboard shall have a height of 0.20m;
c) screens, mesh or other devices shall extend along the entire opening between rails.
18.13.6 Around the perimeter of the construction with more than 4 floors or equivalent height, it is mandatory to install a main protection platform at the height of first slab, which is at least one ceiling above the ground level.
18.104.22.168 This platform shall have at least 2.50m of horizontal projection from the exterior surface of the building and a complement of 0.80m extension, with an inclination of 45º, starting from the edge.
22.214.171.124 The platform shall be installed just after the concrete slab when the exterior cladding of the building above that platform is completed.
18.13.7 Above and from the main protection platform, secondary protection platforms shall be installed for every 3 slab.
126.96.36.199 These platforms shall have at least 1.40m of projection and a complement of 0.80m extension, with an inclination of 45º starting from the edge.
188.8.131.52 Each platform shall be installed after the concrete slab to which it relates, and be removed only when the periphery fence up to the immediate above platform is completed.
18.13.8 In construction of the buildings with basement floors, tertiary protective platforms shall be installed in every 2 slabs, towards to the basement starting from the slab related to the main protective platform.
184.108.40.206 This platform shall have at least 2.50m of horizontal projection from the exterior surface of the construction and a complement of 0.80m extension, with an inclination of 45º, starting from the edge, also meeting the requirements of sub-item 220.127.116.11.
18.13.9 The perimeter of the building construction shall be closed with a screen starting from main protective platform, in addition to the provisions in sub-item 18.13.6 and 18.13.7.
18.104.22.168 The screen itself shall be a protective barrier against projection of materials and tools.
22.214.171.124 The screen shall be ınstalled between the ends of two consecutive protective platforms, and can only be removed when the periphery fence up to the immediate above platform is completed.
18.13.10 In constructions where the highest floors are intended, the first slab intended to the installation of main protective platform shall be considered and the provisions of sub-items 18.13.7 and 18.13.9 shall apply.
18.13.11 The protective platforms shall be constructed resistant and maintained without overloading in a way that impairs the stability of their structures.
18.13.12 Safety Nets
126.96.36.199 As an alternative to use the secondary protective platforms mentioned in item 18.13.7, a Fall Arrest System can be used along with the safety nets.
188.8.131.52 Fall Arrest System shall be composed of at least following elements:
a) safety nets;
b) support ropes and border ropes;
c) support, fixing and anchorage elements, and net accessories composed of:
II. Clamps for fixing the gallow;
III. Anchor hooks at the bottom of net.
184.108.40.206 The support elements cannot be made of wood.
220.127.116.11 The support and border ropes shall have a minimum diameter of 16mm and a minimum breaking load of 30 kN, already considered the safety factor 2 in the calculation.
18.104.22.168 Fall Arrest System shall have at least 2.50m of horizontal projection starting from the exterior surface of the building.
22.214.171.124 In the lower part of the Fall Arrest System, the safety net shall remain as close as possible to the level of work.
126.96.36.199 Between the lower part of the Fall Arrest System and the level of work, there shall be a maximum height of 6.00m.
188.8.131.52 The upper end of the safety net shall be located at least 1.00m above the level of work.
184.108.40.206 The safety nets shall present uniform meshing throughout their length.
220.127.116.11 When it is necessary to make changes in the net, the same characteristics of the original net shall be ensured with respect to lacing strength and deformation in addition to durability, and overlapping is prohibited.
18.104.22.168.1 The repairs shall be done by professional with qualification and specialization in safety nets, under the supervision of a legally qualified professional.
22.214.171.124 The distance between the anchorage points of safety net and the building surface shall be 0.10m in maximum.
126.96.36.199 The safety net shall be anchoraged to the building structure at its lower part no more than every 0.50m.
188.8.131.52 The support structure shall be designed so as to prevent the parts getting loose.
184.108.40.206 The maximum distance between the gallows shall be 5m.
220.127.116.11 The safety net shall be fabricated in color providing contrast, preferably dark, in cords 30/45, with distance of 0.04m to 0.06m between nods and a minimum height of 10.00m.
18.104.22.168 The support structure shall be sized by a legally qualified professional.
22.214.171.124.1 The tests shall be performed pursuant to item 126.96.36.199.
188.8.131.52 Fall Arrest System shall be subject to weekly inspection to verify the conditions of all its elements and attachment points.
184.108.40.206.1 Necessary corrective actions shall be taken after the weekly inspections.
220.127.116.11 Fall Arrest System’s safety nets shall be stored in adequate containers in dry and suitable locations.
18.104.22.168 The support elements of Fall Arrest System and its accessories shall be stored in suitable environments and protected from deterioration.
22.214.171.124 The support elements of safety nets cannot be used for any other purposes.
126.96.36.199 The employers who opt for Fall Arrest System shall provide a project that meets the dimensional specifications established in this Regulatory Standard, integrated into the PCMAT.
188.8.131.52.1 The project shall contain the technical details describing the phases of assembly, displacement of the System during the progress of works and disassembly.
184.108.40.206.2 The project shall be signed by a legally qualified professional.
220.127.116.11 Fall Arrest System shall be used until the completion of the services of structure and perimeter fence.
18.104.22.168 The phases of assembly, displacement and disassembly shall be supervised by a professional technically responsible for the execution of the work.
22.214.171.124 Placing tissue over the safety net, which prevents falling of small objects, is allowed since included in the project of Fall Arrest System.
126.96.36.199 Safety nets shall be made so as to meet the tests as provided in the EN 1263-1 and EN 1263-2 standards.
188.8.131.52 The safety requirements for assembly of nets shall meet the EN 1263-1 and EN 1263-2 standards.
18.17.1 Techniques that ensure the stability of brick walls shall be used.
18.17.2 Fixed frames of electrical outlets shall be protected whenever coating and finishing services are performed on site.
18.17.3 Locations below the glass placement areas shall be prohibited or protected against falling materials.
184.108.40.206 The glasses shall be marked in a visible manner after placement.
18.18.1 Devices, sized by a legally qualified professional and ensure the safe movement of the workers, shall be used to work on roofs and coverings.
220.127.116.11 It is mandatory to install a guide cable or lifeline for attaching the lanyard coupled to the full-body safety harness.
18.104.22.168 The lifeline shall be secured to definitive structure of the building, by means of anchorage, support or clamping brackets from stainless steel or other material of equivalent resistance, quality and durability.
18.18.2 It is mandatory to place warning signs and to isolate the area beneath the roofs or coverings in order to prevent the occurrence of accidents by eventual fall of materials, tools and/or equipments.
18.18.3 It is prohibited to perform works or activities on furnaces or any equipments on the roofs or coverings, of which may have gas emanation, whether or not originating from industrial processes.
22.214.171.124 Having an equipment with gas emanation, it shall first be switched off to perform services or activities on the roofs or coverings.
18.18.4 It is prohibited to carry out works or activities on the roofs or coverings in the event of rain, strong wind and slippery surfaces.
18.18.5 Implementation, maintenance, expansion and renovation services on roofs and coverings shall be preceded by preview inspection and preparation of Work Orders or Work Permit, containing the procedures to be adopted.
126.96.36.199 Concentration of loads at one point on the roof or coverings is prohibited.
18.19.1 Life vests or other flotation equipments shall be used while performing any work with risk of falling into the water.
18.19.2 There shall always be sufficient number of properly equipped lifeboats nearby and within easy access.
18.19.3 Work platforms shall be equipped with safety lines anchored on land, which may be used when weather conditions do not allow the use of boats.
18.19.4 All the safety signs of the platform and the rescue equipments shall be iluminated with water proof lamps during night work over water.
188.8.131.52 The lighting system shall be watertight.
18.19.5 The surfaces of the work platforms shall be non-slip.
18.19.6 It is forbidden to to leave materials and tools on the work platforms.
18.19.7 Guard rails shall be installed around the work platforms, firmly fixed to the frame.
18.19.8 The permanent presence of a professional is required for rescue, first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in any activity.
18.19.9 The floating services shall meet the provisions laid down in the Maritime Traffic Regulation and the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (COLREGS) of the Ministry of Navy.
18.19.10 The life jackets shall be orange and have the company name and the maximum capacity represented in kg (kilogram).
18.19.11 The number of life jackets shall be equal to the number of the workers and crew members.
18.19.12 It is forbidden to keep the rags soaked in oil and other volatile substances on board.
18.19.13 It is obligatory to install adequate number and capacity of fire extinguishers.
18.19.14 It is obligatory to use boots with lateral rubber bands.
18.20.1 Special protective measures shall be taken in activities that put the workers to risk of suffocation, explosion, intoxication and occupational disease, namely:
a) training and instruction for the workers regarding the risks they are exposed to, how to prevent them and the procedures to be adopted in circumstances of risk;
b) workers shall not carry out their activities without the use of appropriate PPE where chemicals are used;
c) performing work in confined space shall be preceded by preview inspection and preparation of work order with the procedures to be adopted;
d) permanent monitoring of substance that causes asphyxiation, explosion and intoxication within confined spaces shall be carried out by skilled worker under the supervision of responsible technician;
e) using oxygen for ventilation within confined spaces is prohibited;
f) effective local exhaust ventilation that extracts the contaminants and provides general ventilation blowing air inside the confine space, ensuring continuous renewal of air on an ongoing basis;
g) safety signs with clear and permanent information while performing work within confined spaces;
h) use of safety ropes or cables and anchorages points as safe means of rescue;
i) proper packaging of toxic and inflammable substances used in the application of laminates, floors, wallpapers or the like;
j) for each group of 20 workers, two of them shall be trained in rescue techniques;
k) keep air purifying respirators and/or self-contained self-rescuers within the reach of the workers;
l) in the case of tank maintenance, perform prior degassing before carrying out the job.
18.21.1 The implementation and maintenance of electrical installations shall be performed by qualified workers, and under the supervision by a legally qualified professional.
18.21.2 Any service on electrical installations can only be carried out when the electrical circuit is not energized.
184.108.40.206 When it is not possible to deenergize the electrical circuit, the service can only be performed after the additional protective measures have been adopted. It is also mandatory to use proper tools and personal protective equipments.
18.21.3 Exposed live parts of circuits and equipments are prohibited.
18.21.4 Changes and derivations of the conductors shall be performed so as to ensure adequate electrical contact and mechanical strength.
220.127.116.11 The isolation of changes and derivations shall have characteristics equivalent to those used conductors.
18.21.5 The conductors shall have proper insulations, and not allowed to obstruct the movement of materials and people.
18.21.6 The electrical circuits shall be protected against mechanical impacts, moisture and corrosive agents.
18.21.7 Whenever the wiring of an interim circuit becomes inoperative or dispensable, it shall be removed by the responsible electrician.
18.21.8 Shielded switches shall be properly protected from weather and installed in a position to prevent accidental closing of the circuit.
18.21.9 The fuse holders shall not be under tension when the shielded keys are in open position.
18.21.10 Shielded switches shall only be used for distribution circuits, and it is forbidden to use them to start and stop machines.
18.21.11 The provisional electrical installations in a construction site shall consist of:
a) main shielded switch according to the approval of the local concessionary, located in main distribution frame.
b) individual switch for each branch circuit;
c) shielded knife switch in plug board;
d) magnetic switches and circuit breakers, for the equipments.
18.21.12 The fuses of the shielded switches shall have a capacity compatible with the circuit to be protected, and their replacement with improvised devices or other fuses with higher capacity is not being allowed without a corresponding change of the wiring.
18.21.13 In all the extensions intended for the connection of electrical equipments, independent, magnetic switches or circuit breakers, which can be triggered easily and safely, shall be installed.
18.21.14 The high-voltage networks shall be installed to prevent accidental contact with vehicles, equipment and employees in circulation and can only be installed by the concessionary.
18.21.15 Transformers and tension reduction stations shall be installed in isolated locations, and only qualified workers or legally qualified professionals are allowed in.
18.21.16 The structures and housings of electrical equipment shall be electrically grounded.
18.21.17 In case there is a possibility of accidental contact with any energized part, proper isolation shall be adopted.
18.21.18 The general distribution frames shall be kept locked and their circuits identified.
18.21.19 When reconnecting shielded switches to the general distribution frame, all the equipments shall be disconnected.
18.21.20 Mobile electrical equipments or machines can only be connected through a set of plug and outlet.
18.27.1 Safety signs shall be used in the construction sites in order to:
a) identify support locations that compose the construction sites;
b) indicate the exists with arrows and signs reading ‘Exit’;
c) maintain communication through notices, posters or the like;
d) warn of risks of of accidental activation or contact with moving parts of machinery and equipments;
e) warn of risk of fall;
f) make aware of mandatory use of PPE, specific to an activity, with proper signaling and warning;
g) make aware of isolation of areas of transportation and circulation of materials by crane, winch and hoist;
h) identify accesses, circulation of vehicles and equipments on site;
i) warn workers of risks of passage where the ceiling height is less than 1.80m.;
j) identify the locations with toxic, corrosive, flammable, explosive and radioactive materials.
18.27.2 It is mandatory to use safety vest or reflective stripes on the chest and back when the worker is on public roads, signaling access to the construction site and service fronts or vertical transportation or movement of materials.
18.28.1 All employees shall receive admission and periodic training in order to ensure perform their activities safely.
18.28.2 The admission training shall have a minimum duration of six (6) hours, and be given within the working hours before the employees start their activities, consisting of:
a) information on the work conditions and environment;
b) risks inherent to employees’ roles;
c) proper use of the Personal Protective Equipments (PPE);
d) information on the Collective Protective Equipments (CPE), existing in the construction site.
18.28.3 Periodic trainings shall be given:
a) whenever it becomes necessary;
b) in the beginning of each phase of the work.
18.28.4 During trainings, the workers shall receive copies of procedures and instructions to be performed safely.
18.29.1 The construction site shall be organized, clean and free of obstruction, especially in the aisles, passageways and staircases.
18.29.2 The debris and any leftover materials shall be regularly collected and removed. Special care shall be taken in order to avoid excessive dust and potential risks during removal of debris and leftover materials..
18.29.3 When there’s a difference of level, the removal of debris and leftover materials shall be accomplished through mechanical equipments or closed gutters.
18.29.4 It is forbidden to burn trash or other material inside the construction site.
18.29.5 It is forbidden to keep the trash and debris accumulated or exposed in inappropriate places of the construction site.
18.30.1 It is mandatory to place hoardings or barriers to prevent unauthorized persons accessing to the local where construction activities are performed.
18.30.2 The hoardings shall be constructed and fixed in a sturdy manner, and have a minimum height of 2.20 meters from the ground level.
18.30.3 It is required to build galleries over the sidewalk with a free internal height of at least 3m during the construction activities with more than 2 floors from the level of curb.
18.104.22.168 In case performing work over the sidewalk, a gallery shall be constructed on the public road and be marked along its entire length with signs to warn the drivers and with lighting at night, respecting the Municipal Building Code and traffic laws.
18.30.4 The edges of the gallery covers shall have closed hoardings with a minimum height of 1.00 meter, with an inclination of approximately 45 degree.
18.30.5 The galleries shall be kept without overloads that undermine the stability of their structures.
18.30.6 In case there is a risk of material falling on neighbouring buildings, these shall be protected.
18.30.7 In case the building is being constructed along the property line, the whole length of the construction site shall be enclosed with boardings.
18.30.8 Whenever the distance between the demolition and the edge of the property line is less than 3.00 meters, hoardings shall be placed around the edges of the terrain, in accordance with sub-item 18.30.1.
18.31.1 In the event of fatal accident, following steps shall be taken:
a) report the fatal accident immediately to the police authority and to the regional office of the Ministry of Labor, which will transfer immediately to the union of the professional category of the construction site;
b) isolate the location directly related to the accident, maintaining its characteristics until its release by the police authority and the regional office of the Ministry of Labor.
22.214.171.124 The release may be granted after the investigation by the relevant regional office of the Ministry of Labor, which will take place within maximum of 72 hours, starting from receipt protocol of written notice to that office. The measures referred in paragraph “b” of sub-item 18.31.1 may be suspended after this period.
18.35.1 The Ministry of Labor, through the Jorge Duprat de Figueiredo Occupational Health and Safety Foundation (FUNDACENTRO), shall publish ‘Technical Procedure Recommendations’ (RTP), following is approval by the National Standing Committee on Conditions and Environment in Construction Industry (CPN), in order to support companies in complying with this NR18 standard.
RTP 01 – Protective Measures Against Fall From Height.
RTP 02 – Handling and Transporting of Materials and People – Construction Site Elevators.
RTP 03 – Excavation, Foundations and Stripping of Rocks.
RTP 04 – Stairs, Ramps and Walkways.
RTP 05 – Temporary Electrical Installations in Constructions Sites.
18.38.1 The Program for Working conditions and Environment in the Construction (PCMAT), referred in sub-item 18.2.1, shall be developed and implemented within two years from the effective date of NR18, as detailed below:
a) within the first year, establishments with 100 or more workers;
b) within the second year, establishments with 50 or more workers.
18.38.2 The passenger elevator referred in sub-item 126.96.36.199.1 shall be required after 4 years from the effective date of NR18, provided that there are at least 30 or more employees.
18.38.3 The passenger elevator shall be installed as from the seventh slab of the buildings under construction with 10 or more floors or equivalent height whose construction site has at least 40 workers.
18.38.4 The companies, which manufacture, lease, sell or use the scaffolds referred in sub-item 18.15.47, shall adapt these equipments within maximum 1 year from the effective date of NR18.


FlueSnug Boiler Flue Seal & Wall Hole Tidy Collar WHITE 100mm
The team behind PipeSnug, the innovative product that gives a quicker, smarter finish around pipework, has launched a ‘FlueSnug’ version designed to create a boiler flue seal for all 100mm boiler flues.
Sealing around a boiler flue traditionally requires pointing with sand and cement. FlueSnug removes any need for pointing, can be installed in seconds and snuggly fits the 152mm core-drilled hole in the wall through which the boiler pipe and flue exits. FlueSnug can be used both inside and outside the property for the best finish and prevents heat escaping. It also acts as a barrier to drafts, damp, insects and pests.
Furthermore, FlueSnug allows easy access to the flue for any service or maintenance work, without the need to remove existing brickwork, mortar or sealant. The FlueSnug can then simply be reinstalled once complete so no need to make good again afterwards, saving even more time and money.
Approved by major boiler manufacturers - including Worcester Bosch and Ideal - FlueSnug is one of the quickest and most cost-effective way to comply with forthcoming changes to Part L of the Building Regulations. These changes require a pipe collar or grommet to be used where a pipe enters or exits a home, helping to maintain the energy efficiency of the building.
FlueSnug is suitable for any building where a boiler flue has to be installed, including new boiler installations, retro-fitting to existing systems, new builds, local authority properties and commercial buildings.
The black FlueSnug is more commonly used externally and the white is mostly suitable for internal use. However, both colours are suitable for use inside and out depending on the colour of your flue pipe and wall.
* Fits 152mm core drill
* Replaces need to mortar around flue
* Internal and external use
* Installs in seconds and provides a long-lasting, professional finish
* Air and water-tight seal
* UV-rated so FlueSnug won't degrade over time
* Compliant with new changes to Part L of Building Regulations
* Endorsed by Worcester Bosch, Ideal Heating and other leading boiler manufacturers
* FlueSnug is made from recycled polypropylene and TPE
* The product and packaging are recyclable or biodegradable
* Make homes greener, smarter and more cost effective with FlueSnug
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The Hampton Roads Hazard Mitigation Plan is developed and maintained by the Hampton Roads Planning District Commission (HRPDC) with input from City stakeholders.
It identifies natural threats to which the City of Virginia Beach is vulnerable such as flooding and tropical storms. Mitigation actions within the Hampton Roads Hazard Mitigation Plan serve as a tenet of the City’s strategy to limit the likelihood of damage from these threats.
Updates to the Hampton Roads Hazard Mitigation Plan were completed in 2022. The updated Plan was approved by the Virginia Department of Emergency Management and the Federal Emergency Management Agency and later adopted by City Council. With Plan approval, the City of Virginia Beach is eligible for mitigation opportunities to implement pre-disaster and post-disaster projects.


At Tom Jones Corporation, commitment to excellence is in our DNA. Our ability to deliver superior construction and project management services has been nurtured over 100 years of business experience, and continues to pass to the next generations of Tom Jones Corporation talent through an inherent team culture.
We recognize that people are both the foundation and the future of our business success. Tom Jones Corporation people are motivated to overcome the challenges and exceed the goals of every project. Together with our clients, employees, sub-contractors and suppliers, we offer the most expertise and efficiency in the business to deliver excellence in the built environment.
No matter the project size, sector or scope of work, Tom Jones Corporation has a competitive edge that can withstand the test of time.


Derbyshire Building Control Partnership brings together the experience and knowledge of six established Local Authority Building Control services; Amber Valley, Bolsover, Chesterfield, Derby, Derbyshire Dales & North East Derbyshire.
For the most effective and efficient building control service, please contact us for all your project’s requirements.
North Office: Dunston Innovation Centre, Dunston Road, Chesterfield, S41 8NG
South Office: Suite 2, 45 Friar Gate, Derby, DE1 1DA
If you're a homeowner and planning an extension or conversion, you may need a building regulations inspection as well as planning permission. Whereas planning permission is about how a building looks, building regulations make sure your home is structurally safe.
Getting building work approved by your local council's building control team guarantees that the work is safe and up to building regulations standards as well as protecting you against rogue builders. So seek their advice before starting any building project.


ATLANTA—Porsche Cars North America Inc. (PCNA) has signed a contract with Cherry Street Energy LLC, the largest non-utility provider of solar energy in Georgia, to build and operate a solar power microgrid at the company’s headquarters and customer experience center here.
Energy from solar panels will provide a significant portion of the facility’s annual electricity needs. It will also mean the all-electric Taycan sports cars that are part of the visitor fleet can be charged from purely renewable power. The Experience Center, one of two in the U.S. and 10 in the world, is a track-based attraction where the public can drive the latest Porsche models with a personal coach.
The solar power project will contribute to PCNA’s sustainability goals as the campus adds major new facilities. The headquarters campus is currently undergoing a $50 million development that includes building a second driver development track for the public, due to be operational in early 2023.
New features of the development also include a Porsche Classic Factory Restoration facility, a parking deck and the already-opened Porsche Service Center South Atlanta. These developments are on 33 acres adjacent to the existing 27-acre headquarters and Porsche Experience Center, which first opened in 2015.
“Powering our North American home and our Taycan fleet through harnessing Georgia sunshine makes perfect sense, and is a great demonstration of our commitment to sustainability,” says Kjell Gruner, president and CEO of PCNA.
Cherry Street Energy estimates the array of solar panels on the headquarters campus will generate 2,050 megawatt hours (MWh) of electricity annually—enough to power 191 average homes for a year. Compared to using fossil fuel sources, this renewable electricity represents an estimated CO₂ reduction of 3.2 million pounds per year, equivalent to avoiding 3.6 million miles of driving by an average passenger vehicle.Installation of the solar microgrid will start in September and is expected to be completed in 2023. Panels will be mounted on new and existing buildings, the roofs of staging areas by the two tracks where customers start their drives, and on a new 950-foot covered walkway from the parking garage to the headquarters building. Cherry Street Energy will own, operate and maintain the microgrid, selling the power to PCNA.


AQUAPANEL® Cement Board Floor Tile Underlay
The light, highly stable dry floor panel AQUAPANEL® Cement Board Floor Tile Underlay is the ideal substrate for all kinds of tiles on wooden subfloors including ceramic, mosaic or natural stone. As an inorganic cement board, AQUAPANEL® Cement Board Floor Tile Underlay is resistant to water or mildew and thus perfectly suited for wet or humid floors.
Despite its stability, the AQUAPANEL® Cement Board Floor Tile Underlay is very light and only 6 mm thick. It therefore provides the best conditions particularly in cases where only a very low construction height is available. It also helps to ensure an even and seamless transition between tiles and carpet, for example, and to prevent threholds from having to be adapted or replaced. The boards are simple to score and snap and easy to install. For the installation just 9 screws per board are necessary and no pre-drilling is required.
PRODUCT FEATURES AND BENEFITS
Thickness of only 6 mm for low floor height
Can be installed over existing wooden subfloors
Will not deteriorate in water
Resistant to mould and mildew
Easy to score and snap
No pre-drilling required
6 easy installation steps


Whitechapel station is one of the most challenging and congested sites in one of the most complex railway engineering projects undertaken in Europe. Its protected Victorian façade and dense urban location with diverse local community, neighbouring school, and The Royal London Hospital all sit adjacent to this important transit interchange connecting the District, Hammersmith & City underground lines with the Overground system and now, the new Elizabeth Line.
Following a stringent assessment of people movement and circulation within the station, we have created a new concourse and Elizabeth Line platform, radically reorganising a heritage building. Capacity studies demonstrated that an increase in passenger numbers could be accommodated without the removal of important heritage buildings, which contribute to the local character. Crucially, the design emphasis shifted from a below-ground, subterranean solution to an above-ground station bridge, which enhances connectivity and accessibility.
Entry to the station is through the original refurbished and reinstated 1876 entrance on Whitechapel Road and a spectacular new walkway alongside the concourse leads to a new pedestrian entrance on Durward Street at the northern end, improving connectivity to the surrounding area.
The spacious new ticket office sits on a concourse which has been built on a bridge that floats above the underground and overground tracks that pass through the station. The raised structure allows daylight to stream down on to the platforms. In this way, Whitechapel station feels very different to other underground stations; the daylight, natural ventilation and open environment create a welcome ambience in this congested part of the capital, enabling people to enjoy fresh air and views to the outside environment from the concourse, with enhanced historic features which highlight the unique personality of the existing buildings.
A new green, sedum roof covering the main station concourse delivers both environmental and aesthetic benefits, reducing the heat island effect, improving air quality, noise and storm water attenuation and enhancing biodiversity.
A new public space to the north has enhanced the character of the local area as well as providing access to the Elizabeth line platform via three escalators and a lift. A widened stone-paved footway forms a forecourt for the new ticket hall and concourse. Court Street to the west leads to a pedestrian bridge over the Underground tracks, with improved paving and lighting. Part of the strategy was to ensure there was a common architectural language, both for the excavated element of the main station construction and at platform level, with original, culturally relevant elements retained throughout.
The new Whitechapel station is all about making connections. The design connects communities, connects nature to the cityscape and connects people to their destinations. It’s a 21st century station that meets the demands of London’s citizens, commuters and tourists and is a stunning backdrop to travel around the capital.


Certain words and phrases used in this chapter, unless otherwise clearly indicated by their context, mean as follows. Unless otherwise defined in this chapter the definitions provided in Chapter 18.20 CMC shall be applicable. If there is a conflict, the definitions in this section shall govern.
(1) “Alteration of watercourse” means any action that will change the location of the channel occupied by water within the banks of any portion of a riverine water body.
(2) “Appeal” means a request for review of the interpretation of any provision of this chapter or a request for a variance therefrom.
(3) “Area of special flood hazard” means the land in the floodplain within the City which is subject to a one percent or greater chance of flooding in any given year. This area designation on flood insurance rate maps always includes the letter A or V.
(4) “Base flood” means flood having a one percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year (also referred to as the “100-year flood”). The base flood is noted as the special flood hazard area designated on flood insurance rate maps as zone “A” or “V” including AE.
(5) “Base flood elevation” means the elevation to which floodwater is anticipated to rise during the base flood.
(6) “Basement” means any area of the building having its floor sub-grade (below ground level) on all sides.
(7) “Channel migration zone” or “CMZ” means those areas within the lateral extent of likely stream channel movement that are subject to risk due to stream bank destabilization, rapid stream incision, stream bank erosion, and shifts in the location of stream channels. “Channel migration zone” does not include areas that lie behind an arterial road, a public road serving as a sole access route, a State or Federal highway or a railroad. “Channel migration zone” may exclude areas that lie behind a lawfully established flood protection facility that is likely to be maintained by existing programs for public maintenance consistent with designation and classification criteria specified by public rule. When a natural geologic feature affects channel migration, the channel migration zone width will consider such natural constraints. The regulated channel migration zone includes the channel migration zone boundary and extends 50 feet landward in each direction from the stream.
(8) “Critical facility” means a facility for which even a slight chance of flooding might be too great. “Critical facilities” include, but are not limited to, schools, nursing homes, hospitals, police, fire and emergency response installations, and installations which produce, use or store hazardous materials or hazardous waste.
(9) “Development” or “development activity” means any manmade change to improved or unimproved real property, including but not limited to buildings or other structures or mining, dredging, filling, grading, paving, excavation, drilling operations or storage of equipment or materials, or removal of more than five percent of the natural vegetation located within the area of special flood hazard. This includes construction, repair, or replacement of culverts, pipes, bridges, levees, bank stabilization, docks, revetments, walls, bulkheads, driveways, or roads.
(10) “Director” means the Director of City of Covington Department of Community Development, or his or her designee. The term “Director” shall be interchangeable with the term “Floodplain Administrator.”
(11) “Elevated building,” for insurance purposes, means a non-basement building which has its lowest elevated floor raised above ground level by foundation walls, shear walls, posts, piers, pilings or columns.
(12) “Existing manufactured home park or subdivision” means a manufactured home park subdivision for which the construction of facilities for servicing the lots on which the manufactured homes are to be affixed (including, at a minimum, the installation of utilities, the construction of streets, and either final site grading or the pouring of concrete pads) is completed before the effective date of the adopted floodplain management regulations.
(13) “Expansion to an existing manufactured home park or subdivision” means the preparation of additional sites by the construction of facilities for servicing the lots on which the manufactured homes are to be affixed, including the installation of utilities, the construction of streets, and either final site grading or the pouring of concrete pads.
(14) “Flood” or “flooding” means a general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from (a) the overflow of inland or tidal waters; (b) the unusual and rapid accumulation of surface water runoff from any source; (c) mudslides (i.e., mudflows) that are proximately caused by flooding as defined in subsection (b) of this definition and are akin to a river of liquid and flowing mud on the surfaces of normally dry land areas, as when earth is carried by a current of water and deposited along the path of the current.
It also means the collapse or subsidence of land along the shore of a lake or other body of water as a result of erosion or undermining caused by waves or currents of water exceeding anticipated cyclical levels or suddenly caused by an unusually high water level in a natural body of water, accompanied by a severe storm, or by an unanticipated force of nature, such as flash flood or an abnormal tidal surge, or by some similarly unusual and unforeseeable event which results in flooding as defined in subsection (a) of this definition.
(15) “Flood elevation study” means an examination, evaluation and determination of flood hazards and, if appropriate, corresponding water surface elevations or an examination, evaluation and determination of mudslide (i.e., mudflow) and/or flood-related erosion hazards.
(16) Flood Insurance Study. See “Flood elevation study.”
(17) “Flood insurance rate map (FIRM)” means the official map of a community, on which the Federal Insurance Administrator has delineated both the special hazard areas and the risk premium zones applicable to the community. A FIRM that has been made available digitally is called a “digital flood insurance rate map (DFIRM).”
(18) “Floodplain or flood-prone area” means any land area susceptible to being inundated by water from any source. See “Flood” or “flooding.”
(19) “Floodplain administrator” means the Director or community official designated by this title to administer and enforce the floodplain management regulations.
(20) “Floodplain management” means the operation of an overall program of corrective and preventive measures for reducing flood damage, including, but not limited to, emergency preparedness plans, flood control works, and floodplain management regulations.
(21) “Floodplain management regulations” means zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations, building codes, health regulations, special purpose ordinances (such as floodplain ordinance, grading ordinance, and erosion control ordinance) and other applications of police power. The term describes such State or local regulations, in any combination thereof, which provide standards for the purpose of flood damage prevention and reduction.
(22) “Floodproofing” means any combination of structural and nonstructural additions, changes, or adjustments to structures which reduce or eliminate risk of flood damage to real estate or improved real property, water and sanitary facilities, structures, and their contents.
(23) “Floodway” means the channel of a river or other watercourse and the adjacent land areas that must be reserved in order to discharge the base flood without cumulatively increasing the water surface elevation more than a designated height. Also referred to as “regulatory floodway.”
(24) “Functionally dependent use” means a use which cannot perform its intended purpose unless it is located or carried out in close proximity to water. The term includes only docking facilities, port facilities that are necessary for the loading and unloading of cargo or passengers, and ship building and ship repair facilities, and does not include long-term storage or related manufacturing facilities.
(25) “Highest adjacent grade” means the highest natural elevation of the ground surface prior to construction next to the proposed walls of a structure.
(26) “Historic structure” means any structure that is:
(a) Listed individually in the National Register of Historic Places (a listing maintained by the Department of the Interior) or preliminarily determined by the Secretary of the Interior as meeting the requirements for individual listing on the National Register;
(b) Certified or preliminarily determined by the Secretary of the Interior as contributing to the historical significance of a registered historic district or a district preliminarily determined by the Secretary to qualify as a registered historic district;
(c) Individually listed on a State inventory of historic places in states with historic preservation programs which have been approved by the Secretary of the Interior; or
(d) Individually listed on a local inventory of historic places in communities with historic preservation programs that have been certified either:
(i) By an approved State program as determined by the Secretary of the Interior; or
(ii) Directly by the Secretary of the Interior in states without approved programs.
(27) “Lowest floor” means the lowest floor of the lowest enclosed area, including any basement. An unfinished or flood resistant enclosure which is usable solely for parking of vehicles, building access or storage, located in an area other than a basement area, is not considered a building’s lowest floor; provided, that such enclosure is not built so as to render the structure in violation of the applicable nonelevation design requirements of CMC 16.15.250(2).
(28) “Manufactured home” means a structure, transportable in one or more sections, which is built on a permanent chassis and is designed for use with or without a permanent foundation when attached to the required utilities. The term “manufactured home” does not include a “recreational vehicle.”
(29) “Manufactured home park or subdivision” means a parcel or contiguous parcels of land divided into two or more manufactured home lots for rent or sale.
(30) “Mean sea level” means, for purposes of the National Flood Insurance Program, the vertical datum to which base flood elevations shown on a community’s flood insurance rate map are referenced.
(31) “New construction” means, for the purposes of determining insurance rates, structures for which the “start of construction” commenced on or after the effective date of an initial flood insurance rate map or after December 31, 1974, whichever is later, and includes any subsequent improvements to such structures. For floodplain management purposes, “new construction” means structures for which the “start of construction” commenced on or after the effective date of a floodplain management regulation adopted by a community and includes any subsequent improvements to such structures.
(32) “New manufactured home park or subdivision” means a manufactured home park or subdivision for which the construction of facilities for servicing the lots on which the manufactured homes are to be affixed, including at a minimum the installation of utilities, the construction of streets, and either final site grading or the pouring of concrete pads, is completed on or after the effective date of adopted floodplain management regulations.
(33) “Recreational vehicle” means a vehicle:
(a) Built on a single chassis;
(b) Four hundred square feet or less when measured at the largest horizontal projection;
(c) Designed to be self-propelled or permanently towable by a light duty truck; and
(d) Designed primarily not for use as a permanent dwelling but as temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, travel, or seasonal use.
(34) “Start of construction” includes substantial improvement, and means the date the building permit was issued, provided the actual start of construction, repair, reconstruction, placement or other improvement is within 180 days of the permit date. The “actual start” means either the first placement of permanent construction of a structure on a site, such as the pouring of a slab or footings, the installation of piles, the construction of columns or any other work beyond the stage of excavation, or the placement of a manufactured home on a foundation. “Permanent construction” does not include land preparation, such as clearing, grading and filling or the installation of streets and/or walkways or excavation for a basement, footings, piers, or foundations or the erection of temporary forms or the installation on the property of accessory buildings such as garages or sheds not occupied as dwelling units or not part of the main structure. With respect to a substantial improvement, the “actual start” of construction means the first alteration of any wall, ceiling, floor or other structural part of a building, whether or not that alteration affects the external dimensions of the building.
(35) “Structure” means a walled and roofed building permanently constructed in or on the ground, including a gas or liquid storage tank that is principally above ground as well as a manufactured home.
(36) “Substantial damage” means damage of any origin sustained by a structure whereby the cost of restoring the structure to its predamaged condition would equal or exceed 50 percent of the market value of the structure before the damage occurred.
(37) “Substantial improvement” means any reconstruction, rehabilitation, addition, or improvement of a structure, the cost of which equals or exceeds 50 percent of the market value of the structure before the “start of construction” of the improvement. This term includes structures which have incurred “substantial damage,” regardless of the actual repair work performed. The term does not, however, include: (a) any project to improve a structure to correct precited existing violations of State or local health, sanitary, or safety code specifications which have been identified by the local enforcement official and which are the minimum necessary to assure safe living conditions; or (b) any alteration of a “historic structure”; provided, that the alteration will not preclude the structure’s continued designation as a “historic structure.”
(38) “Variance” means a grant of relief from the requirements of this chapter which permits construction in a manner that would otherwise be prohibited by this chapter.
(39) “Violation” means the failure of a structure or other development to be fully compliant with the community’s floodplain management regulations. A structure or other development without the elevation certificate, other certifications, or other evidence of compliance required in this chapter is presumed to be in violation until such time as that documentation is provided.
(40) “Water dependent” means a structure for commerce or industry which is dependent on the water by reason of the intrinsic nature of its operations and cannot exist in any other location.
(41) “Water surface elevation” means the height, in relation to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD) of 1929, or other datum, of floods of various magnitudes and frequencies in the floodplains of coastal or riverine areas.
(42) “Water typing” means a system for classifying water bodies according to their size and fish habitat characteristics. The Washington Department of Natural Resources’ forest practices water typing classification system is hereby adopted by reference. The system defines four water types:
(a) Type “S” = Shoreline: Streams that are designated “shorelines of the State,” including marine shorelines.
(b) Type “F” = Fish: Streams that are known to be used by fish or meet the physical criteria to be potentially used by fish.
(c) Type “Np” = Nonfish perennial streams.
(d) Type “Ns” = Nonfish seasonal streams. (Ord. 12-20 § 2 (Exh. A); Ord. 13-17 § 2; Ord. 06-17 § 3 (Exh. A); Ord. 30-05 § 1; Ord. 23-00 § 1; Ord. 100-98 § 1)


As a construction company or contractor, ensuring the safety of the people working for you and your fleet vehicles should always be paramount.
One aspect of safety often overlooked is having proper vehicle recovery equipment readily available. In this article, we will explore five reasons any contractor or construction company needs recovery equipment as part of their safety gear.
For many construction companies and contractors, working in rough terrain or hazardous conditions is a common occurrence. These environments can pose a significant risk to both workers and vehicles, and the potential for a truck getting stuck or damaged is high. When a vehicle becomes stuck in the snow or mud, it can be easy to damage the vehicle by using a traditional chain or normal rope, which can result in costly repairs or replacements.
This is where having proper recovery equipment is vital. Rhino USA’s Kinetic Recovery Rope and tow strap are two examples of equipment that can be used to safely and efficiently recover stuck vehicles. Kinetic recovery ropes are designed to stretch and recoil, providing kinetic energy to help pull vehicles out of difficult situations much more smoothly and safely than alternatives.
Tow straps are another essential piece of recovery equipment that can be used to recover vehicles safely. They are typically made from webbing material and have a high weight capacity, making them ideal for larger vehicles. Rhino USA's tow straps are designed to be strong and durable, ensuring they can handle the most challenging recovery situations with up to a 40,000+ break strength.
Recovery equipment like the Kinetic recovery rope or tow strap can safely and efficiently recover vehicles without causing severe damage or putting workers at risk. This is because they are designed to distribute the recovery force evenly, effectively reducing the risk of damage to the vehicle being recovered.
A vehicle getting stuck on a work site can cause significant delays and hinder productivity. If workers spend time trying to recover the vehicle without the proper equipment, time and resources are going to be lost. This is why readily available recovery equipment is vital for a whole range of construction projects, across various industries.
Having gear like Rhino USA’s D-ring shackles and traction boards as part of your recovery equipment arsenal means that workers can recover the vehicle quickly and return to work without significant setbacks.
D-Ring shackles can be used to attach straps or ropes to a vehicle. They are designed to handle the weight of heavy vehicles, making them perfect for use on construction sites.
Traction boards are another tool that can improve efficiency. These boards provide traction in slippery or muddy conditions, allowing vehicles to get better grip and maneuverability. Rhino USA’s traction boards are made from a durable nylon material and have a non-slip surface, making them an ideal solution for work sites.
Construction sites are notoriously hazardous environments, and accidents can happen at any time. When a vehicle gets stuck or disabled, it can create an additional hazard on the site, potentially leading to further accidents and injuries. This is where recovery equipment is important.
By having recovery equipment from Rhino USA readily available, workers can recover stuck vehicles safely and without putting themselves or others at risk. The importance of safety cannot be overstated in the construction industry, where even small accidents can have devastating consequences. There are numerous horror stories of chains breaking off hitches and coming through windshields, which is a huge health & safety concern for companies with workers at work sites.
Rhino USA's Survival Shovels are versatile tools that can be used in various ways to enhance safety on the construction site. In addition to their primary use as a digging tool, they can create a path for workers to maneuver safely or clear debris from the site or debris in the path of vehicles. This makes them essential recovery equipment for any construction company or contractor.
Moreover, the Survival Shovels from Rhino USA are made from high-quality materials that are designed to withstand the demands of a construction site. They are lightweight and compact, making them easy to transport and use. They are also highly durable, ensuring they can withstand the wear and tear of regular use.
Investing in property recovery equipment is essential for safety and productivity on a construction site and can save businesses significant amounts of money in the long run.
When a vehicle becomes stuck or damaged on a job site, it can be costly to repair or replace. However, having the necessary recovery equipment to hand can reduce the chance of causing further damage to the vehicle, ultimately saving money in repairs and replacements (and filing insurance claims), and reducing productivity.
For example, using kinetic recovery rope or tow straps to recover a stuck vehicle can prevent damage to the frame, windshield, or suspension of the vehicle, both of which can be expensive to fix. Additionally, traction boards can prevent the tires from spinning, reducing the risk of tire damage or engine failure. Using the right recovery equipment minimizes the likelihood of causing additional damage, ultimately saving money.
In addition, investing in proper recovery equipment can also help construction companies and contractors avoid costly legal disputes. The construction company or contractor may be liable for damages or medical expenses if a worker or third party is injured during a vehicle recovery operation. By having the necessary recovery equipment, workers can recover vehicles safely and without putting themselves or others at risk, reducing the likelihood of accidents and legal disputes.
In many cases, regulatory compliance requires the use of specific safety equipment on construction sites. Recovery equipment is often one of these requirements, and failure to comply can result in significant fines or legal action. Construction companies and contractors can avoid these costly consequences by having the necessary recovery equipment readily available. Rhino USA's Kinetic recovery rope, tow strap, D-ring shackles, and traction boards are all compliant with industry regulations, making them a safe and reliable choice for construction sites.
Having proper recovery equipment is essential for any company or contractor that regularly has vehicles at construction sites. It can prevent damage to vehicles, increase efficiency, improve worker safety, save money, and ensure regulatory compliance. Rhino USA offers a wide range of high-quality recovery equipment that can significantly improve the safety and efficiency of any construction site. Additionally - everything Rhino USA sells is backed by an industry leading lifetime warranty. Invest in the right equipment and ensure the safety of your workers and fleet vehicles today.


Using a dense seismic array in Long Beach, California, we investigate the effectiveness of using traffic noise for passive subsurface imaging. Spectral analysis reveals that traffic-induced vibrations dominate the ambient seismic noise field at frequencies between 3 and 15 Hz. Using the ambient-noise cross-correlation technique at these frequencies, we extract fundamental- and first-order-mode Rayleigh waves generated by Interstate 405 and local roads. We pick group travel times associated with the fundamental mode and use them in a straight-ray tomography procedure to produce group velocity maps at 3.0 Hz and 3.5 Hz. The velocity trends in our results correspond to shallow depths and coincide well with lithologies outlined in a geologic map of the survey area. The most prominent features resolved in our velocity maps are the low velocities to the north corresponding to less-consolidated materials, high velocities to the south corresponding to more-consolidated materials, a low-velocity zone corresponding to artificial fill in Alamitos Bay, and a low-velocity linear feature in the Newport-Inglewood Fault zone. Our resulting near-surface velocities can be useful for identifying regions that are susceptible to serious damage during earthquake-related shaking.
Data courtesy of Signal Hill Petroleum and Nodal Seismic.
Chang, Jason P., Sjoerd AL de Ridder, and Biondo L. Biondi. "High-frequency Rayleigh-wave tomography using traffic noise from Long Beach, California." Geophysics 81.2 (2016): B43-B53.
Society of Exploration Geophysicists 2016 [abstract]
European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 2016 [abstract]
American Geophysical Union 2015 [poster]
Stanford Big Data for Energy and Environment 2014 [poster]


BOTANY COGENERATION PLANT
SUEZ is proposing to build and operate a cogeneration plant to provide steam and electricity to power the Opal Paper and Recycling Mill, located in the existing Botany industrial area.
The plant would convert safe, non-recyclable materials that would otherwise be transported to landfill into energy (electricity and steam) for use in the mill. Once operational, the plant will reduce the mill’s contribution to landfill and reliance on fossil fuel-based electricity and natural gas.
Energy Recovery Technology and Cogeneration
Cogeneration is the production of two forms of energy, generally electrical and thermal.
The proposed fit-for-purpose cogeneration plant at Botany would use safe, non-recyclable materials that would otherwise go to landfill as fuel to create steam and electricity for use in running the recycled paper mill.
In the same way as a boiler works, the fuel would be used to heat water, with the steam produced to turn a turbine and create energy to run the recycled paper mill. This whole process would be completely enclosed internally within the cogeneration plant structure.
The fuel would include materials from the recycled paper-making process on site that simply can’t be recycled further, and some carefully sorted and processed non-recyclable materials from a SUEZ processing centre in Chullora. These materials would otherwise be transported off site to be sent to landfill.
Using non-recyclable materials as fuel is part of the energy recovery process. Energy recovery technology is sustainable, safe, proven and widely-used across Europe and the UK. The technology is also approved for use in Australia.
The proposed Cogeneration Plant would be built entirely on the existing paper mill site, in the place where a disused paper manufacturing facility currently stands, and within the existing industrial area.


Loaders have emerged as essential heavy machinery in various industries across Pakistan, revolutionizing the way tasks such as construction, agriculture, and material handling are accomplished. These versatile machines play a crucial role in increasing efficiency, reducing manual labor, and enhancing productivity. In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the world of loaders, exploring their types, applications, and the transformative impact they have on diverse sectors throughout Pakistan.
Multi-Functional Machinery: Loaders are designed to perform a wide range of tasks, making them indispensable in industries requiring heavy lifting and material handling. From moving construction materials and excavating to snow removal and landscaping, loaders showcase their versatility by adapting to various applications.
Efficiency and Productivity Boost: One of the primary advantages of loaders is their ability to significantly improve efficiency and productivity. These machines can handle heavy loads and execute tasks quickly, reducing the time and manual labor required for tasks that would otherwise be time-consuming and strenuous.
Labor Savings: Loaders have the power to replace multiple laborers in tasks such as digging, lifting, and transporting heavy materials. This not only reduces labor costs but also enhances workplace safety by minimizing exposure to hazardous tasks.
Precision and Accuracy: Modern loaders are equipped with advanced technologies that enhance precision and accuracy. This is particularly crucial in construction and agriculture, where precise movements are essential for optimal results.
Skid Steer Loaders: Skid steer loaders are compact machines with a small turning radius, making them ideal for navigating tight spaces. They are commonly used in construction, landscaping, and agriculture for tasks like excavation, grading, and moving materials.
Wheel Loaders: Wheel loaders are equipped with large wheels and a front-mounted bucket. They excel at moving heavy materials such as soil, gravel, and construction debris. Their versatile nature makes them a staple in construction, mining, and agriculture.
Backhoe Loaders: Backhoe loaders combine the capabilities of a front-end loader and a backhoe. They are commonly used in construction and excavation projects, making them efficient for digging, lifting, and moving materials.
Construction Industry: In Pakistan's rapidly growing construction sector, loaders are indispensable. They play a pivotal role in excavation, earthmoving, and material handling on construction sites, contributing to the timely completion of projects.
Agriculture Sector: Agriculture is a vital industry in Pakistan, and loaders find their place in mechanizing processes such as loading and unloading produce, preparing land, and moving heavy farm equipment.
Logistics and Warehousing: The logistics and warehousing industry relies on loaders for efficient movement of goods and materials within warehouses and distribution centers. Loaders contribute to streamlined operations and reduced turnaround times.
Telematics and GPS Integration: Modern loaders are equipped with telematics systems that provide real-time data on machine performance, fuel consumption, and maintenance needs. GPS integration enhances operational efficiency by enabling remote monitoring and optimization.
Emissions Control: As environmental concerns grow, loader manufacturers are incorporating emissions control technologies to reduce the environmental impact of these machines. Tier 4-compliant engines minimize emissions while maintaining high performance.
Operator Comfort and Safety: Advanced loader designs prioritize operator comfort and safety. Features like ergonomic cabins, noise reduction, and enhanced visibility contribute to a better working environment for operators.
Loaders have emerged as indispensable assets across various industries in Pakistan, facilitating tasks that would otherwise be labor-intensive and time-consuming. From construction and agriculture to logistics and warehousing, these versatile machines have transformed the way tasks are executed, increasing efficiency, productivity, and safety. As technology continues to advance, loaders are becoming more intelligent and environmentally friendly, ensuring they remain key players in Pakistan's industrial landscape. Explore the world of loaders and witness their transformative impact on various sectors, contributing to a more efficient and progressive Pakistan.


Rabine Paving & Roofing Solutions
Paving & Seal Coating
900 National Pkwy
Rabine Paving is a commercial pavement construction and maintenance company dedicated to exceeding industry standards and customer expectations. Rabine Paving provides asphalt paving, concrete paving, milling, sealcoating, pervious pavements and UltraLot Whitetopping.
Roofing Solutions is a commercial roofing maintenance and construction company specializing in all commercial roofs including sustainable, solar, and vegetative. Roofing Solutions services the Midwest and the United States.