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README.md
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MultiEURLEX of Chalkidis et al. (2021) comprises 65k EU laws in 23 official EU languages. Each EU law has been annotated with EUROVOC concepts (labels) by the Publication Office of EU. Each EUROVOC label ID is associated with a *label descriptor*, e.g., [60, agri-foodstuffs], [6006, plant product], [1115, fruit]. The descriptors are also available in the 23 languages. Chalkidis et al. (2019) published a monolingual (English) version of this dataset, called EUR-LEX, comprising 57k EU laws with the originally assigned gold labels.
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In this new version, dubbed Non-Parallel MultiEURLEX (incl. Translations), MultiEURLEX comprises non-parallel documents across 5 languages (English, German, French, Greek, and Slovak), i.e., 11,000 different documents per language, including also translations from English to the rest of the 4 available languages.
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### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
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The EU has 24 official languages. When new members join the EU, the set of official languages usually expands, except the languages are already included. MultiEURLEX covers 23 languages from seven language families (Germanic, Romance, Slavic, Uralic, Baltic, Semitic, Hellenic). EU laws are published in all official languages, except Irish, for resource-related reasons (Read more at https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/eu-languages_en). This wide coverage makes MultiEURLEX a valuable testbed for cross-lingual transfer. All languages use the Latin script, except for Bulgarian (Cyrillic script) and Greek. Several other languages are also spoken in EU countries. The EU is home to over 60 additional indigenous regional or minority languages, e.g., Basque, Catalan, Frisian, Saami, and Yiddish, among others, spoken by approx. 40 million people, but these additional languages are not considered official (in terms of EU), and EU laws are not translated to them.
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This version of MultiEURLEX covers 5 EU languages (English, German, French, Greek, and Slovak).
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## Dataset Structure
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"en2fr": "DU CONSEIL du 24 mai 1979 concernant l'aide financiere de la Communaute e l'eradication de la peste porcine africaine en Espagne (79/509/CEE)\nLE CONSEIL DES COMMUNAUTAS EUROPENNES ...",
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"en2de": "...",
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"en2el": "...",
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"
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},
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"labels": [
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1,
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**Monolingual use of the dataset**
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When the dataset is used in a monolingual setting selecting the ISO language code for one of the
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
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The original data are available at the EUR-LEX portal (https://eur-lex.europa.eu) in unprocessed formats (HTML, XML, RDF). The documents were downloaded from the EUR-LEX portal in HTML. The relevant EUROVOC concepts were downloaded from the SPARQL endpoint of the Publications Office of EU (http://publications.europa.eu/webapi/rdf/sparql).
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We inferred the labels for EUROVOC levels 1--3, by backtracking the EUROVOC hierarchy branches, from the originally assigned labels to their ancestors in levels 1--3, respectively.
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#### Who are the source language producers?
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### Annotations
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#### Annotation process
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All the documents of the dataset have been annotated by the Publications Office of EU (https://publications.europa.eu/en) with multiple concepts from EUROVOC (http://eurovoc.europa.eu/). EUROVOC has eight levels of concepts. Each document is assigned one or more concepts (labels). If a document is assigned a concept, the ancestors and descendants of that concept are typically not assigned to the same document. The documents were originally annotated with concepts from levels 3 to 8.
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Thus,
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#### Who are the annotators?
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### Other Known Limitations
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## Additional Information
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### Citation Information
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*
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*
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*Proceedings of
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```
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@InProceedings{xenouleas-etal-2022-realistic-multieurlex,
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author = {Xenouleas, Stratos
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MultiEURLEX of Chalkidis et al. (2021) comprises 65k EU laws in 23 official EU languages. Each EU law has been annotated with EUROVOC concepts (labels) by the Publication Office of EU. Each EUROVOC label ID is associated with a *label descriptor*, e.g., [60, agri-foodstuffs], [6006, plant product], [1115, fruit]. The descriptors are also available in the 23 languages. Chalkidis et al. (2019) published a monolingual (English) version of this dataset, called EUR-LEX, comprising 57k EU laws with the originally assigned gold labels.
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In this new version, dubbed "Non-Parallel MultiEURLEX (incl. Translations)", MultiEURLEX comprises non-parallel documents across 5 languages (English, German, French, Greek, and Slovak), i.e., 11,000 different documents per language, including also translations from English to the rest of the 4 available languages.
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### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
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The EU has 24 official languages. When new members join the EU, the set of official languages usually expands, except the languages are already included. MultiEURLEX covers 23 languages from seven language families (Germanic, Romance, Slavic, Uralic, Baltic, Semitic, Hellenic). EU laws are published in all official languages, except Irish, for resource-related reasons (Read more at https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/eu-languages_en). This wide coverage makes MultiEURLEX a valuable testbed for cross-lingual transfer. All languages use the Latin script, except for Bulgarian (Cyrillic script) and Greek. Several other languages are also spoken in EU countries. The EU is home to over 60 additional indigenous regional or minority languages, e.g., Basque, Catalan, Frisian, Saami, and Yiddish, among others, spoken by approx. 40 million people, but these additional languages are not considered official (in terms of EU), and EU laws are not translated to them.
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This version of MultiEURLEX covers 5 EU languages (English, German, French, Greek, and Slovak). It also includes machine-translated versions of the documents using the EasyNMT framework (https://github.com/UKPLab/EasyNMT) utilizing the many-to-many M2M_100_418M model of Fan et al. (2020) for el-to-en and el-to-de pairs and the OPUS-MT (Tiedemann et al., 2020) models for the rest.
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## Dataset Structure
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"en2fr": "DU CONSEIL du 24 mai 1979 concernant l'aide financiere de la Communaute e l'eradication de la peste porcine africaine en Espagne (79/509/CEE)\nLE CONSEIL DES COMMUNAUTAS EUROPENNES ...",
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"en2de": "...",
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"en2el": "...",
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"en2sk": "..."
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},
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"labels": [
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1,
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**Monolingual use of the dataset**
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When the dataset is used in a monolingual setting selecting the ISO language code for one of the 5 supported languages, or supported translation pairs in the form src2trg, where src and trg are ISO language codes, e.g., en2fr for English translated to French. For example:
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
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The original data are available at the EUR-LEX portal (https://eur-lex.europa.eu) in unprocessed formats (HTML, XML, RDF). The documents were downloaded from the EUR-LEX portal in HTML. The relevant EUROVOC concepts were downloaded from the SPARQL endpoint of the Publications Office of EU (http://publications.europa.eu/webapi/rdf/sparql).
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Chalkidis et al. (2021) stripped HTML mark-up to provide the documents in plain text format and inferred the labels for EUROVOC levels 1--3, by backtracking the EUROVOC hierarchy branches, from the originally assigned labels to their ancestors in levels 1--3, respectively.
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#### Who are the source language producers?
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[More Information Needed]
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### Annotations
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#### Annotation process
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All the documents of the dataset have been annotated by the Publications Office of EU (https://publications.europa.eu/en) with multiple concepts from EUROVOC (http://eurovoc.europa.eu/). EUROVOC has eight levels of concepts. Each document is assigned one or more concepts (labels). If a document is assigned a concept, the ancestors and descendants of that concept are typically not assigned to the same document. The documents were originally annotated with concepts from levels 3 to 8.
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Chalkidis et al. (2021)augmented the annotation with three alternative sets of labels per document, replacing each assigned concept by its ancestor from level 1, 2, or 3, respectively.
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Thus, Chalkidis et al. (2021) provide four sets of gold labels per document, one for each of the first three levels of the hierarchy, plus the original sparse label assignment.Levels 4 to 8 cannot be used independently, as many documents have gold concepts from the third level; thus many documents will be mislabeled, if we discard level 3.
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#### Who are the annotators?
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### Other Known Limitations
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[More Information Needed]
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## Additional Information
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### Citation Information
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*Stratos Xenouleas, Alexi Tsoukara, Giannis Panagiotakis Ilias Chalkidis, and Ion Androutsopoulos.*
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*Realistic Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer in Legal Topic Classification.*
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*Proceedings of 12th Hellenic Conference on Artificial Intelligence (SETN 2022). Corfu, Greece. 2022*
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```
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@InProceedings{xenouleas-etal-2022-realistic-multieurlex,
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author = {Xenouleas, Stratos
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