Visit the UK
UK Visa for Tourism
The United Kingdom is a lovely place to visit and a huge tourism destination in the world. If you would like to travel to the UK for tourism you will likely need to apply for a visa. There are some circumstances where you do not need a visa, but the United Kingdom Visas and Immigration suggests that you at least gather the required documentation to prove that you can visit the UK.
UK Business Visa
Business visas are available for short trips in the United Kingdom and are very similar to tourism visas. If you would like to immigrate to the UK instead of just visiting you may need to file under one of the immigration tiers. Most of the time, you will need to have tier authorization in order to work in the UK.
UK Visa Requirements
People who intend to visit the UK must be able to prove that they meet certain requirements in order to enter the country. You will also need to submit documentation that shows that you meet these requirements.
Most tourists enter on general visitor visas which require that you be at least 18 years old, if you are younger you will have to apply for a child visa, which is a different process.
The maximum amount of time you can visit the UK for is 6 months. This can sometimes be extended to 12 if you are accompanying a student in the UK.
You must be able to pay for yourself while you are in the UK and be able to pay for your way home when your visa expires. If you stay past the date stamped in your passport you may be subject to penalties from the UKVI.
You also cannot get a job while in the UK, become a student, "switch" your immigration status, get married, or participate in medical tourism with a visitor visa.
There are many different documents that you can use to prove the above requirements, some of which are:
- Return plane tickets,
- A passport,
- A bank statement, or
- Proof of employment in your home country.
Do I need a UK Visa?
There are some instances where you do not even need a visa to travel to the UK and you should check appropriate sources to see if your country supports a visa waiver with the UK. Even if your country reciprocates with the UK regarding visas you may still want to get a visa particularly if you have a criminal record or have previously encountered criticism from the UKVI.


Week of: May 29, 2018
Publication Date: June 04, 2018
Appellate Decisions – Summaries
From the First Appellate District –
- In re Daniela G., a Person Coming Under the Juvenile Court Law [OR] San Francisco Human Services Agency v. W.G.; W.G. appealed the determination of the trial court in finding dependency jurisdiction over Daniela G., where the court awarded sole custody to Daniela’s mother. G. sought to reverse this decision the basis of the juvenile court’s refusal to require Daniela and a 13-year old stepdaughter to testify at the combined jurisdictional and dispositional hearing. The court of appeals, however, affirmed the result, stating that W.G.’s due process rights were not violated because the court correctly determined that the possible benefit of the children’s testimony would not warrant the psychological injury it would cause to the children in being examined and cross examined on the issue of W.G.’s molestation of his 13-year old stepdaughter and ‘grooming’ his 8-year old daughter for future sexual exploitation pursuant to the case In re Jennifer J. (1992) 8 Cal.App.4th 1080.
- The People v. Shawn Shields; the court of appeals partially affirmed and partially reversed Mr. Shields’ conviction for attempted pimping, pandering, and human trafficking of a minor when Mr. Shields accepted a request to become facebook friends with a fictional 17-year-old prostitute created by a Solano County detective. While the court of appeals upheld the convictions for attempted pimping and pandering charges, it agreed with Mr. Shields that the human trafficking of a minor charge required that the individual actually be a minor, which was not the case here, and that he should have been charged with ‘attempted’ human trafficking.
- The People v. Franklin Lee; where after pleading no contest to charges related to the sexual exploitation of a boy under 14 years old and accepting a term of 14 years in prison, Mr. Lee challenged the trial court’s award of $750,000 in non-economic damages to his victim. The court of appeals affirmed the award, holding that it was authorized under the existing statutes.
- The People v. Joseph Veamatahau; in a partially published case, the court of appeals held that an expert’s testimony that he relied on a database to confirm the contents of pills found on Mr. Veamatahau’s person was not case-specific hearsay under the law, and that the testimony was admissible.
- Joseph Tierney et alterius v. Nasir Javaid et alterius; in a dispute over the sale of real estate, the court of appeals partially affirmed and partial reversed the trial court’s judgment in favor of the defendants. In the published portion of the case the appeals court affirmed the decision holding that Mr. Tierney failed to perform on his contract obligations for the purchase of the property – as, although he spent eight years pursuing a permit to build a condominium development at the site of the real property, he failed to tender the agreed-upon payment for the property and judgment was affirmed on that basis.
- Ricardo Ian Summers et alterius v. The Superior Court of San Francisco County [Real Party in Interest] Wan Fen Tan; the court of appeals reversed and remanded an order by the trial court for the sale of a piece of real property. The case originates from a dispute between the parties over what percentage of the property is owned by each person. When the trial court ordered the property sold, with the interests determined at a later date, the plaintiffs appealed, and the court of appeals agreed that the ownership interests should be determined prior to the sale of the property.
From the Second Appellate District –
- Harley Shine v. Williams-Sonoma, Inc. et alterius; where the court of appeals affirmed the trial court sustaining Williams-Sonoma’s demurrer to Mr. Shrine’s putative employment class action litigation on the grounds that the litigation was barred by res judicata. Namely, that Mr. Shine had participated in a prior class settlement on the same claims that barred him from bringing the instant litigation, even though the specific claims raised could not have been raised in the class settlement, because he agreed to a general release of claims through the settlement.
- Placer Foreclosure, Inc. v. Solomon Aflalo; after the foreclosure sale of Mr. Aflalo’s property, Placer Foreclosure and the buyer of the property were sued for wrongful foreclosure. Placer filed an interpleader action and deposited the surplus funds with the Court, and following a demurrer to the interpleader action that the court sustained, the court failed, however, to disburse the funds to Mr. Aflalo. The court of appeals affirmed the dismissal of the interpleader action without leave to amend, as Placer should have simply distributed the surplus funds to Mr. Aflalo as there is no threat of double vexation, and the court further orders that the surplus funds be distributed to Mr. Aflalo.
- In re the Marriage of Summer and Robert Turfe [OR] Summer Turfe v. Robert Turfe; the court of appeals affirmed the judgment of the trial court where, after a bifurcated trial, the court held that the marriage between Summer and Robert should not be annulled pursuant to a claim of fraud related to a ‘mahr agreement’ under Islamic law, as the parties had different interpretations of what the agreement was at the time it was entered, with Robert believing that Summer would receive nothing but a Quran, while Summer believing that she would receive substantially more. As Summer did not defraud Robert into entering marriage on that basis, the marriage is not annulled pursuant to such fraud.
- Fabio Canales et alterius v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.; the court of appeals affirmed the trial court’s entry of judgment on a wage and hours case against Well Fargo for their alleged failure to include required information on their wage statements, and failure to provide a concurrent wage statement together with the terminated employees final wages paid in-store. The trial court found that there was no basis for the causes of action, as the purportedly missing information was, in fact, not earned by the employees, and that Wells Fargo complied with the wage statement presentation requirements by mailing the final wage statement to the plaintiffs.
- John Nist v. Steven Hall; in a case involving the improper lien sale of the contents of a storage unit, the court of appeals affirmed the trial court’s judgment in favor of Mr. Hall, who was the bona fide good faith purchaser of the contents at the lien sale. Further, the action was held to be judicially estopped by Mr. Nist’s prior action against the storage facility on the same facts, which resulted in a $12,000 settlement agreement in Mr. Nist’s favor and dismissal with prejudice.
- The People v. Job Luna Medina; the court of appeals affirmed the trial court’s denial of Mr. Medina’s petition to reduce his felony conviction for possession of marijuana with intent to sell from 2015. In its analysis, the court described the difference between criminal acts and criminal conspiracies, and that conspiracies, such as Mr. Medina was convicted of, may constitute graver offenses than the acts themselves due to the collaboration of multiple criminals in conspiracy against the People. The court additionally held that the plain terms of Proposition 64 and other statutes provide that serious crimes involving marijuana may still be pursued and punished by the government, and the movement of large quantities of illicit marijuana qualifies as a serious crime.
- Rockefeller Technology Investments (Asia) VII v. Changzhou Sinotype Technology Co., Ltd.; in a dispute involving an aborted international business transaction, Rockefeller attempted to engage in arbitration, in which Changzhou failed to appear, resulting in a $414 million verdict in favor of Rockefeller. Changzhou ultimately appeared 15 months later and moved to set aside the verdict on the grounds that they had never been served pursuant to the Hague Conventions of international service. The trial court held that service by mail was the privately agreed-upon means of service, and Rockefeller complied with those terms, but the court of appeals held that because the Hague Convention prohibits contracting for service by means that are not permissible by the receiving country, and China does not permit service by international mail, the judgement was void for failure to properly serve Changzhou.
- Port Medical Wellness, Inc. v. Connecticut General Life Insurance Company, et alterius; in a case dealing with a dispute between two corporate entities related to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, which generally preempts state claims, the court of appeals affirmed the entry of judgment in favor of Connecticut General. While the court engaged in preemption analysis, finding some claims preempted and other not preempted, the court ultimately affirmed judgment on the failure of Port Medical to raise triable issues of fact.
From the Third Appellate District –
- Public Employees’ Retirement System v. Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority [AND] Amalgamated Transit Union Local 1555; the court of appeals affirmed judgment against the Retirement System in two separate actions brought by California’s Public Employees’ Retirement System, as opposed to the board that administers the system. While the underlying facts of case involved the interpretation of certain benefits, the two actions here were determined on the basis of CalPERS failure to exhaust its administrative remedies prior to bringing the actions to superior court, as the exact same issues brought by CalPERS are presently pending in over 400 administrative appeals. While CalPERS argued that it is not required to exhaust its administrative remedies, the court of appeals considered that the agency cannot seek a judicial imprimatur for its policy, which would be applied to pending cases, in an effort to thwart the established administrative adjudicative process.
- Alliance for California Business [AND] Jack Cody v. State Air Resources Board et alterius; in two cases consolidated for appeal, Mr. Cody, a trucker, and the Alliance for California Business sought to challenge California’s requirement that all trucks operating in California be fitted with diesel particulate filters. In its opinion, the court of appeal upheld the trial courts’ determination that the courts lacked jurisdiction to review the regulation under Federal Law. Specifically, there is a federal statute that provides that any challenges to these types of regulations under the Clean Air Act give original and exclusive jurisdiction to federal courts of appeal, rendering state courts without jurisdiction to consider these types of claims.
From the Fourth Appellate District –
- Airs Aromatics, LLC v. CBL Data Recovery Technologies, Inc.; Airs sued CBL on a breach of contract cause of action and demanded relief “in an amount to be proven at trial”, but in any case “exceeded $25,000.” After Answering and engaging in settlement negotiations, CBL withdrew its answer and Airs obtained a default judgment in the amount of $3,016,965.03 in the year 2011. CBL then came into court in 2016 seeking to set aside the default judgment by arguing that the default was void for exceeding the $25,000 demanded in Airs complaint. The trial court denied CBL’s motion, but the court of appeal ordered that the motion should be granted, as the section governing default judgment is strictly construed to require that the complaint provide sufficient notice to non-answering defendants and the entry of judgment in excess of the amount stated was void.
- Stephen Bushansky v. Patrick Soon-Shiong et alterius; the court affirmed the dismissal of a shareholder derivative action based on a Delaware forum selection clause. While Mr. Bushansky argued that the selection clause was inappropriate due to Delaware’s lack of personal jurisdiction over every necessary party at the time the litigation was filed, the court of appeals reasoned that because the contract was silent as to the time necessary to determine personal jurisdiction was required, the parties intended a reasonable time frame for such jurisdiction, which has since been obtained.
- Thomas E. Morgan v. The Superior Court of Orange County [Real Party in Interest] Nancy Morgan Shurtleff et alterius; here, the court of appeals denied Mr. Morgan’s petition for a writ of mandate when the trial court had ordered him to produce all communications, including attorney-client communications, between Mr. Morgan in his capacity as the trustee for a trust and a successor trustee. The court held that in the context of a trust, attorney-client privilege rests between the office of the trustee and the attorney, and any successor trustee has the right to review confidential communications to and from the office of trustee.
- The People v. Richard Brunton; after being convicted on several charges associated with chocking a fellow inmate with a towel with the intent to kill, the court of appeals agreed with Mr. Brunton’s argument that his conviction on both charges of ‘assault by means of force likely to produce great bodily harm’ and ‘assault with a deadly weapon’ were duplicative as being based on the same facts, and remanded to the trial court to strike one of the convictions.
- Abbott Laboratories et alterius v. The Superior Court of Orange County [Real Party in Interest] The People ex relatione Tony Rackauckas, as District Attorney, et cetera; in a 2-1 decision the court of appeals granted Abbot Laboratories writ seeking to prevent the Orange County District Attorney from seeking to pursue charges against Abbot, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Barr Pharmaceuticals, and Duramed Pharmaceuticals related to a conspiracy to keep generic drugs off of the market. The court of appeals granted the writ based on the Orange County’s lack of authority to seek relief on behalf of the State and the People of California, being limited only to the People of the County of Orange. In a dissenting opinion, Justice Dato argued that the granting of this particular writ was unnecessary, as the petitioner only sought to strike the words ‘California’ and ‘in California’ from the language of the complaint, and to the extent that the District Attorney can only recover relief on behalf of the People of the County of Orange, the issues of damages and equitable relief can be adequately addressed by the trial court and assessed on a proper record, not at the outset of litigation through the mechanism of a motion to strike.
- Rosa Jensen v. The Home Depot, Inc. et alterius; after the trial court reasonably sustained a demurrer on a first amended complaint without leave to amend due to the plaintiffs’ failure to cure defects from the original complaint, failure to oppose the demurrer, failure to request oral arguments, and failure to request leave to amend, the court of appeals nevertheless reversed the trial court’s entry of judgment when Ms. Jense, for the first time on appeal, argued that her case should have been severed from the underlying case and she would be able to present valid claims upon filing a new complaint.
- In re R.W., a Person Coming Under the Juvenile Court Law [OR] The People v. R.W.; the court of appeal affirmed R.W.’s citation for obstructing an officer in the performance of her duties when R.W., after having been arrested on a carjacking case, determined to not have committed the crime, and then placed under supervision by the Police officers until R.W.’s parent arrived, attempted to leave the supervision of the officer, was handcuffed hand cited, and then released into her parent’s custody a short period later. The court of appeals reasoned that even though R.W. was not officially in Police custody as a criminal detainee, minors are always in somebody’s custody, and the State has a responsibility to supervise minor in situations like those presented here, such that R.W.’s citation was lawful.
From the Fifth Appellate District –
- Gerawan Farming, Inc. v. Agricultural Labor Relations Board [Real Party in Interest] United Farm Workers of America; in a case involving a de-certification election by an incumbent union of farmworkers, the Agricultural Labor Relations Board was determined to have erred in several of its findings of unfair labor practices as well as in the legal standard applied in reaching its remedial conclusions. On this basis, the court granted Gerawan Farming’s petition vacating the Board’s decision to set aside the decertification vote, and remanded the case to the Board for further proceedings based on the 138 page decision.
From the Sixth Appellate District –
- The People v. Irvin Sacrite; on appeal from an order of two-years probation for crimes related to the possession and use of methamphetamine, Mr. Sacrite argued that the trial court erred in failing to suppress evidence gathered based on a ‘pat search’ that ultimately revealed Mr. Sacrite’s possession of illegal substances. The court of appeals held that the officer conducting the search had “specific and articulable facts” that Mr. Sacrite may have been armed, rendering the pat search legal, and the evidence derived from the search admissible.
Supreme Court – Roundup
This Week, the Supreme Court published 3 cases, including:
- The People v. Charles Edward Case; where the Supreme Court affirmed the death sentence of Mr. Case when he murdered two people during the commission of a robbery, where he ultimately stole $320. The Court did, however, order that the $10,000 awarded in restitution be reduced by the amount awarded to a direct victim. In a Dissenting and Concurring opinion by Justices Liu and Chaney, the justices would have found that the police officers deliberately violated Mr. Case’s rights under Miranda v. Arizona (1966) 384 U.S. 436, but that the violation would have been constitutionally harmless due to the fact that regular Police practice would have discovered the same people that were interviewed based on the tainted evidence.
- The People v. Warren Justin Hardy; following the conviction of the 1998 kidnapping, rape, torture and murder of Ms. Penny Sigler in Long Beach, this automatic death penalty appeal was affirmed by the Supreme Court in a 6-1 decision. Justice Liu dissented on the grounds that the prosecution used peremptory strikes to remove every single black juror from the jury panel of Mr. Hardy, who is black man. Justice Liu concluded that, more likely than not, Mr. Hardy was convicted by a panel that was not selected free of improper discrimination; the majority, however determined that under current law the reasons described by the prosecution for each strike were genuine.
- The People v. Richard Penunuri; in another 6-1 opinion, the Supreme Court affirmed the death sentence for Mr. Penunuri for the robbery and murder of three victims, along with other crimes. In the dissenting opinion by Justice Cuéllar, the Justice argued that there was prejudicial error in allowing another defendant’s testimony that Mr. Penunuri committed all of the murders to come in without allowing Mr. Penunuri to cross-examine the accomplice. The majority had found the error constitutionally harmless because there was sufficient corroboration from other sources.
In the Supreme Court’s Weekly Summary of Accepted Cases, the court has announced that no cases were accepted this week.
Additionally, please tune in this week for oral argument that will be occurring before the Supreme Court, and viewable online via the Court’s website, arguments will be heard starting at 2PM on June 5th, and 9AM on June 6th.


Law enforcement agencies on Wednesday conducted an intelligence-based operation (IBO) in Balochistan and killed four wanted terrorists, said a statement issued by the Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR).
According to the military’s media wing, two soldiers were also martyred during the shootout. The exchange of fire, which took place in the Mangochar area of Kalat, also resulted in injuries for two security personnel, the ISPR added.
The militants, identified as Khubaib, Shoaib and Waheed, were allegedly affiliated with the proscribed outfits and were wanted by law enforcement agencies.
Four women and children, held hostage at the hideout, were also recovered besides arms, including three Kalashnikovs, 200 rounds of ammunition and a China gun.
The security forces also seized improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and communication equipment.


The Nexus Between Labor Laws and Workers Cooperatives
Ryan Herman H. Molina
As publicized in www.ilsdole.gov.ph
August 19, 2008
Workers cooperatives in the Philippines have gradually developed into traditional self-help communities where members are considered owners of the enterprise and at the same time users of the services and activities.
In the face of fierce global business competition and rapid technological advancement, alternative work arrangements are being tapped as effective mechanisms to keep pace with globalization. One of these work arrangements is the establishment of workers cooperatives.
Workers cooperatives are considered a unique and appropriate medium in the quest for balance between social justice and economic growth. They have economic and social objectives; they are values-driven and community-based; they are people-oriented; and, they develop people-based linkages.
Thus, the Cooperative Development Authority (CDA) reveals that many workers are indeed employed through cooperatives. Statistics from the Bureau of Local Employment (BLE) shows that from only 43 local manpower cooperatives registered as contractors and subcontractors in 2002, the number ballooned to 255 four years after.
Workers cooperatives in the Philippines have gradually developed into traditional self-help communities where members are considered owners of the enterprise and at the same time users of the services and activities. Both members and non-members of cooperatives enter into an employer-employee relationship with the cooperative as a separate and distinct legal person. As in any stage of development, new ideas, concepts and patterns carry with it fresh issues, ambiguities and disputes. Thus, we again look up to the Supreme Court for resolution of these issues.
Workers Cooperatives and the Right to Collective Bargaining. In a case involving some rank-and-file employees of a cooperative bank who filed a petition for certification election, the latter opposed the petition and insisted that its employees are disqualified from forming labor organizations for purposes of collective bargaining, citing an Opinion rendered by then Solicitor General and Minister of Justice Estelito P. Mendoza.
The Court upheld the Opinion which held that an employee of a cooperative who is a member and co-owner thereof cannot invoke the right to collective bargaining. Basing its decision from an obvious practical perspective, the Court said that an owner cannot bargain with himself or his co-owners. However, the Court clarified in this case that employees of cooperatives who are not members co-owners are entitled to exercise the right to organize for purposes of collective bargaining. (Cooperative Rural Bank of Davao City, Inc. vs. Pura Ferrer-Calleja, et.al; G.R. No. 77951; September 26, 1988)
Enunciated in this case was the “fused personality doctrine.” Under this doctrine, an employee-member is said to have two distinct personalities fused into one: first, as an employee of the cooperative and second, as a member co-owner of the cooperative. Thus, said employee co-owner is not entitled to the right to organize for the purpose of collective bargaining. (Cacdac, Hans Leo J. and Chato, Rebecca C. on Should D.O. No. 18-02 Apply to Manpower Cooperatives?, August 2006)
The Court affirmed this doctrine which involved common facts and issues on the cooperative member-employees’ right to organize for the purpose of collective bargaining. (Batangas-I Electric Cooperative Labor Union vs. Romeo Young; G.R. No. 62386; Bulacan II Electric Cooperative, Inc. vs. Peñaflor; G.R. No. 70880; Albay Electric Cooperative I vs. Cresencio B. Trajano; G.R. No. 74560; all dated November 9, 1988; San Jose City Electric Service Cooperative, Inc. known as SAJELCO, vs. Ministry of Labor and Employment; G.R. No. 77231; May 31, 1989)
Workers Cooperatives and Labor Standards Compliance. In another case, credit cooperative employees filed a complaint for illegal dismissal with claims for premium pay on holidays and rest days, separation pay, and wage differential. The credit cooperative sought to dismiss said complaint arguing that the complainants are members and co-owners of the cooperative and thus, there is no employer-employee relationship between the credit cooperative and the complainants. The crux of the issues in this case is whether or not said members co-owners are considered employees and thus covered by the Labor Standards Law.
The Court held that in determining the existence of an employer-employee relationship, the four-fold test is aptly considered: 1) the selection and engagement of the worker or the power to hire; 2) the power to dismiss; 3) the payment of wages by whatever means; and, 4) the power to control the worker’s conduct. Control assumes primacy in the overall consideration. The Court held that all these elements are present in the case.
The Court further explained that although there was no evidence presented to prove that complainants are members co–owners of the cooperative, the complainants by virtue of their being employees are still covered by the Labor Code of the Philippines. They are entitled to minimum wage, overtime pay, rest day, and due process before termination of employment.
In sum, the Court considered membership and ownership in a cooperative as irrelevant to the case. The existence of an employer-employee relationship entitles one to labor standards provided for under the Labor Code. This, in effect, sets aside the “fused personality doctrine” in cases involving labor standards compliance. (Perpetual Help Credit Cooperative, Inc. vs Faburada, et. Al;GR No. 121948; October 8, 2001.)
Manpower Service Cooperatives. Cooperatives in the Philippines now play a new role in the world of contracting or subcontracting. The existence of Asiapro and Staff Search Asia Service Cooperative, among others, shows the metamorphosis of this role. From the traditional organization formed for mutual benefit of its worker-members, workers cooperatives are now engaged in supplying manpower. Some manpower cooperatives supply their own members in their subcontracting business.
Last year, the Court decided a case involving a manpower cooperative. The case involved a shrimp processing company which entered into a contract with a manpower cooperative to provide, among others, messengerial, janitorial, harvesting, sanitation, and washing services. Consequently, members of the cooperative were sent to perform said services to the company.
The members filed a complaint which sought to declare themselves as regular members of the principal. The principal opposed the complaint arguing that the members are employees of the independent cooperative contractor.
The Court held that the contention of the shrimp processing company holds no basis. Using the “substantial capital” doctrine and the “right of control test”, the Court found that the cooperative had no substantial capital in the form of tools, equipment, machineries, work premises and other materials to qualify itself as an independent contractor. In addition, the shrimp processing company was found to have control of the manner and method on how the work was done. Thus, the complainants were deemed employees not of the cooperative but of the shrimp processing company. (San Miguel Corporation vs. Aballa et. al.; G.R. No. 149011; June 28, 2005)
Thus, what the Court tried to impress in this case is that labor laws find application so long as an employer-employee relationship exists, regardless of the nomenclature and nature of its organization, whether as a partnership, corporation, or cooperative.


As per the Company’s bylaws, the Board of Directors was composed of eleven Board seats: three of which were Independent Directors elected by the General Assembly, one that was an employee representative elected by the Company’s Labor Syndicate and seven that were appointed by a decree of the Prime Minister upon recommendation from the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MCIT).
The Company’s bylaws provide that meetings of the Board of Directors are to be held at least four times a year. A quorum of the Board of Directors requires the presence of at least a majority of its members. Each member has one vote. The Board of Directors passes resolutions by at least a simple majority vote of those members present and/or represented at the meeting. In the event of a tie, the Chairman casts the deciding vote.


At Assured Lettings we take our applicant referencing and due diligence checks very seriously, we therefore have minimal issues with rent arrears. However, referencing checks only provide a snapshot into an individual’s circumstances, they cannot foresee situations such as job redundancies or marital splits.
We want to give our landlords assurance that their rent return is safe, which is why we offer the Assured Lettings Rent & Legal Guarantee.
Our guarantee protects you against rent arrears owed by your tenant under the terms of the Tenancy Agreement, it also covers all of the Legal costs to repossess the property following a tenancy breach by the tenant.
There is no excess to pay and you will not have to deal with insurers, the rental payments will come directly from Assured Lettings for up to 15 months, or until we regain possession of the property, whichever is sooner.
The cost of this guarantee is 3% of the monthly rent, per property. A minimal price to pay for complete peace of mind!
Please note, our Assured Lettings Rent & Legal Guarantee is only available to landlords who opt for our Fully Managed service.
Call us now for further information!


Human trafficking–also called ‘modern slavery’ and ‘trafficking in persons,’ is ‘the act of recruiting, harboring, transporting, providing or obtaining a person for compelled labor or commercial sex acts through the use of force, fraud or coercion,’ according to the U.S. Department of State. The two most commonly identified forms of the crime are sexual exploitation and forced labor.
While victims can be of any age or gender, it is women and children who are most often sexually exploited, and males (men and boys) that are compelled into work. Trafficking victims may also experience other (often under-reported) forms of exploitation and abuse, such as forced begging or marriage, domestic servitude and even organ removal.
Because forced labor and trafficking are criminal ventures shrouded in secrecy, it is difficult to measure their economic and societal effects. Data published by the State Department, human rights organizations and other sources paints an unsettling picture of activity in America, where:
- An estimated 14,500 to 17,500 people are trafficked into the United States each year.
- The average age of trafficking victims in the U.S. is 20.
- Victims of trafficking are almost exclusively immigrants, and mostly immigrant women.
- Forced labor and trafficking are most prevalent in domestic service, agriculture, sweatshops, factories, restaurants, hotel work, and in the sex industry.
- At least ten thousand people work as forced laborers at any given time.
- The majority of trafficking cases have been reported in states with high concentrations of immigrants, including New York, California, and Florida.
To combat human trafficking inside and outside its borders, the U.S. government follows an integrated ‘3Ps’ framework of prosecution, protection and prevention. As a complement to this approach, officials began employing a fourth ‘P,’ partnerships, in 2009. These alliances are intended to inform the broader anti-trafficking/victim advocacy movement, and to facilitate the sharing of information, services and other resources between NGOs (non-governmental organizations) and law enforcement agencies.
What You Can Do
Anyone can join in the fight against human trafficking. But making a difference begins with awareness and education. Starting with the links below, we urge you to learn more about the activities and programs supported by frontline aid and assistance organizations. It’s the first step to help you get, be and stay involved:
- The Polaris Project
- Department of Homeland Security Blue Campaign
- Immigration & Customs Enforcement
- Report on Human Trafficking (2020 Edition)
Another practical resource we recommend is the State Department’s “20 Ways You Can Help Stop Human Trafficking.” Tips range from simple to more ambitious, depending how much you want to do.


The Chinese authorities have “wiped out” democracy and freedom in the former British colony said activist Koo Sze-yiu in his appeal for the reduction of his nine-month prison sentence for sedition, decided by Judge Peter Law.
As reported by the Hong Kong Free Press, the veteran pro-democracy campaigner pleaded not guilty and accused Beijing of having ‘eradicated’ dissidents through the National Security Act, imposed two years ago.
The National Security Police arrested Koo on 4 February on charges of planning a protest in front of the Beijing Contact Office in Hong Kong to coincide with the opening of the Winter Olympics in the Chinese capital.
Officers stopped the activist a few hours before his protest. He had prepared a coffin to be placed in the street, covering it with slogans such as ‘democracy and human rights are above the Winter Olympics’, end one-party dictatorship’.
Judge Law convicted him under the Anti-Sedition Act, dating back to British colonial times. Unlike the National Security Act, which also provides for life imprisonment, the Anti-Sedition Act sets a maximum sentence of two years.
Koo is over 70 years old and has already suffered 14 convictions for his activism. He also has stage four cancer, but Judge Law pointed out that the convict’s health condition will not be taken into account for any sentence reduction.
Law warned Koo not to ‘politicise’ the trial, but to no avail. The activist closed his speech by saying that being a ‘fighter’ for democracy and freedom is not a problem for him. He reiterated that even if a period in prison awaits him, it is nothing compared to the contribution of Chinese dissidents: ‘“I am unrepentant… [the court] does not need to have mercy on me. Spending time in prison is part of my life, the more time you spend in prison, the smarter you get,” he said.


Arima’s Privacy Principles
Arima is committed to user privacy in our products and services.
To this end, Arima supports the following principles:
· Know when a website is collecting personal information
If personally identifiable information is collected, we believe the user has the right to:
· Know what personal information is collected, and the purpose of collection
· Receive explicit notification before any personal information is collected
· Expect that personal information will not be provided to any third party without the user's permission
· Expect reasonable steps to be taken to protect personal information from unauthorized use
· Review the accuracy of personal information and update it
Government and Private Actions
We believe a market environment, supported by good consumer information and industry self-regulation, provides the most efficient way to support user privacy needs.
If laws and regulations are created, we believe they should support innovation and a technology-neutral framework to maximize the choices available to users, product suppliers and service providers. Arima will comply with all applicable laws where we conduct business.
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Last edited: 21ST May 2018 at 20:38
The EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) comes into force across the European Union on 25th May 2018 and brings with it the most significant changes to data protection law in two decades. Based on privacy by design and taking a risk-based approach, the GDPR has been designed to meet the requirements of the digital age.
The 21st Century brings with it broader use of technology, new definitions of what constitutes personal data, and a vast increase in cross-border processing. The new Regulation aims to standardise data protection laws and processing across the EU; affording individuals stronger, more consistent rights to access and control their personal information.
DREAM VAPE CO LIMITED (‘we’ or ‘us’ or ‘our’) are committed to ensuring the security and protection of the personal information that we process, and to provide a compliant and consistent approach to data protection. We have always had a robust and effective data protection program in place which complies with existing law and abides by the data protection principles. However, we recognise our obligations in updating and expanding this program to meet the demands of the GDPR and the UK’s Data Protection Bill.
DREAM VAPE CO LIMITED are dedicated to safeguarding the personal information under our remit and in developing a data protection regime that is effective, fit for purpose and demonstrates an understanding of, and appreciation for the new Regulation. Our preparation and objectives for GDPR compliance have been summarised in this statement and include the development and implementation of new data protection roles, policies, procedures, controls and measures to ensure maximum and ongoing compliance.
SECTION 1 – PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION
We may collect personal identification information from Users in a variety of ways, including, but not limited to, when Users visit our site, register on the site, place an order, fill out a form, respond to a survey, subscribe to the newsletter and in connection with other activities, services, features or resources we make available on our Site. Users may be asked for, as appropriate, name, email address, mailing address, phone number,
Users may, however, visit our Site anonymously.
We will collect personal identification information from Users only if they voluntarily submit such information to us. Users can always refuse to supply personally identification information, except that it may prevent them from engaging in certain Site related activities.
SECTION 2 – NON-PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION
We may collect non-personal identification information about Users whenever they interact with our Site. Non-personal identification information may include the browser name, the type of computer and technical information about Users means of connection to our Site, such as the operating system and the Internet service providers utilised and other similar information.
SECTION 3 – WEB BROWSER COOKIES
SECTION 4 – HOW WE USE COLLECTED INFORMATION
dream vape Co Ltd collects and uses Users personal information for the following purposes:
- To improve customer service
Your information helps us to more effectively respond to your customer service requests and support needs.
- To process transactions
We may use the information Users provide about themselves when placing an order only to provide service to that order. We do not share this information with outside parties except to the extent necessary to provide the service.
- To administer a content, promotion, survey or other Site feature
To send Users information they agreed to receive about topics we think will be of interest to them.
- To send periodic emails The email address Users provide for order processing, will only be used to send them information and updates pertaining to their order. It may also be used to respond to their inquiries, and/or other requests or questions.
- If User decides to opt-in to our mailing list, they will receive emails that may include company news, updates, related product or service information, etc. If at any time the User would like to unsubscribe from receiving future emails, we include detailed unsubscribe instructions at the bottom of each email or User may contact us via our Site.
SECTION 5 – HOW WE PROTECT YOUR INFORMATION
We adopt appropriate data collection, storage and processing practices and security measures to protect against unauthorised access, alteration, disclosure or destruction of your personal information, username, password, transaction information and data stored on our Site.
Sensitive and private data exchange between the Site and its Users happens over an SSL secured communication channel and is encrypted and protected with digital signatures.
Subject Access Request (SAR) – we have revised our SAR procedures to accommodate the revised 30-day timeframe for providing the requested information and for making this provision free of charge. Our new procedures detail how to verify the data subject, what steps to take for processing an access request, what exemptions apply and a suite of response templates to ensure that communications with data subjects are compliant, consistent and adequate.
Data Breaches – our breach procedures ensure that we have safeguards and measures in place to identify, assess, investigate and report any personal data breach at the earliest possible time. Our procedures are robust and have been disseminated to all employees, making them aware of the reporting lines and steps to follow.
SECTION 6 – SHARING YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION
We do not sell, trade, or rent Users personal identification information to others. We may share generic aggregated demographic information not linked to any personal identification information regarding visitors and users with our business partners, trusted affiliates and advertisers for the purposes outlined above.
We may use third-party service providers to help us operate our business and the Site or administer activities on our behalf, such as sending out newsletters or surveys. We may share your information with these third parties for those limited purposes provided that you have given us your permission.
THIRD PARTY WEBSITES
Users may find advertising or other content on our Site that link to the sites and services of our partners, suppliers, advertisers, sponsors, licensors and other third parties. We do not control the content or links that appear on these sites and are not responsible for the practices employed by websites linked to or from our Site. In addition, these sites or services, including their content and links, may be constantly changing. These sites and services may have their own privacy policies and customer service policies. Browsing and interaction on any other website, including websites which have a link to our Site, is subject to that website’s own terms and policies.
COMPLIANCE WITH CHILDREN’S ONLINE PRIVACY PROTECTION ACT
Protecting the privacy of the very young is especially important. For that reason, we never collect or maintain information at our Site from those we actually know are under 13, and no part of our website is structured to attract anyone under 13.
SECTION 7 – GOVERNING LAW
These Terms of Service and any separate agreements whereby we provide you Services shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the United Kingdom.
SECTION 9 – YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THESE TERMS
To opt in, please visit this web-form: http://eepurl.com/c_5zmr
To opt out, please visit this web-form: https://dreamvape.us17.list-manage.com/unsubscribe?u=9cbe2c1bffd2435bec82c4528&id=26f1d1f330
SECTION 10 – CONTACT INFORMATION
Company: DREAM VAPE CO LIMITED
Address line 1: 164 Leigh Road
Address line 2: Leigh-on-sea
Postcode: SS9 1BT


DIRECT LICENSING GUIDELINES (Public performance and transmission rights)
1. Our direct licensing guidelines
1.1 These are the direct licensing guidelines of Tallowdale Music. At present we do not have the capacity to directly licence any of our sound recordings or music videos for public performance or transmission.
1.2 Given the legal and administrative costs involved with direct licensing we are unable to offer direct licenses at competitive rates for public performance or transmission. We will review our position every 12 months to consider whether the size and skill base of our organisation enables us to engage in direct licensing.
1.3 In the meantime, if you require a licence for the public performance or transmission of one of our sound recordings or music videos you should contact the Phonographic Performance Company of Australia (PPCA) at ppca.com.au or call (02) 8569 1111.
1.4 If you wish to provide any feedback or comments on our direct licensing policy, please email email@example.com
MUSIC LICENSING GUIDELINES (Syncronisation)
2. Our synchronisation licensing guidelines
2.1 These are the synchronisation licensing guidelines of Tallowdale Music for music composed by Jonathan Leigh Billingham.
2.2 All requests to purchase a licence for the synchronisation of music by Jonathan Leigh Billingham to use in film, television, online video, gaming or any other multimedia project is subject to case by case consideration. Tallowdale Music welcomes your enquiry. Please email firstname.lastname@example.org


Bankruptcy can be a complex, confusing, and involved process for those who are already under stress due to financial problems. Contact experienced attorney Kim MacLeod today for a free initial consultation regarding Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy.
Kim realizes that you need relief from your financial burdens and is dedicated to giving you one-on-one attention, providing you with the information to help you make an informed, reasoned decision about filing bankruptcy, and assisting you in filing the type of case that best meets your needs. To help you in this process, here are some answers to questions you may have regarding bankruptcy and related issues.
Does it make sense for me to file bankruptcy?
If you are:
Why should I hire an attorney?
Modern bankruptcy involves many complex variables and may be difficult to navigate on your own. An experienced, caring attorney who can guide you through the process may be the key to accomplishing your debt relief goals.
How long does the whole bankruptcy process take, once my case is filed with the court?
A typical Chapter 7 bankruptcy case, where there are no non-protected assets available for sale or liquidation by the court-appointed Trustee overseeing your case, takes about 90 to 120 days from the time your bankruptcy petition and schedules are filed with the court to the date upon which you receive your discharge.
A Chapter 13 bankruptcy consolidation repayment plan will generally last from 3 to 5 years after the date your bankruptcy petition, schedules and Chapter 13 plan are filed, and the length of your case will depend on a number of factors that an experienced bankruptcy attorney like Kim MacLeod can review with you.
What kinds of debts cannot be wiped out in bankruptcy?
Generally, in a bankruptcy case, you will not be able to discharge, or get rid of:
All of these debts will survive a Chapter 7 case, but it may be possible for you to file a Chapter 13 repayment plan and pay these obligations back over time. Specifics regarding the debts you will be able to eliminate with Chapter 7 or pay back through Chapter 13 will be reviewed with you when you meet with the attorney.
Will collection efforts stop once I file a bankruptcy?
When you file a bankruptcy case, a blanket protection called an “automatic stay” immediately goes into effect and generally protects you and your property against collection efforts. Creditors are supposed to stop garnishments and collection pursuits and must hold off on any repossessions or foreclosures of your property.
However, under bankruptcy law, the collection of child support and alimony may still be allowed and may not be stayed by your bankruptcy filing. At your consultation, the attorney can elaborate about how each type of bankruptcy will affect the collection of child support and spousal support/alimony/maintenance.
If you are behind on house or car payments, filing a Chapter 7 bankruptcy may only temporarily stop the creditor secured by the property from foreclosing or repossessing, and filing a Chapter 13 debt consolidation plan may be the alternative you need as it will give you time to catch up the past-due amounts.
This office can provide details about your options, and can assist you in determining which chapter could be a solution for your future financial stability.
Will I have to appear in court for my case?
Yes, approximately 4 to 6 weeks after you file a Chapter 7 or a Chapter 13 bankruptcy case, you will have one mandatory appearance at a Section 341 meeting, a hearing also known as a “Meeting of Creditors”. Generally, your creditors do not come to this hearing, but each person filing bankruptcy must be present.
In a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, the Trustee who has been appointed by the bankruptcy court will conduct the hearing, and will ask you some questions under oath about your bankruptcy paperwork. In a Chapter 13 bankruptcy case, an attorney or representative on behalf of the court-appointed Chapter 13 Trustee will conduct the hearing and ask the questions. You will need to bring picture ID and Social Security number proof with you to the hearing to verify your identity.
If you file your case through this office, Kim MacLeod will talk to you about what to expect at the hearing and answer any questions you may have in advance of your hearing date. Kim will also be there at the hearing with you to help you and represent your interests.
Are there any credit counseling requirements I must meet before or after I file a Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 case?
Yes. Within 180 days before filing either a Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 bankruptcy case, you must complete a credit counseling course, which you can take online, over the phone or in person. Once you finish the counseling session, you will need to supply this office with your certificate of completion, which will be submitted with your bankruptcy paperwork when your case is filed with the court.
After you file your case, you are required to complete a second financial management/debtor education course, and can often use the same provider. Once you have completed the second class, you will again need to provide this office with the certificate from the course provider so that it can be filed with the bankruptcy court. If you fail to complete the second course within 60 days of your Chapter 7 section 341 hearing or prior to the completion of your Chapter 13 payment plan, your case will be closed by the bankruptcy court and you will not get a discharge of your debts, so your bankruptcy filing will be in vain. It is vitally important that you complete the second course on time, and our office recommends that you take it shortly after your Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 case is filed so that your certificate of completion can be filed with the court well in advance of any deadline.
Numerous agencies offer the pre-filing credit counseling and post-filing financial management/debtor education courses, but you must choose a provider approved by the United States Trustee, the government agency that oversees all bankruptcy filings. The course providers charge a fee for each class, typically from $10.00 to $50.00 per session, and you will need to pay the providers directly by debit card.
At your free initial consultation, attorney Kim MacLeod will give you information on approved credit counseling providers for this jurisdiction, the Western District of Washington, and will explain the two course requirements in greater detail.
What are the fees and costs involved in filing bankruptcy?
In addition to the fees you will pay directly to the providers of your pre-filing credit counseling and post-filing debtor education courses, you will have to pay a court filing fee totaling $335.00 for a Chapter 7 case or $310.00 for a Chapter 13 case. The court filing fees can usually be paid in installments, with $100.00 due when your case is filed. The balance of the filing fee must be paid in full, either directly to the court by you in a Chapter 7 proceeding, or through the Chapter 13 repayment plan that you will be funding, by a deadline imposed by the court. This office will advise you of your payment options and deadlines once you decide to file a Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 case.
For most Chapter 7 cases, you will need to pay the attorney fees in full before your case can be filed with the bankruptcy court, but you can usually retain this office for as little as a $100.00 down payment. The attorney fees involved in your particular case will be quoted to you at your initial meeting with the attorney, and are based on expected attorney time and the complexity of the issues in your case.
For most Chapter 13 cases, our office is able to include most, if not all, of your attorney fees within your Chapter 13 repayment plan. Chapter 13 attorney fees are set and approved by the bankruptcy court, and this office can usually file a Chapter 13 case for you and stop your creditors’ actions without you having to pay the bulk or any of your attorney fees in advance.
Your first consultation with this law firm is always free, and when you meet, you and the attorney can discuss fees and costs, payment options and alternatives for your particular case in greater detail.
Will I be able to keep all of my property if I file bankruptcy?
This office will review all of your real and personal property information with you and can advise you of the protections, or “exemptions”, available to you. Filing bankruptcy does not mean that you will lose everything. Most clients are able to keep their home, car and personal belongings.
If you are buying a home, vehicle, or other personal property in which a creditor holds a security interest, you will need to continue making payments on the property in order to retain it. The attorney will go over your options with respect to such property when you meet.
If you are behind in making payments on the home, vehicle, or other secured property, you may still be able to keep it if you are able to file a Chapter 13 plan and provide for the maintenance of future installment payments and the cure of past-due payments over the life of a Chapter 13 case.
The attorney can talk to you about these possibilities. Feel free to contact this office today!
How long will my bankruptcy stay on my credit report?At present, the federal law governing credit-reporting agencies provides that credit bureaus cannot report bankruptcy cases on a person’s credit report after 10 years from the date of the bankruptcy filing. This rule includes the reporting of Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 cases.
You can acquire free credit reports once per year, at annualcreditreport.com. Do so if you need to check your reports for accuracy.
If I filed bankruptcy before, how soon am I eligible to file another bankruptcy case?
You are only allowed one Chapter 7 discharge within 8 years of the date you filed a previous Chapter 7 case. If it has been more than 8 years since a prior Chapter 7 filing, you may be eligible to file Chapter 7 again, and our office can help you in deciding if that option is available to you.
In addition, you cannot file a Chapter 7 case within 6 years of a Chapter 13 petition date unless in the prior Chapter 13 case, you paid allowed unsecured claims in full (100%), or you made plan payments in the prior Chapter 13 case of enough to pay at least 70% of allowed unsecured claims and your prior Chapter 13 plan was proposed in good faith and was your best effort. Furthermore, if you filed a prior Chapter 7 case and obtained a Chapter 7 discharge within 4 years of filing a new Chapter 13 case, you will not be able to get a discharge in the new Chapter 13 case. If you filed a prior Chapter 13 case and obtained a Chapter 13 discharge within 2 years of filing a new Chapter 13 case, you will be ineligible for a discharge in the second Chapter 13 case.
If one of these situations may apply to you, you can discuss it with attorney Kim MacLeod at your free initial consultation.
Can I re-establish credit after bankruptcy?
Filing bankruptcy of any kind will negatively impact your credit rating, but that does not mean that you cannot take steps to re-establish your credit once your bankruptcy case has been discharged.
If you filed a Chapter 7 case, you will not be able to file another such case for 8 years. Future creditors may realize that and may be willing to extend you credit, but possibly at an interest rate higher than normal.
If you have filed a Chapter 13 case, you generally cannot rebuild your credit until after your plan has been completed, but once your case is discharged, you may also have credit opportunities available to you. The attorney may suggest options for credit rebuilding once you have completed your case.
Your goals after bankruptcy should be to use credit wisely in the future, budget your expenses and pay your bills on time.


After graduating as a gold medalist from law school in India, Ayushi read for her master’s degree at Oxford as a Weidenfeld-Hoffmann scholar, focussing on human rights, equality law, and medical ethics. She was then awarded the Bonavero Institute of Human Rights fellowship to work on improving access to justice for Afro-Colombian communities at DeJusticia, Bogota. Ayushi taught for a while in India and then returned to Oxford to commence her PhD on the equality implications of the use of human enhancement technology. She currently teaches law at Queen’s College, Oxford, serves as the Junior Dean at St. Benet’s Hall, and coordinates the mooting program at the Law Faculty. Ayushi has a keen interest in and has taught painting and mindfulness, as well as poetry to children. She is fluent in English, Hindi, and Urdu, and is proud of having traveled to 25 countries before she turned 25 (Morocco, Macedonia, and Vietnam are her favorites).


|Mr Thomas John Rees
| October 1939: "PILOT'S DIVORCE. WIFE WHO WAS 'IN LOVE WITH ANOTHER MAN' In the Divorce Court to-day Mr. Justice Bucknill granted a decree nisi to Mr. Thomas John Rees, formerly an Imperial Airways pilot and now an officer in the R.A.F., who gave his address as Kelston Lodge, Repton.
Mr. Rees alleged misconduct by his wife, Kathleen Rees, and the suit was undefended.
The marriage took place in 1935 at Devonport. Early in 1938, according to the petitioner's case, Mrs. Rees said that she was love with another man, and they separated. Mr. Rees later found that his wife had stayed with a man at a London Hotel in June, 1938. Costs were given against the co-respondent, Leslie Whittome."


Thu, Nov 05|
Solutions Not Suspensions: A Virtual Webinar
Presented by The Suspensions, Trauma, & Juvenile Justice Work Group of STSI Inc.
Time & Location
Nov 05, 2020, 6:30 PM – 8:00 PM
About the event
Sister to Sister International & Community Partners present a "Solutions Not Suspensions" webinar as part of the Black Women Girl-Child initiative action pillar: Trauma, Suspensions & the Juvenile Justice System. The pillar aims to reduce suspensions and school-related trauma as a result of disparities in exclusionary discipline in Westchester County.


Disclosure of Sexual Misconduct
We are committed to responding to and supporting members of the ANU community who have been impacted by sexual assault or sexual harassment.
If you are in immediate danger, please call emergency services on 000 or ANU Security (if on-campus) on (02) 6125 2249.
This form is managed by the Student Safety and Wellbeing Case Managers and enables ANU community members to disclose a current or past incident of sexual assault or sexual harassment.
The University provides two pathways for disclosures:
Pathway One: provides the opportunity for the person who has experienced sexual assault or sexual harassment to provide their contact details to a Student Safety and Wellbeing Case Manager. This form can be completed by anyone:
- who has a personal experience with sexual assault or sexual harassment
- who is actively supporting a victim/survivor and has that person's consent to complete a disclosure
- who directly witnessed a sexual assault or sexual harassment
- who is a third party (e.g., a staff member providing information/support and the victim/survivor has given consent for the third party to complete the disclosure form)
Pathway Two: provides the opportunity to complete a de-identified disclosure. This form can be completed by anyone:
- who has a personal experience with sexual assault or sexual harassment but does not want to identify themselves or does not want contact from a Student Safety and Wellbeing Case Manager at this stage
- who has received a disclosure but does not have the consent of the victim/survivor to provide identifying information
- who is aware that sexual assault/sexual harassment has occurred and wants to inform the ANU for the purposes of data collection
Anyone seeking support or further information prior to submitting a disclosure can contact Student Safety and Wellbeing by emailing firstname.lastname@example.org or phoning (02) 6125 2211 and asking to speak with a Case Manager. Information can also be found at Health, safety & wellbeing - ANU
All disclosures are treated respectfully and confidentially with the Case Manager guiding their engagement according to the wishes of the person who has experienced the behaviour.
The primary purpose of disclosure is to provide a person who has experienced sexual assault or sexual harassment with coordinated support, appropriate information and referrals to relevant services at ANU and in the broader community. A secondary purpose is to improve the university's understanding of the prevalence of sexual assault and sexual harassment through improved information collection.
If you are looking for information on lodging a formal report with the ANU under the Discipline rule, visit Office of the Registrar, Student Misconduct - Staff Services - ANU


When we request documents from you, we’ll need any copies you send to us to be Certified. This means they’ve been validated by an independent, professionally qualified person.
The information below explains how to make sure the documents you send to us are properly Certified.
Who can Certify a document?
We accept the following professional individuals certification:
- bank or building society official
- chartered accountant
- solicitor (SRA regulated) or notary
The person you ask shouldn’t be:
- related to you
- living at the same address
- in a relationship with you
How to Certify a document
Take the photocopied document and the original and ask the person to certify the copy by:
- writing ‘Certified to be a true copy of the original seen by…’ on the document
- signing and dating it
- printing their name under the signature
- adding their occupation, business name if applicable, address and telephone number
The person certifying the document may charge you a fee.
Please note, we do not accept certified copies of copies, or identification that has been scanned and then photocopied.
If you need to certify a translation of a document that’s not written in English or Welsh, ask the translation company to confirm in writing on the translation:
- that it’s a ‘true and accurate translation of the original document’
- the date of the translation
- the full name and contact details of the translator or a representative of the translation company
Certifying a copy of a Lasting Power of Attorney (LPA)
You can confirm that a copy of your Lasting Power of Attorney (LPA) is genuine by having an SRA regulated solicitor certify it. You or your attorney can use a certified copy to register your LPA if you don’t have the original form.
Your attorney can also use it in the same way as the original – to prove they’ve got permission to make decisions on your behalf, e.g. to manage your bank account.
How to Certify an LPA
An SRA regulated solicitor must write the following text on the bottom of every page of the copy:
“I certify this is a true and complete copy of the corresponding page of the original lasting power of attorney.”
The SRA regulated solicitor must sign and date every page.
On the final page of the copy, the SRA regulated solicitor must also:
- Write “I certify this is a true and complete copy of the original Lasting Power of Attorney.”
- Provide their signature and the date
- Print their name under the signature
- Provide their occupation, name of the SRA regulated solicitor firm, address and telephone number
If you have any questions about identification or Certifying your documents, contact us on 0330 380 1181 (Monday to Friday 9am to 5pm excluding bank holidays).


A Brief History of Black Suffrage
The Civil War lasted from 1861-1865. The result of the Civil War was the end of hundreds of years of slavery in the United States. The amendments that brought the legal end to slavery, the citizenship of African Americans and enfranchisement of Blacks were the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments.
The 13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment was ratified December 6, 1865 and it stated that “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” This means slavery or forced servitude is unconstitutional and illegal in the United States UNLESS someone has been convicted of a crime. This amendment is controversial because of the second part that allows involuntary servitude when convicted of a crime. It is what has led to the rise of the prison complex in the United States which many believe has replaced slavery in unfairly controlling minorities.
The 14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment was ratified on July 9, 1868 and it said “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and the State wherein they reside.” This meant that formerly enslaved people officially became citizens of the United States and the states that they lived in. (This is also the amendment that is being challenged by President Trump who wants to end birthright citizenship).
The 15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment was ratified on February 3, 1870 and says “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude” This amendment successfully gave African American MEN the right to vote because at this time in American history, no woman was extended suffrage.
These three amendments are some of the most important in African American History. They freed and legalized Black people, and enfranchised Black Men. During Reconstruction, a time period that lasted from roughly 1865-1877, these amendments were exercised to their full extent. African American men took political office, organized, and Black men and women alike began taking active roles in the communities that once enslaved them. This came with great push back from the White southern communities and is what gave rise to the infamous Klu Klux Klan. Klan members began terrorizing Black communities with horrid violence and intimidation, targeting especially those who exercised their right to vote. Rape was used as a targeted form of violence against Black Women whose husband’s voted or became active in the community. Although not talked about often, African American Women’s history is a long legacy of sexual violence and intimidation; direct retaliation because of their race.
With the end of Reconstruction in 1877 mass intimidation, murder, and rape of Black women was used to keep African Americans from even registering to vote. That coupled with state mandated poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather laws, and other tactics, effectively suppressed the votes of African Americans for decades.
In 1920 the 19th Amendment passed. It stated “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.” White women everywhere rejoiced. Now, by all legal standards every United States Citizen had the right to vote, including African American Women and that right to vote could not be denied based on race or sex. The violent intimidation of southern voters did not stop and the efforts of the state to legally suppress African American votes continued so that Southern Blacks continued to be disenfranchised.
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
This is why the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was important. It was signed into law on August 6, 1965 by President Lyndon Johnson. It did not give African Americans the right to vote, it prevented the states from employing suppressive tactics like poll taxes and literacy tests to keep certain people, mainly African Americans, from voting. The bill stated “An act to enforce the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution…” the notable sections made it illegal for states to require qualifications or prerequisites for voting based on race. It also required states that were using tests or other devices to prevent African Americans from voting or that had less than 50% of the eligible voting population registered to vote before November 1, 1964 to have their elections monitored by the federal government. This act ended decades of voter suppression for African Americans.
Portions of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 have been repealed by new legislation and voter suppression has taken new forms and targeted minorities and lower income people. Voter picture ID laws, disenfranchisement of convicted felons, and other tactics have been cited as adversely affecting certain groups of people. In the recent election we have seen multiple voting issues across the country most heavily in Florida and Georgia were ballots have gone uncounted, the states have challenged ballots based on signatures, and revoked voter registrations without the voters knowledge because they had not voted in the past two elections.
Voter suppression is not new and it has not gone away. Thinly veiled racists and elitist tactics to keep certain groups from exercising their right to vote are not a part of our American Democracy and activism is still needed to protect the voices of all American citizens.
*It is important to note this is a history of suffrage that is specific to African Americans. Other minority groups such as Native Americans, Asian Americans, and Latinx Americans have had their own journeys to full suffrage that do not exactly match this time line*


Free Shipping Policy
The following Free Shipping Policy apply to the use of Birmingham Reptiles and Pets Ltd. By accessing this website and placing an order, you are subject to the following Terms and Conditions. Use of Birmingham Reptiles and Pets Ltd is an acceptance in agreement with these Terms and Conditions. Our Free Shipping Terms and Conditions are an addition to our standard Terms and Conditions.
1.1: In acceptance of the Terms and Conditions, you can use all search facilities within Birmingham Reptiles and Pets Ltd and access all products within the site.
1.2: We may revise these terms and conditions by updating this page. You should check this page from time to time to review the then-current terms and conditions for any further updates and changes. Specific provisions of these terms and conditions may be superseded by legal notices or terms located on this website's particular pages.
2. FREE SHIPPING REQUIREMENTS
2.1: When ordering online, you are deemed to place the order through our secure online checkout process. As part of our checkout process, you will be given the opportunity to check your order and correct any errors. This information is also available by logging into your account online using your password and username created on registration.
2.2.: Where free shipping is applicable for orders over £100; the discount code will automatically be provided and applied to your order. However, for our Live Food free shipping for orders over £30, the discount code 'LIVEFOOD2023' must be applied manually.
2.3: We reserve the right to refuse an order if the total amount of Live Food products in the cart does not amount to £30 and a discount code has been applied.
2.4: We reserve the right to refuse an order if the products selected do not meet our size and weight requirements for free shipping. They are as follows: the max item(s) weight cannot exceed 20kg; 61cm length; 46cm x width; 46cm x thickness/depth.
2.5: We may refuse to accept an order:
(a) where goods are out of stock or no longer available;
(b) where we cannot obtain authorisation for your payment;
(c) if there has been a pricing or product description error; or
(d) if you do not meet any eligibility criteria set out in our Store Policy.
If you have any enquiries regarding our Store Policy, please contact us.


This HeinOnline collection brings together, for the first time, all known legal materials on slavery in the United States and the English-speaking world. This includes every statute passed by every colony and state on slavery, every federal statute dealing with slavery, and all reported state and federal cases on slavery.
"HeinOnline is the world's largest fully searchable, image-based government document and legal research database. It contains comprehensive coverage from inception of both U.S. statutory materials, U.S. Congressional Documents and more than 2,400 scholarly journals, all of the world's constitutions, all U.S. treaties, collections of classic treatises and presidential documents, and access to the full text of state and federal case law powered by Fastcase. This HeinOnline package also offers special topical collections on Religion and the Law and Women and the Law."


In stepped up activity over Thursday and Friday, militants attacked a policeman, a police station, a former counter-insurgent and the house of a Superintendent of Police in south Kashmir.The policeman, identified as Saleem Yousuf Bhat, who was on leave at Kulgam’s Yamrach area, was fired upon on Thursday evening. Also in Kulgam’s Qoimoh, suspected militants barged into the house of a Superintendent of Police-rank officer. However, he was not at home and the militants left after ransacking the premises. The house of a counter-insurgent, whose identity could not be ascertained immediately, was also set on fire by militants in Kulgam’s Bachroo area.The spurt in attacks on local police is being attributed to police action against the family of a militant, Tauseef Sheikh, whose role is being investigated in the killing of a policeman, Nazir Ahmad Tantray. Tantray was shot dead in Kulgam on Wednesday. Locals accused the security forces of excesses during a raid on Sheikh’s house with members of the family allegedly suffering injuries due to police action. Militants also fired upon an army patrol and a police station in nearby Shopian district on Thursday night. There were no reports of any injuries.Rawat in J&KArmy chief General Bipin Rawat on Friday arrived in Jammu and visited forward positions on theLoC in Rajouri and Poonch. He will chair a security review meeting.


When folks find out that I buy houses from distressed
homeowners during the preforeclosure stage, they always ask
the same question: “How do you find them?”
My simplest answer is: “At the courthouse.”
Distressed properties are always easiest to find when a
mortgage lender begins the foreclosure process. (The process
is triggered when the borrower fails to make a mortgage
payment.) Technically speaking this is the “preforeclosure”
stage. The borrower/homeowner has missed one or more
payments, the sheriff’s sale or public auction is looming on
the horizon, and the homeowner realizes he may soon lose his
Depending on which state you live in, the lender either
records a Notice of Default (NOD) or files a judicial
foreclosure lawsuit against the borrower. As soon as the
foreclosure is public information, it’s relatively easy to
So, depending on which property I’m interested in, I either
do a search at the county courthouse or I get the
information from a legal newspaper that has done the
searching for me.
The hardest part is finding a property that has any equity
in it. What I’m looking for is a Loan To Value (LTV) of 80%
or less. For example, if a property has a market value of
$100,000, the homeowner can’t owe more than $75,000 -$80,000
on the property.
Why? Because I can’t spend more than $75,000 – $80,000 for
the property and still make a decent profit.
That includes what I pay for the property
(principle, interest, taxes, and insurance), my repair
costs, and my holding costs. I have been known to pass on a
great deal, simply because it was November and I wasn’t
convinced that the property would sell before summer.
I always factor in having to pay the holding costs
on a property for at least six months while I remodel or
market the house. If the numbers don’t work, I walk away.
Sometimes it takes quite a bit of research to find a
property that I can make a profit on, but the rewards are
Now, before you call me a mercenary just because I look for
distressed properties to profit on, let me say this:
Somebody profits from every foreclosure – and it might as
well be you or me.
Some people think it is unethical to benefit from another
person’s misfortune of losing their home or investment
property by buying it from them in the preforeclosure
stage. But I disagree. I look at buying preforeclosures as
opportunities to help the distressed owners save their
credit. When I buy their property, their debt is paid off
and they are free to move on with their lives.
Foreclosures and other property distress are caused by
divorce, unemployment, death, medical emergency, economic
downturn, and any number of personal problems.
Recently, many homeowners bought expensive homes or
refinanced to take equity out of their homes when the
interest rates dropped. Those that later lost their jobs or
had a medical emergency suddenly lost their ability to make
mortgage payments. Many of those houses are now coming on
the market as foreclosures because their owners haven’t been
able to sell them.They think of me as their guardian angel
when I am able to buy their property prior to the sheriff’s
sale, save their credit, and pay off their debt.
For the most part, homeowners understand I need to make a
profit to stay in business. If they are “upside down” in
their house (meaning, they owe more than the property is
worth), and there is no equity in the property, then it is
very unlikely that they will be able to sell quickly — to
me or anyone else — and get out from under their debt.


When Intimate Partner Violence Comes to Work: What Employers Need to Know During COVID-19
Intimate partner violence is a human rights violation that cuts across all social and economic classes, cultures, races, sexual orientation, and religious and political persuasions. Understanding how to respond and work towards preventing and ultimately eradicating Intimate partner violence when it comes to the workplace must be a priority for all companies as eliminating IPV is a pre-requisite to achieving the 2030 Agenda.
How does intimate partner violence show up in the workplace?
Victims and survivors of IPV may experience abusive behaviors from their partner even when at work. The ways IPV shows up may vary, but common experiences include:
These are any behaviors that delay a person from being able to arrive at work on time or at all, and often occur at home. Workplace disruptions may include:
Assaulting a partner so they have visible injuries and are unlikely to appear at work
Hiding a partner's car keys, wallet, work computer, or other necessary items to commute to work or do their job.
Creating conflict in the home that leaves the partner too stressed or upset to arrive at work on time or at all.
Behaving in a threatening manner towards children or pets so the victim is afraid to leave them alone with their partner.
ON-THE-JOB HARASSMENT, THREATS, AND STALKING
These behaviors include any harassment, threats, or stalking that occurs while the victim is at work. In cases of IPV, these behaviors are specifically committed by an intimate partner and intentionally committed while the victim is at work. Some examples include:
Stalking a partner to their place of employment, either physically or digitally.
Threatening to share personal or intimate photos or videos with the partner's coworkers or supervisor.
Creating disruptions during the partner's workday that results in their attention being diverted to the abusive partner.
A study by the University of Kentucky found that 20% of women fatally injured at work were harmed by an abusive partner. That same study found 40% of women who had filed for a restraining order in the previous 12 months reported being harassed, either in person or over the phone, by their partner while at work. A partner may show up to the victim's place of work with the intention of harming the, or with threatening and harassing behaviors that escalate.
IPV has the potential to have a negative impact on a survivor's productivity. This can show up in a variety of ways, including:
Time spent managing a partner's behaviors.
Arriving late and leaving early as a result of their partner's behaviors.
Time off work as a result of injuries.
Distractions from the stress and trauma created from managing an abusive partner.
Time off work for court and legal hearings.
MEDICAL, ADMINISTRATIVE, AND LIABILITY COSTS
Employers face increased medical, administrative, and liability costs when employees experience IPV. The increased absenteeism, tardiness, and turnover have a financial toll on companies. If a victim or other employees are harmed by an act of workplace violence triggered by IPV a company may also be liable.
Safety Planning with Survivors in the Workplace
CREATE A CULTURE OF CARE
Survivors who feel supported by their colleagues are more likely to disclose experiencing IPV. By building a work culture that values people for more than their productivity and encourages people to build relationships with each other, employers may encourage victims to disclose critical safety information that could help protect the victim and all employees.
DEVELOP A WORKPLACE POLICY
Many employers report not having a policy to address IPV in the workplace, which often results in reactive and punitive actions against the victim. A policy will provide employers with a guide on how to address issues of IPV in a supportive, collaborative, safe, and effective manner.
ENSURE PHYSICAL SAFETY MEASURES ARE PRESENT
Survivors and victims of IPV safety plan on an ongoing basis, which includes assessing their physical environment for ways that will reduce risk and promote safety. Things such as locks on office doors, well-lit hallways and parking lots, and office spaces that are not near windows can increase a survivor's physical safety while at work.
TAKE RESTRAINING ORDERS SERIOUSLY
If a survivor is able to obtain a restraining or protection order, they are often advised by domestic violence advocates to provide a copy to their employers. Many survivors report being afraid to do so for fear that it won't be taken seriously, or that they'll be punished for it. If a survivor provides a copy of a restraining order, it's critical employers take it seriously and support survivors in enforcing it while at work.
NOTIFY WORKPLACE OR BUILDING SECURITY
If a survivor discloses abuse to their employer, one option available is to notify workplace or building security. This should be done with the survivor's consent and in partnership with the survivor.
WORK WITH SURVIVORS TO ENSURE PERFORMANCE GOALS ARE MET
IPV can impact a survivor's work performance, especially if time is taken off for court or legal proceedings. Being proactive in discussing this concerns and developing a plan will help to ensure both survivors and their employer's have professional goals met.
MAKE REASONABLE ACCOMMODATIONS
Supporting survivors and victims through reasonable accommodations is a critical aspect of comprehensive safety planning. This allows survivors to prioritize their safety so that in the long-term they are able to commit fully to other aspects of their lives. Some reasonable accommodations may include:
Flexing work schedules to accommodate appointments resulting from the abuse
Allowing survivors to work from home if necessary for their safety
Collaborating with survivors to address any performance issues that may arise, and develop a plan to address them.


Renter Default and Eviction Policy
A Renter will be considered in ‘default’ under the following circumstances.
- The Renter has failed to pay any fees when due.
- The Renter has failed to vacate the Space by the end of their agreed upon rental period.
- The Renter has failed to comply with any provision of the Terms of Service, this rental agreement, or any supplemental rules provided by the Owner.
- The Renter has violated health, safety or criminal laws on the Owner’ property, regardless of whether arrest or conviction has occurred.
If a Renter is considered to be in ‘default’ they can be subject to an ‘eviction with cause’ per the terms outlined in the Eviction Policy.
An Owner may request the removal of the Renter’s Items from their owned space (i.e. “evict” the Renter) at any time in cases of Renter ‘default’ (outlined in the ‘Renter Default’ policy) or has violated the Terms of Service in any way. This will be considered an ‘eviction with cause.’ The Owner will not be charged any penalty and the Renter will forfeit all charges paid.
If Renter is in ‘default’ and subject to a “no-cause eviction,” the Owner may exercise one or more of the following remedies.
- Deny Renter access to the Space or Renter’s property until default is cured including all additional fees accrued while the Goods were in the Owner’s possession.
- Contact XS Spaces for support with eviction, at which point XS Spaces will arrange for the transfer of Goods into the care of XS Spaces. The Goods will then no longer be under the care of the Owner. XS Spaces will hold the Goods and may exercise all of the same options described in this section until the lien is considered satisfied. XS Spaces may enforce lien by seizure and sale of all Goods by nonjudicial foreclosure under the Owner’s local and state codes. Seizure and sale will only be for default in paying sums due. XS Spaces may accept partial payments but only payments in full, including applicable fees, will stop a lien sale.
An Owner may request the Renter who is not in ‘default’ or has violated any of the Terms of Service (i.e. a renter in ‘good-standing’) vacate their space prior to the agreed upon rental end date. If this is the case and the Owner gives the Renter less than two (2) weeks notice, this will be considered a ‘no-cause’ eviction. The Owner will be charged an eviction fee equivalent to six (6) weeks of the listed rate of the Owner’s Space and will provide a good faith effort to let the Renter retrieve all of their items.