A conflict between language and atomistic information Fred Dretske and Jerry Fodor are responsible for popularizing three well-known theses in contemporary philosophy of mind : the thesis of Information-Based Semantics -LRB- IBS -RRB- , the thesis of Content Atomism -LRB- Atomism -RRB- and the thesis of the Language of Thought -LRB- LOT -RRB- . LOT concerns the semantically relevant structure of representations involved in cognitive states such as beliefs and desires . It maintains that all such representations must have syntactic structures mirroring the structure of their contents . IBS is a thesis about the nature of the relations that connect cognitive representations and their parts to their contents -LRB- semantic relations -RRB- . It holds that these relations supervene solely on relations of the kind that support information content , perhaps with some help from logical principles of combination . Atomism is a thesis about the nature of the content of simple symbols . It holds that each substantive simple symbol possesses its content independently of all other symbols in the representational system . I argue that Dretske 's and Fodor 's theories are false and that their falsehood results from a conflict IBS and Atomism , on the one hand , and LOT , on the other

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I O B O O B O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O

philosophy of mind
content atomism
ibs
language of thought
lot
cognitive states
beliefs
desires


Selective representing and world-making We discuss the thesis of selective representing-the idea that the contents of the mental representations had by organisms are highly constrained by the biological niches within which the organisms evolved . While such a thesis has been defended by several authors elsewhere , our primary concern here is to take up the issue of the compatibility of selective representing and realism . We hope to show three things . First , that the notion of selective representing is fully consistent with the realist idea of a mind-independent world . Second , that not only are these two consistent , but that the latter -LRB- the realist conception of a mind-independent world -RRB- provides the most powerful perspective from which to motivate and understand the differing perceptual and cognitive profiles themselves . Third , that the -LRB- genuine and important -RRB- sense in which organism and environment may together constitute an integrated system of scientific interest poses no additional threat to the realist conception

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

selective representing
mental representations
organisms
realism
cognitive profiles


Does classicism explain universality ? Arguments against a pure classical component of mind One of the hallmarks of human cognition is the capacity to generalize over arbitrary constituents . Marcus -LRB- Cognition 66 , p. 153 ; Cognitive Psychology 37 , p. 243 , 1998 -RRB- argued that this capacity , called `` universal generalization '' -LRB- universality -RRB- , is not supported by connectionist models . Instead , universality is best explained by classical symbol systems , with connectionism as its implementation . Here it is argued that universality is also a problem for classicism in that the syntax-sensitive rules that are supposed to provide causal explanations of mental processes are either too strict , precluding possible generalizations ; or too lax , providing no information as to the appropriate alternative . Consequently , universality is not explained by a classical theory

O B O B O O O O O B I I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O B I O O O B O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O

classicism
universality
classical component of mind
human cognition
universal generalization
connectionist models
classical symbol systems
causal explanations
mental processes


Separate accounts go mainstream -LSB- investment -RSB- New entrants are shaking up the separate-account industry by supplying Web-based platforms that give advisers the tools to pick independent money managers

O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I

separate-account industry
web-based platforms
financial advisors


Evolving receptive-field controllers for mobile robots The use of evolutionary methods to generate controllers for real-world autonomous agents has attracted attention . Most of the pertinent research has employed genetic algorithms or variations thereof . Research has applied an alternative evolutionary method , evolution strategies , to the generation of simple Braitenberg vehicles . This application accelerates the development of such controllers by more than an order of magnitude -LRB- a few hours compared to more than two days -RRB- . Motivated by this useful speedup , the paper investigates the evolution of more complex architectures , receptive-field controllers , that can employ nonlinear interactions and , therefore , can yield more complex behavior . It is interesting to note that the evolution strategy yields the same efficacy in terms of function evaluations , even though the second class of controllers requires up to 10 times more parameters than the simple Braitenberg architecture . In addition to the speedup , there is an important theoretical reason for preferring an evolution strategy over a genetic algorithm for this problem , namely the presence of epistasis

O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

mobile robots
evolutionary methods
evolution strategies
simple braitenberg vehicles
nonlinear interactions
complex behavior

receptive-field controllers
real-world autonomous agents
radial basis functions
scalability


A scalable model of cerebellar adaptive timing and sequencing : the recurrent slide and latch -LRB- RSL -RRB- model From the dawn of modern neural network theory , the mammalian cerebellum has been a favored object of mathematical modeling studies . Early studies focused on the fanout , convergence , thresholding , and learned weighting of perceptual-motor signals within the cerebellar cortex . This led to the still viable idea that the granule cell stage in the cerebellar cortex performs a sparse expansive recoding of the time-varying input vector . This recoding reveals and emphasizes combinations in a distributed representation that serves as a basis for the learned , state-dependent control actions engendered by cerebellar outputs to movement related centers . To make optimal use of available signals , the cerebellum must be able to sift the evolving state representation for the most reliable predictors of the need for control actions , and to use those predictors even if they appear only transiently and well in advance of the optimal time for initiating the control action . The paper proposes a modification to prior , population , models for cerebellar adaptive timing and sequencing . Since it replaces a population with a single element , the proposed RSL model is in one sense maximally efficient , and therefore optimal from the perspective of scalability

O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

scalable model
cerebellar adaptive timing
neural network theory
mammalian cerebellum
granule cell stage
sparse expansive recoding
distributed representation

cerebellar sequencing
recurrent slide and latch model
time-varying input vector
recurrent network


A suggestion of fractional-order controller for flexible spacecraft attitude control A controller design method for flexible spacecraft attitude control is proposed . The system is first described by a partial differential equation with internal damping . Then the frequency response is analyzed , and the three basic characteristics of the flexible system , namely , average function , lower bound and upper bound are defined . On this basis , a fractional-order controller is proposed , which functions as phase stabilization control for lower frequency and smoothly enters to amplitude stabilization at higher frequency by proper amplitude attenuation . It is shown that the equivalent damping ratio increases in proportion to the square of frequency

O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O

flexible spacecraft attitude control
partial differential equation
internal damping
frequency response
phase stabilization control
amplitude stabilization
damping ratio


Extracting straight road structure in urban environments using IKONOS satellite imagery We discuss a fully automatic technique for extracting roads in urban environments . The method has its bases in a vegetation mask derived from multispectral IKONOS data and in texture derived from panchromatic IKONOS data . These two techniques together are used to distinguish road pixels . We then move from individual pixels to an object-based representation that allows reasoning on a higher level . Recognition of individual segments and intersections and the relationships among them are used to determine underlying road structure and to then logically hypothesize the existence of additional road network components . We show results on an image of San Diego , California . The object-based processing component may be adapted to utilize other basis techniques as well , and could be used to build a road network in any scene having a straight-line structured topology

O B I I O B I O B I I O O O B I I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

straight road structure
urban environments
ikonos satellite imagery
fully automatic technique
vegetation mask
texture
panchromatic ikonos data
road pixels
road network components
san diego

object-based representation
higher level reasoning
individual segment recognition
object-based processing component
straight-line structured topology
high-resolution imagery
large-scale feature extraction
vectorized road network


Nonlinear control of a shape memory alloy actuated manipulator This paper presents a nonlinear , robust control algorithm for accurate positioning of a single degree of freedom rotary manipulator actuated by Shape Memory Alloy -LRB- SMA -RRB- . A model for an SMA actuated manipulator is presented . The model includes nonlinear dynamics of the manipulator , a constitutive model of Shape Memory Alloy , and electrical and heat transfer behavior of SMA wire . This model is used for open and closed loop motion simulations of the manipulator . Experiments are presented that show results similar to both closed and open loop simulation results . Due to modeling uncertainty and nonlinear behavior of the system , classic control methods such as Proportional-Integral-Derivative control are not able to present fast and accurate performance . Hence a nonlinear , robust control algorithm is presented based on Variable Structure Control . This algorithm is a control gain switching technique based on the weighted average of position and velocity feedbacks . This method has been designed through simulation and tested experimentally . Results show fast , accurate , and robust performance of the control system . Computer simulation and experimental results for different stabilization and tracking situations are also presented

B I O O B I I O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O

shape memory alloy
manipulator
open loop
closed loop
variable structure control
control gain switching
nonlinear control
stabilization
tracking
positioning
nonlinear dynamics


Lob 's theorem as a limitation on mechanism We argue that Lob 's Theorem implies a limitation on mechanism . Specifically , we argue , via an application of a generalized version of Lob 's Theorem , that any particular device known by an observer to be mechanical can not be used as an epistemic authority -LRB- of a particular type -RRB- by that observer : either the belief-set of such an authority is not mechanizable or , if it is , there is no identifiable formal system of which the observer can know -LRB- or truly believe -RRB- it to be the theorem-set . This gives , we believe , an important and hitherto unnoticed connection between mechanism and the use of authorities by human-like epistemic agents

O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

limitation on mechanism
epistemic authority
formal system

lob theorem
belief-set
theorem-set
human-like epistemic agents


Fabrication of polymeric microlens of hemispherical shape using micromolding Polymeric microlenses play an important role in reducing the size , weight , and cost of optical data storage and optical communication systems . We fabricate polymeric microlenses using the microcompression molding process . The design and fabrication procedures for mold insertion is simplified using silicon instead of metal . PMMA powder is used as the molding material . Governed by process parameters such as temperature and pressure histories , the micromolding process is controlled to minimize various defects that develop during the molding process . The radius of curvature and magnification ratio of fabricated microlens are measured as 150 mu m and over 3.0 , respectively

O O O O O O O O B B I O O O O O O O B O B O O B O B I I O B I I O O O B I O O B I I O O O O B I O B I O O O B O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O B I O O B O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

micromolding
size
weight
cost
optical data storage
optical communication systems
polymeric microlenses
microcompression molding process
fabrication procedures
mold insertion
silicon
pmma powder
molding material
process parameters
temperature
pressure
magnification ratio

polymeric microlens fabrication
hemispherical shape microlens
design procedures
micromolding process
300 micron


Rational systems exhibit moderate risk aversion with respect to `` gambles '' on variable-resolution compression In an embedded wavelet scheme for progressive transmission , a tree structure naturally defines the spatial relationship on the hierarchical pyramid . Transform coefficients over each tree correspond to a unique local spatial region of the original image , and they can be coded bit-plane by bit-plane through successive-approximation quantization . After receiving the approximate value of some coefficients , the decoder can obtain a reconstructed image . We show a rational system for progressive transmission that , in absence of a priori knowledge about regions of interest , chooses at any truncation time among alternative trees for further transmission in such a way as to avoid certain forms of behavioral inconsistency . We prove that some rational transmission systems might exhibit aversion to risk involving `` gambles '' on tree-dependent quality of encoding while others favor taking such risks . Based on an acceptable predictor for visual distinctness from digital imagery , we demonstrate that , without any outside knowledge , risk-prone systems as well as those with strong risk aversion appear in capable of attaining the quality of reconstructions that can be achieved with moderate risk-averse behavior

O O O B I I O O O O B O O O O O O B I I O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

progressive transmission
rational system
moderate risk aversion
embedded wavelet scheme
tree structure
transform coefficients
local spatial region
reconstructed image
truncation time
gambles
acceptable predictor
visual distinctness
digital imagery

hierarchical pyramid spatial relationship

progressive transmission utility functions


CRONE control : principles and extension to time-variant plants with asymptotically constant coefficients The principles of CRONE control , a frequency-domain robust control design methodology based on fractional differentiation , are presented . Continuous time-variant plants with asymptotically constant coefficients are analysed in the frequency domain , through their representation using time-variant frequency responses . A stability theorem for feedback systems including time-variant plants with asymptotically constant coefficients is proposed . Finally , CRONE control is extended to robust control of these plants

B I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O

crone control
asymptotically constant coefficients
fractional differentiation
stability theorem
feedback systems
robust control

time-variant plants
frequency-domain robust control design
time-variant frequency responses
automatic control


Satellite image collection optimization Imaging satellite systems represent a high capital cost . Optimizing the collection of images is critical for both satisfying customer orders and building a sustainable satellite operations business . We describe the functions of an operational , multivariable , time dynamic optimization system that maximizes the daily collection of satellite images . A graphical user interface allows the operator to quickly see the results of what if adjustments to an image collection plan . Used for both long range planning and daily collection scheduling of Space Imaging 's IKONOS satellite , the satellite control and tasking -LRB- SCT -RRB- software allows collection commands to be altered up to 10 min before upload to the satellite

B I I I B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O

satellite image collection optimization
imaging satellite systems
graphical user interface
image collection plan
long range planning
daily collection scheduling
collection commands

multivariable time dynamic optimization system


A self-organizing context-based approach to the tracking of multiple robot trajectories We have combined competitive and Hebbian learning in a neural network designed to learn and recall complex spatiotemporal sequences . In such sequences , a particular item may occur more than once or the sequence may share states with another sequence . Processing of repeated/shared states is a hard problem that occurs very often in the domain of robotics . The proposed model consists of two groups of synaptic weights : competitive interlayer and Hebbian intralayer connections , which are responsible for encoding respectively the spatial and temporal features of the input sequence . Three additional mechanisms allow the network to deal with shared states : context units , neurons disabled from learning , and redundancy used to encode sequence states . The network operates by determining the current and the next state of the learned sequences . The model is simulated over various sets of robot trajectories in order to evaluate its storage and retrieval abilities ; its sequence sampling effects ; its robustness to noise and its tolerance to fault

O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O

hebbian learning
complex spatiotemporal sequences
synaptic weights
hebbian intralayer connections
shared states
context units
sequence states
robot trajectories
retrieval abilities
sequence sampling effects

self-organizing context-based approach
trajectories tracking
competitive learning
competitive interlayer connections
unsupervised learning
storage abilities
fault tolerance


Supersampling multiframe blind deconvolution resolution enhancement of adaptive optics compensated imagery of low earth orbit satellites We describe a postprocessing methodology for reconstructing undersampled image sequences with randomly varying blur that can provide image enhancement beyond the sampling resolution of the sensor . This method is demonstrated on simulated imagery and on adaptive-optics - -LRB- AO -RRB- - compensated imagery taken by the Starfire Optical Range 3.5-m telescope that has been artificially undersampled . Also shown are the results of multiframe blind deconvolution of some of the highest quality optical imagery of low earth orbit satellites collected with a ground-based telescope to date . The algorithm used is a generalization of multiframe blind deconvolution techniques that include a representation of spatial sampling by the focal plane array elements based on a forward stochastic model . This generalization enables the random shifts and shape of the AO-compensated point spread function -LRB- PSF -RRB- to be used to partially eliminate the aliasing effects associated with sub-Nyquist sampling of the image by the focal plane array . The method could be used to reduce resolution loss that occurs when imaging in wide-field-of-view -LRB- FOV -RRB- modes

B I I I I I O B I I I O B I I I O O O B I O O O O O O B I I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B I O O B I I I O O O B I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O

supersampling multiframe blind deconvolution resolution enhancement

undersampled image sequence reconstruction


Optical two-step modified signed-digit addition based on binary logic gates A new modified signed-digit -LRB- MSD -RRB- addition algorithm based on binary logic gates is proposed for parallel computing . It is shown that by encoding each of the input MSD digits and flag digits into a pair of binary bits , the number of addition steps can be reduced to two . The flag digit is introduced to characterize the next low order pair -LRB- NLOP -RRB- of the input digits in order to suppress carry propagation . The rules for two-step addition of binary coded MSD -LRB- BCMSD -RRB- numbers are formulated that can be implemented using optical shadow-casting logic system

O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

binary logic gates
parallel computing
input msd digits
flag digits
binary bits
addition steps
low order pair
binary coded msd

optical two-step modified signed-digit addition

modified signed-digit addition algorithm


Simple nonlinear dual-window operator for edge detection We propose a nonlinear edge detection technique based on a two-concentric-circular-window operator . We perform a preliminary selection of edge candidates using a standard gradient and use the dual-window operator to reveal edges as zero-crossing points of a simple difference function depending only on the minimum and maximum values in the two windows . Comparisons with other well-established techniques are reported in terms of visual appearance and computational efficiency . They show that detected edges are surely comparable with Canny 's and Laplacian of Gaussian algorithms , with a noteworthy reduction in terms of computational load

O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I

edge detection
standard gradient
difference function
maximum values
computational efficiency
detected edges
gaussian algorithms
computational load

nonlinear dual-window operator
nonlinear edge detection technique
two-concentric-circular-window operator
dual window operator
zero-crossing points
minimum values
laplacian algorithms
canny's algorithms
nonlinear processing


Effect of insulation layer on transcribability and birefringence distribution in optical disk substrate As the need for information storage media with high storage density increases , digital video disks -LRB- DVDs -RRB- with smaller recording marks and thinner optical disk substrates than those of conventional DVDs are being required . Therefore , improving the replication quality of land-groove or pit structure and reducing the birefringence distribution are emerging as important criteria in the fabrication of high-density optical disk substrates . We control the transcribability and distribution of birefringence by inserting an insulation layer under the stamper during injection-compression molding of DVD RAM substrates . The effects of the insulation layer on the geometrical and optical properties , such as transcribability and birefringence distribution , are examined experimentally . The inserted insulation layer is found to be very effective in improving the quality of replication and leveling out the first peak of the gapwise birefringence distribution near the mold wall and reducing the average birefringence value , because the insulation layer retarded the growth of the solidified layer

O O B I O B O B I O B I I O O O O B I I O B I I O O B I I O O O O B I I O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O B O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O

optical disk substrate
transcribability
birefringence distribution
insulation layer
information storage media
high storage density
digital video disks
smaller recording marks
thinner optical disk substrates
replication quality
pit structure
fabrication
stamper
dvd ram substrates
optical properties
mold wall

land-groove
injection-compression molding
geometrical properties
gapwise birefringence distribution
solidified layer growth retardation
polyimide thermal insulation layer


Parallel and distributed Haskells Parallel and distributed languages specify computations on multiple processors and have a computation language to describe the algorithm , i.e. what to compute , and a coordination language to describe how to organise the computations across the processors . Haskell has been used as the computation language for a wide variety of parallel and distributed languages , and this paper is a comprehensive survey of implemented languages . It outlines parallel and distributed language concepts and classifies Haskell extensions using them . Similar example programs are used to illustrate and contrast the coordination languages , and the comparison is facilitated by the common computation language . A lazy language is not an obvious choice for parallel or distributed computation , and we address the question of why Haskell is a common functional computation language

O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I

distributed languages
multiple processors
coordination language
lazy language
functional computation language

distributed haskell
parallel haskell
parallel languages
functional programming


A stochastic averaging approach for feedback control design of nonlinear systems under random excitations This paper presents a method for designing and quantifying the performance of feedback stochastic controls for nonlinear systems . The design makes use of the method of stochastic averaging to reduce the dimension of the state space and to derive the Ito stochastic differential equation for the response amplitude process . The moment equation of the amplitude process closed by the Rayleigh approximation is used as a means to characterize the transient performance of the feedback control . The steady state and transient response of the amplitude process are used as the design criteria for choosing the feedback control gains . Numerical examples are studied to demonstrate the performance of the control

O B I O O B I O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O

stochastic averaging
feedback control
nonlinear systems
steady state
transient response
random excitations
feedback stochastic controls
ito stochastic differential equation
rayleigh approximation


Design of an adaptive vibration absorber to reduce electrical transformer structural vibration This paper considers the design of a vibration absorber to reduce structural vibration at multiple frequencies , with an enlarged bandwidth control at these target frequencies . While the basic absorber is a passive device a control system has been added to facilitate tuning , effectively giving the combination of a passive and active device , which leads to far greater stability and robustness . Experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of the absorber are also described

O O O B I I O O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

adaptive vibration absorber
electrical transformer
structural vibration
bandwidth control


Harmless delays in Cohen-Grossberg neural networks Without assuming monotonicity and differentiability of the activation functions and any symmetry of interconnections , we establish some sufficient conditions for the globally asymptotic stability of a unique equilibrium for the Cohen-Grossberg -LRB- 1983 -RRB- neural network with multiple delays . Lyapunov functionals and functions combined with the Razumikhin technique are employed . The criteria are all independent of the magnitudes of the delays , and thus the delays under these conditions are harmless

B I O O O O O O B O B O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

harmless delays
monotonicity
differentiability
activation functions
interconnections
globally asymptotic stability
multiple delays
lyapunov functionals
razumikhin technique


Dynamics and control of initialized fractional-order systems Due to the importance of historical effects in fractional-order systems , this paper presents a general fractional-order system and control theory that includes the time-varying initialization response . Previous studies have not properly accounted for these historical effects . The initialization response , along with the forced response , for fractional-order systems is determined . The scalar fractional-order impulse response is determined , and is a generalization of the exponential function . Stability properties of fractional-order systems are presented in the complex w-plane , which is a transformation of the s-plane . Time responses are discussed with respect to pole positions in the complex w-plane and frequency response behavior is included . A fractional-order vector space representation , which is a generalization of the state space concept , is presented including the initialization response . Control methods for vector representations of initialized fractional-order systems are shown . Finally , the fractional-order differintegral is generalized to continuous order-distributions which have the possibility of including all fractional orders in a transfer function

B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I

dynamics
control
initialization response
forced response
impulse response
exponential function
vector space representation
state space concept
transfer function

initialized fractional-order systems
fractional-order differintegral


Noise-constrained hyperspectral data compression Storage and transmission requirements for hyperspectral data sets are significant . To reduce hardware costs , well-designed compression techniques are needed to preserve information content while maximizing compression ratios . Lossless compression techniques maintain data integrity , but yield small compression ratios . We present a slightly lossy compression algorithm that uses the noise statistics of the data to preserve information content while maximizing compression ratios . The adaptive principal components analysis -LRB- APCA -RRB- algorithm uses noise statistics to determine the number of significant principal components and selects only those that are required to represent each pixel to within the noise level . We demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods with airborne visible/infrared spectrometer -LRB- AVIRIS -RRB- , hyperspectral digital imagery collection experiment -LRB- HYDICE -RRB- , hyperspectral mapper -LRB- HYMAP -RRB- , and Hyperion datasets

O O O O O O B I O B I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O B I I O B I O O O O B I O O O O B I I I O O O B I O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O B I

transmission requirements
hyperspectral data sets
hardware costs
information content
compression ratios
lossless compression techniques
data integrity
slightly lossy compression algorithm
noise statistics
noise level
hyperspectral mapper
hymap
hyperion datasets

noise-constrained hyperspectral data compression

adaptive principal components analysis algorithm

airborne visible/infrared spectrometer hyperspectral digital imagery collection experiment


Vibration control of the rotating flexible-shaft/multi-flexible-disk system with the eddy-current damper In this paper , the rotating flexible-Timoshenko-shaft/flexible-disk coupling system is formulated by applying the assumed-mode method into the kinetic and strain energies , and the virtual work done by the eddy-current damper . From Lagrange 's equations , the resulting discretized equations of motion can be simplified as a bilinear system -LRB- BLS -RRB- . Introducing the control laws , including the quadratic , nonlinear and optimal feedback control laws , into the BLS , it is found that the eddy-current damper can be used to suppress flexible and shear vibrations simultaneously , and the system is globally asymptotically stable . Numerical results are provided to validate the theoretical analysis

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

virtual work
discretized equations of motion
bilinear system
optimal feedback control laws
shear vibrations

rotating flexible-timoshenko-shaft/flexible-disk coupling system


Chaotic phenomena and fractional-order dynamics in the trajectory control of redundant manipulators Redundant manipulators have some advantages when compared with classical arms because they allow the trajectory optimization , both on the free space and on the presence of obstacles , and the resolution of singularities . For this type of arms the proposed kinematic control algorithms adopt generalized inverse matrices but , in general , the corresponding trajectory planning schemes show important limitations . Motivated by these problems this paper studies the chaos revealed by the pseudoinverse-based trajectory planning algorithms , using the theory of fractional calculus

B I O O O O O B I O B I B I O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I

chaotic phenomena
trajectory control
redundant manipulators
classical arms
trajectory optimization
kinematic control algorithms
generalized inverse matrices
trajectory planning schemes
fractional calculus


Games machines play Individual rationality , or doing what is best for oneself , is a standard model used to explain and predict human behavior , and von Neumann-Morgenstern game theory is the classical mathematical formalization of this theory in multiple-agent settings . Individual rationality , however , is an inadequate model for the synthesis of artificial social systems where cooperation is essential , since it does not permit the accommodation of group interests other than as aggregations of individual interests . Satisficing game theory is based upon a well-defined notion of being good enough , and does accommodate group as well as individual interests through the use of conditional preference relationships , whereby a decision maker is able to adjust its preferences as a function of the preferences , and not just the options , of others . This new theory is offered as an alternative paradigm to construct artificial societies that are capable of complex behavior that goes beyond exclusive self interest

O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I

individual rationality
human behavior
game theory
artificial social systems
cooperation
conditional preference relationships
artificial societies
self interest

multiple-agent
decision theory
group rationality


Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger paradoxes for many qubits We construct Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger -LRB- GHZ -RRB- contradictions for three or more parties sharing an entangled state , the dimension of each subsystem being an even integer d . The simplest example that goes beyond the standard GHZ paradox -LRB- three qubits -RRB- involves five ququats -LRB- d = 4 -RRB- . We then examine the criteria that a GHZ paradox must satisfy in order to be genuinely M partite and d dimensional

O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O

greenberger-horne-zeilinger paradoxes
ghz contradictions


Scalable techniques from nonparametric statistics for real time robot learning Locally weighted learning -LRB- LWL -RRB- is a class of techniques from nonparametric statistics that provides useful representations and training algorithms for learning about complex phenomena during autonomous adaptive control of robotic systems . The paper introduces several LWL algorithms that have been tested successfully in real-time learning of complex robot tasks . We discuss two major classes of LWL , memory-based LWL and purely incremental LWL that does not need to remember any data explicitly . In contrast to the traditional belief that LWL methods can not work well in high-dimensional spaces , we provide new algorithms that have been tested on up to 90 dimensional learning problems . The applicability of our LWL algorithms is demonstrated in various robot learning examples , including the learning of devil-sticking , pole-balancing by a humanoid robot arm , and inverse-dynamics learning for a seven and a 30 degree-of-freedom robot . In all these examples , the application of our statistical neural networks techniques allowed either faster or more accurate acquisition of motor control than classical control engineering

B I O B I O B I I I B I I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

scalable techniques
nonparametric statistics
real time robot learning
locally weighted learning
training algorithms
complex phenomena
autonomous adaptive control
humanoid robot arm
statistical neural networks techniques

memory-based learning
purely incremental learning
devil-sticking
pole-balancing
inverse-dynamics learning
nonparametric regression


A scalable intelligent takeoff controller for a simulated running jointed leg Running with jointed legs poses a difficult control problem in robotics . Neural controllers are attractive because they allow the robot to adapt to changing environmental conditions . However , scalability is an issue with many neural controllers . The paper describes the development of a scalable neurofuzzy controller for the takeoff phase of the running stride . Scalability is achieved by selecting a controller whose size does not grow with the dimensionality of the problem . Empirical results show that with proper design the takeoff controller scales from a leg with a single movable link to one with three movable links without a corresponding growth in size and without a loss of accuracy

O B I I I O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

scalable intelligent takeoff controller
simulated running jointed leg
neural controllers
changing environmental conditions
scalability
scalable neurofuzzy controller
takeoff phase
running stride


Analogue realizations of fractional-order controllers An approach to the design of analogue circuits , implementing fractional-order controllers , is presented . The suggested approach is based on the use of continued fraction expansions ; in the case of negative coefficients in a continued fraction expansion , the use of negative impedance converters is proposed . Several possible methods for obtaining suitable rational approximations and continued fraction expansions are discussed . An example of realization of a fractional-order I/sup lambda / controller is presented and illustrated by obtained measurements . The suggested approach can be used for the control of very fast processes , where the use of digital controllers is difficult or impossible

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O

analogue realizations
continued fraction expansions
negative coefficients
fraction expansion
negative impedance converters
rational approximations
fast processes
digital controllers

fractional-order controllers
fractional differentiation
fractional integration


Using fractional order adjustment rules and fractional order reference models in model-reference adaptive control This paper investigates the use of Fractional Order Calculus -LRB- FOC -RRB- in conventional Model Reference Adaptive Control -LRB- MRAC -RRB- systems . Two modifications to the conventional MRAC are presented , i.e. , the use of fractional order parameter adjustment rule and the employment of fractional order reference model . Through examples , benefits from the use of FOC are illustrated together with some remarks for further research

O B I I I O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O

fractional order adjustment rules
fractional order reference models
mrac
foc

model-reference adaptive control
fractional calculus


Fractional motion control : application to an XY cutting table In path tracking design , the dynamic of actuators must be taken into account in order to reduce overshoots appearing for small displacements . A new approach to path tracking using fractional differentiation is proposed with its application on a XY cutting table . It permits the generation of optimal movement reference-input leading to a minimum path completion time , taking into account both maximum velocity , acceleration and torque and the bandwidth of the closed-loop system . Fractional differentiation is used here through a Davidson-Cole filter . A methodology aiming at improving the accuracy especially on checkpoints is presented . The reference-input obtained is compared with spline function . Both are applied to an XY cutting table model and actuator outputs compared

B I I O O O O B I I O B I I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O

fractional motion control
xy cutting table
path tracking design
actuators
fractional differentiation
minimum path completion time
spline function

closed-loop system
davidson-cole filter
optimization


Conditions for decentralized integral controllability The term decentralized integral controllability -LRB- DIC -RRB- pertains to the existence of stable decentralized controllers with integral action that have closed-loop properties such as stable independent detuning . It is especially useful to select control structures systematically at the early stage of control system design because the only information needed for DIC is the steady-state process gain matrix . Here , a necessary and sufficient condition conjectured in the literature is proved . The real structured singular value which can exploit realness of the controller gain is used to describe computable conditions for DIC . The primary usage of DIC is to eliminate unworkable pairings . For this , two other simple necessary conditions are proposed . Examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed conditions for DIC

O O B I I O O B I I O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

decentralized integral controllability
stable decentralized controllers
integral action
stable independent detuning
control system design
real structured singular value

necessary sufficient conditions
closed-loop properties
systematic control structure selection
steady-state process gain matrix
controller gain realness
unworkable pairing elimination
schur complement


Optical setup and analysis of disk-type photopolymer high-density holographic storage A relatively simple scheme for disk-type photopolymer high-density holographic storage based on angular and spatial multiplexing is described . The effects of the optical setup on the recording capacity and density are studied . Calculations and analysis show that this scheme is more effective than a scheme based on the spatioangular multiplexing for disk-type photopolymer high-density holographic storage , which has a limited medium thickness . Also an optimal beam recording angle exists to achieve maximum recording capacity and density

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I I I O O O O B I O O

optical setup
spatial multiplexing
recording capacity
limited medium thickness
optimal beam recording angle


Searching a scalable approach to cerebellar based control Decades of research into the structure and function of the cerebellum have led to a clear understanding of many of its cells , as well as how learning might take place . Furthermore , there are many theories on what signals the cerebellum operates on , and how it works in concert with other parts of the nervous system . Nevertheless , the application of computational cerebellar models to the control of robot dynamics remains in its infant state . To date , few applications have been realized . The currently emerging family of light-weight robots poses a new challenge to robot control : due to their complex dynamics traditional methods , depending on a full analysis of the dynamics of the system , are no longer applicable since the joints influence each other dynamics during movement . Can artificial cerebellar models compete here ?

O O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

scalable approach
cerebellar based control
nervous system
computational cerebellar models
robot control


Watermarking techniques for electronic delivery of remote sensing images Earth observation missions have recently attracted a growing interest , mainly due to the large number of possible applications capable of exploiting remotely sensed data and images . Along with the increase of market potential , the need arises for the protection of the image products . Such a need is a very crucial one , because the Internet and other public/private networks have become preferred means of data exchange . A critical issue arising when dealing with digital image distribution is copyright protection . Such a problem has been largely addressed by resorting to watermarking technology . A question that obviously arises is whether the requirements imposed by remote sensing imagery are compatible with existing watermarking techniques . On the basis of these motivations , the contribution of this work is twofold : assessment of the requirements imposed by remote sensing applications on watermark-based copyright protection , and modification of two well-established digital watermarking techniques to meet such constraints . More specifically , the concept of near-lossless watermarking is introduced and two possible algorithms matching such a requirement are presented . Experimental results are shown to measure the impact of watermark introduction on a typical remote sensing application , i.e. , unsupervised image classification

B I O B I O B I I B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I

remote sensing images
electronic delivery
watermarking techniques
earth observation missions
copyright protection
digital image distribution
unsupervised image classification

digital watermarking
near-lossless watermarking


H/sub 2 / optimization of the three-element type dynamic vibration absorbers The dynamic vibration absorber -LRB- DVA -RRB- is a passive vibration control device which is attached to a vibrating body -LRB- called a primary system -RRB- subjected to exciting force or motion . In this paper , we will discuss an optimization problem of the three-element type DVA on the basis of the H/sub 2 / optimization criterion . The objective of the H/sub 2 / optimization is to reduce the total vibration energy of the system for overall frequencies ; the total area under the power spectrum response curve is minimized in this criterion . If the system is subjected to random excitation instead of sinusoidal excitation , then the H/sub 2 / optimization is probably more desirable than the popular H/sub infinity / optimization . In the past decade there has been increasing interest in the three-element type DVA . However , most previous studies on this type of DVA were based on the H/sub infinity / optimization design , and no one has been able to find the algebraic solution as of yet . We found a closed-form exact solution for a special case where the primary system has no damping . Furthermore , the general case solution including the damped primary system is presented in the form of a numerical solution . The optimum parameters obtained here are compared to those of the conventional Voigt type DVA . They are also compared to other optimum parameters based on the H/sub infinity / criterion

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

passive vibration control
power spectrum response


Bad pixel identification by means of principal components analysis Bad pixels are defined as those pixels showing a temporal evolution of the signal different from the rest of the pixels of a given array . Principal component analysis helps us to understand the definition of a statistical distance associated with each pixels , and using this distance it is possible to identify those pixels labeled as bad pixels . The spatiality of a pixel is also calculated . An assumption about the normality of the distribution of the distances of the pixels is revised . Although the influence on the robustness of the identification algorithm is negligible , the definition of a parameter related with this nonnormality helps to identify those principal components and eigenimages responsible for the departure from a multinormal distribution . The method for identifying the bad pixels is successfully applied to a set of frames obtained from a CCD visible and a focal plane array -LRB- FPA -RRB- IR camera

B I I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I

bad pixel identification
principal components analysis
temporal evolution
statistical distance
robustness
identification algorithm
eigenimages
multinormal distribution
focal plane array
ir camera


Error-probability analysis of MIL-STD-1773 optical fiber data buses We have analyzed the error probabilities of MIL-STD-1773 optical fiber data buses with three modulation schemes , namely , original Manchester II bi-phase coding , PTMBC , and EMBC-BSF . Using these derived expressions of error probabilities , we can also compare the receiver sensitivities of such optical fiber data buses

O O O O B I I I O O O O B I O O B I I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O B I I I

error probabilities
optical fiber data buses
modulation schemes
receiver sensitivities


Novel approach to super-resolution pits readout We proposed a novel method to realize the readout of super-resolution pits by using a super-resolution reflective film to replace the reflective layer of the conventional ROM . At the same time , by using Sb as the super-resolution reflective layer and SiN as a dielectric layer , the super-resolution pits with diameters of 380 nm were read out by a setup whose laser wavelength is 632.8 nm and numerical aperture is 0.40 . In addition , the influence of the Sb thin film thickness on the readout signal was investigated , the results showed that the optimum Sb thin film thickness is 28 to 30 nm , and the maximum CNR is 38 to 40 dB

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I I O B I I I O O O B I O O O O O

numerical aperture
sb thin film thickness
readout signal
maximum cnr
380 nm
28 to 30 nm

super-resolution pits readout
super-resolution reflective film
sb super-resolution reflective layer
sin dielectric layer
632.8 nm
sb-sin


Robust self-tuning PID controller for nonlinear systems In this paper , we propose a robust self-tuning PID controller suitable for nonlinear systems . The control system employs a preload relay -LRB- P_Relay -RRB- in series with a PID controller . The P_Relay ensures a high gain to yield a robust performance . However , it also incurs a chattering phenomenon . In this paper , instead of viewing the chattering as an undesirable yet inevitable feature , we use it as a naturally occurring signal for tuning and re-tuning the PID controller as the operating regime digresses . No other explicit input signal is required . Once the PID controller is tuned for a particular operating point , the relay may be disabled and chattering ceases correspondingly . However , it is invoked when there is a change in setpoint to another operating regime . In this way , the approach is also applicable to time-varying systems as the PID tuning can be continuous , based on the latest set of chattering characteristics . Analysis is provided on the stability properties of the control scheme . Simulation results for the level control of fluid in a spherical tank using the scheme are also presented

O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O

nonlinear systems
preload relay
robust performance
chattering phenomenon
naturally occurring signal
operating regime
stability properties
simulation results
spherical tank

robust self-tuning pid controller
controller tuning
controller re-tuning
relay disabling
time-varying systems
continuous tuning
fluid level control


Robust output feedback model predictive control using off-line linear matrix inequalities A fundamental question about model predictive control -LRB- MPC -RRB- is its robustness to model uncertainty . In this paper , we present a robust constrained output feedback MPC algorithm that can stabilize plants with both polytopic uncertainty and norm-bound uncertainty . The design procedure involves off-line design of a robust constrained state feedback MPC law and a state estimator using linear matrix inequalities -LRB- LMIs -RRB- . Since we employ an off-line approach for the controller design which gives a sequence of explicit control laws , we are able to analyze the robust stabilizability of the combined control laws and estimator , and by adjusting the design parameters , guarantee robust stability of the closed-loop system in the presence of constraints . The algorithm is illustrated with two examples

B I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

robust output feedback model predictive control

robust constrained output feedback mpc algorithm

robust constrained state feedback mpc law

asymptotically stable invariant ellipsoid


Modelling of complete robot dynamics based on a multi-dimensional , RBF-like neural architecture A neural network based identification approach of manipulator dynamics is presented . For a structured modelling , RBF-like static neural networks are used in order to represent and adapt all model parameters with their non-linear dependences on the joint positions . The neural architecture is hierarchically organised to reach optimal adjustment to structural a priori-knowledge about the identification problem . The model structure is substantially simplified by general system analysis independent of robot type . But also a lot of specific features of the utilised experimental robot are taken into account . A fixed , grid based neuron placement together with application of B-spline polynomial basis functions is utilised favourably for a very effective recursive implementation of the neural architecture . Thus , an online identification of a dynamic model is submitted for a complete 6 joint industrial robot

O O B I I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O B I O O B I O O O O B I I I I

complete robot dynamics
manipulator dynamics
static neural networks
neural architecture
general system analysis
recursive implementation
online identification
dynamic model
complete 6 joint industrial robot

multi-dimensional rbf-like neural architecture


A typed representation for HTML and XML documents in Haskell We define a family of embedded domain specific languages for generating HTML and XML documents . Each language is implemented as a combinator library in Haskell . The generated HTML/XML documents are guaranteed to be well-formed . In addition , each library can guarantee that the generated documents are valid XML documents to a certain extent -LRB- for HTML only a weaker guarantee is possible -RRB- . On top of the libraries , Haskell serves as a meta language to define parameterized documents , to map structured documents to HTML/XML , to define conditional content , or to define entire Web sites . The combinator libraries support element-transforming style , a programming style that allows programs to have a visual appearance similar to HTML/XML documents , without modifying the syntax of Haskell

O B I O O O B I O B O O O O O B I I I O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B

typed representation
combinator library
meta language
parameterized documents
conditional content
web sites
syntax
xml documents
haskell
embedded domain specific languages

html documents
software libraries
element-transforming style
functional programming


Quadratic programming algorithms for large-scale model predictive control Quadratic programming -LRB- QP -RRB- methods are an important element in the application of model predictive control -LRB- MPC -RRB- . As larger and more challenging MPC applications are considered , more attention needs to be focused on the construction and tailoring of efficient QP algorithms . In this study , we tailor and apply a new QP method , called QPSchur , to large MPC applications , such as cross directional control problems in paper machines . Written in C++ , QPSchur is an object oriented implementation of a novel dual space , Schur complement algorithm . We compare this approach to three widely applied QP algorithms and show that QPSchur is significantly more efficient -LRB- up to two orders of magnitude -RRB- than the other algorithms . In addition , detailed simulations are considered that demonstrate the importance of the flexible , object oriented construction of QPSchur , along with additional features for constraint handling , warm starts and partial solution

B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I I I O B I O O O O O B O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I O B I O B I

quadratic programming algorithms
qpschur
cross directional control problems
paper machines
object oriented implementation
simulations
constraint handling
warm starts
partial solution

large-scale model predictive control
dual space schur complement algorithm
flexible object oriented construction


Use of SPOT images as a tool for coastal zone management and monitoring of environmental impacts in the coastal zone Modern techniques such as remote sensing have been one of the main factors leading toward the achievement of serious plans regarding coastal management . A multitemporal analysis of land use in certain areas of the Colombian Caribbean Coast is described . It mainly focuses on environmental impacts caused by anthropogenic activities , such as deforestation of mangroves due to shrimp farming . Selection of sensitive areas , percentage of destroyed mangroves , possible endangered areas , etc. , are some of the results of this analysis . Recommendations for a coastal management plan in the area have also resulted from this analysis . Some other consequences of the deforestation of mangroves in the coastal zone and the construction of shrimp ponds are also analyzed , such as the increase of erosion problems in these areas and water pollution , among others . The increase of erosion in these areas has also changed part of their morphology , which has been studied by the analysis of SPOT images in previous years . A serious concern exists about the future of these areas . For this reason new techniques like satellite images -LRB- SPOT -RRB- have been applied with good results , leading to more effective control and coastal management in the area . The use of SPOT images to study changes of the land use of the area is a useful technique to determine patterns of human activities and suggest solutions for severe problems in these areas

O O B I O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O

coastal zone management
spot images
remote sensing
multitemporal analysis
land use
colombian caribbean coast
anthropogenic activities
shrimp farming
endangered areas
erosion problems
water pollution
satellite images
human activities
shrimp ponds

environmental impact monitoring
mangrove deforestation
supervised classification
sedimentation
vectorization
vector overlay


The analysis and control of longitudinal vibrations from wave viewpoint The analysis and control of longitudinal vibrations in a rod from feedback wave viewpoint are synthesized . Both collocated and noncollocated feedback wave control strategies are explored . The control design is based on the local properties of wave transmission and reflection in the vicinity of the control force applied area , hence there is no complex closed form solution involved . The controller is designed to achieve various goals , such as absorbing the incoming vibration energy , creating a vibration free zone and eliminating standing waves in the structure . The findings appear to be very useful in practice due to the simplicity in the implementation of the controllers

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

noncollocated feedback wave control
control design
wave transmission
control force
complex closed form solution
standing waves
vibration energy
vibration free zone

longitudinal vibration control
feedback waves
collocated feedback wave control
wave reflection


The average-case identifiability and controllability of large scale systems Needs for increased product quality , reduced pollution , and reduced energy and material consumption are driving enhanced process integration . This increases the number of manipulated and measured variables required by the control system to achieve its objectives . This paper addresses the question of whether processes tend to become increasingly more difficult to identify and control as the process dimension increases . Tools and results of multivariable statistics are used to show that , under a variety of assumed distributions on the elements , square processes of higher dimension tend to be more difficult to identify and control , whereas the expected controllability and identifiability of nonsquare processes depends on the relative numbers of measured and manipulated variables . These results suggest that the procedure of simplifying the control problem so that only a square process is considered is a poor practice for large scale systems

O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I

large scale systems
enhanced process integration
multivariable statistics
nonsquare processes
measured variables
manipulated variables

average-case identifiability
average-case controllability
process control
high dimension square processes
process identification
monte carlo simulations
chemical engineering


Fractional differentiation in passive vibration control From a single-degree-of-freedom model used to illustrate the concept of vibration isolation , a method to transform the design for a suspension into a design for a robust controller is presented . Fractional differentiation is used to model the viscoelastic behaviour of the suspension . The use of fractional differentiation not only permits optimisation of just four suspension parameters , showing the ` compactness ' of the fractional derivative operator , but also leads to robustness of the suspension 's performance to uncertainty of the sprung mass . As an example , an engine suspension is studied

B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O B I O O B O O O O B I O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B O O

fractional differentiation
passive vibration control
vibration isolation
suspension
robust controller
viscoelastic behaviour
sprung mass


Comparison of automated digital elevation model extraction results using along-track ASTER and across-track SPOT stereo images A digital elevation model -LRB- DEM -RRB- can be extracted automatically from stereo satellite images . During the past decade , the most common satellite data used to extract DEM was the across-track SPOT . Recently , the addition of along-track ASTER data , which can be downloaded freely , provides another attractive alternative to extract DEM data . This work compares the automated DEM extraction results using an ASTER stereo pair and a SPOT stereo pair over an area of hilly mountains in Drum Mountain , Utah , when compared to a USGS 7.5-min DEM standard product . The result shows that SPOT produces better DEM results in terms of accuracy and details , if the radiometric variations between the images , taken on subsequent satellite revolutions , are small . Otherwise , the ASTER stereo pair is a better choice because of simultaneous along-track acquisition during a single pass . Compared to the USGS 7.5-min DEM , the ASTER and the SPOT extracted DEMs have a standard deviation of 11.6 and 4.6 m , respectively

O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

along-track aster data
across-track spot stereo images
spot stereo image pair
simultaneous along-track acquisition


Robust model-order reduction of complex biological processes This paper addresses robust model-order reduction of a high dimensional nonlinear partial differential equation -LRB- PDE -RRB- model of a complex biological process . Based on a nonlinear , distributed parameter model of the same process which was validated against experimental data of an existing , pilot-scale biological nutrient removal -LRB- BNR -RRB- activated sludge plant , we developed a state-space model with 154 state variables . A general algorithm for robustly reducing the nonlinear PDE model is presented and , based on an investigation of five state-of-the-art model-order reduction techniques , we are able to reduce the original model to a model with only 30 states without incurring pronounced modelling errors . The singular perturbation approximation balanced truncating technique is found to give the lowest modelling errors in low frequency ranges and hence is deemed most suitable for controller design and other real-time applications

O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I I I I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O

high dimensional nonlinear partial differential equation model

biological nutrient removal activated sludge processes


Quantum Zeno subspaces The quantum Zeno effect is recast in terms of an adiabatic theorem when the measurement is described as the dynamical coupling to another quantum system that plays the role of apparatus . A few significant examples are proposed and their practical relevance discussed . We also focus on decoherence-free subspaces

B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

quantum zeno subspaces
adiabatic theorem
dynamical coupling
measurement


Stability of W-methods with applications to operator splitting and to geometric theory We analyze the stability properties of W-methods applied to the parabolic initial value problem u ' + Au = Bu . We work in an abstract Banach space setting , assuming that A is the generator of an analytic semigroup and that B is relatively bounded with respect to A . Since W-methods treat the term with A implicitly , whereas the term involving B is discretized in an explicit way , they can be regarded as splitting methods . As an application of our stability results , convergence for nonsmooth initial data is shown . Moreover , the layout of a geometric theory for discretizations of semilinear parabolic problems u ' + Au = f -LRB- u -RRB- is presented

O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

operator splitting
geometric theory
parabolic initial value problem
abstract banach space
analytic semigroup
nonsmooth initial data

w-methods stability
linearly implicit runge-kutta methods


Inhibiting decoherence via ancilla processes General conditions are derived for preventing the decoherence of a single two-state quantum system -LRB- qubit -RRB- in a thermal bath . The employed auxiliary systems required for this purpose are merely assumed to be weak for the general condition while various examples such as extra qubits and extra classical fields are studied for applications in quantum information processing . The general condition is confirmed by well known approaches toward inhibiting decoherence . An approach to decoherence-free quantum memories and quantum operations is presented by placing the qubit into the center of a sphere with extra qubits on its surface

O B O B I O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O B I I O O O O O B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I O O O

ancilla processes
decoherence
qubit
thermal bath
auxiliary systems
extra qubits
extra classical fields
quantum information processing
general condition
quantum operations

decoherence inhibition
single two-state quantum system
decoherence-free quantum memories
sphere surface


Ride quality evaluation of an actively-controlled stretcher for an ambulance This study considers the subjective evaluation of ride quality during ambulance transportation using an actively-controlled stretcher -LRB- ACS -RRB- . The ride quality of a conventional stretcher and an assistant driver 's seat is also compared . Braking during ambulance transportation generates negative foot-to-head acceleration in patients and causes blood pressure to rise in the patient 's head . The ACS absorbs the foot-to-head acceleration by changing the angle of the stretcher , thus reducing the blood pressure variation . However , the ride quality of the ACS should be investigated further because the movement of the ACS may cause motion sickness and nausea . Experiments of ambulance transportation , including rapid acceleration and deceleration , are performed to evaluate the effect of differences in posture of the transported subject on the ride quality ; the semantic differential method and factor analysis are used in the investigations . Subjects are transported using a conventional stretcher with head forward , a conventional stretcher with head backward , the ACS , and an assistant driver 's seat for comparison with transportation using a stretcher . Experimental results show that the ACS gives the most comfortable transportation when using a stretcher . Moreover , the reduction of the negative foot-to-head acceleration at frequencies below 0.2 Hz and the small variation of the foot-to-head acceleration result in more comfortable transportation . Conventional transportation with the head forward causes the worst transportation , although the characteristics of the vibration of the conventional stretcher seem to be superior to that of the ACS

B I I O O O O O O B O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I O O O O O O O O O

ambulance
ride quality evaluation
subjective evaluation
conventional stretcher
braking
blood pressure variation
motion sickness
nausea
rapid acceleration
transported subject
semantic differential method
factor analysis
head forward
head backward
comfortable transportation
vibration

actively-controlled stretcher
ambulance transportation
assistant driver seat
negative foot-to-head acceleration
patient head
stretcher angle
rapid deceleration
posture differences


On the contractivity of implicit-explicit linear multistep methods This paper is concerned with the class of implicit-explicit linear multistep methods for the numerical solution of initial value problems for ordinary differential equations which are composed of stiff and nonstiff parts . We study the contractivity of such methods , with regard to linear autonomous systems of ordinary differential equations and a -LRB- scaled -RRB- Euclidean norm . In addition , we derive a strong stability result based on the stability regions of these methods

O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I I O B I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O

contractivity
numerical solution
initial value problems
ordinary differential equations
linear autonomous systems
euclidean norm
stability result


Quantum universal variable-length source coding We construct an optimal quantum universal variable-length code that achieves the admissible minimum rate , i.e. , our code is used for any probability distribution of quantum states . Its probability of exceeding the admissible minimum rate exponentially goes to 0 . Our code is optimal in the sense of its exponent . In addition , its average error asymptotically tends to 0

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I O O O O

admissible minimum rate
probability distribution
quantum states
exponent
average error

quantum universal variable-length source coding


Quantum-information processing by nuclear magnetic resonance : Experimental implementation of half-adder and subtractor operations using an oriented spin-7 / 2 system The advantages of using quantum systems for performing many computational tasks have already been established . Several quantum algorithms have been developed which exploit the inherent property of quantum systems such as superposition of states and entanglement for efficiently performing certain tasks . The experimental implementation has been achieved on many quantum systems , of which nuclear magnetic resonance has shown the largest progress in terms of number of qubits . This paper describes the use of a spin-7 / 2 as a three-qubit system and experimentally implements the half-adder and subtractor operations . The required qubits are realized by partially orienting / sup 133/Cs nuclei in a liquid-crystalline medium , yielding a quadrupolar split well-resolved septet . Another feature of this paper is the proposal that labeling of quantum states of system can be suitably chosen to increase the efficiency of a computational task

O O O B I I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I

nuclear magnetic resonance
subtractor operations
quantum systems
computational tasks
quantum algorithms
entanglement
qubits
quantum states
computational task

quantum-information processing
half-adder operations
oriented spin-7/2 system
state superposition
three-qubit system
/sup 133/cs nuclei
liquid-crystalline medium
quadrupolar split well-resolved septet
/sup 133/cs


Fidelity of quantum teleportation through noisy channels We investigate quantum teleportation through noisy quantum channels by solving analytically and numerically a master equation in the Lindblad form . We calculate the fidelity as a function of decoherence rates and angles of a state to be teleported . It is found that the average fidelity and the range of states to be accurately teleported depend on types of noises acting on quantum channels . If the quantum channels are subject to isotropic noise , the average fidelity decays to 1/2 , which is smaller than the best possible value of 2/3 obtained only by the classical communication . On the other hand , if the noisy quantum channel is modeled by a single Lindblad operator , the average fidelity is always greater than 2/3

B O B I O O O O O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O B I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B O O O O O

fidelity
quantum teleportation
noisy quantum channels
quantum channels
classical communication
lindblad operator
isotropic noise

analytical solution
numerical solution
alice
bob
sender
recipient
dual classical channels
eigenstate


Application of artificial intelligence to search ground-state geometry of clusters We introduce a global optimization procedure , the neural-assisted genetic algorithm -LRB- NAGA -RRB- . It combines the power of an artificial neural network -LRB- ANN -RRB- with the versatility of the genetic algorithm . This method is suitable to solve optimization problems that depend on some kind of heuristics to limit the search space . If a reasonable amount of data is available , the ANN can `` understand '' the problem and provide the genetic algorithm with a selected population of elements that will speed up the search for the optimum solution . We tested the method in a search for the ground-state geometry of silicon clusters . We trained the ANN with information about the geometry and energetics of small silicon clusters . Next , the ANN learned how to restrict the configurational space for larger silicon clusters . For Si/sub 10 / and Si/sub 20 / , we noticed that the NAGA is at least three times faster than the `` pure '' genetic algorithm . As the size of the cluster increases , it is expected that the gain in terms of time will increase as well

O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

artificial intelligence
global optimization procedure
artificial neural network
population
optimum solution
silicon clusters

ground-state geometry
atomic clusters
neural-assisted genetic algorithm
si/sub 10/
si/sub 20/
cluster size


Implementation of DIMSIMs for stiff differential systems Some issues related to the implementation of diagonally implicit multistage integration methods for stiff differential systems are discussed . They include reliable estimation of the local discretization error , construction of continuous interpolants , solution of nonlinear systems of equations by simplified Newton iterations , choice of initial stepsize and order , and step and order changing strategy . Numerical results are presented which indicate that an experimental Matlab code based on type 2 methods of order one , two and three outperforms ode15s code from Matlab ODE suite on problems whose Jacobian has eigenvalues which are close to the imaginary axis

O O B O B I I O O O O O O O B I I I I O B I I O O O O O B I O O B I I O O O O B O O O B I I I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Car-caravan snaking . 2 Active caravan braking For part 1 , see ibid. , p.707-22 . Founded on the review and results of Part 1 , Part 2 contains a description of the virtual design of an active braking system for caravans or other types of trailer , to suppress snaking vibrations , while being simple from a practical viewpoint . The design process and the design itself are explained . The performance is examined by simulations and it is concluded that the system is effective , robust and realizable with modest and available components

O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

active caravan braking
virtual design
trailer

car-caravan snaking
snaking vibrations suppression
dynamics


Some recent advances in validated methods for IVPs for ODEs Compared to standard numerical methods for initial value problems -LRB- IVPs -RRB- for ordinary differential equations -LRB- ODEs -RRB- , validated methods -LRB- often called interval methods -RRB- for IVPs for ODEs have two important advantages : if they return a solution to a problem , then -LRB- 1 -RRB- the problem is guaranteed to have a unique solution , and -LRB- 2 -RRB- an enclosure of the true solution is produced . We present a brief overview of interval Taylor series -LRB- ITS -RRB- methods for IVPs for ODEs and discuss some recent advances in the theory of validated methods for IVPs for ODEs . In particular , we discuss an interval Hermite-Obreschkoff -LRB- IHO -RRB- scheme for computing rigorous bounds on the solution of an IVP for an ODE , the stability of ITS and IHO methods , and a new perspective on the wrapping effect , where we interpret the problem of reducing the wrapping effect as one of finding a more stable scheme for advancing the solution

O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I I O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O

validated methods
initial value problems
ordinary differential equations
interval methods
interval taylor series
wrapping effect

interval hermite-obreschkoff scheme
qr algorithm


Secrets of the Glasgow Haskell compiler inliner Higher-order languages such as Haskell encourage the programmer to build abstractions by composing functions . A good compiler must inline many of these calls to recover an efficiently executable program . In principle , inlining is dead simple : just replace the call of a function by an instance of its body . But any compiler-writer will tell you that inlining is a black art , full of delicate compromises that work together to give good performance without unnecessary code bloat . The purpose of this paper is , therefore , to articulate the key lessons we learned from a full-scale `` production '' inliner , the one used in the Glasgow Haskell compiler . We focus mainly on the algorithmic aspects , but we also provide some indicative measurements to substantiate the importance of various aspects of the inliner

O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

glasgow haskell compiler inliner
abstractions
executable program
performance
algorithmic aspects

higher-order languages
functional programming
functional language
optimising compiler


A novel robot hand with embedded shape memory alloy actuators Describes the development of an active robot hand , which allows smooth and lifelike motions for anthropomorphic grasping and fine manipulations . An active robot finger 10 mm in outer diameter with a shape memory alloy -LRB- SMA -RRB- wire actuator embedded in the finger with a constant distance from the geometric centre of the finger was designed and fabricated . The practical specifications of the SMA wire and the flexible rod were determined on the basis of a series of formulae . The active finger consists of two bending parts , the SMA actuators and a connecting part . The mechanical properties of the bending part are investigated . The control system on the basis of resistance feedback is also presented . Finally , a robot hand with three fingers was designed and the grasping experiment was carried out to demonstrate its performance

O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

embedded shape memory alloy actuators
lifelike motions
anthropomorphic grasping
fine manipulations
active finger
resistance feedback
flexible rod
active robot hand


Quantum phase gate for photonic qubits using only beam splitters and postselection We show that a beam splitter of reflectivity one-third can be used to realize a quantum phase gate operation if only the outputs conserving the number of photons on each side are postselected

B I I O B I O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O

quantum phase gate
photonic qubits
postselection
reflectivity
outputs

postselected photon number conserving outputs


Developing a high-performance web server in Concurrent Haskell Server applications , and in particular network-based server applications , place a unique combination of demands on a programming language : lightweight concurrency , high I/O throughput , and fault tolerance are all important . This paper describes a prototype Web server written in Concurrent Haskell -LRB- with extensions -RRB- , and presents two useful results : firstly , a conforming server could be written with minimal effort , leading to an implementation in less than 1500 lines of code , and secondly the naive implementation produced reasonable performance . Furthermore , making minor modifications to a few time-critical components improved performance to a level acceptable for anything but the most heavily loaded Web servers

O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

concurrent haskell
lightweight concurrency
fault tolerance
conforming server

high-performance web server
network-based server applications
high i/o throughput
time-critical components


Acceptance of a price discount : the role of the semantic relatedness between purchases and the comparative price format Two studies are reported where people are asked to accept or not a price reduction on a target product . In the high -LRB- low -RRB- relative saving version , the regular price of the target product is low -LRB- high -RRB- . In both versions , the absolute value of the price reduction is the same as well as the total of regular prices of planned purchases . As first reported by Tversky and Kahneman -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , findings show that the majority of people accept the price discount in the high-relative saving version whereas the minority do it in the low one . In Study 1 , findings show that the previous preference reversal disappears when planned purchases are strongly related . Also , a previously unreported preference reversal is found . The majority of people accept the price discount when the products are weakly related whereas the minority accept when the products are strongly related . In Study 2 , findings show that the classic preference reversal disappears as a function of the comparative price format . Also , another previously unreported preference reversal is found . When the offered price reduction relates to a low-priced product , people are more inclined to accept it with a control than a minimal comparative price format . Findings reported in Studies 1 and 2 are interpreted in terms of mental accounting shifts

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I

preference reversal
mental accounting shifts
planned purchases
comparative price format

price discount acceptance
semantic relatedness hypothesis
high relative saving version
low relative saving version
low-priced product


Parallel implicit predictor corrector methods The performance of parallel codes for the solution of initial value problems is usually strongly sensitive to the dimension of the continuous problem . This is due to the overhead related to the exchange of information among the processors and motivates the problem of minimizing the amount of communications . According to this principle , we define the so called Parallel Implicit Predictor Corrector Methods and in this class we derive A-stable , L-stable and numerically zero-stable formulas . The latter property refers to the zero-stability condition of a given formula when roundoff errors are introduced in its coefficients due to their representation in finite precision arithmetic . Some numerical experiment show the potentiality of this approach

B I I I I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O

parallel implicit predictor corrector methods

numerically zero-stable formulas
zero-stability condition