Ventura man arrested after foot pursuit by police
A Ventura man was arrested Thursday after a patrol officer recognized him, while he was sitting in a car, as someone who had a felony arrest warrant issued for him, the Ventura Police Department said.
Police said Danny Speer, 57, who was a passenger in a vehicle, jumped out and ran along the 100 block of West Simpson Street at 3:15 p.m.
Police said Speer eventually hid in some bushes. Police also said they ordered Speer to come out but he refused. Speer was arrested after police said they used a Taser on him.
Speer was then taken to the Ventura County Medical Center where he was examined and released. He was then booked into Ventura County Jail in connection with a felony warrant, police said.
Police said Speer was also booked on suspicion of possession of methamphetamine, possession of narcotics paraphernalia and resisting arrest.


This is how we will be protected against Asteroids threats
Home/Posts/TECHNOLOGY/Space/This is how we will be protected against Asteroids threats
NASA is organizing the Planetary Defense Coordination Office, a task force against asteroid threats.
NASA has formalized its ongoing program for detecting and tracking near-Earth objects (NEOs) as the Planetary Defense Coordination Office (PDCO).
Above: The Panoramic Survey Telescope & Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS) 1 telescope on Maui’s Mount Haleakala, Hawaii has produced the most near-Earth object discoveries of the NASA-funded NEO surveys in 2015. Credits: University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy / Rob Ratkowski
More than 13,500 near-Earth objects of all sizes have been discovered to date—more than 95 percent of them since NASA-funded surveys began in 1998. About 1,500 NEOs are now detected each year.
The office will be responsible for supervision of all NASA-funded projects to find and characterize asteroids and comets that pass near Earth’s orbit around the sun. It will also take a leading role in coordinating interagency and intergovernmental efforts in response to any potential impact threats.
John Grunsfeld, associate administrator for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington, said:
“Asteroid detection, tracking and defense of our planet is something that NASA, its interagency partners, and the global community take very seriously. While there are no known impact threats at this time, the 2013 Chelyabinsk super-fireball and the recent ‘Halloween Asteroid’ close approach remind us of why we need to remain vigilant and keep our eyes to the sky.”
NASA has been engaged in worldwide planning for planetary defense for some time, and this office will improve and expand on those efforts, working with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and other federal agencies and departments.
On the other hand, AIM is proposed as ESA’s contribution to a larger international endeavour, the Asteroid Impact & Deflection Assessment (AIDA) mission.
A close-Earth encounter of the binary asteroid 65803 Didymos (1996 GT) in October 2022 provides the optimal target for such a mission, allowing an impact on Didymos’ secondary body to change its orbital period around the primary by a measureable amount – as seen both from ground observatories and from a rendezvous spacecraft.
As part of AIDA, two independent spacecraft would be sent to Didymos:
An asteroid impactor – the NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission led by the John Hopkins’ Applied Physics Laboratory in the United States
An asteroid rendezvous spacecraft – the ESA Asteroid Impact Mission (AIM).
AIDA is composed of the projectile called DART (Double Asteroid Redirection Test) and an observer satellite called AIM (Asteroid Impact Mission), each under study by NASA and ESA, respectively.The combination of both spacecrafts is referred to as AIDA. As in the separate DART and AIM studies, the target of this mission is the binary asteroid system (65803) Didymos. For a successful joint mission, one spacecraft, DART would impact the secondary of the Didymos binary system in October 2022 while AIM would first characterize the target asteroid (surface and internal properties), observe the impact event and measure any change in the relative orbit.
sources NASA, ESA
By Agis F|2017-07-18T12:34:45+03:00Jan 14, 2016|Categories: Space|Tags: asteroid|
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Autodesk Inc. Eyes Drones and IoT to Fuel Growth
The 3D software king is forging ahead with its transition to new, cutting-edge markets.
Tim Brugger
(timbrugger)
Tim has been writing professionally for several years after spending 18 years (Whew! Was it that long?)in both the retail and institutional side of the financial services industry. Tim resides in Portland, Oregon with his three children and the family dog.
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It was six months ago that 3D-design software leader Autodesk (NASDAQ:ADSK) announced the launch of its Forge developer platform, a move intended to facilitate its transition into a cloud-based company. Forge provides a means for developers to extend Autodesk's suite of cloud-based solutions, which in turn is expected to fuel CEO Carl Bass' efforts to boost recurring revenue via subscription sales and fend off fast-growing competitors, including France-based Dassault Systemes (OTC:DASTY).
Based on Autodesk's fiscal first-quarter 2017 results, announced May 19, subscription sales, recurring revenue, and deferred sales all performed admirably. However, while peers like Dassault were reporting top- and bottom-line growth, Autodesk's transformation initiatives have taken a near-term toll on sales: dropping 21% to $511 million last quarter.
The answer, as per Bass, is Autodesk's Forge platform, along with investments in new, fast-growing markets via its $100 million investment fund. And it's wasting no time in getting its transition and investments in tech upstarts into full swing.
Image source: Autodesk.
If the recently completed Forge developers conference is any indication, Autodesk's emphasis on cloud-based product offerings is off to a strong start. The company said it hosted more than 1,000 cloud developers during the conference, held June 15 and 16 in San Francisco. That's not a bad showing just six months after it introduced Forge to the dev world.
There was no shortage of new product and development announcements, including expanding the Forge platform to assist developers in building new 3D-printing features, improving data management capabilities, and transforming 3D images into usable information, all delivered via the cloud. That's great stuff and should give developers everything they need to expand Autodesk's suite of services.
But the Forge platform developments took a backseat to news of Autodesk's investments in a few upstarts that are on the leading edge of the drone and Internet of Things markets.
The future begins now
In the next five years, sales of drones are expected to grow by 50% to $12 billion, largely due to commercial and government enterprises, including military applications, and the construction, telecom, and energy industries. That's a lot of upside, and explains why Autodesk announced at its Forge gathering that it had invested an undisclosed sum in leading drone maker 3D Robotics.
3D Robotics is already using the Forge system to capture data and images from its drones and transform that information into engineering data. Autodesk and its 3D design software is ideal for data-collecting drones, and its recent commitment to 3D Robotics, though likely small-ish -- remember, Autodesk committed "just" $100 million for its entire investment fund -- opens the doors to a world of revenue-generating opportunities.
Another of Autodesk's intriguing investments is in Seebo, a software-as-a-service (SaaS) platform designed to transform "simple," everyday objects into IoT "smart" technologies. Everything from toys to fashion are made "smart" by simply dragging and dropping connected components including sensors, bluetooth, and GPS, into a product design framework.
As is the case with 3D Robotics, Seebo is already an avid Forge system developer. The combination of Seebo's SaaS solutions with Autodesk is designed for "manufacturers to tap into the world of IoT simply, securely and cost effectively."
This year is expected to see some 6.4 billion IoT connected "things" in use, a 30% jump from 2015. And depending on which market estimate you choose to believe, the revenue possibilities are seemingly endless, with some suggesting IoT will grow into a trillion-dollar -plus opportunity. Autodesk's IoT forays are in their early stages to be sure, but with so much upside, even a slice of such a huge revenue pie will move the needle.
Despite Autodesk's drop in revenue, which was particularly painful given one of its primary competitors, Dassault, reported a 6% jump in sales, its 132,000 sequential jump in subscriptions is nothing short of spectacular. As was Autodesk's 9% increase in annualized recurring revenue to $1.44 billion and 32% jump in deferred sales to $1.52 billion.
The transformation is picking up steam, and as Autodesk's recent investments indicate, its future is no longer tied to desktop software, and that bodes well for growth investors with some patience.


HomeIran News NowIran: EU’s Appeasement Policy and Its Consequences
Iran: EU’s Appeasement Policy and Its Consequences
Written by Shamsi Saadati
The international response to recent crises has made it clear that the myth of Iranian moderation is alive. Much of the European countries remain amenable to the idea of negotiating with some representatives of the Iranian regime, on the assumption that they also represent a faction that is at odds with hardliners like Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). But that assumption is groundless, and Tehran’s continued exploitation of foreign interlocutors should make it clear that the assumption is harmful to global security.
When the current president of the regime, Hassan Rouhani, was elected in 2013, many Western policymakers embraced it as a sign that substantial reform was pending in the country. Some even portrayed the election as a sort of delayed triumph for the 2009 protests that erupted four years earlier after the disputed reelection of Rouhani’s predecessor, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Those protests were brutally suppressed, and the people’s demands were rejected out of hand. Rouhani’s election came as a surprise because the intervening four years produced no meaningful changes which suggested that the stage had been set for moderate leadership.
This should have been recognized as a clue that Rouhani’s moderate credentials were illusory. But even among those who failed to recognize the preexisting signs of his adherence to hardline principles, there should have been a rapid loss of faith in moderation after his first year in office failed to demonstrate follow-through on any of his promised reforms. Yet some in the West contented themselves with the belief that Tehran was moving toward compromise in the nuclear sphere, and that once this was achieved it would herald broader change.
A nuclear deal did finally arrive on the scene in 2015, but it was rightly derided by serious critics of the Iranian regime for giving away sanctions relief to the mullahs in exchange for limited, short-term restrictions on nuclear enrichment, and no further transparency on the past military dimensions of the nuclear program. But while the preamble of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action promised that it would contribute to a more peaceful environment in the Middle East, its implementation coincided with the ongoing escalation of Iran’s regional meddling.
Domestic conditions in Iran didn’t show any signs of progress during Rouhani’s first term, either. Instead, the era seemed to soon be defined by increased repression of political dissent and free expression in general.
Near the end of Rouhani’s first term, a leaked audio recording from 1988 made it widely known that his first Justice Minister, Mostafa Pourmohammadi, had played a major role in that year’s massacre of 30,000 political prisoners. Pourmohammadi would go on to publicly declare that he felt proud to have helped carry out “God’s command” by executing the main targets of that massacre, members of the People’s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI-MEK). Although he was removed from his position ahead of Rouhani’s second term, he has otherwise faced no consequences, and he was promptly replaced by Alireza Avaiee, another participant in the same massacre.
Mostafa Pour-Mohammadi defends Iran's 1988 massacre
Now Rouhani is nearing the end of his second term in office, and it is widely anticipated that he will be replaced by an avowed hardliner following a purge of “reformists” from the ballots during last year’s parliamentary elections. After the past seven years, the global consensus should tend toward an understanding that this doesn’t actually make a difference. It should be clear to all that the moderate and hardline factions represent a distinction without a difference, and that the 2015 nuclear deal is not sufficient to set one apart from the other, least of all in the aftermath of Iran’s systematic violations and the ultimatum underlying its recent decision – wholly embraced by both factions – to resume enriching uranium to 20 percent fissile purity.
That may be one of the last decisions that defines Rouhani’s legacy, and yet many Western policymakers are looking toward the end of this era while wringing their hands over the pending loss of some vague opportunity that never really made itself known. Some are even pushing for the incoming US presidential administration to promptly reenter the nuclear deal that the previous administration pulled out of in 2018, even if doing so involves the renewed suspension of economic sanctions or an offer of other concessions that effectively reward Tehran for its malign activity.
This is not a regime made up of hardliners and reformists jostling for dominance; it is an irredeemable religious dictatorship wherein both factions swear loyalty to a single ruling theocrat while working together to bamboozle foreign adversaries into turning a blind eye to his agenda in hopes of promoting domestic reforms that will never come.
1988 Massacre
MEK-Iran
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Saxena Lab
Electrical Engineering @ University of Florida
Welcome to the Saxena Lab for Neural Control!
About the PI
Shreya Saxena
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering @ UF
Warren B. Nelms Institute for the Connected World
Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases
Shreya Saxena is as an Assistant Professor at the University of Florida in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in the Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering. At UF, she is affiliated with the Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, the Warren B. Nelms Insititute for the Connected World and the Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases.
Before this, Shreya was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Center for Theoretical Neuroscience at the Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute at Columbia University, working with Liam Paninski and John Cunningham. Here, she was affiliated with the Department of Statistics, and being generously funded by the Postdoc Mobility Fellowship offered by the Swiss National Science Foundation.
Shreya completed her PhD in the Laboratory of Information and Decision Systems at the Massachusetts Institute of Techonology, working with Munther Dahleh in the Department of Electrical Engineering. Prior to this, she received an MSc from the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Johns Hopkins University, working with Sridevi V. Sarma. She did her undergraduate degree at Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland.
Here is a link to Shreya’s CV. She can be reached at shreya.saxena_at_ufl_dot_edu.


Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Greenway
by Calé
Through a superficial observation of the Seekers series, we, as observers, are inclined to reject the portraits we present as failures. They show signs of poor technical capacity as the main character of each photo is quite blurred and overexposed. With the fully automatic cameras of our time, it should be possible to make sharp, well-exposed photos. But Brazilian artist Calé has created a series with such rigor that we necessarily have to surrender to his figurative language and enter the premises of his photographs.
Because the conditions for our existence in large cities seem to be the same regardless of where we are in the world, the series is not about specific people or places, but the temporal places in which we find ourselves. It is no coincidence that we are in the urban space, where each person is supposedly surrounded by many other people. However, the photographs are reproduced isolated, alone and anonymous. Nowhere are we more solitary than when surrounded by strangers.
Jens Friis
Curator and Director
Brandts Museum, Denmark
Calé cale.art.br
Calé has been a editorial and commercial photographer for the last 17 years, and had clients such as National Geographic, Newsweek, Vogue, GQ, NY Times, Petrobras, Cachaça Leblon, Banco Icatu, among others. In the last 3 years he has been dedicating more time to his art work, part of a big life change. His work looks into the universe of his inner experiences and questions love, sexuality, identity and spiritual arise. His photos have been seen in galleries, museums and festivals in Denmark, Russia, Ireland, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and USA He recently won the XIII Marc Ferrez Prize in Brazil, a USD$ 22.000,00 grant, and in 2011 he won the Iberoamericanos Award and Best Porfolio in Encuentros Abiertos Argentina 2012.


October 31, 2018 by Ernest Johnson
Former Public Administrator Employee Indicted for Stealing
Over $78,000 From Estates of Eight Decedents
Allegedly Used Stolen Funds on a Cruise, Bills, Shopping and More
Brooklyn District Attorney Eric Gonzalez, together with New York City Department of Investigation Commissioner Mark G. Peters, today announced that a former case manager at the Office of the Kings County Public Administrator has been indicted on grand larceny and other charges for allegedly stealing over $78,000 from the estates of eight deceased individuals whose estates his agency was administering.
District Attorney Gonzalez said, “This defendant abused his position and betrayed the public trust by allegedly stealing tens of thousands of dollars that he then used for his personal expenses. A thorough investigation uncovered the extent of his alleged theft and we will now seek to hold him accountable. Public corruption and abuse of power will not be tolerated in Brooklyn.”
Commissioner Peters said, “This public servant misused his position in the Kings County Public Administrator’s Office to allegedly access the debit and credit card accounts of several deceased persons, stealing tens of thousands of dollars from their estates and using the money for lavish purchases, according to the charges. DOI’s report issued today details the alleged criminal conduct and makes recommendations to KCPA to address vulnerabilities in its policies and procedures to prevent future crimes. DOI thanks the Brooklyn District Attorney’s Office for their partnership in this investigation.”
The District Attorney identified the defendant as Fitzroy Thompson, 36, of Park Slope, Brooklyn. He was arraigned today before Brooklyn Supreme Court Justice Danny Chun on an indictment in which he is charged with second-degree grand larceny, third-degree corrupting the government, first-degree scheme to defraud and first- and third-degree identity theft. The defendant was ordered to return to court on January 9, 2019. He faces up to 15 years in prison if convicted of the top count.
The District Attorney said that, according to the investigation, the defendant was employed as a case manager at the Office of the Kings County Public Administrator, which administers estates of those who die without a last will and testament or without family members who are able to administer their estates. Between July 2017 and April 2018, the defendant allegedly stole a total of $78,325 in funds from estates being administered by the Public Administrator.
It is alleged that the defendant used credit cards and checking accounts belonging to estates of eight decedents whose cases he handled or could access to make various purchases and payments. In January 2018, he booked a cruise with Carnival Cruise Line, using one of the decedent’s credit cards to pay a $2,741 fee, the investigation found. He also allegedly used estate funds unlawfully to make ATM withdrawals exceeding $35,000, to make lease payments on a 2017 Nissan Pathfinder and a 2016 Nissan Altima, to make rent payments in connection with two properties, to pay phone and cable bills, to buy JetBlue airline tickets to Nassau, Bahamas and to make purchases at Walmart, Fingerhut and other companies.
The defendant was arrested in March 2018 after the executor of one estate noticed charges on his deceased relative’s account, including the cruise payment, and filed a police report. A subsequent investigation discovered the additional alleged larcenies. The defendant was suspended upon his arrest and resigned from the Office of the Public Administrator in July.
District Attorney Gonzalez thanked the Kings County Public Administrator’s Office, its staff and Public Administrator Richard Buckheit for their cooperation and assistance with this investigation.
The case was investigated by Senior Investigative Auditor Helen Gromadsky and Deputy Inspector General and Special Counsel Spector of the New York City Department of Investigation, under the supervision of Inspector General Eleonora Rivkin, Associate Commissioner Andrew Brunsden, Deputy Commissioner/Chief of Investigations Susan Lambiase, and First Deputy Commissioner Lesley Brovner. The case was also investigated by New York City Police Department Detective Mitchell Eisenberg of the 60th Precinct Detective Squad.
The case is being prosecuted by Senior Assistant District Attorney Adam Libove, of the District Attorney’s Public Integrity Unit with the assistance of Investigative Paralegal Zachary Gitman, under the supervision of Assistant District Attorney Michel Spanakos, Chief of the Public Integrity Unit, and the overall supervision of Assistant District Attorney Patricia McNeill, Deputy Chief of the District Attorney’s Investigations Division and Mark Feldman, Senior Executive Assistant District Attorney for Crime Strategies and Investigations
An indictment is an accusatory instrument and not proof of a defendant’s guilt.
Categories Press Releases
Brooklyn Man Indicted for Scheme Where He Allegedly Used Counterfeit Bills When Buying Smartphones and Laptop from Online Sellers
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Home / Fulltext / Swot analysis of gwadar and chabahar port
SWOT Analysis of Gwadar and Chabahar Port
Gwadar and Chabahar port both have significance due to their geostrategic position for the emerging economic powers of Asia, India, and China. Gwadar port managed by China under the CPEC agreement, while on the other side, Chabahar port funded by India under Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) which was signed on 23 May 2016 between India, Afghanistan, and Iran. Both ports are located in a significant strategic position for an energy trade route to connect Central Asia, Middle East, and Europe. Due to economic cost, both ports came into competition with each other. However, Iran and Pakistan both states deny any competition with each other and both states keenly interested in building cooperation and connections with each other. No doubt China is the emerging economic power of the world while the US try to contain China’s growing influence in the Asian region for its resources. This paper focused on the nature of both ports and built arguments that possible strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threat in the light of comparative analysis through descriptive studies.
Gwadar, Chabahar, Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats, CPEC
China and India are emerging economies of Asia. They both want to make their influence in the resource-rich region of Central Asia. China starts a project in Gwadar, the city of Balochistan in Pakistan, to build a seaport and wants to connect this port to a less develop Western part of China. As a result, India, to contain the growing influence of China in the region, India starts a project to build a seaport in Chabahar located and an important strategic position in Iran to make its influence stronger in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Both countries invest huge amount of money in these projects. Gwadar is the world deepest seaport; it has a large capacity for upcoming ships. On the other hand, Chabahar is only just a few meters deep; it has a low capacity as compared to Gwadar. Chabahar route is unsafe and unclear due to some militant’s groups that have control in a large area of Afghanistan, and there is no trained army or security force in Afghanistan like Pakistan. The Chabahar project is delay due to a lack of funding by India. Iran dropped India from the Chabahar railway project and made a deal with China. China wants to connect CPEC (China– Pakistan Economic Corridor) with Iran and other countries. Gwadar seaport has such a lot of significance due to it has the secure and shortest route for Central Asia and Western China to reach the warm sea. It's important to decrease Chinese dependence on the ‘Strait of Malacca’ and South China sea disputed routes, the port of Gwadar would provide China with another shortest and safe route for oil imports from the Middle East, thereby minimize shipping costs and reduce times. Gwadar is a new transit hub for the Landlocked Central Asian Republics (Malik, 2012).
Chabahar is beneficial for Iran because it is the alternate port of Iran. It is the merely Iranian port with direct access to the Indian Ocean. It also has significance for Afghanistan because it provides a gateway for Afghans. Both ports provide many opportunities to their native. Finically supports their own countries. They help to increase the GDP, decrease poverty, and provide a job for youth. India also wants to increase their influence in Afghanistan by the route of Chabahar.
Gwadar Development under CPEC
Gwadar Port, located in Balochistan, is the only deep seaport which links China to the Middle East and provides a route to warm waters which can help China to develop its western province Xingjian by attaching its western regions to the rest of the world (Salim & Sultana). In the past 1987, China also constructed the Karakoram highway as a symbol of friendship and road connectivity which will be extended through CPEC and linked with Gwadar port. The port of Gwadar provides an alternative shipping route to China instead of ‘Malacca Strait’ and the South China Sea. Gwadar port will be able to improve the logistic structure of the Xinjiang region. Once the CPEC project will be fully functional and connected with Central Asian states through Xinjiang province, they can easily exchange their products in lower prices, and Gwadar port is the nearest port for Central Asian landlocked states (Bashir, Rashid, Ikram, & Tanveer, 2018). Gwadar port also provides access to oil transportation and the shortest route to Middle Eastern and African countries through Gwadar port, as shown in figure 1 (below).
Figure 1: Importance of Gwadar Port for the World
Source:https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/gwadar-port-implications-for-gcc-and-china.474961/ (accessed on 04-05-2020)
In 1958, Pakistan obtained Gwadar port from the Sultan of Oman with the ambition of developing a deep seaport. Having a deep seaport remained a dream until Karachi port came under attack by Indian forces in the war of 1971 between Pakistan and India. Developing a seaport in Gwadar will help as an alternative trade route for Pakistan. Post-war scenario, the plan of a port was implemented, but due to the lack of funds, ports could not be constructed. During 1988-1992, a small port was built in Gwadar (Ahmad, 2016). The proper development of Gwadar port started in 2002 when China took responsibility for Gwadar port development, and in 2013, they launched the CPEC project, and Gwadar port development became an essential part of this completely under the supervision of Chinese company. Pakistan experienced the same naval threats during the Kargil war 1999 and in 2001-2002 during a direct conflict with India, which forced Pakistan to have some substitute hub and naval base as an alternate trade route and provide a backup to Karachi and Port Qasim to counter future Indian threat (Kanwal, 2018).
Phases of Gwadar Port
Chinese company completed the first phase of Gwadar port in 2005. In 2007 President Musharaff along, Chinese minister of communication Mr. Li Shenglin, inaugurated it. The total capacity and area of phase I is around 3 berths, used for cargo shipments coming from west China, American continents, Middle East, and Africa. Phase II was during 2005-2010, under the port supervision of the Singapore authority (PSA). The suggested plan for up-gradation of Gwadar port included enhancing the berths from 3 to 9, which would increase the shortage capacity of the port. Due to unfavourable circumstances of Balochistan, the upgradation of the port was not done by PSA (Zaheer, 2006). In 2013, Pakistani leadership handed it over to COPHC for 49 years lease for further development and trading; the first shipment was made from Gwadar in 2008. Currently, China completely controls the development of the Gwadar port, and it also shows the importance of the Gwadar port for China as it has become the prime hub of the CPEC project; without the Gwadar port, we cannot imagine CPEC.
Gwadar port is the third-largest port in the world and can be utilized for commercial activities of the whole region (Naseem, 2014). Strategically it is situated at a prime location and only 72 km away from Chabahar port which tries to challenge and counter Gwadar port importance. Gwadar is located on the mouth of the Persian Gulf and gateway to the Strait of Hormuz. The Chinese government decided to construct a naval base in Jiwani, 40 km away from Gwadar, for the protection of this port and ongoing trade (Khetran, 2014).
Gwadar Free Zone
Gwadar port also has a free zone called (GFZ). In 2013, Gwadar free zone was taken over by China overseas ports holding company (COPHC) for expansion of Gwadar after the agreement inked between the Gwadar port authority (GPA), Singapore port authority and COPHC. GFZ is situated in the northern part of Gwadar, which is 7 km away from the existing port. The Gwadar free zone will be developed till 2030 under four phases. The total area of these free zone is 923 hectares. These free zones will provide cargo capacity and also will develop industry near the port area (Parliamentary Committee on China Pakistan Economic Corridor CPEC, 2015-2017). The early development of the port is primarily based on cold storage, fishery processing, agriculture processing, infrastructure, marble processing, container yards, warehouse, business centre, trade exhibition hall, halal food processing, packaging, rest and recreation, hotel, and medical facilities etc.
According to the Parliamentary report on CPEC 2015-2017, they prefer local people to work for the development of GFZ, and around 497 locals’ employees are already serving. During the construction work of the free zone, 2000 jobs will be created for the locals, and more jobs will be available with the development of the free zone. In the management of COPHC, the Faqeer school project completed in Gwadar, granting scholarships to local youth, supplying fresh water to locals, further progress of the free zone is in the process (Zaheer, 2006).
The planned GFZ expansions are mostly granted by the Chinese government through COPHC. As the president of Rawalpindi Chamber of Commerce and Industry (RCCI ) stated, “There is unfair projection done by the government on Gwadar port, is not much progress has been done there, which they are projecting to the public.” More, he added, “Gwadar port has potential, but we are not capable enough to use that potential. There is dire need to do a lot of work” (Khan, 2018/Interview). In Table 1 the details of Gwadar master plan and progress detail is mentioned.
Table 1. Gwadar Master Plan
S. No
Estimated Cost US$ Million
Financing Mechanism
COPHC
Concessional Loan
Gwadar International Airport
Gwadar Smart Port City Master Plan
Chinese Fourth Harbour Design Institute (FDHI) CCCC
Completed in August 2018
Gwadar Eastbay Expressway
(19 km, connecting Gwadar Port
to Mehran Coastal Highway),
Gwadar Eastbay Expressway II
(19 km, connecting Eastbay
Expressway I to New Gwadar
International Airport to New
A mix of Chinese Government Concessional Loan and Grant
Gwadar Pak-China Friendship
Chinese Government Grant
Gwadar Vocational Training and technical college
Gwadar Port Authority or any Financial Framework Agreement under CPEC
Gwadar Faqeer Primary School
Chinese Communications Construction Company Ltd. (CCCCL)
Necessary facilities for freshwater treatment, water supply and distribution
Dredging of Breathing Areas & channels
Chinese Government Concessional Loan & Grant
Feasibility phase
Construction of Breakwater
Concessional Loan & Grant
Bao Steel Park, petrochemicals,
stainless steel and other industries in Gwadar
Upgradation and development
of fishing, boat making, and
maintenance services to protect.
and promote livelihoods of the
local population
Development of Gwadar University (Social Sector Development)
Source: The Ministry of Planning and Commission and the China Pakistan Institute (22 Feb 2018)
Gwadar free zone is located 632 km away from Karachi and accessed through Makran coastal highway, and it is 120 km away from the Iran border. Gwadar is linked through road and air with the major cities of Pakistan, and a planned airport will connect the city with major airports of the world. In Table 1 it is clearly indicated that only three projects were completely granted from China, whereas the remaining were on concessional loans taken from the Chinese government. The total expected cost on the development of the Gwadar project is 1.62 billion US dollars (A. Hassan, 2005). Here the question arises that if China is not fully invested in Gwadar, then why Pakistan handed over Gwadar to China for the next 40 years with 91 percent revenue collection to China, and Pakistan will receive only 9 percent of revenue. The concern of revenue production was raised by the Minister of Shipping and port Hasil Beizinjo during a Senate meeting in December 2017. Gwadar port has a significant strategic position for global trading activities, so it is essential for the Pakistan government to close a deal on equal terms and conditions. Another concern is that if Pakistan will collect only 9 percent revenue from Gwadar port, then how it will pay back the loan because Pakistan does not have sufficient foreign reserves or export industry. In 9 percent revenue, how many shares Pakistan will give to Balochistan province. Due to these conditions of Pakistan may be in future, China will take over Gwadar port as they
already took control of Hambantota port in Sri Lanka. Sri Lankan government signed a deal with China; they gave the port control to China for the next 99 years along with 70 percent revenue collection and the remaining 30 percent for Sri Lanka (Patrick, 2017). To counter this agenda, Pakistani government officials argue that the deal and agreements of Gwadar port are completely different from Hambantota port, and China will never take control of Gwadar port.
All the investments which come under the CPEC project will address China’s interests, not Pakistan’s interests. Pakistan will get better infrastructure, modern techniques of communication etc., but all these advancements will be utilized by China for transportation and trade. If Pakistan’s govt and industrialist will not formulate proper, timely policies and steps and how to counter the growing market of Chinese products, it will further lead Pakistan towards Chinese dependency. Pakistan is already facing foreign debt issue challenges, and CPEC loans will burden Pakistan’s economy.
Chabahar Port
On the other hand, Chabahar port which is located southeast of Iran in Sistan and best geostrategic position. It is in a key position to access the Oman Sea, Persian Gulf, and the Indian Ocean. India spending 85 million US dollars primarily on the development of Chabahar port because through Chabahar port India directly access landlocked Afghanistan and rich resources states of Central Asian Republics. After the development of Chabahar port India received rights over this for eighteen months initially. Iran also declared Chabahar port a free trade zone. India is constructing two containers berths with a length of 40 meters and three multi-cargo berths capacity. In figure 2 clearly indicated growing Indian influence in the Persian Gulf region also be able to strengths its maritime presence. The shortest distance of Chabahar Kandla port of India is 550 nautical miles (NM) while the currently define sea route is 650 NM by defining this new route towards Kandla and Mumbai Port it will secure travel cost and time and also avoid the Pakistani coast by a long margin (M. Hassan, 2018).
Figure 2: Importance of Chabahar Port for India
Source: google maps.
With one of the world's fastest-growing economies, India has felt compelled to explore new ways to extend its economic contacts and get access to new markets. Central Asia is one of the fastest-growing markets. The Gwadar port in Pakistan is one prospective path for India to access Central Asian markets, although India has long sought alternate routes due to its hostile relationship with Pakistan. Afghanistan is one of the possible routes for the country to reach Central Asia. Afghanistan also aims to diversify its trade routes to reach foreign markets and minimize its reliance on Pakistan, which handles most of the Afghan trade due to the country's landlocked status. The Chabahar Agreement was signed in 2003 by India, Afghanistan, and Iran as part of the North-South Transport Corridor concept signature by Chabahar port (Pant & Mehta, 2018).
The port of Chabahar is in the province of Sistan and Balochistan in southern Iran, on the Gulf of Oman. Gwadar, Pakistan, located roughly 72 km west along the coast. Chabahar provides a new prospect for India to revive trade links with Afghanistan and Central Asia also monitor China naval presence at Gwadar and counter its ‘Strings of Pearl’ policy in the Indian Ocean. Afghanistan and Central Asian Republics consider Chabahar as another gateway for their import and export. Iran also came out from its isolation in the global community through this regional development (Balooch, 2009). This port also established cooperation and competition for Gwadar port.
SWOT Analysis of Gwadar with Chabahar Port
The port of Gwadar is the backbone of the CPEC project. It will provide China with a short way of transporting its Goods from its western provinces like Xinjiang, Tibet, and Qinghai to the Arabia Sea, in which 60 percent of oil shipping is done. It will play an important role in the less developed western region of China. This project is beneficial for both countries. Pakistan will get infrastructure development, and China can easily transport its goods and fulfil its energy needs by the alternate shortest and secure route. Revenue will also be generated from the toll of moving goods (A. Hassan, 2005).
Both ports are located at the mouth of the Strait of Hormuz, which contains two-thirds of the world's oil reserves and through which an estimated 17 billion barrels of crude oil travel every day. Once these ports are fully functioning, it is likely that competition for dominance of regional seaborne trade will emerge (Zeb, 2003).
There are some major reasons which indicate the importance of Gwadar port over Chabahar.
Security Threats
After Chabahar in Iran, the next stop for Indian product will be Afghanistan, subsequently to the Central Asian States. Indian goods will not be safe due to the Taliban influence and political instability in Afghanistan, some major insurgent group in Afghanistan they have against Indian ideology. On the other hand, Gwadar also has some security issues like Balochistan has security problems and instability problem from local Baloch groups. Pakistan also established a special security task force with the help of China for the protection of CPEC and Chinese workers.
Iran also has recently launched a nuclear-capable missile, which is a clear violating of a UN Security Council Resolution. Iran supreme leader has made that clear “We will not cooperate with America over the regional crisis. Their aims in the region are 180 degrees opposed to Iran” (Ayatollah Ali Khamenei). Gwadar has no such sanctions on China’s investment anywhere, nor is Pakistan subject to any kind of UN sanctions (Hemmer, 2007).
Both China and Pakistan want to work on CPEC because both countries need this project for further economic growth of both countries, China, Russia, five Middle-Asian states and Pakistan, all these countries have an interest in CPEC, these countries also favor CPEC, on the other hand, both China and Pakistan are ready, even if needs they take a military action to stop enemies of CPEC from their aims. So, both countries are trying their best to convert this dream into reality. During the Prime Minister's visit to Pakistan in April 2019, the two nations inked the second phase of the China Pakistan Free Trade Agreement (CPFTA) to increase bilateral trade volume. CPFTA-II started operating on January 1, 2020. It would ensure a level playing field in terms of concessions compared to other rivals, as well as strong safeguard measures to protect domestic industry and improved tariffs as well (Aslam, 2020).
This shows the strength of CPEC and, of course, Gwadar, which is part of CPEC. The shortest route for China to reach the Arabian sea goes only through Pakistan. Pakistan and China both have good relations from the beginning, and the ties become stronger with the passage of times.
Gwadar port faced a lot of challenges as compared to Chabahar. Gwadar is situated in the province of Balochistan, which is a resource rich but less developed state. Due to political instability in the Baloch region, Pakistan invested a huge amount for the security of Chinese workers and the development of the CPEC project. The Capital government allocated 17 million US dollars for CPEC safety in the budget of 2017-18. During the budget of 2019-20, the government offer to allocate 1.3 billion US dollars for CPEC related projects, especially for its safety. Furthermore, security forces at the provincial level were also established, like Punjab has its special protection Unit, while Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has passed the formation of a 4200-member security force at the cost of 11.4 million US dollars (Iqbal, 2018). If we see the position of Chabahar, it has no local security concerns like Pakistan.
With reference to opportunities, Gwadar, as a relatively small town in the process of development, particularly with a modern port, provides a variety of prospects to potential investors, including those in the following fields: Storage, warehousing, and other port-related infrastructure Hotels, motels, travel, and tourism are all part of the hospitality industry. The port is vital to Pakistan's geopolitical and economic interests. After Karachi and Qasim, it is Pakistan's third-largest deep-water port. It is situated at a major crossroads for international maritime commerce and oil trading. Gwadar has the potential to serve as Pakistan's worldwide trade hub (Takrim & Afeef, 2015).
The port of Chabahar will also serve as a check on China's growing position in the Arabian Sea, as China is substantially involved in the construction of Gwadar, a deep seaport in Pakistan's Balochistan region. It is also likely that connections with India and Iran's military cooperation may be expanded, which would be extremely advantageous in countering China's navy in the Indian Ocean.
The major threats to Gwadar port are from those who think that this port will damage or end their dreams, like the US, which is in tension due to progressing of China. The US dream is to maintain its status as a Superpower; this dream getting threatens by the growing Chinese economy, which has left behind the US economy in terms of GDP in PPP, which is $25.27 trillion now. It is a common perception that the state which has a bigger economy can accommodate bigger military forces, and the state which has bigger military power can get the status of superpower in the world. So, the US is trying to contain the growing influence of China. Like creating an impression that the CPEC is a threat to Pakistan and forcing other nations of the world to stop trading with China. The US has warned Pakistan that CPEC would push the country deeper into an already stifling debt burden and increase profit to China. News like these will impact CPEC because its main purpose is to provide China with a route to export its goods. Other enemies of CPEC are India, which is looking that these two countries getting improved India is known to support BLA in Balochistan by its intelligence. Kulbhushan Jadhav Indian spy arrested in Balochistan Gwadar proof Indian involvement and objective to create hurdles in the way of CPEC development.
The biggest threat to the port of Chabahar is Strict-Policy making the government of Iran itself, as today Iran is under many US sanctions, and if these sanctions remain or increases, the port of Chabahar will be useless India and Central Asian countries. India ignores US threat moves to open Iran's Chabahar port, this shows the US is a threat to Chabahar port, so if the US hold remains in this region, the Chabahar port is in danger, as the US always support Saudi Arabia and Saudi Arabia thinks Iran as a danger for itself, so it somewhat also depends on Saudi Arabia's hold in World politics. To counter US influence, Iran also shakes hand with China and shows its interest to become a part of China’s game-changer project. Recently China and Iran signed an agreement for growing trade, economic and strategic cooperation. China invests $400 to $600 billion in Iran, with some estimates running as high as $800 billion.
Both ports are located at the crossroad position of the energy trading route through which 70 percent of the world’s oil shipment passes. Gwadar is just 70 km away from Chabahar, but overall, both have different salient features. As compared to Chabahar, Gwadar is a deep seaport and have more capacity to deal with trans-shipment and dry cargo due to its close Sea Lines of Communication (SLOC) situated on an ideal position. Gwadar is a weather port as well as have more capacity to deal with cargo shipments. Another distinguished feature of Gwadar port is that port development under the lease of China Overseas Port Holding Corporation (COPHC) for 40 years (Khetran, 2018). On other sides, India is invested for the development of Chabahar port, but its operational restraints and control is in the hand of Iran. There is another important perspective that Gwadar is a part of China long term strategy and Belt Road Initiative and target the region of the Middle East and Africa. On the other side, Chabahar is focused on Afghanistan and Central Asian states. In case of cooperation or competition, Iran Ambassador to Pakistan Mehdi Hoonerdost addressing a public gathering on May 27, 2016, at the Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad (ISSI) and similarly former Advisor to Prime Minister on Foreign Affairs, Sartaj Aziz, said that Pakistan wants to connect Gwadar with Chabahar trough road and rail links. Iran also shows interest to join the CPEC project. So, both states focus on cooperation rather than the competition but Indian involvement in Chabahar is creating competition and hurdles for Gwadar. The whole scenario focused on a realist perspective and maintained the Balance of Power in the region.
Both ports are twin ports, both of which have their own importance. In a case when one port become un-efficient for trading (for example, Chabahar by sanctions of the US), the other port will provide a trade route to Central Asian states. On the other hand, it is just a fantasy created about the Chabahar port, whereas its potentials are so much low than Gwadar’s. Though the Indian economy is growing at a healthy pace of over 7 percent yearly nevertheless, it must manage with high population growth, swelling inflation and financial condition, declining exports, lack of infrastructure, and lots of different considerations. According to research commissioned by the Ministry of Commerce, imports via Chabahar port and international north-south transport corridor INSTC are 30 percent cheaper than those via the Mediterranean-Suez route. The port will allow India to use a sea-land route to deliver products to Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan. Law and order situation on Iran’s side is not pretty either, and the US disclosed concerns over India-Iran ties too. All such situation increases the questions on the feasibility of Indian capacities for Chabahar and smooth expansion of the project.
Gwadar Port of Pakistan needs extraordinary economic incentives for the country and can be the center stage of the entire recovery process. It is capable of placing Pakistan among the leading economies of the region. Aside from lessening China's reliance on the Strait of Malacca and South China Sea routes, the port of Gwadar will provide China with a new and shorter route for energy imports from the Middle East, lowering shipping costs and transit times. The port of Gwadar is thought to be the closest to other Chinese ports. Pakistan's economy is significantly reliant on Chinese imports. The Gwadar port will be the most convenient port for Chinese imports to enter Pakistan's mainland. This will provide Pakistan's economy with a much-needed boost. Gwadar is providing shorter trade paths to the landlocked country relative to Chabahar. China is getting a cost reductive and time-saving path for exports and imports through Gwadar, and the port will help the new superpower to meet its oil and energy requirements via Gwadar Port. Hence, the port is likely to be “The Golden Bird” for Pakistan.
View Open
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130419-F-VU439-153.JPG Photo By:
Elizabeth Neumann, an NBC TODAY Show producer, tapes Senior Airman Jay O'Neil, 437th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron crew chief, and Sara Haines, NBC Today Show correspondent, as O’Neil explains the wheel assembly on a C-17 Globemaster III during a visit April 19, 2013, at Joint Base Charleston – Air Base, S.C. Haines met with members from the 437th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron, 14th Airlift Squadron, 628th Security Forces Squadron Ravens team and 437th Aerial Port Squadron for an upcoming segment of the TODAY show. Each interview included hands-on interaction with Airmen who explained their jobs and their roles in achieving the Air Force mission. (U.S. Air Force photo/ Senior Airman George Goslin)


Number of items: 135.
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Fitzsimmons, Brian Joseph (1984) The Total Synthesis of the Enantiomer of Lasalocid A. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/w5gn-5650. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:12072018-114316546
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Given, Jeffrey Wayne (1984) Inversion of Body-Wave Seismograms for Upper Mantle Structure. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/cgdh-0e19. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10242018-091909982
Goldberg, David Alan (1984) Molecular Studies on the Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene of Drosophila melanogaster. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/skx9-0t33. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10302018-173746907
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Hanle, Daniel Dale (1984) In vitro Fluid Dynamics of Prosthetic Aortic Heart Valves in Steady and Pulsatile Flow. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/JC5A-5J46. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-11092005-152937
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Hertzberg, Robert P. (1984) Cleavage of DNA with Methidiumpropyl-EDTA. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/vcna-tp03. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10102018-114702204
Hill, Robert Ian (1984) Petrology and Petrogenesis of Batholithic Rocks, San Jacinto Mountains, Southern California. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/9x01-1n85. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:09132016-161520143
Ho, Kuo Ting (1984) Evolution of Nitrogen Impurities in Metal-Silicon Binary Couples and their Effect on Silicide Formation. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/tz19-ww79. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-11072005-080724
Ho, Tai-Ping (1984) The Dialogue Designing Dialogue System. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/5v76-gn68. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01022007-104438
Hofmeister, Anne Marie (1984) A Spectroscopic and Chemical Study of the Coloration of Feldspars by Irradiation and Impurities, Including Water. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/bj75-5674. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10172018-114703911
Houseworth, James Evan (1984) Longitudinal Dispersion in Nonuniform, Isotropic Porous Media. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/0vtp-g766. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01122007-131711
Huang, Moh-jiann (1984) Investigation of Local Geology Effects on Strong Earthquake Ground Motions. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/pm3k-w086. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:12122018-092221333
Hushmand, Behnam (1984) Experimental Studies of Dynamic Response of Foundations. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/6TJK-6088. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-08152006-091708
Ikeda, Richard Alan (1984) I. Bismethidium Intercalators: The Binding of Nucleic Acids and II. Experiments in the Design of Site Specific DNA Cleaving Agents. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/xp0y-6y73. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:11122018-122020454
Kaiser, Robert James, Jr. (1984) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Kinetic Studies of the Catalytic Mechanism of the Serine Proteases. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/xg11-xg51. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:11162018-115223569
Katz, Lawrence Charles (1984) Intrinsic Connectivity of Identified Projection Neurons in Cat Visual Cortex Brain Slices. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/kahn-q578. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:11202018-101534170
Khanna, Rohit (1984) Control Model Development for Packed Bed Chemical Reactors. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/VK3Y-QN30. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05152003-160535
Koller, Jeffrey George (1984) Yang-Mills Theory in Six-Dimensional Superspace. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/RP3T-S865. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:06042014-113206988
Koochesfahani, Manoochehr Mohseni (1984) Experiments on turbulent mixing and chemical reactions in a liquid mixing layer. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/Y7BR-C556. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12132006-131143
Koop, Dale E. (1984) Prompt Electron Production in Electron-Positron Annihilations at 29 GeV. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/x378-b766. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:11202018-125614284
Kravaris, Constantine (1984) Identification of Spatially-Varying Parameters in Distributed Parameter Systems. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/m0kv-m285. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01092007-104956
Krouse, Mauri Eugene (1984) Investigation of Competitive Antagonist Binding to the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Using Voltage-Jump and Light-Flash Techniques. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/wb48-ph26. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:05282015-161004818
Kuo, Chia-lam (1984) Use of Temperature Sensitive Mutants to Study Yeast DNA Replication. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/gekb-yq20. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:11212018-100547724
Larson, Peter Brennan (1984) I. An ¹⁸O/¹⁶O Investigation of the Lake City Caldera, San Juan Mountains, Colorado. II. ¹⁸O/¹⁶O Relationships in Tertiary Ash-Flow Tuffs from Complex Caldera Structures in Central Nevada and the San Juan Mountains, Colorado. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/aeb1-ct78. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:09142018-134243270
Le, Anthony T. (1984) Synthesis of the β-ketoimides and their chemical transformations. Master's thesis, California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/canh-7y33. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:03292010-082952526
Lee, Chi-Woo (1984) Adsorption and Electrochemistry of BIS-1, 10-Phenanthroline Complexes of Copper (I,II) and Fungal Laccase A. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/f4sv-x904. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:11272018-091510836
Lichten, Stephen Morris (1984) Turbulence and Mass Motion in Galactic Molecular Clouds. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/wbm2-9x67. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-09092008-083043
Lim, Christopher S. (1984) I. Mixing in doorway flows. II. Entrainment in fire plumes. Engineer's thesis, California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/MWGY-CY05. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12212006-153204
Lutz, Christopher (1984) Design of the Mosaic Processor. Master's thesis, California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/cs85-zs74. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:04122012-093644670
Lyberatos, Gerasimos (1984) Dynamic and Steady-State Bifurcation for Modeling Chemical Reaction Systems. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/bspw-np07. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01112007-103406
MacFarlane, David Brian (1984) Nucleon Structure from Neutrino Interactions in an Iron Target with a Study of the Singlet Quark Distribution. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/93ev-4g25. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:11272018-121922950
Macdonald, Douglas Alan (1984) Black-Hole Electrodynamics. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/vv78-at49. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:09012017-133647841
Mailhiot, Christian (1984) Theoretical Investigations of Electron States in Small-Scale Semiconductor Structures. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/0470-nf89. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01112007-111123
Marcus, Neil (1984) Finiteness in Supersymmetric Theories. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/4t2f-t947. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:11262018-165108335
Margoliash, Daniel (1984) Songbirds, Grandmothers, Templates: A Neuroethological Approach. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/2yhr-5t19. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:11282018-101712728
Mayne, Jeffery Terrell (1984) The Post-Translational Processing of Sindbis Virus Glycoproteins. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/jvbk-es85. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:11282018-124040200
McCue, Kenneth Frank (1984) The Structure of Individual Decisions in American Elections: the Influence of Relevant Alternatives. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/rpsf-5g81. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:11302018-120557222
McElwee-White, Lisa Ann (1984) Theoretical and Experimental Assessment of the Viability of 1,4,6,9-Spiro[4.4]Nonatetrayl as a Reactive Intermediate. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/nytz-bf09. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10262009-151524640
Meisling, Kristian Erik (1984) Neotectonics of the North Frontal Fault System of the San Bernardino Mountains, Southern California: Cajon Pass to Lucerne Valley. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/RSDP-BS67. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01222009-094629
Mikolič-Torreira, Igor (1984) Norm Constant Holomorphic Functions on Banach Spaces. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/smv6-ca65. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10302018-181155071
Moonan, William Kevin (1984) Superposition of the Effects of Time, Temperature, and Pressure in Polymetric Materials. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/e970-mg79. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06152004-145433
Moore, Eric Jan (1984) Synthetic, Structural and Mechanistic Studies of Interactions of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Nucleophiles with Bis-Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Zirconium and Hafnium Derivatives. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/18vn-5737. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:04082013-141952473
Moser, David Randall (1984) Regulation of ColE1 Plasmid DNA Replication in Escherichia coli. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/bf0f-4378. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10302018-183325232
Myers, Jay J. (1984) Cognitive Transfer from Right to Left Hemisphere after Section of the Forebrain Commissures. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/agst-h905. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10302018-184155718
Neikirk, Dean Paul (1984) Integrated Detector Arrays for High Resolution Far-Infrared Imaging. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/jxk1-9t91. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01092007-104136
Ngai, John Yee-Keung (1984) The General Interconnect Problem of Integrated Circuits. Master's thesis, California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/fgcc-ks03. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:04132012-084100294
Ngo, Khai Doan The (1984) Topology and Analysis in PWM Inversion, Rectification, and Cycloconversion. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/M91H-FZ91. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04222005-160253
Nocera, Daniel George (1984) Spectroscopy, Electrochemistry, and Photochemistry of Polynuclear Metal-Metal Bonded Complexes. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/T14G-4N32. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02012005-160716
Oyang, Yen-Jen (1984) HEX: A Hierarchical Circuit Extractor. Master's thesis, California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/mptd-b683. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:05022012-105611552
Paine, Scott Nelson (1984) High Energy Heavy Ion Beam Enhanced Adhesion of Gold Films to GaAs. Senior thesis (Major), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/Z9XD0ZWZ. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:02202018-132931271
Papachristidis, Alexandros Christou (1984) Heterogeneous Data Base Access. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/5sdf-7w07. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01022007-110210
Partridge, Richard Allan (1984) Study of the ψ"(3770) Using the Crystal Ball Detector. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/yg5v-dv86. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:12172018-095221901
Patel, Apoorva Dayaram (1984) Monte-Carlo Renormalisation Group for Lattice QCD. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/m791-na19. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10312018-091543048
Pearson, Laurence Timothy (1984) A Model for the Lateral Organization of Protein Molecules in Lipid Bilayers. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/k7m9-xb92. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:12142018-113612227
Perry, Joseph Walter (1984) Nature and Energy Redistribution of Highly Vibrationally Excited Polyatomic Molecules. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/YDWZ-Z639. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04032008-111559
Piepgras, Donald John (1984) The Isotopic Composition of Neodymium in the Marine Environment: Investigations of the Sources and Transport of Rare Earth Elements in the Oceans. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/GATW-C580. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-08152006-132531
Polivka, William M. (1984) Applications of Magnetics to Problems in Switched-Mode Power Conversion. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/31G4-8128. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01022007-112439
Purohit, Milind Vasant (1984) Nucleon Structure Functions from ν_µ-Fe Interactions and a Study of the Valence Quark Distribution. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/4RBK-RV59. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:04082013-111418042
Redmount, Ian H. (1984) Topics in Black-Hole Physics: Geometric Constraints on Noncollapsing, Gravitating Systems and Tidal Distortions of a Schwarzschild Black Hole. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/mp3n-4r06. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:08232017-105535039
Reinelt, Douglas Alan (1984) The Penetration of a Finger into a Viscous Fluid. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/3T53-9Q51. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12212006-104724
Robinson, Allen Conrad (1984) Existence and Stability of Vortices and Vortex Arrays. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/0db7-mr48. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12212006-111951
Roddick, Dean Michael (1984) Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Hydride and Phosphide Complexes of Hafnium and Zirconium. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/wbgr-yd42. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10222018-111603289
Sadanand, Asha B. (1984) Three Essays in Law and Economics. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/ws6s-ac41. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:12102018-101952412
Saha, Abhijit (1984) A Survey of Halo RR Lyrae Stars. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/d56z-kf18. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-09092008-080231
San, Ka-Yiu (1984) Studies on the On-Line Identification and Optimal Control of Bioreactors. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/b5p1-5c02. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01082007-153733
Schultz, Jocelyn Chupka (1984) Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Alkyl and Alkenyl Free Radicals. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/r2r1-k971. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10032018-091338203
Schultz, Peter G. (1984) I. Ground and Excited State Studies of Persistent 1,1-Diazenes. II. Design of Sequence Specific DNA Cleaving Molecules. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/6vcz-qs72. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06252004-112048
Schulz, Robert (1984) Electrical Transport During Phase Transformation in Metallic Glasses. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/yxsm-vx37. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01252007-153245
Selinger, Stephen Richard (1984) Three Essays in Theoretical, Applied, and Normative Economics. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/21dr-cz26. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10312018-092033160
Senior, Constance Lynn (1984) Submicron Aerosol Formation During Combustion of Pulverized Coal. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/70GT-H495. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02022007-105020
Shatz, Michael Phillip (1984) A QCD Based Model of Hadron Hadron Scattering. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/krfv-d594. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10242019-101001451
Shaw, Henry Francis, III (1984) Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr Isotopic Systematics of Tektites and Other Impactites, Appalachian Mafic Rocks, and Marine Carbonates and Phosphates. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/x0zc-7w22. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:12142018-091056975
Shih, Thomas Loong (1984) Use of Enantioselective Aldol Condensations: Efforts Directed Towards the Total Synthesis of Ionomycin. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/vhx3-s283. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10192018-103740684
Simmen, Jeffrey Alan (1984) Steady Deep-Water Waves on a Linear Shear Current. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/H88C-1G49. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01192007-153942
Siu, Byron Bong (1984) Upper Bounds on the Magnetization of Ferromagnetic Ising Models. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/vwa3-1c66. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-09232005-133517
Smyth, Noel Frederick (1984) Part I: Soliton on a Beach and Related Problems. Part II: Modulated Capillary Waves. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/VXDD-1M21. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01252007-143608
Soto, Jorge Gonzalez (1984) Mechanistic Aspects of the Ziegler-Natta Polymerization. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/AXPG-AG37. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:07072014-083212737
Steigerwald, Michael Louis (1984) 2ₛ + 2ₛ Reactions at Transition Metals. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/S0HZ-TF05. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01032007-142600
Su, Wen-King (1984) Supermesh. Master's thesis, California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/yvj1-jt57. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:04122012-161148552
Swartz, Barry Allan (1984) Free Jet Expansion Laser Spectroscopy of van der Waals Molecules Containing Ne and Br₂. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/mp06-am61. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10312018-092920492
Tanveer, Saleh Ahmed (1984) Topics in 2-D Separated Vortex Flows. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/BR0B-QH56. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02012007-133412
Templeton, Michael Karpovich (1984) The Identification of Stable Reaction Intermediates on Aluminum Oxide Surfaces with Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/et22-8s13. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01262007-130514
Turner, Steve Ronald (1984) Nitrogen protecting groups in the ester enolate claisen rearrangement of amino esters. Synthesis of a furanomycin derivative. Master's thesis, California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/x02s-jt53. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:03292010-081412450
Van Dyke, Michael W. (1984) MPE•Fe(II) Footprinting: Drug Binding Sites on Native DNA. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/vy36-rq29. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:12052018-113900386
Vorpérian, Vatché (1984) Analysis of Resonant Converters. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/NWMH-AP27. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04082005-150525
Walck, Marianne Carol (1984) Teleseismic Array Analysis of Upper Mantle Compressional Velocity Structure. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/76q0-ye98. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10092013-142945359
Wang, Chiun (1984) The Effects of Curvature on Turbulent Mixing Layers. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/BC48-BE98. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01222007-142548
Warne, Larry Kevin (1984) Electromagnetic Radiation and Scattering in a Plasma with an Azimuthal Biasing Field. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/tja8-zp12. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01232007-143259
White, Jeffrey Owen (1984) Four-Wave Mixing and Phase Conjugation in Photorefractive Crystals. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/f9ef-m894. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01192007-152414
Wilson, John Charles (1984) Analysis of the Observed Earthquake Response of a Multiple Span Bridge. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/5321-6p57. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:11262018-124513833
Winget, James Michael (1984) Element-by-Element Solution Procedures for Nonlinear Transient Heat Conduction Analysis. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/G7VB-EV65. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01252007-132425
Winkler, Jay Richmond (1984) Spectroscopy and Photochemistry of Metal-Oxo Complexes. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/DE5E-2Y69. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02272006-082939
Yang, Vigor (1984) Pressure Oscillations in Liquid-Fueled Ramjet Engines. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/rfpg-es59. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-09052006-153951
Yu, Paul Kit-Lai (1984) Long Wavelength InGaAsP/InP Lasers and Optoelectronic Integration. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/4dk7-wn36. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01232007-131641
Zur, Amikam (1984) Theoretical Investigations of Solid Interfaces: 1. The Position of the Fermi Level at a Metal-Semiconductor Interface. 2. Geometric Lattice Match and Its Application to Heteroepitaxy. 3. Ab-initio Calculation of the Elastic Properties of Silicon, Using Small Clusters. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/w8vp-2g07. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01222007-152908


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Genesis are an English rock band that formed in 1967. The band currently comprises the longest-tenured members Phil Collins (lead vocals and drums), Mike Rutherford (guitar and bass guitar), and Tony Banks (keyboards). Peter Gabriel, Anthony Phillips and Steve Hackett also played major roles in the band in its early years. Genesis are among the top 30 highest-selling recording artists of all time with approximately 150 million albums sold worldwide.Genesis began as a 1960s pop band. During the 1970s, they evolved into a progressive rock band, incorporating complex song structures and elaborate instrumentation. Their concerts became theatrical experiences with innovative stage design, pyrotechnics, elaborate costumes and on-stage stories. This second phase was characterised by lengthy performances such as the 23 minute "Supper's Ready" and the 1974 concept album, The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway. In the 1980s, the band produced their first number one album in the United Kingdom, Duke, and their only number one single in the United States, "Invisible Touch".Genesis has changed personnel several times. Founding member Anthony Phillips left the band in 1970. In 1975, Collins, then the band's drummer, replaced Peter Gabriel as lead singer. Bill Bruford, and later Chester Thompson, played drums for the band as they toured, with Collins joining in briefly during lengthy instrumental passages. In 1977, guitarist Steve Hackett left the band. After Phil Collins left the band in 1996, Genesis recruited Ray Wilson (formerly of Stiltskin). Wilson appeared on the 1997 album Calling All Stations, after which the band announced an indefinite hiatus. However, in 2007, Banks, Collins and Rutherford reunited for a 20-city tour of Europe and North America, which included a free concert at Rome's Circo Massimo in front of 500,000 fans. Genesis was among five bands inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010.
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Republican Milne considers run for governor
Terri Hallenbeck
Free Press Staff Writer
MONTPELIER – Scott Milne, president of Milne Travel, said Monday he is considering running for governor this year as a Republican.
Milne, of Pomfret, said by email that he was traveling in Africa this week and would make no decision on running for a month. The deadline to file for office is June 12.
Milne joins Rep. Heidi Scheuermann of Stowe and former Sen. Randy Brock of Swanton as Republicans who are considering challenging two-term incumbent Democrat Peter Shumlin. Both have said they would make announcements soon.
Former Wall Street banker Bruce Lisman of Shelburne has said he has no plans to run but continues to hear from people urging him to, though it's unclear whether that might be as an independent or Republican. Emily Peyton of Putney, who has run before as an independent, has said she will run in the Republican primary, but party officials have said they will not support her.
Republican Party Chairman David Sunderland said he has talked to Milne, but "nothing in great detail." Milne is well-known among Republicans, Sunderland said. "I think Scott would make a great candidate. He could bring fresh ideas and new energy," Sunderland said.
Milne has a bachelor's degree in political science and politics in his bloodline. His mother, Marion Milne, was a Republican state legislator representing the town of Washington from 1994-2000. She lost her bid for re-election in a Republican primary after voting for civil unions for same-sex couples. She started Milne Travel in 1975.
Scott Milne's father, Don Milne, also served one term in the Legislature, and has been clerk of the House since 1993.


What a Penguin Random House divisional president said to me about titles
by Neil | Dec 14, 2016 | Book Publishing, Content Strategy, Writing Tips | 4 comments
Back in my Penguin days, my former boss made all of us a deal. If someone came up with an amazing title for a book we were meant to publish, he would give them five dollars.
Yes, five whole dollars.
But here’s the funny thing. It was the most coveted prize any of us could ever dream of getting – as valued as a 401(k) matching program and even more valued than a dental plan.
And yet, despite how much each of us wanted to get that five dollars, there was an almost infinitesimally small chance of us winning that money.
Why? Why was my boss so hard to please?
And why are so many titles so awful?
Because a great title is a really, really, really, really, really really hard thing to create.
My former boss was the president and publisher of the division for which I used to work, and at one point he gave me the job to be the primary editor of a fitness book authored by a celebrity trainer. But the problem was that the fitness book as it had originally been conceived by the author’s co-writer didn’t have a good title. It included an invented word for transforming one’s life and otherwise was fairly generic.
“A good title for a fitness book,” my boss said one day, “needs to have a promise.”
In other words, if the title didn’t convey a specific thing that the reader would get out of the experience of consuming the book’s information, they were far less likely to be attracted to it. It needed to promise them something they already cared about.
This made sense, for the most successful fitness books likewise conveyed a promise. Bill Phillips’ Body for Life conveyed the promise of having a great body for, you know, life. Bigger, Leaner, Stronger by Michael Matthews promises three qualities that fitness enthusiasts want to be. And though The New Rules of Lifting for Women by Lou Schuler might not be too heavy on promises, its subtitle, “Lift Like a Man, Look Like a Goddess” certainly does.
The thing is, great titles aren’t just reserved for fitness books, and a great title isn’t even limited to making promises. There’s something at work of greater significance here, something that pervades not only all fitness book titles, and not even all non-fiction book titles, but all titles everywhere.
There are many different categories of books, both within the world of non-fiction (fitness, diet, personal growth, politics, entertainment, biography, etc.) and within the world of fiction (literary, women’s, historical, science fiction, fantasy, etc.). And yet every great title in all of these different categories has something in common.
They’ve all gained a person’s attention.
In the film Shakespeare in Love, when someone said a title that someone else liked, the other person said, “good title.” Those moments were screenwriter Tom Stoppard’s equivalent of my boss giving someone on the editorial staff five dollars. These reactions are the result of someone paying attention, for a compelling title commands such attention instantaneously. But what is it that makes this happen?
What the title with a promise does is convey a possibility in the reader’s mind. They don’t have a great body, but if they buy a book they could then have a body for life. This disparity between the reader’s current reality and a future, possible reality is defined by a sense of yearning. They want their life to be one way but that reality hasn’t yet taken place.
In other words, they experience tension.
In other other words, tension begets a-ttention.
The reason why we can house all types of non-fiction titles with all types of fiction titles is that, no matter the category of content, your job as author is to create tension in the browser’s mind so that they then have to resolve that tension as quickly as possible. This tension can show up in many ways, and does through the best titles out there:
• A promise: The tension between the reader’s current reality and one for which they yearn (Body for Life, The 4-Hour Work Week, You Can Heal Your Life)
• Curiosity: Uncertainty about the significance of a title’s contents creates a gap that must be filled (Who Moved My Cheese?, The Da Vinci Code, The Hunger Games)
• Scarcity: The lack of explanation in a (typically concise) title creates a drive for more (Jaws, Lolita, 1984)
• Shock: The unabashed severity of a title forces the browser out of complacency (Skinny Bitch, You Suck, Go the F**k to Sleep)
And there are, of course, many more examples of how a title can create tension. But the ultimate point here is that if a title doesn’t convey a promise, or arouse curiosity, or somehow disrupt the book browser’s experience in some way, it’s unlikely to be an asset to you in how you position your book – or anything else that requires a title, for that matter.
Tension begets attention. And the sooner you embrace this idea, the sooner you will create a title that will force someone to say, “good title.”
And maybe you’ll even get five dollars to boot.
If you’re feeling confident in your title and are deciding whether to pursue a traditional publishing deal or to self-publish, check out my cheat sheet here.