An improved fuzzy MCDM model based on ideal and anti-ideal concepts Liang presented -LRB- 1999 -RRB- a fuzzy multiple criteria decision making -LRB- MCDM -RRB- method based on the concepts of ideal and anti-ideal points . Despite its merits , Liang method has the following limitations : -LRB- i -RRB- the objective criteria are converted into dimensionless indices and the subjective criteria are not converted , which may prevent compatibility for these criteria , -LRB- ii -RRB- the formulas for converting objective criteria are not reliable , and -LRB- iii -RRB- an unreliable ranking method , i.e. maximizing set and minimizing set , is applied to rank the fuzzy numbers . This paper applies the Hsu and Chen method and suggests a fuzzy number ranking method to propose an improved fuzzy MCDM model based on ideal and anti-ideal concepts to overcome the shortcomings of the Liang method . Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed ranking method and the improved model , respectively

O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

fuzzy mcdm model
dimensionless indices
fuzzy number ranking

ideal concepts
anti-ideal concepts
multicriterion decision-making


Quantum computing with spin qubits in semiconductor structures We survey recent work on designing and evaluating quantum computing implementations based on nuclear or bound-electron spins in semiconductor heterostructures at low temperatures and in high magnetic fields . General overview is followed by a summary of results of our theoretical calculations of decoherence time scales and spin-spin interactions . The latter were carried out for systems for which the two-dimensional electron gas provides the dominant carrier for spin dynamics via exchange of spin-excitons in the integer quantum Hall regime

B I O B I O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O B I I I

quantum computing
semiconductor heterostructures
low temperatures
high magnetic fields
spin dynamics
dominant carrier
integer quantum hall regime
spin qubits
semiconductor structures

spin-spin interactions
2d electron gas
2deg
spin-excitons exchange
integer qhe


A portable Auto Attendant System with sophisticated dialog structure An attendant system connects the caller to the party he/she wants to talk to . Traditional systems require the caller to know the full name of the party . If the caller forgets the name , the system fails to provide service for the caller . In this paper we propose a portable Auto Attendant System -LRB- AAS -RRB- with sophisticated dialog structure that gives a caller more flexibility while calling . The caller may interact with the system to request a phone number by providing just a work area , specialty , surname , or title , etc. . If the party is absent , the system may provide extra information such as where he went , when he will be back , and what he is doing . The system is built modularly , with components such as speech recognizer , language model , dialog manager and text-to-speech that can be replaced if necessary . By simply changing the personnel record database , the system can easily be ported to other companies . The sophisticated dialog manager applies many strategies to allow natural interaction between user and system . Functions such as fuzzy request , user repairing , and extra information query , which are not provided by other systems , are integrated into our system . Experimental results and comparisons to other systems show that our approach provides a more user friendly and natural interaction for auto attendant system

O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I

attendant system
fuzzy request
dialog manager
speech recognizer

auto attendant system
clear request
semantic frame
spoken dialog systems
telephone
telephone-based system


Ultrafast compound imaging for 2-D motion vector estimation : application to transient elastography This paper describes a new technique for two-dimensional -LRB- 2-D -RRB- imaging of the motion vector at a very high frame rate with ultrasound . Its potential is experimentally demonstrated for transient elastography . But , beyond this application , it also could be promising for color flow and reflectivity imaging . To date , only axial displacements induced in human tissues by low-frequency vibrators were measured during transient elastography . The proposed technique allows us to follow both axial and lateral displacements during the shear wave propagation and thus should improve Young 's modulus image reconstruction . The process is a combination of several ideas well-known in ultrasonic imaging : ultra-fast imaging , multisynthetic aperture beamforming , 1-D speckle tracking , and compound imaging . Classical beamforming in the transmit mode is replaced here by a single plane wave insonification increasing the frame rate by at least a factor of 128 . The beamforming is achieved only in the receive mode on two independent subapertures . Comparison of successive frames by a classical 1-D speckle tracking algorithm allows estimation of displacements along two different directions linked to the subapertures beams . The variance of the estimates is finally improved by tilting the emitting plane wave at each insonification , thus allowing reception of successive decorrelated speckle patterns

B I I O B I I I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I

ultrafast compound imaging
2d motion vector estimation
transient elastography
high frame rate
ultrasound
reflectivity imaging
human tissues
axial displacements
lateral displacements
shear wave propagation
ultrasonic imaging
multisynthetic aperture beamforming
1d speckle tracking algorithm
decorrelated speckle patterns
single plane wave insonification

two-dimensional imaging
2d imaging
colour flow imaging
young's modulus image reconstruction


Four-terminal quantum resistor network for electron-wave computing Interconnected ultrathin conducting wires or , equivalently , interconnected quasi-one-dimensional electron waveguides , which form a quantum resistor network , are presented here in four-terminal configurations . The transmission behaviors through such four-terminal networks are evaluated and classified . In addition , we show that such networks can be used as the basic building blocks for a possible massive wave computing machine in the future . In a network , each interconnection , a node point , is an elastic scatterer that routes the electron wave . Routing and rerouting of electron waves in a network is described in the framework of quantum transport from Landauer-Buttiker theory in the presence of multiple elastic scatterers . Transmissions through various types of four-terminal generalized clean Aharonov-Bohm rings are investigated at zero temperature . Useful logic functions are gathered based on the transmission probability to each terminal with the use of the Buttiker symmetry rule . In the generalized rings , even and odd numbers of terminals can possess some distinctly different transmission characteristics as we have shown here and earlier . Just as an even or odd number of atoms in a ring is an important quantity for classifying the transmission behavior , we show here that whether the number of terminals is an even or an odd number is just as important in understanding the physics of transmission through such a ring . Furthermore , we show that there are three basic classes of four-terminal rings and the scaling relation for each class is provided . In particular , the existence of equitransmission among all four terminals is shown here . This particular physical phenomena can not exist in any three-terminal ring . Comparisons and discussions of transmission characteristics between three-terminal and four-terminal rings are also presented . The node-equation approach by considering the Kirchhoff current conservation law at each node point is used for this analysis . Many useful logic functions for electron-wave computing are shown here . In particular , we show that a full adder can be constructed very simply using the equitransmission property of the four-terminal ring . This is in sharp contrast with circuits based on transistor logic

O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

interconnected ultrathin conducting wires

four-terminal quantum resistor network
electron-wave computing
quasi1d electron waveguides
landauer-buttiker theory
aharonov-bohm rings


Hardware and software platform for real-time processing and visualization of echographic radiofrequency signals In this paper the architecture of a hardware and software platform , for ultrasonic investigation is presented . The platform , used in conjunction with an analog front-end hardware for driving the ultrasonic transducers of any commercial echograph , having the radiofrequency echo signal access , make it possible to dispose of a powerful echographic system for experimenting any processing technique , also in a clinical environment in which real-time operation mode is an essential prerequisite . The platform transforms any echograph into a test-system for evaluating the diagnostic effectiveness of new investigation techniques . A particular user interface was designed in order to allow a real-time and simultaneous visualization of the results produced in the different stages of the chosen processing procedure . This is aimed at obtaining a better optimization of the processing algorithm . The most important platform aspect , which also constitutes the basic differentiation with respect to similar systems , is the direct processing of the radiofrequency echo signal , which is essential for a complete analysis of the particular ultrasound-media interaction phenomenon . The platform completely integrates the architecture of a personal computer -LRB- PC -RRB- giving rise to several benefits , such as the quick technological evolution in the PC field and an extreme degree of programmability for different applications . The PC also constitutes the user interface , as a flexible and intuitive visualization support , and performs some software signal processing , by custom algorithms and commercial libraries . The realized close synergy between hardware and software allows the acquisition and real-time processing of the echographic radiofrequency -LRB- RF -RRB- signal with fast data representation

O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

software platform
user interface
personal computer

echographic radiofrequency signal
real-time processing
data visualization
hardware platform
ultrasonic imaging
clinical diagnosis


Numerical modeling of the flow in stenosed coronary artery . The relationship between main hemodynamic parameters The severity of coronary arterial stenosis is usually measured by either simple geometrical parameters , such as percent diameter stenosis , or hemodynamically based parameters , such as the fractional flow reserve -LRB- FFR -RRB- or coronary flow reserve -LRB- CFR -RRB- . The present study aimed to establish a relationship between actual hemodynamic conditions and the parameters that define stenosis severity in the clinical setting . We used a computational model of the blood flow in a vessel with a blunt stenosis and an autoregulated vascular bed to simulate a stenosed blood vessel . A key point in creating realistic simulations is to properly model arterial autoregulation . A constant flow regulation mechanism resulted in CFR and FFR values that were within the physiological range , while a constant wall-shear stress model yielded unrealistic values . The simulation tools developed in the present study may be useful in the clinical assessment of single and multiple stenoses by means of minimally invasive methods

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O B I O O B I I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I

numerical modeling
hemodynamic parameters
coronary arterial stenosis
stenosis severity
clinical setting
computational model
blood flow
blunt stenosis
autoregulated vascular bed
simulation
stenosed blood vessel
arterial autoregulation
constant flow regulation mechanism
physiological range
minimally invasive methods


What 's in a name ? -LSB- mobile telephony branding -RSB- Mobile operators are frantically consolidating businesses into single international brands

O O O O O O O B I B O O O O O B I O O O O

mobile telephony
branding
consolidating businesses


A new method of regression on latent variables . Application to spectral data Several applications are based on the assessment of a linear model linking a set of variables Y to a set of predictors X . In the presence of strong colinearity among predictors , as in the case with spectral data , several alternative procedures to ordinary least squares -LRB- OLS -RRB- are proposed , We discuss a new alternative approach which we refer to as regression models through constrained principal components analysis -LRB- RM-CPCA -RRB- . This method basically shares certain common characteristics with PLS regression as the dependent variables play a central role in determining the latent variables to be used as predictors . Unlike PLS , however , the approach discussed leads to straightforward models . This method also bears some similarity to latent root regression analysis -LRB- LRR -RRB- that was discussed by several authors . Moreover , a tuning parameter that ranges between 0 and 1 is introduced and the family of models thus formed includes several other methods as particular cases

O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Local satellite Consumer based mobile satellite phone services went from boom to burn up in twelve months despite original forecasts predicting 10 million to 40 million users by 2005 . Julian Bright wonders what prospects the technology has now and if going regional might be one answer

O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Towards a NMR implementation of a quantum lattice gas algorithm Recent theoretical results suggest that an array of quantum information processors communicating via classical channels can be used to solve fluid dynamics problems . Quantum lattice-gas algorithms -LRB- QLGA -RRB- running on such architectures have been shown to solve the diffusion equation and the nonlinear Burgers equations . In this report , we describe progress towards an ensemble nuclear magnetic resonance -LRB- NMR -RRB- implementation of a QLGA that solves the diffusion equation . The methods rely on NMR techniques to encode an initial mass density into an ensemble of two-qubit quantum information processors . Using standard pulse techniques , the mass density can then manipulated and evolved through the steps of the algorithm . We provide the experimental results of our first attempt to realize the NMR implementation . The results qualitatively follow the ideal simulation , but the observed implementation errors highlight the need for improved control

O O B I O O B I I I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

nmr implementation
quantum lattice gas algorithm
quantum information processors
fluid dynamics problems
diffusion equation
nonlinear burgers equations
nuclear magnetic resonance


Presenting-a better mousetrap -LSB- Leeza outboard video signal processor -RSB- Scaling interlaced video to match high-resolution plasma , LCD , and DLP displays is a tough job , but Key Digital 's Leeza is zip to the tack . And it 's digitally bilingual , too . There 's no question that outboard video signal processors like Leeza help overcome the inherent limitations of fixed-pixel displays . Being able to match a native display rate with heavily processed video makes the viewing experience much more enjoyable . But it seemed that 70 % of the improvement in image quality came from using a digital interface to the DVD player , as most noise and picture artifacts are introduced in the analog video encoding process

O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

dlp displays
leeza
outboard video signal processors
heavily processed video

lcd displays
plasma displays
fixed-pixel displays


Record makers -LSB- UK health records -RSB- Plans for a massive cradle-to-grave electronic records project have been revealed by the government . Is the scheme really viable ?

O O O B I I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O

uk health records
electronic records project

integrated care records services
health care
social care


Rise of the supercompany -LSB- CRM -RSB- All the thoughts , conversations and notes of employees help the firm create a wider picture of business . Customer relationship management -LRB- CRM -RRB- feeds on data , and it is hungry

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O

central data repository
database
staff trained


On the discretization of double-bracket flows This paper extends the method of Magnus series to Lie-algebraic equations originating in double-bracket flows . We show that the solution of the isospectral flow Y ' = -LSB- -LSB- Y , N -RSB- , Y -RSB- , Y -LRB- O -RRB- = Y/sub 0 / in Sym -LRB- n -RRB- , can be represented in the form Y -LRB- t -RRB- = e/sup Omega -LRB- t -RRB- / Y/sub 0/e/sup - Omega -LRB- 1 -RRB- / , where the Taylor expansion of Omega can be constructed explicitly , term-by-term , identifying individual expansion terms with certain rooted trees with bicolor leaves . This approach is extended to other Lie-algebraic equations that can be appropriately expressed in terms of a finite `` alphabet ''

O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

magnus series
isospectral flow
taylor expansion
bicolor leaves

double-bracket flows discretization
lie-algebraic equations


A scalable and efficient systolic algorithm for the longest common subsequence problem A longest common subsequence -LRB- LCS -RRB- of two strings is a common subsequence of two strings of maximal length . The LCS problem is that of finding an LCS of two given strings and the length of the LCS . This problem has been the subject of much research because its solution can be applied in many areas . In this paper , a scalable and efficient systolic algorithm is presented . For two given strings of length m and n , where m > or = n , the algorithm can solve the LCS problem in m +2 r-1 -LRB- respectively n +2 r-1 -RRB- time steps with r < n/2 -LRB- respectively r < m/2 -RRB- processors . Experimental results show that the algorithm can be faster on multicomputers than all the previous systolic algorithms for the same problem

O O O O B I O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

systolic algorithm
longest common subsequence problem


Active pitch control in larger scale fixed speed horizontal axis wind turbine systems . I. linear controller design This paper reviews and addresses the principles of linear controller design of the fixed speed wind turbine system in above rated wind speed , using pitch angle control of the blades and applying modern control theory . First , the nonlinear equations of the system are built in under some reasonable suppositions . Then , the nonlinear equations are linearised at set operating point and digital simulation results are shown in this paper . Finally , a linear quadratic optimal feedback controller is designed and the dynamics of the closed circle system are simulated with digital calculation . The advantages and disadvantages of the assumptions and design method are also discussed . Because of the inherent characteristics of the linear system control theory , the performance of the linear controller is not sufficient for operating wind turbines , as is discussed

B I I O O O O O B I I I I O O B I I O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I I I I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O

linear system control theory
aerodynamics
drive train dynamics


The 3D visibility complex Visibility problems are central to many computer graphics applications . The most common examples include hidden-part removal for view computation , shadow boundaries , mutual visibility of objects for lighting simulation . In this paper , we present a theoretical study of 3D visibility properties for scenes of smooth convex objects . We work in the space of light rays , or more precisely , of maximal free segments . We group segments that `` see '' the same object ; this defines the 3D visibility complex . The boundaries of these groups of segments correspond to the visual events of the scene -LRB- limits of shadows , disappearance of an object when the viewpoint is moved , etc. -RRB- . We provide a worst case analysis of the complexity of the visibility complex of 3D scenes , as well as a probabilistic study under a simple assumption for `` normal '' scenes . We extend the visibility complex to handle temporal visibility . We give an output-sensitive construction algorithm and present applications of our approach

O B I I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O

3d visibility complex
computer graphics
view computation
shadow boundaries
lighting simulation
smooth convex objects
light rays
maximal free segments
visual events
probabilistic study
temporal visibility

hidden-part removal
mutual object visibility
worst case complexity analysis
normal scenes
output-sensitive construction algorithm


Topology-reducing surface simplification using a discrete solid representation This paper presents a new approach for generating coarse-level approximations of topologically complex models . Dramatic topology reduction is achieved by converting a 3D model to and from a volumetric representation . Our approach produces valid , error-bounded models and supports the creation of approximations that do not interpenetrate the original model , either being completely contained in the input solid or bounding it . Several simple to implement versions of our approach are presented and discussed . We show that these methods perform significantly better than other surface-based approaches when simplifying topologically-rich models such as scene parts and complex mechanical assemblies

O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I

topologically complex models
discrete solid representation
3d model
volumetric representation
scene parts
complex mechanical assemblies


Integrated optical metrology controls post etch CDs Control of the transistor gate critical dimension -LRB- CD -RRB- on the order of a few nanometers is a top priority in many advanced IC fabs . Each nanometer deviation from the target gate length translates directly into the operational speed of these devices . However , using in-line process control by linking the lithography and etch tools can improve CD performance beyond what each individual tool can achieve . The integration of optical CD metrology tools to etch mainframes can result in excellent etcher stability and better control of post-etch CDs

B I I O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O

integrated optical metrology
transistor gate critical dimension
ic fabs
target gate length
operational speed
optical cd metrology tools
etch mainframes
etcher stability
cd performance

post etch cd control
in-line process control
lithography tools
photolithography


Keeping Web accessibility in mind : I&R services for all After presenting three compelling reasons for making Web sites accessible to persons with a broad range of disabilities -LRB- it 's the morally right thing to do , it 's the smart thing to do from an economic perspective , and it 's required by law -RRB- , the author discusses design issues that impact persons with particular types of disabilities . She presents practical advice for assessing and addressing accessibility problems . An extensive list of resources for further information is appended , as is a list of sites which simulate the impact of specific accessibility problems on persons with disabilities

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B

web site accessibility
information and referral services


Evaluating the performance of a distributed database of repetitive elements in complete genomes The original version of the Repeat Sequence Database -LRB- RSDB -RRB- was created based on centralized database systems -LRB- CDBSs -RRB- . RSDB presently includes an enormous amount of data , with the amount of biological data increasing rapidly . Distributed RSDB -LRB- DRSDB -RRB- is developed to yield better performance . This study proposed many approaches to data distribution and experimentally determines the best approach to obtain good performance of our database . Experimental results indicate that DRSDB performs well for particular types of query

O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

biological data
data distribution
complete genomes
repetitive elements

distributed repeat sequence database
queries
performance evaluation


The rise and fall and rise again of customer care Taking care of customers has never gone out of style , but as the recession fades , interest is picking up in a significant retooling of the CRM solutions banks have been using . The goal : usable knowledge to help improve service

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I O O O O


Failures and successes : notes on the development of electronic cash Between 1997 and 2001 , two mid-sized communities in Canada hosted North America 's most comprehensive experiment to introduce electronic cash and , in the process , replace physical cash for casual , low-value payments . The technology used was Mondex , and its implementation was supported by all the country 's major banks . It was launched with an extensive publicity campaign to promote Mondex not only in the domestic but also in the global market , for which the Canadian implementation was to serve as a `` showcase . '' However , soon after the start of the first field test it became apparent that the new technology did not work smoothly . On the contrary , it created a host of controversies , in areas as varied as computer security , consumer privacy , and monetary policy . In the following years , few of these controversies could be resolved and Mondex could not be established as a widely used payment mechanism . In 2001 , the experiment was finally terminated . Using the concepts developed in recent science and technology studies -LRB- STS -RRB- , the article analyzes these controversies as resulting from the difficulties of fitting electronic cash , a new sociotechnical system , into the complex setting of the existing payment system . The story of Mondex not only offers lessons on why technologies fail , but also offers insight into how short-term failures can contribute to long-term transformations . This suggests the need to rethink the dichotomy of success and failure

O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

electronic cash
canada
mondex
major banks
publicity campaign
global market
canadian implementation
computer security
consumer privacy
monetary policy
payment mechanism
science and technology studies
sociotechnical system

low-value payments
short-term failures
long-term transformations


The network society as seen from Italy Italy was behind the European average in Internet development for many years , but a new trend , which has brought considerable change , emerged at the end of 1998 and showed its effects in 2000 and the following years . Now Italy is one of the top ten countries worldwide in Internet hostcount and the fourth largest in Europe . The density of Internet activity in Italy in proportion to the population is still below the average in the European Union , but is growing faster than Germany , the UK and France , and faster than the worldwide or European average . From the point of view of media control there are several problems . Italy has democratic institutions and freedom of speech , but there is an alarming concentration in the control of mainstream media -LRB- especially broadcast -RRB- . There are no officially declared restrictions in the use of the Internet , but several legal and regulatory decisions reveal a desire to limit freedom of opinion and dialogue and/or gain centralized control of the Net

O B I O O O B B O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B O O B O B O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O

network society
italy
european average
internet development
internet hostcount
europe
internet activity
european union
germany
uk
france
media control
democratic institutions
freedom of speech
mainstream media
regulatory decisions
centralized control

worldwide average
broadcast media
legal decisions


Community technology and democratic rationalization The objective of the paper is to explore questions of human agency and democratic process in the technical sphere through the example of `` virtual community . '' The formation of relatively stable long-term group associations -LRB- community in the broad sense of the term -RRB- , is the scene on which a large share of human development occurs . As such it is a fundamental human value mobilizing diverse ideologies and sensitivities . The promise of realizing this value in a new domain naturally stirs up much excitement among optimistic observers of the Internet . At the same time , the eagerness to place hopes for community in a technical system flies in the face of an influential intellectual tradition of technology criticism . This eagerness seems even more naive in the light of the recent commercialization of so much Internet activity . Despite the widespread skepticism , we believe the growth of virtual community is significant for an inquiry into the democratization of technology . We show that conflicting answers to the central question of the present theoretical debate - Is community possible on computer networks ? epsilon neralize from particular features of systems and software prevalent at different stages in the development of computer networking . We conclude that research should focus instead on how to design computer networks to better support community activities and values

B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O

community technology
democratic rationalization
human agency
democratic process
technical sphere
virtual community
human development
human value
diverse ideologies
optimistic observers
technical system
intellectual tradition
technology criticism
internet activity
conflicting answers
computer networks
computer networking
community activities


Modeling frequently accessed wireless data with weak consistency To reduce the response times of wireless data access in a mobile network , caches are utilized in wireless handheld devices . If the original data entry has been updated , the cached data in the handheld device becomes stale . Thus , a mechanism is required to predict when the cached copy will expire . This paper studies a weakly consistent data access mechanism that computes the time-to-live -LRB- TTL -RRB- interval to predict the expiration time . We propose an analytic model to investigate this TTL-based algorithm for frequently accessed data . The analytic model is validated against simulation experiments . Our study quantitatively indicates how the TTL-based algorithm reduces the wireless communication cost by increasing the probability of stale accesses . Depending on the requirements of the application , appropriate parameter values can be selected based on the guidelines provided

O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I I O O B I O B O O O B I I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

weak consistency
wireless data access
mobile network
caches
wireless handheld devices
data entry
analytic model
simulation experiments
wireless communication cost

frequently accessed wireless data modeling


The mutual effects of grid and wind turbine voltage stability control This note considers the results of wind turbine modelling and power system stability investigations . Voltage stability of the power grid with grid-connected wind turbines will be improved by using blade angle control for a temporary reduction of the wind turbine power during and shortly after a short circuit fault in the grid

O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O B I I O B I I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O

wind turbine voltage stability control
wind turbine modelling
power system stability
power grid
blade angle control
short circuit fault

grid voltage stability control
grid-connected wind turbines
wind turbine power reduction
offshore wind turbines


Access matters Discusses accessibility needs of people with disabilities , both from the perspective of getting the information from I&R programs -LRB- including accessible Web sites , TTY access , Braille , and other mechanisms -RRB- and from the perspective of being aware of accessibility needs when referring clients to resources . Includes information on ADA legislation requiring accessibility to public places and recommends several organizations and Web sites for additional information

O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O

accessibility needs
accessible web sites
tty access
braille
ada legislation
public places

disabled people
information and referral programs


eLeaders make the Web work Some companies are making the most of back-office/Web integration . Here are some winners

back-office/web integration
e-commerce
visual integrator
accpac etransact


Quadratic Newton iteration for systems with multiplicity Newton 's iterator is one of the most popular components of polynomial equation system solvers , either from the numeric or symbolic point of view . This iterator usually handles smooth situations only -LRB- when the Jacobian matrix associated to the system is invertible -RRB- . This is often a restrictive factor . Generalizing Newton 's iterator is still an open problem : How to design an efficient iterator with a quadratic convergence even in degenerate cases ? We propose an answer for an m-adic topology when the ideal m can be chosen generic enough : compared to a smooth case we prove quadratic convergence with a small overhead that grows with the square of the multiplicity of the root

B I I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

quadratic newton iteration
systems with multiplicity
polynomial equation system solvers
jacobian matrix
quadratic convergence


Simulating fermions on a quantum computer The real-time probabilistic simulation of quantum systems in classical computers is known to be limited by the so-called dynamical sign problem , a problem leading to exponential complexity . In 1981 Richard Feynman raised some provocative questions in connection to the `` exact imitation '' of such systems using a special device named a `` quantum computer '' . Feynman hesitated about the possibility of imitating fermion systems using such a device . Here we address some of his concerns and , in particular , investigate the simulation of fermionic systems . We show how quantum computers avoid the sign problem in some cases by reducing the complexity from exponential to polynomial . Our demonstration is based upon the use of isomorphisms of algebras . We present specific quantum algorithms that illustrate the main points of our algebraic approach

O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

quantum computer
classical computers
dynamical sign problem
exponential complexity
fermion systems
sign problem
isomorphisms
algebras

fermions simulation
real-time probabilistic simulation


A brief history of electronic reserves Electronic reserves has existed as a library service for barely ten years , yet its history , however brief , is important as an indicator of the direction being taken by the profession of Librarianship as a whole . Recent improvements in technology and a desire to provide better service to students and faculty have resulted in the implementation of e-reserves by ever greater numbers of academic libraries . Yet a great deal of confusion still surrounds the issue of copyright compliance . Negotiation , litigation , and legislation in particular have framed the debate over the application of fair use to an e-reserves environment , and the question of whether or not permission fees should be paid to rights holders , but as of yet no definitive answers or standards have emerged

O O O O B I B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

electronic reserves
library service
librarianship
students
faculty
academic libraries
copyright compliance
negotiation
litigation
legislation
permission fees


Oracle 's Suite grows up Once a low-cost Web offering , Oracle 's Small Business Suite now carries a price tag to justify VAR interest

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

oracle small business suite
netledger
accounting
resellers


Advancements during the past quarter century in on-line monitoring of motor and generator winding insulation Electrical insulation plays a critical role in the operation of motor and generator rotor and stator windings . Premature failure of the insulation can cost millions of dollars per day . With advancements in electronics , sensors , computers and software , tremendous progress has been made in the past 25 yr which has transformed on-line insulation monitoring from a rarely used and expensive tool , to the point where 50 % of large utility generators in North America are now equipped for such monitoring . This review paper outlines the motivation for online monitoring , discusses the transition to today 's technology , and describes the variety of methods now in use for rotor winding and stator winding monitoring

O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

generator winding insulation
electrical insulation
electronics
sensors
computers
software
stator windings

motor generator winding insulation
winding insulation on-line monitoring
premature insulation failure
rotor windings
temperature monitoring
condition monitors
tagging compounds
ozone monitoring
pd monitoring
magnetic flux monitoring
partial discharge monitoring
endwinding vibration monitoring


Approximation and complexity . II . Iterated integration For pt . I. see ibid. , no. 1 , p. 289-95 -LRB- 2001 -RRB- . We introduce two classes of real analytic functions W contained in/implied by U on an interval . Starting with rational functions to construct functions in W we allow the application of three types of operations : addition , integration , and multiplication by a polynomial with rational coefficients . In a similar way , to construct functions in U we allow integration , addition , and multiplication of functions already constructed in U and multiplication by rational numbers . Thus , U is a subring of the ring of Pfaffian functions . Two lower bounds on the L/sub infinity / - norm are proved on a function f from W -LRB- or from U , respectively -RRB- in terms of the complexity of constructing f

O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

real analytic functions
rational functions
addition
integration
multiplication
polynomial
pfaffian functions
lower bounds


Critical lines identification on voltage collapse analysis This paper deals with critical lines identification on voltage collapse analysis . It is known , from the literature , that voltage collapse is a local phenomenon that spreads around an initial neighborhood Therefore , identifying the system critical bus plays an important role on voltage collapse prevention . For this purpose , the system critical transmission lines should also be identified In this paper , these issues are addressed , yielding reliable results in a short computational time . Tests are done with the help of the IEEE-118 bus and the Southeastern Brazilian systems

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

critical transmission lines identification


Electronic reserves at University College London : understanding the needs of academic departments This article describes a recent project at University College London to explore the feasibility of providing a service to improve access to electronic course materials . Funded by the Higher Education Funding Council for England -LRB- HEFCE -RRB- , the project was not simply to set up an electronic reserve . By undertaking a needs analysis of academic departments , the project was able to tailor the design of the new service appropriately . While new initiatives in libraries are often established using project funding , this work was unique in being research-led . It also involved collaboration between library and computing staff and learning technologists

B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I

higher education funding council for england


A model for choosing an electronic reserves system : a pre-implementation study at the library of Long Island University 's Brooklyn campus This study explores the nature of electronic reserves -LRB- e-reserves -RRB- and investigates the possibilities of implementing the e-reserves at the Long Island University/Brooklyn Campus Library -LRB- LIU/BCL -RRB-

O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

long island university brooklyn campus library


Physical quantum algorithms I review the differences between classical and quantum systems , emphasizing the connection between no-hidden variable theorems and superior computational power of quantum computers . Using quantum lattice gas automata as examples , I describe possibilities for efficient simulation of quantum and classical systems with a quantum computer . I conclude with a list of research directions

B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O

physical quantum algorithms
classical systems
quantum computers
quantum lattice gas automata


Voltage control methods with grid connected wind turbines : a tutorial review Within electricity grid networks it is conventional for large-scale central generators to both provide power and control grid node voltage . Therefore when wind turbines replace conventional power stations on a substantial scale , they must not only generate power , but also control grid node voltages . This paper reviews the basic principles of voltage control for tutorial benefit and then considers application of grid-connected wind turbines for voltage control . The most widely used contemporary wind turbine types are considered and further detail is given for determining the range of variables that allow control

B I O O B I I I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

electricity grid networks
grid connected wind turbines
voltage control

large-scale central generators
grid node voltages control
reactive power
direct drive
variable speed
offshore wind park
squirrel cage induction generator
doubly fed induction generator
direct drive synchronous generator
weak grid
converter rating


Integration , the Web are key this season -LSB- tax -RSB- Integration and the Web are driving many of the enhancements planned by tax preparation software vendors for this coming season

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

accounting packages
tax packages
software integration
internet
cch
taxworks
people's choice
visual tax
gosystem tax rs
drake
netconnection
atx
cpasoftware
intuit
petz
taxsimple
ria


Permission grids : practical , error-bounded simplification We introduce the permission grid , a spatial occupancy grid which can be used to guide almost any standard polygonal surface simplification algorithm into generating an approximation with a guaranteed geometric error bound . In particular , all points on the approximation are guaranteed to be within some user-specified distance from the original surface . Such bounds are notably absent from many current simplification methods , and are becoming increasingly important for applications in scientific computing and adaptive level of detail control . Conceptually simple , the permission grid defines a volume in which the approximation must lie , and does not permit the underlying simplification algorithm to generate approximations outside the volume . The permission grid makes three important , practical improvements over current error-bounded simplification methods . First , it works on arbitrary triangular models , handling all manners of mesh degeneracies gracefully . Further , the error tolerance may be easily expanded as simplification proceeds , allowing the construction of an error-bounded level of detail hierarchy with vertex correspondences among all levels of detail . And finally , the permission grid has a representation complexity independent of the size of the input model , and a small running time overhead , making it more practical and efficient than current methods with similar guarantees

O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O B O O B I I I O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O

error-bounded simplification
user-specified distance


New kit on the block -LSB- IT upgrades -RSB- As time passes , new hardware and software replace the old . The hows are straightforward : IT resellers and consultants can help with upgrade practicalities . Will Dalrymple examines the business issues and costs involved in IT upgrades

O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O B I

it upgrades
business issues
costs
it resellers
consultants


New investors get steal of a deal -LSB- Global Crossing -RSB- Hutchison Telecommunications and Singapore Technologies take control of Global Crossing for a lot less money than they originally offered . The deal leaves the bankrupt carrier intact , but does n't put it in the clear just yet

O O O O O O O O B I O B I O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O

hutchison telecommunications
singapore technologies
global crossing
bankrupt


On generalized Gaussian quadratures for exponentials and their applications We introduce new families of Gaussian-type quadratures for weighted integrals of exponential functions and consider their applications to integration and interpolation of bandlimited functions . We use a generalization of a representation theorem due to Caratheodory to derive these quadratures . For each positive measure , the quadratures are parameterized by eigenvalues of the Toeplitz matrix constructed from the trigonometric moments of the measure . For a given accuracy epsilon , selecting an eigenvalue close to epsilon yields an approximate quadrature with that accuracy . To compute its weights and nodes , we present a new fast algorithm . These new quadratures can be used to approximate and integrate bandlimited functions , such as prolate spheroidal wave functions , and essentially bandlimited functions , such as Bessel functions . We also develop , for a given precision , an interpolating basis for bandlimited functions on an interval

O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O B O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I I I O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O

generalized gaussian quadratures
weighted integrals
exponential functions
integration
interpolation
bandlimited functions
eigenvalues
toeplitz matrix
trigonometric moments
prolate spheroidal wave functions
bessel functions

caratheodory representation theorem
approximation


A novel control logic for fast valving operations This letter proposes new control logic for operating parallel valves in fast valving schemes in order to improve the transient stability performance of power systems . A fast valving scheme using parallel valves overcomes many of the limitations of the conventional scheme . The proposed control logic for operating these valves has been applied to a typical single machine infinite bus system . Single as well as multiple stroke operations for controlling the turbine power output have been studied with the new control sequences . Encouraging results have been shown over the conventional schemes of fast valving

O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

control logic
transient stability performance
single machine infinite bus system
multiple stroke operations

parallel valves operation
single stroke operations
turbine power output control
transient stability


Information access for all : meeting the needs of deaf and hard of hearing people Discusses the nature of deafness and hearing impairments , with particular reference to the impact which the onset of hearing loss presents at various ages . The author goes on to present practical tips for interacting with deaf and hard of hearing clients in various communication contexts , including sightreading , TTY communications , and ASL interpreters . An annotated list of suggested readings is appended

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O B I O O B O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O

information access
hard of hearing clients
deafness
hearing impairments
communication contexts
sightreading
tty communications
asl interpreters


Where tech is cheap -LSB- servers -RSB- Talk , consultancy , support , not tech is the expensive part of network installations . It 's a good job that small-scale servers can either be remotely managed , or require little actual management

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B


International customers , suppliers , and document delivery in a fee-based information service The Purdue University Libraries library fee-based information service , the Technical Information Service -LRB- TIS -RRB- , works with both international customers and international suppliers to meet its customers ' needs for difficult and esoteric document requests . Successful completion of these orders requires the ability to verify fragmentary citations ; ascertain documents ' availability ; obtain pricing information ; calculate inclusive cost quotes ; meet customers ' deadlines ; accept international payments ; and ship across borders . While international orders make tip a small percent of the total workload , these challenging and rewarding orders meet customers ' needs and offer continuous improvement opportunities to the staff

B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

technical information service
international suppliers
international customers
document requests
document delivery
pricing information
inclusive cost quotes
international payments

purdue university libraries fee-based information service


Access to information for blind and visually impaired clients This article guides I&R providers in establishing effective communication techniques for working with visually impaired consumers . The authors discuss common causes of vision impairment and the functional implications of each and offer information on disability etiquette and effective voice , accessible media and in-person communication . There is an overview of assistive technologies used by people who are visually impaired-to facilitate written and electronic communications as well as low-tech solutions for producing large-print and Braille materials in-house . Providers who implement these communication techniques will be well equipped to serve visually-impaired consumers , and consumers will be more likely to avail themselves of these services when providers make them easily accessible

O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

visually impaired clients
communication techniques
disability etiquette
effective voice
accessible media
assistive technologies
electronic communications
braille materials

information access
blind clients
information and referral systems
in-person communication
written communications
large-print materials


Applying genetic algorithms to solve the fuzzy optimal profit problem This study investigated the application of genetic algorithms in solving a fuzzy optimization problem that arises in business and economics . In this problem , a fuzzy price is determined using a linear or a quadratic fuzzy demand function as well as a linear cost function . The objective is to find the optimal fuzzy profit , which is derived from the fuzzy price and fuzzy cost . Traditional methods for solving this problem are -LRB- 1 -RRB- the extension principle , and -LRB- 2 -RRB- using interval arithmetic and alpha - cuts . However , we argue that traditional methods for solving this problem are too restrictive to produce an optimal solution , and that an alternative approach is possibly needed . We use genetic algorithms to obtain an approximate solution for this fuzzy optimal profit problem without using membership functions . We not only give empirical examples to show the effectiveness of this approach , but also give theoretical proofs to validate correctness of the algorithm . We conclude that genetic algorithms can produce good approximate solutions when applied to solve fuzzy optimization problems

O B I O O O B I I I O O O O O O B I O O O B I I O O O B O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O

genetic algorithms
fuzzy optimization problem
fuzzy optimal profit problem
economics
business
fuzzy price
quadratic fuzzy demand function
linear cost function
approximate solution
theoretical proofs

linear fuzzy demand function
algorithm correctness validation


Remember e-commerce ? Yeah , well , it 's still here Sandy Kemper , the always outspoken CEO of successful e-commerce company eScout , offers his views on the purported demise of `` commerce '' in e-commerce , and what opportunities lie ahead for those bankers bold enough to act in a market turned tentative by early excesses

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O


Data assimilation of local model error forecasts in a deterministic model One of the most popular data assimilation techniques in use today are of the Kalman filter type , which provide an improved estimate of the state of a system up to the current time level , based on actual measurements . From a forecasting viewpoint , this corresponds to an updating of the initial conditions . The standard forecasting procedure is to then run the model uncorrected into the future , driven by predicted boundary and forcing conditions . The problem with this methodology is that the updated initial conditions quickly ` wash-out ' , thus , after a certain forecast horizon the model predictions are no better than from an initially uncorrected model . This study demonstrates that through the assimilation of error forecasts -LRB- in the present case made using so-called local models -RRB- entire model domains can be corrected for extended forecast horizons -LRB- i.e. long after updated initial conditions have become washed-out -RRB- , thus demonstrating significant improvements over the conventional methodology . Some alternate uses of local models are also explored for the re-distribution of error forecasts over the entire model domain , which are then compared with more conventional Kalman filter type schemes

B I O B I I I O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O

data assimilation
local model error forecasts
deterministic model
kalman filter
forcing conditions
forecast horizon


ClioWeb , ClioRequest , and Clio database : enhancing patron and staff satisfaction Faced with increased demand from students and faculty for a speedier and more user-friendly method of obtaining materials from other institutions , the interlibrary loan -LRB- ILL -RRB- department sought to implement a management system which would accomplish the task . Students wanted remote interconnectivity to the system and staff wanted increased workflow efficiency , reduced paper work , and better data management . This paper focuses on Washington College 's experience in selecting and implementing an interlibrary loan system , which would enhance student satisfaction as well as that of the library staff

B O B O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

clio database
cliorequest
clioweb
staff satisfaction
faculty
students
management system
remote interconnectivity
workflow efficiency
data management
washington college

patron satisfaction
interlibrary loan department
user-friendly method


Meshed atlases for real-time procedural solid texturing We describe an implementation of procedural solid texturing that uses the texture atlas , a one-to-one mapping from an object 's surface into its texture space . The method uses the graphics hardware to rasterize the solid texture coordinates as colors directly into the atlas . A texturing procedure is applied per-pixel to the texture map , replacing each solid texture coordinate with its corresponding procedural solid texture result . The procedural solid texture is then mapped back onto the object surface using standard texture mapping . The implementation renders procedural solid textures in real time , and the user can design them interactively . The quality of this technique depends greatly on the layout of the texture atlas . A broad survey of texture atlas schemes is used to develop a set of general purpose mesh atlases and tools for measuring their effectiveness at distributing as many available texture samples as evenly across the surface as possible . The main contribution of this paper is a new multiresolution texture atlas . It distributes all available texture samples in a nearly uniform distribution . This multiresolution texture atlas also supports MIP-mapped minification antialiasing and linear magnification filtering

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O B I I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I I

meshed atlases
texture atlas
object surface
texture space
graphics hardware
solid texture coordinates
colors
linear magnification filtering

real-time procedural solid texturing
one-to-one mapping
rasterization
rendering
multiresolution texture atlas
mip-mapped minification antialiasing


Flow measurement - future directions Interest in the flow of liquids and its measurement can be traced back to early studies by the Egyptians , the Chinese and the Romans . Since these early times the science of flow measurement has undergone a massive change but during the last 25 years or so -LRB- 1977-2002 -RRB- it has matured enormously . One of the principal reasons for this is that higher accuracies and reliabilities have been demanded by industry in the measurement of fiscal transfers and today there is vigorous interest in the subject from both the flowmeter manufacturer and user viewpoints . This interest is coupled with the development of advanced computer techniques in fluid mechanics together with the application of increasingly sophisticated electronics

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O B O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O

flow measurement
egyptians
chinese
romans
fiscal transfers
flowmeter manufacturer
advanced computer techniques
fluid mechanics

flow metering
signal processing
liquid flow
electronics application


Domesticating computers and the Internet The people who use computers and the ways they use them have changed substantially over the past 25 years . In the beginning highly educated people , mostly men , in technical professions used computers for work , but over time a much broader range of people are using computers for personal and domestic purposes . This trend is still continuing , and over a shorter time scale has been replicated with the use of the Internet . The paper uses data from four national surveys to document how personal computers and the Internet have become increasingly domesticated since 1995 and to explore the mechanisms for this shift . Now people log on more often from home than from places of employment and do so for pleasure and for personal purposes rather than for their jobs . Analyses comparing veteran Internet users to novices in 1998 and 2000 and analyses comparing the change in use within a single sample between 1995 and 1996 support two complementary explanations for how these technologies have become domesticated . Women , children , and less well-educated individuals are increasingly using computers and the Internet and have a more personal set of motives than well-educated men . In addition , the widespread diffusion of the PC and the Internet and the response of the computing industry to the diversity in consumers has led to a rich set of personal and domestic services

O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I

internet
highly educated people
technical professions
domestic purposes
national surveys
personal computers
novices
women
children
computing industry
domestic services

computer domestication
personal usage
veteran internet users
personal motives
pc diffusion
demographics
online behavior


Disability-related special libraries One of the ways that the federal government works to improve services to people with disabilities is to fund disability-related information centers and clearinghouses that provide information resources and referrals to disabled individuals , their family members , service providers , and the general public . The Teaching Research Division of Western Oregon University operates two federally funded information centers for people with disabilities : OBIRN -LRB- the Oregon Brain Injury Resource Network -RRB- and DB-LINK -LRB- the National Information Clearinghouse on Children who are Deaf-Blind -RRB- . Both have developed in-depth library collections and services in addition to typical clearinghouse services . The authors describe how OBIRN and DB-LINK were designed and developed , and how they are currently structured and maintained . Both information centers use many of the same strategies and tools in day-to-day operations , but differ in a number of ways , including materials and clientele

O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

federal government
information resources
western oregon university
obirn
oregon brain injury resource network
library collections

national information clearinghouse on children who are deaf-blind


Quantum computation for physical modeling One of the most famous American physicists of the twentieth century , Richard Feynman , in 1982 was the first to propose using a quantum mechanical computing device to efficiently simulate quantum mechanical many-body dynamics , a task that is exponentially complex in the number of particles treated and is completely intractable by any classical computing means for large systems of many particles . In the two decades following his work , remarkable progress has been made both theoretically and experimentally in the new field of quantum computation

B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I

quantum computation
physical modeling
quantum mechanical computing


Adaptive wavelet methods . II . Beyond the elliptic case This paper is concerned with the design and analysis of adaptive wavelet methods for systems of operator equations . Its main accomplishment is to extend the range of applicability of the adaptive wavelet-based method developed previously for symmetric positive definite problems to indefinite or unsymmetric systems of operator equations . This is accomplished by first introducing techniques -LRB- such as the least squares formulation developed previously -RRB- that transform the original -LRB- continuous -RRB- problem into an equivalent infinite system of equations which is now well-posed in the Euclidean metric . It is then shown how to utilize adaptive techniques to solve the resulting infinite system of equations . It is shown that for a wide range of problems , this new adaptive method performs with asymptotically optimal complexity , i.e. , it recovers an approximate solution with desired accuracy at a computational expense that stays proportional to the number of terms in a corresponding wavelet-best N-term approximation . An important advantage of this adaptive approach is that it automatically stabilizes the numerical procedure so that , for instance , compatibility constraints on the choice of trial spaces , like the LBB condition , no longer arise

B I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

adaptive wavelet methods
elliptic case
operator equations
least squares formulation
euclidean metric
asymptotically optimal complexity


Networking without wires Several types of devices use radio transmitters to send data over thin air . Are WLANs , wireless local area networks , the end to all cables ? Will Dalrymple weighs up the costs and benefits

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B

wireless local area networks
costs
benefits


An efficient and stable ray tracing algorithm for parametric surfaces In this paper , we propose an efficient and stable algorithm for finding ray-surface intersections . Newton 's method and Bezier clipping are adapted to form the core of our algorithm . Ray coherence is used to find starting points for Newton iteration . We introduce an obstruction detection technique to verify whether an intersection point found using Newton 's method is the closest . When Newton 's method fails to achieve convergence , we use Bezier clipping substitution to find the intersection points . This combination achieves a significant improvement in tracing primary rays . A similar approach successfully improves the performance of tracing secondary rays

O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

parametric surfaces
bezier clipping
ray coherence
newton iteration
obstruction detection technique
convergence

efficient stable ray tracing algorithm
ray-surface intersections
newton method
primary ray tracing
secondary ray tracing


Edison 's direct current influenced `` Broadway '' show lighting During the early decades of the 20 th century , midtown Manhattan in New York City developed an extensive underground direct current -LRB- DC -RRB- power distribution system . This was a result of the original introduction of direct current by Thomas Edison 's pioneering Pearl Street Station in 1882 . The availability of DC power in the theater district , led to the perpetuation of an archaic form of stage lighting control through nearly three-quarters of the 20 th century . This control device was known as a `` resistance dimmer . '' It was essentially a series-connected rheostat , but it was wound with a special resistance `` taper '' so as to provide a uniform change in the apparent light output of typical incandescent lamps throughout the travel of its manually operated arm . The development and use of DC powered stage lighting is discussed in this article

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O

manhattan
new york city
theater district
stage lighting control
resistance dimmer
apparent light output
incandescent lamps
dc powered stage lighting

underground direct current power distribution system


Pareto-optimal formulations for cost versus colorimetric accuracy trade-offs in printer color management Color management for the printing of digital images is a challenging task , due primarily to nonlinear ink-mixing behavior and the presence of redundant solutions for print devices with more than three inks . Algorithms for the conversion of image data to printer-specific format are typically designed to achieve a single predetermined rendering intent , such as colorimetric accuracy . We present two CIELAB to CMYK color conversion schemes based on a general Pareto-optimal formulation for printer color management . The schemes operate using a 149-color characterization data set selected to efficiently capture the entire CMYK gamut . The first scheme uses artificial neural networks as transfer functions between the CIELAB and CMYK spaces . The second scheme is based on a reformulation of tetrahedral interpolation as an optimization problem . Characterization data are divided into tetrahedra for the interpolation-based approach using the program Qhull , which removes the common restriction that characterization data be well organized . Both schemes offer user control over trade-off problems such as cost versus reproduction accuracy , allowing for user-specified print objectives and the use of constraints such as maximum allowable ink and maximum allowable AE * / sub ab / . A formulation for minimization of ink is shown to be particularly favorable , integrating both a clipping and gamut compression features into a single methodology

O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I I I I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I I O O O O

printer color management
redundant solutions
cielab to cmyk color conversion schemes
artificial neural networks
transfer functions
tetrahedral interpolation
optimization
tetrahedra
user control
cost versus reproduction accuracy
maximum allowable ink
constraints
gamut compression features
clipping
rendering intent


ICANN and Internet governance : leveraging technical coordination to realize global public policy The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers -LRB- ICANN -RRB- was created in 1998 to perform technical coordination of the Internet . ICANN also lays the foundations for governance , creating capabilities for promulgating and enforcing global regulations on Internet use . ICANN leverages the capabilities in the Internet domain name system -LRB- DNS -RRB- to implement four mechanisms of governance : authority , law , sanctions , and jurisdictions . These governance-related features are embodied in seemingly technical features of ICANN 's institutional design . Recognition of ICANN 's governance mechanisms allows us to better understand the Internet 's emerging regulatory regime

B O B I O O B I O O B I I O B I I I I I I O B O O O O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O B O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I

internet corporation for assigned names and numbers

internet dns
governance-related features


Clausal resolution in a logic of rational agency A resolution based proof system for a Temporal Logic of Possible Belief is presented . This logic is the combination of the branching-time temporal logic CTL -LRB- representing change over time -RRB- with the modal logic KD45 -LRB- representing belief -RRB- . Such combinations of temporal or dynamic logics and modal logics are useful for specifying complex properties of multi-agent systems . Proof methods are important for developing verification techniques for these complex multi-modal logics . Soundness , completeness and termination of the proof method are shown and simple examples illustrating its use are given

O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B I B O O O O O O O O B I B O O B O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

resolution based proof system
temporal logic
ctl
modal logic
kd45
belief
dynamic logics

branching-time temporal logic
multi-agent systems
multi-modal logics
rational agents


Accelerating filtering techniques for numeric CSPs Search algorithms for solving Numeric CSPs -LRB- Constraint Satisfaction Problems -RRB- make an extensive use of filtering techniques . In this paper we show how those filtering techniques can be accelerated by discovering and exploiting some regularities during the filtering process . Two kinds of regularities are discussed , cyclic phenomena in the propagation queue and numeric regularities of the domains of the variables . We also present in this paper an attempt to unify numeric CSPs solving methods from two distinct communities , that of CSP in artificial intelligence , and that of interval analysis

O B I O B I B I O O B I O B I I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I

search algorithms
numeric csps
constraint satisfaction problems
filtering techniques
artificial intelligence
interval analysis
propagation

csps-solving
extrapolation methods
pruning


Ten years of strategies to increase participation of women in computing programs . The Central Queensland University experience : 1999-2001 In the late eighties , the participation rate of women in information technology courses in most Australian Universities was around 25 % . This low level of women 's participation in computing courses occurs not only in Australia but also overseas . More studies indicate that the participation rates have not improved and in fact may be even further in decline . Participation rates in the workforce also appear to be in decline . Concerned at the imbalance within Australia , the Federal government directed all Australian Universities to increase the number of women in courses leading to a professional computing qualification -LRB- i.e. , information technology courses -RRB- to 40 % of students by 1995 . This paper details one Australian university 's approach , over a 10 year period -LRB- 1991-2001 -RRB- , to redress this imbalance . We provide examples of intervention strategies developed and the outcomes for these strategies . We present the outcomes against a background frame of the Australian Higher Education scene of that decade which was influenced by funding levels to universities in general and to equity programs in particular . We present data related to the participation of women in computing programs along with snapshots of the overall changing student demographics over this period

O O O O O O O O B O B I O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O B O O O

central queensland university
women
computing programs
demographics
australian higher education


Women in computing history Exciting inventions , innovative technology , human interaction , and intriguing politics fill computing history . However , the recorded history is mainly composed of male achievements and involvements , even though women have played substantial roles . This situation is not unusual . Most science fields are notorious for excluding , undervaluing , or overlooking the accomplishments of their female scientists . As Lee points out , it is up to the historians and others to remedy this imbalance . Steps have been taken towards this goal through publishing biographies on women in technology , and through honoring the pioneers with various awards such as the GHC '97 Pioneering Awards , the WITI Hall of Fame , and the AWC Lovelace Award . A few online sites contain biographies of women in technology . However , even with these resources , many women who have contributed significantly to computer science are still to be discovered

B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O


Pool halls , chips , and war games : women in the culture of computing Computers are becoming ubiquitous in our society and they offer superb opportunities for people in jobs and everyday life . But there is a noticeable sex difference in use of computers among children . This article asks why computers are more attractive to boys than to girls and offers a cultural framework for explaining the apparent sex differences . Although the data are fragmentary , the world of computing seems to be more consistent with male adolescent culture than with feminine values and goals . Furthermore , both arcade and educational software is designed with boys in mind . These observations lead us to speculate that computing is neither inherently difficult nor uninteresting to girls , but rather that computer games and other software might have to be designed differently for girls . Programs to help teachers instill computer efficacy in all children also need to be developed

O O O O O O O O O B O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O

women
culture of computing
sex difference
children
male adolescent culture
educational software
computer games
teachers


Female computer science doctorates : what does the survey of earned doctorates reveal ? Based on the National Center for Education Statistics -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , in the 1997-1998 academic year 26.7 % of earned bachelors ' degrees , 29.0 % of earned masters ' degrees and 16.3 % of earned doctorates ' degrees in computer science were awarded to women . As these percentages suggest , women are underrepresented at all academic levels in computer science -LRB- Camp , 1997 -RRB- . The most severe shortage occurs at the top level-the doctorate in computer science . We know very little about the women who persist to the top level of academic achievement in computer science . This paper examines a subset of data collected through the Survey of Earned Doctorates -LRB- SED -RRB- . The specific focus of this paper is to identify trends that have emerged from the SED with respect to females completing doctorates in computer science between the academic years 1990-1991 and 1999-2000 . Although computer science doctorates include doctorates in information science , prior research -LRB- Camp , 1997 -RRB- suggests that the percentage of women completing doctorates in information science as compared to computer science is low . The specific research questions are : 1 . How does the percentage of women who complete doctorates in computer science compare to those that complete doctorates in other fields ? 2 . How does the length of time in school and the sources of funding differ for females as compared to males who complete doctorates in computer science ? 3 . Where do women go after completing doctorates in computer science and what positions do they acquire ? How do these experiences differ from their male peers ?

B I I I O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

female computer science doctorates
survey of earned doctorates
information science


A framework for image deblurring using wavelet packet bases We show that the average over translations of an operator diagonal in a wavelet packet basis is a convolution . We also show that an operator diagonal in a wavelet packet basis can be decomposed into several operators of the same kind , each of them being better conditioned . We investigate the possibility of using such a convolution to approximate a given convolution -LRB- in practice an image blur -RRB- . Then we use these approximations to deblur images . First , we show that this framework permits us to redefine existing deblurring methods . Then , we show that it permits us to define a new variational method which combines the wavelet packet and the total variation approaches . We argue and show by experiments that this permits us to avoid the drawbacks of both approaches which are , respectively , ringing and staircasing

O O O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B

image deblurring
wavelet packet bases
convolution
operator diagonal
ringing
staircasing


An ACM-W literature review on women in computing The pipeline shrinkage problem for women in computer science is a well-known and documented phenomenon where the ratio of women to men involved in computing shrinks dramatically from early student years to working years . During the last decade , considerable research ensued to understand the reasons behind the existence of the shrinking pipeline and in some cases to take action to increase the numbers of women in computing . Through the work of a National Science Foundation funded project , ACM 's Committee on Women in Computing -LRB- ACM-W -RRB- has taken a first step towards pulling this research together . A large number of articles was gathered and processed on the topic of women in computing and the shrinking pipeline . The committee created a publicly available online database to organize the references of this body of work by topic , author , and reference information . The database , constantly being updated , is accessible through ACM-W 's website < http://www.acm.org/women > . A final report is also available via the ACM-W Web site which covers current statistics on women in computing , summaries of the literature in the database , and a set of recommendations . The article is a brief synopsis of a subset of the literature review as of August 2001

O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

acm-w literature review
acm committee on women in computing


Ten suggestions for a gender-equitable CS classroom Though considerable attention has been paid to the creation of a nurturing environment for women in the field of computer science , proposed solutions have primarily focused on activities outside of the classroom . This paper presents a list of suggestions for modifications to both the pedagogy and content of CS courses designed to make the CS classroom environment more inviting for women students

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I

cs classroom environment
computer science
nurturing environment
pedagogy
women students

gender-equitable classroom
cs course content


Women in computing around the world This paper describes the participation of women in computing in more than 30 countries , by focussing on participation at undergraduate level . A brief discussion covers how societal and cultural factors may affect women 's participation . Statistics from many different sources are presented for comparison . Generally , participation is low - most countries fall in the 10-40 % range with a few below 10 % and a few above 40 %

B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

undergraduate computing
societal factors


Verizon leapfrogs Sprint PCS with Q2 subscriber numbers The wireless carrier industry 's second-quarter results showed a surprising shift in market share as Sprint PCS fell from grace after a nearly four-year lead in subscriber additions and Verizon Wireless added considerably more customers than analysts expected

O O B I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O

wireless carrier industry
sprint pcs
verizon wireless


Encouraging women in computer science At a cost to both their own opportunities and society 's ability to produce people with much-needed technical skills , women continue to be underrepresented in computer science degree programs at both the undergraduate and graduate level . Although some of the barriers that women face have their foundations in cultural expectations established well before the college level , we believe that departments can take effective steps to increase recruitment and retention of women students . This paper describes several strategies we have adopted at Stanford over the past decade

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

technical skills
computer science degree programs
graduate level
cultural expectations

undergraduate level
women student recruitment
women student retention


The incredible shrinking pipeline We look at the harsh facts concerning the percentage of degrees awarded in CS to women . We study the trend of degrees awarded in CS since 1980 , and compare the trend in CS to other science and engineering disciplines . We consider the relationship between the percentage of degrees awarded to women by a CS department and the college the CS department is within . We find that CS departments in engineering colleges graduate , on average , proportionately fewer women than CS departments in non-engineering colleges . We request that the community respond to the facts and speculations presented in this article

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

pipeline shrinkage problem
computer science degrees


The canonical dual frame of a wavelet frame We show that there exist wavelet frames that have nice dual wavelet frames , but for which the canonical dual frame does not consist of wavelets , i.e. , can not be generated by the translates and dilates of a single function

O B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

gabor frames
multiresolution hierarchy
compact support


A round of cash , a pound of flesh -LSB- telecom -RSB- Despite the upheaval across telecom , venture capital firms are still investing in start-ups . But while a promising idea and a catchy name were enough to guarantee millions in funding at the peak of the dotcom frenzy , now start-ups must prove-their long-term viability , and be willing to concede control of their business to their VC suitors

O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O