The character Fagin in Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist is believed to be based on the criminal Ikey Solomon, who was a fence at the centre of a highly publicised arrest, escape, recapture, and trial.
Solomon is also thought to have been a London underworld “kidsman”—an adult who recruited and trained children as pickpockets in exchange for providing them free food and lodging.
Born into a Jewish family in the East End of London, Solomon was one of nine children and was introduced to a life of crime at an early age by his father.
He opened a shop in Brighton and later a pawn shop in London through which he bought and sold stolen goods.
Luck ran out for him when in 1810 he and a friend named Joel Joseph were caught red-handed stealing a pocket book and £40 in bank notes from a gentleman outside the houses of parliament.
Police chased the pair into Westminster Hall and Joseph tried to eat the money while Solomon tried to hide the pocket book.
Both were tried at the Old Bailey and found guilty of stealing.
At 23, Solomon was all set for penal transportation to Australia.
But he ended up in a prison hulk called Zetland—a decommissioned ship used as a floating prison, popular in England in the 18th and 19th centuries.
After four years, he was either released through error, or he escaped.
Undeterred, he returned to London and set up shop as a pawn broker, using it as a cover for trading in stolen property.
Nine years passed until he was arrested again and charged with theft and receiving.
Held at Newgate Prison, he managed to obtain a writ of habeas corpus and was brought before a judge.
When his case was dismissed, his guards escorted him back to Newgate Prison in a hackney carriage.
Unbeknown to the guards, the carriage driver was Solomon’s father-in-law, and at a prearranged spot, other friends of Solomon attacked the guards and set Ikey free.
This time, he fled the country—first to Denmark and then to New York, arriving in August 1827.
Authorities arrested Solomon’s wife. She was found guilty of receiving stolen goods and sentenced to penal transportation to Tasmania.
The judge allowed her six children to go with her.
When Ikey heard the news of his wife’s transportation, he decided to leave New York and board a ship for Tasmania under a false name.
On arrival in Tasmania, it wasn’t long before some of his old criminal acquaintances recognized him, but as luck would have it, the Governor of the island couldn’t arrest him without a warrant from England.
Even when the governor wrote to request a warrant, it would be 12 months before it arrived.
Ikey was free to do as he pleased and opened a tobacco store.
So that his wife could stay with him, he paid a surety bond to guarantee she wouldn’t leave the island.
But the 12 months passed and the warrant for Ikey’s arrest finally arrived.
After another long voyage back to England for his trial at the Old Bailey, he was charged on eight counts of receiving stolen goods, found guilty on two, and shipped back to Tasmania to serve a 14-year sentence.
The trial was highly publicized in newspapers and pamphlets and it’s believed Charles Dickens used it as the basis for Fagin’s trial in Oliver Twist (Ch 52).
Just four years into his sentence, he was granted a ticket of leave on condition that he live at least 20 miles away from the capital city Hobart.
This meant that he was essentially free as long as he stayed within the district specified on the ticket.
Estranged from his wife and family, he would live another 15 years until his death in 1850.
The Jewish cemetery in Hobart where he was laid to rest was bulldozed and the land converted to an apartment complex.
All signs of his life are long gone, but his story lives on in the writings of Charles Dickens and the character Fagin.


This year over 7.1 million Americans enrolled in health plans on state and federal health insurance exchanges created by the Affordable Care Act (ACA). For many families, one of the benefits of enrolling in an exchange health plan is the “Premium Tax Credit,” also known as a premium subsidy. The subsidy is provided to help make the cost of healthcare insurance affordable to individuals and families who meet certain eligibility requirements:
- You must purchase insurance through a health insurance exchange (e.g., the Marketplace);
- Your household income must be between 100% and 400% of the federal poverty level (“FPL”).
- You must not be eligible for “affordable” employer-sponsored coverage, or government-sponsored coverage (like Medicare, Medicaid, CHIP, or TRICARE);
- You cannot be claimed by another person as a dependent; and
- You cannot file a “married filing separately” tax return (except in certain domestic violence situations—see IRS Notice 2014-23).
Your eligibility for the credit, and the amount of the credit you can receive, is determined based on the information you provide when you apply for coverage. If you are eligible, you decide when to receive the credit:
- Take it now – You can choose to have part or all of your estimated credit paid directly to your insurance company, thus lowering your share of monthly premiums during 2014.
- Take it later –You can wait until you file your 2014 income tax return (in 2015) to take the credit, which will be a refundable credit on your income tax return.
If you qualify for the premium tax credit and choose to take it now, the amount of your credit could change, depending on your actual income for the year. For example, if you took the credit and your income turns out to be more than 400% of FPL, you will have to repay the credit. On the other hand, if you took a reduced credit or no credit initially, but your income turns out to be less than expected, you may receive a refund.
Exception: If you enroll in an exchange health plan and it is estimated that your income will be between 100% and 400% of FPL, and you elect to take the tax credit during the year, but at the end of the year it turns out that you earned less than 100% of FPL, you do not need to repay the credit as long as you meet the other eligibility requirements described above.
When you apply for coverage from an exchange, you are asked whether you are eligible for employer-sponsored coverage. If you indicate that you are, you will be prompted to provide the amount of the premium contribution you would need to pay for single coverage. Although it may be tempting to provide false information to be sure you receive the premium discount, the tax credit will be taken away if the information provided is false and, you may be subject to additional tax penalties.
The IRS intends to issue regulations to help verify the information provided by individuals. These regulations will establish a process that the IRS will use to verify the coverage availability and affordability through your employer if you apply for subsidized coverage from the exchange.
Report mid-year changes promptly. If you take the premium tax credit during the year and you experience a major change in income, family size, employment or other factor affecting your eligibility for the credit, you should report such changes immediately to the exchange so that your credit can be adjusted mid-year. Otherwise, you may wind up owing more money on April 15, 2015.
Don’t forget to file your 2014 tax return. Whether you choose to take the credit during the year, or to claim it on your tax return at the end of the year, you are required to file a 2014 income tax return in order to receive the premium tax credit.
Re-enroll to receive the credit next year. Re-enrollment is not automatic! In November, you should receive notice of your eligibility to re-enroll. This notice is expected to include questions about your family size and income. You must sign and return the notice within 30 days to find out if you will be eligible for the premium tax credit in the coming year. Then, during the annual open enrollment period (for example, November 15, 2014–January 15, 2015), you can decide whether to re-enroll.
Thoughts or questions on the premium tax credit? Leave a comment to let us know what you think.
Visit us at www.bellassoc.com.
This article refers to all regulations issued through April 1, 2014. It is intended to be a summary of important issues and should not be considered legal or tax advice.
© Bell Associates and “Ask the Professionals,” 2014. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from Bell Associates is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Bell Associates and “Ask the Professionals” with appropriate and specific direction to the original content.


What are your office hours?
Our office is open 8:30 am noon, and 1:00 to 5:00 pm, Monday through Friday.
We can see clients at other times with special arrangements.
Is there a charge for the first visit?
Yes, we charge $75 for the first one half hour of consultation.
Do you accept credit cards?
Yes, we accept Visa, MasterCard and Discover.
How do you charge for attorney fees?
We charge attorney fees in several ways, depending on the type of case. In many cases we set a minimum fee and retainer, and charge an hourly rate with credit for the retainer paid. In some cases, such as auto accidents, we can work on a contingent fee basis and only charge a percentage fee if there is a recovery. In other cases, such as estate planning, we have a set fee for the work we do. In real estate matters we can work on either a percentage fee or an hourly rate fee.
We discuss fees in the first meeting with the client and put everything in writing. We provide our clients with a written fee agreement and a schedule of the way fees are calculated.
What does the P.C. in the firm name mean?
P.C. in the firm name is an abbreviation for "Professional Corporation."
The Michigan Professional Corporation Act requires that any firm operating as a professional corporation have either Professional Corporation or P.C. in their name.
Can I call on the telephone for a legal opinion?
No, not unless you are an established client. We take pride in the quality of our legal opinions and do not offer snap decisions.
We request that prospective clients make an appointment and meet with us face-to-face. We then can give an informed, well thought-out opinion of the legal matter.
Is there parking available near your office?
Yes, there is limited on-street parking in front of our office, and two city parking lots within one block of the office.
One parking lot is on North Huron Street on the West side just South of Michigan Avenue. The second lot is on the corner of Washington and Pearl Streets.
Note that our office is on the corner of Huron and Pearl Streets in the City of Ypsilanti. Huron is one-way traffic North and Pearl is one-way traffic West.


I just had one of the best experiences, and I want to share it with you guys. Some of the counties and municipalities here in Georgia have what they call Citizens Police Academies. It's a modified version of what police recruits go through and it's free. You get instruction on the laws governing police work from traffic law to when you have a right to use force against others. It included firearms instruction from police officers and a ridealong. I got to go to the gun range and fire a 40-caliber glock handgun and an AR-15 assault rifle. We saw a demonstration from one of the K-9 officers (Officer Bosco rocks!) and studied a simulated crime scene as if we were real CSIs.
Needless to say this gave me a lot of valuable research info for the books, since our Connie is a police detective and all. I encourage you all to take advantage of the Citizens Police Academies if one is offered near you. And I want to give a big shout out to the awesome, awesome officers of the Acworth Police Department! Y'all are the best!


AGREEMENT TO TERMS
Indigena Market marketplace is an integrative platform wherein NFT creators and enthusiasts buy and sell NFTs. The platform functions as an augmented marketplace wherein indigenous artists of various niches can tokenize their content.
Activities in the Indigena Market marketplace are controlled by smart contracts. The smart contracts execute transactions initiated and ensure that details of ownership for every sale and purchase are updated on the blockchain. Trade points in the marketplace are unique and authentic, and every transaction is securely executed.
Indigena Market is not a wallet provider, exchange, broker, financial institution, or creditor. Indigena Market provides a peer-to-peer web3 service that helps users discover and directly interact with each other and NFTs available on public blockchains. We do not have custody or control over the NFTs or blockchains you are interacting with and we do not execute or effectuate purchases, transfers, or sales of NFTs. To use our Service, you must use a third-party wallet which allows you to engage in transactions on blockchains.
Indigena Market is not party to any agreement between any users. You bear full responsibility for verifying the identity, legitimacy, and authenticity of NFTs that you purchase from third-party sellers using the Service and we make no claims about the identity, legitimacy, functionality, or authenticity of users or NFTs (and any content associated with such NFTs) visible on the Service.
Because we have a growing number of services, we sometimes need to provide additional terms for specific services (and such services are deemed part of the “Service” hereunder and shall also be subject to these Terms). Those additional terms and conditions, which are available with the relevant service, then become part of your agreement with us if you use those services. In the event of a conflict between these Terms and any additional applicable terms we may provide for a specific service, such additional terms shall control for that specific service.
Indigena Market reserves the right to change or modify these Terms at any time and in our sole discretion. If we make material changes to these Terms, we will use reasonable efforts to provide notice of such changes, such as by providing notice through the Service or updating the “Last Updated” date at the beginning of these Terms. By continuing to access or use the Service, you confirm your acceptance of the revised Terms and all of the terms incorporated therein by reference effective as of the date these Terms are updated. It is your sole responsibility to review the Terms from time to time to view such changes and to ensure that you understand the terms and conditions that apply when you access or use the Service.
The information provided on the Website is not intended for distribution to or use by any person or entity in any jurisdiction or country where such distribution or use would be contrary to law or regulation or which would subject us to any registration requirement within such jurisdiction or country. Accordingly, those persons who choose to access the Website from other locations do so on their own initiative and are solely responsible for compliance with local laws, if and to the extent local laws are applicable.
The Website is intended for users who are at least 18 years old. Persons under the age of 18 are not permitted to use or register for the Website.
YOUR ACCESS TO THE SERVICE
Like much of web3, your blockchain address functions as your identity on Indigena Market. Accordingly, you will need a blockchain address and a third-party wallet to access the Service. Your account on the service (“Account”) will be associated with your blockchain address; however, if you want to add some flair to your Indigena Market persona, you can add additional information, such as a profile picture, to your Account.
Your Account on Indigena Market will be associated with your linked blockchain address and display the NFTs for that blockchain address (and, if applicable, any content associated with such NFTs). By using your wallet in connection with the Service, you agree that you are using that wallet under the terms and conditions of the applicable provider of the wallet. Wallets are not operated by, maintained by, or affiliated with Indigena Market, and Indigena Market does not have custody or control over the contents of your wallet and has no ability to retrieve or transfer its contents. Indigena Market accepts no responsibility for, or liability to you, in connection with your use of a wallet and makes no representations or warranties regarding how the Service will operate with any specific wallet. You are solely responsible for keeping your wallet secure and you should never share your wallet credentials or seed phrase with anyone. If you discover an issue related to your wallet, please contact your wallet provider. Likewise, you are solely responsible for your Account and any associated wallet and we are not liable for any acts or omissions by you in connection with your Account or as a result of your Account or wallet being compromised.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
Provided that you are eligible to use the Website, you are granted a limited license to access and use the Website and to download or print a copy of any portion of the Content to which you have properly gained access solely for your personal, non-commercial use. We reserve all rights not expressly granted to you in and to the Website, the Content and the Marks.
If you provide any information that is untrue, inaccurate, not current, or incomplete, we have the right to suspend or terminate your account and refuse any and all current or future use of the Website (or any portion thereof).
You may not access or use the Website for any purpose other than that for which we make the Website available. The Website may not be used in connection with any commercial endeavors except those that are specifically endorsed or approved by us.
As a user of the Website, you agree not to:
- Systematically retrieve data or other content from the Website to create or compile, directly or indirectly, a collection, compilation, database, or directory without written permission from us.
- Trick, defraud, or mislead us and other users, especially in any attempt to learn sensitive account information such as user passwords.
- Circumvent, disable, or otherwise interfere with security-related features of the Website, including features that prevent or restrict the use or copying of any Content or enforce limitations on the use of the Website and/or the Content contained therein.
- Disparage, tarnish, or otherwise harm, in our opinion, us and/or the Website.
- Use any information obtained from the Website in order to harass, abuse, or harm another person.
- Make improper use of our support services or submit false reports of abuse or misconduct.
- Use the Website in a manner inconsistent with any applicable laws or regulations.
- Engage in unauthorized framing of or linking to the Website.
- Upload or transmit (or attempt to upload or to transmit) viruses, Trojan horses, or other material, including excessive use of capital letters and spamming (continuous posting of repetitive text), that interferes with any party’s uninterrupted use and enjoyment of the Website or modifies, impairs, disrupts, alters, or interferes with the use, features, functions, operation, or maintenance of the Website.
- Engage in any automated use of the system, such as using scripts to send comments or messages, or using any data mining, robots, or similar data gathering and extraction tools.
- Delete the copyright or other proprietary rights notice from any Content.
- Attempt to impersonate another user or person or use the username of another user.
- Upload or transmit (or attempt to upload or to transmit) any material that acts as a passive or active information collection or transmission mechanism, including without limitation, clear graphics interchange formats (“gifs”), 1×1 pixels, web bugs, cookies, or other similar devices (sometimes referred to as “spyware” or “passive collection mechanisms” or “pcms”).
- Interfere with, disrupt, or create an undue burden on the Website or the networks or services connected to the Website.
- Harass, annoy, intimidate, or threaten any of our employees or agents engaged in providing any portion of the Website to you.
- Attempt to bypass any measures of the Website designed to prevent or restrict access to the Website, or any portion of the Website.
- Copy or adapt the Website’s software.
- Except as permitted by applicable law, decipher, decompile, disassemble, or reverse engineer any of the software comprising or in any way making up a part of the Website.
- Except as may be the result of standard search engine or Internet browser usage, use, launch, develop, or distribute any automated system, including without limitation, any spider, robot, cheat utility, scraper, or offline reader that accesses the Website, or using or launching any unauthorized script or other software.
- Use a buying agent or purchasing agent to make purchases on the Website.
- Make any unauthorized use of the Website, including collecting usernames and/or email addresses of users by electronic or other means for the purpose of sending unsolicited email, or creating user accounts by automated means or under false pretenses.
- Use the Website as part of any effort to compete with us or otherwise use the Website and/or the Content for any revenue-generating endeavor or commercial enterprise.
USER GENERATED CONTRIBUTIONS
- The creation, distribution, transmission, public display, or performance, and the accessing, downloading, or copying of your Contributions do not and will not infringe the proprietary rights, including but not limited to the copyright, patent, trademark, trade secret, or moral rights of any third party.
- Your Contributions are not false, inaccurate, or misleading.
- Your Contributions are not unsolicited or unauthorized advertising, promotional materials, pyramid schemes, chain letters, spam, mass mailings, or other forms of solicitation.
- Your Contributions are not obscene, lewd, lascivious, filthy, violent, harassing, libelous, slanderous, or otherwise objectionable (as determined by us).
- Your Contributions do not ridicule, mock, disparage, intimidate, or abuse anyone
- Your Contributions are not used to harass or threaten (in the legal sense of those terms) any other person and to promote violence against a specific person or class of people.
- Your Contributions do not violate any applicable law, regulation, or rule.
- Your Contributions do not violate the privacy or publicity rights of any third party.
- Your Contributions do not violate any applicable law concerning child pornography, or otherwise intended to protect the health or well-being of minors.
- Your Contributions do not include any offensive comments that are connected to race, national origin, gender, sexual preference, or physical handicap.
By submitting suggestions or other feedback regarding the Website, you agree that we can use and share such feedback for any purpose without compensation to you.
We do not assert any ownership over your Contributions. You retain full ownership of all of your Contributions and any intellectual property rights or other proprietary rights associated with your Contributions. We are not liable for any statements or representations in your Contributions provided by you in any area on the Website. You are solely responsible for your Contributions to the Website and you expressly agree to exonerate us from any and all responsibility and to refrain from any legal action against us regarding your Contributions.
You acknowledge and agree that any questions, comments, suggestions, ideas, feedback, or other information regarding the Website (“Submissions”) provided by you to us are non-confidential and shall become our sole property. We shall own exclusive rights, including all intellectual property rights, and shall be entitled to the unrestricted use and dissemination of these Submissions for any lawful purpose, commercial or otherwise, without acknowledgment or compensation to you. You hereby waive all moral rights to any such Submissions, and you hereby warrant that any such Submissions are original with you or that you have the right to submit such Submissions. You agree there shall be no recourse against us for any alleged or actual infringement or misappropriation of any proprietary right in your Submissions.
THIRD-PARTY WEBAPP AND CONTENT
TERM AND TERMINATION
If we terminate or suspend your account for any reason, you are prohibited from registering and creating a new account under your name, a fake or borrowed name, or the name of any third party, even if you may be acting on behalf of the third party. In addition to terminating or suspending your account, we reserve the right to take appropriate legal action, including without limitation pursuing civil, criminal, and injunctive redress.
MODIFICATIONS AND INTERRUPTIONS
We reserve the right to change, modify, or remove the contents of the Website at any time or for any reason at our sole discretion without notice. However, we have no obligation to update any information on our Website. We also reserve the right to modify or discontinue all or part of the Website without notice at any time. We will not be liable to you or any third party for any modification, price change, suspension, or discontinuance of the Website.
There may be information on the Website that contains typographical errors, inaccuracies, or omissions, including descriptions, pricing, availability, and various other information. We reserve the right to correct any errors, inaccuracies, or omissions and to change or update the information on the Website at any time, without prior notice.
THE APP IS PROVIDED ON AN AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE BASIS. YOU AGREE THAT YOUR USE OF THE APP AND OUR SERVICES WILL BE AT YOUR SOLE RISK. TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, WE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN CONNECTION WITH THE APP AND YOUR USE THEREOF, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. WE MAKE NO WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS ABOUT THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE APP’S CONTENT OR THE CONTENT OF ANY WEBAPPS LINKED TO THE APP AND WE WILL ASSUME NO LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY (1) ERRORS, MISTAKES, OR INACCURACIES OF CONTENT AND MATERIALS, (2) PERSONAL INJURY OR PROPERTY DAMAGE, OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER, RESULTING FROM YOUR ACCESS TO AND USE OF THE APP, (3) ANY UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO OR USE OF OUR SECURE SERVERS AND/OR ANY AND ALL PERSONAL INFORMATION AND/OR FINANCIAL INFORMATION STORED THEREIN, (4) ANY INTERRUPTION OR CESSATION OF TRANSMISSION TO OR FROM THE APP, (5) ANY BUGS, VIRUSES, TROJAN HORSES, OR THE LIKE WHICH MAY BE TRANSMITTED TO OR THROUGH THE APP BY ANY THIRD PARTY, AND/OR (6) ANY ERRORS OR OMISSIONS IN ANY CONTENT AND MATERIALS OR FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE OF ANY KIND INCURRED AS A RESULT OF THE USE OF ANY CONTENT POSTED, TRANSMITTED, OR OTHERWISE MADE AVAILABLE VIA THE APP. WE DO NOT WARRANT, ENDORSE, GUARANTEE, OR ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE ADVERTISED OR OFFERED BY A THIRD PARTY THROUGH THE APP, ANY HYPERLINKED WEBAPP, OR ANY WEBAPP OR MOBILE APPLICATION FEATURED IN ANY BANNER OR OTHER ADVERTISING, AND WE WILL NOT BE A PARTY TO OR IN ANY WAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR MONITORING ANY TRANSACTION BETWEEN YOU AND ANY THIRD-PARTY PROVIDERS OF PRODUCTS OR SERVICES. AS WITH THE PURCHASE OF A PRODUCT OR SERVICE THROUGH ANY MEDIUM OR IN ANY ENVIRONMENT, YOU SHOULD USE YOUR BEST JUDGMENT AND EXERCISE CAUTION WHERE APPROPRIATE.
LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY
IN NO EVENT WILL WE OR OUR DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, OR AGENTS BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFIT, LOST REVENUE, LOSS OF DATA, OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING FROM YOUR USE OF THE APP, EVEN IF WE HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY CONTAINED HEREIN, OUR LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ANY CAUSE WHATSOEVER AND REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF THE ACTION, WILL AT ALL TIMES BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT PAID, IF ANY, BY YOU TO US DURING THE SIX (6) MONTH PERIOD PRIOR TO ANY CAUSE OF ACTION ARISING. CERTAIN US STATE LAWS AND INTERNATIONAL LAWS DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF CERTAIN DAMAGES. IF THESE LAWS APPLY TO YOU, SOME OR ALL OF THE ABOVE DISCLAIMERS OR LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU, AND YOU MAY HAVE ADDITIONAL RIGHTS.
We will maintain certain data that you transmit to the Website for the purpose of managing the performance of the Website, as well as data relating to your use of the Website. Although we perform regular routine backups of data, you are solely responsible for all data that you transmit or that relates to any activity you have undertaken using the Website. You agree that we shall have no liability to you for any loss or corruption of any such data, and you hereby waive any right of action against us arising from any such loss or corruption of such data.
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS, TRANSACTIONS, AND SIGNATURES
Visiting the Website, sending us emails, and completing online forms constitute electronic communications. You consent to receive electronic communications, and you agree that all agreements, notices, disclosures, and other communications we provide to you electronically, via email and on the Website, satisfy any legal requirement that such communication be in writing. YOU HEREBY AGREE TO THE USE OF ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES, CONTRACTS, ORDERS, AND OTHER RECORDS, AND TO ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF NOTICES, POLICIES, AND RECORDS OF TRANSACTIONS INITIATED OR COMPLETED BY US OR VIA THE APP. You hereby waive any rights or requirements under any statutes, regulations, rules, ordinances, or other laws in any jurisdiction which require an original signature or delivery or retention of non-electronic records, or to payments or the granting of credits by any means other than electronic means.
In order to resolve a complaint regarding the Website or to receive further information regarding use of the Website, please contact us at: email@example.com
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The Arc of Opportunity has an Equal Employment Opportunity policy and follows practices designed to prevent discrimination and provide opportunities to all employees and job candidates regardless of race, color, sex, national origin, citizenship, age, marital status, disability, veteran status, sexual preference or any other characteristic protected by federal, state, or local law.
To help us comply with government record keeping requirements, we would appreciate your completing the following form. You are not required to provide this information. If you choose not to provide the information, it will not jeopardize or adversely affect any consideration you may receive for employment.
This data will be kept confidential, and only be used in accordance with applicable state and federal laws and regulations.


Animals on the Bus
Small pets traveling on LTD must be kept in an approved pet carrier that fully contains your pet. Your pet must remain inside the carrier, and the carrier must be kept closed while on LTD property and traveling on LTD buses. The carrier must be small enough to carry on your lap or stored under your seat while riding. If you have questions about your pet carrier contact LTD’s Customer Service Center at 541-687-5555 (7-1-1 TTY).
Service animals that have been trained, or are in training to perform a specific task to assist with a disability are welcome aboard. Under the Americans with Disabilities Act, LTD can ask if your animal is a service animal, and what task your animal has been trained to perform for you. Your animal must:
- Be individually trained to do work or perform a task related specifically to your disability;
- As required by law, be licensed/registered with the city and/or county in which the animal resides as proof of vaccination and ownership. Licensing tags must be available with your animal;
- Be on a leash, under voice command if your disability prevents the use of a leash, or be in a container (birds, reptiles, amphibians, and rodents must be kept within an enclosed carrier or container);
- Be under your control so as not to present a threat to the safety of other passengers, services animals, or LTD employees;
- Lay at your feet or in your lap, but not in the aisle or on the seat;
- Not act aggressively toward or interact with other people or other animals;
- Not interfere with the work of other service animals, thereby presenting a threat to the safety of that service animal’s handler; and
- Be reasonably clean and groomed.
Service Animal Paw Print Program
Lane Transit District also has a voluntary program aimed at easing the boarding process for riders with service animals.
The service animal paw print program allows riders to receive a paw print symbol on their rider card. While it is not any form of service animal certification, it shows drivers that the rider has already been asked what task their service animal has been trained to perform, and doesn’t need to be asked again. When getting on the bus, all the rider has to do is show their card for an even faster boarding experience. Anyone with a service animal can come to the downtown Eugene station to learn more about the program or participate.
Ordinarily, passengers should expect to be asked about the status of their animal and what task it is trained to perform. This can be an inconvenience for frequent riders. The voluntary paw print program benefits both transit riders and bus drivers by minimizing any unnecessary barriers to boarding, while still allowing anyone who chooses to bring their service animal without a rider card.
The service animal paw print program began as a pilot project made possible with the support from the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT). LTD and ODOT hope this program may become a model for other transit agencies across the nation, and have summarized our experiences in the report below.


Terms and Conditions
This contract is made between Merimoi Press [“Artist/Designer/MP”] and Client [“Project Coordinator/Client”] for the purpose of designing and illustrating artwork [“Image(s)”] for the Client. The Client and Editor (if applicable) may be referred to herein individually as a “Party” or collectively as the “Parties”. This contract is entered into in good faith and upon completion of order, indicates acceptance of this contract and the terms described herein.
A timeline and estimated completion date will be sent to you via email. Merimoi Press will strive to work within this timeline, but it is important for the Client to also cooperate in a timely manner. MP will not be responsible for not meeting deadlines due to delayed Client action or response.
Custom Pricing Quotes
Quotes and estimates are valid for thirty (30) days. Merimoi Press reserves the right to change prices after the thirty (30) day window. Pricing changes may be affected by an increase or decrease in supplier, service and/or production costs.
MP retains all rights to use the preliminary and completed designs/artwork created by Artist for this Image(s). All Images and rights relating to them, including copyright and ownership rights in the media in which the Images are stored, remain the sole and exclusive property of the Artist. The Artist does not give the Client permission to reproduce the Images and/or final product.
It is the client’s responsibility to carefully review proofs for any error. That includes: spelling, layout, grammar, website URLS, phone numbers, directions, etc. Once the client gives the final approval any errors are corrected at the client’s expense.
Custom Rush Orders
Orders may be considered RUSH if they are needed within a four (4) week turnaround. Rush orders are accepted depending on availability and the requirements of the project. Rush orders will add a charge of 15% to your order total.
All changes, and additions (such as invitation count) must be made two (2) weeks prior to the printing date. This does not apply to special arrangements, or any other last minute agreement/sale. Three rounds of design changes are included. Once we reach your fifth (5th) proof (your 4th round of design changes), a fee of $25 per additional round will be applied to your order. Any text changes related to COVID-19 (i.e. date/venue change) will be free of charge prior to the printing date.
Returns & Cancellations
If there is a need to cancel your order, please contact MP right away. If your final approval has not been received and your project has not gone into production, you are responsible for your deposit and any materials that have been purchased. If your project has gone into the production process you are responsible for the entire amount as stated in your contract. Because of the personalization of custom stationery, custom orders are non-refundable, without exception. Every effort is made to assure your satisfaction.
Unused and unopened non-custom products may be returned within 30 days of receipt for a full refund less the original shipping cost. Customers are responsible for any return shipping costs. Used, opened, and/or final sale items cannot be returned. Framed art prints are final sale and cannot be returned.
If you wish to return an item that was gifted to you, please contact email@example.com
Once we receive the returned item(s), we will credit your original method of payment excluding non-refundable shipping costs as soon as possible. Please note refunds may take 2-3 weeks to process and show on your account due to varying processing times between payment providers.
MP will provide a tracking number once the product(s) have been shipped. MP is not responsible for any damages incurred during shipping and/or mailing or invitations that are not delivered. Any shipping charges will be added to the final invoice.
In the event of any dispute, claim, question, or disagreement arising from or relating to this agreement or the breach thereof, the parties hereto shall use their best efforts to settle the dispute, claim, question, or disagreement. To this effect, the Parties shall consult and negotiate with each other in good faith and, recognizing their mutual interests, attempt to reach a just and equitable solution satisfactory to both parties. If they do not reach such solution within a period of thirty (30) days, then, upon notice by either party to the other, all disputes, claims, questions, or differences shall be finally settled by arbitration administered by the American Arbitration Association in accordance with the provisions of its Commercial Arbitration Rules.
The terms of this agreement shall be interpreted according to the laws and legal jurisdiction of the State of Minnesota, USA.
The Artist and Client have executed this contract on the day and year the order was completed, to be effective immediately.


In this day and age, it is essential to protect your rights in several circumstances. Understanding when you require the specialist solutions of a lawyer is very important because numerous situations basically demand it. Working with a attorney will generally cost you a large sum depending on the intricacy as well as time required of your scenario, so it is smart to understand when you actually need legal solutions.
If you have been jailed or are being taken legal action against, get in touch with a attorney promptly. These sorts of circumstances are very reduced and also dry in terms of whether you need lawful assistance. However, there are many of factors besides existing lawful issues that could be reason to work with a attorney. For instance, if you are taking into consideration firing a trouble employee from your organisation, you might wish to speak with a lawyer before you find yourself involved in a suit.
If you're uncertain if you need lawful suggestions or help, a good inquiry to ask on your own is what have you reached shed? If the response is cash, flexibility, or other civil liberties, then getting a attorney is a sensible choice. Once again, you may not be prepared rather yet to employ a lawyer for your situation, but at least speaking with one on your rights is a sensible decision. For instance, if you remain in the procedure of obtaining an amicable divorce, you might wish to consult a attorney to see what a knockout post your civil liberties are yet not necessarily get one entailed.
Prior to getting in touch with a attorney, you need to recognize the range of your situation. There are various sorts of lawyers, each handling distinct sorts of lawful problems and scenarios. While many will immediately allow you know if you need to contact another person, it is a good concept to have a understanding on whose competence it is you need. There are a lot of online resources to assist you choose what kind of legal representative you require.
If you assume you may require a attorney, it is crucial that you act rapidly. Specific scenarios are very time delicate, such as demanding injuries suffered in an mishap. There is a specific quantity of time you need to file a legal action, so even if you're not sure what your course of action should be, getting in touch with a legal representative is smart. They can help guide you in the ideal direction as well as allow you understand if they think you have a strong situation.
The lawful globe can be really complex, frustrating, and frightening to a number of us. Comprehending what your legal rights are is the primary step in resolving any problem, whether it's criminal, service associated, or anything in between. Locating a certified lawyer is the very best way to make sure somebody is fighting for your legal rights.


When a child turns three, the public schools are required to provide special education and related services to eligible children. If your child has a disability and has been determined to be eligible, he/she can receive special education and related services in kindergarten. The laws are meant to make sure that young children with disabilities are provided a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) that meets their individual needs. (Special education services for very young children – up to age three – are provided through Connecticut’s Birth to Three System.) Early childhood special education and related services like speech/language, occupational, and physical therapies are required by the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) for all eligible three-, four-, and five-year-olds.
If you have concerns about your child’s development, you can contact your local school district and request a free developmental screening and/or diagnostic evaluation to determine if he/she may have a disability and may be eligible for special education and/or related services.
General recommendations for successful transition to kindergarten may be even more important for children with disabilities.
The recommendations for a successful transition to kindergarten that are made throughout this toolkit are recommended for all children but may be even more important for children with disabilities given their special needs. Those general recommendations include the following.
- Attention to the transition should begin at least a year before kindergarten and be a gradual and ongoing process.
- Families should be involved in all activities leading up to and throughout the transition.
- You and your child should have opportunities to visit the school, the classroom, and meet the teacher, principal, and other school staff. These activities should be planned to meet your child’s needs. For example, doing everything at once, might be too stressful or overstimulating and should perhaps be spread out in a gradual way that would be more comfortable for you and your child.
The Connecticut Parent Advocacy Center (CPAC) is a statewide nonprofit organization that offers information and support to families of children with disabilities or chronic illness. The Center is committed to the idea that parents can be the most effective advocates for their children. CPAC is an excellent resource for information on special education law and much more.


Connecticut property taxes varies by town. How to calculate property taxes in Connecticut? Each town sets its own mill rate which is the multiplier used to determine Property Taxes. To calculate property taxes in Connecticut, you need to know the Assessed Value of the property and the mill rate.
What makes up the Assessed Value?
The Assessed value of a property is 70% of the appraised value. The appraised value of the property is the price of the property set by the town. By law, towns must assess properties to 70% of appraised value or fair market value (CGS 12-62a (b)) Usually Town Assessors will determine this by comparing the values of comparable properties and will send an inspector to physically inspect the property. By law, towns are required to revalue properties at least once every 5 years (CGS 12-62b(1)). As an example, there was a recent revaluation in Greenwich and I recently got a visitor from the Town Assessor’s office. The inspector came to conduct an inspection of my property by walking the exterior of my home. As a result, my property was reassessed because the inspector found a discrepancy in the square footage of my house.
The appraised value is composed of the Land Value and the Building Improvements. Both of these adds up to total the Appraised value. Then the appraised value is multiplied by 70% and that becomes the assessed value.
What is the Mill Rate?
Mill rates are adjusted every year by the town. Most towns publish their mill rates in May. For example in Greenwich, the Board of Estimate and Taxation sets the mill rate in May of every year which is similar to New Canaan where the Board of Finance sets the mill rate in May.
A mill represents $1 for every $1000 in assessed property value. For example, Greenwich has a mill rate of 11.369 mills which means a home with a $1,000,000 assessed value has a property tax of $7,500 a year. Every town sets its own Mill rate.
Here are the 2018 Fiscal Year Mill Rates:
- Darien 16.16
- Greenwich 11.369
- New Canaan 16.669
- Norwalk 25.682
- Redding 29.62
- Ridgefield 27.21
- Stamford 25.59-26.89
- Weston 28.91
- Westport 16.86
- Wilton 27.7685
As you can see, Greenwich has the lowest mill rate while Weston and Redding has one of the highest mill rates in Lower Fairfield County.
How to Calculate Property Taxes in Connecticut?
This is how to calculate property taxes in Connecticut. First take the 100% appraised value of the property and multiply by 70% to get the assessed value. Then you multiply the assessed value of the property by the mill rate and divide by 1,000. For example, a property with a 100% appraised value of $2,000,000 in Greenwich will have property tax of $15,916.60.
Take 70% of Appraised Value: $2,000,000 x 0.70= 1,400,000
Multiply Assessed Value by Mill Rate: $1,400,000 x 11.369= $15,916,600
Divide by 1000: $15,916,600/1000= $15,916.60
As you can see, calculating property taxes in Connecticut is pretty straight forward and definitely not as complicated as computing Westchester property taxes.
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By interacting with a Membership as a License Partner or Client of Avalon Life S.A. you:
Accept and warrant that you have an understanding of the usage and intricacies of cryptographic tokens, such as BTC (Bitcoin) and other blockchain-based software systems;
Accept and warrant that you are legally permitted to Generate Cryptocurrencies in your jurisdiction;
Accept and warrant that you waive your right to participate in a class action lawsuit or a wide-reaching arbitration againstAvalon Life S.A or any entity affiliated.;
Accept and warrant that you take sole responsibility for any restrictions and risks associated with the Generation of mined Coins as explained on the risks section below;
Accept and warrant that you are not exchanging Cryptocurrencies for the purpose of speculative investment;
Accept and warrant that you are not exchanging Cryptocurrencies for any illegal purpose within your jurisdiction;
Accept and warrant that you understand that there is no guarantee whatsoever on cryptocoins, mining express or implied, to the extent permitted by law, and that Cryptocurrencies are Created on an "as is" basis.
The Creation of partnership (license partner or client) carries with it a significant risk. Prior to agreeing, carefully consider the exemplary and non-exhaustive list of risks set forth below and, to the extent necessary, consult a lawyer, accountant, and/or tax professionals prior to agreeing to a Membership of Avalon Life S.A.
1. Risk of Faintness in the generation of Coinspertaining blockchain, and/or the Cryptocurrency
The Mining software is itself based on a proven platform: There is a risk that, as an open source project, any contributor to the Network couldinadvertentlyintroduce weaknesses or bugs into the software, causing the loss of mined Coins in one or more or even all of the Avalon Life Holder accounts.
2. Risk of unforeseen attack vectors
The field of Digital Cryptocurrency and Cryptography is very new and for this reason, there is a risk of unforeseen attacks both in terms of the underlying cryptographic protocol that backs the functioning of the generated Coin, as well as interest of accessing to the wallets where the mined coins are stored. Both these vectors represent a risk that could lead the loss of the used Crytocurrencies in one or more or even all of the Avalon Life Holder's accounts even though Avalon Life S.A. will always use all of its technologic capability to avoid this from happening.
3. Regulatory risks
Blockchain technology, Mining and Cryptocurrencies are allowing new forms of interactions between individuals and/or companies, some of them are still to be imagined and implemented. Like with the appearance of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, it is very likely that specific regulations will be set in different jurisdictions targeting blockchain technology and mining. These regulations may or may not bepartner-friendly and some might even forbid any relationships between an individual or company and Avalon Life S.A.
No party involved with the generation of mined cryptocurrencies makes any representations concerning the tax implications of the Generation of Cryptocoins or the possession or use of Cryptocurrencies. You bear the sole responsibility to determine if the Creation of any Crypto mined Coin or holded Cryptocurrency or the potential appreciation or depreciation in the value over time has tax implications for you in your home jurisdiction.
You Create Cryptocoins with your own actions based on the purchase of mining power. To the extent permitted by law, Third Parties or Individuals associated with the Generation of them are not liable for any tax liability associated with or arising from the Generation of Cryptocoins.
Disclaimer of Warranties
THE USER EXPRESSLY AGREES THAT HE/SHE IS CREATING CRYPTOCOINS AT THE USER'S SOLE RISK AND THAT MINED CRYPTOCOOINS ARE GENERATED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS WITHOUT WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, WARRANTIES OF TITLE OR IMPLIED PLEDGES, MERCHANTABILITY OR FIT FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (EXCEPT ONLY TO THE EXTENT PROHIBITED UNDER APPLICABLE LAW WITH ANY LEGALLY REQUIRED WARRANTY PERIOD TO THE SHORTER OF THIRTY DAYS FROM FIRST USE OR THE MINIMUM PERIOD REQUIRED).
WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING, NONE OF THIRD PARTIES OR INDIVIDUALS ASSOCIATED WITH THEGENERATION WARRANT THAT THE PROCESS FOR PURCHASING CRYPTOCOIN WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR-FREE.
Limitations Waiver of Liability
YOU ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY ANY APPLICABLE LAW, YOU WILL NOT HOLD THIRD PARTIES OR INDIVIDUALS ASSOCIATED WITH AVALON LIFE S.A. LIABLE FOR ANY AND ALL DAMAGES OR INJURY WHATSOEVER CAUSED BY OR RELATED TO USE OF, OR INABILITY TO USE, CRYPTOCURRENCIES OR THE AVALON PLATFORM UNDER ANY CAUSE OR ACTION WHATSOEVER OF ANY KIND IN ANY JURISDICTION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ACTIONS FOR BREACH OF WARRANTY, BREACH OF CONTRACT OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) AND THAT NONE OF THE THIRD PARTIES OR INDIVIDUALS ASSOCIATED WITH AVALON LIFE S.A. SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, GOODWILL OR DATA, IN ANY WAY WHATSOEVER ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF, OR INABILITY TO USE, OR CREATION OF, OR INABILITY TO GENERATE CRYPTOCURRENCIES.
YOU FURTHER SPECIFICALLY ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THE THIRD PARTIES OR INDIVIDUALS ASSOCIATED WITH AVALON LIFE S.A. ARE NOT LIABLE, AND YOU AGREE NOT TO SEEK TO HOLD ANY OF THE THIRD PARTIES OR INDIVIDUALS ASSOCIATED WITH AVALON LIFE S.A. LIABLE, FOR THE CONDUCT OF THIRD PARTIES, INCLUDING OTHER CREATORS OF CRYPTOCURRENCIES, AND THAT THE RISK OF CREATING AND USING CRYPTOCOINS RESTS ENTIRELY WITH YOU


His principal was subject to a FOS complaint about alleged mis-selling of a UCIS investment product; the main issue revolving around the suitability of the product against the complainant’s risk profile. The principal’s professional indemnity insurance cover had a UCIS exclusion. The complaint was upheld at adjudicator level and, then again, by an Ombudsman with the award nearing the FOS limit. Our client was consulted at all times throughout both the complaint and the FOS process by his principal.
Following the FOS process being exhausted (there being no realistic grounds for arguing that there should be a judicial review), our client was served with notice to pay the totality of the FOS award under the indemnity in his agreement.
We resisted the indemnity claim on the basis that (i) any shortcomings in the suitability process were attributable to systems and controls/compliance failures within the company and (ii) in any event, there was an implied term in our client’s appointed representative agreement that the principal would effect adequate PI cover which our client would have the benefit of. Accordingly, we did not believe that our client had any liability over and above the policy excess.
The matter became extremely contentious and, following threats of legal proceedings (met with threats of our client making a counterclaim) the matter was dropped by the principal without our client having to meet any liability.


Request for Funding Proposal (RFP)
Attention applicants: the form is now available as a word document.
The Alabama Community College System (ACCS), Adult Education Division (AE) is requesting proposals for funding from eligible providers to develop, implement, and improve adult education and literacy activities within the State by establishing or operating programs to provide a comprehensive service model for adult education and literacy services, including programs that provide such activities concurrently. This funding is made available through the Workforce Innovation Opportunity Act (WIOA), Title II, Adult Education and Family Literacy Act (AEFLA). The Request for Proposal (RFP), instructions and general information apply to all of the following grant opportunities:
- Adult Education & Family Literacy Act (AEFLA), WIOA, Section 231
- Integrated English Literacy and Civics Education (IELCE), WIOA, Section 243
An organization must be considered an eligible provider to receive federal adult basic education funding. An “eligible provider” is defined as an organization that has demonstrated effectiveness in providing adult education and literacy activities. These organizations may include, but are not limited to (as provided in WIOA Title II Section 203(5): 34 CFR 463.23):
- A local educational agency,
- A community-based organization or faith-based organization,
- A volunteer literacy organization,
- An institution of higher education,
- A public or private nonprofit agency,
- A library,
- A corrections or institutionalized agency,
- A public housing authority,
- A nonprofit institution not described in (a) through (g) of this section and has the ability to provide adult education and literacy activities to eligible individuals,
- A consortium or coalition of the agencies, organizations, institutions, libraries, or authorities described in (a) through (h) of this section; and
- A partnership between an employer and an entity described (a) through (j) of this section.
|Release of RFP to prospective entities||February 24, 2021|
|Bidder’s Webinar||March 5, 2021|
|Deadline: Grant Proposals due to ACCS, Adult Education Division||April 5, 2021 4:00pm CST|
|Review of Proposals by Local Workforce Development Boards and Review Committee (ACCS AE has a process in place for the WDB Board Review. ACCS AE will forward all proposals to the WDBs for review, based on the internal process found on the RFP website.)||April 5, 2021 – May 7, 2021|
|Deadline: LWDBs and Review Committee Results – comments to AE||May 7, 2021|
|AE conducts final review and makes final determination for awarding funding||May 7 – 21, 2021|
|Official Competition Result Notification to all Applicants||May 21, 2021|
|WIOA Adult Education Grant Period Begins||October 1, 2021|
Bidder’s Conference Webinar
The purpose of the Bidder’s Conference is to answer questions to clarify the RFP requirements and provide supplemental information to assist potential eligible applicants in submitting responses to the RFP. While the conference is not mandatory, interested parties are strongly encouraged to participate.
March 5, 2021, 9:30AM – 11:30 AM, Central Standard Time
Meeting ID: 992 9270 2089One tap mobile+13017158592,,99292702089# US (Washington DC)+13126266799,,99292702089# US (Chicago)
Preparing and Submitting the Application
Proposal Submission Requirements:
Applicants must submit four (4) complete copies of the RFP package.
- One (1) electronic copy emailed in PDF format to firstname.lastname@example.org
- Three (3) paper copies bearing original signatures in BLUE Ink
Mail Paper Copies to:
Alabama Community College System
Adult Education Division
Attn: David Walters
135 S Union St.
Montgomery, AL 36104
Deadline for Submission is April 5, 2021, no later than 4:00 p.m. CT
Proposals must be submitted in the format and content specified in these instructions.
- The signature page must include original signatures of the lead organization/fiscal agent.
- No hand written proposals will be accepted.
- Incomplete proposal packages will not be considered.


La Alta Comisionada de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos, Navi Pillay, hoy presentó un innovador informe sobre la violencia y discriminación por razones de orientación sexual al Panel sobre la eliminación de la violencia y discriminación contra individuos por razones de su orientación sexual o identidad de género, en la sesión No. 19 del Consejo de Derechos Humanos.
Lea la declaración de la Alta Comisionada al presentar su informe (discurso en inglés abajo).
Statement by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay to the Panel on ending violence and discrimination against individuals on the basis of their sexual orientation and gender identity at the Human Rights Council 19th Session
Geneva, 7 March 2012
I am pleased to present my study on discriminatory laws and practices and acts of violence against individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity. In doing so, I am conscious of the divergent view both within and outside the Council on the rights of individuals based on sexual orientation and gender identity. However, I am certain that none among you will be willing to tolerate serious, systematic violations of human rights against them.
The Secretary-General says he didn’t grow up talking about these issues. The same may be true for a number of us here today. Like the Secretary-General, we are in the process of educating ourselves. But it is time to acknowledge that, while we have been talking of other things, terrible violence and discrimination has been perpetrated against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people.
This Council stood up for the rights of all when, last June, States from all regions joined together to adopt resolution 17/19 expressing “grave concern at acts of violence and discrimination, in all regions of the world, committed against individuals because of their sexual orientation and gender identity.”
By the same resolution, the Council requested me to prepare a study “to document discriminatory laws and practices and acts of violence against individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity, in all regions of the world”, and to examine “how international human rights law can be used to end violence and related human rights violations based on sexual orientation and gender identity.”
That study, prepared by my Office, is before you today. The study starts by recalling the principles of universality, equality and non-discrimination, and setting out the applicable international standards and the obligations of States under international human rights law. It then describes some forms of violence including killings, rape, torture and other forms of cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, as well as provisions for asylum for those fleeing persecution on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity.
The study considers discriminatory laws particularly with regard to three areas: laws criminalizing same-sex sexual relations between consenting adults, application of the death penalty, and arbitrary arrest and detention. It goes on to describe some discriminatory practices in areas such as employment; health care and education as well as restrictions on freedom of expression, association and assembly; discriminatory practices in the family and community; and the denial of recognition of relationships and related access to State and other benefits. The study also refers to some of the emerging responses recorded at a national level, and offers some conclusions and recommendations.
With regard to its method, the study draws on almost two decades worth of jurisprudence and documented material gathered by United Nations human rights treaty bodies and special rapporteurs. It also integrates findings of regional organizations and data from some national authorities and NGOs.
What emerges from all of the material we gathered is a pattern—a clear pattern of targeted violence and discrimination directed at people because they are, or are perceived to be LGBT. It is a pattern too-long overlooked by many States, and one that this Council has a duty to address.
Let me touch now, briefly, on the three main areas of focus of our study, starting with violence.
The first point to note is that violence against LGBT persons takes place in all regions. Commonly-reported incidents include: targeted killings, violent assaults, and acts of torture, including sexual violence. Official statistics are scarce. Many States lack systems for recording and reporting hate crimes against LGBT people. Others may have systems in place but police officers lack the appropriate training to deal with victims and recognize and properly record the motive for these attacks. We also know that in many cases the victims are reluctant to come forward to report incidents because of lack of trust in law enforcement.
But wherever we have figures, they consistently show startlingly high levels of violence and brutality. This is corroborated by reports of many hundreds of individual incidents brought to the attention of special procedures.
We have reports of gay men attacked by assailants shouting homophobic insults, left for dead in the street. Lesbians subjected to gang rape, sometimes characterized as so-called “corrective rape”. Transgender persons sexually assaulted and stoned to death, their bodies so disfigured as to be rendered virtually unrecognizable. And we have information on abuse carried out in police and prison cells – including cases of a lesbian couple beaten by police officers and sexually assaulted, and a transgender woman, placed in an all-male prison and raped more than 100 times, sometimes with the complicity of prison officials.
When such incidents are targeted, when they are part of a systematic pattern of violence, as they are in this context, then they constitute a grave human rights challenge to which this Council has a responsibility to respond.
In accordance with resolution 17/19, we also, in our study, address discriminatory laws. An immediate area of concern is laws that criminalize individuals on the basis of their sexual orientation or gender identity. At least 76 countries retain laws that either explicitly criminalize same-sex relations between consenting adults, or contain vague prohibitions that are applied in a discriminatory way to prosecute LGBT people.
These laws are an anachronism, in many cases a relic of colonial rule. As the Human Rights Committee has confirmed repeatedly, they breach international human rights law, violating rights to privacy and to freedom from discrimination. They also cause enormous, unnecessary suffering, reinforce stigma, fuel violence, and undermine efforts to fight the spread of HIV/AIDS.
The study also documents a range of discriminatory practices that affect the ability of individuals to enjoy their human rights in their everyday lives. In the workplace, for example, where employers may fire or refuse to hire or promote someone simply because they are gay or lesbian, and where employee benefits may be subject to discriminatory limitations. In schools, where children as young as eight or nine are subjected to homophobic harassment, intimidation and physical attack. Many of these bullied children become isolated, depressed and drop out of school; some end up committing suicide. And in hospitals and other healthcare facilities, where discriminatory attitudes are also present and where transgender and intersex people are especially poorly served.
States often make it difficult for transgender persons to obtain official papers that reflect their preferred gender – without which, many are forced to live on the margins of society, excluded from employment, healthcare, education and other basic rights.
Even within some families, discrimination runs rife: adolescent children thrown out of home, disowned by their own parents, forced out of school or into psychiatric centres. Girls forced into marriage or pregnancy in an attempt to “cover up” their sexual orientation or, conversely, young women forced to relinquish their children when their sexuality becomes known. Even reports of so-called “honour killings” of gay sons and lesbian daughters.
And when human rights defenders speak out, they too face discriminatory restrictions. NGOs working on LGBT issues have had their offices raided, their licences revoked or refused, requests to hold public meetings and marches rejected.
I know some will resist what we are saying. They may argue that homosexuality and expressions of transgender identity conflict with local cultural or traditional values, or with religious teachings, or that they run counter to public opinion.
We should not dismiss these concerns but listen carefully, focus on the violations, and try to make headway in spite of the difficulties. As always, people are entitled to their opinion. They are free to disapprove of same-sex relationships, for example. They have an absolute right to believe – and to follow in their own lives – whatever religious teachings they choose.
But that is as far as it goes. The balance between tradition and culture, on the one hand, and universal human rights, on the other, must be struck in favour of rights. That much is clear from the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, which states, and I quote:
“While the significance of national and regional particularities and various historical, cultural and religious backgrounds must be borne in mind, it is the duty of States, regardless of their political, economic and cultural systems, to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms.”
No personal opinion, no religious belief, no matter how deeply held or widely shared, can ever justify depriving another human being of his or her basic rights. And that is what we are discussing here: depriving certain individuals of their human rights – taking away their right to life and security of person, their rights to privacy, to freedom from arbitrary detention, torture and discrimination, to freedom of expression, association and peaceful assembly.
The study before you includes practical recommendations aimed at bringing national laws and practice into line with international standards, while also tackling discriminatory attitudes at the roots. I will restrict myself here to highlighting three proposals for action.
One is to improve State responses to homophobic and transphobic violence. Wherever such violence takes place, it should be recorded and reported by trained law enforcement officials. All such incidents warrant thorough investigation and action to prosecute and punish those responsible.
Second, States should change discriminatory laws that treat people as criminals on the basis of their sexual orientation or gender identity. In their place, we need new laws that provide adequate legal protection to people at risk of homophobic or transphobic discrimination.
Third, we should recognize that underlying all of this violence and discrimination is prejudice. We know from experience that you don’t eliminate prejudice by changing the law alone; you must change people’s hearts and minds as well.
Like millions of other South Africans of my generation, I grew up with prejudice around me. I know that it takes time, patience and persuasion to tackle it. But in the end, my life has taught me that ignorance and bigotry are no match for the power of education. Over time, as people start to talk with one another, they will overcome their discomfort. As they start to focus on facts not fear, prejudice will start to ebb away. States can speed up the process with effective public information campaigns that challenge homophobia and negative stereotypes.
It is not easy but we have done it before. The story of the United Nations is a story of progress in the fight against discrimination. It is a story that is incomplete, as we continue to work to make good on the promise enshrined in our Universal Declaration: a world where “all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.”
Today we all have an opportunity to begin together a new chapter dedicated to ending violence and discrimination against all people, irrespective of their sexual orientation and gender identity. It is an historic moment for this Council and for the United Nations.
The report can be accessed at: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session19/A-HRC-19-41_en.pdf
For more information or for media requests please contact Charles Radcliffe (+1 917 325 1292 / firstname.lastname@example.org) or spokesperson Rupert Colville (+41 22 917 9767 / email@example.com ) or press officer Ravina Shamdasani (+ 41 22 917 9310 / firstname.lastname@example.org)


One million UK employers have enrolled staff into a workplace pension, helping more than 9 million employees save towards a more financially secure retirement.
If you have been automatically enrolled in your employers workplace pension scheme, you may be in for surprise from today. The start of the new tax year will see workers minimum contributions into auto-enrolment pensions triple from 1% to 3%
Under automatic enrolment, minimum pension contributions are required to increase over time. This happens on specific dates and will have been advised when you, as a member of staff when you were automatically enrolled. There are no additional duties for employers to advise members about the increases.
Minimum contribution increases
Auto-enrolment pensions began with modest contributions: 1% from the employee including tax relief and 1% from the employer. To afford a decent retirement, the government has always said that rates need to rise. The table below demonstrates the phases of contribution increases, with the employer paying only their minimum, and the staff contribution.
Source: The Pensions Regulator
By law, on 6th April, employers must have increased the amount of their minimum contributions into their staffs automatic enrolment pension to at least 2% of qualifying earnings, with the employee contributing 3%. Both the employer and staff member can choose to contribute greater amounts to the pension if they wish. From April next year, the rates will rise again: 5% from the employee, and 3% from the employer.
Can I opt out?
Workers have three choices:
1. Continue paying in at the new higher rate
2. Opt out of a pension altogether
3. Opt to continue paying in at the old rate
The last option is known as opting down. As far as the rules are concerned, this means that your employer is no longer obliged to make any contribution at all.
Source: The Pensions Regulator/BBC News 5/4/18


Brett Rogers Arrested and Charged with Domestic Violence
Major-league Mixed Martial Artist and Apple Valley, Minn. resident Brett Rogers was arrested and jailed in connection with assaulting his wife Wednesday in their south metro home. She was reportedly strangled, punched repeatedly in the head and face and lost a tooth in the struggle.
Brett Charles Rogers, 30, has been charged with assault in the third degree, domestic assault by strangulation and pattern of stalking conduct -- all felonies --in Dakota County. He was also charged with endangerment of a child, a gross misdemeanor.


The state House of Assembly has passed a resolution commending the Anambra state security Chiefs for their support to Governor Willie Obiano in making Anambra the safest state in the country .
The resolution was sequel to a motion sponsored by the member representing Ayamelum Constituency , Mr. Uchenna Okafor, and others during yesterday’s plenary.
The security Chiefs commended by the House are Cornel I.U Akpan of 302 Artillery Regiment Onitsha , navy captain Kadiru Mohammed of Naval Output Onitsha, John Ahwan of Civil Defence Corps, Sule Momodu of Drug law Enforcement Agency, Sunday Ajayi of Federal Road Safety Commission, CP Garba Umar of Nigeria Police, Yusuf Ishaku of Department of State Services, Mrs Audu of Nigeria Immigration , Barrister Nwakaeze of Nigeria prisons.
Moving the motion , Mr. Okafor explained that the synergy and good working relationship that exist amongst these security Chiefs has helped the state government in combating crime in the state, thereby making Anambra secure .
Supporting the motion, the member representing Njikoka Constituency Two, Dr. Pete Ibida , extolled the security Chiefs for championing the security interest of the people and making Anambra the safest state in Nigeria in collaboration with Governor Obiano .
On his part, the member representing Anambra East Constituency , Chief Obinna Emeneka , noted that the sacrifices made by Governor Obiano and the security Chief in the area of security has created a conducive environment for residents of the state to exercise their fundamental human rights.
In their contributions, the member representing Idemili South Constituency Barrister Chuka Ezenwune, his Orumba South Constituency Counterpart, Princess Nikky Ugochukwu and the member for Awka South Constituency One, Dr Nnamdi Okafor, expressed happiness that Anambra state has recorded influx of investors which has created employment opportunities for many youths because the state is secured for investment .
Speaker of the House, Barrister Rita Maduagwu, described the motion as apt and read out the resolution of the House.


Living in a Housing Cooperative
As a cooperative homeowner, you have certain rights and responsibilities. These are outlined in your cooperative's documents, which typically include the articles of incorporation, bylaws, proprietary lease or occupancy agreement, subscription agreement, and house rules. As a shareholder, you have a right to elect board members, to remove board members, and to amend the bylaws. You also have the responsibility to pay your monthly charges on time as well as follow all other rules and regulations of the cooperative.
Here are some commonly asked questions from residents in housing cooperatives:
Do I need homeowners insurance?
Yes, you need a special policy (HO-6), which is similar to renter's insurance. Your co-op generally carries a blanket insurance policy that covers damage to the cooperative's property from fire, water, or other disasters. However, this policy generally does not cover any damage to personal belonging inside your unit. Additional insurance is recommended to cover your personal possessions and for your personal liability in the event of an accident in your home.
How do property tax deductions work for cooperative homeowners?
Co-op housing residents have the same potential tax benefits as other homeowners, including taking their share of the mortgage interest and real estate taxes as a deduction on Schedule A of their 1040 federal income tax return. The deduction can be substantial, but only if your co-op is able to pass the deduction on to its members (complicated rules apply to co-ops with substantial commercial income), and you itemize your deductions on your tax return. If your co-op is able to pass through the deduction, you should receive notification from them of the amount by January 31st of each year. Section 216 is the section of the Internal Revenue Code that allows the pass-though of mortgage interest and real property tax deductions from the cooperative housing corporation to the shareholders. You can find more information about it on the IRS website.
Am I responsible for capital gains taxes when I sell my membership/share?
By act of Congress, co-op shareholders are treated the same as single family homeowners when they sell. If your co-op has been your primary residence for two of the five years prior to selling, the first $250,000 ($500,000 if married) of gain is excluded from federal income tax. You can use the exclusion more than once.
Similar to single family homeowners, if, for some reason, you do not meet the residency requirement when you sell (such as having to sell in the first two years of ownership), you should consult your tax advisor because you may be liable for taxes on all or a portion of any capital gain that you realize upon sale. Capital gain is calculated by adding the cost of capital improvements to the original purchase price, then subtracting that adjusted basis from the selling price. Contributions to capital repair reserves are treated as if they were capital improvements, so keep records of information from the co-op each year. Tax laws change frequently and are re-interpreted by IRS and the courts from time to time. Be sure to ask your tax advisor for specifics before buying or selling.
Can I rent out my unit?
Some co-ops are generous in allowing subletting. However, most cooperatives severely restrict subletting in order to preserve the owner/occupant character of the community. Co-ops that do allow subletting often have restrictions on the length of time for which you may sublet. Be sure to check what the policy of your co-op is. The policy can usually be found in your occupancy agreement or proprietary lease.
What are my rights and responsibilities as a cooperative member?
As a democratic organization that follows the cooperative principles, cooperatives give you a voice in the operation of your co-op. The rights and responsibilities of shareholders are set forth in the various co-op documents including the bylaws, occupancy agreement/proprietary lease, and articles of incorporation. All shareholders are entitled to copies of these documents. You can request the documents from your co-op office or management. If the co-op doesn't have a manager, ask the president or secretary.
For more information about Cooperative Housing, visit The National Association of Cooperative Housing at http://www.coophousing.org/


Sustainability is a global issue. Sustainability challenges, such as climate change, resource depletion and social inequalities, are global challenges that all businesses need to take into account in their activities. Investors and banks are increasingly taking into account how companies address these challenges. In order to assess different companies on the basis of environmental, social and governance factors, the EU has adopted a directive (Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive), which regulates and defines standards and guidelines for ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) aspects.
As a result, a longer-term and ethical profit maximisation approach can prevail instead of a short-term profit maximisation approach. Companies will demonstrate their commitment to sustainability through annual reporting, which will help to provide stakeholders with transparent and comparable information on companies’ ESG performance.
Which companies are affected by the ESG obligation?
The scope of the Directive covers large EU companies with an average number of employees of more than 500 in a given financial year (2025 from 2026) and any two of the following three indicators above the thresholds:
- a balance sheet total of EUR 20 million, or
- a net turnover of EUR 40 million, or
- average number of employees during the financial year is 250.
When do companies become subject to the obligation?
The aim of the report is for companies to publish information to the public on emerging sustainability risks, opportunities and impacts on people and the environment. It is important that the information reported is consistent with the EU’s sustainability ambitions.
Companies not covered by the CSRD are exempted from reporting, but sustainability data reporting is unavoidable for them.
Why is it important to collect and report ESG information?
Well, on one hand, companies subject to the obligation must report on their own suppliers. If suppliers cannot provide relevant data and underlying information, they risk losing partners. On the other hand, in the case of investments and loans, banks and investors will be obliged to take into account the sustainability commitment of companies. To back this up, companies can obtain an ESG rating from rating companies or banks, which they publish and investors, buyers and suppliers can use this rating to decide whether to partner with them.
More information about our ESG services:
- +36 70 613 3842


Welcome to the website of the Idaho Sport Shooters Alliance.
We are the only statewide group dedicated solely to advocating for the interests of gun owners and recreational shooters in Idaho.
Rather than just react to anti-gun/ anti-shooting bills, we have an aggressive legislative agenda . Our goal is to assure that Idaho is at the cutting edge of firearm freedoms.
In the past two legislative sessions IdahoSSA was involved in drafting six pro-gun bills that were enacted into law. These bills:
We invite you to join with us in accomplishing our mission. Please take a moment to sign up for alerts so that we can let you know about critical issues and how you can be effective. Signing up for alerts places you under no obligation but if you can, please consider donating or becoming a supporting member. We are working to give YOU a voice in making sure that Idaho's heritage of responsible firearms use is passed down to future generations.
SEO services provided by our great neighbor at SEO Reno Nevada.
January 10th: 2011 Idaho Legislature convenes. Stay tuned for important updates on pending legislation!


As of 2021, the value of homes in HOA communities in the U.S. was approximately $11 trillion.
What percentage of those homes end up being rentals? Most homeowners in HOA communities would prefer that the percentage be zero, but that's unlikely.
The best residents can hope for are specific HOA restrictions on long- and short-term rentals in the community.
Community living often means knowing your neighbors and working together to maintain the standards of the community. Keep reading to learn more about how to manage rentals in HOA community homes.
Can an HOA Restrict Rentals?
Renting your home in an HOA community is a constitutionally protected right. Historically, courts have upheld this right, but it depends on the laws in individual states.
HOAs can, and often do, impose rental limitations. Some put a limit on the total number of rentals in the community. Others set up rules requiring homeowners to abide by minimum lease agreements.
All HOA communities exist to increase property values for the residents. The best way to do that is to maintain community standards.
HOA boards put forth rules that apply to the aesthetics of homes, parking, yard sales, pets, fences, holiday decorations, types of vehicles allowed, and more.
Residents are expected to follow the rules to keep the community looking its best. When homes in the community are listed for rent, there is a concern that the tenants will not abide by the rules.
Renting a Home in an HOA Community
When renting out your HOA home, there are a few things you can do to support community standards. Let's take a look.
Share a Copy of the Bylaws
As the owner of a property in an HOA community, it's your responsibility to ensure that the renters know the HOA rules and regulations.
Having informed tenants will protect your investment and your relationship with the HOA board.
Grounds for Termination
Even when tenants know the rules, they sometimes break them, whether inadvertently or on purpose. To keep this from becoming a problem for the community, add a grounds for termination clause in the lease.
A clause like this will put the HOA board at ease because they'll know that you'll be able to evict the rule breakers.
The clause should include a stipulation stating that the tenant will pay any fines associated with the broken rules.
HOA fees are the owner's responsibility. To ensure that the fees are covered and get to the HOA on time, the homeowner should include the fees in the monthly rent.
The HOA uses that money to pay vendors. It also goes toward maintaining community amenities like playgrounds, tennis courts, and pools.
Rentals in HOA Community Neighborhoods
Is your homeowner's association struggling with handling rentals in HOA community homes? It's a balancing act to keep all homeowners satisfied.
Do you know who can help with your HOA management needs? PMI Scioto Metro provides professional community association management in the Greater Columbus, Ohio metro area.
Contact us to set up a consultation through our website or by calling 614-285-5629.


On the morning of 21st of July, an anti-drug abuse campaign seminar was held at Tan Yan Kee building in an effort to promote community involvement and preventive education against illegal drugs. Information officers from Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA), Mr. Raynante Javier and Mr. Arvin Talga, imparted their knowledge to UERM CAReS about the ongoing war against illegal drugs.
The seminar goes from dangerous effects of drug abuse and its impact on our society up to the content of RA 9165: Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 which provides legitimate punishments for violators.PDEA officers urge the students to become extraconscious for their own safety due to drug related crimes targeting the youths and females as exemplified by the risingincidents concerning a new type of drug called gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) also known as “liquid ecstasy” that is making rounds over the local party scene as “date-rape drug”. In just a couple of drops of GHBmixed in any drink, it induces intense sexual arousal and amnesia making it a perfect drug for target victims of rapist and sexual abusers.
Mr. Javieralso encouraged students to preserve the fading Filipino family values since family plays the most vital role in combating drug abuse through proper guidance and genuine support.
At the end of the seminar, PDEA officers flagged “Operation Private Eye” a program that offers bounty money for anyone who can give valuable informationabout drug lords and users while preserving the informant’s identity secret.
Above all as students and citizens of the nation we are all have the responsibility to stand by the law and fly high to our dreams, say no to drugs.
PDEA Contact Number:
0999 – 888PDEA (SMART)
0925 – 573PDEA (SUN)
(02) 927 – 9702 /(02) 928 – 0090


Civil War Overview
Civil War 1861
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Robert E. Lee Portrait
NEW YORK, SATURDAY, APRIL 13,
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the Year 1861, by Harper & Brothers, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.
MRS. GENERAL GAINES.—[FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY
THE GREAT GAINES CASE.
WE publish herewith a portrait of Mrs. General Gaines, the heroine of the most remarkable lawsuit ever prosecuted in our civil courts. This lady has just won a case which entitles her to a property variously estimated at from ten to fifteen millions of dollars. The circumstances which gave rise to that case constitute a romance stranger than the boldest fancies of novel writers.
Just sixty years ago a young man,
handsome, polished, brave, energetic, who, from some strange whim, had devoted himself to a life of trade among the Indians and French settlers on the Mississippi, spent a winter in the American metropolis of that day—Philadelphia. The young man's name was DANIEL CLARK. He was fond of gayety and social pleasures. In some social haunt he met a French lady of uncommon beauty and rare wit, named ZULIME CARRIER. She was living with a Frenchman named Lagrange, a common adventurer, whether legitimately married to him or not it is now not easy to discover. In 1805 this lady left Lagrange, and went to live with Daniel Clark. The theory accepted by the
Supreme Court of the United States is that Zulime Carrier was never married to Lagrange, and that she was married, privately, to Daniel Clark. In 1806, at Philadelphia, the only issue of her union with Clark—Myra, the present Mrs. Gaines—was born.
After the birth of this child it would seem that Clark sent Zulime to
New Orleans, and prosecuted his amatory career at Philadelphia with the gay freedom of a bachelor. He engaged himself in marriage to the celebrated Miss Caton, who after-ward married the Marquis of Wellesley. He formed other connections, the offspring of which have figured in the Gaines case. After a time Zulime returned to Philadelphia, and claimed her rights as a wife. Clark denied her right to the title, and she was unable to maintain it. She seems herself to have recognized the feebleness of her claim ; for soon afterward she married or accepted the protection of a Dr. Gardette, with whom she lived till his death.
Meanwhile Daniel Clark grew tired of Capua, and returned to New Orleans. He formed extensive business connections, and being gifted with rare mercantile capacity, made money in every thing he touched. He soon became the leading merchant on the Mississippi. Those were the days when fortunes were made in judicious trading with the Indians. Daniel Clark was one of the wise men who saw the opportunity and turned it to ac-
count. When his daughter Myra was yet a child, her father was a rich man, whose wealth was daily increasing.
It does not appear that he ever took steps to re-unite his fortunes with those of his much-loved
Zulime. But he certainly took charge of her child Myra, had her properly educated, and testified much affection for her on all occasions.
In 1813 Daniel Clark died, leaving an immense fortune, mostly invested in land in New Orleans
and other cities on the Mississippi. A will was produced, bequeathing his fortune to his mother and to the city of New
Orleans. The legatees and executors entered into possession. Some thirteen years afterward Myra, his daughter, married a Mr. Whitney, of New Orleans, and set up a claim as heir to the property. Thus the great Gaines suit began. Myra claimed to be the only legitimate daughter of Daniel Clark, and sought to have the above-mentioned will set aside. It was natural that, where so much property was at stake, the claim should be hotly contested. It was so; and Mr. Whitney, Myra's husband, died during the first campaign in the war. His widow —young, beautiful, and as energetic as her father —continued to prosecute the suit. Meeting General Gaines shortly afterward, she married him, and he espoused her cause with warmth. The case was tried and lost at New Orleans : it was carried to the Supreme Bench at
Washington, and lost there too. In 1852 the hopes of Mrs. Gaines seemed utterly extinguished, and the death of General Gaines appeared to crush out the last ember of expectation.
But the lady had an indomitable spirit. After the judgment of 1852 a will was discovered, duly executed by Daniel Clark, certifying that Myra was his only legitimate child, and creating her his sole heir. This will Mrs. Gaines offered for probate, and sued the possessors of her father's property thereupon. In the New Orleans Court the case went against her. She appealed again to Washington ; and after several years of tedious legal proceedings, she obtained a judgment on March 14, 1861, confirming the will, declaring her the only rightful heir of Daniel Clark, and entitling her not only to the whole property left by him, but to the rents of the same during the thirty odd years which had elapsed since she first set up her claim.
So the case now stands. The judgment was de-livered by Mr. Justice Wayne, of Georgia, who significantly remarked that the Supreme Court would have their decree carried out in Louisiana. No one knows how far the secession of that State may have impaired the power of the United States Supreme Court within the State limits. Mr. Justice Wayne's diction looks as though the judgment would be acknowledged. If it is, Mrs. General Gaines will soon be the richest woman in America. The portrait which we publish herewith reveals something of the indomitable spirit and energetic will which has enabled this lady to prosecute her case through so many courts, and for so many weary years.
POINT ISABEL, TEXAS WITH THE "DANIEL WEBSTER" SAILING WITH U.S. TROOPS ON BOARD.—FROM A SKETCH BY A GOVERNMENT DRAUGHTSMAN. [SEE
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The voters of Johnston County elect the clerk of superior court for a four-year term. Clerks are paid by the state, with their salaries scaled in accordance with the population of their counties. As one would expect, the clerk is responsible for all clerical and record-keeping functions of the superior court and district court. However, the clerk also has numerous judicial functions: The clerk is judge of probate - that is, the clerk handles the probate of wills (proceedings to determine if a paper writing is a valid will) and the administration of estates of decedents, minors and incompetents. The clerk also hears a variety of special proceedings such as adoptions, incompetency determinations and partitions of land and is empowered to issue arrest and search warrants and to exercise the same powers as a magistrate with respect to taking pleas of guilty to minor littering, traffic, wildlife, boating, marine fisheries, alcoholic beverage, state park recreation and worthless-check offenses.
Will R. Crocker (D)
207 E. Johnston Street
Smithfield, N.C. 27577
Term Expires: 2014
The Register of Deeds serves as custodian and manager of large numbers of public records. Registers of Deeds are elected to four-year terms by the citizens of the County the Registrar serves. By law, the Register of Deeds is charged with the integrity, completeness, accuracy, and safekeeping of these public records. It is the mission of the Johnston County Register of Deeds to preserve the integrity of the records and to make them accessible to you.
The Johnston County Sheriff's Office is a constitutionally established law enforcement agency, obligated under the laws of the State of North Carolina. It's purpose is to ensure the safety and security of the citizens of Johnston County by housing persons incarcerated by the courts, maintaining the security of the county courthouse and serving civil and criminal documents, evictions, seizure of property or money as ordered by the courts; pursuing and arresting fugitives from legal actions taken through the courts.