Modeling of torsional vibration induced by extension-twisting coupling of anisotropic composite laminates with piezoelectric actuators In this paper we present a dynamic analytical model for the torsional vibration of an anisotropic piezoelectric laminate induced by the extension-twisting coupling effect . In the present approach , we use the Hamilton principle and a reduced bending stiffness method for the derivation of equations of motion . As a result , the in-plane displacements are not involved and the out-of-plane displacement of the laminate is the only quantity to be calculated . Therefore , the proposed method turns the twisting of a laminate with structural coupling into a simplified problem without losing its features . We give analytical solutions of the present model with harmonic excitation . A parametric study is performed to demonstrate the present approach

O O B I O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O B I I O O B I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O

torsional vibration
anisotropic composite laminates
piezoelectric actuators
dynamic analytical model
anisotropic piezoelectric laminate
hamilton principle
reduced bending stiffness
equations of motion
twisting
structural coupling
harmonic excitation
parametric study

extension -twisting coupling
extension-twisting coupling effect
in-plane displacements
out-of-plane displacement
composite laminate
material anisotropy
pzt


SIA shelves T +1 decision till 2004 The Securities Industry Association has decided that a move to T +1 is more than the industry can handle right now . STP , however , will remain a focus

O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Development of an integrated and open-architecture precision motion control system In this paper , the development of an integrated and open-architecture precision motion control system is presented . The control system is generally applicable , but it is developed with a particular focus on direct drive servo systems based on linear motors . The overall control system is comprehensive , comprising of various selected control and instrumentation components , integrated within a configuration of hardware architecture centred around a dSPACE DS1004 DSP processor board . These components include a precision composite controller -LRB- comprising of feedforward and feedback control -RRB- , a disturbance observer , an adaptive notch filter , and a geometrical error compensator . The hardware architecture , software development platform , user interface , and all constituent control components are described

O O O O O O B B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B I O O O B O B O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

motion control
direct drive servo systems
linear motors
composite controller
feedforward
feedback
adaptive notch filter
precision

dspace ds1004 processor
open-architecture
geometrical error compensation


Control of a coupled map lattice model for vortex shedding in the wake of a cylinder The flow behind a vibrating flexible cable at low Reynolds numbers can exhibit complex wake structures such as lace-like patterns , vortex dislocations and frequency cells . These structures have been observed in experiments and numerical simulations , and are predicted by a previously developed low-order coupled map lattice -LRB- CML -RRB- . The discrete -LRB- in time and space -RRB- CML models consist of a series of diffusively coupled circle map oscillators along the cable span . Motivated by a desire to modify the complex wake patterns behind flexible vibrating cables , we have studied the addition of control terms into the highly efficient CML models and explored the resulting dynamics . Proportional , adaptive proportional and discontinuous non-linear -LRB- DNL -RRB- control methods were used to derive the control laws . The first method employed occasional proportional feedback . The adaptive method used spatio-temporal feedback control . The DNL method used a discontinuous feedback linearization procedure , and the controller was designed for the resulting linearized system using eigenvalue assignment . These techniques were applied to a modeled vortex dislocation structure in the wake of a vibrating cable in uniform freestream flow . Parallel shedding patterns were achieved for a range of forcing frequency-forcing amplitude combinations studied to validate the control theory . The adaptive proportional and DNL methods were found to be more effective than the proportional control method due to the incorporation of a spatially varying feedback gain across the cylinder span . The DNL method was found to be the most efficient controller of the low-order CML model . The required control level across the cable span was correlated to the 1/1 lock-on behavior of the temporal circle map

O O O B I I O O B I O O B O O B O O O O B I I O B I I O O O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I

coupled map lattice
vortex shedding
wake
proportional feedback
coupled circle map oscillators
temporal circle map
vortex dislocation
cylinder
low reynolds numbers
vortex dislocations
vibrating flexible cable

spatio-temporal feedback control
1/1 lock-on
discontinuous nonlinear control


Reply to `` Comment on : Teleportation of an unknown state by W state '' -LSB- Phys . Lett . A 300 -LRB- 2002 -RRB- 324 -RSB- In our letter -LRB- see ibid. , vol . 296 , p. 161 -LRB- 2002 -RRB- -RRB- , the main question we consider is whether a general three-particle W state can be used to realize the teleportation of an unknown qubit state . We give the positive answer to this question in our letter , and show that W state can be used to realize to do that probabilistically . We also discuss how to do it in detail in our letter . In the previous comment -LRB- see ibid. , vol . 300 , p. 324 -LRB- 2002 -RRB- -RRB- , authors check carefully the mathematics calculation of our letter , find and point out a simple mathematics error about normalization coefficient of Eq . -LRB- 1 -RRB- . This mathematics error induces the incorrect probability calculation of Eq . -LRB- 6 -RRB- , and also an incorrect claim in first part of our letter

O O O O O O B O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

teleportation
unknown state
qubit state
normalization coefficient
probability calculation


Attribute generation based on association rules A decision tree is considered to be appropriate -LRB- 1 -RRB- if the tree can classify the unseen data accurately , and -LRB- 2 -RRB- if the size of the tree is small . One of the approaches to induce such a good decision tree is to add new attributes and their values to enhance the expressiveness of the training data at the data pre-processing stage . There are many existing methods for attribute extraction and construction , but constructing new attributes is still an art . These methods are very time consuming , and some of them need a priori knowledge of the data domain . They are not suitable for data mining dealing with large volumes of data . We propose a novel approach that the knowledge on attributes relevant to the class is extracted as association rules from the training data . The new attributes and the values are generated from the association rules among the originally given attributes . We elaborate on the method and investigate its feature . The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through some experiments

B I O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B

attribute generation
association rules
decision tree
training data
attribute extraction
data mining
experiments


Grey-box model identification via evolutionary computing This paper presents an evolutionary grey-box model identification methodology that makes the best use of a priori knowledge on a clear-box model with a global structural representation of the physical system under study , whilst incorporating accurate blackbox models for immeasurable and local nonlinearities of a practical system . The evolutionary technique is applied to building dominant structural identification with local parametric tuning without the need of a differentiable performance index in the presence of noisy data . It is shown that the evolutionary technique provides an excellent fitting performance and is capable of accommodating multiple objectives such as to examine the relationships between model complexity and fitting accuracy during the model building process . Validation results show that the proposed method offers robust , uncluttered and accurate models for two practical systems . It is expected that this type of grey-box models will accommodate many practical engineering systems for a better modelling accuracy

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

system identification
grey-box models
evolutionary algorithms
genetic evolution
multiobjective optimisation
hydraulic system
nonlinear system


A meteorological fuzzy expert system incorporating subjective user input We present a fuzzy expert system , MEDEX , for forecasting gale-force winds in the Mediterranean basin . The most successful local wind forecasting in this region is achieved by an expert human forecaster with access to numerical weather prediction products . That forecaster 's knowledge is expressed as a set of ` rules-of-thumb ' . Fuzzy set methodologies have proved well suited for encoding the forecaster 's knowledge , and for accommodating the uncertainty inherent in the specification of rules , as well as in subjective and objective input . MEDEX uses fuzzy set theory in two ways : as a fuzzy rule base in the expert system , and for fuzzy pattern matching to select dominant wind circulation patterns as one input to the expert system . The system was developed , tuned , and verified over a two-year period , during which the weather conditions from 539 days were individually analyzed . Evaluations of MEDEX performance for both the onset and cessation of winter and summer winds are presented , and demonstrate that MEDEX has forecasting skill competitive with the US Navy 's regional forecasting center in Rota , Spain

O B I I I O B I I O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

meteorological fuzzy expert system
subjective user input
medex
mediterranean basin
numerical weather prediction products
fuzzy set theory
uncertainty
fuzzy rule base
fuzzy pattern matching
wind circulation patterns

gale-force wind forecasting
rules-of-thumb
subjective variables
rule specification


TCP explicit congestion notification over ATM-UBR : a simulation study The enhancement of transmission control protocol 's -LRB- TCP 's -RRB- congestion control mechanisms using explicit congestion notification -LRB- ECN -RRB- over asynchronous transfer mode -LRB- ATM -RRB- networks is overviewed . TCP 's congestion control is enhanced so that congestion is indicated by not only packet losses as is currently the case but an agent implemented at the ATM network 's edge as well . The novel idea uses EFCI -LRB- explicit forward congestion indication -RRB- bits -LRB- available in every ATM cell header -RRB- to generalize the ECN response to the UBR -LRB- unspecified bit rate -RRB- service , notify congestion , and adjust the credit-based window size of the TCR . The authors ' simulation experiments show that TCP ECN achieves significantly lower cell loss , packet retransmissions , and buffer utilization , and exhibits better throughput than -LRB- non-ECN -RRB- TCP Reno

B I I I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O

tcp explicit congestion notification
simulation
congestion control mechanisms
packet losses
agent
cell loss
packet retransmissions
buffer utilization
throughput

explicit forward congestion indication bits


Micro-optical realization of arrays of selectively addressable dipole traps : a scalable configuration for quantum computation with atomic qubits We experimentally demonstrate novel structures for the realization of registers of atomic qubits : We trap neutral atoms in one - and two-dimensional arrays of far-detuned dipole traps obtained by focusing a red-detuned laser beam with a microfabricated array of microlenses . We are able to selectively address individual trap sites due to their large lateral separation of 125 mu m . We initialize and read out different internal states for the individual sites . We also create two interleaved sets of trap arrays with adjustable separation , as required for many proposed implementations of quantum gate operations

O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I

atomic qubits
registers
neutral atoms
microfabricated array
microlenses
internal states
quantum gate operations
quantum computation
scalable configuration

far-detuned dipole traps
red-detuned laser beam


Gearing up for CLS bank Continuous-Linked Settlement , a dream of the foreign-exchange community for years , may finally become a reality by the end of 2002

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Experimental feedforward and feedback control of a one-dimensional SMA composite The control of embedded shape memory alloy -LRB- SMA -RRB- actuators has recently become a topic of interest in the field of smart structures . The inherent difficulties associated with SMA actuators has resulted in a variety of approaches . Homogenization provides a simplified , yet mathematically rigorous , method of determining average stress and strain fields in a composite . A modified constitutive model is presented based on experimental results demonstrating the inability of most simple phenomenological models to capture the effective behavior of SMAs during thermal activation . A feedforward controller is presented for a SMA composite based on the homogenization of a modified phenomenological model for SMAs in a linear matrix

O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I I I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I

thermal activation
embedded shape memory alloy
sma
smart structures
homogenization
linear matrix
models


Real-time estimations of multi-modal frequencies for smart structures In this paper , various methods for the real-time estimation of multi-modal frequencies are realized in real time and compared through numerical and experimental tests . These parameter-based frequency estimation methods can be applied to various engineering fields such as communications , radar and adaptive vibration and noise control . Well-known frequency estimation methods are introduced and explained . The Bairstow method is introduced to find the roots of a characteristic equation for estimations of multi-modal frequencies , and the computational efficiency of the Bairstow method is shown quantitatively . For a simple numerical test , we consider two sinusoids of the same amplitudes mixed with various amounts of white noise . The test results show that the auto regressive -LRB- AR -RRB- and auto regressive and moving average -LRB- ARMA -RRB- methods are unsuitable in noisy environments . The other methods apart from the AR method have fast tracking capability . From the point of view of computational efficiency , the results reveal that the ARMA method is inefficient , while the cascade notch filter method is very effective . The linearized adaptive notch filter and recursive maximum likelihood methods have average performances . Experimental tests are devised to confirm the feasibility of real-time computations and to impose the severe conditions of drastically different amplitudes and of considerable changes of natural frequencies . We have performed experiments to extract the natural frequencies from the vibration signal of wing-like composite plates in real time . The natural frequencies of the specimen are changed by added masses . Especially , the AR method exhibits a remarkable performance in spite of the severe conditions . This study will be helpful to anyone who needs a frequency estimation algorithm for real-time applications

O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B I I I O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O

smart structures
frequency estimation
noise control
bairstow method
characteristic equation
arma
cascade notch filter
linearized adaptive notch filter
recursive maximum likelihood methods
vibration signal

auto regressive and moving average methods


Weighted energy linear quadratic regulator vibration control of piezoelectric composite plates In this paper on finite element linear quadratic regulator -LRB- LQR -RRB- vibration control of smart piezoelectric composite plates , we propose the use of the total weighted energy method to select the weighting matrices . By constructing the optimal performance function as a relative measure of the total kinetic energy , strain energy and input energy of the system , only three design variables need to be considered to achieve a balance between the desired higher damping effect and lower input cost . Modal control analysis is used to interpret the effects of three energy weight factors on the damping ratios and modal voltages and it is shown that the modal damping effect will increase with the kinetic energy weight factor , approaching square root -LRB- 2/2 -RRB- as the strain energy weight factor increases and decrease with the input energy weight factor . Numerical results agree well with those from the modal control analysis . Since the control problem is simplified to three design variables only , the computational cost will be greatly reduced and a more accurate structural control analysis becomes more attractive for large systems

O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O B I O B I I I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I O O O O B I I O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O


Scheduling schemes for an integrated flight and propulsion control system We describe two schemes for scheduling an integrated flight and propulsion control system for an experimental vertical/short take-off and landing -LRB- V/STOL -RRB- aircraft concept in the acceleration from hover -LRB- 0-120 kn -RRB- flight phase . Multivariable integrated flight and propulsion controllers are designed at several points over the V/STOL envelope and implemented as exact plant observers with state feedback . In the first scheduling scheme , the values of the state feedback and observer gain matrices are interpolated between the fixed-point designs as a function of aircraft speed . In the second approach , the control signals produced by the different fixed-point controllers are blended , allowing a significant reduction in the order of the scheduled controllers . Both scheduling schemes are shown in nonlinear simulation to provide excellent handling qualities as the aircraft accelerates from the hover

B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

propulsion control
scheduling
observers
state feedback

vertical short take-off landing aircraft


Efficient transitive closure reasoning in a combined class/part/containment hierarchy Class hierarchies form the backbone of many implemented knowledge representation and reasoning systems . They are used for inheritance , classification and transitive closure reasoning . Part hierarchies are also important in artificial intelligence . Other hierarchies , e.g. containment hierarchies , have received less attention in artificial intelligence . This paper presents an architecture and an implementation of a hierarchy reasoner that integrates a class hierarchy , a part hierarchy , and a containment hierarchy into one structure . In order to make an implemented reasoner useful , it needs to operate at least at speeds comparable to human reasoning . As real-world hierarchies are always large , special techniques need to be used to achieve this . We have developed a set of parallel algorithms and a data representation called maximally reduced tree cover for that purpose . The maximally reduced tree cover is an improvement of a materialized transitive closure representation which has appeared in the literature . Our experiments with a medical vocabulary show that transitive closure reasoning for combined class/part/containment hierarchies in near constant time is possible for a fixed hardware configuration

O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B O B O B I I O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O B I I I O O O O O B I I I O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O B O O B I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I


A knowledge management framework for the support of decision making in humanitarian assistance/disaster relief The major challenge in current humanitarian assistance/disaster relief -LRB- HA/DR -RRB- efforts is that diverse information and knowledge are widely distributed and owned by different organizations . These resources are not efficiently organized and utilized during HA/DR operations . We present a knowledge management framework that integrates multiple information technologies to collect , analyze , and manage information and knowledge for supporting decision making in HA/DR . The framework will help identify the information needs , be aware of a disaster situation , and provide decision-makers with useful relief recommendations based on past experience . A comprehensive , consistent and authoritative knowledge base within the framework will facilitate knowledge sharing and reuse . This framework can also be applied to other similar real-time decision-making environments , such as crisis management and emergency medical assistance

O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I

knowledge management framework
organizations
information needs
knowledge sharing
crisis management
emergency medical assistance

decision support system
humanitarian assistance
disaster relief
information technology
knowledge reuse
real-time decision-making environments
case-based reasoning


A fundamental investigation into large strain recovery of one-way shape memory alloy wires embedded in flexible polyurethanes Shape memory alloys -LRB- SMAs -RRB- are being embedded in or externally attached to smart structures because of the large amount of actuation deformation and force that these materials are capable of producing when they are heated . Previous investigations have focused primarily on using single or opposing SMA wires exhibiting the two-way shape memory effect -LRB- SME -RRB- because of the simplicity with which the repeatable actuation behavior of the structure can be predicted . This repeatable actuation behavior is achieved at the expense of reduced levels of recoverable deformation . Alternatively , many potential smart structure applications will employ multiple SMA wires exhibiting a permanent one-way SME to simplify fabrication and increase the recoverable strains in the structure . To employ the one-way wires , it is necessary to investigate how they affect the recovery of large strains when they are embedded in a structure . In this investigation , the large strain recovery of a one-way SMA wire embedded in a flexible polyurethane is characterized using the novel deformation measurement technique known as digital image correlation . These results are compared with a simple actuation model and a three-dimensional finite element analysis of the structure using the Brinson model for describing the thermomechanical behavior of the SMA . Results indicate that the level of actuation strain in the structure is substantially reduced by the inelastic behavior of the one-way SMA wires , and there are significant differences between the deformations of the matrix material adjacent to the SMA wires and in the region surrounding it . The transformation behavior of the SMA wires was also determined to be volume preserving , which had a significant effect on the transverse strain fields

O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I

strain recovery
flexible polyurethanes
alloy wires
sma wires
actuation deformation
recoverable strains
flexible polyurethane
smart structures
actuation strain
deformations
matrix material
transverse strain fields


Pairwise thermal entanglement in the n-qubit -LRB- n < or = 5 -RRB- Heisenberg XX chain We have calculated the concurrence of the pairwise thermal entanglement for the four-qubit and five-qubit Heisenberg XX chain . It is found that there is a great difference between the even-qubit and the odd-qubit chain in the aspect of the critical temperature and of the existence of the entanglement for the case of the qubit number n no more than 5

B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

pairwise thermal entanglement
critical temperature

four-qubit heisenberg xx chain
five-qubit heisenberg xx chain
even-qubit chain
odd-qubit chain


The fully entangled fraction as an inclusive measure of entanglement applications Characterizing entanglement in all but the simplest case of a two qubit pure state is a hard problem , even understanding the relevant experimental quantities that are related to entanglement is difficult . It may not be necessary , however , to quantify the entanglement of a state in order to quantify the quantum information processing significance of a state . It is known that the fully entangled fraction has a direct relationship to the fidelity of teleportation maximized under the actions of local unitary operations . In the case of two qubits we point out that the fully entangled fraction can also be related to the fidelities , maximized under the actions of local unitary operations , of other important quantum information tasks such as dense coding , entanglement swapping and quantum cryptography in such a way as to provide an inclusive measure of these entanglement applications . For two qubit systems the fully entangled fraction has a simple known closed-form expression and we establish lower and upper bounds of this quantity with the concurrence . This approach is readily extendable to more complicated systems

O B I I O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

entanglement
two qubit pure state
quantum information processing
fully entangled fraction
fidelity
teleportation
quantum cryptography


High-performance servo systems based on multirate sampling control In this paper , novel multirate two-degree-of-freedom controllers are proposed for digital control systems , in which the sampling period of plant output is restricted to be relatively longer than the control period of plant input . The proposed feedforward controller assures perfect tracking at M inter-sampling points . On the other hand , the proposed feedback controller assures perfect disturbance rejection at M inter-sample points in the steady state . Illustrative examples of position control for hard disk drive are presented , and advantages of these approaches are demonstrated

O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O

multirate sampling control
digital control systems
tracking
feedback
feedforward
position control
hard disk drive
disturbance rejection


Experimental investigation of active vibration control using neural networks and piezoelectric actuators The use of neural networks for identification and control of smart structures is investigated experimentally . Piezoelectric actuators are employed to suppress the vibrations of a cantilevered plate subject to impulse , sine wave and band-limited white noise disturbances . The neural networks used are multilayer perceptrons trained with error backpropagation . Validation studies show that the identifier predicts the system dynamics accurately . The controller is trained adaptively with the help of the neural identifier . Experimental results demonstrate excellent closed-loop performance and robustness of the neurocontroller

O O O B I I O B I O B I O O O B I O B O B O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B

active vibration control
neural networks
piezoelectric actuators
identification
control
smart structures
cantilevered plate
white noise disturbances
multilayer perceptrons
error backpropagation
robustness
neurocontroller

closed-loop performance
vibration suppression


Active vibration control of composite sandwich beams with piezoelectric extension-bending and shear actuators We have used quasi-static equations of piezoelectricity to derive a finite element formulation capable of modelling two different kinds of piezoelastically induced actuation in an adaptive composite sandwich beam . This formulation is made to couple certain piezoelectric constants to a transverse electric field to develop extension-bending actuation and shear-induced actuation . As an illustration , we present a sandwich model of three sublaminates : face/core/face . We develop a control scheme based on the linear quadratic regulator/independent modal space control -LRB- LQR/IMSC -RRB- method and use this to estimate the active stiffness and the active damping introduced by shear and extension-bending actuators . To assess the performance of each type of actuator , a dynamic response study is carried out in the modal domain . We observe that the shear actuator is more efficient in actively controlling the vibration than the extension-bending actuator for the same control effort

O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B O O O B I I O O O O O O O B O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

piezoelectricity
finite element formulation
piezoelastically
adaptive composite sandwich beam
piezoelectric constants
transverse electric field
sandwich model
sublaminates
modal space control
active stiffness
active damping
shear actuators
dynamic response
modal domain

quasi-static equations
extension-bending actuation
finite element procedure
shear-induced actuation
linear quadratic regulator
extension-bending actuators


Modeling and simulation of an ABR flow control algorithm using a virtual source/virtual destination switch The available bit rate -LRB- ABR -RRB- service class of asynchronous transfer mode networks uses a feedback control mechanism to adapt to varying link capacities . The virtual source/virtual destination -LRB- VS/VD -RRB- technique offers the possibility of segmenting the otherwise end-to-end ABR control loop into separate loops . The improved feedback delay and control of ABR traffic inside closed segments provide a better performance for ABR connections . This article presents the use of classical linear control theory to model and develop an ABR VS/VD flow control algorithm . Discrete event simulations are used to analyze the behavior of the algorithm with respect to transient behavior and correctness of the control model . Linear control theory offers the means to derive correct choices of parameters and to assess performance issues , such as stability of the system , during the design phase . The performance goals are high link utilization , fair bandwidth distribution , and robust operation in various environments , which are verified by discrete event simulations . The major contribution of this work is the use of analytic methods -LRB- linear control theory -RRB- to model and design an ABR flow control algorithm tailored for the special layout of a VS/VD switch , and the use of simulation techniques to verify the result

B O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

modeling
abr flow control algorithm
feedback control mechanism
link capacities
control loop
feedback delay
closed segments
classical linear control theory
discrete event simulations
transient behavior
control model
performance issues
stability
high link utilization
fair bandwidth distribution
robust operation


Testing statistical bounds on entanglement using quantum chaos Previous results indicate that while chaos can lead to substantial entropy production , thereby maximizing dynamical entanglement , this still falls short of maximality . Random matrix theory modeling of composite quantum systems , investigated recently , entails a universal distribution of the eigenvalues of the reduced density matrices . We demonstrate that these distributions are realized in quantized chaotic systems by using a model of two coupled and kicked tops . We derive an explicit statistical universal bound on entanglement , which is also valid for the case of unequal dimensionality of the Hilbert spaces involved , and show that this describes well the bounds observed using composite quantized chaotic systems such as coupled tops

O B I O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O B O B I I O O B I I O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O

statistical bounds
entanglement
quantum chaos
entropy production
maximality
random matrix theory
composite quantum systems
universal distribution
reduced density matrices
quantized chaotic systems
kicked tops
hilbert spaces


Tools for the analysis of dose optimization . I. Effect-volume histogram With the advent of dose optimization algorithms , predominantly for intensity-modulated radiotherapy -LRB- IMRT -RRB- , computer software has progressed beyond the point of being merely a tool at the hands of an expert and has become an active , independent mediator of the dosimetric conflicts between treatment goals and risks . To understand and control the internal decision finding as well as to provide means to influence it , a tool for the analysis of the dose distribution is presented which reveals the decision-making process performed by the algorithm . The internal trade-offs between partial volumes receiving high or low doses are driven by functions which attribute a weight to each volume element . The statistics of the distribution of these weights is cast into an effect-volume histogram -LRB- EVH -RRB- in analogy to dose-volume histograms . The analysis of the EVH reveals which traits of the optimum dose distribution result from the defined objectives , and which are a random consequence of under - or misspecification of treatment goals . The EVH can further assist in the process of finding suitable objectives and balancing conflicting objectives . If biologically inspired objectives are used , the EVH shows the distribution of local dose effect relative to the prescribed level

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

dose optimization algorithms
dosimetric conflicts
treatment goals
computer software
partial volumes
low doses

effect-volume histogram
intensity-modulated radiotherapy
treatment risks
decision-making process
high doses
volume element weights
treatment planning
objective function
insufficient target coverage
exponential law
cell survival
one-sided quadratic penalties
quadratic overdose penalty


Smart collision information processing sensors for fast moving objects In this technical note we survey the area of smart collision information processing sensors . We review the existing technologies to detect collision or overlap between fast moving physical objects or objects in virtual environments , physical environments or a combination of physical and virtual objects . We report developments in the collision detection of fast moving objects at discrete time steps such as two consecutive time frames , as well as continuous time intervals such as in an interframe collision detection system . Our discussion of computational techniques in this paper is limited to convex objects . Techniques exist however to efficiently decompose non-convex objects into convex objects . We also discuss the tracking technologies for objects from the standpoint of collision detection or avoidance

O B I I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I O B I I O O O B I I O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I O O

virtual environments
physical environments
collision detection
discrete time steps
consecutive time frames
continuous time intervals
nonconvex objects
collision information processing
fast moving objects
convex objects
tracking

interframe collision detection
air traffic control
smart sensors
military training
high speed machining


Resonant controllers for smart structures In this paper we propose a special type of colocated feedback controller for smart structures . The controller is a parallel combination of high-Q resonant circuits . Each of the resonant circuits is tuned to a pole -LRB- or the resonant frequency -RRB- of the smart structure . It is proven that the parallel combination of resonant controllers is stable with an infinite gain margin . Only one set of actuator-sensor can damp multiple resonant modes with the resonant controllers . Experimental results are presented to show the robustness of the proposed controller in damping multimode resonances

O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B I

feedback controller
smart structures
resonant frequency
smart structure
multiple resonant modes
damping
multimode resonances

high-q resonant circuits
actuator-sensor
laminate beam


Entanglement measures with asymptotic weak-monotonicity as lower -LRB- upper -RRB- bound for the entanglement of cost -LRB- distillation -RRB- We propose entanglement measures with asymptotic weak-monotonicity . We show that a normalized form of entanglement measures with the asymptotic weak-monotonicity are lower -LRB- upper -RRB- bound for the entanglement of cost -LRB- distillation -RRB-

B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B O

entanglement measures
entanglement of cost
distillation


Modeling and simulation of adaptive available bit rate voice over asynchronous transfer mode networks This article presents a modeling and simulation methodology to analyze the performance of voice quality when sent over the available bit rate service in asynchronous transfer mode networks . Sources can modify the rate at which they send traffic to the network based on the feedback carried in the resource management cells . This is achieved by changing the encoding level . As the contention increases to network resources-bandwidth in this case-sources start reducing the rate at which they generate and send traffic . The efficiency of the scheme under different scheduling/drop policies and other operating conditions and environments is evaluated using simulation modeling . Furthermore , sensitivity analysis is applied to different parameters , such as queue size and averaging interval length , to investigate their impact on the performance metrics . Results show that limiting the load to 41 % of the link capacity results in an acceptable quality

B O B O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O B I I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O

simulation
modeling
voice quality
traffic
feedback
resource management cells
encoding level
queue size
averaging interval length
performance metrics
link capacity
adaptive available bit rate voice

performance analysis
bandwidth contention
scheduling/drop policies
atm networks


Dynamic testing of inflatable structures using smart materials In this paper we present experimental investigations of the vibration testing of an inflated , thin-film torus using smart materials . Lightweight , inflatable structures are very attractive in satellite applications . However , the lightweight , flexible and highly damped nature of inflated structures poses difficulties in ground vibration testing . In this study , we show that polyvinylidene fluoride -LRB- PVDF -RRB- patches and recently developed macro-fiber composite actuators may be used as sensors and actuators in identifying modal parameters . Both smart materials can be integrated unobtrusively into the skin of a torus or space device forming an attractive testing arrangement . The addition of actuators and PVDF sensors to the torus does not significantly interfere with the suspension modes of a free-free boundary condition , and can be considered an integral part of the inflated structure . The results indicate the potential of using smart materials to measure and control the dynamic response of inflated structures

O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O B I

smart materials
satellite applications
inflated structures
ground vibration testing
pvdf sensors
modal parameters
space device
boundary condition
dynamic response

thin-film torus
polyvinylidene fluoride patches
macro-fiber composite actuators
kapton torus


Image reconstruction from fan-beam projections on less than a short scan This work is concerned with 2D image reconstruction from fan-beam projections . It is shown that exact and stable reconstruction of a given region-of-interest in the object does not require all lines passing through the object to be measured . Complete -LRB- non-truncated -RRB- fan-beam projections provide sufficient information for reconstruction when ` every line passing through the region-of-interest intersects the vertex path in a non-tangential way ' . The practical implications of this condition are discussed and a new filtered-backprojection algorithm is derived for reconstruction . Experiments with computer-simulated data are performed to support the mathematical results

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

fan-beam projections
exact stable reconstruction
region-of-interest
filtered-backprojection algorithm
x-ray computed tomography
short-scan condition
hilbert transform
radon transform
rebinning formula
convolution
linear interpolation
3d head phantom


Conditions for the local manipulation of Gaussian states We present a general necessary and sufficient criterion for the possibility of a state transformation from one mixed Gaussian state to another of a bipartite continuous-variable system with two modes . The class of operations that will be considered is the set of local Gaussian completely positive trace-preserving maps

O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

local manipulation
gaussian states
state transformation

bipartite continuous-variable system
trace-preserving maps
quantum information theory


Induced-shear piezoelectric actuators for rotor blade trailing edge flaps Much of the current rotorcraft research is focused on improving performance by reducing unwanted helicopter noise and vibration . One of the most promising active rotorcraft vibration control systems is an active trailing edge flap . In this paper , an induced-shear piezoelectric tube actuator is used in conjunction with a simple lever-cusp hinge amplification device to generate a useful combination of trailing edge flap deflections and hinge moments . A finite-element model of the actuator tube and trailing edge flap -LRB- including aerodynamic and inertial loading -RRB- was used to guide the design of the actuator-flap system . A full-scale induced shear tube actuator flap system was fabricated and bench top testing was conducted to validate the analysis . Hinge moments corresponding to various rotor speeds were applied to the actuator using mechanical springs . The testing demonstrated that for an applied electric field of 3 kV cm/sup -1 / the tube actuator deflected a representative full-scale 12 inch flap + or-2 .8 degrees at 0 rpm and + or-1 .4 degrees for a hinge moment simulating a 400 rpm condition . The per cent error between the predicted and experimental full-scale flap deflections ranged from 4 % -LRB- low rpm -RRB- to 12.5 % -LRB- large rpm -RRB- . Increasing the electric field to 4 kV cm/sup -1 / results in + or-2 .5 degrees flap deflection at a rotation speed of 400 rpm , according to the design analysis . A trade study was conducted to compare the performance of the piezoelectric tube actuator to the state of the art in trailing edge flap actuators and indicated that the induced-shear tube actuator shows promise as a trailing edge flap actuator

O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B B I O O O B I I I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

rotorcraft
helicopter noise
vibration control
active trailing edge flap
12 inch flap
inertial loading
design
shear tube actuator flap
bench top testing
piezoelectric tube actuator

helicopter vibration
lever-cusp hinge amplification device
finite-element model
aerodynamic loading
induced-shear tube actuator
12 inch


Design and manufacture of a lightweight piezo-composite curved actuator In this paper we are concerned with the design , manufacture and performance test of a lightweight piezo-composite curved actuator -LRB- called LIPCA -RRB- using a top carbon fiber composite layer with near-zero coefficient of thermal expansion -LRB- CTE -RRB- , a middle PZT ceramic wafer , and a bottom glass/epoxy layer with a high CTE . The main point of the design for LIPCA is to replace the heavy metal layers of THUNDER TM by lightweight fiber reinforced plastic layers without losing the capabilities for generating high force and large displacement . It is possible to save up to about 40 % of the weight if we replace the metallic backing material by the light fiber composite layer . We can also have design flexibility by selecting the fiber direction and the size of prepreg layers . In addition to the lightweight advantage and design flexibility , the proposed device can be manufactured without adhesive layers when we use an epoxy resin prepreg system . Glass/epoxy prepregs , a ceramic wafer with electrode surfaces , and a carbon prepreg were simply stacked and cured at an elevated temperature -LRB- 177 degrees C -RRB- after following an autoclave bagging process . We found that the manufactured composite laminate device had a sufficient curvature after being detached from a flat mould . An analysis method using the classical lamination theory is presented to predict the curvature of LIPCA after curing at an elevated temperature . The predicted curvatures are in quite good agreement with the experimental values . In order to investigate the merits of LIPCA , performance tests of both LIPCA and THUNDER TM have been conducted under the same boundary conditions . From the experimental actuation tests , it was observed that the developed actuator could generate larger actuation displacement than THUNDER TM

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O B O B O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O

performance test
lipca
carbon fiber composite layer
pzt ceramic wafer
fiber reinforced plastic layers
predicted curvatures
performance tests
boundary conditions
thunder
177 degrees c


Agents in e-commerce : state of the art This paper surveys the state of the art of agent-mediated electronic commerce -LRB- e-commerce -RRB- , especially in business-to-consumer -LRB- B2C -RRB- e-commerce and business-to-business -LRB- B2B -RRB- e-commerce . From the consumer buying behaviour perspective , the roles of agents in B2C e-commerce are : product brokering , merchant brokering , and negotiation . The applications of agents in B2B e-commerce are mainly in supply chain management . Mobile agents , evolutionary agents , and data-mining agents are some special techniques which can be applied in agent-mediated e-commerce . In addition , some technologies for implementation are briefly reviewed . Finally , we conclude this paper by discussions on the future directions of agent-mediated e-commerce

O O O O B I I I O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

state of the art
consumer buying behaviour
product brokering
merchant brokering
negotiation
supply chain management
mobile agents
evolutionary agents

agent-mediated electronic commerce
business-to-consumer e-commerce
multi-agent systems
data-mining agents
business-to-business e-commerce


Schema evolution in data warehouses We address the issues related to the evolution and maintenance of data warehousing systems , when underlying data sources change their schema capabilities . These changes can invalidate views at the data warehousing system . We present an approach for dynamically adapting views according to schema changes arising on source relations . This type of maintenance concerns both the schema and the data of the data warehouse . The main issue is to avoid the view recomputation from scratch especially when views are defined from multiple sources . The data of the data warehouse is used primarily in organizational decision-making and may be strategic . Therefore , the schema of the data warehouse can evolve for modeling new requirements resulting from analysis or data-mining processing . Our approach provides means to support schema evolution of the data warehouse independently of the data sources

B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I

schema evolution
data warehouses
data sources
source relations

system maintenance
containment
structural view maintenance
view adaptation
sql query
organizational decision-making
data analysis


Implementation of universal quantum gates based on nonadiabatic geometric phases We propose an experimentally feasible scheme to achieve quantum computation based on nonadiabatic geometric phase shifts , in which a cyclic geometric phase is used to realize a set of universal quantum gates . Physical implementation of this set of gates is designed for Josephson junctions and for NMR systems . Interestingly , we find that the nonadiabatic phase shift may be independent of the operation time under appropriate controllable conditions . A remarkable feature of the present nonadiabatic geometric gates is that there is no intrinsic limitation on the operation time

O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I I O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I

quantum computation
nonadiabatic geometric phase shifts
cyclic geometric phase
universal quantum gates
josephson junctions
nmr systems
nonadiabatic phase shift
operation time
nonadiabatic geometric gates


Influence of the process design on the control strategy : application in electropneumatic field This article proposes an example of electropneumatic system where the architecture of the process is modified with respect to both the specifications for position and velocity tracking and a criterion concerning the energy consumption . Experimental results are compared and analyzed using an industrial bench test . For this , a complete model of the system is presented , and two kinds of nonlinear control laws are developed , a monovariable and multivariable type based on the flatness theory

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I

tracking
energy consumption
nonlinear control
flatness theory

electropneumatic systems
positioning systems
position control
monovariable control
multivariable control
velocity control


Processing of complexly shaped multiply connected domains in finite element mesh generation Large number of finite element models in modern materials science and engineering is defined on complexly shaped domains , quite often multiply connected . Generation of quality finite element meshes on such domains , especially in cases when the mesh must be 100 % quadrilateral , is highly problematic . This paper describes mathematical fundamentals and practical - implementation of a powerful method and algorithm allowing transformation of multiply connected domains of arbitrary geometrical complexity into a set of simple domains ; the latter can then be processed by broadly available finite element mesh generators . The developed method was applied to a number of complex geometries , including those arising in analysis of parasitic inductances and capacitances in printed circuit boards . The quality of practical results produced by the method and its programming implementation provide evidence that the algorithm can be applied to other finite element models with various physical backgrounds

O O B I I I I O B I I I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O

quadrilateral mesh
domains transformation
parasitic capacitances
metal forming processes
structural engineering models
iterative basis
general domain subdivision algorithm
artificial cut
automatic step calculation


IT challenge : cross selling -LSB- finance -RSB- Like most financial institutions , FleetBoston , Fidelity and Berkshire Group of Companies are being charged with developing a strong technology platform that will allow them to cross sell their products and services . They discuss their solutions , advice and technology choices

O O O B I O O O O O B I O B O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

cross selling
financial institutions
fleetboston
fidelity
berkshire group


Control of a heavy-duty robotic excavator using time delay control with integral sliding surface The control of a robotic excavator is difficult from the standpoint of the following problems : parameter variations in mechanical structures , various nonlinearities in hydraulic actuators and disturbance due to the contact with the ground . In addition , the more the size of robotic excavators increases , the more the length and mass of the excavator links ; the more the parameters of a heavy-duty excavator vary . A time-delay control with switching action -LRB- TDCSA -RRB- using an integral sliding surface is proposed in this paper for the control of a 21-ton robotic excavator . Through analysis and experiments , we show that using an integral sliding surface for the switching action of TDCSA is better than using a PD-type sliding surface . The proposed controller is applied to straight-line motions of a 21-ton robotic excavator with a speed level at which skillful operators work . Experiments , which were designed for surfaces with various inclinations and over broad ranges of joint motions , show that the proposed controller exhibits good performance

O O O O B I O O O O O B I I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

robotic excavator
integral sliding surface

time-delay control
robust control
motion control
trajectory control
dynamics
tracking
pressure control


Help-desk support is key to wireless success -LSB- finance -RSB- A well thought out help desk can make or break an institution 's mobile play . Schwab , Ameritrade and RBC are taking their support function seriously

O O O O O B O O B O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B O B O B O O O O O O

finance
help desk
schwab
ameritrade
rbc
wireless


Multivariable H/sub infinity / / mu feedback control design for high-precision wafer stage motion Conventional PID-like SISO controllers are still the most common in industry , but with performance requirements becoming tighter there is a growing need for advanced controllers . For the positioning devices in IC-manufacturing , plant interaction is a major performance-limiting factor . MIMO control can be invoked to tackle this problem . A practically feasible procedure is presented to design MIMO feedback controllers for electromechanical positioning devices , using H/sub infinity / / mu techniques . Weighting filters are proposed to straightforwardly and effectively impose performance and uncertainty specifications . Experiments show that MIMO control can considerably improve upon the performance with multiloop SISO control . Some problems are highlighted that are important for industrial practice , but lacking a workable solution

O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

ic manufacture
multivariable control systems
mimo systems
h/sub infinity / control
servo systems
model uncertainty
motion control
mechatronics
mu synthesis


Option pricing formulas based on a non-Gaussian stock price model Options are financial instruments that depend on the underlying stock . We explain their non-Gaussian fluctuations using the nonextensive thermodynamics parameter q . A generalized form of the Black-Scholes -LRB- BS -RRB- partial differential equation -LRB- 1973 -RRB- and some closed-form solutions are obtained . The standard BS equation -LRB- q = 1 -RRB- which is used by economists to calculate option prices requires multiple values of the stock volatility -LRB- known as the volatility smile -RRB- . Using q = 1.5 which well models the empirical distribution of returns , we get a good description of option prices using a single volatility

B I I O O O B I I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

nongaussian stock price model
financial instruments
option pricing formulas
nonextensive thermodynamics parameter
stock volatility
volatility smile
empirical distribution

black-scholes partial differential equation


Ultra-high speed positioning control of a gravure engraving unit using a discrete-time two-degree-of-freedom H/sub infinity / control The piezoelectric actuator has high-speed response in comparison with the electro-magnetic actuator . However , it is not easy to achieve both high-speed and high-precision response by feedforward control only because the piezoelectric element has nonlinear properties such as the hysteresis effect . Thus , feedback control is required to achieve good performance . We develop a control design method to achieve both high-speed and high-precision response for piezoelectric actuators using the discrete-time H/sub infinity / control method and the two-degree-of-freedom control scheme . The effectiveness of our proposed method has been shown by simulation and experimental results . The most important contribution of our study is that our method can be directly applied to commercial machines

O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I O O O B O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

gravure engraving unit
piezoelectric actuator
control design method
feedforward
nonlinear properties
hysteresis
feedback control

discrete-time two-degree-of-freedom h/sub infinity / control


Autonomous detection of crack initiation using surface-mounted piezotransducers In this paper we report on the application of an in situ health monitoring system , comprising an array of piezoceramic wafer elements , to the detection of fatigue degradation in metallic specimens exposed to cyclic loading . Lamb waves , transmitted through a beam test coupon , are sensed using small surface-mounted piezotransducer elements , and the signals are then autonomously analysed for indications relating to the onset of structural degradation . The experimental results confirm the efficacy of the approach and provide a demonstration of good robustness under realistic loading conditions , emphasizing the great potential for developing an automated in situ structural health monitoring system for application to fatigue-prone operational structures , such as aircraft

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O B I O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O B


NARX-based technique for the modelling of magneto-rheological damping devices This paper presents a methodology for identifying variable-structure nonlinear models of magneto-rheological dampers -LRB- MRD -RRB- and similar devices . Its peculiarity with respect to the mainstream literature is to be especially conceived for obtaining models that are structurally simple , easy to estimate and well suited for model-based control . This goal is pursued by adopting linear-in-the-parameters NARX models , for which an identification method is developed based on the minimization of the simulation error . This method is capable of selecting the model structure together with the parameters , thus it does not require a priori structural information . A set of validation tests is reported , with the aim of demonstrating the technique 's efficiency by comparing it to a widely accepted MRD modelling approach

O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O B O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O

modelling
magnetorheological damping
narx models
identification
minimization
simulation error
validation


Wireless-retail financial services : adoption ca n't justify the cost Slow adoption by retail investors , costly services and bankrupt vendors has prompted banks and brokerage firms to turn off their wireless applications

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O B I

banks
brokerage firms
wireless applications


Fast accurate MEG source localization using a multilayer perceptron trained with real brain noise Iterative gradient methods such as Levenberg-Marquardt -LRB- LM -RRB- are in widespread use for source localization from electroencephalographic -LRB- EEG -RRB- and magnetoencephalographic -LRB- MEG -RRB- signals . Unfortunately , LM depends sensitively on the initial guess , necessitating repeated runs . This , combined with LM 's high per-step cost , makes its computational burden quite high . To reduce this burden , we trained a multilayer perceptron -LRB- MLP -RRB- as a realtime localizer . We used an analytical model of quasistatic electromagnetic propagation through a spherical head to map randomly chosen dipoles to sensor activities according to the sensor geometry of a 4D Neuroimaging Neuromag-122 MEG system , and trained a MLP to invert this mapping in the absence of noise or in the presence of various sorts of noise such as white Gaussian noise , correlated noise , or real brain noise . A MLP structure was chosen to trade off computation and accuracy . This MLP was trained four times , with each type of noise . We measured the effects of initial guesses on LM performance , which motivated a hybrid MLP-start-LM method , in which the trained MLP initializes LM . We also compared the localization performance of LM , MLPs , and hybrid MLP-start-LMs for realistic brain signals . Trained MLPs are much faster than other methods , while the hybrid MLP-start-LMs are faster and more accurate than fixed-4-start-LM . In particular , the hybrid MLP-start-LM initialized by a MLP trained with the real brain noise dataset is 60 times faster and is comparable in accuracy to random-20-start-LM , and this hybrid system -LRB- localization error : 0.28 cm , computation time : 36 ms -RRB- shows almost as good performance as optimal-1-start-LM -LRB- localization error : 0.23 cm , computation time : 22 ms -RRB- , which initializes LM with the correct dipole location . MLPs trained with noise perform better than the MLP trained without noise , and the MLP trained with real brain noise is almost as good an initial guesser for LM as the correct dipole location

O O B I I O O B I O O B I I B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

meg source localization
multilayer perceptron
real brain noise
analytical model
quasistatic electromagnetic propagation
spherical head
white gaussian noise
correlated noise
iterative gradient methods

fast accurate localization
real-time localizer
computation accuracy
levenberg-marquardt method
forward model


Closed loop finite-element modeling of active constrained layer damping in the time domain analysis A three-dimensional finite-element closed-loop model has been developed to predict the effects of active-passive damping on a vibrating structure . The Golla-Hughes-McTavish method is employed to capture the viscoelastic material behavior in a time domain analysis . The parametric study includes the different control gains as well as geometric parameters related to the active constrained layer damping -LRB- ACLD -RRB- treatment . Comparisons are made among several ACLD models , the passive constrained model and the active damping model . The results obtained here reiterate that ACLD is somewhat better for vibration suppression than either the purely passive or the active system and provides higher structural damping with less control gain when compared to the purely active system . Since the ACLD performance can be reduced by the viscoelastic layer , the design of the ACLD model must be given a careful consideration in order to optimize the effect of passive damping

O O O O O B I I I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I

viscoelastic material
time domain analysis
active constrained layer damping
acld models
passive constrained model
active damping model
passive damping
vibration suppression
structural damping
viscoelastic layer


Use of neural networks in the analysis of particle size distribution by laser diffraction : tests with different particle systems The application of forward light scattering methods for estimating the particle size distribution -LRB- PSD -RRB- is usually limited by the occurrence of multiple scattering , which affects the angular distribution of light in highly concentrated suspensions , thus resulting in false calculations by the conventionally adopted algorithms . In this paper , a previously proposed neural network-based method is tested with different particle systems , in order to evaluate its applicability . In the first step of the study , experiments were carried out with solid-liquid suspensions having different characteristics of particle shape and size distribution , under varying solid concentrations . The experimental results , consisting of the angular distribution of light intensity , particle shape and suspension concentration , were used as input data in the fitting of neural network models -LRB- NN -RRB- that replaced the optical model to provide the PSD . The reference values of particle shape and PSD for the NN fitting were based on image analysis . Comparisons between the PSD values computed by the NN model and the reference values indicate that the method can be used in monitoring the PSD of particles with different shapes in highly concentrated suspensions , thus extending the range of application of forward laser diffraction to a number of systems with industrial interest

O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O

particle size distribution
laser diffraction
forward light scattering
multiple scattering
angular distribution of light
image analysis

neural network modeling
solid-liquid suspensions
particle shape distribution
pattern recognition
powdered materials
backpropagation algorithm
fraunhofer optical model
fluidized catalytic cracking


Flexible air-jet tooling for vibratory bowl feeder systems Vibratory bowl feeders -LRB- VBFs -RRB- are machines that feed various small parts in large volume automatic assembly systems . Their shortcomings , like inflexibility and the propensity to jam , stem from the use of mechanical orienting devices . Air jet based orienting devices can be implemented to overcome these limitations . Applications of passive and active air jet based orienting devices that replace conventional devices for the VBF are discussed . Passive devices , which reject incorrectly oriented parts , are discussed first . Active air jet based orienting devices are then introduced to further improve the flexibility of VBFs . Since active devices reorient parts into a desired orientation , the part motion under their influence is analyzed . A number of tests demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of these new orienting devices

O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I

vibratory bowl feeders
automatic assembly systems
active air jet
orienting devices


Completion to involution and semidiscretisations We discuss the relation between the completion to involution of linear over-determined systems of partial differential equations with constant coefficients and the properties of differential algebraic equations obtained by their semidiscretisation . For a certain class of `` weakly over-determined '' systems , we show that the differential algebraic equations do not contain hidden constraints , if and only if the original partial differential system is involutive . We also demonstrate how the formal theory can be used to obtain an existence and uniqueness theorem for smooth solutions of strongly hyperbolic systems and to estimate the drift off the constraints , if an underlying equation is numerically solved . Finally , we show for general linear systems how the index of differential algebraic equations obtained by semidiscretisations can be predicted from the result of a completion of the partial differential system

B O B O B O O O O O O B O B O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I I O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O

completion
involution
partial differential equations
semidiscretisations
constant coefficients
index
differential algebraic equations
uniqueness theorem
strongly hyperbolic systems


Time-integration of multiphase chemistry in size-resolved cloud models The existence of cloud drops leads to a transfer of chemical species between the gas and aqueous phases . Species concentrations in both phases are modified by chemical reactions and by this phase transfer . The model equations resulting from such multiphase chemical systems are nonlinear , highly coupled and extremely stiff . In the paper we investigate several numerical approaches for treating such processes . The droplets are subdivided into several classes . This decomposition of the droplet spectrum into classes is based on their droplet size and the amount of scavenged material inside the drops , respectively . The very fast dissociations in the aqueous phase chemistry are treated as forward and backward reactions . The aqueous phase and gas phase chemistry , the mass transfer between the different droplet classes among themselves and with the gas phase are integrated in an implicit and coupled manner by the second order BDF method . For this part we apply a modification of the code LSODE with special linear system solvers . These direct sparse techniques exploit the special block structure of the corresponding Jacobian . Furthermore we investigate an approximate matrix factorization which is related to operator splitting at the linear algebra level . The sparse Jacobians are generated explicitly and stored in a sparse form . The efficiency and accuracy of our time-integration schemes is discussed for four multiphase chemistry systems of different complexity and for a different number of droplet classes

O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O

multiphase chemistry
cloud drops
chemical species
chemical reactions
multiphase chemical systems
aqueous phase chemistry
gas phase chemistry
approximate matrix factorization
operator splitting
linear algebra
sparse jacobians

size-resolved cloud models
time-integration schemes
air pollution modelling


Abundance of mosaic patterns for CNN with spatially variant templates This work investigates the complexity of one-dimensional cellular neural network mosaic patterns with spatially variant templates on finite and infinite lattices . Various boundary conditions are considered for finite lattices and the exact number of mosaic patterns is computed precisely . The entropy of mosaic patterns with periodic templates can also be calculated for infinite lattices . Furthermore , we show the abundance of mosaic patterns with respect to template periods and , which differ greatly from cases with spatially invariant templates

O O B I O B O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I O O O B I O O B I O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

mosaic patterns
cnn
spatially variant templates
infinite lattices
finite lattices
boundary conditions

one-dimensional cellular neural network
spatial entropy
transition matrix


Bistability of harmonically forced relaxation oscillations Relaxation oscillations appear in processes which involve transitions between two states characterized by fast and slow time scales . When a relaxation oscillator is coupled to an external periodic force its entrainment by the force results in a response which can include multiple periodicities and bistability . The prototype of these behaviors is the harmonically driven van der Pol equation which displays regions in the parameter space of the driving force amplitude where stable orbits of periods 2n + or-1 coexist , flanked by regions of periods 2n +1 and 2n-1 . The parameter regions of such bistable orbits are derived analytically for the closely related harmonically driven Stoker-Haag piecewise discontinuous equation . The results are valid over most of the control parameter space of the system . Also considered are the reasons for the more complicated dynamics featuring regions of high multiple periodicity which appear like noise between ordered periodic regions . Since this system mimics in detail the less analytically tractable forced van der Pol equation , the results suggest extensions to situations where forced relaxation oscillations are a component of the operating mechanisms

B O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

harmonically driven stoker-haag piecewise discontinuous equation


Complex dynamics in nearly symmetric three-cell cellular neural networks The paper introduces a class of third-order nonsymmetric Cellular Neural Networks -LRB- CNNs -RRB- , and shows through computer simulations that they undergo a cascade of period doubling bifurcations which leads to the birth of a large-size complex attractor . A major point is that these bifurcations and complex dynamics happen in a small neighborhood of a particular CNN with a symmetric interconnection matrix

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B O O B I I

complex dynamics
cnn
period doubling bifurcations
symmetric interconnection matrix


A computational model of learned avoidance behavior in a one-way avoidance experiment We present a computational model of learned avoidance behavior in a one-way avoidance experiment . Our model employs the reinforcement learning paradigm and a temporal-difference algorithm to implement both classically conditioned and instrumentally conditioned components . The role of the classically conditioned component is to develop an expectation of future benefit that is a function of the learning system 's state and action . Competition among the instrumentally conditioned components determines the overt behavior generated by the learning system . Our model displays , in simulation , the reduced latency of the avoidance behavior during learning with continuing trials and the resistance to extinction of the avoidance response . These results are consistent with experimentally observed animal behavior . Our model extends the traditional two-process learning mechanism of Mowrer -LRB- 1947 -RRB- by explicitly defining the mechanisms of proprioceptive feedback , an internal clock , and generalization over the action space

O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O

computational model
learned avoidance behavior
reinforcement learning
instrumentally conditioned components
reduced latency
animal behavior
proprioceptive feedback
internal clock


Caring for your new lawyers In any given year , a striking number of lawyers are in a state of flux , from newly minted law school graduates looking for their first job , to senior litigators migrating to new challenges with new firms . The one certainty is that lawyers new to any firm need care and feeding in myriad ways . All of them need to know and understand three things : -LRB- 1 -RRB- the firm 's culture ; -LRB- 2 -RRB- the resources available to help them develop their practices ; and -LRB- 3 -RRB- where to get help and guidance for research and practice purposes . Obtaining a thorough understanding of a new firm 's workings may be the greatest research project lawyers face . How can a firm help its new lawyers learn what they need to know ? To offer an example , here are programs in place at my firm

O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


On Implicit Euler for high-order high-index DAEs The Implicit Euler method is seldom used to solve differential-algebraic equations -LRB- DAEs -RRB- of differential index r > or = 3 , since the method in general fails to converge in the first r - 2 steps after a change of stepsize . However , if the differential equation is of order d = r - 1 > or = 1 , an alternative variable-step version of the Euler method can be shown uniformly convergent . For d = r - 1 , this variable-step method is equivalent to the Implicit Euler except for the first r - 2 steps after a change of stepsize . Generalization to DAEs with differential equations of order d > r - 1 > or = 1 , and to variable-order formulas is discussed

O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

implicit euler method
differential index

differential-algebraic equations
convergence
stepsize change
variable-step method
variable-order formulas
linear multistep method
backward differentiation formula
initial value problem


Design , analysis and testing of some parallel two-step W-methods for stiff systems Parallel two-step W-methods are linearly-implicit integration methods where the s stage values can be computed in parallel . We construct methods of stage order q = s and order p = s with favourable stability properties . Generalizations for the concepts of A - and L-stability are proposed and conditions for stiff accuracy are given . Numerical comparisons on a shared memory computer show the efficiency of the methods , especially in combination with Krylov-techniques for large stiff systems

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I

large stiff systems
stage order
stability
shared memory computer

parallel two-step w-methods
linearly-implicit integration methods
differential equations
convergence analysis
krylov-techniques


On the relationship between parametric variation and state feedback in chaos control In this Letter , we study the popular parametric variation chaos control and state-feedback methodologies in chaos control , and point out for the first time that they are actually equivalent in the sense that there exist diffeomorphisms that can convert one to the other for most smooth chaotic systems . Detailed conversions are worked out for typical discrete chaotic maps -LRB- logistic , Henon -RRB- and continuous flows -LRB- Rossler , Lorenz -RRB- for illustration . This unifies the two seemingly different approaches from the physics and the engineering communities on chaos control . This new perspective reveals some new potential applications such as chaos synchronization and normal form analysis from a unified mathematical point of view

O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

parametric variation
chaos control
logistic
continuous flows
diffeomorphisms

state-feedback
henon map
rossler system
lorenz system


A new merging algorithm for constructing suffix trees for integer alphabets A new approach for constructing a suffix tree T/sub s / for a given string S is to construct recursively a suffix tree T/sub o / for odd positions , construct a suffix , tree T/sub e / for even positions from T/sub o / and then merge T/sub o / and T/sub e / into T/sub s / . To construct suffix trees for integer alphabets in linear time had been a major open problem on index data structures . Farach used this approach and gave the first linear-time algorithm for integer alphabets . The hardest part of Farach 's algorithm is the merging step . In this paper we present a new and simpler merging algorithm based on a coupled BFS -LRB- breadth-first search -RRB- . Our merging algorithm is more intuitive than Farach 's coupled DFS -LRB- depth-first search -RRB- merging , and thus it can be easily extended to other applications

O O B I O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O B I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

merging algorithm
index data structures
coupled bfs
suffix trees
integer alphabets
linear time

recursive construction
breadth-first search


A Blog in every law firm ? You do n't know today what you 'll want to know next year . Rather than trying to solve that problem , focus on providing simple tools to users that create valuable content across the firm . Individual contributions will be more visible , and you will have a searchable archive of your institutional memory and a simplified process for ensuring everyone is up to speed . Whether you embrace weblogs for their individual or institutional benefits , one thing is certain : They will become powerful tools for those who seek ways to more efficiently and intelligently manage information

O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


The importance of continuity : a reply to Chris Eliasmith In his reply to Eliasmith -LRB- see ibid. , vol .11 , p.417-26 , 2001 -RRB- Poznanski considers how the notion of continuity of dynamic representations serves as a beacon for an integrative neuroscience to emerge . He considers how the importance of continuity has come under attack from Eliasmith -LRB- 2001 -RRB- who claims : -LRB- i -RRB- continuous nature of neurons is not relevant to the information they process , and -LRB- ii -RRB- continuity is not important for understanding cognition because the various sources of noise introduce uncertainty into spike arrival times , so encoding and decoding spike trains must be discrete at some level

O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O B I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O

continuity
dynamic representations
integrative neuroscience
neurons
cognition
uncertainty
spike arrival times
spike trains


Limitations of delayed state feedback : a numerical study Stabilization of a class of linear time-delay systems can be achieved by a numerical procedure , called the continuous pole placement method -LSB- Michiels et al. , 2000 -RSB- . This method can be seen as an extension of the classical pole placement algorithm for ordinary differential equations to a class of delay differential equations . In -LSB- Michiels et al. , 2000 -RSB- it was applied to the stabilization of a linear time-invariant system with an input delay using static state feedback . In this paper we study the limitations of such delayed state feedback laws . More precisely we completely characterize the class of stabilizable plants in the 2D-case . For that purpose we make use of numerical continuation techniques . The use of delayed state feedback in various control applications and the effect of its limitations are briefly discussed

O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O

continuous pole placement method
delay differential equations
static state feedback
delayed state feedback
numerical continuation


Radianz and Savvis look to expand service in wake of telecom scandals -LSB- finance -RSB- With confidence in network providers waning , Radianz and Savvis try to prove their stability . Savvis and Radianz , which both specialize in providing the data-extranet components of telecommunication infrastructures , may see more networking doors open at investment banks , brokerage houses , exchanges and alternative-trading systems

B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O B O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O B I O B O O O

network providers
savvis
radianz
telecommunication infrastructures
investment banks
brokerage houses
exchanges


Local activity criteria for discrete-map CNN Discrete-time CNN systems are studied in this paper by the application of Chua 's local activity principle . These systems are locally active everywhere except for one isolated parameter value . As a result , nonhomogeneous spatiotemporal patterns may be induced by any initial setting of the CNN system when the strength of the system diffusion coupling exceeds a critical threshold . The critical coupling coefficient can be derived from the loaded cell impedance of the CNN system . Three well-known 1D map CNN 's -LRB- namely , the logistic map CNN , the magnetic vortex pinning map CNN , and the spiral wave reproducing map CNN -RRB- are introduced to illustrate the applications of the local activity principle . In addition , we use the cell impedance to demonstrate the period-doubling scenario in the logistic and the magnetic vortex pinning maps

B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I I I I O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

local activity criteria
loaded cell impedance
nonhomogeneous spatiotemporal patterns
critical coupling coefficient
logistic map cnn
magnetic vortex pinning map cnn
spiral wave reproducing map cnn

discrete-time cnn systems
difference equation
discrete-map cnn
chua's local activity principle
period-doubling