zenpolitics	in Books, democracy, Europe, government, Literature, Media, Poetry, Politics, Travel, USA	 Feb 26, 2021 Feb 26, 2021 998 Words
Poetry and politics out of San Francisco
Ferlinghetti and Hirschman, and remembering also the Turkish writer, Ahmet Altan
Back in the 1950s and 60s people were living on the edge, as they are now, in Covid times. The threat of nuclear war was ever-present. And by the 60s many of us were engaged in a fully-fledged protest movement. But we could be out there, talking, drinking, smoking, demonstrating. And a whole lot more.
I’ve been reading two San Francisco poets, Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Jack Hirschman. Back in 1953 Ferlinghetti founded the City Lights Bookstore, and in 1956 he published Allen Ginsberg’s Howl, and after he was prosecuted famously won a court case asserting the right of free speech under the First Amendment. Some forty years later, in 1998, he was named the first San Francisco Poet Laureate. Hirschman, in 2006, was the fourth.
I had a Hirschman book on order… this was last Monday. The following day there arrived an email from a friend over in the States with a PS – had I seen the news, Ferlinghetti had just died. Aged 101. I’m sad, really sad, he’s gone. Amazed he was still alive.
Remember Howl? OK, you don’t remember. We weren’t alive or we were too young. But it’s a manifesto for anarchy, of a very 1950s and 60s kind. Not the destructive anarchy of the New Right of our own time. It’s the dream anarchy that the world will somehow set itself right. It’s just that ‘America’ is getting in the way. Ginsberg celebrates ‘the best minds of his generation’, they’re ‘angel-headed hipsters … who poverty and tatters and hollowed-eyed and high sat up smoking in the supernatural darkness of cold-water flats floating across the tops of cities contemplating jazz’. It’s political – but it doesn’t have a prospectus. It just wants you to know that it scorns the whole crazy moneyed apparatus of society.
Ferlinghetti also had the anarchist instinct but he was a practical guy. Founded the bookstore, published Howl, won that court case. But he also knew how to hit home: his is a ‘concrete continent/ spaced with bland billboards/ illustrating imbecile illusions of happiness’. (A Coney Island of the Mind, 1958) Come 2007 he was more relaxed, the gentrification of San Francisco a big issue. But he was still campaigning for ‘poems that say something supremely original and supremely important, which everyone aches to hear, poetry that cries out to be heard, poetry that’s news’. Maybe the mass media might just print it, if it was ‘a new kind of news’. Though maybe ‘poets would still be ignored by our dominant culture, because they’re saying what our materialist, technophiliac world doesn’t want to hear’.
He was also asking that big question – what exactly what is a poet? He’s like an acrobat ‘on a high wire of his own making/ … a little charliechaplin man/ who may or may not catch/her fair eternal form’ when she comes swinging toward him. That’s from ‘A Coney Island’. His ‘Challenges to Young Poets’ from forty years later keeps it simple: ‘Write short poems in the voice of birds.’
Hirschman was something else, a Street not a Beat poet, a radical communist. (His book, ‘All That’s Left’, arrived yesterday.) ‘It was the Street poets who united with common causes…’ He celebrated SF’s Cafe Trieste, where you’d find ‘local radiances like Lawrence Ferlinghetti’, and ‘the older Beats and Baby Beats and the commies, the surrealists, the anarchists, the socialists, the jazzmen, the urban screwballs, the walk-in weirdos’. From another age he remembered ‘Federico, who would die for poetry’ – Lorca was a hero. ‘The sinking house of the setting sun’ was how he characterised New Orleans after Katrina. And, remembering the Virginia Tech massacre of thirty-two people, he wrote, ‘and now you know what a market/in old Baghdad feels like.’.
By contrast, the latter-day Ferlinghetti could be whimsical, a poet to smile and relax with in poems such as the ‘Green Street Mortuary Marching Band’. But he was still the same man. ‘To the Oracle at Delphi’ talks of America as a ‘new Empire … with its electronic highways/carrying its corporate monoculture/round the world’. (San Francisco Poems, 2001)
Hirschman never let up – hasn’t I’m sure to this day. You may or may not appreciate his encomium on Fidel Castro. But in the case of Mumia (Mumia Abu-Jamal) he drills his message home. Black Panther background, sentenced to death for murder in 1981, commuted in 2001, still in jail, many still arguing his case and his cause. Mumia has studied, taken a degree, written books, and inspired, all from jail. Hirschman imagines his final victory – ‘your victory will be the priceless uplifting of the human spirit’.
He refers to Mumia as the ‘Nazim Hikmet/of the American grain, that Turkish poet who/spent 26 years in prison…. No amount of bars/or shackles can chain/the revolutionary impulse/of the human heart’.
Mumia’s case still divides America, along party lines, Right and Left. I am, over in the UK, in no position to comment on the rights and wrongs of his conviction. But the reference to Nazim Hikmet does strike home.
In our own time, as some of us are planning holidays in Turkey, we have the extraordinary and vicious incarceration of Turkish journalists and writers (and teachers and lawyers and many others) under the Erdogan regime. One is the writer Ahmet Altan, arrested in 2016, then released and re-arrested the same day. Now serving a life sentence. In his book (smuggled as extracts from jail), ‘Never will I see the world again’, he writes:
‘Never again would I be able to kiss the woman I love, embrace my kids, meet with my friends…I would not be able to listen to a violin concerto or to go on a trip or browse in bookstores or buy bread from a bakery or gaze at the sea…’
It’s a long paragraph. And it hit me hard.
'I Will Never See The World Again'
Coney Island of the Mind
Ferlinghetti
Jack Hirschman
San Francisco's Poet Laureate
Getting yourself noticed
A year-long foreign-policy review has come to this …


BritainMay 7th 2005 edition
Bagehot
Together again (for now)
A four-week break from the office helped Tony and Gordon rediscover what they had lost. Will it last?
TONY BLAIR may have the most famous (and most irritating) grin in British politics, but during this election campaign, it is the image of the supposedly dour, often sullen chancellor wreathed in smiles that will stick in the memory.
It is not quite true, as some have suggested, that Gordon Brown has been the dominant figure of the campaign—that, for both good and ill, has been Mr Blair. What is not in doubt is that Mr Brown has emerged from the campaign politically stronger than ever before. Moreover, he has done so not at Mr Blair's expense, but by giving the prime minister the kind of unstinting support that has often been lacking during the past eight years.
Given their recent history, the transformation in the Blair-Brown relationship during the past four weeks has been remarkable. On the eve of the campaign, there was still uncertainty as to what role Mr Brown would play. He had been infuriated by Mr Blair's decision to stay in the job for a few more years, by the resurrection of an old enemy, Alan Milburn, to take charge of Labour's re-election strategy and by rumours that he would be forced to move to the Foreign Office. But the notion that he would be a peripheral, sulky figure during the campaign was always implausible. For all their differences, Mr Brown and Mr Blair both wanted Labour to get the largest majority possible.
Yet their willingness, once Labour's focus groups had revealed that pictures of them together provoked much greater enthusiasm than when they were on their own, to turn themselves into an unprecedented election double act was unexpected. For both men, it involved swallowing resentment and pride. For Mr Blair, it was an admission that he had been so tarnished by Iraq that Labour's chances of a third term might be jeopardised if he were the lone figurehead of the campaign. For Mr Brown, it was an acceptance that his own fate remained inextricably tied to that of Mr Blair. So determined are they both to hold on to power that what might seem impossible to normal people was, to them, fairly easy.
What followed initially provoked guffaws from political reporters who had spent years covering their feuds. A party political broadcast directed by Anthony Minghella—a syrupy portrait of a political marriage in which they gazed into each other's eyes and chuckled over memories of old spats—seemed to invite ridicule. But only days later came the launch of Labour's manifesto at which Mr Brown talked enthusiastically about the part that private providers could play in offering choice in publicly funded health care. Even hardened cynics were taken aback.
From that point onwards, the two men were hardly ever seen out of each other's company, rushing to Birmingham to share the pain of the wretched Rover workers, pumping the flesh to get the vote out in marginal constituencies, and appearing in countless photo opportunities and press conferences. When, at the end of last week, the attorney-general's advice on the legality of the war was leaked to newspapers and journalists scented blood, the chancellor interposed his body between Mr Blair and the media pack. The prime minister, said Mr Brown, had not only behaved entirely properly in the run-up to war, but he would have done exactly the same thing. Turning up to be interviewed by Sir David Frost last Sunday, Mr Blair said chirpily: “I'm on my own this morning.”
It isn't just the ruthless professionalism of a couple of seasoned politicians. There's more to it than that. The body language has become increasingly relaxed; their tributes to each other are no longer paid through gritted teeth. Thrown together by necessity during the campaign, they started talking to each other in a way they had not for more than a decade and rediscovered, to their surprise, something close to mutual admiration. What nobody knows, including them, is whether their rapprochement will survive after May 6th.
A test for Mr Brown
Hopes that it may rest on two assumptions. The first is that Mr Brown no longer wants to cast himself as the drag anchor on public-service reform. That may be because his old opposition was driven less by ideology than by the need to find differences with his former friend. It may also be because policies he was once sceptical about are beginning to work: the English NHS, for instance, is performing better than the unreformed versions in Scotland and Wales. Mr Brown's allies maintain that it is nonsense to suggest he has been anti-reform: what irked the chancellor was the self-consciously confrontational way in which Mr Blair set about it. Mr Brown, they say, is happy with both the distinctly New Labour manifesto and the departmental five-year plans that preceded it.
The second assumption is that Mr Brown is reconciled to allowing Mr Blair to carry on for another three years, should he wish to do so, without staging a repeat of the kind of power play that he and his followers mounted about a year ago. In the past few weeks, Mr Blair has as good as anointed Mr Brown as his chosen successor; it is also quite possible that he will quit sooner, especially if the government holds and loses a referendum on the European constitution. For his part, Mr Brown would like nothing better than a smooth transition that would remove the risk of the bitterness that still poisons the Tory party 15 years after Margaret Thatcher was forced out as leader.
It could, however, just as easily turn sour. Mr Brown's self-styled supporters, many of them restless and disaffected, some of them fundamentally hostile to New Labour, have caused plenty of trouble in the past between the prime minister and the chancellor and yearn to see the back of Mr Blair. The future, not just for the Blair-Brown relationship, but also for Labour's ability to win power, may well depend on how determined Mr Brown is to rein them in.
This article appeared in the Britain section of the print edition under the headline "Together again (for now)"
More from Britain
Boris Johnson’s career of rule-breaking runs into crisis
Britain’s energy crisis
Expensive energy is baked into Britain’s future
Choosing to look away
Omicron and the logic of testing
Match and dispatch
Non-religious celebrants are leading more of England’s funerals
What did you expect from Boris Johnson?
From smashing the political status quo to partying during lockdown
It’s not cheap being green
Britain ponders an end to free lateral-flow tests. America is just starting
They could soon get the right to marry people, too
The prime minister, in his own way, is Britain’s most honest politician


Entertaitment
Created: 19 August 2018
Author:Bishal Giri
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LeBron Raymone James (born December 30, 1984) is an American basketball player with the Los Angeles Lakers who garnered the first national attention as the top high school basketball player in the country. He became a four-time NBA MVP with his athleticism and vision. LeBron James became an immediate star after skipping college to join the NBA's Cleveland Cavaliers. After leading the Miami Heat to titles in 2012 and 2013, James returned to Cleveland and won a third championship with Cleveland in 2016.
Childhood and Early Life
Born in Akron, Ohio, in 1984, James is the single child of Gloria James. Gloria struggled to provide for James during his childhood. His father, Anthony McClelland, has an extensive criminal record and was not involved in their life. When James was about five years old, he and his mother moved seven times in a year. Life was often a struggle for the family, as they moved from apartment to apartment in the seedier neighborhoods of Akron while Gloria struggled to find steady work. For a couple of years during elementary school, James lived with a foster family. Regardless of any troubles they may have had, however, James and his mother have a close and strong relationship.
James played high school basketball for St. Vincent–St. Mary High School in his hometown of Akron, Ohio. He joined the Cleveland Cavaliers in 2003 as the first overall draft pick. James quickly emerged as a league star and concluded his first season by winning the NBA Rookie of the Year Award. However, after falling short of the expectations set by the media, fans, and himself, James departed Cleveland in 2010 as a free agent to sign with the Miami Heat.
On January 1, 2012, Lebron James proposed to his high school sweetheart, Savannah Brinson and married in a private ceremony with about 200 guests in San Diego on September 14, 2013. James and Brinson have two sons and one daughter together. In October 2004, James welcomed his first son LeBron Jr. On June 14, 2007, Brinson gave birth to their second son, Bryce Maximus James. Their third child, daughter Zhuri James, was born on October 22, 2014.
Standing 6 feet 8 inches and weighing 250 pounds, James can play forward and power as well as other three positions. His athletic and versatile playing style has drawn comparisons to Hall of Famers Oscar Robertson, Magic Johnson, and Michael Jordan. James's career averages are 27.2 points, 7.4 rebounds, 7.2 assists, and 1.6 steals per game.
Net Worth and Salary
According to Forbes magazine, LeBron James’ net worth was $275 million.
James made his Olympic debut at the 2004 Summer Games in Athens, Greece and won, bronze medals after defeating Lithuania. In the summer of 2008, James traveled to Beijing, China, to play with the likes of Bryant, Jason Kidd and Dwyane Wade on the U.S. Olympic basketball team. The team brought home the gold after defeating Spain in the final round .James competed at his third Olympic Games in 2012, at the Summer Olympics in London. The U.S. basketball team took the gold medal — James' second consecutive Olympic gold.
James has worked to help others through his charity works, establishing the LeBron James Family Foundation in 2004, along his mother Gloria, where he help out children and single-parent families in need. Among its various programs, the organization builds playgrounds in economically disadvantaged areas.
Achievements and Honors
James' NBA accomplishments include four NBA Most Valuable Player Awards, three NBA Finals MVP Awards, two Olympic gold medals, three All-Star Game MVP awards, and an NBA scoring title. He is the all-time NBA playoffs scoring leader and has amassed fourteen NBA All-Star Game appearances, twelve All-NBA First Team designations, and five All-Defensive First Team honors.
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Man convicted after shootout with Manatee sheriff's deputies
MANATEE COUNTY — A man was found guilty of attempted manslaughter after he fired multiple shots at deputies, saying he thought he was shooting at burglars.
According to the office of Ed Brodsky, state attorney for the 12th Judicial Circuit, a jury convicted Mark Davis, 37, on Thursday in the Feb. 6, 2017, incident.
On that date, Davis called 911 and reported that shots had been fired. When Manatee County Sheriff's Office deputies arrived at his home in the 3600 block of 29th St. E. and attempted to make contact with Davis at the front door, he fired about 25 shots at them through his bedroom window. Deputies returned fire, and Davis was later arrested. No one was injured.
At his trial, Davis testified that he believed he was shooting at burglars. Prosecutors said there was no evidence at the scene or on his surveillance video to support that belief.
Sentencing will take place at a later date. Davis faces a maximum sentence of 45 years in prison.


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Antonio Jackson - ATH
School:Benedictine c/o 2024


The Pixel Hunt
Studio de production de jeux du réel
Inua, a Story in Ice and Time
Bury me, my Love
Posted on 26 April 2013 13 September 2018 by ThePixelHunt
Introducing the “Choose Your Own Adventure News Item”
Last summer, I was delighted to be a columnist for #Antibuzz, a radio show about the internet, held by French public radio France Inter. Today, #Antibuzz is back, not as a radio broadcast but as a website, and I’ve been asked to talk once a month about new online storytelling formats. Well, this is great for at least two reasons : those questions are of the highest interest to me, and I already wrote a column last July about Anna Anthropy’s great Rise of the videogame Zinesters, and DIY videogames in general. I therefore decided to write my first digital #Antibuzz piece on another videogames related topic – in my opinion, they are a bottomless source of inspiration for anyone thinking about non-linear narratives and storytelling.
What subject are videogames suited to tackle? They tend to get obsessed by war, they sometimes talk about strange italian plumbers… But are they fit to discuss, criticize, describe, explain or make fun of reality? Apparently not, at least not for Apple. In the past few months/years, the Cupertino brand indeed has banned from the App Store’s virtual shelves several games whose common ground was to hold a point of view on the real world.
But this article’s purpose isn’t to tell you my column’s story – if you’re interested, you can go and browse it – it’s written in French, though. What I’m going to do here is explain how I tried to give it an original form. In fact, this piece itself is a newsgame, or to be more specific, a “Choose Your Own Narrative Chronicle”. I thought this form was particularly suited to the topic of Apple banning newsgames, but I can think of a lot of other journalistic topics that would benefit from such an editorial device.
As I wrote that column, my goal was twofold:
Introduce the reader to the four cases of Apple censorship that I had listed, while avoiding to write a classic text that would turn into a quite indigestible juxtaposition of examples.
Try to write a piece of news that is “interactive”, i.e, that is structured around a discussion rather than a discourse.
I am indeed convinced that the second point sums up the internet’s true comparative advantage. For the first time in the history of the press, journalists are truly able to leave a little room to their readers. We can adapt the way we tell them news stories, taking their interests, their questions and their priorities into consideration. This track deserves to be explored. Of course, such news pieces are more demanding for the readers, since it requires them to be active, rather than to “passively” read/watch/listen to a classic, linear journalistic discourse. But it also is potentially more immersive, more intense, more attention-grabbing. Compare this to an university course: which is the one you’d enjoy the most, the one in which you’ll have to participate or the boring, endless lecture?
Then again, I must admit my column’s only partially interactive: the reader has to make choices for the narrative to unfold, but she’s only as “free” as I decided she’d. We are somehow closer to a Socratic approach than to a genuine discussion here. But take it as a first draft, produced in a bare two working days – I felt I had to put myself in real newsroom time constraints for the experiment to be interesting.
Let’s write a system!
My (hyper)text’s general idea was to provide an overview of the games rejected by Apple because they talk about reality, and the specific reasons why they were turned down. So I started by making a list, noting each game’s specifics. One of them adopted a journalistic approach to deal with the conflict in Syria. Two others had political significance: the first dealt with sweatshops, the second with undocumented immigrants. And the last one, produced by a group of activists, had a “meta” dimension, since by criticizing the smartphones’ production line, it directly challenged Apple.
Besides, I have discarder other games because they did not meet my journalistic angle. For example, Pipe Trouble is an online game that has suffered censorship because it dealt with the conflict between pipelines builders and environmentalists in Canada – it could have been an interesting case. But it is TVO, the Ontarian TV channel, which decided to take the game offline after several complaints, not Apple. Pipe Trouble thereby did not belong to my column.
So far, I had done basic journalistic job: identify the elements of the story, put each into context, and think about how they organize in relation to each other. But it is the rendering of this work that is different. Had I written a classic article, I would have decided to present my information in a static order (What exemple will I use as my piece’s hook? Which one will come next?…). But writing a non-linear chronicle implies to transfer this responsibility to the reader.
I just did a bit of storytelling and asked the user to imagine she’s in charge of a video games compagny. What type of game will she produce? Will she wants to make a political game or a news-related game? Then if she opts for a political game, she’ll have to pick a theme: sweatshops or undocumented immigrants?…
I then tell my reader about real-world game studios that have taken the same decisions she has, and introduce her with the obstacles they faced. Later in the story, when at least one of my reader’s games has been rejected by Apple, I’ll give her the opportunity to “take revenge” and develop another title, this time directly aimed at criticizing the Cupertino firm…
Next step to the story: this way !
What I’m doing here is I’m giving the reader the opportunity to explore the system I identified through my work as a journalist, and “rebuilt” as an interactive chronicle. In this system, there’s no way Apple would validate a game that talks about a real-world issues. Here’s the conclusion I want to bring my readers to, so that they’d finally ask themselves a question: why such a policy?
To get there, I’m using a game mechanic coined by Ian Bogost: the rhetoric of failure. In my story (as in reality), the reader’s games will always be rejected from the App Store, regardless of the choices she makes – that is, unless she decides to produce a purely distracting title, but in this case she’ll have relinquished her will to use games as a media to describe the real world. Once she’s suffered several rejections, I finally allow the reader to reach the piece’s “conclusion”: an attempted analysis of Apple’s policy, and an inventory of alternative solutions available to developers who’d like their products to exist out of the App Store and its censorship.
Hack your word processor
Here’s for the approach to non-linear journalism. Now how did I manage to build this piece? Well I used a simple program, originally designed to write interactive fiction/CYOA games: Twine. This program has several advantages:
It is easy
It allows you to export your text in HTML format, thus making it compatible with every computer, tablet and even smartphone on the market
It can handle variables, which, through not mandatory, is extremely useful to provide narrative coherence (more on that later on)
Twine’s interface’s quite austere, but it is very easy to use. You’ll start writing your text in a window, and when you’ll reach the part where you’d like to offer your reader a choice, you’ll simply select a word or phrase and click “create link” in the program menu. This will open a new window, where you’ll continue writing your text. Then, when you’ll export and publish your story, the user will simply have to click the words you selected (which appear in blue and bold) to continue reading.
Twine’s interface is a bit rough around the edges, but efficient as hell
As you write, Twine drawe a map of your story. It’s very handy to check your reader’s available paths through it, and also to make sure they won’t be stuck in any narrative cul-de-sac. In the end, a story diagram may seem complex, but since you write it over the pen, you’ll easily be able to browse through it. For instance, here is how my #Antibuzz column looked like:
The story starts in the upper left corner and ends in the lower right
Twine also accepts HTML tags, and other media integration: audio, video (Youtube embed works great), images… In a nutshell, through a bit of coding, you’ll be able to do all the things you can do in a basic news website’s CMS. For instance, my chronicle is enhanced with a series of links pointing to many articles written on each case of Apple censorship.
But what makes Twine a far better tool than a classic HTML editor is its ability to handle variables. Through some (once again very straigt-forward) code, you’ll be able to keep track of the passages your reader has reached. This is important because it gives you editorial control over your narrative. If you think the reader should not be able to access a part of your story without having previously read another, just tell Twine to display a link only if another one has already been clicked on. I did that in my column: I only presented the Molleindustria (the studio that produced a game directly critiquing Apple) case after at least one of my reader’s other games has been rejected by the Cupertino company.
Let’s also note that using variable means you actually transform a text into a “real” game. To me, the definition of a game is quite wide: it’s an experience framed by rules and whose result varies depending on user actions. Using a variable to keep track of how many times each player is rejected by Apple before arriving at the narrative’s unfolding, I built one of the very first news-piece-with-a-score!
On this screenshot, the underlined text varies according to the path the reader took on her way to the narrative’s conclusion.
Would you like to use Twine to conduct experiments in non-linear storytelling (be it journalistic or not), a very simple tutorial is available here. Incidentally, this software can also be very useful to imagine interactive documentaries architectures.
This article’s final point is that I think online newsrooms should learn how to use such tools, the same way they learned how to use Storify, Thinglink, Zeega or other multimedia storytelling tool. This could be an easy, efficient and quick solution to offer their readers new, more interactive, more immersive, and more “loyalty-building” stories. At a time of churnalism and info-zapping, when both readers and journalists are unsatisfied, this could be an interesting path to follow…
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OpinionPaywalls
Open, free access to academic research? This will be a seismic shift
Opening up access to academic research will put more data and power in the hands of the people who pay for it
Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales will be helping ensure that the publicly funded portal promotes collaboration and engagement. Photograph: Peter Macdiarmid/Getty
My department spends about £5bn each year funding academic research – and it is because we believe in the fundamental importance of this research that we have protected the science budget for the whole of this parliament.
We fund this research because it furthers human knowledge and drives intellectual, social and economic progress. In line with our commitment to open information, tomorrow I will be announcing at the Publishers Association annual meeting that we will make publicly funded research accessible free of charge to readers. Giving people the right to roam freely over publicly funded research will usher in a new era of academic discovery and collaboration, and will put the UK at the forefront of open research.
The challenge is how we get there without ruining the value added by academic publishers. The controversy about the status and reliability of reviews on TripAdvisor is a reminder of how precious genuine, objective peer review is. We still need to pay for such functions, which is why one attractive model – known as gold – has the funders of research covering the costs. Another approach, known as green, includes a closed period before wider release during which journals can earn revenues.
While opening up the fruits of research is a seismic shift for academic publishing, it is not a leap into the unknown. There are many good examples in medicine. For instance, the Wellcome Trust requires all the research it funds to be made freely available online. A report this year from the U.S. Committee for Economic Development has concluded that the US National Institute of Health's policy of open access has accelerated the transition from basic research to commercialisation, generated more follow-on research and reduced duplicate or dead-end lines of inquiry – so increasing the US government's return on its investment in research. And the researcher Philip Davis has found that, when publishers randomly make articles open access on journal websites, readership increases by up to 250%.
Moving from an era in which taxpayer-funded academic articles are stuck behind paywalls for much of their life to one in which they are available free of charge will not be easy. There are clear trade-offs. If those funding research pay open-access journals in advance, where will this leave individual researchers who can't cover the cost? If we improve the world's access to British research, what might we get in response? Does a preference for open access mean different incentives for different disciplines?
These questions explain why I have asked Dame Janet Finch, one of the UK's most experienced and respected academics, to produce a report setting out the steps needed to fulfil our radical ambition. She is working with all interested parties and her report will appear before the summer. It is expected to chart a course towards a world where academic articles are freely and openly available at or around the time of publication.
Twenty years ago it would have been impossible to imagine an encyclopedia written by millions, openly and freely collaborating via the internet. Today, Wikipedia is an important part of our lives and its co-founder, Jimmy Wales, will be advising us on the common standards that will have to be agreed and adopted for open access to be a success, and also helping to make sure that the new government-funded portal for accessing research really promotes collaboration and engagement. We want to harness new technologies to enable people to comment and rate published papers in ways that were not possible before, and we want to develop new online channels that enable researchers from around the world to collaborate and share data and build new research partnerships. With Jimmy Wales's help, I'm confident that we can achieve all this and much more.
Our commitment to open up access to academic research will help strengthen this information revolution, and put more data and power in the hands of people. It's proof that there are still dividing lines in British politics – and that we are firmly on the side of openness.
Paywalls
Peer review and scientific publishing
Open access scientific publishing


Medical Industry Feature
Understanding Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension and the Role of Norepinephrine
RestartResume
Transcript PDF
Announcer:
Welcome to ReachMD.
This medical industry feature, titled “Understanding neurogenic orthostatic hypotension and the key role of norepinephrine” is sponsored by Lundbeck.
Your guest is Dr. Satish R. Raj. Dr. Raj is Professor of Cardiac Services, Medical Director of Calgary Autonomic Clinic, and Chief of Cardiac Arhythmia Service at the University of Calgary in Canada. He is the past-president of the American Autonomic Society and now serves on the board of directors.
Dr. Raj:
nOH is a rare but distinct subset of orthostatic hypotension caused by autonomic nervous system failure. It occurs frequently in patients with certain neurodegenerative disorders.
nOH reflects an inability to maintain an adequate blood pressure in response to the orthostatic challenge of standing up.
Although nOH presents as a hemodynamic problem, its potentially debilitating symptoms need to be the focus of clinical management. These can include dizziness, lightheadedness, blurry vision, fatigue, neck and shoulder pain, and cognitive impairment.
Still, understanding the underlying pathophysiology may help align management approaches to patient needs.
Normally, following a shift to an upright posture, blood shifts downward, to below the level of the heart, resulting in baroreceptors signaling the brain to initiate a compensatory response. Mediated by the neurotransmitter norepinephrine this signaling sustains blood pressure by promoting peripheral vasoconstriction.
In a setting of autonomic nervous system failure, inadequate norepinephrine release results in impaired vasoconstriction. Plasma norepinephrine levels may serve as one index of sympathetic function.
In a patient with nOH, normal to slightly reduced norepinephrine levels indicate lesions of preganglionic origin, as seen in Multiple System Atrophy, while very low levels of norepinephrine are characteristic of postganglionic lesions, observed in Pure Autonomic Failure. Both pre- and postganglionic lesions can be present in Parkinson’s disease patients with nOH. Their plasma norepinephrine levels typically fall below normal on standing up.
In symptomatic patients with nOH, blood pressure may be modulated by enhancing cholinergic activity in preganglionic sympathetic nerves, or replenishing endogenous norepinephrine in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues to activate both alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoreceptors in peripheral arteries and veins, or improving vascular resistance by exogenous stimulation of only the alpha-1 adrenoreceptors, or increasing sodium retention which expands blood volume to improve vascular pressure.
Changes in blood pressure from supine to standing are a hallmark metric of nOH. However, after diagnosis, it is essential that we direct our efforts to addressing the burden of nOH symptoms.
Non-pharmacological methods are a key component of nOH management and may be supplemented with pharmacological measures when symptoms persist.
You’ve been listening to ReachMD. This program was sponsored by Lundbeck. Dr. Satish Raj is a paid consultant for Lundbeck. If you missed any part of this discussion, visit www.ReachMD.com/IndustryFeature. This is ReachMD. Be part of the knowledge.
Guest Satish R. Raj, MD, MSCI
View an animated exploration of the pathogenesis of nOH, as well as the mechanisms behind therapeutic approaches to controlling its effects.
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Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) is a subset of orthostatic hypotension and is prevalent in patients with autonomic dysfunction.1,2 In these patients, there is insufficient compensatory peripheral release of norepinephrine, the major neurotransmitter responsible for blood pressure maintenance, upon standing or following postural change.2-4 Due to this norepinephrine deficiency, there is inadequate vasoconstriction to maintain blood pressure or cerebral blood flow.1,5 This may lead to symptoms of nOH which may increase the risk of falls and lead to serious consequences.2,3,6
Here. Dr. Satish Raj, Professor of Cardiac Sciences at the Libin Cardiovascular Institute at the University of Calgary's Cumming School of Medicine and Medical Director of Calgary Autonomic Clinic, discusses the pathogenesis of nOH, as well as the mechanisms behind therapeutic approaches to controlling its effects.
Palma JA, Kaufmann H. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2017;4(3):298-308.
Freeman R, Wieling W, Axelrod FB, et al. Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, neurally mediated syncope and the postural tachycardia syndrome. Clin Auton Res. 2011:21(2) 69-72.
Low PA. Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: pathophysiology and diagnosis. Am J Manag Care. 2015;21(suppl 13):s248-s257.
Goldstein DS, Sharabi Y. Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: a pathophysiological approach. Circulation. 2009:119(1):139-146.
Freeman R. Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(6):615-624.
Rascol 0. Perez-Lloret S, Damier P, et al. Falls in ambulatory non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2015;122(10):1447-1455.
© 2021 Lundbeck. All rights reserved. UBR-D-100852
noH Matters
Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension in Parkinson Disease: A Primer
The Impact of Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension on Patients and Caregivers
Navigating nOH: What to Know About Causes, Symptoms, & Management Approaches


Sky’s the Limit for Young Professional
When Shane McKinzie moved back home to Enid to take a job for a startup environmental consulting firm, he was pleased by what he found. He and his wife Shayla loved the new parks and trails, the national performances at the new event center, and the quality of the local Chisholm School District. “It was obvious there was an intentional push by the city toward welcoming young families,” he says.
Enid also proved an excellent place to launch his new career with TSC Environmental, which was rapidly growing alongside the booming oil and gas industry. Shane’s technical background prompted a quick promotion to aerial services manager where he managed drone-related services for the construction, energy and agriculture industries.
“I thought I might have to go to Oklahoma City for training, but I found out I could do the study and testing needed to become a certified unmanned aerial systems pilot without leaving town. It’s really helpful that Enid’s Woodring Airport has a licensed FAA testing center. I’ve been able to bring that licensing to our business and train three other pilots as well,” he says.
TSC’s current drone services include mapping and land surveying, stockpile and excavation calculations, thermal inspections, pipeline monitoring, and much more. “Every month we’re adding new clients. We’re even working with the aeronautical engineering department at OSU to design an aircraft that meets our specific needs for pipeline leak detection.”
“This town is very aviation-minded. Because of Woodring Airport and Vance Air Force Base, I think we’ll see the drone industry progress much faster here than in other places. It’s an ideal location to grow our business.”
Shane McKinzie, Aerial Services Manager, TSC ENVIRONMENTAL


Devil Dogs keep community safe
16 Aug 2002 | Lance Cpl. Kim Thompson
MARINE CORPS AIR STATION BEAUFORT, S.C. -- They are attentive, enthusiastic and motivated. Countless hours of training have contributed to their mental and physical conditioning, making them optimum physical specimens and exemplary Marines.
They are Military working dogs of Fightertown. The dogs are trained to perform their job with attention to detail and instant obedience to orders.
It may seem like the dogs are having fun working for chew-toys, verbal praise and a scratch behind the ears, but they work as hard as the Marines who handle them.
The Air Station Provost Marshal's kennel is comprised of four dogs, three handlers, a non-commissioned officer-in-charge of training and a kennel master. Each dog is certified in patrol, attack, and the detection of either narcotics or explosives.
Kimbo is a Belgian Melanois and Tommie is a Dutch Shepherd. Their handlers are military police officers Lance Cpls. Felicia A. Bazan and Jacob J. Chiasson. As a part of the Military Working Dog program their primary objective is providing security.
"We provide security for the Air Station, we work as a deterrent to prevent future terrorist attacks and we also assist police departments from Savannah to Charleston," said Cpl. Robert M. Apolinario, MWD training NCO. "I've got a great bunch of Marines working for me."
Dogs and their handlers conduct patrols, go on deployments and help locate lost children. They also participate in demonstrations, assist in suspect apprehension, perform inspections and serve in missions with organizations such as Customs and the Secret Service.
The handlers and their four-legged partners are held to high standards from the first days of training at formal schools, and continuing with their entrance into the fleet.
In order to become a handler, Marines must complete Military Police school in Fort Leonard Wood, Mo. Then attend a 13-week canine school, which is held at Lackland Air Force Base San Antonio, Texas.
"It's a specialized MOS," Bazan said. "They take the top two percent of the MP class and put them up for a board to attend canine school. You have to be a good student and have good conduct. Out of ten Marines they might choose two."
Canine school starts out teaching both students and dogs the basic fundamentals of command and response. Dogs are trained to respond to both verbal commands and hand signals. Although canines may specialize in narcotics or explosives detection, the commands for both dogs are the same.
"Civilian dogs are trained in German, but we (the Marine Corps) use English," Apolinario said. "The commands have to be uniform throughout the Marine Corps because every 2-3 years a dog switches handlers. Verbal and nonverbal commands are important in case a working environment is loud or requires distance between dogs and handlers."
Once a handler graduates and makes his way into the fleet, he is paired up with a dog. Each handler is responsible for performing their primary duties and taking care of their animal. Working as a handler requires a great deal of time and dedication, according to Bazan and Chiasson.
"It's a lot of training and a lot of work," Bazan said. Each week requires at least five hours of training in order to keep both dogs and handlers certified in detection and patrol.
"We work about 12 to 14 hour shifts and then we train physically after that," Chiasson said. "There is also a great deal of paper work, because every thing we do on a call has to be annotated from start to finish."
Many of the Marines at the PMO kennel agree the best part of their job is the interaction with the dogs.
"A lot of people say that when you work with a human partner, you never know how they're going to react," Bazan said. "With a dog you always know where you stand."
Military working dogs like Tommie and Kimbo provide a valuable service, Bazan said. They may seem cute and furry like the family pet or the friendly neighborhood mutt, but they are skilled service members that deserve respect.
"Don't ask to pet the dogs or catcall them," Apolinario said. "They're MPs. Respect the fact that they have a job to do."


Peachland Boys and Girls Club
These are times we should be extra-proud of the resiliency of our kids.
School is different, there’s no sleepovers or playdates, sitting on Santa’s knee is cancelled, and there’s times when the adults seem extra-worried.
There’s a lot going on, but the Boys and Girls Club here in Peachland has remained a safe place throughout this pandemic. Richelle Leckey says even in the early stages, they were able to remain open so kids of essential workers had someone to care for them during the day.
“We’re an essential service,” says Leckey, who is the community engagement coordinator for the Okanagan Boys and Girls Club.
“We know there are people who need us, and for a variety of reasons whether they’re working or they have their own challenges in the home and it’s necessary for the kids to be in our care.”
There’s always something fun going on at the Boys and Girls Club!
Here in Peachland, the after school program is a happy group of kids who do crafts, tell stories and play fun games. Leckey says like other local groups, the pandemic has hit them hardest when it comes to fundraising. Usually, they’re able to pull in about $4,000 to $5,000 a year, thanks to their annual movie in the park and their West Jet raffles.
“That money helps support all the supplies and equipment and things that we need to run the program in Peachland – so we’ve had to be really wise and try and figure how to stretch the dollar and ensure that we’re still providing high quality programs,” she says.
The Boys and Girls Club was thrilled to learn they’re one of the beneficiaries of Peachland’s Light-Up Virtual Gala, held in December. The event raised a little over $12,400, and the amount will be shared with three other community groups.
The pandemic has taken an emotional toll on so many people, Leckey adds, and that’s why it’s important the Boys and Girls Clubs are able to continue on.
“The club itself – and being able to come to the club – is critical for the kids’ well-being, not only for the engagement with staff, but with their peers,” she says.
“We’ve talked a lot about kids in isolation and the importance of being able to engage in person with people. So the club itself is all about relationships and strengthening those relationships and helping give kids the inspiration and the drive to want to learn and grow and become amazing people.”
Here’s a message from the Boys and Girls Club about their Peachland programming:
The Boys and Girls Clubs of the Okanagan is a leading service provider of programs and services for children in Peachland. From Preschool classes to After School programs, activities for youth, and community events, there is always something great happening at the Club!
At Peachland Preschool, we believe in the importance of play in an environment where children learn, explore, create and grow. Being located in Peachland Elementary school allows preschoolers to experience a school setting which ensures a smooth transition into Kindergarten with their peers.
The After School program takes place at the Peachland Club for children Kindergarten to Grade 5. Our programs are designed to provide a safe, nurturing, inclusive environment where children will be engaged in activities including creative arts, sports, personal growth, and life skills development. Transportation is provided from Peachland Elementary and kids receive a nutritious snack each day. Programs are also available on professional days and school breaks. Stay tuned for information on exciting summer camps and recreation programs coming soon!
For more information, contact us at 250-767-2515 (250-768-3049 for preschool inquiries). You can also visit out our website www.boysandgirlsclubs.ca and navigate to the Peachland Page or find us on Facebook and check out why the Boys and Girls Club is a ‘good place to be’!
Written by Kristen Friesen
Peachland Watershed Protection Alliance
A PWPA representative was able to take part in a tour of the new Peachland water treatment plant in late 2021. The District's Healthy Watersheds...
Here's the latest from BEEPS - Peachland's Bat Education and Ecological Protection Society Here's a press release BEEPS just sent my way. It's from...
Peachland History
Local historian Richard Smith was kind enough to send me some cool 'did you knows' about Peachland, and he's going to share what he knows right...


North Carolina State University. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Institute of Radio Engineers -- History
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. North Carolina State University Student Branch
American Institute of Electrical Engineers -- History
Filters: North Carolina State University -- HistoryInstitute of Radio Engineers -- HistoryNorth Carolina State University. Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringAmerican Institute of Electrical Engineers -- HistoryNorth Carolina State College1930-19391980-1989North Carolina State College
North Carolina State University, Student and Other Organizations, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., North Carolina State University Student Branch Records, 1948-1989
Size: 0.25 linear feet (1 archival half box) Collection ID: UA 021.467
The records of North Carolina State's student branch of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) include annual reports, correspondence, meeting and recruitment information, general information about the branch, and branch manuals issued by IEEE. The IEEE works to advance the theory and application of ... More
The records of North Carolina State's student branch of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) include annual reports, correspondence, meeting and recruitment information, general information about the branch, and branch manuals issued by IEEE. The IEEE works to advance the theory and application of electrotechnology and allied sciences and to serve as a catalyst for technological innovation. North Carolina State's student branch of the IEEE began as a chapter of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers in or before 1948, and remains active as of 2008. Less


Difference between revisions of "New Precedents in Conveyancing"
From Wythepedia: The George Wythe Encyclopedia
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}}[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Pigott Nathaniel Pigott] (1661-1737) was a barrister and counselor at law. He was admitted to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_Temple Inner Temple] in 1683 and called to the bar in 1688.<ref>F. A. Inderwick, “Bench Table Orders,” in ''A Calendar of the Inner Temple Records'' (London: Chiswick Press, 1901), 248.</ref> In 1689 he refused to take the required oaths of supremacy and allegiance and receive the sacrament.<ref>Richard G. Williams, [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/89542 “Pigott, Nathaniel (bap. 1661, d. 1737)”] ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (Oxford University Press, 2004- ), accessed December 4, 2013.</ref> As a result, he was vacated on the grounds that he was a Roman Catholic.<ref>Ibid.</ref> In 1690 his suspension was removed although he was still prescribed from pleading a case in court.<ref>Ibid.</ref> Pigott was the last Catholic called to the bar until 1791.<ref>Ibid.</ref>

Pigott practiced as a chamber counsel and conveyancer.<ref>Ibid.</ref> He acted as a trustee for conveyances, furnished legal opinions, and offered legal and business advice.2 Experts agree that Pigott had a particular expertise in conveyance.<ref>Ibid.</ref> Many of his clients were also Roman Catholics therefore his expertise in conveyancing was particularly important to the preservation of their estates.<ref>Ibid.</ref> Roman Catholic estates were vulnerable to claims from potential protestant heirs and from threatened sequestrations by the crown.<ref>Ibid.</ref>

Pigott practiced as a chamber counsel and conveyancer.<ref>Ibid.</ref> He acted as a trustee for conveyances, furnished legal opinions, and offered legal and business advice.2 Experts agree that Pigott had a particular expertise in conveyance.<ref>Ibid.</ref> Many of his clients were also Roman Catholics, therefore his expertise in conveyancing was particularly important to the preservation of their estates.<ref>Ibid.</ref> Roman Catholic estates were vulnerable to claims from potential protestant heirs and from threatened sequestrations by the crown.<ref>Ibid.</ref>

Two of Pigott’s manuscripts, ''A Treatise of Common Recoveries, their Nature and Use'' and ''New Precedents in Conveyancing'', were published after his death.<ref>Ibid.</ref> These texts remained standard authorities for the remainder of the eighteenth century.<ref>Ibid.</ref>
New Precedents in Conveyancing: Containing Great Variety of Curious Draughts, Many of Them on Special Occations, Drawn or Settled by Mr. Piggot, Northey, Webb, and Other Eminent Hands; and Now Publish'd from Original Manuscripts
by Nathaniel Pigott
Pigott's Conveyancing
Title page from New Precedents in Conveyancing, George Wythe Collection, Wolf Law Library, College of William & Mary.
Author Nathaniel Pigott
Editor {{{editor}}}
Translator {{{trans}}}
Published London: Printed by H. Lintot for J. Worrall
Edition Second
Volumes {{{set}}} volume set
Pages iv, 576, [26]
Desc. Folio (31 cm.)
Location [[Shelf {{{shelf}}}]]
[[Shelf {{{shelf2}}}]]
Bookplate of John Clarke Stoughton, Wymondham, Norfolk, front pastedown.
Nathaniel Pigott (1661-1737) was a barrister and counselor at law. He was admitted to the Inner Temple in 1683 and called to the bar in 1688.[1] In 1689 he refused to take the required oaths of supremacy and allegiance and receive the sacrament.[2] As a result, he was vacated on the grounds that he was a Roman Catholic.[3] In 1690 his suspension was removed although he was still prescribed from pleading a case in court.[4] Pigott was the last Catholic called to the bar until 1791.[5]
Pigott practiced as a chamber counsel and conveyancer.[6] He acted as a trustee for conveyances, furnished legal opinions, and offered legal and business advice.2 Experts agree that Pigott had a particular expertise in conveyance.[7] Many of his clients were also Roman Catholics, therefore his expertise in conveyancing was particularly important to the preservation of their estates.[8] Roman Catholic estates were vulnerable to claims from potential protestant heirs and from threatened sequestrations by the crown.[9]
Two of Pigott’s manuscripts, A Treatise of Common Recoveries, their Nature and Use and New Precedents in Conveyancing, were published after his death.[10] These texts remained standard authorities for the remainder of the eighteenth century.[11]
Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library
There is no doubt that George Wythe owned this title—a copy of the second (1742) edition at the Library of Congress includes Wythe's bookplate and manuscript notes which may have been made by him.[12] Thomas Jefferson listed "Pigott's conveyancing. fol." in his inventory of Wythe's Library, noting that he kept the volume himself. He later sold it to the Library of Congress. Not surprisingly, all four of the Wythe Collection sources (Goodwin's pamphlet[13], Dean's Memo[14], Brown's Bibliography[15] and George Wythe's Library[16] on LibraryThing) list the second edition of New Precedents in Conveyancing. The Wolf Law Library purchased a copy of the same edition.
Headpiece, first page of text.
Description of the Wolf Law Library's copy
Bound in contemporary calf with blind rules to boards, raised bands and lettering piece to spine. Includes armorial bookplate of John Clarke Stoughton, Wymondham, Norfolk on front pastedown and an early owner annotation, "15s Brookes Catalogue 1790", and the intials "rlf" on front free endpaper. Purchased from The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.
View this book in William & Mary's online catalog.
↑ F. A. Inderwick, “Bench Table Orders,” in A Calendar of the Inner Temple Records (London: Chiswick Press, 1901), 248.
↑ Richard G. Williams, “Pigott, Nathaniel (bap. 1661, d. 1737)” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004- ), accessed December 4, 2013.
↑ E. Millicent Sowerby, Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, 2nd ed. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1983), 2:292 [no.1940].
↑ Mary R. M. Goodwin, The George Wythe House: Its Furniture and Furnishings (Williamsburg, Virginia: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Library, 1958), XLIX.
↑ Memorandum from Barbara C. Dean, Colonial Williamsburg Found., to Mrs. Stiverson, Colonial Williamsburg Found. (June 16, 1975), 4 (on file at Wolf Law Library, College of William & Mary).
↑ Bennie Brown, "The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond," (unpublished manuscript, May, 2012) Microsoft Word file. Earlier edition available at: https://digitalarchive.wm.edu/handle/10288/13433
↑ LibraryThing, s. v. "Member: George Wythe", accessed on June 28, 2013.
Retrieved from "http://lawlibrary.wm.edu/wythepedia/index.php?title=New_Precedents_in_Conveyancing&oldid=22990"
George Wythe Collection at William & Mary's Wolf Law Library
Known Surviving Wythe Volumes
Titles in Wythe's Library


Start Of New Year Comes With Familiar Concerns As COVID-19 Cases Spike In LA County, Elsewhere
By CBSLA Staff January 2, 2022 at 8:41 am
Filed Under:Coronavirus, COVID-19, Los Angeles News, News
LOS ANGELES (CBSLA) — Though it’s a new year, similar concerns were mounting from the previous year as COVID-19 cases continued to climb across the Southland.
The latest state figures from Saturday show the number of coronavirus patients in LA County hospitals rose 1,628, which was up more than 160 since the previous day. Of those patients, 246 were in intensive care, up sharply from Friday.
As of Friday, the Department of Public Health recorded more than 27,000 new coronavirus cases. That was far more than last winter’s peak of 16,000 cases a day. The daily totals have been doubling every two days.
Compared to last winter, those testing positive are much younger. Nearly three-quarter are under the age of 50. COVID case rates are rising among people of all vaccination statuses, but the unvaccinated are still among those to test positive.
“I think what we can expect that, we’re going to have a peak in about two weeks, so by mid-January, we hope we will see a peak in cases, and then we’ll see just as rapid a decline,” said Dr. Michael Daignault of Providence St. Joseph Medical Center. “But that means the rest of January is going to be rough.”
Other county numbers were also on the rise. State figures show coronavirus patients in Orange County hospitals increased from 453 to 491. Of those, 89 patients were in intensive care.
Elsewhere, in Riverside County, the number of coronavirus patients hospitalized increased to 510, with 94 patients in the ICU.


The Musical Divide
Bridging gaps by connecting with music fans
Fifteen Favorites
The Best Hit Songs Of …
A Modern Country Music History
May 23, 2019 December 22, 2020 Zackary Kephart
Pop Goes The Country Vol. 19: Marty Robbins – “El Paso” (1959)
Pop Goes The Country is an ongoing series where I explore country music’s biggest crossover hits.
When we last discussed Marty Robbins on ‘Pop Goes The Country,’ we looked at his foray into teenage love songs with “A White Sport Coat.” But as previously mentioned in that piece, Robbins was one of the most versatile artists the country music genre had to offer.
As such, it makes sense that Robbins would eventually return to cowboy music. After all, he was born in the desert just outside Glendale, Arizona in 1925 and had a childhood fondness for cowboy music. Still, Robbins never saw the value of country music in general until he heard it performed by fellow soldiers from the South while enlisted as a soldier in World War II.
Robbins’s early recordings show strong traces of Gene Autry, his singing cowboy hero, in terms of tone and phrasing. But as mentioned last time, that was just one style Robbins was comfortable performing on stage and in the studio. Country music was all over the map in the late 1950s trying to stave off rock ‘n’ roll, but Robbins’s diversity was much more controlled and natural.
But his return to cowboy music was an important point in country music, and one that would help serve its reinvigoration as a commercial genre of music.
During the 1920s, many of country music’s biggest recordings were known as event ballads – songs that quite literally told a story of a historical event. For example, “Wreck Of The Old 97,” thought to be the first million-selling country record and first recorded by Vernon Dalhart, was inspired by the American rail disaster on September 27, 1903.
These types of songs didn’t last much beyond the ’20s and ’30s, but a new form of them was about to born almost 20 years later – the saga song. Unlike event ballads, saga songs were made to depict fictional episodes or remote historical events. It was very rare for them to cover events of contemporary significance. So, for a nice change, country airwaves were filled with songs about mythical or real heroes who gained fame during America’s pioneer period.
To give some examples, Johnny Horton’s “When It’s Springtime In Alaska” told the story of a prospector killed in a tavern brawl, which initiated the series. Johnny Cash’s “Don’t Take Your Guns To Town” told of a young cowboy who ignored his mother’s advice and paid a heavy price.
In late 1959, the trend subsided somewhat, but it would find rejuvenation in the form of other songs and albums. This was important for country music, as the genre had never been known to put much effort behind the album concept. The typical album during those days usually consisted of the hit singles, covers of other well-known songs, and filler material. Robbins’s Gunfighter Ballads and Trail Songs, released in 1959, would come to thankfully buck that trend.
“El Paso” wasn’t just a huge song from that album, it was the song to cement Robbins’s legacy. Ironically, his signature song came about in the backseat of a car, and only after years of procrastination. In 1956, Robbins was driving home from Nashville to Phoenix just before Christmas when he was inspired to write a song about the town he was passing through. With his wife and son in the car, however, Robbins soon became distracted and forgot the inspiration. The next year, he made the same trip and had the same inspiration, but forgot it all once again. In 1958, Robbins finally composed the tune in his head as he drove through El Paso.
However, it was both procrastination and confidence that fueled the signature song. The aforementioned Horton enjoyed success with not one, but two saga songs. “The Battle Of New Orleans” is ultimately what inspired Robbins to craft something of that magnitude. However, instead of singing about a war, Robbins decided to sing a cowboy ballad.
His timing truly couldn’t have been better. Westerns were a huge part of network prime-time during this period. Gunsmoke was the nation’s favorite program, with similar shows not far behind. Even kids tuned into cowboy shows each day after school, as well as on Saturday morning. The children of the late ’50s were enamored by Annie Oakley, Roy Rogers, the Lone Ranger, Gene Autry, and many other cowboy and cowgirl stars. Robbins saw a demand for historical odes, so he thought everyone would love a ballad about the Old West.
The song itself consists of one repeated melody and a slightly altered bridge. Robbins laid out 14 verses to play out like a novel or film. In fact, he didn’t even know how the epic tale would end when he began. The final tale tells of a cowboy who kills a man over the love of a woman named “Felina,” then escapes justice, only to return to El Paso to die in his woman’s arms.
There was still one more hurdle to jump over, however. During this time, no record company would release a single any longer than three minutes. Record companies were convinced that the public wouldn’t sit and listen to anything that ran over the time limit, let alone a song that demanded a full attention span like “El Paso” to follow the story. Record companies needed hits, so the songs needed to be repetitious enough that the tune and words could be learned in a matter of a few quick plays.
“El Paso” thankfully broke every single conventional rule of the time.
As Robbins argued, Horton had done well with “The Battle Of New Orleans,” and that song had also broke conventional rules. Eventually, he convinced his record label to give “El Paso” a shot.
“El Paso” also sounded like nothing before. It was accompanied by very simple Spanish-flavored guitar instrumentation with Tompall and the Glaser Brothers providing harmonies. But even though the record label had finally allowed “El Paso” as a single release, convincing disc jockeys to play the song was another hurdle in the way. After all, at over four minutes in length, the song was simply too long to program. Furthermore, the song doesn’t exactly have a happy ending.
Robbins once again fought for his song, pointing to its strong reaction in his live shows and clarifying that the song was tragic, but not depressing. He believed audiences would strongly identify with the cowboy and his undying love for his sweetheart. All Robbins asked for was a chance, just as he did before with his label.
Columbia Records shipped “El Paso” in the fall of 1959. Ironically, it reached stations just as “The Battle of New Orleans” was ending its run on the Billboard country and pop charts. The single’s crowning peak position was replaced by “Waterloo” by Stonewall Jackson, another saga song. This, of course, only worked to Robbins’s advantage in his mind.
Just after Christmas, “El Paso,” the song which Robbins had been told would never succeed, reached the top of Billboard’s country singles chart. It would hold that peak for seven weeks, well into the first couple of months of 1960. Additionally, it was one of only four records to top both the Billboard country and pop charts during the 1960s.
In 1976, Robbins wrote a follow-up to his most famous hit. After viewing El Paso from the air, he scribbled the words to “El Paso City,” in which the twist was that the narrator of the new song could possibly be a reincarnated version of the cowboy who dies in the original song. Robbins recorded “El Paso City,” and on June 19, 1976, notched his first number one hit in six years.
As an extra bit of trivia, the song would also inspire the television series, Breaking Bad, particularly the final episode titled, “Felina.” Like our tragic cowboy only trying to do good and ending up in a bad situation, Walter White would end up paying for his deeds as well. Join me next time on ‘Pop Goes The Country,’ where we’ll continue our discussion on saga songs with Stonewall Jackson’s “Waterloo.”
This piece was written thanks to the following sources:
Information about the formation and popularity of saga songs was taken from Bill C. Malone’s Country Music U.S.A., particularly the chapter, “The Reinvigoration of Modern Country Music.”
Information about the formation and inspiration of “El Paso” came from here.
The Breaking Bad trivia came from this article.
Pop Goes The Country
Marty Robbins
Published by Zackary Kephart
View all posts by Zackary Kephart
Previous Song Review: Jon Pardi – “Heartache Medication”
Next Pop Goes The Country Vol. 20: Stonewall Jackson – “Waterloo” (1959)
The Unbroken Circle: Hawkshaw Hawkins – “Lonesome 7-7203” (1963) – The Musical Divide says:
[…] His success over the next decade was less consistent, though he did benefit from the peculiar 1959 “saga song” trend, in which his “Soldier’s Joy” – a pseudo-Revolutionary war song set to a […]
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In memory of Galina Vishnevskaya
Home / 2013 / In memory of Galina Vishnevskaya
A grand Gala concert celebrating the 10th anniversary of the Galina Vishnevskaya Opera Centre and in memory of the great Vishnevskaya herself, featuring a repertoire of much loved Russian and Western Classics. Established in 2002 by the legendary Russian singer Galina Vishnevskaya, the Opera Centre provides professional training for talented young singers from Russia and abroad.
After graduation many of their students have gone on to become soloists of the leading opera houses of Russia and Europe. To date the centre has staged ten opera productions and numerous concerts as well as being represented at many opera festivals over the past eleven years since it opened and completing successful tours of Belgium, Hungary, Germany, France, Italy, Mexico, and South Africa, to name a few.
The great Russian soprano Galina Vishnevskaya was born Galina Pavlovna Ivanova in 1926, in Leningrad (now St Petersburg). Abandoned by her parents and raised by her grandmother, Galina’s early life was hard. During the Second World War, she joined the resistance effort to defend Leningrad from the Nazis – for which she was later decorated for her courage – and had a brief, unhappy marriage to Navy officer Georgi Vishnevsky, keeping the surname after their divorce. In 1944, after the city’s liberation, she joined a small operetta company led by Mark Rubin, who became her second husband. They had one son who died in infancy. The couple toured together for several years, but the marriage again proved unsuccessful.
Then in the early 1950s, Galina Vishnevskaya’s star was at last in the ascendant. She joined the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow and married her life partner, the cellist, pianist and conductor Mstislav Rostropovich (known as ‘Slava’) with whom she had two daughters. She became one of the world’s most celebrated divas, acclaimed from Moscow to New York at a time when most Soviet artists were unheard of in the West. She and Rostropovich made a substantial contribution to cultural life during the ‘Khrushchev thaw’ – the decade of relative liberality that followed years of Stalinist oppression.
This period of artistic flowering came to an abrupt end with the arrest of Khrushchev in 1964. Ten years of struggle against dictatorship followed, during which Vishnevskaya and Rostropovich remained outspoken critics of repression, and risked their own freedom to hide their friend Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn from the authorities. In 1977 they fled to the United States, where Rostropovich was appointed Music Director of the National Symphony Orchestra (NSO) in Washington, a post he kept for the next seventeen years. Vishnevskaya undertook numerous concert tours, directed opera productions and published her memoirs. Galina: a Russian Story became an international bestseller.
In 1990, Mikhail Gorbachev restored their citizenship, enabling Vishnevskaya and Rostropovich and to return home in time to witness the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. They quickly re-established themselves as major cultural, political and intellectual figures of the new Russia. In 2002, Vishnevskaya opened her own opera theatre in Moscow, dedicated to training the opera stars of the future, and at the age of 80 starred in Aleksandr Sokurov’s film Alexandra, as a grandmother determined to visit her grandson in a Chechen army camp.
Galina Vishnevskaya received many honours and awards during her long career, both at home and in her adoptive countries – including People’s artist of the USSR, the Chevalier of the Légion d’honneur of France, and the Order for Merit to the Fatherland (four times). But she was always most proud of the medal she received in defence of Leningrad, when she was still just a teenager. Galina Vishnevskaya died at home in Russia aged 86, on 11 December 2012. She was laid to rest in Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.
Cadogan Hall, London
7th CYPRUS-RUSSIA GALA, PRESIDENTIAL PALACE2013
Moscow Symphony Orchestra2014


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Chief People Officer and Executive Vice President, Employee Experience
As Chief People Officer and Executive Vice President, Employee Experience, Gloria Chen leads all aspects of people strategy and operations for Adobe, including talent development, diversity and inclusion, and all human resources functions. She’s charged with creating an exceptional employee experience for more than 22,000 employees across 75 locations around the globe.
In her more than 20 years with Adobe, including most recently as Chief Strategy Officer, Gloria has helped usher the company through some of its boldest, most critical changes, from shaping its ecommerce strategy, building its enterprise business, and managing significant acquisitions and integrations. She’s held senior leadership positions in worldwide sales operations, customer service and support, and strategic planning.
Gloria started her career as a software engineer and was an engagement manager at McKinsey & Company before joining Adobe. She holds a BS in electrical engineering from the University of Washington, an MS in electrical and computer engineering (ECE) from Carnegie Mellon, and an MBA from Harvard Business School.
Gloria serves on the board of The Tech Interactive in San Jose and the Carnegie Mellon Electrical & Computer Engineering advisory council.
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NIGERIA: Newly elected President of ICC, Osuji to meet Malami tomorrow over Sheik Zakzaky
Published by Family Writers Press
The newly elected President of the International Criminal Court, ICC, Nigerian-Born Chile Eboe-Osuji is scheduled to meet with Nigeria’s Attorney General/Minister of Justice, Mr Abubakar Malami Over Sheik Ibrahim Zakzaky, leader of Islamic Movement of Nigeria.
The president, LeadersNG gathered, will be meeting with Nigerian Attorney-General over Sheik Ibrahim Zakzaky who has been arbitrarily detained by the Nigerian Government for over 2 years against a valid court that says he should be released and rehabilitated.
You would recall that the Nigerian Army had on December 12th 2015 launched a coordinated attack against the Islamic Movement of Nigeria, killing women and children.
The leader of IMN, Sheik Ibrahim Zakzaky was arrested and whisked to the Nation’s capital Abuja.
A commission of Inquiry was set up to investigate the matter and it was discovered that over 347 meme era of Islamic Movement of Nigeria were killed with some buried alive in mass graves.
Amnesty International had in a report, gave a detailed account of the Nigerian military’s massacre of Shiite Muslims in Zaria between December 12th and 14th, 2015.
The organization provided evidence not only that the military used excessive force against civilians, killing more than 350 people, but that Nigerian troops went to great lengths to cover up these crimes.
In its damning report, Amnesty International said, “the Nigerian Army has provided no evidence to substantiate its claim that IMN protesters attempted to assassinate the Chief of Army Staff or shot at his convoy, or that the protesters’ action warranted the degree of force used against them.”
Amnesty International went further to provide images depicting before and after photos of Shiite sites of worship destroyed under the order of the Nigerian military.
The organization also provided images of suspected mass graves where the military reportedly hid the bodies of the victims of their carnage.
Amnesty International disclosed that it “has identified the location of one possible mass grave in the Mando area near the city of Kaduna, where Amnesty International found a large area churned up by differs, with dried-up large vehicle tracks still visible at the time of the visit.”
Satellite images provided by Amnesty International show important Shiite religious sites or property belonging to the IMN leader, Sheikh Ibrahim Zakzaky, being demolished.
According to the report, “after the incident, the military meticulously destroyed most of the evidence at the scenes of the clashes.
Soldiers sealed the areas around Ibrahim al-Zakzaky’s compound and around the Hussainiya in the afternoon of 12 December 2015 and for several days afterward.”
Amnesty International investigators found “that Ibrahim al-Zakzaky’s compound had been razed to the ground and the rubble removed, bloodstains washed off, and bullets and spent cartridge removed from the streets…several other sites belonging to the IMN in Zaria, including the Hussainiya, a recently created cemetery, a shrine dedicated to Ibrahim Al-Zakzaky’s mother, a media/film production center, and a research center, were also completely or partially destroyed in the days following the incident.”
The Amnesty International report provided recommendations to various Nigerian institutions and authorities, including the Kaduna State government and the Federal Government. To the Kaduna State government, it is recommended that it “ensure that the Judicial Commission of Inquiry into the Zaria events…be impartial and thorough.”
It also urged the government to ensure that the “Commission has the necessary means to carry out its investigation unhindered and the necessary powers to summon and compel the relevant civil and military authorities to cooperate fully.”
Amnesty International recommended that the Federal Government “ensure that those suspected of being criminally responsible are held accountable through fair trials…and that families and dependents of the victims of extrajudicial executions and other unlawful killings are entitled to obtain fair and adequate reparation from the state, including financial compensation.”
A pro-Democracy group, Concerned Nigerians have in the last 84 days holding a daily sit-out at the Unity Fountain, calling for the unconditional release of Sheik Zakzaky and his wife.


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BROWN, NYAME, (What's Your Black?)
"What's Your Black?" by Nyame Brown
4.5 x 6.5 inches oil on blackboard, (2017) -- framed
Nyame Brown is an artist whose multimedia work explores the intermingling of African-American pop culture and the larger African Diaspora. Brown received his BFA from The School of the Art Institute of Chicago and his MFA from Yale University School of Art in 1997. He is currently a faculty member at the Oakland School of the Arts and has previously held positions at St. Mary's College of California, Notre Dame University, Illinois State University, and The Art Institute of Chicago. He is also the recipient of the Richard Driehaus Foundation Individual Artist Award (1997 & 2002) and the Joan Mitchell Foundation grant (2003). Brown was the Joan Mitchell Center Artist-in-Residence in Spring 2016.
Curator and art critic, Julie Joyce, wrote about his works for the 2006 "Frequency" exhibition at the Studio Museum in Harlem, stating that Brown "fuses multifarious time zones and cultures much like a DJ" and described Nyame Brown as a 21st-Century Griot for his use of history and mythology in his narrative art.
Thompson, Khalif, (Mommy)
Ballard, Lavett, (All About Love)
Johnson, Kevin, (The Influencer)
Driskell, David C., (Purple Door For Vince)
Hunt, George, (Born To See Things)
Dorsey, Najee, (Soul Rebel)
Lovell, Gerald, (Jemel)
Dorsey, Najee, (Return to Eden #1)
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A jRPG developed by Tokyo RPG Factory, also known as "Ikenie to Yuki no Setsuna" in Japan. It makes references to the classics of the genre and games such as the legendary classic Chrono Trigger. The story is set in a land of ever-lasting winter.
RPG | fantasy | turn-based | jRPG
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I am Setsuna Release Date
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developer: Tokyo RPG Factory publisher: Square Enix / Eidos
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I am Setsuna on PS4, PC etc. is an RPG game by Japanese studio Tokyo RPG Factory. This is the first production of a studio owned by Square Enix, publishers of series such as Tomb Raider and Dungeon Siege. The title refers to classic series like Final Fantasy, Dragon Quest and Kingdom Hearts.
The action takes the player to the fantastic winter land, which is the home of the title Setssuny. Since time immemorial, its inhabitants have sacrificed young women to protect themselves from the anger of demons. This role has been assigned to Setsunie, so the girl has to go to the end of her famous world, to the chapel where she will sacrifice herself for the common good. The road ahead of her is long and full of dangers, which is why a few daredevils decide to accompany Setsunie on her last journey.
The nostalgic atmosphere of the game is a tribute to the creators of classic Japanese RPG games.
I am Setsuna on PS4, PC, etc. is a jRPG game, focused primarily on exploration. The action is shown in isometric projection, with the camera working gently vertically. In the course of the game, we visit the 3D locations designed in detail, continuing the journey to the place where Setsuna is to make its sacrifice. Most of the explored areas are caves, but there is also no shortage of open spaces. From time to time we come across small towns where we can exchange information with NPCs and find unique equipment.
The journey that the team we lead is not an easy one. Countless groups of enemies lurk every step of the way. All members of the expedition take part in the fight, and each of them has unique skills that develop with the increase in experience. Characteristically for the species, the fight takes place in a turn-based system; however, it has been slightly modified. The game uses the Active Time Battle system, referring with mechanics to the first parts of the game. Final Fantasy. The fighter can perform actions in his turn, including damage, healing, overlapping of reinforcements, and then has to wait an appropriate amount of time (depending on the action taken, among other things) to re-enter the fight. The important thing is that apart from the action bar assigned to each hero, there is a separate bar for Sethsuna in the game. If it is charged, all actions taken by the team members are strengthened for a short period of time.
I am Setsuna on PS4, PC, etc. uses the latest version of the unity graphics engine. Three-dimensional locations and character models have been designed with attention to detail. Tomokie Miyoshi's soundtrack, the author of music for SoulCalibur V, plays an important role in building the nostalgic atmosphere of the game. The game is available in English and Japanese, including text and audio dialogues.
Please let us know if you have any comments or suggestions regarding this description.
Game mode: single player
User score: 2,1 / 10 based on 123 votes.
PEGI rating I am Setsuna
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