The high demand for plastics in recent decades in all sectors, due to the high performance of this material, has led to the production in 2020 of 17.8 tons of packaging waste, according to data from the Plastics, the Facts report 2020 from PlasticEurope. This has led to a reconsideration of the end-of-life management of these materials, 42% of which are currently used for recycling, 39.5% for energy recovery and 18.5% for landfill, according to the same report.
The new legislations that come from the European Union are forcing to achieve increasingly rigorous objectives to avoid that the end of life of plastic is the landfill. Specifically, Directive 2018/852 that modifies Directive 94/62 / EC on packaging and packaging waste, adopts measures to meet new challenges and is aimed at prevention for the most effective measure to reduce resources and of environmental impact.
In more detail, this directive establishes that in 2025 50% of plastic packaging must be recycled and in 2030 55%. These criteria are being incorporated in the different member countries of the European Union through national legislation. Furthermore, the European Union is placing more and more emphasis on the incorporation of the principle of the waste hierarchy and, therefore, on prioritizing in this order in terms of prevention, reuse, recycling and recovery strategies for packaging. Likewise, in Europe, the European Green Deal was approved in 2020, the great green pact that includes the roadmap for the implementation of the circular economy in Europe through 50 specific actions, thus promoting a climate-neutral Europe in 2050 .
At the national level, the appropriate measures have been proposed to achieve the objectives set by Europe, such as the draft law for the Royal Decree on packaging and packaging waste of September 2021, which, following Directive 2018/852, has as an objective prevention as a measure to reduce the generation of packaging waste. This project anticipates points such as the potentialization of the eco-design of packaging and the prevention of waste, the reuse of both domestic and commercial packaging and the marking and information to be given to consumers of recyclable packaging. will achieve progress in the development of new processes and routes for the recovery of waste fractions that are not currently being recycled. Current mechanical recycling systems have limitations. For example, the high degree of contamination of packaging waste – which prevents its reuse for applications in contact with food by some polymers-, or the recovery of packaging with more complex structures, such as those from packaging with a multilayer structure .
With regard to plastics decontamination processes, there has been a great advance in recycling, mainly those intended for high value-added applications such as direct contact with food, such as polyolefins ( PO), mainly PP (polypropylene) and PE (polyethylene), which are used as packaging materials for food. Currently, the processes proposed for recycling polyolefins are based on those developed for PET. Polyolefins have different properties and have poorer barrier properties and greater ease of migration for the absorption of pollutants. In addition, due to the low thermal stability they produce a greater amount of degradation products.
The efficiency of decontamination is demonstrated through challenge tests, where the materials are exposed to known contaminants in the most unfavorable situation that could occur in their useful life. After this process, a recycling process is simulated and then analyzed to demonstrate the efficiency of this decontamination.
The Itene technology center contributes to improving recycling rates through the development of different advanced processes for the recovery of this waste. This is the case of the Recicom-Plasvalor project (2020-2021), in which processes have been developed for the enzymatic degradation of non-recycled packaging plastics and the delamination of multilayer structures through chemical recycling (solvolysis). In addition, through more advanced technologies, different fractions have been decontaminated with green solvents, such as carbon dioxide or other solvents in the vapor phase.
Thanks to this project, financed by the Valencian Institute of Business Competitiveness (Ivace), solutions have been developed that allow recycling companies to implement and scale new routes to recover waste that until now have not been recycled, so that they will be able to exercise a great positive impact on the reduction of the ratios of deposition in landfill.
Another of the great problems of recycling plastics is the great variety of multilayer trays in the food sector, which causes a barrier when it comes to being reintroduced into the value chain, given that both the identification technology and the separation technology their sheets to be recycled separately are not completely efficient.
Multilayer trays are usually made up of layers of material such as PP, PE and PET (polyethylene terephthalate), to which other additional layers are added with barrier properties of other types of polymers PA (polyamide), PVOH (polyvinyl alcohol) to provide protection against different external agents that can cause the deterioration of what they contain, such as oxygen and humidity, controlling the interior atmosphere. In addition, the polymer layers need a bond between them and adhesives are used.


NDM6720 Rhun ap Iorwerth (Ynys Môn)
To propose that the National Assembly for Wales:
1. Notes the proposal for an electric vehicle charging planning Bill.
2. Notes that the purpose of this Bill would be to:
a) introduce planning guidelines for new developments, whether they are public buildings or housing;
b) ensure that new buildings must include charging points for electric vehicles;
c) make it easier for people to use electric vehicles in order to reduce carbon emissions.
Math o fusnes: Dadl
Rheswm dros ei ystyried: Busnes y Cynulliad;
Statws: Wedi’i gwblhau
Cyhoeddwyd gyntaf: 16/05/2018
Angen Penderfyniad: 16 Mai 2018 Yn ôl Y Cyfarfod Llawn


On her trip Friday to Iowa City, 16-year-old Swedish Climate activist Greta Thunberg echoed local organizers’ pointed calls for leadership to embrace climate reform.
Thunberg joined Iowa City Mayor Jim Throgmorton, student organizers Massimo Biggers and Alex Howe and other teenage activists in addressing a crowd of thousands in the city’s Ped Mall. Thunberg tweeted on Wednesday that she would be joining the city’s students for her 59th week of youth-led climate striking.
“This is the real hope — so many people gathering here on a weekday with so little notice. This is real hope to me,” Thunberg said.
Before Thunberg spoke, both local elected officials and the student organizers emphasized the importance of her visit.
“A courageous young Swedish woman whose words and actions have captured the imaginations of millions of people around the world have stimulated students to take part in climate strikes and have encouraged governments to respond to the existential threat of climate change quickly and effectively,” Throgmorton said to welcome Thunberg.
Biggers said that Thunberg inspired him and his fellow local activist’s effort to create change in the city.
“Last year, we launched our climate strike at the local school district building. People dismissed us, laughed at us,” Biggers said. “But I knew we were never alone. Greta Thunberg was striking with us. Greta was always striking. She didn’t stop. It didn’t just inspire us, it emboldened us.”
The Iowa City City Council on Tuesday voted to create an 11-member Climate Action Commission to advise the council regarding environmental issues. Throgmorton said the local student’s climate strikes and efforts encouraged the council’s creation.
But the students are also demanding action from the University of Iowa. In speeches introducing Thunberg, young local activists called for the closure of a coal-burning plant on campus, asking the crowd to chant directly toward University President Bruce Harreld, “President Harreld, no more excuses!”
Last month, Thunberg’s speech at the United Nations Climate Action Summit gained international attention after she accused world leaders of “stealing her dreams.”
Thunberg again criticized world leaders in her Iowa City speech.
“We told world leaders to act on the science, and we demanded a safe future for us and for everyone. But they didn’t listen,” she said.
“As we all know, the UN climate action summit was a failure and that was, unfortunately, what we had expected. To stand and speak the science is still too uncomfortable for them, and that needs to change.”
Thunberg’s trip to Iowa City comes during her tour of North America ahead of a U.N.-sponsored climate conference in Santiago, Chile, in December.
Jason Snell, an organizer with the Sunrise Movement Cedar Rapids said Thunberg’s visit was “totally unexpected.”
“I don’t know how she chose to come to Iowa City,” Snell said. “It’s a huge stamp of approval for what has been done here.”
After Thunberg’s speech, the crowd engaged in an 11-minute silent ‘sit-in’ to demonstrate the severity of climate change. Then she left the mall surrounded by her entourage of local activists.
by Isabella Murray
Photos by Julie Fleming
2 Comments on "Greta Thunberg Rallies Huge Iowa City Crowd For Climate Action"
I sit here at a desk covered with and surrounded by journal articles on climate change, especially in the past thousand years. Climate changes. Sometimes the changes are in more or less regular patterns and sometimes not. What is different now is the amount of influence civilization and population have intensified the natural cycles as devastating as they may have been. Climate change is a very complex matter and I know Thunberg and her disciples do not seem to recognize this. There is an inevitability of change. The intensity, however, is greatly complicated by politics, industry, ignorance, denial, and inertia. How much effect humans have on this change has never been tested or experienced. The immense increases in population over the past few centuries guarantees disaster in many, if not all, parts of the world. Global politics has never before played such an immense role in climate change and yet is seldom mentioned. Global politics, and even internal politics in individual countries, is making this set of changes far worse.


“Have you ever wondered how electricity is generated? Or how to save more on your bill? Join Solar One for a workshop on saving energy at home. During the workshop participants will:
Learn how to conduct an energy audit
Discover methods for making your home energy efficient
Explore various energy efficient lighting technologies
Take home information and resources on Brooklyn-based incentive programs for saving energy
Solar One is a nonprofit environmental and sustainability education organization based in New York City.
Age Group: Adults”
5:30 pm – 7:00 pm
Crown Heights Library
560 New York Ave. at Maple St.
Brooklyn, NY 11225
Information via http://www.bklynlibrary.org/


Electronic Waste (E-Waste) is a term used to cover almost all types of electrical and electronic equipment that has or could enter the waste stream and this specifically includes all those goods, which are being powered by electricity or battery supply. It is also the most rapidly growing segment of municipal solid waste stream.
Electronic waste contains toxics and hazardous materials including mercury, lead, cadmium, beryllium, chromium and chemical flame retardants, which have the potential to leach into soil and water. This can not only prove hazardous to our mankind, but can also prove extremely dangerous to other environmental species such as flora and fauna.
Thus, government organizations all over the world are advising all the electronics users to handle e-waste in a carefully way and better dispose them to e-waste recycling vendors.
By handing the electronics waste to recyclers the following advantages can be gained
Conservation of natural resources can be attained as recycling recovers valuable materials from old electronics that can be used to make new products. As a result, we save a lot of energy, reduce pollution, cut down greenhouse gas emissions, and save resources by extracting fewer raw materials from the earth.
It helps in protecting the environment.
Safe recycling of outdated electronics promotes sound management of toxic chemicals such as lead and mercury.
By donating the used electronics or by passing on ready-to-use or refurbished equipment to those who need it.
Saves landfills and ocean waters- Generally, most of the electronic waste generated goes into the landfills or is thrown into the ocean water. But due to recycling or handing it over to reputed e-waste recycling firms, you conserve the environment. As these firms throw only the non-hazardous waste into permitted landfills & ocean waters and divert the hazardous to permitted landfills, a responsible disposal of e-waste is assured.
Now, if you have grasped the content and are willing to dispose your E-waste in a responsible way, you do not take have to take the help of Yellow Pages and Yelp. DNF Corp Recycling does the recycling & disposal of e-waste in a responsible way.
Dynamic Network Factory (DNF) offers recycling services in and around California. DNF will arrange for pickup and transportation of the equipment to the recycling location and that too for free of cost. However, the services are currently limited to the state of California. If travel is required outside California, please call DNF Corp Recycling services team in advance at 510.342.5884 and ask for details.
Whether it is a home or a company willing to dispose their electronic waste, DNF will perform a detailed inventory and assessment of the equipment and a detailed report will be generated and provided to the consumer at no cost.
Then each unit will be carefully disassembled and parts will be sorted based upon their recyclable properties and whether or not they contain hazardous properties. This process is performed with full compliance from the EPA and the clients of DNF Corp recycling have the option of receiving a full waiver of liability for any and all disposed and recycled products.
The highlight is that if the e-waste is related to PCs and Laptops, the data stored in those PCs will be permanently erased and then the process of recycling will take place then after.
Users will love this feature of DNF Corp Recycling and that is the company offers credit for buying new hardware, if in case, their disposed e-waste like Pcs and Laptops have re-usable components in them. However, the credit amount will be based on certain stipulations and is only applicable to computing e-waste.
So, what are you waiting for?
Call 510.962.5012 or click on DNF Recycling.


The Centre of Advanced Permaculture (CAP) led by Steve Cran, provide a range of essential skills for energetic people of all ages who see the need to stand up and be active in these challenging times.
In this 2-week Residential Course set in Crystal Waters Permaculture Village, you Learn to design and build resilient systems using locally available materials in all-terrains and climate. Steve has extensive experience in practical trainings in Permaculture, so this PDC is comprehensive with lots of hands-on practical. As a participant, you get to experience Permaculture and do organic gardening best practices with like-minded people. This Training is also designed to teach you how to adapt to social and climate change events.
* Covers all essential PDC curriculum Topics
* 50% hands-on real-time skills
* Sustainable livelihoods
* Alternative Building & structures
* Organic Vegetable production
* Soils, Seeds and sustainability
* Soils, Seeds and sustainability
* Design for your own property or for others
* Earth repair and environment regeneration
* Best-practices for climate adaptation & resilience
* We cover humanitarian & disaster response
… and more
This Permaculture “PDC” is also offered as an initial Permaculture Training experience for people wishing to advance their knowledge and abilities as a Permaculture teacher and field Trainer, into a 10-week Residential Programme. If you choose, you can integrate this PDC into the Full Program which is run here at CAP in Crystal Waters Permaculture Village. Discuss details with Steve.
The Centre of Advanced Permaculture has a mission to train new effective Permaculture teachers and project managers to a high standard. These trainers and project managers will seed further permaculture field schools and other CAP’s around the world and link them with the central CAP. Currently, there are very few dedicated permaculture schools offering this level of training for permaculture trainers as a career path.
“The only future for the human race is a sustainable one, so let’s make it so!”
Founder of CAP (Centre of Advanced Permaculture):
Permaculture aid specialist, permaculture consultant, teacher, and climate adaptation specialist
Steve Cran is a Permaculture Aid veteran, teacher, social activist, climate change resilience specialist and a very handy guy to have around after a natural disaster. With a 30+-year career in Permaculture, Steve has developed effective, sustainable, recovery solutions for communities affected by natural disasters, war, or long-term poverty.
He was an early resident of Crystal Waters in the 90’s then has travelled and taught Permaculture extensively Internationally. In 2019 Steve returned to Crystal Waters to develop a Permaculture School and Gardens to exhibit what’s possible and to help stimulate the expansion of Permaculture in the Crystal Waters EcoVillage over the next several years.
Steve takes on the challenge of assisting people from all backgrounds and all types of lifestyles, to rebuild their resilience and sustainability knowledge so that those students can take their experience back into their own communities. Steve has developed projects in war zones, post disaster zones, poverty zones and in many difficult areas on this troubled planet where most people would not dare go. Here in Australia with both Locals and travellers – Steve now aims to show people how to use Permaculture strategies to develop places and Centres all around Australia as examples of what people can do in their own lives when given the knowledge and experiences such as what is taught in the Permaculture Design Course (PDC).
The 2-week Residential Course is now Open for a limited number of participants in the 2021 New Year
this course has now completed!
Price: $1850 paid by February 6 (Couples: $3,000). $1,950 after February 6, 2021.
All Meals/Food is provided during the Course, with Camping & Accommodation nearby.
The location of the Course will mainly be on the Crystal Waters CAP Campus at upper Lot 1 above the roundabout near the Village Green at Crystal Waters EcoVillage in SE Queensland.
View Location and other details about Crystal Waters at www.crystalwaters.org.au
About Crystal Waters Permaculture Village
GATHERING OF CRYSTAL WATERS FOLK
Crystal Waters Permaculture Village was established at the headwaters of the Mary River in the Sunshine Coast Hinterland in 1988. Around 250 people live on 84 residential lots within the 650 acre property.


Booth：E1J07 | 8-10 April，Beijing，The Eden Team is Here Waiting for You！
Flowers are delicate, short in shelf life, easy to rot and have strict requirements for its storage temperature and humidity. Therefore, it is particularly important to have professional fresh-keeping cold rooms for flowers.
Keeping flowers in the low temperature not only delays its withering process, avoiding discoloration, deformation, and the growth of germs but also increases its vase life and ensures the overall quality. The suitable storage period and temperature for different kinds of flowers varies. The storage temperature of ordinary flowers in cold room is around 5°C, while certain tropical flowers need 10°C ~ 12°C; certain cold flowers need to be refrigerated at -5°C and the relative humidity is around 60% ~ 85%.
I Key Points for Flower Preservation in Cold rooms
Firstly, flowers need to be precooled before storing in fresh-keeping cold room. The most suitable stage for harvesting flowers is the budding stage. After harvesting, the respiration of the plant will accelerate due to the separation from the original growing environment, resulting in releasing large amount of heat. This heat is called "field heat", which is extremely unfavourable to the storage and transportation of flowers. Therefore, it is important to finish the pre-cooling and cooling work as soon as possible after harvesting. There are generally two ways to precool flowers: vacuum precooling and compression precooling. After pre-cooling treatment, flowers can be stored in the special fresh-keeping cold room for preservation.
Eden Refrigeration Solution
Based on the cold room design of Kunming Leng Lian Refrigeration Engineering Co., Ltd., Eden Refrigeration equipped 3 functional fresh-keeping cold rooms with multiple sets of Eden G5 dual throw unit coolers and Eden G5 medium profile unit coolers to create a suitable cold room environment for flowers. (After harvesting the flowers for storage, refrigeration must be running throughout the whole supply chain. If the temperature of cooled flowers gets warmer, the flowers will coagulate, and condensate water will easily lead to fungi and bacteria breeding in the flowers, causing mildew, thus reducing the quality of flowers)
Secondly, the cold room shall be set at an appropriate temperature based on the type of flowers and the airflow from the unit cooler shall be gentle. In the process of sorting and packing flowers in the flower-wrapping workshop, not only the temperature characteristics of flowers shall be considered, but also a comfortable and conducive working environment. Eden G5 dual throw unit cooler adopts unique circulation technology to achieve the even distribution of air flow in the cold room and the temperature stably maintained at 15°C ~ 18°C; its leading low-noise processing technology and the advantages of stable airflow on both sides can effectively avoid congelation caused by the direct blowing of cold air and effectively reduce the noise generated during the operation of refrigeration equipment. Therefore, providing a comfortable working environment for the personnel in the processing room.
Finally, the efficient and energy-saving operation of the cold storage can achieve good economic benefits. Eden Refrigeration installed different models of G5 series medium profile unit coolers for flower bud storerooms and bouquet storerooms, based on the accurate control of the temperature and humidity storage environment of flowers set by Kunming Leng Lian. Eden G5 series medium profile unit cooler has the characteristics of "small size and low energy consumption"; its smart circuitry enables the maximum flow of refrigerant to be evenly distributed in the unit cooler, making the compact unit cooler to gain higher heat exchange efficiency and significantly lower energy consumption. As a result, space utilisation rate of cold storage is optimised for the fresh flower to the greatest extent and reducing the operating cost.


This bag is made from a combination of recycled cotton and waxed canvas; it is vegan and 92% biodegradable (Cora + Spink are working on the other 8%). Made with the assistance of co-operatives in India, who directly support communities with good wages, freedom from exploitation, and schemes to promote business growth.
Your bag can be wiped down with a damp cloth and allowed to dry naturally. A more rugged approach is to take a natural bristle brusg, and clean with soap and water. Try not to submerge the entire pack in water. Always allow the bag to dry slowly.
With time, the natural canvas will change colour developing a unique patina, the more use the more distinguished your backpack will become.
A wax past can be applied to increase the waterproof qualities of the bag.
We recomment Cora + Spink wax products.


Earth Day Poetry Competition for Youth & Adults – Deadline is March 22
Why Earth Day is Still Important
The City of Winter Garden is pleased to announce an Earth Day Poetry Competition, Why Earth Day is Still Important. The competition is intended to highlight the importance of protecting our natural resources and how this can be accomplished by ordinary people, every day.
The Earth Day Poetry Competition is open to all ages. Submissions will be broken into four categories: Elementary School, Middle School, High School, and Adult.
On Earth Day, April 22, 2024, one winner will be selected of each category and awarded a $100 Visa Gift Card. In addition, the winning poems will be temporarily posted on the City of Winter Garden website.
The deadline to enter is 5:00 pm on March 22, 2024.
Click here for entry form and poem requirements.
For more information, call 407.877.5193 or email email@example.com.


Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES)
ICP-OES is another technique for measuring trace metals in liquid solutions. Similar to HR-ICP-MS, the liquid sample is sprayed into an argon plasma where the dissolved metals are excited to emit their characteristic ultraviolet and visible radiation. The radiation is dispersed by a grating monochrometer and detected with photomultiplier tubes. Radiation wavelength is used to identify the element and radiation intensity is used to determine its concentration. ICP-OES measures elements in the concentration range of 1ppb (part-per-billion) to 1000ppm (parts-per-million) or more. It is a particularly useful technique for measuring samples with high dissolved solids (e.g., slurries and etchants) and samples containing both high and low concentration elements in the same solution (e.g., waste streams, raw water, RO concentrates, etc).
• Varian Liberty Series II


Microplastics – tiny pieces of plastic less than 5 mm in length– are now found everywhere on the planet. They are in the air, in the water and even in the soil of our farmlands, transported there as fertiliser from water treatment plants. There’s hardly a place on Earth untouched by these microscopic particles, which are shed from the vast array of plastic items used in societies worldwide, including food packaging, car tires, water bottles, textiles… the list goes on.
For years, Take 3 for the Sea has been raising the alarm about the harm microplastics can do to marine wildlife, and we are all familiar with the heartbreaking photos of dead seabirds and turtles, killed after mistakenly ingesting tiny pieces of plastic that block their intestines resulting in a slow death by starvation. Yet, while the impacts on marine life have been extensively documented, less attention has been paid to the potential consequences for human health. It is thought microplastics can cause harm to the human body in two main ways – mechanically, by blocking our respiratory, circulatory or digestive systems, or chemically, by disrupting the normal workings of the body’s systems, such as the endocrine or reproductive systems. Both microplastics and nanoplastics (size) have been found in the human body, in the blood and even in placentas but little is known about their impact on human health. But perhaps that is about to change.
A new study published by the New England Journal of Medicine has, for the first time, demonstrated a link between microplastics and human health. According to Nature, the study examined 250 people undergoing surgery and found that nearly 60% had microplastics or nanoplastics in a main artery. Those who did were 4.5 times more likely to experience a heart attack, a stroke or death in the three years after surgery than were those whose arteries were plastic-free.
While this sounds unequivocal, the study’s authors are advising caution, emphasising the absence of a causal link between the microplastics and the adverse health outcomes. It’s possible that other factors, such as socio-economic status, could be causing ill-health rather than the plastics themselves. That is, the presence of microplastics in the arteries could be a symptom rather than a cause. Nonetheless, this study serves as a catalyst for further research to corroborate the findings and further explore the degree of risk that micro- and nanoplastics pose.
What Can I Do?
The presence of microplastics in our environment underscores the unintended consequences of decades of overconsumption and mismanagement of plastic. As a systemic, global issue, individual efforts to mitigate the impact of microplastics may seem futile. Yet, reducing our plastic footprint remains a vital step towards addressing this challenge. The less plastic we consume, the fewer microplastics will end up in the environment, safeguarding both environmental and human health.
As stewards of our planet, it’s incumbent upon each of us to reduce our plastic footprint. If we all opt for reusable alternatives such as keep cups and paper straws and support plastic-free initiatives, we can collectively reduce the proliferation of microplastics in the environment.


Will colored urban forest mulch hurt my sensitive plants?
No. Urban forest mulch will actually help plants grow by retarding weed growth, maintaining soil temperature, retaining moisture in the soil and decomposing to provide nutrients back to the soil. The dyes used in the production of colored urban forest mulch are FDA approved for food contact and have been certified by third-party laboratories as being non-harmful to plants and shrubbery.
Is colored urban forest mulch made from contaminated wood that can be harmful?
No. Colored mulch is made from clean, dry hardwoods and softwoods. This mulch has been laboratory tested for safety, and over one million cubic yards are sold each year with no safety issues. This type of mulch has a proven track record over the last 10 years with no such problems.
Will the colors wash off and stain my concrete?
No. Once the color is dry, it is on the mulch permanently. It will not wash off or leach onto other things.
Does heavy wood mulch last longer?
Yes. Bigger pieces of dry wood take longer to break down than smaller wet pieces and therefore require less frequent re-mulchings.
How long will colored urban forest mulch maintain its color?
Colored urban forest mulch will typically maintain its color for more than one year.
How often is re-mulching required?
Raking the urban forest mulch at four- to six-month intervals will rejuvenate the beds and allow for additional aeration to plant roots. After about one year, rake the bed and top dress with one inch of new mulch to replace mulch that has decomposed.
Everyone uses pine bark why would I want to switch?
Pine bark comes from the outside of the tree where insects and bacteria live and breed. Colored urban forest mulch comes from the center of the tree and has been dried out, resulting in a more solid product which decomposes slower (less nitrogen draw) and lasts longer (less frequent mulch additions). Also, we have all seen bark mulch that has turned gray after only a few weeks of exposure to the harsh summer sun. The dyes used in making colored mulch will remain for six months to one year with only marginal fading. Simply put, compared to bark mulch, you get all the advantages in a cost-competitive product which will last longer without re-mulching and look great year-round.
Will this urban forest mulch float away?
No. Colored urban forest mulch is made primarily from hardwoods, which are heavier and more dense than other woods. This helps the mulch stay where you put it. Given enough water velocity, you will see movement in any type of mulch; however, the solid heavy pieces of colored urban forest mulch do not have air pockets like the bark mulches and therefore will not “float” away. If you are seeing movement in your flower beds, make sure you are using a small concrete splash guard under your gutter downspouts. These are available at Home Depot or Lowe’s and will help the problem a great deal.
Is cypress mulch the best you can buy?
No. Cypress mulch is a high-quality mulch, especially when compared to pine bark; however, cypress mulch will not hold its color for nearly as long as recycled colored urban forest mulch. In fact, it will turn silver while the colored mulch has only marginal fading at all. Also, take a piece of cypress mulch and bend it. You simply can’t do that with colored mulch it is hard and dry. This means colored mulch will last longer with less frequent re-mulchings. Finally, we are all concerned about our environment. Did you know that cypress mulch comes primarily from the Florida cypress tree? Did you know that cypress harvesters are coming under fire for recklessly clear-cutting cypress in order to fill the demand for mulch? Did you know that serious environmental damage is being done because of changes to vegetation, water runoff, soil erosion and wildlife habitat? How do you become part of the solution? By purchasing a 100-percent recycled product, you not only save precious space in our landfills, you also save trees from being cut down. This is what recycling is all about.
Are rock coverings a better groundcover?
No. Lava rock, pea gravel and cracked granite will not decompose. While this is good because you won’t ever have to add more rock, it is bad because you are not returning any nutrients into the soil through the natural decomposition process. Also, rock will not insulate the soil as well as mulch because rock absorbs much more heat, a serious concern during hot Texas summers. Finally, rock ground coverings cost three to six times as much money per cubic yard.
How much urban forest mulch do I need?
In order to get the advantages of urban forest mulch, you will need to apply it three inches deep. A simple formula is to take the length times the width of the area to be mulched and divide that by 100. This will give you the number of cubic yards needed to properly mulch the area desired. For instance, a 5’ x 30’ flower bed will need 5 times 30 = 150 divided by 100 = 1.5 cubic yards. Hard clay-type soils require slightly less mulch while sandy, loose soils require more. Another trick is to build up mulch bedding around trees even six or eight inches. While there is no soil benefit, the larger mounds of color will explode against your yard, giving a great look.
Will wooden mulch used near the home attract termites?
No. Termites are much more interested in the large solid pieces of wood your house is made of. They are not as attracted to the small shredded pieces of material that make up urban forest mulch; however, it is always good practice to treat the exterior foundation of the house with a chemical such as Dursban or Diazinon.
If I use mulch, will mushrooms grow in my flower beds?
Yes and no. Bark mulches are made from the exterior portion of the tree where bacteria, fungus and spores are prevalent. These mulches combined with a moist, warm environment can create good conditions for mushroom or bacteria growth. Colored urban forest mulch is made from the heart of the tree and has been thoroughly dried out. This removes the bacteria, fungus and spores, which can be a problem.
What do the experts say about colored urban forest mulch?
“Compared to bark mulch, colored mulch provided a more consistent weed control... Seasonal growth of annuals, perennials and shrubs mulched with colored mulch was greater than that mulched with bark...” Elton M. Smith, Professor Emeritus, Department of Horticulture, Ohio State University
“In addition to passing the Toxic Character Leaching Procedure test, this material is not a solid waste, not regulated as a waste by the EPA, and therefore not limited in its use for land application...” Thomas J. Monito, Regulatory Compliance Manager, Envisage Environmental Inc.
“There are no known instances of termites or other wood-destroying insects infesting (your) wood mulch... they would only be found in wood that is intact, not ground up... (your) mulch just doesn’t meet their needs...” Gary W. Bennett, Professor, Department of Entomology, Purdue University


A road trip all around Iceland turned out to be an adventure of a lifetime. Probably the most scenic road trip I've done and experienced so much beauty this country has to offer. Driving the Ring road past numerous waterfalls, geysers, natural lagoons, blue icebergs, glaciers, rivers, bubbling geothermal springs, sparkling rainbows, black lava beaches, volcanic craters, the magical Northern Lights - some amazing natural wonders all around. The scenery would change drastically after just half a day of driving - from towering mountains with a massive sun shining behind, stone cliffs, the East Fjords, countryside with tons of horses, from driving to what felt like heaven - heavy snow covering all roads and mountains, so white that it felt magical. Saw so many different kinds of waterfalls including: Gulfoss, Seljalandsfoss, Foss a Sidu, Dettifoss, and my favorite - Goðafoss. Some lovely towns along the way, sometimes so quiet that it felt like we were the only humans there. At least in March..
You never know what weather Iceland will have instore for you either. Went from some amazingly gorgeous sunny days to a couple days where some drastic weather became quite challenging. Walked in a massive hail storm for a couple miles, we had to stop and cover our faces. Also experienced driving in a snow blizzard once we reached Northern Iceland. Became a bit dangerous up there that we had to turn back and save ourselves since we could barely even see the road. Stopped by a couple beaches where the waves were so dramatic - crashing like a beast - never seen anything like it! Black Sand Beach in Vik is just stunning.
One of my favorite parts was experiencing the Northern Lights a couple times which I have wanted to see all my life. Something I will never forget and can't describe. Also exploring the icebergs on the beach while the ocean chased us. It was funny seeing everyone trying to climb an iceberg before the ocean crashed in. Such a great experience! The icebergs were so big, blue and shiny - I was in awe at the texture. Walking on part of the largest Ice cap in Iceland was incredible. Jökulsárlón in Vatnajökull National Park offers some incredible hikes and activities. You really get the full experience.


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Helicopter deer survey postponed
The helicopter survey of the white-tailed deer population at the laboratory and in the surrounding forest preserve has been postponed until the week of Jan. 28, 2019.
The United States Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Energy have been working cooperatively for years to manage the deer populations on site.
The helicopter will stay at least 500 feet from buildings, and will vary in altitude from 500 feet down to treetop level. Total time for the survey will be about 45 minutes.


This week I was talking about open data at the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, together with several others from the Appsterdam community. In the process, I found myself needing some realtime very basic weather data: what is the current wind direction in the Netherlands, and what is the current wind speed?
This data is collected and published by the KNMI for 36 places in the Netherlands. However, to my surprise, there is no structured format available. All they have is an HTML table. So despite thousands of open datasets having been published in the Netherlands, there is no structured way to find the current temperature on Texel.
I found this so incredibly ridiculous, that I went ahead and built it myself: the WeerAPI. It scrapes the KNMI website and has a single call for now, for the current conditions at 36 measuring stations. I enrich the data with the wind direction in degrees, wind speed in Beaufort and a very rough geographical location of the measurement stations. It’s free to use and open source, but you’ll have to credit the KNMI if you use the data. Updates come in every 10 minutes.


U.S. Customs and Border Protection has published guidelines for how importers and carriers may mitigate penalties for violations of wood packaging materials regulations.
CBP enforces wood packaging materials regulations on behalf of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Untreated wood packaging, such as pallets and dunnage, may carry wood-boring insects that have the potential to destroy the nation’s timberlands.
CBP officers at the ports of entry look for unmarked or inappropriately marked wood packaging materials, as well as signs of infestation, among inbound cargo shipments. The penalty amounts for these violations are generally based on the value of the goods shipped with the wood packaging.
At its discretion, CBP will mitigate penalties for up to three violations of the wood packaging regulations. The first violation may be mitigated to an amount between 1 and 10% of the value of the assessed penalty, while the second violation may be mitigated to 10 to 25% and the third violation by no lower than 25%.
In general, a claim for liquidated damages involving wood packaging may be canceled at an amount between $500 and $5,000, depending on the circumstances of violation, the agency said.
Some of the mitigating factors that CBP will take into account include “clear documentary evidence” from the importer or carrier that the wood packaging violations were remedied, if a small percentage of the shipment involved noncompliant wood packaging, an established record of compliance or “a violator’s lack of importing experience.”
CBP may deny mitigation of penalties to those importers or carriers that fail to cooperate with CBP and USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, falsely mark wood packaging material and documentation, attempt to hide the wood packaging violation and fail to take immediate action to prevent further violations.
The agency began assessing penalties against importers and carriers with improperly treated or marked wood packaging materials on Nov. 1, 2017.
Since September 2005, nonexempt wood packaging material imported into the U.S. has required treatment at approved origin facilities to kill any potential timber pests. The treated material must include a visible mark that satisfies the International Plant Protection Convention’s International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM 15). Without this mark, the wood packaging material is deemed “untreated.”
Enforcement of ISPM 15 by the U.S. has been credited with stopping further infestations of invasive timber pests, which can cause billions of dollars in losses to the nation’s lumber, fruit and nut industries, as well as cause destruction to national park lands.
Before implementation of ISPM 15, several high-profile invasive pests garnered national attention and led to the international consensus for the regulations. These included outbreaks in the U.S. during the 1990s of the Asian longhorned beetle and emerald ash borer, both of which were believed to be introduced through untreated wood packaging materials.
Photo: CBP Agriculture Specialist John Taylor inspects wood packaging material for the presence of live wood-boring insect larvae. [Photo Credit: U.S. Customs and Border Protection]
Fuente: American Shipper


It is that time of year again when we say goodbye to native oysters until the end of September. After all, it is these oysters that the 'R' in the month saying refers to.
Why do we stop dredging native oysters in the summer?
The native oyster is both male and female and changes from one to the other during the warmer months. When the oyster spatting season approaches, which is now, the oyster is male and discharges seed into the water where it floats about until it gets drawn back into the oyster. Oysters are filter feeders and get their nutrients from the water, it's through this same process that the seed comes back into the oyster where it meets the eggs which are attached to the gills.
When the eggs are first seen attached to the gills they are white and are said to be 'white sick' and this is when we stop dredging the oysters. This doesn't happen at the same time every year, it depends greatly on the temperature of the water. Oysters can spat more than once during the summer, which is why we leave them alone so they can breed and nature can restock our oyster beds.
What happens to the baby oysters - the oyster spat?
After a time, inside the oyster, these eggs grow and ripen getting their shells formed and hardened and are said to be 'black sick'. Once the little oysters are ready the oyster discharges the spat into the water, much like a puff of smoke.
The little oysters, called spat, then float about until they find something hard on the seabed to fix onto where they will lay for the next five years until they are ready to dredge. To encourage the spat to settle where we can find them, we lay crushed cockle and oyster shells on to our oyster beds to give the spat something to grab hold of as our beds are mostly made up of a solid black mud.
It's not an easy life for the small oyster spat, any cold snaps can kill off the oyster spat, plus they are a favourite food for crabs and starfish, both which reside in our river. It is a good job that each oyster discharges over a million of these tiny oysters each time they spat.


Plantaginaceae (Plantain Family)
Semi-desert, foothills. Shrublands, woodlands. Spring.
Early spring walkers will find this delightful plant under and near Junipers. The flowers are typical of the hooded and beaked flowers of the Pedicularis genus and those pictured are an inch long. Flowers can grow up to 2 inches long. Flowers fade in a few weeks, the leaves rapidly grow much longer, and the entire plant dries and is gone by early summer. Leaves shown are about three inches long and have the typical purple cast to them.
"Centranthera" refers, according to William A. Weber, to the "pointed" (Greek "centrum") and spurred "anthers".
John Bigelow first collected this plant in New Mexico in the 1850s; Asa Gray named and described it in 1858.


7 Reasons Why Hawaiian Cacao Makes the Ultimate Chocolate Bar
Introduction to Hawaiian Cacao
Hawaii, the island of lush landscapes and enchanting culture, is home to an extraordinary variety of cacao known as the, you guessed it, Hawaiian cacao! Renowned for its rich taste profile, Hawaiian cacao is a revered name in the chocolate bar industry.
The tropical paradise of Hawaii is blessed with abundant sunshine and nutrient-rich volcanic soil, which in turn births trees that yield delicious cacao beans!
At Kona Gold, we’re passionate cultivators of this gem, and in this article, we explore Hawaiian cacao and its nutritional benefits. We also take a close look at some sustainable farming practices we utilize to ensure that our farms not only contribute positively to the environment but also support the locals in Hawaii!
Hawaiian Cacao's Exquisite Taste and Rich Flavor Profile
If you’ve ever had a taste of Hawaiian cacao, you'd definitely agree that it’s an experience like no other.
The special soil in Hawaii, full of good stuff for plants, helps the cacao beans develop a deep and rich flavor. This makes the chocolate not just yummy but also a taste of what makes Hawaii special.
But it’s not just the unique taste that makes Hawaiian cacao stand out; it’s also a mixture of flavors - you get a whole bunch of them all together. You’ll experience nice fruity and nutty flavors that make you think of fresh tropical fruits, a true symbol of Hawaiian pride!
Sustainable Farming Practices
At Kano, sustainability isn’t just a practice; it’s a philosophy woven into every aspect of our Hawaiian cacao cultivation. In this section, we will take a look at some sustainable farming techniques we practice.
Regenerative Agriculture and Nurturing Ecosystems
Regenerative Agriculture is all about nurturing the earth and prioritizing soil health by using natural compost and cover crops to enrich the land. We believe that what is taken from Mother Earth should be given back in equal measure.
This philosophy guides our approach at Kano Gold, where we focus on replenishing and revitalizing the soil. By combining varieties of plant species, we create a thriving ecosystem where biodiversity blooms alongside our cacao trees, creating a more sustainable and vibrant environment.
Preserving Purity and Integrity
Keeping our Hawaiian cacao pure and true to its roots is something we take very seriously. That's why getting organic certification means a lot to us. It's not just a fancy label; it's our way of showing that we're dedicated to looking after the environment and making sure our customers get the best, most natural product.
By being certified organic, we're making a promise to do things right. We avoid using any harmful chemicals or practices that could hurt the land or the quality of our cacao.
This way, we make sure that what you get is not just good cacao chocolate but also a product that's made with care for the earth.
Community Engagement and Empowering Local Farmers
We're really big on working together with the local community. It's not just about growing cacao sustainably; it's also about boosting the local economy.
When we team up with people in the community, we help support farming methods that are good for the environment and good for the people who live here, too.
Our partnership with local artisans is super important. They have amazing skills and crafts that have been passed down for generations.
Working with them helps keep these precious techniques alive. It's our way of making sure the tradition of Hawaiian cacao doesn't just survive but really thrives.
Unique Terroir and its Influence on Cacao's Distinct Characteristics
The term "terroir" refers to how a place's climate, soil, and overall environment affect the taste of what's grown there.
So, how does Hawaii's weather impact its chocolate? Well, Hawaii's weather comes with lots of sunshine and tropical rain, plus the rich volcanic soil, it's like the ideal spot for these trees to thrive.
The volcanic soil imparts unique minerals to the cacao, resulting in subtle earthy undertones. The combination of warm days and cool nights in Hawaii allows cacao pods to develop their full flavor, resulting in a mixture of flavors.
The Tradition and Cultural Heritage of Hawaiian Cacao
This philosophy extends through every aspect of the cacao's journey, from planting to harvesting, ensuring that the final product is not just a chocolate bar, but a piece of Hawaiian soul and history.
Each bite of Hawaiian chocolate is a celebration of the island's unique environment and the deep-rooted values that have nurtured and preserved this tradition.
Elevating Chocolate Making
Wondering how our chocolate is made? Well, it's simple yet special. Making Hawaiian chocolate is really all about skill and care at every step. First, we hand-pick our cacao beans, making sure they're just right and full of sunshine.
Then, we roast them to bring out all their flavors. After that, our expert chocolatiers mix the roasted beans with special ingredients to create different kinds of chocolate bars.
Want to see how great this process is? Try our cacao chocolate bars. You'll get to enjoy the real deal, from bean to bar, with our Kona Gold chocolates.
3 Nutritional Advantages of Hawaiian Cacao
Hawaiian cacao isn’t just delicious; it’s a nutritional powerhouse! In this section, we discover the potential health benefits for consumers.
Antioxidants act like shields for your cells, defending them against damage from oxidative stress. Hawaiian cacao is abundant in antioxidants like flavonoids and polyphenols, which contribute to cellular health.
Flavonoids in cacao have been linked to improved heart health by supporting cardiovascular actions and reducing inflammation. Aside from Chocolate, another source of antioxidants is Coffee. And not just any Coffee, we’re talking about Kona Coffee.
Kona Coffee, a unique variety grown in Hawaii, is also rich in antioxidants. Just like Hawaiian cacao, Kona Coffee offers a wealth of health benefits thanks to its high antioxidant content.
Enhancing Nutritional Intake
Magnesium, abundant in cacao, plays a role in muscle and nerve function, heart health, and energy production.
Iron, another essential mineral, supports oxygen transport in the blood, combating fatigue.
Magnesium supports muscle relaxation, which alleviates cramps and muscle tension. Iron prevents anemia, a condition characterized by fatigue and weakness.
Phytonutrients and Health Benefits
Phytonutrients are known to support cardiovascular health by promoting healthy blood pressure and aiding in blood vessel function.
Moreover, they can enhance mood by influencing neurotransmitters in the brain, potentially contributing to feelings of well-being and positivity.
Community Impact and Supporting Local Economies
In this section, we will explore the role of cacao farming in Hawaiian communities, driving sustainable development through local support.
Economic Empowerment and Fostering Local Prosperity
The income generated from cacao farming sustains communities, providing employment opportunities and fostering prosperity.
In regions like the Big Island of Hawaii, cacao farming is a significant economic driver.
Local farmers, processors, and chocolatiers aren’t just creating delicious cacao chocolate; they’re crafting sustainable livelihoods and securing the future of their communities.
Cultural Preservation and Honoring Hawaiian Heritage
Indigenous communities in Hawaii have a deep connection to cacao, where it’s not just an ingredient but a part of their heritage.
Traditional practices of cacao cultivation and processing have been passed down through generations, keeping cultural rituals alive.
Promoting Community Well-Being
Initiatives like financial support, education, and healthcare access ensure the well-being of these vital community members.
Some programs offer training in sustainable farming practices, empowering farmers to enhance their yields while preserving the environment.
Others provide healthcare services, ensuring the health and happiness of the farming families.
In conclusion, Hawaiian cacao is more than an ingredient for chocolate; it's an integral part of the islands' rich narrative.
It carries the flavors of Hawaii, the traditions of its people, and the commitment to sustainability.
By choosing Hawaiian chocolate, you’re not only treating yourself to a delectable experience but also becoming a part of this intricate narrative. Embrace the richness of Hawaii’s flavors at Kona Gold.


|Name:||Kaisosi River Lodge|
|Phone:||+264 (0)81 249|
|Address:||situated 7 km East of Rundu|
Kaisosi River Lodge is situated 7 km East of Rundu, in the North East of Namibia on the banks of the perennial Kavango River, en route to Divundu and Katima Mulilo. This peaceful oasis, which can be reached in a normal sedan vehicle, is an ideal place for nature lovers and bird watchers.


Caraway pertains to aromatic plants grown for years in relatively large areas and its field production is often concentrated within specific particular regions. Under such circumstances this crop is more frequently attacked by pests and diseases than other medicinal plants. Pests are the major threat to caraway, especially if not controlled, they can cause a total loss of fruit yield.
Deppresaria nervosa Hav. appears to be the most serious pest. Adults overwinter under tree bark, in straw left in the field, in sheds etc. In the second year of caraway vegetation the females deposit eggs into leaf folds. An emerged caterpillar, which first is of light then dark-grey colour with a visible row of black mamillae with a white border, finally turns black. Initially, caterpillars feed on the leaves, then as the plant grows, they get into umbels covering them with web, destroying the flowers and newly formed fruits. When their feeding is over, at the beginning of fruit ripening, caterpillars move down the plant and gnaw into the stem for pupation. More than ten pupae may be found within a single stem. Adults appear after 3–4 weeks in July and some time later they seek for overwintering shelters (). This is a common pest, especially in the regions of caraway intensive cultivation. Its mass appearance could be avoided by an adequate crop rotation with a limited participation of caraway. However, protection against this pest is mainly based on chemical control. The main spraying should be performed in spring of the second growing season, upon monitoring conducted over the initial period of adults’ appearance. During their mass flight the treatment should be repeated at least 3–4 days prior to flowering. If the pest is abundant during flowering, its chemical control can be carried out only in the evenings for bee prevention. At initial infestation by young larvae, caraway can be treated with biological formulations (e.g. Dipel 3.2 WP, Bactospeine PM 6000, Bacilan). Chemical control against this species, as against other pests and diseases, should be conducted upon the actual recommendations established in particular countries.
Another serious pest of caraway crop is Aceria carvi Nal., invisible by the naked eye. Adult mites overwinter within caraway leaf rosettes and in March they start feeding. In April the females deposit eggs on the surface of leaf blades or at their base. The nymphs which hatch from eggs, after two weeks transform into adults. Several generations may develop during the growing season. In September the mites move towards overwintering shelters. Caraway is attacked by this pest in both years of vegetation. Heavily infested rosette leaves turn curly and malformed, then even wilt. In the second year the mites feed both on leaves and flowers. Infested foliage is covered with light spots, whereas the flowers become malformed, changing colour to pink, lilac or greenish. Their stamens and pistils are shapeless, resembling the petals. The mites develop within receptacle, thus the flowers degenerate. In consequence, the fruits may not set, but if so, they are minute and malformed. In the regions where this mite is abundant chemical control should be carried out. In the first growing season a double spray (in summer and early autumn) is required, whereas next year at least one treatment should be performed at the beginning of vegetation ().
Caraway crops are often infested with aphids. Leaves, shoots and umbels are usually populated by two: willow-carrot aphid (Cavariella aegopodii Scop.) and hawthorn-carrot aphid (Dysaphis crategi Kalt.). Also, root aphids, attacking most umbelliferous plants, can feed on caraway underground organs.
Chemical control should be conducted when the first aphid colonies appear on the crop. In the case of heavy infestation, the treatment should be repeatedly performed roughly at 10-day intervals. Some of insecticides recommended against Depresaria nervosa caterpillars can also effectively suppress aphid populations ().
Likewise other umbelliferous plants, caraway can be attacked by capsids, especially Lygus campestris L. and Lygus kalmi L. Damage is caused by both larvae and adults. Heavily infested plants turn yellow, then brown and finally dry up. Apart of direst harmless, capsids are known as carriers of various diseases. Chemical treatments against these pests are similar to those controlling the aphids.
Caraway crops can be also considerably affected by polyphagous pests such as grubs (Melolonthidae) and wireworm (Elateridae). If abundant, these pests should be eliminated with insecticides mixed with the soil in the year preceding a setting up of a plantation. Occasionally, caraway crop can be also invaded by rodents, particularly the vole (Microtus arvalis Pall.), field mouse (Apodemus agrarius Pall.) and wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus L.). All these pests gnaw the young plants and devour the roots during caraway winter dormancy. Rodents are difficult to be controlled, sometimes they are treated with exhaust fumes.
Caraway plants can be infected by numerous diseases (), however only a few of them are of a major importance. Elimination of seed-born diseases, especially those causing seedling damping-off, seems very essential. A quite efficient preventive measure is fungicidal seed-dressing just before sowing. During the vegetation season, caraway is often infected by downy mildew (Plasmopara nivea Schort.) which if intensive, can cause yellowing and wilting of the plants. Therefore, this pathogen should be treated with fungicides. Caraway stems can be attacked by basal root (Phoma anethi Sats.) and grey mould (Botrytis cinerea Pers.).
So called gangrene of inflorescence, caused by bacteria such as Erwinia, Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas, often appears while umbels are being formed and during flowering. In the Netherlands the most serious diseases of caraway are considered anthracnose (Mycocentrospora acerina) and white mould (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum). The first pathogen can be considerably limited by particular practices (e.g. lowering of N-fertilization and sowing rate), chemical treatments, and by biological control ().
Selections from the book: “Caraway. The Genus Carum”. Edited by Éva Németh. Series: “Medicinal and Aromatic Plants — Industrial Profiles”. 1998.


Versatile. Affordable. Light-Weight.
Invasive species can pose a threat to wildlife and the environment when compromised mats are moved from one location to another. They compete with native species endangering wildlife and the quality of natural water sources. This threat to the environment can cost corporations millions in fines and penalties. Our solid core Scout Mat ™ is tough, inert, lightweight, and will never rot, plus they are easily washed and will not facilitate cross-contamination as many hollow-core composite mats will. For those who want to connect Scout Mat ™ together, we offer heavy duty and long-lasting 2-way and 4-way stainless steel connectors.
- At only 88 lbs, our solid composite Scout Mat ™ is the heaviest light-duty mat on the market!
- Thickness: 1/2″ inch
- Width: full 48” wide (4’ feet)
- Length: full 96” long (8’ feet)
- Weight: 88 lbs
- Prevent and reduce rutting
- Protect turf and wetland environments
- Never rot
- Deliver maximum traction
- Dispel mud during vehicle traverse
- Reduce sideways movement and slippage
- Be reversible, offering a longer field life
Manufacturing Composite Mats For Over 14 Years.
We offer a limited warranty on all of our composite mats


Visit STAUFF at IE Expo China
As the leading trade fair for environmental technologies, IE Expo China offers an effective business
and networking platform in China. The trade fair will take place from 19 to 21 August 2022 in
Shanghai (China). Take the opportunity to find out about the STAUFF Group's diverse range of
products and services on site.
IE Expo China Environmental Expo is jointly created by the Chinese society of Environmental Sciences, the all China environmental service chamber of Commerce, the German Munich Expo Group and China trade Munich Exhibition (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. adhering to the quality of the mother exhibition of the global environmental protection exhibition "Germany IFAT" for half a century, serving China's environmental protection industry for 20 years, and achieving an influential and high-quality environmental technology exchange event in Asia.
The focus at the trade fair
Clamps and Valves


As an avid recycler, I love a product that is both stylish and environmentally friendly. Unfortunately it is sometimes difficult to track down clothing that doesn’t look like it is made out of burlap, but is still sustainably made. I put together this outfit from recycled, organic, hemp, or bamboo products from all over the internet.
Two great place to looks for some chic and environmentally sound pieces are the Barneys New York CO-OP, and Greenloop. If you buy just one thing from this post, I would recommend the Slouchy Eco Tote from Nordstrom– it folds into a little pouch, and you can take it with you whenever you go shopping to save paper bags and trees.
Have fun shopping (sustainably)!


- Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering
Gao, Stephen S.
B-35 McNutt Hall
ROLLA, MO 65409
University of CA - Los Angeles, Doctor of Philosophy, 1995
Pure and applied geophysics with emphasis on earthquake seismology. Seismological investigations of the Earth's crust and mantle using seismic tomography, anisotropy, and receiver function analyses. Distribution of earthquakes in space and time, crustal deformation, and earthquake hazard prediction and mitigation. Areas of study include Brazil, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, Japan, Kenya, Mongolia, Russia, South Africa, the United States, and Zimbabwe etc.
Latest Scholars' Mine Publications
- Spatial variation of seismic b-values beneath Makushin Volcano, Unalaska Island, Alaska
- Mantle flow and lithosphere-asthenosphere coupling beneath the southwestern edge of the North American craton: constraints from shear-wave splitting measurements
- Upper mantle structure of the Saharan Metacraton
- Crustal structure and evolution beneath the Colorado Plateau and the southern basin and range province: results from receiver function and gravity studies
- Evaluating the effectiveness of multi-spectral remote sensing data for lithological mapping in arid regions: a quantitative approach with examples from the Makkah Neoproterozoic region, Saudi Arabia


In the pursuit of sustainable and renewable energy sources, solar power and biomass have emerged as two promising options. When combined with electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure, solar-biomass hybrid solutions offer a unique and powerful approach to meet the energy demands of EVs while minimizing environmental impact.
Solar power is a well-established renewable energy source that utilizes sunlight to generate electricity. Solar panels can be installed on EV charging stations, harnessing the abundant energy from the sun to charge electric vehicles. This reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers carbon emissions associated with traditional grid-powered charging. By integrating solar power into EV charging infrastructure, we can create a greener and more sustainable transportation system.
Biomass energy, on the other hand, utilizes organic materials such as agricultural waste, wood chips, or dedicated energy crops to produce electricity. Biomass power plants can generate electricity by burning these organic materials, producing renewable energy without adding additional carbon to the atmosphere. Biomass energy can be used to supplement solar power in hybrid charging solutions, providing a consistent and reliable source of energy even during periods of limited sunlight.
The integration of solar and biomass energy sources in EV charging solutions offers several benefits. Firstly, it provides a diversified and resilient energy supply. Solar power is abundant during daylight hours, while biomass energy can provide continuous power generation regardless of the time of day or weather conditions. This combination ensures a reliable and uninterrupted charging experience for EV owners.
Secondly, solar-biomass hybrid charging solutions can support the grid by providing excess electricity during peak demand periods. Any surplus energy generated from solar or biomass sources can be fed back into the grid, reducing strain on traditional power infrastructure. This two-way energy flow enhances grid stability and promotes a more balanced and efficient distribution of renewable energy resources.
Furthermore, solar-biomass hybrid charging solutions have the potential to be deployed in remote or off-grid areas. Traditional grid connections may be limited in such locations, making solar-biomass charging infrastructure an attractive and sustainable option. By leveraging the sun and locally available biomass resources, EV owners in these areas can access charging facilities without relying on extensive grid infrastructure.
Finally, the integration of solar-biomass charging solutions promotes local economic development. Biomass energy production often involves sourcing organic materials from local farmers or waste management facilities, creating opportunities for job creation and supporting local businesses. This localized approach contributes to the overall social and economic well-being of communities.
In conclusion, solar-biomass hybrid EV charging solutions offer a compelling pathway to sustainable transportation. By combining the benefits of solar and biomass energy sources, these charging solutions provide reliable, resilient, and environmentally friendly power for electric vehicles. They contribute to reducing carbon emissions, enhancing grid stability, enabling charging in remote areas, and fostering local economic development. As the world shifts towards renewable energy, solar-biomass hybrid charging solutions play a crucial role in shaping a greener and more sustainable future.


A landscape plan is required to be included in the building package submitted for design review. The plan should clearly indicate the extent of landscaping on all four sides of the dwelling. Site drainage should be indicated.
Corner lots will have all fronting sides treated as the front yard of the property.
If a lot has a rear yard along a street or lane that serves as the frontage for neighbouring lots, the back yard shall be treated as the front yard of the property.
The front yard landscaping must be completed within ninety (90) days after the substantial completion of the home, weather conditions permitting.
A minimum of one (1) tree is required to be planted in the front yard. If the mature growth of the tree is less than six (6) feet in diameter then two (2) trees will be required in the front yard. In this case, one tree shall be deciduous and one tree shall be evergreen. No tree shall exceed a maximum height of twenty five (25) feet upon mature growth. Please refer to the included “Small Trees for Small Places” addendum for suggested tree types.
Turf is to be used where possible.
All services excluding water isolation valves (sewer inspection chambers, plumbing cleanouts etc) must be housed within an appropriate brooks box and lid.
Owners covenant to maintain landscaping in such a way as to not impede neighbouring property views.


Welcome to Hertfordshire’s finest pond maintenance services, where we specialize in preserving the health and beauty of your water feature. A well-maintained pond not only enhances the aesthetics of your outdoor space but also creates a thriving ecosystem for aquatic plants and fish. In this informative article, we will explore the various aspects of our pond maintenance hertfordshire, from regular cleaning and water quality management to plant care and fish health. Let’s dive in and discover how our services can help preserve the health of your Hertfordshire water feature.
- The Significance of Professional Pond Maintenance
Professional pond maintenance is crucial for preserving the health of your water feature. Neglecting regular upkeep can lead to issues such as poor water quality, algae growth, and imbalanced ecosystems. Our team of experts understands the importance of proper maintenance and is dedicated to providing the finest pond maintenance services in Hertfordshire.
- Thorough Cleaning for a Pristine Water Feature
Thorough cleaning is a foundational aspect of pond maintenance. Over time, debris, leaves, and other organic matter can accumulate in your pond, affecting water quality and the overall health of the ecosystem. Our skilled technicians utilize advanced techniques and equipment to perform thorough cleaning, ensuring the removal of debris and restoring the pristine condition of your water feature. By eliminating unwanted materials, we create a clean and visually appealing environment for your aquatic plants and fish.
- Water Quality Management for a Balanced Pond Ecosystem
Maintaining optimal water quality is vital for a healthy and balanced pond ecosystem. Our team conducts regular water tests to assess critical parameters such as pH levels, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate concentrations. Based on the results, we develop customized water quality management plans to ensure a balanced aquatic environment. From adjusting chemical levels to implementing advanced filtration systems, we take proactive measures to maintain the optimal conditions for the well-being of your water feature.
- Expert Plant Care for Vibrant Aquatic Flora
Aquatic plants are not only aesthetically pleasing but also essential for the health of your pond. Our experts specialize in plant care, offering guidance on suitable plant species for your water feature and providing expert advice on planting techniques. We also offer ongoing plant maintenance services, including pruning, fertilization, and pest control, to ensure that your aquatic flora remains vibrant and contributes to the overall beauty and balance of your pond.
- Comprehensive Fish Health Services
Fish are a significant component of any pond, and their health and well-being are of utmost importance. Our team has extensive knowledge and experience in fish care and health management. We offer comprehensive fish health services, including guidance on fish selection, proper stocking levels, and nutrition. Regular health checks, disease prevention, and effective treatments are integral parts of our fish care services. With our expertise, your fish will thrive in a healthy and supportive pond environment.
- Seasonal Maintenance for Year-Round Care
Pond maintenance requirements vary throughout the year, and seasonal maintenance is essential for the longevity and health of your water feature. Our team is well-versed in seasonal maintenance practices, ensuring that your pond is properly cared for in every season. From preparing your pond for winter to managing algae growth during the summer, we provide tailored maintenance services to address the specific needs of your pond throughout the year.
In conclusion, Hertfordshire’s finest pond maintenance services are dedicated to preserving the health and beauty of your water feature. From thorough cleaning and water quality management to expert plant care and comprehensive fish health services, our team of professionals is committed to providing the highest quality maintenance for your pond. Entrust your water feature to us, and let us ensure its longevity, beauty, and the thriving ecosystem it creates.


The Best Blinds For Hay Fever Sufferers
Jul 06 2021
Warm days, full of sunshine is what we are all looking for every summer. However, with almost one-fourth of the population suffering from hay fever, summer also means itchy eyes and sneezing. In the UK, the amount of pollen in the air peaks from May to September. Having the right blind at home can not only keep the heat out of your house but also decrease the amount of pollen inside. In today’s blog post we will feature blind types that we would recommend for hay fever sufferers.
Roller blinds are affordable and easy to operate blind type. The blind is made of a piece of fabric that can be easily folded up and down. We would recommend them for homeowners suffering from hay fever because they won’t gather as much dust and pollen as other blind types. This blind type is also easy to clean. Roller blinds are available in various fabric options. The majority of products available on our website are made from polyester. These blinds are easy to clean with a damp cloth. If you are suffering from hay fever we would recommend wiping your blind once a day to remove pollen that stuck to it overnight.
We would also advise having your window closed in the evening and morning. That's when the amount of pollen in the air is the highest. If you want to keep your window open during the daytime, having a blind down will reduce the amount of pollen and dust entering the room. To enjoy the daylight we would recommend our voile roller blinds. The blinds will filter the sunlight to gentle light and block most of the pollen and dust.
Captured product: Palette Dusk Senses Roller Blind
Some of the roller blinds available on our website are made from pollergen treated fabric. These blinds are specially designed for customers suffering from hay fever. The unique design of pollergen treated fabric captures and neutralises pollen entering the room. This fabric has been awarded by the British Allergy Foundation for its ability to help alleviate hay fever symptoms. Like all the other roller fabrics, pollergen can be easily wiped with a damp cloth.
Captured product: Disney Classics Roller Blind
Allusion blinds are made from a combination of sheer and opaque fabric. This innovative blind type is designed so you can see the outside view while still maintaining some privacy. Allusion blinds are a great alternative to curtains and vertical blinds, as you can walk through it while having it drawn closed. The unique texture of the fabric will not only block the direct sunlight but also capture pollen and dust entering the room. That’s why we would recommend our Allusion blinds for customers with hay fever symptoms. All the Allusion blinds available on our website are made from polyester fabric which is easy to wipe clean with a damp cloth. Similarly, to roller blinds, we would recommend wiping your blind once a day to get rid of pollen stuck to the blind.
Captured product: Vista Snow Allusion Blind
If you love the classic style of horizontal slats and decided to buy venetian or faux wood blind, then don’t worry. Those blind types tend to gather a lot of dust, but they are also very easy to clean.
Aluminium venetian blinds are made from high-quality metal that is moisture resistant and durable. For sunny rooms of the house, we would recommend thermal venetian blinds. Those blinds reflect the sunlight and keep your room cooler in the summertime. The cool air inside the house will bring relief for any allergy sufferers and make it easier to sleep during hot summer nights. We would not recommend our perforated range as those blinds can accumulate the pollen inside the little holes and are not as fast and easy to clean as other venetian blinds.
Captured product: Cinnamon Venetian Blind
Our faux wood blinds are great for flexible light and privacy control. Available in a range of neutral colours to suit your style, they are a great addition to any room of the house. Faux wood blinds are a great alternative to real wood as they are moisture-resistant and durable. The blind is made from high-quality PVC material that is easy and fast to clean. Check out our venetian blinds cleaning guide here.
Captured product: Sunwood True Faux Wood Blind with white tapes
To sum up, we would recommend roller, allusion and venetian blinds for allergy sufferers. Those blinds are easy and fast to clean. We would not recommend binds that are made from material that accumulate dust such as roman blinds.
In weeks when the pollen is most active, we would recommend closing your windows in the morning and in the evening. Having your blinds shut will not only reduce noise levels but also lower the temperature of the room and help you to get better sleep. Try to ventilate your room while having your blind down to filter the dust and pollen coming into the room.
Your Blinds Direct is a leading UK manufacturer of beautiful made-to-measure window blinds, serving customers nationwide. Take a look at our website today for a huge selection of blinds styles, materials, and designs and order your FREE samples today.
Content Writer at Your Blinds Direct


Miyota Ooyachi | Solar Farm
Feed-in Tariff contract for 38.88 JPY per kWh, effective till March, 2034.
214 sqm for land
For sale at: JPY 10,320,000
Aerial view by Google Earth
Neighbor view by Google Street View
This for-sale property is a solar farm and its site in a residential area in Miyota.
The solar power generation facility started operation in April 2014, and a purchase contract (power receipt contract) has been concluded with Chubu Electric Power Company at 38.88 yen per kWh based on the "Feed-in Tariff Scheme for Renewable Energy" until March 2034.
The solar panels manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric have a 20-year warranty and are still generating electricity. The power conditioner has a 10-year warranty, which will soon expire as a product. The actual income from electricity sales has averaged approximately 590,000 yen per year for the eight years from 2015 to 2022. The equipment is depreciated over 20 years, but no depreciable property taxes are levied as the tax base is already below the exemption point. The only cash operating expenses are the property tax on the land, fire insurance, and the electricity bill for the power conditioner, which is approximately 30,000 yen per year in FY2022. For tax reporting, depreciation (¥272,698/year, fixed amount for 20 years), transportation costs, and other expenses are to be added to this amount and recorded as expenses.
In addition to the purchase and sale of the land, it is necessary to apply to the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) for the transfer of the project in order to receive the power plant. After the contract is signed, the seller and buyer will jointly file the application, and both the land and equipment will be delivered upon completion.
The land is located in a residential subdivision, so after the power generation project is completed, the land can be used as normal residential land for personal use (e.g., to build a house) or the land can be sold after the equipment is removed.
We look forward to hearing from interested parties.
See also our other property listings.


The Earth is adorned with countless mountains and oceans that are impossible to miss. Mountains come in various forms and shapes, and many beautiful mountains around the world are well-known to global travelers.
Climbing a mountain is a remarkable achievement that requires courage, determination, and patience. In this article, we have compiled a list of some of the most beautiful mountains in the world.
Located in the Alps, the Matterhorn is a magnificent and unique peak. It is considered the most beautiful mountain in the Alps and a proud symbol of Switzerland. Climbing this mountain can truly be a deadly skill, making it a popular destination for experienced mountaineers.
Despite rumors that the snow on Mount Kilimanjaro has been melting, with an estimated 82% loss since 1912, this does not diminish its charm. Standing at 19,341 feet, Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in Africa and attracts tourists from all over the world to visit it every year.
Mount Fuji is Japan's tallest mountain and a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site. It holds important cultural and spiritual significance for the Japanese people and is considered the sacred mountain of Japan.
It has also become an object of faith and a source of art for the Japanese. Mount Fuji stands at 3,894 meters high and is one of the few places in the world where columnar clouds can be seen, making it a truly unique and breathtaking sight.
After Machu Picchu, Rainbow Mountain has become a popular attraction in Peru in recent years. Its altitude stands at 5,212 meters, and the colorful stripes on the ridge are like a palette knocked down by God under the sunlight.
The colors on Rainbow Mountain are the result of the mineral deposits on the mountain and the uncanny workmanship of nature, without any human processing.
The Himalayas are one of the highest mountain ranges in the world, spanning across Nepal, India, Bhutan, China, and other countries.
It is home to the highest mountain in the world - Mount Everest, standing at 8,848 meters, which is considered the ultimate challenge for climbers. The Himalayas offer spectacular glaciers, rich wildlife, and fascinating cultural landscapes, making it a destination worth visiting.
The Rocky Mountains are one of the most important mountain ranges in the United States, spanning across multiple states on the west coast, including California, Nevada, Colorado, Utah, and more.
With majestic canyons, alpine lakes, and unique geological landscapes, it is an ideal place for tourists who love mountaineering, trekking, and other outdoor activities.
The Alps are one of the most important mountain ranges in Europe, spanning several countries, including France, Italy, Austria, Switzerland, and more.
It offers breathtaking scenery, including alpine lakes, forests, glaciers, and unique geological formations. The Alps are also ideal for skiing and other winter sports.
Mountains and natural landscapes are some of the most majestic wonders on Earth, offering unique experiences and sensations.
However, these places need to be protected and respected so that people can continue to appreciate their beauty for years to come. It is our responsibility to preserve these natural treasures and ensure that future generations can enjoy them as well.


With the rising energy prices, solar energy management has never been so relevant. As such, in addition to the solar race, we'll be organizing seminars throughout the weekend to help you learn out how you can tackle the "challenge" of expensive energy.
You can find out more and register for the event below!
17 & 18 september 2022
Please note: The iESC and "Using solar to tackle the current energy price challenges" information seminars are completely free. However, we strongly encourage you to register as soon as possible as spaces are limited!
The 24 hours European Solar challenge is the only 24 hours endurance race in the world for solar cars, which takes place every 2 years at the former F1 track of Circuit Zolder in Belgium.
Rising energy prices have ensured that renewable energy sources such as solar panels have never been as interesting. However, to get the most out of your investment, it is necessary to optimise your self-consumption.
Saturday September 17th we have the pleasure of welcoming Peter Van Strydonck (representative for partnerships at Fluvius) and Dirk Van Evercooren (General Director ODE) as guest speakers.
Peter Van Strydonck - Fluvius
Join Peter during this session and learn how you can get the maximum from your digital meter.
He will also expand on current themes such as energy sharing, and share his insight on the impact of electrification of the automobile industry on the power grid.
Dirk Van Evercooren - ODE
Join Dirk during the Saturday session as he shares why electric vehicles can have a positive effect on the stability of the power grid, and how they contribute to the green energy transition.
With a focus on solar energy innovation, iLumen will present its renewed product suite and give you the opportunity to experience how breakthrough technologies will complete your moder, smart home. Next to iLumen, you will also get the possibility to get a glimpse of technologies developed by other promising companies in the solar industry.


Eco spa hot tubs are a type of hot tub designed with a focus on energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. They incorporate various features and technologies to minimize energy consumption and reduce their ecological impact. Here are some key aspects of eco spa hot tubs:
Insulation: Eco spa hot tubs are typically well-insulated to minimize heat loss. They use high-density foam insulation in the cabinet and cover to retain heat, reducing the amount of energy required to maintain the desired water temperature.
Energy-Efficient Heating Systems: These hot tubs often employ energy-efficient heating systems, such as advanced heat pumps or highly efficient electric heaters. Heat pumps are particularly popular as they can extract heat from the surrounding air and transfer it to the water, consuming less electricity compared to traditional electric heaters.
Efficient Filtration and Circulation: Eco spa hot tubs utilize efficient filtration systems to keep the water clean while minimizing energy consumption. They may feature programmable filtration cycles, low-energy circulation pumps, or advanced filtration technologies like ozone or UV-C disinfection, which reduce the need for chemical sanitizers.
LED Lighting: Many eco spa hot tubs incorporate LED lighting instead of traditional incandescent bulbs. LED lights consume significantly less energy, have a longer lifespan, and offer various color options to create a soothing ambiance.
Cover Design: The cover of an eco spa hot tub is typically designed to be well-insulated and tightly sealed. This prevents heat loss and reduces the need for constant reheating, leading to energy savings.
Energy Management Systems: Some eco spa hot tubs come equipped with energy management systems that allow users to schedule heating and filtration cycles, control temperature settings, and monitor energy usage. These systems help optimize energy efficiency and provide users with greater control over their hot tub's operation.
Sustainable Materials: Manufacturers of eco spa hot tubs may prioritize the use of sustainable and environmentally friendly materials in their construction. This can include recycled or recyclable components, responsibly sourced wood, and low-chemical or non-toxic materials.
By combining these features, eco spa hot tubs aim to reduce energy consumption, minimize water and chemical usage, and promote sustainable practices. They provide an enjoyable and relaxing hot tub experience while being conscious of the environment and reducing the overall ecological impact.


From engineered walls to DIY projects, this class will cover the pros & cons of vertical gardening including irrigation, potting mixes, plant selection and more. Horticulturalist Karen will assist you in building a vertical garden to take home and never be vertically challenged again. With a little bit of simple maintenance you can have fresh herbs and salad greens all year round for under $25.00.
Vertical Gardening is fabulous for small spaces, creating features in larger gardens and greening the environment. This workshop will discuss a variety of vertical systems, from cheap and recycled to fully engineered walls, what plants need to grow and a Q&A session. This is a practical and fun workshop for everyone regardless of your gardening skill level.
Karen Montgomery is a horticulturalist, garden writer, workshop facilitator and presenter with a passion for edible gardening. She encourages people to grow food; share their skills and their produce. Karen can be contacted via her Facebook page.
Questions about the class? Please email firstname.lastname@example.org.
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Animal SensAbility – Communication for Life Seasons, & Earth Medicine, March 24th 2018
March 24, 2018 @ 10:00 AM - 7:00 PM$259
Animal SensAbility Workshop Series Presents
“Communication for Life Seasons and Earth Medicine”
Enjoy a special connection with pets and wildlife! Learn the value of animal communication and natural “earth medicines” for all 4 seasons of life. If you are a pet parent, animal caregiver, or simply a lover of animals and nature, this enlightening full day workshop event will unlock a whole new understanding of caring for the mind, body and spirit of the critters in your life. PLUS, end the day with a special “Storytellers Gathering”. PrideRock Wildlife Refuge in Terrell, TX is the venue! Space is limited to just 15 people – Register Now!
Andrea Sobotka, aka “Critter Doc”, CEO and founder of Spirit Animal Wisdom, is the presenter for this workshop. She is a gifted animal communicator, a natural energy healer, and an intuitive counselor for pets and their people. Her clients range from puppies to tigers! Andrea also works as a wildlife medic and rehab volunteer. Her work is well known locally and around the globe. She is a published author, a speaker, and has appeared on several talk-radio shows. Andrea shares her knowledge and experience in an interactive manner in small class settings, at specially chosen locations you are sure to enjoy.
- Learn the keys of communication for each stage of life, from birth to crossing over time.
- Discover ageless “Earth Medicine” methods for natural whole health & healing.
- Learn the true FOOD approach to wellness vs. the toxic garden path we’ve been lead down.
PRIDEROCK Wildlife Refuge is the private workshop setting! Experience the powerful energy of lions, tigers, cougars and wolves as you learn. See firsthand how humans CAN care for wildlife with respect, dignity, and heart.
~Learn, See, Feel, Share, Explore! ~
THIS CLASS IS LIMITED TO 15 PEOPLE. MUST BE PRE-REGISTERED.
Workshop fee is $259 per person (adults only please). Course materials and light refreshments provided. Workshop includes day access to the private PrideRock Wildlife Refuge grounds. A portion of all workshop proceeds will be donated by Spirit Animal Wisdom LLC to PrideRock, a 501(c)(3) organization.


Flagship Products Available Now...
SDaquarist is a mix of six marine microalgae: Isochrysis, Pavlova, Tetraselmis, Chaetoceros calcitrans, Thalassiosira weissflogii and Thalassiosira pseudonana – a blend of the most widely used marine microalgae, chosen by top universities and commercial aquaculture facilities for their superior nutritional value. LEARN MORE
RGcomplete is a super-concentrated microalgal-based premium quality feed and enrichment for rotifers and other filter-feeders. Sized especially for breeders, it includes both a pH buffer and ammonia neutralizer with a long refrigerated shelf life of at least 6 months. LEARN MORE
The APBreed Compact Culture System (CCS) is designed to make benchtop-scale culture of zooplankton easy and reliable. LEARN MORE
Reed Mariculture supplies pure cultures of a strain of Brachionus plicatilis (L-type*) with a typical lorica length of about 160 µm. This species is euryhaline, capable of thriving in salinities of 5-40 ppt. LEARN MORE
S-type rotifers are cyclical parthenogens - meaning they alternate between sexual and asexual reproduction - which allows them to rapidly colonize an environment. Brachionus rotundiformis been used with great success in the larval culture of marine finfish and crustaceans. LEARN MORE
Rotifer Floss is a new innovation for cleaning detritus and ciliates out of rotifer systems. Rotifer Floss is a loose weave filter that allows water to easily pass through it, but has a high surface area which the detritus sticks to.LEARN MORE
TDO Chroma BOOST is professional japanese fish feed "top-dressed" with Haematococcus (which provides an excellent source of astaxanthin) for vibrant color and superior nutrition. LEARN MORE
Parvocalanus crassirostris is a small, pelagic calanoid copepod. The nauplii (newly hatched larvae) are small measuring in the 40-100 µm range, making them a suitable feed for small-gape fish larvae. Adults are in the 200 to 400 µm range. LEARN MORE
NOTES: These animals will only accept live algae. PLEASE READ THE PRODUCT OVERVIEW BEFORE PURCHASING so you will be prepared to receive and care for your copepods.
Please call for orders larger than 100K - they will require 7 days notice. We normally ship this product on Tuesdays and Thursdays, so if you need it sooner, please call us. All orders will be shipped separately from any refrigerated and/or frozen product.
Due to longterm shipping conditions for international customers, we can only ship the nauplii (≤ 100 µm) because the animals are more durable at this life stage and shipment transit time must not exceed 5 days.
ClorAm-X is a dry powder water conditioner that detoxifies and removes ammonia, chlorine and chloramines in both fresh and salt water. ClorAm-X should be used when conditioning new water, after or during water additions and before adding new plants or animals. LEARN MORE


Teak trees are hardwood trees found in India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand and other parts of the globe. These trees can grow up to 150 feet with life of 100 years. They grow in tropical climate with daily sunshine in fertile and well-draining soil. The wood of these trees is used commercially for varied purposes. We provide high-quality Teak Plant that is resistant to shipworms and rot.
Height When Fully Grown
18 degree C to 50 degree C
Well Watered, Full Sun Exposure, Fast Growth
Acidic, Alkaline, Clay, Well Drained
6 to 9 Inch


Imberhorne Lane tip now open
1 March 2012
WEST Sussex County Council’s state-of-the-art Household Waste Recycling site in East Grinstead is now open for business.
Customers will be able to use the Imberhorne Lane site from 8am to 5pm from Monday to Friday, and from 9am to 5pm at weekends and on bank holidays.
During the summer months (1 April to 1 October) opening hours will be extended to 7pm.
The new site layout will make recycling and household waste disposal quicker, safer and more user-friendly.
Customers will also be able to recycle a wider variety of items at the revamped site, full details of which are available at: www.recycleforwestsussex.org. These include all types of waste electrical items, cardboard, green waste, textiles, household batteries and CDs.
The aim is for the site to recycle 80% of the household waste brought to the facility in line other redeveloped sites in West Sussex.
County Council Deputy leader Lionel Barnard, who has responsibility for waste issues, said: “This new site will meet the district’s recycling needs for years to come and further encourage people to recycle household waste, so reducing the amount of waste that goes into dustbins and ends up in expensive landfill.”
“The East Grinstead site is the last upgrade to the County Council’s Household Waste Recycling site programme which was started in 2004, and is part of a multi-million pound development project between the County Council and Viridor, our recycling contractors.”