A feature-preserving volumetric technique to merge surface triangulations Several extensions and improvements to surface merging procedures based on the extraction of isosurfaces from a distance map defined on an adaptive background grid are presented . The main objective is to extend the application of these algorithms to surfaces with sharp edges and comers . In order to deal with objects of different length scales , the initial background grids are created using a Delaunay triangulation method and local voxelizations . A point enrichment technique that introduces points into the background grid along detected surface features such as ridges is used to ensure that these features are preserved in the final merged surface . The surface merging methodology is extended to include other Boolean operations between surface triangulations . The iso-surface extraction algorithms are modified to obtain the correct iso-surface for multi-component objects . The procedures are demonstrated with various examples , ranging from simple geometrical entities to complex engineering applications . The present algorithms allow realistic modelling of a large number of complex engineering geometries using overlapping components defined discretely , i.e. via surface triangulations . This capability is very useful for grid generation starting from data originated in measurements or images

O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B

merge surface triangulations
surface merging procedures
simple geometrical entities
complex engineering applications
overlapping components
images
adaptive background grid
sharp edges
delaunay triangulation method
local voxelizations
ridges
boolean operations
surface triangulations

point enrichment technique background grid


Computer program for calculating the p-value in testing process capability index C/sub pmk / Many process capability indices , including C/sub p / , C/sub pk / , and C/sub pm / , have been proposed to provide numerical measures on the process potential and performance . Combining the advantages of these indices , Pearn et al. -LRB- 1992 -RRB- introduced a new capability index called C/sub pmk / , which has been shown to be a useful capability index for processes with two-sided specification limits . In this paper , the authors implement the theory of a testing hypothesis using the natural estimator of C/sub pmk / , and provide an efficient Maple computer program to calculate the p-values . They also provide tables of the critical values for some commonly used capability requirements . Based on the test , they develop a simple step-by-step procedure for in-plant applications . The practitioners can use the proposed procedure to determine whether their process meets the preset capability requirement , and make reliable decisions

B I O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O B B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I

testing process capability index
computer program
process potential
testing hypothesis
natural estimator
maple
preset capability requirement
reliable decisions

process performance
in-plant applications
p-value calculation


IT : Utilities A look at five utilities to make your PCs more , efficient , effective , and efficacious

mobilemessenger
post-it software
easynotes
print shop pro
download accelerator plus


Speedera : Web without the wait There 's no greater testament to the utility of the Internet than the fact that hundreds of millions of people worldwide are willing to wait for Web pages as they build incrementally on screen . But while users may put up with the `` World Wide Wait , '' they definitely do n't like it . That 's where Content Delivery Networks come in . CDNs ca n't turn a footpath into a freeway , but they can help data in transit take advantage of shortcuts and steer clear of traffic jams . And while enhancing the responsiveness of Web interaction , CDNs also enhance the prospects of their clients , who need engaged visitors to keep their Web-based business models afloat . `` Our mission is to improve the quality of the Internet experience for end-users , '' says Gordon Smith , vice president of marketing at Speedera Networks in Santa Clara , California , `` and to enable Web-site operators to provide better delivery quality , performance , scalability , and security through an outsourced service model that slashes IT costs . ''

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B O O B O O B I I O O O O O O

content delivery networks
delivery quality
scalability
security
outsourced service model
web interaction
internet experience

web-site operators
world wide web
web-based business models


Web-based intelligent helpdesk-support environment With the advent of Internet technology , it is now feasible to provide effective and efficient helpdesk service over the global Internet to meet customers ' requirements and satisfaction . In this research , we have designed and developed a Web-based intelligent helpdesk-support environment , WebHotLine , to support the customer service centre of a large multinational corporation in the electronics industry . The paper describes the basic architecture of the environment that supports the major functions of Web-based fault information retrieval , online multilingual translation capability , different operating modes of video-conferencing for enhanced support and direct intelligent fault diagnosis by customers or customer support engineers . As a result , WebHotLine helps to save cost in eliminating the expensive overseas telephone charges , reduction in machine down time and number of on-site visits by service engineers as in traditional helpdesk environment

O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

web-based intelligent helpdesk-support environment


Bluetooth bites back It is now more than four years since we started to hear about Bluetooth , and from the user 's point of view very little seems to have happened since then . Paul Haddlesey looks at the progress , and the role Bluetooth may eventually play in your firm 's communications strategy

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I


PacketVideo . One step ahead of the streaming wireless market Go beyond the hype , however , and it 's clear that PacketVideo is making strides in delivering streaming multimedia content to wireless devices . For one thing , its technology , based on the industry-standard Motion Pictures Expert Group 4 -LRB- MPEG-4 -RRB- video encoder/decoder , actually works as promised . Secondly , the company has forged a broad-based band of alliances that not only will eventually help it reach potential customers down the road , but provides it financial support until the company can ramp up sales . The list of PacketVideo 's technology partners who are also investors-and who have pumped more than $ 121 million into the company-includes not just wireless device manufacturers , but content providers and semiconductor vendors , all of whom stand to benefit by increased sales of handheld wireless terminals

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I

packetvideo
wireless devices
wireless device manufacturers
content providers
semiconductor vendors
handheld wireless terminals


Surface micromachined paraffin-actuated microvalve Normally-open microvalves have been fabricated and tested which use a paraffin microactuator as the active element . The entire structure with nominal dimension of phi 600 mu m * 30 mu m is batch-fabricated by surface micromachining the actuator and channel materials on top of a single substrate . Gas flow rates in the 0.01-0 .1 sccm range have been measured for several devices with actuation powers ranging from 50 to 150 mW on glass substrates . Leak rates as low as 500 mu sccm have been measured . The normally-open blocking microvalve structure has been used to fabricate a precision flow control system of microvalves consisting of four blocking valve structures . The control valve is designed to operate over a 0.01-5 .0 sccm flow range at a differential pressure of 800 torr . Flow rates ranging from 0.02 to 4.996 sccm have been measured . Leak rates as low as 3.2 msccm for the four valve system have been measured

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O

paraffin microactuator
active element
channel materials
gas flow rates
actuation powers
leak rates
blocking valve structures
differential pressure
flow rates
50 to 150 mw
800 torr

surface micromachined microvalve
normally-open microvalves
600 micron
30 micron


WAM!Net : private pipes for electronic media `` We are the digital version of FedEx . We offer storage and intelligent workflow . '' The United States military - especially during war time - is pretty careful about the way it handles its workflow and communications . Before a company is awarded a government contract , the company and its technology are screened and verified . If the technology or its creators are n't trustworthy and secure , chances are they are n't getting by Uncle Sam . Record companies and publishing houses tend to feel the same way . After all , security is just as important to a record executive as it is to a Navy commander . WAM!Net , a Wide-Area Media network -LRB- hence , the name -RRB- passes muster with both . The company , which employs about 320 employees around the world , has 15000 customers including the US Navy and a host of record labels , publishing companies , healthcare providers , and advertising agencies , all of whom use its network as a way to transport , store , and receive data . `` We are the digital version of FedEx . We offer storage and intelligent workflow , '' says Murad Velani , executive vice president of sales and marketing for WAM!Net . `` We started out as purely transport and we 've become a digital platform . ''

O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O

united states military
record labels
publishing companies
healthcare providers
advertising agencies
intelligent workflow
electronic media
digital platform

wide-area media network
u.s. navy
wam!net
content creators
high-speed private network
atm technology
content information
publishing information
client-server format
asp format


Data allocation on wireless broadcast channels for efficient query processing Data broadcast is an excellent method for efficient data dissemination in the mobile computing environment . The application domain of data broadcast will be widely expanded in the near future , where the client is expected to perform complex queries or transactions on the broadcast data . To reduce the access latency for processing the complex query , it is beneficial to place the data accessed in a query close to each other on the broadcast channel . In this paper , we propose an efficient algorithm to determine the allocation of the data on the broadcast channel such that frequently co-accessed data are not only allocated close to each other , but also in a particular order which optimizes the performance of query processing . Our mechanism is based on the well-known problem named optimal linear ordering . Experiments are performed to justify the benefit of our approach

O O O B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

query processing
wireless broadcast channels
access latency
mobile computing

database broadcasting
access time
tuning time
broadcast program


Craigslist : virtual community maintains human touch If it works why change it ? This might have been the thought on the minds of dot com executives back when Internet businesses were booming , and most of the Web content was free . Web sites were overflowing with advertisements of every kind and size . Now that dot com principals know better , Web ads are no longer the only path to revenue generation . Community portals , however , never seemed to have many ads to begin with , and their content stayed truer to who they served . Many of them started off as simple places for users to list announcements , local events , want ads , real estate , and mingle with other local users . The author saw the need for San Franciscans to have a place to do all of that for free , without any annoying advertising , and ended up offering much more to his community with the creation of craigslist . '' -LSB- Polling users -RSB- was a good way for us to connect with our members , this is the way to operate successfully in situations like these - your members come first . ''

B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

virtual community
craigslist
internet businesses
web content
revenue generation
community portals
announcements
local events
want ads
real estate


North American carrier survey : simply the best Network Magazine carried out a North American carrier survey . Thousands of network engineers gave information on providers ' strengths and weaknesses across seven services : private lines , frame relay , ATM , VPNs , dedicated Internet access , Ethernet services , and Web hosting . Respondents also ranked providers on their ability to perform in up to eight categories including customer service , reliability , and price . Users rated more than a dozen providers for each survey . Carriers needed to receive at least 30 votes for inclusion in the survey . Readers were asked to rate carriers on up to nine categories using a scale of 1 -LRB- unacceptable -RRB- to 5 -LRB- excellent -RRB- . Not all categories are equally important . To try and get at these differences , Network Magazine asked readers to assign a weight to each category . The big winners were VPNs

B I I I O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O B O B O B I I O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B

north american carrier survey
private lines
frame relay
atm
vpns
dedicated internet access
ethernet services
web hosting
customer service
reliability
price


Data quality - unlocking the ROI in CRM While many organisations realise their most valuable asset is their customers , many more fail to realise the importance of auditing , maintaining and updating the information contained in their customer databases . Today 's growing awareness in the importance of data quality in relation to CRM and ROI will help change this attitude . In response , CRM vendors will follow suit and begin to differentiate themselves by offering data quality as part of an enterprise-wide data management methodology

O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O

customer relationships
return on investment


Extracting linguistic DNA : NStein goes to work for UPI It 's a tantalizing problem for categorization . United Press International -LRB- UPI -RRB- has more than 700 correspondents creating thousands of stories every week , running the gamut from business news to sports to entertainment to global coverage of America 's war on terrorism . And while UPI and others news services have mechanisms for adding keywords and categorizing their content , UPI recognized a need to add more automation to the process . With the recent growth and improvement in tools for Computer-Aided Indexing -LRB- CAI -RRB- , UPI undertook a process of looking at its needs and evaluating the many CAI tools out there . In the end , they chose technology from Montreal-based NStein Technologies . `` Our main objective was to acquire the best CAI tool to help improve our customers ' access and interaction with our content , '' says Steve Sweet , CIO at UPI . `` We examined a number of solutions , and NStein 's NServer suite clearly came out on top . The combination of speed , scalability , accuracy , and flexibility was what really sold us . ''

O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

united press international
upi
nstein technologies

electronic archive
wire service stories
computer-aided indexing


Swamped by data -LSB- storage -RSB- While the cost of storage has plummeted , the demand continued to climb and there are plenty of players out there offering solutions to a company 's burgeoning storage needs

O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

it personnel
resource management
disk capacity management
disk optimisation
file system automation
storage virtualisation
storage area networks
network attached storage


Winning post -LSB- mail systems -RSB- Businesses that take their mail for granted can end up wasting money as well as opportunities . Mike Stecyk , VP of marketing and lines of business at Pitney Bowes , suggests strategies for making more of a great opportunity

O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O

franking machines
folders
inserters
direct mail shots


Construction of double sampling s-control charts for agile manufacturing Double sampling -LRB- DS -RRB- X-control charts are designed to allow quick detection of a small shift of process mean and provides a quick response in an agile manufacturing environment . However , the DS X-control charts assume that the process standard deviation remains unchanged throughout the entire course of the statistical process control . Therefore , a complementary DS chart that can be used to monitor the process variation caused by changes in process standard deviation should be developed . In this paper , the development of the DS s-charts for quickly detecting small shift in process standard deviation for agile manufacturing is presented . The construction of the DS s-charts is based on the same concepts in constructing the DS X-charts and is formulated as an optimization problem and solved with a genetic algorithm . The efficiency of the DS s-control chart is compared with that of the traditional s-control chart . The results show that the DS s-control charts can be a more economically preferable alternative in detecting small shifts than traditional s-control charts

O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

agile manufacturing
process standard deviation
statistical process control
genetic algorithm

double sampling s-control charts
double sampling x-control charts
process mean shift detection


ERP systems implementation : Best practices in Canadian government organizations ERP -LRB- Enterprise resource planning -RRB- systems implementation is a complex exercise in organizational innovation and change management . Government organizations are increasing their adoption of these systems for various benefits such as integrated real-time information , better administration , and result-based management . Government organizations , due to their social obligations , higher legislative and public accountability , and unique culture face many specific challenges in the transition to enterprise systems . This motivated the authors to explore the key considerations and typical activities in government organizations adopting ERP systems . The article adopts the innovation process theory framework as well as the -LRB- Markus & Tanis , 2000 -RRB- model as a basis to delineate the ERP adoption process . Although , each adopting organization has a distinct set of objectives for its systems , the study found many similarities in motivations , concerns , and strategies across organizations

B I I O B I O B I I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

erp systems implementation
canadian government organizations
best practices
enterprise resource planning
administration
social obligations
public accountability
innovation process theory framework

integrated real-time information
result-based management
higher legislative accountability


Survey says ! -LSB- online world of polls and surveys -RSB- Many content managers miss the fundamental interactivity of the Web by not using polls and surveys . Using interactive features-like a poll or quiz-offers your readers an opportunity to become more engaged in your content . Using a survey to gather feedback about your content provides cost-effective data to help make modifications or plot the appropriate course of action . The Web has allowed us to take traditional market research and turn it on its ear . Surveys and polls can be conducted faster and cheaper than with telephone and mail . But if you are running a Web site , should you care about polls and surveys ? Do you know the difference between the two in Web-speak ?

O O O O O O O B O B O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O

site owners
world wide web
site feedback


Equilibrium swelling and kinetics of pH-responsive hydrogels : models , experiments , and simulations The widespread application of ionic hydrogels in a number of applications like control of microfluidic flow , development of muscle-like actuators , filtration/separation and drug delivery makes it important to properly understand these materials . Understanding hydrogel properties is also important from the standpoint of their similarity to many biological tissues . Typically , gel size is sensitive to outer solution pH and salt concentration . In this paper , we develop models to predict the swelling/deswelling of hydrogels in buffered pH solutions . An equilibrium model has been developed to predict the degree of swelling of the hydrogel at a given pH and salt concentration in the solution . A kinetic model has been developed to predict the rate of swelling of the hydrogel when the solution pH is changed . Experiments are performed to characterize the mechanical properties of the hydrogel in different pH solutions . The degree of swelling as well as the rate of swelling of the hydrogel are also studied through experiments . The simulations are compared with experimental results and the models are found to predict the swelling/deswelling processes accurately

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

ionic hydrogels
microfluidic flow
drug delivery
gel size
buffered ph solutions
equilibrium model
mechanical properties

ph-responsive hydrogels
muscle-like actuators
filtration/separation
swelling/deswelling


Optical actuation of a bistable MEMS This paper presents an optical actuation scheme for MEMS devices based on the well-established fact that light possesses momentum , and hence , imparts a force equal to 2 W/c when reflected by a surface . Here , W is the total power of the reflected light , and c is the speed of light . Radiation pressure , as it is known , is nearly insignificant for most macroscale applications , but it can be quite significant for MEMS devices . In addition , light actuation offers a new paradigm . First , intersecting light beams do not interfere , in contrast to electrical conductors , which short when they come into contact . Second , light can operate in high temperature and high radiation environments far outside the capability of solid state electronic components . This actuation method is demonstrated , both in air and in vacuum , by switching the state of a bistable MEMS device . The associated heat transfer model is also presented

O O O O B I O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I I O O O

bistable mems
optical actuation scheme
radiation pressure
mems devices
intersecting light beams
high radiation environments
heat transfer model


Documentum completes CM Trifecta Daily , people participating in clinical trials for drug companies fill out forms describing how they feel physically and emotionally . For some trials , there are hundreds , possibly thousands , of participants . The drug companies must compile all the forms and submit them electronically to the FDA . That 's where Documentum comes in . `` We 've streamlined the whole process of managing clinical trial content for companies , such as Johnson & Johnson , Bristol Myers Squibb , and Pfizer , '' notes Documentum 's president and CEO Dave De Walt . `` And by the way , the FDA also is one of our customers , as well as the EPA and the FAA . '' And there are about 1,300 other organizations in various industries worldwide that rely on Documentum 's technologies , consulting , and training services . The company 's products are designed to manage digital content and facilitate online transactions , partner and supplier relationships , and ebusiness interactions

B O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

clinical trials
drug companies
fda
documentum
clinical trial content
training services


Web talk is cheap Web technology provides a wealth of opportunities for reaching potential customers . So how do you make it work for your business ?

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

website
web chat
collaborative browsing
customer service representative
call centre


Subject access to government documents in an era of globalization : intellectual bundling of entities affected by the decisions of supranational organizations As a result of the growing influence of supranational organizations , there is a need for a new model for subject access to government information in academic libraries . Rulings made by supranational bodies such as the World Trade Organization -LRB- WTO -RRB- and rulings determined under the auspices of transnational economic agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement -LRB- NAFTA -RRB- often supersede existing law , resulting in obligatory changes to national , provincial , state , and municipal legislation . Just as important is the relationship among private sector companies , third party actors such as nongovernmental organizations -LRB- NGOs -RRB- , and governments . The interaction among the various entities affected by supranational rulings could potentially form the basis of a new model for subject access to government information

O O O B I O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

government documents
globalization
intellectual bundling
supranational organizations
academic libraries
world trade organization
transnational economic agreements
north american free trade agreement
municipal legislation

national legislation
provincial legislation
state legislation


A high-resolution high-frequency monolithic top-shooting microinjector free of satellite drops - part II : fabrication , implementation , and characterization For pt . I , see ibid. , vol . 11 , no. 5 , p. 427-36 -LRB- 2002 -RRB- . Describes the fabrication , implementation and characterization of a thermal driven microinjector , featuring a bubble check valve and monolithic fabrication . Microfabrication of this microinjector is based on bulk/surface-combined micromachining of the silicon wafer , free of the bonding process that is commonly used in the fabrication of commercial printing head , so that even solvents and fuels can be ejected . Droplet ejection sequences of two microinjectors have been studied along with a commercial inkjet printhead for comparison . The droplet ejection of our microinjector with 10 mu m diameter nozzle has been characterized at a frequency over 35 kHz , at least 3 times higher than those of commercial counterparts . The droplet volume from this device is smaller than 1 pl , 10 times smaller than those of commercial inkjets employed in the consumer market at the time of testing . Visualization results have verified that our design , although far from being optimized , operates in the frequency several times higher than those of commercial products and reduces the crosstalk among neighboring chambers

O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O

satellite drops
thermal driven microinjector
bubble check valve
bonding process
inkjet printhead
nozzle
droplet volume
consumer market
crosstalk
35 khz

monolithic top-shooting microinjector
bulk/surface-combined micromachining
10 micron


The disconnect continues -LSB- digital content providers -RSB- The relationships between the people who buy digital content and those who sell it are probably more acrimonious than ever before , says Dick Curtis , a director and lead analyst for the research firm Outsell Inc. , where he covers econtent contract and negotiation strategies . Several buyers agree with his observation . They cite aggressive sales tactics , an unwillingness to deliver content in formats buyers need , a reluctance to provide licensing terms that take into account the structure of today 's corporations , and inadequate service and support as a few of the factors underlying the acrimony . Still , many buyers remain optimistic that compromises can be reached on some of these issues . But first , they say , sellers must truly understand the econtent needs of today 's enterprises

O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

digital content
econtent contract
sales tactics

econtent negotiation
econtent buyers
news databases
web site


Look into the future of content management Predictions of consolidation in the Content Management -LRB- CM -RRB- vendor arena have appeared in nearly every major industry prognosis over the past two years . Gartner Group , for example , recently reiterated its prediction that half the CM vendors in existence in mid-2001 would leave the marketplace by the end of 2002 . Analysts consistently advise prospective CM buyers to tread carefully because their vendor may not stick around . But fortunately , the story goes , fewer vendor choices will finally bring greater clarity and sharper differentiators to this otherwise very messy product landscape . In fact , the number of CM vendors continues to rise . Industry growth has come through greater demand among CM buyers , but also expanding product functionality as well as successful partnerships . The marketplace certainly can not sustain its current breadth of vendors in the long run , yet it remains unclear when and how any serious industry consolidation will occur . In the meantime , evolving business models and feature sets have created just the kind of clearer segmentation and transparent product differences that were supposed to emerge following an industry contraction

O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

content management
product functionality
partnerships
industry consolidation


Work in progress : Developing policies for access to government information in the New South Africa Following South Africa 's transition to democracy in 1994 , the SA government has adopted policies supporting freedom of expression and freedom of access to information . The Bill of Rights in the new Constitution includes a constitutional right of access to information held by the state . Since 1994 various initiatives have been taken by government and other bodies to promote such access . These include moves to reorganize government printing and publishing , restructure the government 's public information services , make government information available on the Internet , and extend telephony and Internet access to poor communities . SA 's new Legal Deposit Act , -LRB- 1997 -RRB- makes provision for the creation of official publications depositories . The Promotion of Access to Information Act , -LRB- 2000 -RRB- was enacted to ensure access to information held by the state and public bodies . However , despite much activity , it has proved difficult to translate principles into practical and well-coordinated measures to improve access to government information . A specific concern is the failure of policy-makers to visualize a role for libraries

O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I I I I O O B I I O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I I O O B I O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B

government information
south africa
freedom of expression
freedom of access to information
bill of rights
constitutional right of access
government printing
public information services
internet
official publications depositories
public bodies
libraries


An augmented spatial digital tree algorithm for contact detection in computational mechanics Based on the understanding of existing spatial digital tree-based contact detection approaches , and the alternating digital tree -LRB- ADT -RRB- algorithm in particular , a more efficient algorithm , termed the augmented spatial digital tree -LRB- ASDT -RRB- algorithm , is proposed in the present work . The ASDT algorithm adopts a different point representation scheme that uses only the lower comer vertex to represent a -LRB- hyper - -RRB- rectangle , with the upper comer vertex serving as the augmented information . Consequently , the ASDT algorithm can keep the working space the same as the original n-dimensional space and , in general , a much better balanced tree can be expected . This , together with the introduction of an additional bounding subregion for the rectangles associated with each tree node , makes it possible to significantly reduce the number of node visits in the region search , although each node visit may be slightly more expensive . Three examples arising in computational mechanics are presented to provide an assessment of the performance of the ASDT . The numerical results indicate that the ASDT is , at least , over 3.9 times faster than the ADT

O B I I I I O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

spatial binary tree-based contact detection approaches


Web content extraction . A WhizBang ! approach The extraction technology that Whizbang uses consists of a unique approach to scouring the Web for current , very specific forms of information . FlipDog , for example , checks company Web sites for hyperlinks to pages that list job opportunities . It then crawls to the deeper page and , using the WhizBang ! Extraction Framework , extracts the key elements of the postings , such as job title , name of employer , job category , and job function . Click on a job and you are transferred to the company Web site to view the job description as it appears there

B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O

web content extraction
flipdog
job description
company web sites

job-hunting site
whizbang! extraction framework


Soft options for software upgrades ? Several new products claim to take the work out of installing software and patches , and even migrating operating systems . Software migration products fall into two broad categories . The drive imaging type is designed to make exact copies of a hard disk , either an entire drive or certain directories , so you can use it to back up data . The application management type is designed for more incremental upgrades and often provides additional features such as the ability to monitor or control users ' access to applications

O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

software installation
microsoft windows
operating systems migration


The case for activity based management In today 's stormy economic climate businesses need Activity Based Management -LRB- ABM -RRB- more than ever before . In an economic downturn it is a vital tool for pinpointing a business ' most profitable customers , products , regions or channels , as well as uncovering the costs of individual business processes that may need to be improved in order to drive higher profit levels . Changes may be afoot in the ABM market , but Armstrong Laing Group CEO Mike Sherratt argues that businesses need specialists with an ABM focus to keep up with their requirements in such a climate . He looks at what benefits a ` best-of-breed ' ABM system can offer businesses and contends that businesses must choose carefully when going down the ABM route - and also ask themselves the question whether ` generalist ' organisations will be able to deliver the best possible ABM solution

O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

armstrong laing group
activity based management

activity based costing
best-of-breed abm


Cache invalidation and replacement strategies for location-dependent data in mobile environments Mobile location-dependent information services -LRB- LDISs -RRB- have become increasingly popular in recent years . However , data caching strategies for LDISs have thus far received little attention . In this paper , we study the issues of cache invalidation and cache replacement for location-dependent data under a geometric location model . We introduce a new performance criterion , called caching efficiency , and propose a generic method for location-dependent cache invalidation strategies . In addition , two cache replacement policies , PA and PAID , are proposed . Unlike the conventional replacement policies , PA and PAID take into consideration the valid scope area of a data value . We conduct a series of simulation experiments to study the performance of the proposed caching schemes . The experimental results show that the proposed location-dependent invalidation scheme is very effective and the PA and PAID policies significantly outperform the conventional replacement policies

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

cache replacement
cache invalidation
data caching

mobile location-dependent information services


PKI : coming to an enterprise near you ? For many years public key infrastructure -LRB- PKI -RRB- deployments were the provenance of governments and large , security-conscious corporations and financial institutions . These organizations have the financial and human resources necessary to successfully manage the complexities of a public key system . Lately however , several forces have converged to encourage a broader base of enterprises to take a closer look at PKI . These forces are discussed . PKI vendors are now demonstrating to customers how they can make essential business applications faster and more efficient by moving them to the Internet-without sacrificing security . Those applications usually include secure remote access , secure messaging , electronic document exchange , transaction validation , and network authentication . After a brief discussion of PKI basics the author reviews various products available on the market

B O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I I O B I O B I I O B I O O B I O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O

pki
public key infrastructure
security
secure remote access
secure messaging
electronic document exchange
transaction validation
network authentication

business-critical applications
e-commerce
ipsec vpns
pki vendors
baltimore technologies
entrust
geotrust
rsa security
verisign


Semantic data broadcast for a mobile environment based on dynamic and adaptive chunking Database broadcast is an effective and scalable approach to disseminate information of high affinity to a large collection of mobile clients . A common problem of existing broadcast approaches is the lack of knowledge for a client to determine if all data items satisfying its query could be obtained from the broadcast . We therefore propose a semantic-based broadcast approach . A semantic descriptor is attached to each broadcast unit , called a data chunk . This semantic descriptor allows a client to determine if a query can be answered entirely based on broadcast items and , if needed , identify the precise definition of the remaining items in the form of a `` supplementary '' query . Data chunks can be of static or dynamic sizes and organized hierarchically . Their boundary can be determined on-the-fly , adaptive to the nature of client queries . We investigate different ways of organizing the data chunks over a broadcast channel to improve access performance . We introduce the data affinity index metric , which more accurately reflects client-perceived performance . A simulation model is built to evaluate our semantic-based broadcast schemes

B I I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

semantic data broadcast
mobile clients
semantic descriptor
data affinity index
adaptive chunking

mobile databases
mobile computing
data chunking
query processing
answerability


Loop restructuring for data I/O minimization on limited on-chip memory embedded processors In this paper , we propose a framework for analyzing the flow of values and their reuse in loop nests to minimize data traffic under the constraints of limited on-chip memory capacity and dependences . Our analysis first undertakes fusion of possible loop nests intra-procedurally and then performs loop distribution . The analysis discovers the closeness factor of two statements which is a quantitative measure of data traffic saved per unit memory occupied if the statements were under the same loop nest over the case where they are under different loop nests . We then develop a greedy algorithm which traverses the program dependence graph to group statements together under the same loop nest legally to promote maximal reuse per unit of memory occupied . We implemented our framework in Petit , a tool for dependence analysis and loop transformations . We compared our method with one based on tiling of fused loop nest and one based on a greedy strategy to purely maximize reuse . We show that our methods work better than both of these strategies in most cases for processors such as TMS320Cxx , which have a very limited amount of on-chip memory . The improvements in data I/O range from 10 to 30 percent over tiling and from 10 to 40 percent over maximal reuse for JPEG loops

B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

loop restructuring
data traffic
embedded processors
program dependence graph
petit
fused loop nest
closeness factor

data i/o minimization
on-chip memory
loop fusion
data locality
dsp


Look who 's talking -LSB- voice recognition -RSB- Voice recognition could be the answer to the problem of financial fraud , but in the world of biometric technology , money talks

O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B O O O O

voice recognition
financial fraud
biometric


Implementing equals for mixed-type comparison The idea of comparing objects of different types is not entirely off base , in particular for classes from the same class hierarchy . After all , objects from the same class hierarchy -LRB- and by class hierarchy we mean all classes derived from a common superclass other than Object -RRB- have something in common , namely at least the superclass part . As we demonstrated in a previous paper -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , providing a correct implementation of a mixed-type comparison is a non-trivial task . In this article , we will show one way of implementing a mixed-type comparison of objects from the same class hierarchy that meets the requirements of the equals contract

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I

java
transitivity requirement
mixed-type comparison


Direct gear tooth contact analysis for hypoid bevel gears A new methodology for tooth contact analysis based on a very general mathematical model of the generating process is proposed . Considering the line of action as a first order singularity of a certain operator equation we develop first and second order conditions for a pair of generated gear tooth flanks to be in contact . The constructive approach allows the direct computation of the paths of contact as the solution of a nonlinear equation system including the exact determination of the bounds of the paths of contact . The transmission error as well as curvature properties in the contact points are obtained in a convenient way . The resulting contact ellipses approximate the bearing area . Through the use of automatic differentiation all the geometric quantities are calculable within the machine accuracy of the computer

B I I I I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I O O O O B I I O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O B I O O B

direct gear tooth contact analysis
hypoid bevel gears
mathematical model
generating process
first order singularity
operator equation
second order conditions
generated gear tooth flanks
nonlinear equation system
transmission error
curvature properties
contact ellipses
bearing area
automatic differentiation
geometric quantities
machine accuracy
computer

first order conditions
contact paths
exact bound determination


Modelling tomographic cone-beam projection data from a polyhedral phantom Analytical phantoms are used to generate projection data for testing reconstruction accuracy in computed axial tomography . A circular source locus -LRB- equivalent to rotating specimen with a fixed source -RRB- provides insufficient data for ` exact ' reconstruction in cone-beam transmission tomography , thus phantom data are useful for studying the consequent errors and also for investigating alternative scanning loci and reconstruction techniques . We present an algorithm that can compute phantom cone-beam projection data from a phantom comprising geometrically defined polyhedra . Each polyhedron is defined as a set of polygons enclosing a volume of fixed linear attenuation coefficient . The algorithm works by projecting each polygon in turn onto the modelled detector array , which accumulates the product of source to polygon intersection distance -LRB- for the rays intersecting each detector element -RRB- , linear attenuation coefficient and sign of projected polygon area -LRB- indicating whether rays enter or exit the polyhedron at this face -RRB- . The phantom data are rotated according to the projection angle , whilst the source location and detector plane remain fixed . Polyhedra can be of simple geometric form , or complex surfaces derived from 3D images of real specimens . This algorithm is illustrated using a phantom comprising 989 238 polygons , representing an iso-surface generated from a microtomographic reconstruction of a piece of walrus tusk

O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I

polyhedral phantom
reconstruction accuracy
computed axial tomography
alternative scanning loci
geometrically defined polyhedra
linear attenuation coefficient
microtomographic reconstruction
walrus tusk

tomographic cone-beam projection data
cone-beam transmission tomography
reconstruction software accuracy
x-ray attenuation
cumulative pixel array
interpolation
geometry file


If the RedBoot fits -LSB- open-source ROM monitor -RSB- Many embedded developers today use a ROM - or flash-resident software program that provides functionality such as loading and running application software , scripting , read/write access to processor registers , and memory dumps . A ROM monitor , as it is often called , can be a useful and far less expensive debugging tool than an in-circuit emulator . This article describes the RedBoot ROM monitor . It takes a look at the features offered by the RedBoot ROM monitor and sees how it can be configured . It also walks through the steps of rebuilding and installing a new RedBoot image on a target platform . Finally , it looks at future enhancements that are coming in new releases and how to get support and additional information when using RedBoot . Although RedBoot uses software modules from the eCos real-time operating system -LRB- RTOS -RRB- and is often used in systems running embedded Linux , it is completely independent of both operating systems . RedBoot can be used with any operating system or RTOS , or even without one

O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

redboot
scripting
memory dumps
debugging tool
ecos
embedded linux

open-source rom monitor
embedded systems
flash-resident software program
processor register access
bootstrapping
real-time operating system


Adaptable dialog boxes for cross-platform programming The author presents a framework for building dialog boxes that adapt to the look and feel of their platform . This method also helps with a few related problems : specifying cross-platform resources and handling dialog size changes due to localization . He uses a combination of XML , automatic layout , and run-time dialog creation to give you most of the benefits of platform-specific resources , without the associated pain . Source code with an implementation of the layout engine for Mac OS 9.1 -LRB- `` Carbon '' -RRB- , Mac OS X , and Microsoft Windows can be downloaded from the CUJ website at < www.cuj.com/code > . You can use this code as is , or as a starting point for your own more complete implementation

O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

dialog boxes
dialog size changes
localization
xml
automatic layout
mac os x
microsoft windows

cross-platform resources
run-time dialog creation
platform-specific resources
mac os 9.1
cross-platform programming
adaptable dialog boxes


From information gateway to digital library management system : a case analysis This paper discusses the design , implementation and evolution of the Cornell University Library Gateway using the case analysis method . It diagnoses the Gateway within the conceptual framework of definitions and best practices associated with information gateways , portals , and emerging digital library management systems , in particular the product ENCompass

O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B

digital library management system
cornell university library gateway
information gateways
portals
encompass


Improving the frequency stability of microwave oscillators by utilizing the dual-mode sapphire-loaded cavity resonator The design and experimental testing of a novel control circuit to stabilize the temperature of a sapphire-loaded cavity whispering gallery resonator-oscillator and improve its medium-term frequency stability is presented . Finite-element software was used to predict frequencies and quality factors of WGE/sub 7,0,0 / and the WGH/sub 9,0,0 / modes near 9 GHz , and separated in frequency by approximately 80 MHz . Calculations show that the novel temperature control circuits from the difference frequency can result in a frequency stability of better than one part in 10/sup 13 / at 270 K. Also , we present details on the best way to couple orthogonally to two modes of similar frequency but different polarization

O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

microwave oscillators
frequency stability
difference frequency
9 ghz
270 k


Cataloguing to help law library users The author takes a broader view of the catalogue than is usual ; we can include within it items that have locations other than the office/library itself . This may well start with Internet resources , but can perfectly appropriately continue with standard works not held in the immediate collection but available in some other accessible collection , such as the local reference library . The essential feature is to include entries for the kind of material sought by users , with the addition of a location mark indicating where they can find it

B O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O

law library users
cataloguing
internet resources
reference library
location mark


To classify or not to classify , that is the question ? In addressing classification issues , the librarian needs to decide what best suits the purpose and requirements of the user group and the organisation they work in . The author has used the well-established Moys Classification Scheme . This gives the level of detail required for current stock and allows for the incorporation of new material as the firm 's specialisations develop . The scheme is widely used in other firms as well as in the local law society library , so it will be familiar to many users

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O

moys classification scheme
law society library


Groove Networks . Matching technology with human needs If what has been occurring in information technology during the past decade or so can be classified as the `` Information Age , '' then going forward , I believe it 's going to be viewed more as the `` connection age '' , '' says Ray Ozzie , CEO and chairman of Groove Networks , the Beverly , Massachusetts company that produces collaboration software . `` We 're all going to be thinking more about the connections between people and the connections between companies , '' Ozzie says . `` Our mission has two parts : to help businesses achieve a greater `` return on connection '' from their relationships with customers , vendors , and partners ; and to help individuals strengthen online connections with the people with whom they interact . ''

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O

businesses
online connections
groove networks

server products
organizational perspective
personal perspective
online collaboration
knowledge work
collaborative technologies
inking technology


Kontiki . Shortcuts for content 's trip to the edge When electronic files get zapped from one location to another , you probably are n't thinking about the physical distance they must travel-or how that distance might affect the time it takes to get there . But if you work for CDN company Kontiki , this is just about all you think about . Championing a P2P-like `` bandwidth harvesting '' technology , Kontiki has figured out how to not only quickly distribute content to the `` edge '' but to utilize a combination of centralized servers and a network of enduser machines to collect , or `` harvest , '' underutilized bandwidth and make redundant file requests more efficient

B O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I O O

electronic files
kontiki
centralized servers
enduser machines
redundant file requests
underutilized bandwidth

p2p-like bandwidth harvesting technology


Taxonomy 's role in content management A taxonomy is simply a way of classifying things . Still , there is a rapidly growing list of vendors offering taxonomy software and related applications . They promise many benefits , especially to enterprise customers : Content management will be more efficient . Corporate portals will be enhanced by easily created Yahoo! - like directories of internal information . And the end-user experience will be dramatically improved by more successful content retrieval and more effective knowledge discovery . But today 's taxonomy products represent emerging technologies . They are not out-of-the-box solutions . And even the most automated systems require some manual assistance from people who know how to classify content

O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

taxonomy software
enterprise customers
content management
corporate portals
internal information
effective knowledge discovery


International swinging : making Swing components locale-sensitive Although Java and its GUI library Swing provide software developers with a highly customizable framework for creating truly `` international '' applications , the Swing library is not sensitive to locale switches : it can not automatically change an application 's appearance to conform to the conventions of a specific locale at run time . Several types of applications benefit from the ability to easily switch the language at run time . Training applications and other programs that run on computers in public spaces -LRB- such as libraries , airports , or government offices -RRB- may need to support multiple languages . Other applications -LRB- like travel dictionaries or translation programs -RRB- are inherently multilingual and are specifically designed to support users of dissimilar tongues . Such applications would greatly benefit if the user-interface language could be customized at run time . The article shows you how to customize Swing to support locale switching at run time . The author has created a new look-and-feel called the MLMetalLookandFeel -LRB- where ML stands for multilingual -RRB- . This new look-and-feel extends the standard Metal look-and-feel but is locale-sensitive at run time

O O O O O O O O B O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

java
gui library
swing library
travel dictionaries
translation programs
locale switching
mlmetallookandfeel


Mobile banking 's tough sell Banks are having to put their mobile-commerce projects on hold because the essential technology to make the services usable , in particular GPRS -LRB- general packet radio service -RRB- has n't become widely available . It is estimated that by the end of 2002 , only 5 per cent of adults will have GPRS phones . This will have a knock-on effect for other technologies such as clickable icons and multimedia messaging . In fact banking via WAP -LRB- wireless application protocol -RRB- has proved to be a frustrating and time-consuming process for the customer . Financial firms ' hopes for higher mobile usage are stymied by the fact that improvements to the systems wo n't happen as fast as they want and the inadequacies of the system go beyond immature technology . Financial services institutions should not wait for customers to become au fait with their WAP . Instead they should be the ones `` driving the traffic ''

O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

banking
gprs
wireless application protocol


The Tattletale technique Practical experience has taught many Java developers one thing : critical resources -LRB- mutexes , database connections , transactions , file handles , etc. -RRB- require timely and systematic release . Unfortunately , Java 's garbage collector is not up to that job . According to the Java Language Specification , there are no guarantees when a garbage collector will run , when it will collect an object , or when it will finalize an object - if ever . Even more unfortunately , Java 's counterpart to the C++ destructor -LRB- the finally block -RRB- is both tedious and error-prone , requiring developers to constantly remember and duplicate resource-releasing code . Consequently , even good Java developers can forget to release critical resources . There is a light at the end of the tunnel . Java may make it easier to leak critical resources , but it also provides the necessary mechanisms to easily track them down . The Tattletale technique is a simple method for designing new classes and retrofitting existing classes to quickly and easily detect the offending code responsible for leaking resources

O B I O O O O O B O O O O B I O B O B I O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

java
critical resources
mutexes
database connections
transactions
file handles
garbage collector
tattletale technique

resource-releasing code
resources leaking


Perfusion quantification using Gaussian process deconvolution The quantification of perfusion using dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI -LRB- DSC-MRI -RRB- requires deconvolution to obtain the residual impulse response function -LRB- IRF -RRB- . In this work , a method using the Gaussian process for deconvolution -LRB- GPD -RRB- is proposed . The fact that the IRF is smooth is incorporated as a constraint in the method . The GPD method , which automatically estimates the noise level in each voxel , has the advantage that model parameters are optimized automatically . The GPD is compared to singular value decomposition -LRB- SVD -RRB- using a common threshold for the singular values , and to SVD using a threshold optimized according to the noise level in each voxel . The comparison is carried out using artificial data as well as data from healthy volunteers . It is shown that GPD is comparable to SVD with a variable optimized threshold when determining the maximum of the IRF , which is directly related to the perfusion . GPD provides a better estimate of the entire IRF . As the signal-to-noise ratio -LRB- SNR -RRB- increases or the time resolution of the measurements increases , GPD is shown to be superior to SVD . This is also found for large distribution volumes

B I O B I I O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

perfusion quantification
gaussian process deconvolution
dynamic susceptibility contrast mri
residual impulse response function
singular value decomposition
noise level

optimized model parameters
capillary blood flow
mean transit time
optimized joint gaussian distribution
correlation length
likelihood function


Design patterns for high availability It is possible to achieve five-nines reliability with everyday commercial-quality hardware and software . The key is the way in which these components are combined . The design of high availability systems is based on a combination of redundant hardware components and software to manage fault detection and correction without human intervention . The author quickly reviews some definitions tied to high availability and fault management , and then goes on to discuss some hardware and software design patterns for fault tolerant systems

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I I

high availability systems
redundant hardware components
fault detection
software design patterns
fault tolerant systems

hardware reliability
software reliability
fault correction
checkpointing
software redundancy


Wave propagation related to high-speed train . A scaled boundary FE-approach for unbounded domains Analysis of wave propagation in solid materials under moving loads is a topic of great interest in railway engineering . The objective of the paper is three-dimensional modelling of high-speed train related ground vibrations ; in particular the question of how to account for the unbounded media is addressed . For efficient and accurate modelling of railway structural components taking the unbounded media into account , a hybrid method based on a combination of the conventional finite element method and scaled boundary finite element method is established . In the paper , element matrices and solution procedures for the scaled boundary finite element method -LRB- SBFEM -RRB- are derived . A non-linear finite element iteration scheme using Lagrange multipliers and coupling between the unbounded domain and the finite element domain are also discussed . Two numerical examples including one example demonstrating the dynamical response of a railroad section are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B O B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O B I O B I O O B I I I I O O O O O O O B I I I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O

nonlinear finite element iteration scheme


The role and future of subject classification : the exploitation of resources It is imperative that the library information systems -LRB- LIS -RRB- profession and LIS educators appreciate fully the contribution that classification makes to the discipline and that it is no longer seen as the domain of the academic , isolated theorist , but becomes an integral part of our understanding of the contribution that the LIS community can make to society as a whole - as well as to particular areas such as legal information

O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I

subject classification
library information systems
lis
legal information


Applying BGL to computational geometry The author applies Boost Graph Library to the domain of computational geometry . First , he formulates a concrete problem in graph terms . Second , he develops a way to transform the output of an existing algorithm into an appropriate Boost Graph Library data structure . Finally , he implements two new algorithms for my Boost Graph Library graph . The first algorithm gets the job done , but could have been written in any programming language . The second algorithm , however , shows the power of Boost Graph Library 's generic programming approach.Graphs , graphics , and generic programming combine in this novel use of the Boost Graph Library

O O O B I O O O B I I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I

boost graph library
computational geometry

boost libraries
c++
threads
smart pointers
graph-theoretic concepts
directed graph
file dependencies
bgl graph
generic programming approach


Three-dimensional particle image tracking for dilute particle-liquid flows in a pipe A three-dimensional -LRB- 3D -RRB- particle image tracking technique was used to study the coarse spherical particle-liquid flows in a pipe . The flow images from both the front view and the normal side view , which was reflected into the front view by a mirror , were recorded with a CCD camera and digitized by a PC with an image grabber card . An image processing program was developed to enhance and segment the flow image , and then to identify the particles . Over 90 % of all the particles can be identified and located from the partially overlapped particle images using the circular Hough transform . Then the 3D position of each detected particle was determined by matching its front view image to its side view image . The particle velocity was then obtained by pairing its images in successive video fields . The measurements for the spherical expanded polystyrene particle-oil flows show that the particles , like the spherical bubbles in laminar bubbly flows , tend to conglomerate near the pipe wall and to line up to form the particle clusters . As liquid velocity decreases , the particle clusters disperse and more particles are distributed in the pipe centre region

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O

ccd camera
3d position
particle clusters
hough transform

three-dimensional particle image tracking


An automated irradiation device for use in cyclotrons Two cyclotrons are being operated at IPEN-CNEN/SP : one model CV-28 , capable of accelerating protons with energies up to 24 MeV and beam currents up to 30 mu A , and three other particles ; the other one , model Cyclone 30 , accelerates protons with energy of 30 MeV and currents up to 350 mu A. Both have the objective of irradiating targets both for radioisotope production for use in nuclear medicine and general research . The development of irradiating systems completely automatized was the objective of this work , always aiming to reduce the radiation exposition dose to the workers and to increase the reliability of use of these systems

O B I I O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O

automated irradiation device
cyclotrons
protons
cyclone 30
radioisotope production
nuclear medicine
general research
radiation exposition dose


Detection of flaws in composites from scattered elastic-wave field using an improved mu GA and a local optimizer An effective technique for flaw detection of composites is proposed . In this technique , the detection problem is formulated as an optimization problem minimizing the difference between the measured and calculated surface displacement response derived from scattered elastic-wave fields . A combined optimization technique using an improved mu GA and a local optimizer is developed to solve the optimization problem so as to obtain the flaw parameters defining flaw configurations . Guidelines for implementing the detection technique , including formulation of the objective function of the optimization problem using different error norms , improvement of mu GA convergence performance , switching from mu GA to local optimizer in the optimization process , and suppression of the effect of noise on detection results , are addressed in detail . Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed detection technique

O O O O B O O O O O O B I I O O B I O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O B I O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

flaw detection
composites
improved mu ga
local optimizer
optimization problem
surface displacement response
flaw configurations
objective function
error norms
convergence

scattered elastic-wave field
noise effect suppression


Training for trouble In a security context , one example of digitized video 's integration into a networked knowledge base is found in the Accident Response Group -LRB- ARG -RRB- at Sandia National Labs . A `` national security laboratory '' headquartered in Albuquerque , New Mexico , Sandia is operated by Lockheed Martin and primarily funded by the U.S. Department of Energy . The organization handles research , design and development of all non-nuclear components used in U.S. nuclear weapons programs , and is involved as well in programs related to energy , critical infrastructure , non-proliferation , materials control , and emerging threats . ARG 's searchable video database has been implemented using the Screening Room package of applications from Convera in Vienna , Virginia . Formed in December 2000 from Excalibur Technologies and Intel 's Interactive Media Services Division , Convera targets corporate and institutional markets with products for securely accessing , indexing , and searching rich media content-text , images , audio , and video-across interconnected computer networks . Among its public-sector clients are the FBI , NASA , the Nuclear Regulatory Commission , U.S. military services , the Departments of Justice and State , and various domestic and foreign intelligence agencies

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I I O O O O B I I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

networked knowledge base
accident response group
sandia national labs
national security laboratory
searchable video database
screening room package

digitized video integration
u.s. nuclear weapons programs
rich media content
public-sector clients


Experimental investigations on monitoring and control of induction heating process for semi-solid alloys using the heating coil as sensor A method of monitoring the state of metal alloys during induction heating and control of the heating process utilizing the heating coil itself as a sensor is proposed , and its usefulness and effectiveness were experimentally investigated using aluminium A357 billets for the semi-solid metal -LRB- SSM -RRB- casting processes . The impedance of the coil containing the billet was continuously measured by the proposed method in the temperature range between room temperature and 700 degrees C . It was found that the reactance component of the impedance varied distinctively according to the billet state and could clearly monitor the deformation of the billet , while the resistance component increased with temperature , reflecting the variation of the resistivity of the billet which has strong correlation to the solid/liquid fraction of the billets . The measured impedance is very sensitive to the billet states such as temperature , deformation and solid/liquid fraction and could be used as a parameter to monitor and control the heating process for SSMs

O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

induction heating process
semisolid alloys
reactance component
billet state
resistance component

process monitoring
process control
semisolid metal casting
heating coil sensor
coil impedance
billet deformation
resistivity variation
solid/liquid fraction
solenoid coil
20 to 700 c


Syndicators turn to the enterprise Syndicators have started reshaping offerings , products , and services towards the marketplace that was looking for enterprise-wide content syndication technology and service . Syndication companies are turning themselves into infrastructure companies . Many syndication companies are now focusing their efforts on enterprise clients instead of the risky dot coms

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O

enterprise clients
infrastructure companies


Creating Web-based listings of electronic journals without creating extra work Creating up-to-date listings of electronic journals is challenging due to frequent changes in titles available and in URLs for electronic journal titles . However , many library users may want to browse Web pages which contain listings of electronic journals arranged by title and/or academic disciplines . This case study examines the development of a system which automatically exports data from the online catalog and incorporates it into dynamically-generated Web sites . These sites provide multiple access points for journals , include Web-based interfaces enabling subject specialists to manage the list of titles which appears in their subject area . Because data are automatically extracted from the catalog , overlap in updating titles and URLs is avoided . Following the creation of this system , usage of electronic journals dramatically increased and feedback has been positive . Future challenges include developing more frequent updates and motivating subject specialists to more regularly monitor new titles

O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

electronic journals
library
web pages
case study
online catalog
web sites
feedback

web-based listings
url
technical services
public services partnerships


Polarization of the RF field in a human head at high field : a study with a quadrature surface coil at 7.0 T The RF field intensity distribution in the human brain becomes inhomogeneous due to wave behavior at high field . This is further complicated by the spatial distribution of RF field polarization that must be considered to predict image intensity distribution . An additional layer of complexity is involved when a quadrature coil is used for transmission and reception . To study such complicated RF field behavior , a computer modeling method was employed to investigate the RF field of a quadrature surface coil at 300 MHz . Theoretical and experimental results for a phantom and the human head at 7.0 T are presented . The results are theoretically important and practically useful for high-field quadrature coil design and application

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

rf field intensity distribution
human brain
rf field polarization
quadrature surface coil
spatial distribution
image intensity distribution
computer modeling
300 mhz

high field mri
high-field coil design
whole-body mri
phantom samples
segmented images
3d multitissue head model
gradient echo images
finite difference time domain method
maxwell wave equations
reception fields
transmission fields
7.0 t


Development of a 3.5 inch magneto-optical disk with a capacity of 2.3 GB The recording capacity of GIGAMO media was enlarged from 1.3 GB to 2.3 GB for 3.5 inch magneto-optical -LRB- MO -RRB- disks while maintaining downward compatibility . For the new GIGAMO technology , a land and groove recording method was applied in addition to magnetically induced super resolution -LRB- MSR -RRB- media . Furthermore , a novel address format suitable for the land and groove recording method was adopted . The specifications of the new GIGAMO media were examined to satisfy requirements for practical use with respect to margins . Durability of more than 10/sup 6 / rewritings and an enough lifetime were confirmed

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O B O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O

recording capacity
gigamo media
magnetically induced super resolution
msr
address format
lifetime

magneto-optical disk
mo disks
land-groove recording method
rewriting durability
crosstalk
3.5 inch
2.3 gb
sin-gdfeco-gdfe-tbfeco-sin-al


A simple etalon-stabilized visible laser diode Visible laser diodes -LRB- LDs -RRB- are inexpensively available with single-transverse-mode , single-longitudinal-mode operation with a coherence length in the metre range . With constant current bias and constant operating temperature , the optical output power and operating wavelength are stable . A simple and inexpensive way is developed to maintain a constant LD temperature as the temperature of the local environment varies , by monitoring the initially changing wavelength with an external etalon and using this information to apply a heating correction to the monitor photodiode commonly integral to the LD package . The fractional wavelength stability achieved is limited by the solid etalon to 7 * 10/sup -6 / degrees C/sup -1 /

O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

visible laser diode
constant current bias
constant operating temperature
heating correction
monitor photodiode
fractional wavelength stability

etalon-stabilized laser diode
single-transverse-mode
single-longitudinal-mode
index-guided multi-quantum-well
closed-loop operation
feedback loop


P2P is dead , long live P2P Picture the problem : a sprawling multinational has hundreds of offices , thousands of workers , and countless amounts of intellectual property scattered here , there , everywhere . In Kuala Lumpur an executive needs to see an internally-generated report on oil futures in central Asia-but where is it ? London ? New York ? Moscow ? With a few clicks of the mouse-and the right P2P technology deployed in-house-that executive will find and retrieve the report . Without P2P that might be impossible-certainly it would be time-consuming-and , right there , the argument for P2P implementations inside enterprises becomes clear . Who are the players ? No companies have managed to stake out clear leads and the fact is that the P2P marketplace now is up for grabs-but the exciting news is that a range of small and startup businesses are trying to grab turf and quite probably , if the analysts are right , a few of these now little-known companies will emerge as digital content stars within the next few years . Cases in point : Groove Networks , Avaki , WorldStreet , Yaga , NextPage , and Kontiki . Very different companies-their approach to the markets radically differ-but , say the analysts , each is worth a close look because among them they are defining the future of P2P

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O B O B O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

p2p technology
digital content
businesses
groove networks
avaki
worldstreet
nextpage
kontiki
yaga


Handles and exception safety , Part 1 . A simple handle class Every C++ program that uses inheritance must manage memory somehow . The most obvious way to do so is directly , but programmers who create complicated data structures often have trouble figuring out what parts of those data structures are safe to delete when . The classical method of dealing with such complexity is to hide it in a class . Such classes are typically called handles ; the idea is to attach a handle object to another object that contains the actual data . The simplest form of a handle , which we have discussed in this article , is one in which each handle object corresponds to a single object from the inheritance hierarchy . Such handles are straightforward to use and to implement and tend to be intrinsically exception safe in almost all respects . The one exception hazard in such a class is typically the assignment operator . Assignment operators often test for self-assignment to avoid aliasing problems . As Herb Sutter has observed -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , programs that need such tests are almost always exception unsafe . By rewriting the assignment operator , we ensure that we do not do anything irrevocable until the possibility of throwing an exception has passed . This strategy ensures that if an exception occurs while our assignment operator is executing , we do not corrupt the rest of our system

B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O

handles
assignment operator
aliasing problems
exception
inheritance hierarchy


Networking in the palm of your hand -LSB- PDA buyer 's guide -RSB- As PDAs move beyond the personal space and into the enterprise , you need to get a firm grip on the options available for your users . What operating system do you choose ? What features do you and your company need ? How will these devices fit into the existing corporate infrastructure ? What about developer support ?

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O

pdas
operating system
corporate infrastructure
developer support


A discontinuous Galerkin method for transient analysis of wave propagation in unbounded domains A technique based on the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method is developed and applied to the derivation of an absorbing boundary condition for the analysis of transient wave propagation . The condition is exact in that only discretization error is involved . Furthermore , the computational cost associated with use of the condition is an order of magnitude lower than for conditions based on Green functions . The time-stepping scheme resulting from an implicit method in conjunction with this boundary condition appears to be unconditionally stable

O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O

discontinuous galerkin finite element method

time-stepping scheme
unconditional stability


Application of ultrasonic sensors in the process industry Continuous process monitoring in gaseous , liquid or molten media is a fundamental requirement for process control . Besides temperature and pressure other process parameters such as level , flow , concentration and conversion are of special interest . More qualified information obtained from new or better sensors can significantly enhance the process quality and thereby product properties . Ultrasonic sensors or sensor systems can contribute to this development . The state of the art of ultrasonic sensors and their advantages and disadvantages will be discussed . Commercial examples will be presented . Among others , applications in the food , chemical and pharmaceutical industries are described . Possibilities and limitations of ultrasonic process sensors are discussed

O O O O O O B I B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O

process industry
continuous process monitoring
process control
process quality
pharmaceutical industries

ultrasonic sensors application
food industries
chemical industries
acoustic microsensors
ultrasonic measurements
ultrasonic attenuation
acoustic impedance
temperature measurement
pressure measurement
level measurement
distance measurement
flow measurement


C and C++ : a case for compatibility Modern C and C++ are sibling languages descended from Classic C . In many people 's minds , they are -LRB- wrongly , but understandably -RRB- fused into the mythical C/C + + programming language . There is no C/C + + language , but there is a C/C + + community . Previously the author described some of the incompatibilities that complicate the work of developers within that C/C + + community . In this article , he discusses some of the underlying myths that help perpetuate these incompatibilities . He also shows why more compatibility -LRB- ideally , full compatibility -RRB- is in the best interest of the C/C + + community . In the next paper , he presents some examples of how the incompatibilities in C and C++ might be resolved

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O

c++ language
c language
object-oriented programming
class hierarchies
low-level programming
c++ libraries