train.json

[
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The tungsten heavy alloy green parts are successfully manufactured by an innovative indirect 3D printing technology, powder extrusion printing.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"tungsten heavy alloy\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"green parts\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"powder extrusion printing\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Then the subsequent debinding-sintering process of the printed green parts is optimized to obtain a high-density and suitable-contiguity alloy.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"debinding-sintering\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"green part\"], \"Operation\": [\"optimized\"], \"Result\": [\"high\", \"suitable\"], \"Property\": [\"density\", \"contiguity\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Finally, a 96W-2.7Ni-1.3Fe alloy with a high density of ~99.1%, suitable contiguity of ~ 0.63, strength of ~801 MPa and elongation of ~22.1% is prepared by a two-step sintering process under H2 atmosphere.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"96W-2.7Ni-1.3Fe\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"alloy\", \"two-step\"], \"Property\": [\"density\", \"contiguity\", \"strength\", \"elongation\"], \"Number\": [\"~99.1\", \"~ 0.63\", \"~801\", \"~22.1\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"%\", \"MPa\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"sintering process\"], \"Environment\": [\"H2 atmosphere\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "After proper heat treatment, the strength and elongation of the as-sintered specimen are further improved to 838 MPa and 26.1%, respectively, which can be attributed to the reduction in the contiguity value of specimen, the enhancement of interfacial bonding force of W- \u03b3 interface, and the formation of the bridging mechanism of cracks.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"strength\", \"elongation\", \"contiguity\", \"bonding force\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"as-sintered\"], \"Material\": [\"specimen\"], \"Result\": [\"improved\", \"reduction\", \"enhancement\"], \"Number\": [\"838\", \"26.1\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"MPa\", \"%\"], \"Phase\": [\"W\", \"\\u03b3\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"interface\", \"cracks\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"formation\", \"bridging mechanism\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Rapid cooling rates and stochastic interactions between the heat source and feedstock in additive manufacturing (AM) result in strong anisotropy and process-induced defects deteriorating the tensile ductility and fatigue resistance of printed parts.",
        "output": "{\"Environment\": [\"Rapid cooling rates\", \"heat source\", \"feedstock\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"stochastic interactions\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"additive manufacturing\", \"AM\"], \"Result\": [\"strong\", \"deteriorating\"], \"Property\": [\"anisotropy\", \"tensile ductility\", \"fatigue resistance\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"process-induced\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"defects\", \"printed parts\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "We show that by deliberately introducing a high density of lack of fusion (LoF) defects, a processing regime that has been avoided so far, followed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP), we can print Ti-6Al-4V with reduced texture and combinations of strength (TS=1.0 \u00b1 3E-2 GPa) and ductility (\u03b5failure=20 \u00b1 1%) surpassing that of wrought, cast, forged, annealed, solution-treated and aged counterparts.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"introducing\"], \"Property\": [\"high density\", \"texture\", \"strength\", \"ductility\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"lack of fusion\", \"LoF\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"defects\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"hot isostatic pressing\", \"HIP\"], \"Material\": [\"Ti-6Al-4V\"], \"Result\": [\"reduced\"], \"Number\": [\"1.0 \\u00b1 3E-2\", \"20 \\u00b1 1\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"GPa\", \"%\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Such improvement is achieved through the formation of low aspect ratio \u03b1-grains around LoF defects upon healing, surrounded by \u03b1-laths.",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"improvement\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"formation\", \"healing\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"low aspect ratio\"], \"Phase\": [\"\\u03b1\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"grains\", \"laths\"], \"Environment\": [\"around\", \"surrounded by\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"LoF defects\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "This occurrence is attributed to surface energy reduction and recrystallization events taking place during the healing of LoF defects via HIP post-processing.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"surface energy\"], \"Result\": [\"reduction\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"recrystallization\", \"healing\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"LoF defects\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"HIP post-processing\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "During additive manufacturing process of alloys, element segregation is vital in determines the solidification structure and mechanical properties of components.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"additive manufacturing\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"element segregation\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"solidification structure\"], \"Property\": [\"mechanical properties\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "In this work, the solute trapping behavior and Nb segregation during laser additive manufacturing of a nickel-based superalloy are studied via a multi-scale model.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"solute trapping\", \"segregation\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Nb\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"laser additive manufacturing\"], \"Material\": [\"nickel-based superalloy\"], \"Operation\": [\"multi-scale model\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The temperature evolution of the molten pool is estimated by the macro-scale mass and heat transfer simulation, and the solute dynamics during solidification and the distribution of Nb element during terminal solidification are predicted by the micro-scale phase-field simulation.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"temperature evolution\", \"distribution\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"molten pool\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"macro-scale\", \"mass\", \"heat\", \"micro-scale\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"transfer\", \"solute dynamics\", \"solidification\", \"terminal solidification\"], \"Operation\": [\"simulation\", \"phase-field simulation\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Nb\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The results show that Nb concentration is closely related to the molten pool site-specific solidification conditions.",
        "output": "{\"Participating Material\": [\"Nb\"], \"Property\": [\"concentration\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"molten pool\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"site-specific\"], \"Environment\": [\"solidification conditions\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "From the bottom to the top of the molten pool, the average Nb concentration of the interdendritic region decreases gradually with the increase of the cooling rate.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"From the bottom to the top\", \"average\", \"gradually\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"molten pool\", \"interdendritic region\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Nb\"], \"Property\": [\"concentration\"], \"Result\": [\"decreases\"], \"Operation\": [\"increase of the cooling rate\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The droplet-like Nb distribution is found in the interdendritic region of the long-chain Laves phase.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"droplet-like\", \"long-chain\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Nb\"], \"Property\": [\"distribution\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"interdendritic region\"], \"Phase\": [\"Laves phase\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "In situ monitoring is required to improve the understanding and increase the reliability of additive manufacturing methods such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF).",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"n situ\"], \"Operation\": [\"monitoring\"], \"Result\": [\"improve the understanding\", \"increase the reliability\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"laser powder bed fusion\", \"LPBF\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Current diagnostic methods for LPBF capture optical images, X-ray radiographs, or measure the emission of thermal or acoustic signals from the component.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"Current diagnostic methods\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"optical images\"], \"Characterization\": [\"X-ray radiographs\", \"emission of thermal\", \"acoustic signals\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Herein, a methodology based on the thermal emission of electrons - thermionic emission - from the metal surface during LPBF is proposed which can resolve laser-material interaction dynamics.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"methodology\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"thermal emission of electrons\", \"thermionic emission\", \"laser-material interaction\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"metal surface\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"LPBF\"], \"Property\": [\"dynamics\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The high sensitivity of thermionic emission to surface temperature and surface morphology is revealed to enable precise determination of the transition between conduction and keyhole mode melting regimes.",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"high sensitivity\", \"transition\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"thermionic emission\", \"conduction\", \"keyhole mode\"], \"Environment\": [\"surface temperature\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"surface morphology\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"melting regimes\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Increases in thermionic emission are correlated to laser scanning conditions that give rise to pore formation and regions where surface defects are pronounced.",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"Increase\", \"pronounced\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"thermionic emission\"], \"Operation\": [\"laser scanning conditions\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"pore formation\", \"surface defects\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained considerable academic and industrial interest due to its ability to produce parts with complex geometries with the potential for local microstructural control.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"Additive manufacturing\", \"AM\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"complex geometries\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"local microstructural\"], \"Result\": [\"control\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "There is a fundamental gap in understanding how changes in process variables and alloy composition and thermodynamics affect additively manufactured parts.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"fundamental gap in understanding\"], \"Operation\": [\"changes\"], \"Environment\": [\"process variables\", \"thermodynamics\"], \"Property\": [\"alloy composition\"], \"Result\": [\"affect\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"additively manufactured\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"parts\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The present systematic study sheds light on the effects of alloying composition and corresponding phase diagram features on the printability and solidification microstructures of four binary nickel-based alloys, namely, Ni-20 at% Cu, Ni-5 at% Al, Ni-5 at% Zr, and Ni-8.8 at% Zr.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"effects\"], \"Property\": [\"alloying composition\", \"printability\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"solidification microstructures\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"binary\", \"nickel-based\", \"alloys\"], \"Material\": [\"Ni-20 at% Cu\", \"Ni-5 at% Al\", \"Ni-5 at% Zr\", \"Ni-8.8 at% Zr\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "These compositions are selected to represent binary isomorphous, weak solute partitioning, strong solute partitioning, and eutectic alloying conditions, respectively.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"compositions\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"binary\", \"weak\", \"strong\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"isomorphous\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"solute partitioning\"], \"Phase\": [\"eutectic\"], \"Environment\": [\"alloying conditions\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Single track and bulk experiments are conducted to quantify the effects of varying material thermodynamic properties such as solidification temperature ranges, alloy melting temperatures, and other solidification conditions on resultant microstructures across the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) parameter space.",
        "output": "{\"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"Single track\", \"bulk\"], \"Operation\": [\"effects\"], \"Property\": [\"thermodynamic properties\", \"solidification temperature ranges\", \"alloy melting temperatures\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"microstructures\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"laser powder bed fusion\", \"L-PBF\"], \"Environment\": [\"parameter space\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "A simple framework for developing processing maps detailing porosity formation and microsegregation across the laser power \u2013 scan speed parameter space is established and validated for each of these alloys to determine how material properties affect printability and microstructure in L-PBF.",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"processing maps\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"porosity formation\", \"microsegregation\"], \"Environment\": [\"laser power\", \"scan speed\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "To balance the relationship between weldability and properties, a series of Ni-based superalloys with varying amount of Cr-like elements were designed using a \u201ccluster-plus-glue-atom\u201d model, and fabricated by laser additive manufacturing (LAM).",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"balance\"], \"Property\": [\"weldability\", \"properties\", \"varying amount\"], \"Material\": [\"Ni-based superalloys\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Cr-like elements\"], \"Operation\": [\"designed\", \"\\u201ccluster-plus-glue-atom\\u201d model\", \"fabricated\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"laser additive manufacturing\", \"LAM\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The microstructure of the as-deposited superalloys consists of few topological close packet (TCP) phases distributed between \u03b3-Ni dendrites with epitaxial growth characteristic.",
        "output": "{\"Microstructure\": [\"microstructure\", \"dendrites\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"as-deposited\", \"epitaxial growth characteristic\"], \"Material\": [\"superalloys\"], \"Phase\": [\"topological close packet\", \"TCP\", \"\\u03b3-Ni\"], \"Result\": [\"distributed between\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "With the increase of Cr-like elements amount, TCP phases change from granular Laves phase to long-striped Laves phase plus acicular \u03c3 phase, and exhibit a trend of first decreasing and then increasing in amount.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"increase\", \"change from\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Cr-like elements\"], \"Phase\": [\"TCP\", \"\\u03c3\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"granular\", \"long-striped\", \"acicular\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"Laves phase\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Performance tests reveal that the NiCrlike-2 alloy (Ni54.8Fe20.3Cr17.3Mo1.50Al1.56 Nb3.47Ti1.22 at.%), which has the fewest amount of TCP phases, presents a novel combination of strength, ductility, high temperature oxidation-resistance, and good weldability.",
        "output": "{\"Characterization\": [\"Performance tests\"], \"Material\": [\"NiCrlike-2 alloy\"], \"Property\": [\"Ni54.8Fe20.3Cr17.3Mo1.50Al1.56 Nb3.47Ti1.22 at.%\", \"strength\", \"ductility\", \"high temperature oxidation-resistance\", \"weldability\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"fewest amount\", \"good\"], \"Phase\": [\"TCP\"], \"Result\": [\"novel combination\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Laser powder bed fusion is a dominant metal 3D printing technology.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"Laser powder bed fusion\", \"3D printing technology\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "However, porosity defects remain a challenge for fatigue-sensitive applications.",
        "output": "{\"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"porosity defects\"], \"Result\": [\"challenge\"], \"Application\": [\"fatigue-sensitive applications\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Some porosity is associated with deep and narrow vapor depressions called keyholes, which occur under high-power, low\u2013scan speed laser melting conditions.",
        "output": "{\"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"porosity\", \"vapor depressions\", \"keyholes\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"deep\", \"narrow\"], \"Environment\": [\"high-power\", \"low\\u2013scan speed\"], \"Operation\": [\"laser melting\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "High-speed x-ray imaging enables operando observation of the detailed formation process of pores in Ti-6Al-4V caused by a critical instability at the keyhole tip.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"High-speed\"], \"Characterization\": [\"x-ray imaging\"], \"Result\": [\"operando observation\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"formation\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"pores\", \"keyhole tip\"], \"Material\": [\"Ti-6Al-4V\"], \"Environment\": [\"critical instability\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "We found that the boundary of the keyhole porosity regime in power-velocity space is sharp and smooth, varying only slightly between the bare plate and powder bed.",
        "output": "{\"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"boundary\"], \"Environment\": [\"keyhole porosity regime\", \"power-velocity space\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"sharp\", \"smooth\"], \"Result\": [\"varying only slightly\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"bare plat\", \"powder bed\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The critical keyhole instability generates acoustic waves in the melt pool that provide additional yet vital driving force for the pores near the keyhole tip to move away from the keyhole and become trapped as defects.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"keyhole instability\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"acoustic waves\", \"melt pool\", \"pores\", \"keyhole tip\"], \"Result\": [\"additional yet vital driving force\", \"move away\", \"become trapped\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted great attention due to their many unique properties and potential applications.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"High-entropy alloys\", \"HEAs\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The nature of interatomic interactions in this unique class of complex multicomponent alloys is not fully developed or understood.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"interatomic interactions\"], \"Material\": [\"complex multicomponent alloys\"], \"Result\": [\"not fully developed or understood\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "We report a theoretical modeling technique to enable in-depth analysis of their electronic structures and interatomic bonding, and predict HEA properties based on the use of the quantum mechanical metrics, the total bond order density (TBOD) and the partial bond order density (PBOD).",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"theoretical modeling\", \"predict\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"electronic structures\"], \"Property\": [\"interatomic bonding\", \"total bond order density\", \"TBOD\", \"partial bond order density\", \"PBOD\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"quantum mechanical metrics\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Application to 13 biocompatible multicomponent HEAs yields many new and insightful results, including the inadequacy of using the valence electron count, quantification of large lattice distortion, validation of mechanical properties with experiment data, modeling porosity to reduce Young\u2019s modulus.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"Application\", \"modeling\"], \"Number\": [\"13\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"biocompatible\", \"multicomponent\", \"large\"], \"Material\": [\"HEAs\"], \"Result\": [\"inadequacy of using\", \"quantification\", \"validation\", \"experiment data\", \"reduce\"], \"Property\": [\"valence electron count\", \"lattice distortion\", \"mechanical properties\", \"Young\\u2019s modulus\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"porosity\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Cobalt in a 23wt.% Cobalt containing Ni-base superalloy was systematically substituted for by Ni in order to investigate the effects of stacking fault energy (SFE) on dynamic strain aging.",
        "output": "{\"Participating Material\": [\"Cobalt\", \"Ni\"], \"Number\": [\"23\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"wt.%\"], \"Material\": [\"Ni-base superalloy\"], \"Operation\": [\"substituted\", \"investigate\"], \"Property\": [\"stacking fault energy\", \"SFE\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"dynamic strain aging\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The results showed that adding Co had little effect on the phase constituents, but the SFE of \u03b3 matrix decreased continuously with increasing Co content.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"adding\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Co\"], \"Result\": [\"little effect\", \"decreased\"], \"Phase\": [\"phase constituents\", \"\\u03b3 matrix\"], \"Property\": [\"SFE\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Mechanical properties tests showed that all the alloys exhibited serrated flow during tensile deformation due to dynamic strain aging (DSA) within a temperature ranges of 200\u00b0C-500\u00b0C.",
        "output": "{\"Characterization\": [\"Mechanical properties tests\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"serrated flow\", \"tensile deformation\", \"dynamic strain aging\", \"DSA\"], \"Environment\": [\"temperature ranges\"], \"Number\": [\"200\", \"500\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"\\u00b0C\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The starting temperature for serration improved from 200\u00b0C to 300\u00b0C with increasing the Co content from 5wt% Co in Alloy1 to 23wt% Co in Alloy3.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"starting temperature\", \"Co content\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"serration\"], \"Result\": [\"improved\"], \"Number\": [\"200\", \"300\", \"5\", \"23\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"\\u00b0C\", \"wt%\"], \"Operation\": [\"increasing\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Co\"], \"Material\": [\"Alloy1\", \"Alloy3\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "In the serrated flow regime, all the alloys clearly exhibited the normal and inverse DSA behaviors.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"serrated flow regime\", \"DSA\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"normal\", \"inverse\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The tensile properties such as yield stress, ultimate tensile strength and fracture feature in DSA regime were not influenced by temperature, strain rate and Co content.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"yield stress\", \"ultimate tensile strength\", \"fracture\", \"temperature\", \"strain rate\", \"content\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"DSA regime\"], \"Result\": [\"not influenced\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Co\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "A relation between high density of SF and the inverse DSA effect was found in Alloy3 with low stacking fault energy.",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"relation\", \"low\"], \"Property\": [\"high density\", \"SF\", \"stacking fault energy\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"inverse\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"DSA\"], \"Material\": [\"Alloy3\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Analysis of the results suggested that the mechanism for the inverse DSA is related to the locking of the mobile dislocation by substitutional elements.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"inverse\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"DSA\", \"locking\"], \"Result\": [\"related\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"mobile dislocation\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"substitutional elements\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Additive manufacturing is increasingly considered for production of high quality, metallic, aerospace parts.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"Additive manufacturing\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Despite the high potential of this manufacturing process to reduce weight and lead time, the fundamental understanding of additive manufactured Ti\u20136Al\u20134V material is still at an early stage, especially in the area of fatigue and damage tolerance.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"Ti\\u20136Al\\u20134V\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "This paper covers the effects of inherent surface roughness on the fatigue life.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"inherent\"], \"Property\": [\"surface roughness\", \"fatigue life\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "In the as built condition, metallic parts have a poor surface texture, which is generally removed in fatigue critical areas.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"as built condition\", \"metallic parts\"], \"Result\": [\"poor surface texture\"], \"Operation\": [\"removed\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"fatigue critical areas\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "It is shown that the fatigue properties of Ti\u20136Al\u20134V samples, produced by direct metal laser sintering and electron beam melting, are dominated by surface roughness effects.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"fatigue properties\"], \"Material\": [\"Ti\\u20136Al\\u20134V\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"direct metal laser sintering\", \"electron beam melting\"], \"Result\": [\"dominated\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"surface roughness effects\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "X-ray tomography has emerged as a uniquely powerful and non-destructive tool to analyze defects in additive manufacturing.",
        "output": "{\"Characterization\": [\"X-ray tomography\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"non-destructive\"], \"Result\": [\"analyze\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"defects\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"additive manufacturing\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Defects include unintended porosity, rough surfaces and deviations from design, which can have different root causes and can vary significantly among samples.",
        "output": "{\"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"Defects\", \"porosity\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"unintended\"], \"Property\": [\"rough surfaces\"], \"Result\": [\"deviations from design\", \"vary significantly\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Powder material properties, non-uniform delivery of the powder layer, deformation during manufacturing, deviations from optimal process-parameters caused by changes in the laser beam, the optical components and the scanning system operation, may result in lack of fusion pores, metallurgical pores, keyhole pores, etc.",
        "output": "{\"Participating Material\": [\"Powder material\"], \"Property\": [\"properties\"], \"Result\": [\"non-uniform\"], \"Operation\": [\"delivery\", \"deviations\", \"changes\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"powder layer\", \"pores\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"deformation\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"manufacturing\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"optimal\", \"lack of fusion\", \"metallurgical\", \"keyhole\"], \"Environment\": [\"process-parameters\", \"laser beam\", \"optical components\", \"scanning system\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "These different types of pores have different typical sizes, shapes and 3D distributions.",
        "output": "{\"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"pores\"], \"Result\": [\"different\"], \"Property\": [\"sizes\", \"shapes\", \"3D distributions\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "All types of defects have effects on the mechanical properties of a final part.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"mechanical properties\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The use of X-ray tomography to visualize pores in parts (non-destructively) prior to mechanical testing has allowed us to improve our understanding of the effect of this porosity on the mechanical properties of the part (also referred to as \u201ceffect of defect\u201d).",
        "output": "{\"Characterization\": [\"X-ray tomography\", \"mechanical testing\"], \"Operation\": [\"visualize\", \"effect\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"pores\", \"porosity\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"non-destructively\"], \"Result\": [\"improve our understanding\"], \"Property\": [\"mechanical properties\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "This can provide the possibility to discriminate critical defects from harmless ones,and thereby build confidence in additive manufacturing processes.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"discriminate\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"critical\", \"harmless\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"defects\"], \"Result\": [\"build confidence\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"additive manufacturing\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "This paper reviews the current state of knowledge with regard to the \u201ceffect of defect\u201d in metal additive manufacturing, and highlights some relevant examples from our recent work.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"metal additive manufacturing\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Internal flow behaviour during melt-pool-based metal manufacturing remains unclear and hinders progression to process optimisation.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"Internal flow behaviour\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"melt-pool-based metal manufacturing\"], \"Result\": [\"unclear\", \"hinders progression\"], \"Operation\": [\"process optimisation\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "In this contribution, we present direct time-resolved imaging of melt pool flow dynamics from a high-energy synchrotron radiation experiment.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"direct\"], \"Characterization\": [\"time-resolved imaging\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"melt pool\"], \"Property\": [\"flow dynamics\"], \"Environment\": [\"high-energy\", \"synchrotron radiation\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "We track internal flow streams during arc welding of steel and measure instantaneous flow velocities ranging from 0.1 m s\u22121 to 0.5 m s\u22121.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"internal\", \"instantaneous\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"flow streams\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"arc welding\"], \"Material\": [\"steel\"], \"Property\": [\"flow velocities\"], \"Number\": [\"0.1 \", \"0.5\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"m s\\u22121\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "When the temperature-dependent surface tension coefficient is negative, bulk turbulence is the main flow mechanism and the critical velocity for surface turbulence is below the limits identified in previous theoretical studies.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"temperature-dependent\", \"flow mechanism\", \"identified in previous theoretical studies\"], \"Property\": [\"surface tension coefficient\", \"critical velocity\"], \"Result\": [\"negative\", \"below the limits\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"bulk turbulence\", \"surface turbulence\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "When the alloy exhibits a positive temperature-dependent surface tension coefficient, surface turbulence occurs and derisory oxides can be entrapped within the subsequent solid as result of higher flow velocities.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"alloy\"], \"Result\": [\"positive\", \"higher\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"temperature-dependent\", \"derisory\", \"subsequent\"], \"Property\": [\"surface tension coefficient\", \"flow velocities\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"surface turbulence\", \"entrapped\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"oxides\", \"solid\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The widely used arc welding and the emerging arc additive manufacturing routes can be optimised by controlling internal melt flow through adjusting surface active elements.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"arc welding\", \"arc additive manufacturin\"], \"Result\": [\"optimised\"], \"Operation\": [\"controlling\", \"adjusting\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"internal melt flow\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"surface active elements\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "To improve the efficiency of advanced power systems, integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) tools are being developed at QuesTek Innovations LLC for the design of high-performance alloys for gas turbine.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"integrated computational materials engineering\", \"ICME\"], \"Material\": [\"high-performance alloys\"], \"Application\": [\"gas turbine\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "In this article, we detail progress on the design of a low-Re, castable, creep-resistant, single-crystal Ni-based superalloy (QTSX).",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"low-Re\", \"creep-resistant\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"castable\", \"Ni-based superalloy\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"single-crystal\"], \"Material\": [\"QTSX\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "CALPHAD-based indicators for castability (liquid buoyancy) and creep resistance (\u03b3\u2032 coarsening rate constant) were simultaneously employed to predict an optimum alloy composition.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"CALPHAD-based\", \"indicators\"], \"Property\": [\"castability\", \"liquid buoyancy\", \"creep resistance\", \"coarsening rate constant\", \"composition\"], \"Phase\": [\"\\u03b3\\u2032\"], \"Operation\": [\"predict\"], \"Result\": [\"optimum alloy\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Component-level QTSX trail castings have been fabricated, and characterization of the castings has demonstrated freckle-free solidification and creep resistance comparable to CMSX4 and ReneN5, which validates this accelerated ICME approach.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"Component-level\", \"trail castings\", \"freckle-free\"], \"Material\": [\"QTSX\"], \"Characterization\": [\"characterization\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"solidification\"], \"Property\": [\"creep resistance\"], \"Result\": [\"comparable\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"CMSX4\", \"ReneN5\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Advanced in situ characterization is essential for determining the underlying dynamics of laser-material interactions central to both laser welding and the rapidly expanding field of additive manufacturing.",
        "output": "{\"Characterization\": [\"Advanced in situ characterization\"], \"Property\": [\"dynamics\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"laser-material interactions\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"laser welding\", \"additive manufacturing\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Traditional characterization techniques leave a critical experimental gap in understanding the complex subsurface fluid flow and metal evaporation dynamics inherent in laser-induced heating of the metal.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"subsurface fluid flow\", \"metal evaporation\"], \"Property\": [\"dynamics\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"laser-induced\"], \"Operation\": [\"heating\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"metal\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Herein, in situ ultra-high-speed transmission X-ray imaging is revealed to be essential for bridging this information gap, particularly via comparison with and validation of advanced multiphysics simulations.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"in situ\", \"ultra-high-speed\", \"transmission\", \"multiphysics\"], \"Characterization\": [\"X-ray imaging\"], \"Operation\": [\"comparison\", \"validation\", \"simulations\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Imaging on submicrosecond timescales enables correlation between dynamics of the laser-generated vapor\u2013liquid interface and melt pool surface instabilities in industrially relevant alloys.",
        "output": "{\"Characterization\": [\"Imaging\"], \"Environment\": [\"submicrosecond timescales\"], \"Result\": [\"correlation\"], \"Property\": [\"dynamics\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"laser-generated\", \"industrially relevant\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"vapor\\u2013liquid interface\", \"melt pool surface\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"instabilities\"], \"Material\": [\"alloys\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "X-ray imaging and complimentary simulations reveal vapor depression oscillations and rapid expansion due to reflection of the processing laser from the front surface of the vapor depression.",
        "output": "{\"Characterization\": [\"X-ray imaging\"], \"Operation\": [\"simulations\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"vapor depression\", \"front surface\"], \"Property\": [\"oscillations\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"rapid expansion\", \"reflection\"], \"Environment\": [\"processing laser\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Pore formation studies at steady state and during prompt removal of laser heating at the end of track reveal that the rapidly solidifying melt pool traps pores near the base of the vapor-filled depression.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"Pore formation\", \"rapidly solidifying\", \"traps\"], \"Environment\": [\"steady state\", \"laser heating\"], \"Operation\": [\"prompt removal\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"at the end of track\", \"melt poo\", \"pores\", \"near the base\", \"vapor-filled depression\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Moreover, pores within the melt pool are entrained by Marangoni convection which overcomes the force of buoyancy and forces the pores downward from the surface immediately before solidification.",
        "output": "{\"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"pores\", \"melt pool\"], \"Result\": [\"entrained\", \"overcomes\", \"downward from the surface\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"Marangoni convection\", \"buoyancy\"], \"Operation\": [\"forces\"], \"Environment\": [\"immediately before solidification\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Observed solidification kinetics, consistent with previous results, give insight into surface morphology and porosity in the processed material.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"solidification\"], \"Property\": [\"kinetics\", \"morphology\"], \"Result\": [\"insight\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"surface\", \"porosity\"], \"Material\": [\"processed material\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Powder-fed laser additive manufacturing (LAM) based on directed energy deposition (DED) technology is used to produce S316-L austenitic, and S410-L martensitic stainless steel structures by 3D-printing through a layer-upon-layer fashion.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"Powder-fed\", \"stainless steel\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"laser additive manufacturing\", \"LAM\", \"directed energy deposition\", \"DED\"], \"Material\": [\"S316-L\", \"S410-L\"], \"Phase\": [\"austenitic\", \"martensitic\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The microstructural features and crystallographic textural components are studied via electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) analysis, hardness indentation and tensile testing.",
        "output": "{\"Microstructure\": [\"microstructural features\"], \"Property\": [\"crystallographic textural components\"], \"Characterization\": [\"electron backscattering diffraction\", \"EBSD\", \"hardness indentation\", \"tensile testing\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The results are compared with commercial rolled sheets of austenitic and martensitic stainless steels.",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"results\"], \"Operation\": [\"compared\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"commercial\", \"rolled sheets\"], \"Phase\": [\"austenitic\", \"martensitic\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"stainless steels\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "A well-developed <200> direction solidification texture (with a J-index of \u223c11.5) is observed for the austenitic structure produced by the LAM process, compared to a J-index of \u223c2.0 for the commercial austenitic rolled sheet.",
        "output": "{\"Number\": [\"<200>\", \"\\u223c11.5\", \"\\u223c2.0\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"direction\"], \"Property\": [\"solidification texture\", \"J-index\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"austenitic structure\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"LAM\"], \"Operation\": [\"compared\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"commercial\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"austenitic rolled sheet\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Such a texture in the LAM process is caused by equiaxed grain formation in the middle of each layer followed by columnar growth during layer-upon-layer deposition.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"texture\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"LAM\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"equiaxed grain formation\", \"columnar growth\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"middle of each layer\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "A quite strong preferred orientation (J-index of 17.5) is noticed for martensitic steel developed by LAM.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"orientation\", \"J-index\"], \"Number\": [\"17.5\"], \"Material\": [\"martensitic steel\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"LAM\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Large laths of martensite exhibit a dominant textural component of {011} <111> in the \u03b1-phase, which is mainly controlled by transformation during layer-by-layer deposition.",
        "output": "{\"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"laths\", \"\\u03b1-phase\"], \"Phase\": [\"martensite\"], \"Property\": [\"textural component\"], \"Number\": [\"{011} <111>\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"transformation\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "On the other hand, the martensitic commercial sheet consists of equiaxed grains without any preferred orientation or completely random orientations.",
        "output": "{\"Participating Material\": [\"martensitic commercial sheet\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"equiaxed grains\"], \"Result\": [\"without any preferred\", \"completely random\"], \"Property\": [\"orientation\", \"orientations\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "In the case of the austenitic steel, mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness and ductility were severely deteriorated during the LAM deposition.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"austenitic steel\"], \"Property\": [\"tensile strength\", \"hardness\", \"ductility\"], \"Result\": [\"severely deteriorated\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"LAM deposition\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "A ductility loss of about 50% is recorded compared to the commercially rolled sheets that is attributed to the cast/solidified structure.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"ductility\"], \"Result\": [\"loss\"], \"Number\": [\"50\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"%\"], \"Operation\": [\"compared to\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"commercially rolled sheets\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"cast/solidified structure\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "However, LAM manufacturing of martensitic stainless steel structures leads to a considerably enhanced mechanical strength (more than double) at the expense of reduced ductility, because of martensitic phase transformations under higher cooling rates.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"LAM\"], \"Material\": [\"martensitic stainless steel\"], \"Property\": [\"mechanical strength\", \"ductility\"], \"Result\": [\"more than double\", \"reduced\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"martensitic phase transformations\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"higher\"], \"Environment\": [\"cooling rates\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "In high entropy alloys (HEAs), the addition of large-size atoms results in lattice distortion and further leads to solid solution strengthening or precipitation strengthening.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"high entropy alloys\", \"HEAs\"], \"Operation\": [\"addition\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"large-size\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"atoms\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"lattice distortion\", \"solid solution strengthening\", \"precipitation strengthening\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "However, the relationship between atomic radius, solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening has not been discerned yet.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"atomic radius\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"solid solution strengthening\", \"precipitation strengthening\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "In this work, CoCrFeNiX0.4 (X = Al, Nb, Ta, with an equi-atomic radius) HEAs were prepared by powder plasma arc additive manufacturing (PPA-AM) and evaluated for their mechanical properties.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"CoCrFeNiX0.4\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Al\", \"Nb\", \"Ta\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"equi-atomic\"], \"Property\": [\"radius\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"powder plasma arc additive manufacturing\", \"PPA-AM\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Compression and nano-indentation hardness tests showed that the HEA with Ta showed the best properties.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"Compression\", \"nano-indentation\"], \"Characterization\": [\"hardness tests\"], \"Material\": [\"HEA\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Ta\"], \"Result\": [\"best properties\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The influence of atomic radius and solid solubility on solid solution strengthening was investigated and the main strengthening mechanism that determines the mechanical properties of the developed HEAs was analyzed.",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"influence\"], \"Property\": [\"atomic radius\", \"solid solubility\", \"mechanical properties\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"solid solution strengthening\", \"strengthening mechanism\"], \"Operation\": [\"investigated\", \"analyzed\"], \"Material\": [\"HEAs\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The results showed that (i) the CoCrFeNiAl0.4 alloy did not show any solid solution strengthening effect and that a clear relation between solid solution strengthening and atomic size was not observed; (ii) in both CoCrFeNiTa0.4 and CoCrFeNiNb0.4 HEAs, precipitation strengthening and grain boundary strengthening effects are observed, wherein the difference in mechanical properties between both the alloys can be mainly attributed to the formation of fine eutectic structure in CoCrFeNiTa0.4; and (iii) from the microstructural analyses, it was identified that, in the CoCrFeNiTa0.4 HEA, the location containing a fine eutectic structure is accompanied by the formation of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs), which is also the region where deformed grains gather, giving rise to improved mechanical strengthening.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"CoCrFeNiAl0.4\", \"CoCrFeNiTa0.4\", \"CoCrFeNiNb0.4\"], \"Result\": [\"did not show\", \"clear relation\", \"not observed\", \"difference\", \"accompanied by\", \"improved\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"solid solution strengthening\", \"precipitation strengthening\", \"grain boundary strengthening\", \"gather\"], \"Property\": [\"atomic size\", \"mechanical properties\", \"mechanical strengthening\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"fine eutectic structure\", \"low-angle grain boundaries\", \"LAGBs\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"deformed grains\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Here, we propose a material design strategy to simultaneously optimize multiple targeted properties of multi-component Co-base superalloys via machine learning.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"design strategy\", \"machine learning\"], \"Result\": [\"optimize\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"targeted\", \"multi-component\"], \"Property\": [\"properties\"], \"Material\": [\"Co-base superalloys\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The microstructural stability, \u03b3\u2032 solvus temperature, \u03b3\u2032 volume fraction, density, processing window, freezing range, and oxidation resistance were simultaneously optimized.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"microstructural stability\", \"solvus temperature\", \"volume fraction\", \"density\", \"freezing range\", \"oxidation resistance\"], \"Phase\": [\"\\u03b3\\u2032\"], \"Environment\": [\"processing window\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"simultaneously\"], \"Result\": [\"optimized\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "A series of novel Co-base superalloys were successfully selected and experimentally synthesized from >210,000 candidates.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"novel\", \"experimentally\"], \"Material\": [\"Co-base superalloys\"], \"Result\": [\"selected\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"synthesized\"], \"Number\": [\">210,000\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"candidates\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The best performer, Co-36Ni-12Al-2Ti-4Ta-1W-2Cr, possesses the highest \u03b3\u2032 solvus temperature of 1266.5 \u00b0C without the precipitation of any deleterious phases, a \u03b3\u2032 volume fraction of 74.5% after aging for 1000 h at 1000 \u00b0C, a density of 8.68 g cm\u22123 and good high-temperature oxidation resistance at 1000 \u00b0C due to the formation of a protective alumina layer.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"best performer\", \"deleterious\", \"protective\"], \"Material\": [\"Co-36Ni-12Al-2Ti-4Ta-1W-2Cr\"], \"Result\": [\"highest\", \"without\", \"good\"], \"Phase\": [\"\\u03b3\\u2032\", \"phases\"], \"Property\": [\"solvus temperature\", \"volume fraction\", \"density\", \"oxidation resistance\"], \"Number\": [\"1266.5 \", \"74.5\", \"1000\", \"8.68 \"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"\\u00b0C\", \"%\", \"h\", \"g cm\\u22123\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"precipitation\", \"formation\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"aging\"], \"Environment\": [\"high-temperature\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"alumina\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"layer\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The laser\u2013matter interaction and solidification phenomena associated with laser additive manufacturing (LAM) remain unclear, slowing its process development and optimisation.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"laser\\u2013matter interaction\", \"solidification\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"laser additive manufacturing\", \"LAM\"], \"Result\": [\"unclear\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Here, through in situ and operando high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging, we reveal the underlying physical phenomena during the deposition of the first and second layer melt tracks.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"in situ\", \"operando\", \"high-speed\", \"synchrotron\", \"underlying\"], \"Characterization\": [\"X-ray imaging\"], \"Result\": [\"reveal\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"physical phenomena\"], \"Environment\": [\"during the deposition\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"melt tracks\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "We show that the laser-induced gas/vapour jet promotes the formation of melt tracks and denuded zones via spattering (at a velocity of 1 m s\u22121).",
        "output": "{\"Environment\": [\"laser-induced\", \"velocity\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"gas/vapour jet\", \"melt tracks\", \"denuded zones\"], \"Result\": [\"promotes the formation\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"spattering\"], \"Number\": [\"1\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"m s\\u22121\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "We also uncover mechanisms of pore migration by Marangoni-driven flow (recirculating at a velocity of 0.4 m s\u22121), pore dissolution and dispersion by laser re-melting.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"pore migration\", \"Marangoni-driven flow\", \"dissolution\", \"dispersion\", \"laser re-melting\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"recirculating\"], \"Environment\": [\"velocity\"], \"Number\": [\"0.4\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"m s\\u22121\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"pore\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "We develop a mechanism map for predicting the evolution of melt features, changes in melt track morphology from a continuous hemi-cylindrical track to disconnected beads with decreasing linear energy density and improved molten pool wetting with increasing laser power.",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"mechanism map\", \"improved\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"evolution\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"melt features\", \"track\", \"beads\", \"molten pool\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"continuous\", \"hemi-cylindrical\", \"disconnected\", \"linear\"], \"Operation\": [\"decreasing\", \"increasing\"], \"Environment\": [\"energy density\", \"laser power\"], \"Property\": [\"wetting\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Cylindrical Ti-6Al-4V parts were built in vertical and horizontal orientations using electron beam melting.",
        "output": "{\"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"Cylindrical\"], \"Material\": [\"Ti-6Al-4V\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"parts\", \"vertical\", \"horizontal\"], \"Operation\": [\"built\"], \"Environment\": [\"orientations\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"electron beam melting\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Tensile tests and fatigue tests were carried out.",
        "output": "{\"Characterization\": [\"Tensile tests\", \"fatigue tests\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The specimens were tested in as-built and machined conditions to understand the effect of surface finish on mechanical properties.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"as-built\", \"machined\"], \"Property\": [\"surface finish\", \"mechanical properties\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The fracture surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and the fractography results were correlated with the mechanical properties.",
        "output": "{\"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"fracture surfaces\"], \"Operation\": [\"analyzed\", \"correlated\"], \"Characterization\": [\"scanning electron microscopy\"], \"Result\": [\"fractography results\"], \"Property\": [\"mechanical properties\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Based on the results the effects of part orientation and surface finish on mechanical properties are discussed.",
        "output": "{\"Environment\": [\"part orientation\"], \"Property\": [\"surface finish\", \"mechanical properties\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), in particular, is an additive manufacturing method that is capable of producing highly complex parts.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"Direct metal laser sintering\", \"DMLS\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"additive manufacturing\"], \"Result\": [\"capable\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"highly complex parts\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "In this study, IN718 cellular microlattices or microtrusses are fabricated by DMLS.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"IN718\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"cellular\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"microlattices\", \"microtrusses\"], \"Operation\": [\"fabricated\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"DMLS\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The microtrusses were tested under fatigue loading and with a range of stress amplitudes and compared to IN718 dogbone specimens produced under the same conditions.",
        "output": "{\"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"microtrusses\"], \"Operation\": [\"tested\", \"compared\"], \"Characterization\": [\"fatigue loading\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"range\", \"dogbone specimens\"], \"Environment\": [\"stress amplitudes\", \"same conditions\"], \"Material\": [\"IN718\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The failure of the microtrusses was observed to occur at the intersection between the nodes and ligaments of the microtruss, which is in concurrence with the highest stress concentration by finite element analysis.",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"failure\", \"highest\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"microtrusses\", \"intersection\", \"nodes\", \"ligaments\"], \"Property\": [\"stress concentration\"], \"Characterization\": [\"finite element analysis\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Initial ligament failure occurred in the interior of the microtruss structure, where a direct path for shot blasting could not be established, resulting in rougher surfaces.",
        "output": "{\"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"ligament\", \"interior\", \"microtruss\"], \"Result\": [\"failure\"], \"Property\": [\"rougher surfaces\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Grain analysis, through electron backscatter diffraction, displayed variability in the grain size distribution within the ligaments; many large grains were present in the interior of the nodes and ligaments, while small grains, comprised of partially sintered powder, were present at the perimeter.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"Grain analysis\"], \"Characterization\": [\"electron backscatter diffraction\"], \"Result\": [\"variability\"], \"Property\": [\"grain size distribution\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"ligaments\", \"interior\", \"nodes\", \"perimeter\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"large\", \"small\", \"partially sintered\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"grains\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"powder\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "High-entropy alloys exhibit exceptional mechanical properties at cryogenic temperatures, due to the activation of twinning in addition to dislocation slip.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"High-entropy alloys\"], \"Result\": [\"exceptional\"], \"Property\": [\"mechanical properties\"], \"Environment\": [\"cryogenic temperatures\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"twinning\", \"dislocation slip\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Using in situ neutron diffraction, we demonstrate the interaction of a rich variety of deformation mechanisms in high-entropy alloys at 15 K, which began with dislocation slip, followed by stacking faults and twinning, before transitioning to inhomogeneous deformation by serrations.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"in situ\"], \"Characterization\": [\"neutron diffraction\"], \"Material\": [\"high-entropy alloys\"], \"Number\": [\"15\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"K\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"dislocation slip\", \"stacking faults\", \"twinning\", \"inhomogeneous deformation\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"serrations\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Quantitative analysis showed that the cooperation of these different deformation mechanisms led to extreme work hardening.",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"cooperation\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"deformation mechanisms\", \"work hardening\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"extreme\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The low stacking fault energy plus the stable face-centered cubic structure at ultralow temperatures, enabled by the high-entropy alloying, played a pivotal role bridging dislocation slip and serration.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"low\", \"stable\"], \"Property\": [\"stacking fault energy\"], \"Phase\": [\"face-centered cubic structure\"], \"Environment\": [\"ultralow temperatures\"], \"Operation\": [\"bridging\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"dislocation slip\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"serration\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The high temperature oxidation of AISI 316L stainless steel additively manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) has been studied for 100 h at temperatures between 700 and 1000 \u00b0C in dry air and compared to that of wrought samples.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"high temperature oxidation\"], \"Material\": [\"AISI 316L stainless steel\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"selective laser melting\", \"SLM\"], \"Operation\": [\"studied\", \"compared\"], \"Number\": [\"100\", \"700\", \"1000\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"h\", \"\\u00b0C\"], \"Environment\": [\"temperatures\", \"in dry air\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"wrought samples\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Thermogravimetric analyses showed slower kinetics for SLM samples than for conventional coupons.",
        "output": "{\"Characterization\": [\"Thermogravimetric analyses\"], \"Result\": [\"slower\"], \"Property\": [\"kinetics\"], \"Material\": [\"SLM samples\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"conventional coupons\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "In addition, SLM samples exhibit parabolic kinetics for all the studied temperatures, while conventional coupons present complete laws above 800 \u00b0C.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"SLM samples\"], \"Result\": [\"parabolic\", \"complete laws\", \"above\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"kinetics\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"studied\"], \"Environment\": [\"temperatures\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"conventional coupons\"], \"Number\": [\"800\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"\\u00b0C\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Parabolic constant rate determined for 900 \u00b0C oxidation is one order of magnitude lower for SLM samples (1.73\u00b710\u221213 g2 cm\u22124 s\u22121) than for wrought coupons (1.54\u00b710\u221212 g2 cm\u22124 s\u22121).",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"Parabolic constant rate\"], \"Environment\": [\"900 \\u00b0C\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"oxidation\"], \"Result\": [\"one order of magnitude lower\"], \"Material\": [\"SLM samples\"], \"Number\": [\"1.73\\u00b710\\u221213\", \"1.54\\u00b710\\u221212\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"g2 cm\\u22124 s\\u22121\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"wrought coupons\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The resulting activation energy values confirm the better behavior of SLM alloys, in agreement with the formation at their surface of protective chromia Cr2O3.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"activation energy\"], \"Material\": [\"SLM alloys\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"surface\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"protective\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Cr2O3\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "In contrast, additional formation of non-protective iron oxides was observed above 800 \u00b0C for the wrought samples.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"formation\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"non-protective\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"iron oxides\", \"wrought samples\"], \"Result\": [\"above\"], \"Environment\": [\"800 \\u00b0C\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a proven additive manufacturing (AM) technology for producing metallic components with complex shapes using layer-by-layer manufacture principle.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"Laser powder bed fusion\", \"LPBF\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"additive manufacturing\", \"AM\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "However, the fabrication of crack-free high-performance Ni-based superalloys such as Hastelloy X (HX) using LPBF technology remains a challenge because of these materials\u2019 susceptibility to hot cracking.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"crack-free\", \"high-performance\", \"Ni-based superalloys\"], \"Material\": [\"Hastelloy X\", \"HX\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"LPBF\"], \"Result\": [\"remains a challenge\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"hot cracking\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "This paper addresses the above problem by proposing a novel method of introducing 1 wt.% titanium carbide (TiC) nanoparticles.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"introducing\"], \"Number\": [\"1\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"wt.%\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"titanium carbide\", \"TiC\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"nanoparticles\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The findings reveal that the addition of TiC nanoparticles results in the elimination of microcracks in the LPBF-fabricated enhanced HX samples; i.e.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"addition\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"TiC\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"nanoparticles\"], \"Result\": [\"elimination of\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"microcracks\"], \"Material\": [\"HX\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "the 0.65% microcracks that were formed in the as-fabricated original HX were eliminated in the as-fabricated enhanced HX, despite the 0.14% residual pores formed.",
        "output": "{\"Number\": [\"0.65\", \"0.14\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"%\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"microcracks\", \"residual pores\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"as-fabricated\", \"original\", \"enhanced\"], \"Material\": [\"HX\"], \"Result\": [\"eliminated\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "It also contributes to a 21.8% increase in low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and a 98 MPa increase in yield strength.",
        "output": "{\"Number\": [\"21.8\", \"98\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"%\", \"MPa\"], \"Result\": [\"increase\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"low-angle grain boundaries\", \"LAGBs\"], \"Property\": [\"yield strength\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The study revealed that segregated carbides were unable to trigger hot cracking without sufficient thermal residual stresses; the significantly increased subgrains and low-angle grain boundaries played a key role in the hot cracking elimination.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"segregated\", \"thermal\"], \"Phase\": [\"carbides\"], \"Result\": [\"unable to trigger\", \"without\", \"significantly increased\", \"elimination\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"hot cracking\"], \"Property\": [\"residual stresses\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"subgrains\", \"low-angle grain boundaries\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Nickel-based superalloys and near-equiatomic high-entropy alloys containing molybdenum are known for higher temperature strength and corrosion resistance.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"Nickel-based superalloys\", \"high-entropy alloys\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"near-equiatomic\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"molybdenum\"], \"Environment\": [\"higher temperature\"], \"Property\": [\"strength\", \"corrosion resistance\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "For refractory Mo-W-Ta-Ti-Zr, we showcase KKR electronic structure methods via the coherent-potential approximation to identify alloys over five-dimensional design space with improved mechanical properties and necessary global (formation enthalpy) and local (short-range order) stability.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"refractory\", \"global\", \"formation enthalpy\", \"loca\", \"short-range order\"], \"Material\": [\"Mo-W-Ta-Ti-Zr\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"KKR electronic structure methods\"], \"Environment\": [\"coherent-potential approximation\", \"five-dimensional design space\"], \"Operation\": [\"identify alloys\"], \"Result\": [\"improved\"], \"Property\": [\"mechanical properties\", \"stability\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Deformation is modeled with classical molecular dynamic simulations, validated from our first-principle data.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"Deformation\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"classical\"], \"Operation\": [\"molecular dynamic simulations\", \"validated\"], \"Result\": [\"first-principle data\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "We predict complex solid-solution alloys of improved stability with greatly enhanced modulus of elasticity (3\u00d7 at 300 K) over near-equiatomic cases, as validated experimentally, and with higher moduli above 500 K over commercial alloys (2.3\u00d7 at 2000 K).",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"predict\", \"improved\", \"enhanced\", \"3\\u00d7\", \"validated experimentally\", \"higher\", \"2.3\\u00d7\"], \"Material\": [\"complex solid-solution alloys\"], \"Property\": [\"stability\", \"modulus of elasticity\", \"moduli\"], \"Environment\": [\"300 K\", \"above 500 K\", \"2000 K\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"near-equiatomic\", \"commercial\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "In the framework of the H2020 European project POLYPHEM, whose main objective is to improve the flexibility and performance of small-scale solar power plants, studies have been conducted on various nickel-based alloys for the design of the solar receiver.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"nickel-based alloys\"], \"Application\": [\"solar receiver\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Inconel 600 alloy is used as a reference material in the advanced manufacturing of high temperature solar receivers but other oxidation resistant alloys have been selected such as Inconel 617, Haynes 230, Haynes HR120 and Hastelloy X and the best candidate will be used for making the prototype.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"Inconel 600\", \"Inconel 617\", \"Haynes 230\", \"Haynes HR120\", \"Hastelloy X\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"reference material\"], \"Environment\": [\"high temperature\"], \"Application\": [\"solar receivers\"], \"Property\": [\"oxidation resistant alloys\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Thus, two essential quantities, namely the solar absorptivity \u03b1 \u2013 the higher the better \u2013 and the total hemispherical emissivity \u03b5 \u2013 the lower the better \u2013 were measured in high vacuum and under atmospheric air up to 1400 K in the MEDIASE reactor installed at the focus of the 1000 kW solar furnace.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"solar absorptivity\", \"\\u03b1\", \"total hemispherical emissivity\", \"\\u03b5\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"higher the better\", \"lower the better\"], \"Environment\": [\"high vacuum\", \"atmospheric air\"], \"Number\": [\"1400\", \"1000\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"K\", \"kW\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"MEDIASE reactor\", \"installed at the focus\"], \"Application\": [\"solar furnace\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The emissivity measurement was made by a direct method requiring the measurement of the true temperature of the material using a bi-chromatic pyro-reflectometer and that of its radiance by spectro-radiometry.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"emissivity\", \"temperature\", \"radiance\"], \"Characterization\": [\"direct method\", \"pyro-reflectometer\", \"spectro-radiometry.\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"of the material\", \"bi-chromatic\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Total hemispherical emissivity data are presented at the same time as microstructural (SEM, XRD) and topographic (3D profilometry) characterizations allowing the interpretation of the emissivity evolution with temperature and the growth of the oxide layer.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"Total hemispherical emissivity\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"microstructural\", \"topographic\"], \"Characterization\": [\"SEM\", \"XRD\", \"3D profilometry\"], \"Result\": [\"interpretation\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"emissivity evolution\", \"growth\"], \"Environment\": [\"temperature\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"oxide layer\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Finally, the alloy Haynes 230 was chosen to build the solar receiver.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"Haynes 230\"], \"Application\": [\"solar receiver\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The fracture toughness (K1c) and fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) properties of selective laser melted (SLM) specimens produced from grade 5 Ti6Al4V powder metal has been investigated.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"fracture toughness\", \"K1c\", \"fatigue crack growth rate\", \"FCGR\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"selective laser melted\", \"SLM\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"specimens\", \"grade 5\", \"powder metal\"], \"Material\": [\"Ti6Al4V\"], \"Operation\": [\"investigated\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Three specimen orientations relative to the build direction as well as two different post-build heat treatments were considered.",
        "output": "{\"Number\": [\"Three\", \"two\"], \"Environment\": [\"orientations\", \"build direction\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"post-build\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"heat treatments\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Specimens and test procedures were designed in accordance with ASTM E399 and ASTM E647 standard.",
        "output": "{\"Characterization\": [\"ASTM E399\", \"ASTM E647\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The results show that there is a strong influence of post-build processing (heat treated versus \u2018as built\u2019) as well as specimen orientation on the dynamic behaviour of SLM produced Ti6Al4V.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"strong\", \"heat treated\", \"\\u2018as built\\u2019\", \"specimen\", \"SLM produced\"], \"Result\": [\"influence\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"post-build processing\"], \"Environment\": [\"orientation\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"dynamic behaviour\"], \"Material\": [\"Ti6Al4V\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The greatest improvement in properties after heat treatment was demonstrated when the fracture plane is perpendicular to the SLM build direction.",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"greatest improvement\"], \"Property\": [\"properties\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"heat treatment\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"fracture plane\"], \"Environment\": [\"perpendicular to the SLM build direction\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "This behaviour is attributed to the higher anticipated influence of tensile residual stress for this orientation.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"tensile\"], \"Property\": [\"residual stress\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The transformation of the initial rapidly solidified microstructure during heat treatment has a smaller beneficial effect on improving mechanical properties.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"transformation\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"rapidly solidified\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"microstructure\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"heat treatment\"], \"Result\": [\"smaller beneficial effect\", \"improving\"], \"Property\": [\"mechanical properties\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The selective-laser-melting (SLM) technique is an outstanding new production technology that allows for time-efficient fabrication of highly complex components from various metals.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"selective-laser-melting\", \"SLM\"], \"Application\": [\"highly complex components\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "SLM processing leads to the evolution of numerous microstructural features strongly affecting the mechanical properties.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"SLM\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"evolution\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"microstructural features\"], \"Property\": [\"mechanical properties\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "With regard to the behavior of SLM components subjected to cyclic loadings, the damage evolution can be significantly different depending on the raw material that is used, which is, in this case, highly ductile austenitic stainless steel 316L and high-strength titanium alloy TiAl6V4.",
        "output": "{\"Environment\": [\"cyclic loadings\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"damage evolution\"], \"Result\": [\"significantly different\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"raw material\", \"titanium alloy\"], \"Property\": [\"highly ductile\", \"high-strength\"], \"Material\": [\"austenitic stainless steel 316L\", \"TiAl6V4\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "By means of a thorough set of experiments, including postprocessing, mechanical testing focusing on high-cycle fatigue and microstructure analyses, it could be shown that the behavior of TiAl6V4 under cyclic loading is dominated by the process-induced pores.",
        "output": "{\"Characterization\": [\"mechanical testing\", \"microstructure analyses\"], \"Property\": [\"high-cycle fatigue\"], \"Material\": [\"TiAl6V4\"], \"Environment\": [\"cyclic loading\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"process-induced\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"pores\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The fatigue behavior of 316L, in contrast, is strongly affected by its monotonic strength.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"fatigue behavior\"], \"Material\": [\"316L\"], \"Result\": [\"strongly affected\"], \"Property\": [\"monotonic strength\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Recent research on the additive manufacturing (AM) of Ti alloys has shown that the mechanical properties of the parts are affected by the characteristic microstructure that originates from the AM process.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"additive manufacturing\", \"AM\"], \"Material\": [\"Ti alloys\"], \"Property\": [\"mechanical properties\"], \"Result\": [\"affected\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"characteristic microstructure\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "To understand the effect of the microstructure on the tensile properties, selective laser melted (SLM) Ti\u20136Al\u20134V samples built in three different orientations were tensile tested.",
        "output": "{\"Microstructure\": [\"microstructure\"], \"Property\": [\"tensile properties\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"selective laser melted\", \"SLM\"], \"Material\": [\"Ti\\u20136Al\\u20134V\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"three different\"], \"Environment\": [\"orientations\"], \"Characterization\": [\"tensile tested\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The investigated samples were near fully dense, in two distinct conditions, as-built and stress relieved.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"near fully\", \"as-built\", \"stress relieved\"], \"Property\": [\"dense\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "It was found that the build orientation affects the tensile properties, and in particular the ductility of the samples.",
        "output": "{\"Environment\": [\"build orientation\"], \"Result\": [\"affects\"], \"Property\": [\"tensile properties\", \"ductility\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The mechanical anisotropy of the parts was discussed in relation to the crystallographic texture, phase composition and the predominant fracture mechanisms.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"mechanical anisotropy\", \"crystallographic texture\", \"phase composition\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"fracture mechanisms\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Fractography and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results indicate that the predominant fracture mechanism is intergranular fracture present along the grain boundaries and thus provide and explain the typical fracture surface features observed in fracture AM Ti\u20136Al\u20134V.",
        "output": "{\"Characterization\": [\"Fractography\", \"electron backscatter diffraction\", \"EBSD\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"fracture mechanism\", \"fracture AM\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"intergranular fracture\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"along the grain boundaries\"], \"Material\": [\"Ti\\u20136Al\\u20134V\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Laser aided additive manufacturing (LAAM), a blown powder additive manufacturing process, can be widely adopted for surface modification, repair and 3D printing.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"Laser aided additive manufacturing\", \"LAAM\", \"3D printing\"], \"Application\": [\"surface modification\", \"repair\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "A robust numerical model was developed to simulate convective fluid flow and balancing of surface tension forces at the air-fluid interface to predict melt-pool free surface curvature and solidified clad dimensions.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"numerical model\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"convective fluid flow\", \"surface tension forces\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"air-fluid interface\", \"melt-pool\", \"clad\"], \"Result\": [\"predict\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"free surface\", \"solidified\"], \"Property\": [\"curvature\", \"dimensions\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The free surface physical interface was calculated using the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) moving mesh approach.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"free surface\", \"moving mesh approach\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"physical interface\"], \"Operation\": [\"Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian\", \"ALE\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Powder deposition efficiency was considered by activating mesh normal velocity at melted regions based on localized powder mass flux intensity from the discrete coaxial powder nozzles.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"Powder deposition\"], \"Property\": [\"efficiency\", \"normal velocity\", \"mass flux intensity\"], \"Result\": [\"activating\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"mesh\", \"melted regions\", \"powder nozzles\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"localized\", \"discrete\", \"coaxial\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"powder\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The heat flux equation used for representing the laser heat source considered attenuation effect from the interaction between the powder jets and laser as well as heat sink effects of un-melted powder particles entering the melt-pool.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"heat flux equation\"], \"Result\": [\"representing\"], \"Environment\": [\"laser heat source\", \"laser\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"attenuation effect\", \"heat sink effects\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"powder jets\", \"powder particles\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"un-melted\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"melt-pool\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The predicted thermal gradient directions agree well with grain growth orientations obtained from electron backscatter diffraction (ESBD) analysis in three different cross-sectional orientations.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"predicted\", \"three different\", \"cross-sectional\"], \"Property\": [\"thermal gradient\", \"orientations\"], \"Result\": [\"agree well with\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"grain growth\"], \"Characterization\": [\"electron backscatter diffraction\", \"ESBD\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Experimental validation of clad width, height and melt-pool depth shows a maximum error of 10% for a wide range of processing parameters which consider the effects of varying laser power, laser scanning speed and powder feeding rate.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"Experimental validation\", \"varying\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"clad\", \"melt-pool\"], \"Property\": [\"width\", \"height\", \"depth\", \"maximum error\"], \"Number\": [\"10\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"%\"], \"Environment\": [\"laser power\", \"laser scanning speed\", \"powder feeding rate\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Generative processes or additive layer manufacturing like selective laser melting (SLM) enable the fabrication of highly precise and complex component geometries that are otherwise difficult, costly, or even impossible to realize using conventional techniques.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"selective laser melting\", \"SLM\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"highly precise\", \"complex\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"component geometries\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Titanium alloys and in particular TiAl6V4 are suited well for processing by SLM.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"Titanium alloys\"], \"Material\": [\"TiAl6V4\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"SLM\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "However, a careful optimization procedure of the process parameters is necessary to obtain a high quality material: firstly, the optimization of the initial process parameters for the minimization of inherent defects, and secondly, the optimization of the further thermomechanical treatment to minimize internal stresses and adjust the microstructure.",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"to obtain a high quality material\", \"minimization\", \"minimize\", \"adjust\"], \"Operation\": [\"optimization\"], \"Environment\": [\"process parameters\"], \"Property\": [\"inherent defects\", \"internal stresses\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"thermomechanical treatment\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"microstructure\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "For the initial program more than 40 small TiAl6V4 cuboids were produced with the variable scan parameters and two-and three dimensionally analyzed.",
        "output": "{\"Number\": [\"40\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"small\", \"variable\", \"two-\", \"three dimensionally\"], \"Material\": [\"TiAl6V4\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"cuboids\"], \"Operation\": [\"produced\", \"analyzed\"], \"Environment\": [\"scan parameters\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The reducing of the porosity by 6\u201310 times is shown.",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"reducing\"], \"Property\": [\"porosity\"], \"Number\": [\"6\", \"10\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"times\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The optimized process parameters were used for further manufacturing of the test specimen, some of them were then thermomechanically treated: annealed or hot-isostatically pressed.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"thermomechanically treated\", \"annealed\", \"hot-isostatically pressed\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The hardness, tensile properties and high cycle fatigue resistance of all samples were tested and the similar tests were also conducted for the reference material: wrought TiAl6V4 alloy.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"hardness\", \"tensile properties\", \"high cycle fatigue resistance\"], \"Characterization\": [\"tested\", \"similar tests\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"reference material\", \"wrought\"], \"Material\": [\"TiAl6V4 alloy\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The microstruc-ture, porosity and the received mechanical properties were analyzed and compared, and the in\ufb02uence of thermomechanical treatment was evaluated.",
        "output": "{\"Microstructure\": [\"microstruc-ture\"], \"Property\": [\"porosity\", \"mechanical properties\"], \"Operation\": [\"analyzed\", \"compared\"], \"Result\": [\"in\\ufb02uence\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"thermomechanical treatment\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "As a result of this double optimization, a signi\ufb01cant improvement of ductility (\u03b5 = 19.4%) and fatigue resistance compatible to the wrought TiAl6V4 for the SLM produced material was achieved.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"double optimization\"], \"Result\": [\"improvement\"], \"Property\": [\"ductility\", \"\\u03b5\", \"fatigue resistance\"], \"Number\": [\"19.4\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"%\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"wrought TiAl6V4\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Furthermore, since some surfaces in complex components such as the channels in the turbine blade cannot be machined or polished, both treated (\u2018machined\u2019) and untreated (\u2018as built\u2019) surface conditions were considered and discussed.",
        "output": "{\"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"channels\"], \"Application\": [\"turbine blade\"], \"Result\": [\"cannot\"], \"Operation\": [\"machined\", \"polished\", \"discussed\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"\\u2018machined\\u2019\", \"\\u2018as built\\u2019\"], \"Environment\": [\"surface conditions\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Therefore, the focus of the present study addresses the influences of powder morphology, spreading velocity and layer thickness on the powder bed topography uniformity.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"influences\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"powder\", \"powder bed\"], \"Property\": [\"morphology\", \"topography\", \"uniformity\"], \"Environment\": [\"spreading velocity\", \"layer thickness\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The experiments were conducted with a laser powder bed fusion printer and the powder layers were spread systematically and comprehensively assessed.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"laser powder bed fusion\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "In summary, it was found that particle sphericity and surface texture dictates the degree of impact that the spreader velocity and the layer thickness exert on the quality of powder bed topography in spread layers.",
        "output": "{\"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"particle\", \"surface\", \"powder bed\"], \"Property\": [\"sphericity\", \"texture\", \"layer thickness\", \"topography\"], \"Result\": [\"impact\", \"quality\"], \"Environment\": [\"spreader velocity\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The spreader velocity has substantial influence on powder bed uniformity, such that better uniformity is achieved with low spreading velocities, \u2264 80 mm/s.",
        "output": "{\"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"powder bed\"], \"Property\": [\"uniformity\"], \"Result\": [\"better uniformity\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"low\"], \"Environment\": [\"spreading velocities\"], \"Number\": [\"\\u2264 80\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"mm/s\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Powders with a wide particle distribution and containing large number of fine particles (< 25 \u03bcm) enabled formation of uniform and dense powder beds, however such powders were found to be more affected by segregation.",
        "output": "{\"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"Powders\", \"powder beds\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"wide\", \"uniform\", \"dense\"], \"Property\": [\"particle distribution\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"fine particles\"], \"Number\": [\"< 25\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"\\u03bcm\"], \"Result\": [\"enabled formation of\", \"more affected\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"segregation\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Understanding defect formation during laser additive manufacturing (LAM) of virgin, stored, and reused powders is crucial for the production of high quality additively manufactured parts.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"defect formation\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"laser additive manufacturing\", \"LAM\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"virgin\", \"stored\", \"reused\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"powders\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "We investigate the effects of powder oxidation on the molten pool dynamics and defect formation during LAM.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"powder oxidation\", \"molten pool dynamics\", \"defect formation\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"LAM\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "We compare virgin and oxidised Invar 36 powder under overhang and layer-by-layer build conditions using in situ and operando X-ray Imaging.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"compare\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"virgin\", \"oxidised\", \"powder\", \"layer-by-layer\", \"in situ\", \"operando\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Invar 36\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"overhang\"], \"Environment\": [\"build conditions\"], \"Characterization\": [\"X-ray Imaging\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The oxygen content of the oxidised powder was found to be ca.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"oxygen content\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"oxidised\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"powder\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "6 times greater (0.343 wt.%) than the virgin powder (0.057 wt.%).",
        "output": "{\"Number\": [\"6\", \"0.343\", \"0.057\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"times\", \"wt.%\"], \"Result\": [\"greater\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"virgin\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"powder\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "During LAM, the powder oxide is entrained into the molten pool, altering the Marangoni convection from an inward centrifugal to an outward centripetal flow.",
        "output": "{\"Participating Material\": [\"powder\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"oxide\", \"inward centrifugal\", \"outward centripetal flow\"], \"Property\": [\"entrained\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"molten pool\"], \"Result\": [\"altering\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"Marangoni convection\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "We hypothesise that the oxide promotes pore nucleation, stabilisation, and growth.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"oxide\"], \"Result\": [\"promotes\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"pore nucleation\", \"stabilisation\", \"growth\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "We observe that spatter occurs more frequently under overhang conditions compared to layer-by-layer conditions.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"spatter\"], \"Result\": [\"more frequently\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"overhang\"], \"Environment\": [\"conditions\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"layer-by-layer\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Droplet spatter can be formed by indirect laser-driven gas expansion and by the laser-induced metal vapour at the melt surface.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"Droplet\", \"indirect\", \"laser-driven\", \"laser-induced\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"spatter\", \"gas expansion\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"metal vapour\", \"melt surface\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Under layer-by-layer build conditions, laser re-melting reduces the pore size distribution and number density either by promoting gas release from keyholing or by inducing liquid flow, partially or completely filling pre-existing pores.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"layer-by-layer\", \"pre-existing\"], \"Environment\": [\"build conditions\", \"keyholing\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"laser re-melting\", \"gas release\", \"liquid flow\"], \"Result\": [\"reduces\", \"promoting\", \"inducing\", \"filling\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"pore\", \"pores\"], \"Property\": [\"size distribution\", \"number density\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "We also observe that pores residing at the track surface can burst during laser re-melting, resulting in either formation of droplet spatter and an open pore or healing of the pore via Marangoni flow.",
        "output": "{\"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"pores\", \"track surface\", \"pore\"], \"Operation\": [\"burst\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"laser re-melting\", \"spatter\", \"Marangoni flow\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"droplet\", \"open\"], \"Result\": [\"healing\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Nickel-based superalloys such as Hastelloy X (HX) are widely used in gas turbine engine applications and the aerospace industry.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"Nickel-based superalloys\"], \"Material\": [\"Hastelloy X\", \"HX\"], \"Application\": [\"gas turbine engine\", \"aerospace\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "HX is susceptible to hot cracking, however, when processed using additive manufacturing technologies such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF).",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"HX\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"hot cracking\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"laser powder bed fusion\", \"LPBF\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "This paper studies the effects of minor alloying elements on microcrack formation and the influences of hot cracking on the mechanical performance of LPBF-fabricated HX components, with an emphasis on the failure mechanism of the lattice structures.",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"effects\", \"influences\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"minor\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"alloying elements\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"microcrack formation\", \"hot cracking\", \"failure mechanism\"], \"Property\": [\"mechanical performance\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"LPBF\"], \"Material\": [\"HX\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"lattice structures\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The experimental results demonstrate that a reduction in the amount of minor alloying elements used in the alloy results in the elimination of hot cracking in the LPBF-fabricated HX; however, this modification degrades the tensile strength by around 140 MPa.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"reduction\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"minor\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"alloying elements\"], \"Result\": [\"elimination\", \"degrades\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"hot cracking\"], \"Material\": [\"HX\"], \"Property\": [\"ensile strength\"], \"Number\": [\"140\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"MPa\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The microcracks were found to have formed uniformly at the high-angle grain boundaries, indicating that the cracks were intergranular, which is associated with Mo-rich carbide segregation.",
        "output": "{\"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"microcracks\", \"high-angle grain boundaries\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"formed uniformly\", \"intergranular\", \"Mo-rich\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"carbide segregation\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The study also shows that the plastic-collapse strength tends to increase with increasing strut sizes (i.e.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"plastic-collapse strength\", \"strut sizes\"], \"Result\": [\"increase\"], \"Operation\": [\"increasing\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "relative density) in both the \u2018with cracking\u2019 and \u2018cracking-free\u2019 HX lattice structures, but the cracking-free HX exhibit a higher strength value.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"with cracking\", \"cracking-free\"], \"Material\": [\"HX\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"lattice structures\"], \"Result\": [\"higher\"], \"Property\": [\"strength\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Under compression, the cracking-free HX lattice structures\u2019 failure mechanism is controlled by plastic yielding, while the failure of the with-cracking HX is dominated by plastic buckling due to the microcracks formed within the LPBF process.",
        "output": "{\"Environment\": [\"Under compression\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"cracking-free\", \"with-cracking\"], \"Material\": [\"HX\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"failure mechanism\", \"plastic yielding\", \"failure\", \"plastic buckling\"], \"Result\": [\"controlled\", \"dominated\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"microcracks\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"LPBF\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "In this article we report on the first reduction of a compositionally complex concentrated CoCrFeMnNi alloy processed entirely from oxide precursors and printed using materials extrusion additive manufacturing (AM) techniques.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"reduction\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"compositionally complex\", \"concentrated\", \"alloy\", \"additive manufacturing\"], \"Material\": [\"CoCrFeMnNi\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"oxide precursors\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"materials extrusion\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The chemical and structural properties of this material are explored, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used to investigate potential chemical segregation within the well-annealed grains.",
        "output": "{\"Characterization\": [\"transmission electron microscopy\", \"TEM\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"potential\", \"well-annealed\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"chemical segregation\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"grains\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The relative thermodynamic stability of Mn and Cr oxides would suggest that MnO and Cr2O3 will not reduce in a hydrogen atmosphere.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"relative\", \"oxides\"], \"Property\": [\"thermodynamic stability\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Mn\", \"C\", \"MnO\", \"Cr2O3\"], \"Result\": [\"will not reduce\"], \"Environment\": [\"hydrogen atmosphere\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "However, we find that the unique local thermodynamic environment present in the samples allows for full reduction of Mn and Cr while diffusion into the grain allows for the development of a single-phase FCC structure.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"unique local\", \"single-phase\"], \"Environment\": [\"thermodynamic environment\"], \"Result\": [\"full\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"reduction\", \"diffusion\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Mn\", \"Cr\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"into the grain\"], \"Phase\": [\"FCC\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "High-entropy alloys, with N elements and compositions {c\u03bd = 1,N} in competing crystal structures, have large design spaces for unique chemical and mechanical properties.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"High-entropy alloys\"], \"Number\": [\"N\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"elements\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Here, to enable computational design, we use a metaheuristic hybrid Cuckoo search (CS) to construct alloy configurational models on the fly that have targeted atomic site and pair probabilities on arbitrary crystal lattices, given by supercell random approximates (SCRAPs) with S sites.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"metaheuristic\", \"hybrid\"], \"Operation\": [\"Cuckoo search\", \"CS\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"alloy configurational models\", \"atomic site\", \"pair probabilities\", \"sites\"], \"Result\": [\"targeted\"], \"Phase\": [\"supercell random approximates\", \"SCRAPs\"], \"Number\": [\"S\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Our Hybrid CS permits efficient global solutions for large, discrete combinatorial optimization that scale linearly in a number of parallel processors, and linearly in sites S for SCRAPs.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"Hybrid\", \"parallel processors\"], \"Operation\": [\"CS\", \"combinatorial optimization\"], \"Result\": [\"global solutions\", \"scale linearly\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"sites\"], \"Number\": [\"S\"], \"Phase\": [\"SCRAPs\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "For example, a four-element, 128-site SCRAP is found in seconds\u2014a more than 13,000-fold reduction over current strategies.",
        "output": "{\"Number\": [\"four\", \"128\", \"13,000-fold\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"element\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"site\"], \"Phase\": [\"SCRAP\"], \"Result\": [\"found\", \"reduction\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Being problem-agnostic, our Hybrid CS offers potential applications in diverse fields.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"problem-agnostic\", \"Hybrid\"], \"Operation\": [\"CS\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Intermetallic alloy development in the early 1990\u2019s suggested that zirconium additions to the NiAl system could significantly strengthen the bond coat and prevent surface rumpling that leads to failure of the thermal barrier coating (TBC) system.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"Intermetallic\", \"NiAl\"], \"Operation\": [\"alloy development\", \"additions\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"zirconium\"], \"Result\": [\"strengthen\", \"prevent\", \"failure\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"bond coat\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"surface rumpling\"], \"Application\": [\"thermal barrier coating\", \"TBC\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "A new overlay bond coat based on NiAl that incorporates zirconium and chromium has been developed.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"overlay\", \"bond coat\"], \"Material\": [\"NiAl\"], \"Operation\": [\"incorporates\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"zirconium\", \"chromium\"], \"Result\": [\"developed\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Additions of both zirconium and chromium were found to be beneficial for TBC adherence and environmental resistance of the bond coat.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"Additions\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"zirconium\", \"chromium\"], \"Result\": [\"beneficial\"], \"Property\": [\"TBC adherence\", \"environmental resistance\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"bond coat\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Overlay processing methods were used to produce the coating in order to accurately control the zirconium and chromium content.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"Overlay\", \"coating\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"processing methods\"], \"Operation\": [\"produce\"], \"Result\": [\"accurately control\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"zirconium\", \"chromium\"], \"Property\": [\"content\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Furthermore, the overlay coating incorporated substrate elements, like nickel, to reduce interdiffusion with the substrate.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"overlay\", \"coating\"], \"Operation\": [\"incorporated\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"nickel\", \"substrate\"], \"Result\": [\"reduce\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"interdiffusion\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "This reduced interdiffusion resulted in greater retention of the load bearing area of the substrate after extended time at temperature.",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"reduced\", \"greater retention\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"interdiffusion\"], \"Property\": [\"load bearing area\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"substrate\"], \"Environment\": [\"after extended time at temperature\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The new NiAl+Cr+Zr overlay bond coat demonstrated improved durability and better protection of the underlying substrate in comparison with the current state of the art diffusion platinum aluminide bond coat.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"NiAl+Cr+Zr\", \"platinum aluminide\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"overlay\", \"bond coat\"], \"Result\": [\"improved\", \"better protection\"], \"Property\": [\"durability\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"substrate\"], \"Operation\": [\"comparison\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"diffusion\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The formation of stray grains during weld solidification of Rene N5, a single-crystal nickel-based superalloy, was studied.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"formation of stray grains\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"weld solidification\"], \"Material\": [\"Rene N5\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"single-crystal\", \"nickel-based superalloy\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Experimental laser and electron-beam welds showed the extent of stray grain formation was sensitive to the welding conditions.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"Experimental\"], \"Environment\": [\"laser\", \"electron-beam\", \"welding conditions\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"welds\"], \"Result\": [\"the extent of\", \"sensitive\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"stray grain formation\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "It was also found that cracking is associated with the presence of stray grains, and cracks follow along the stray-grain high angle boundaries.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"cracking\"], \"Result\": [\"presence\", \"follow\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"stray grains\", \"cracks\", \"stray-grain\"], \"Property\": [\"high angle boundaries\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Modeling was carried out to investigate the mechanism of stray grain formation and to predict the extent of stray grains as a function of welding conditions and location within the weld.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"Modeling\", \"investigate\", \"predict\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"stray grain formation\"], \"Result\": [\"the extent of\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"stray grains\"], \"Environment\": [\"welding conditions\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"location within the weld\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The effect of crystallographic orientation was also taken into account.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"crystallographic orientation\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "It was found that the mechanism of constitutional supercooling for stray grain formation explained all of the experimental results.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"constitutional supercooling\", \"stray grain formation\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Modeling based on this mechanism indicated that welding conditions would have a very important influence on the extent of stray grain formation while crystallographic orientation had only a minor influence.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"Modeling\"], \"Environment\": [\"welding conditions\"], \"Result\": [\"very important influence\", \"minor influence\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"stray grain formation\"], \"Property\": [\"crystallographic orientation\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) was successfully applied to the Zirconium material system to create a three-dimensional component prototype.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"Ultrasonic additive manufacturing\", \"UAM\"], \"Material\": [\"Zirconium material system\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"three-dimensional\", \"component prototype\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The UAM process resulted in grain size refinement and significant localized deformation.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"UAM\"], \"Property\": [\"grain size\"], \"Result\": [\"refinement\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"localized deformation\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Electron backscatter diffraction analysis revealed activated slip systems only applicable at high deformation temperatures, while texture analysis showed a decrease in measurable texture of the UAM build in comparison to the initial Zr-foil.",
        "output": "{\"Characterization\": [\"Electron backscatter diffraction analysis\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"activated\", \"foil\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"slip systems\"], \"Environment\": [\"high deformation temperatures\"], \"Operation\": [\"texture analysis\", \"comparison\"], \"Result\": [\"decrease\"], \"Property\": [\"measurable texture\"], \"Material\": [\"UAM build\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Zr\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Average tensile strengths in the X (sonotrode travel), Y (vibration), and Z (build) directions averaged 435 MPa, 458 MPa, and 359 MPa, respectively, demonstrating the viability of UAM for Zr-based materials.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"Average\", \"directions\"], \"Property\": [\"tensile strengths\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"sonotrode travel\", \"vibration\", \"build\"], \"Number\": [\"435\", \"458\", \"359\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"MPa\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"UAM\"], \"Material\": [\"Zr-based materials\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "For decades, the promise of refractory alloys (robust structural materials for use above 1500 K (1200 \u00b0C)) has been hampered by concurrent requirements for fabricability via ingot metallurgy and oxidation resistance.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"refractory alloys\"], \"Environment\": [\"for use above\"], \"Number\": [\"1500\", \"1200\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"K\", \"\\u00b0C\"], \"Result\": [\"hampered\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"concurrent requirements\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"ingot metallurgy\"], \"Property\": [\"oxidation resistance\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The work herein demonstrates that the advent of economical powder feedstocks and consolidation methods, such as additive manufacturing (AM), effectively removes the constraints preventing widespread utilization of high-strength refractory alloys into aerospace, defense, and space access applications.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"economical\", \"powder\", \"high-strength\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"feedstocks\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"additive manufacturing\", \"AM\"], \"Result\": [\"removes the constraints\"], \"Material\": [\"refractory alloys\"], \"Application\": [\"aerospace\", \"defense\", \"space access\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "High-purity, spherical refractory-alloy powders (e.g.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"High-purity\", \"spherical\"], \"Material\": [\"refractory-alloy\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"powders\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "the Nb-10Hf-1Ti alloy ATI C103\u2122) were made via both atomization and plasma spheroidization and consolidated using a variety of methods.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"Nb-10Hf-1Ti alloy\", \"ATI C103\\u2122\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"atomization\", \"plasma spheroidization\"], \"Operation\": [\"consolidated\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Consolidated material shows comparable and sometimes superior high temperature performance to equivalent wrought material.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"Consolidated material\", \"sometimes\", \"equivalent\"], \"Result\": [\"comparable\", \"superior\"], \"Property\": [\"high temperature performance\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"wrought material\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The availability of cost-effective powder synthesis techniques enables the elimination of critical barriers in fabrication: namely the requirement for hot and cold working.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"cost-effective\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"powder synthesis\"], \"Result\": [\"elimination\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"hot and cold working\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "This study shows that a eutectic Al\u201312Si alloy with controllable ultrafine microstructure and excellent mechanical properties can be achieved by using selective laser melting and subsequent solution heat treatment.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"eutectic\", \"alloy\", \"controllable\"], \"Material\": [\"Al\\u201312Si\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"ultrafine microstructure\"], \"Result\": [\"excellent\"], \"Property\": [\"mechanical properties\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"selective laser melting\", \"solution heat treatment\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Unlike Al\u201312Si alloys fabricated and refined by traditional methods, the as-fabricated Al\u201312Si in this study contains nano-sized spherical Si particles surrounding a supersaturated Al matrix.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"as-fabricated\", \"nano-sized\", \"spherical\", \"supersaturated\"], \"Material\": [\"Al\\u201312Si\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Si\", \"Al\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"particles\", \"matrix\"], \"Environment\": [\"surrounding\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "During solution heat treatment, precipitation and coalescence of the Si particles occur, which decreases the Si concentration in the matrix and sub-micron to micron-sized spherical particles embedded in an Al matrix form.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"solution heat treatment\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"precipitation\", \"coalescence\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Si\", \"Al\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"particles\", \"matrix\"], \"Result\": [\"decreases\", \"form\"], \"Property\": [\"concentration\", \"sub-micron\", \"micron-sized\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"spherical\"], \"Environment\": [\"embedded\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The as-fabricated Al\u201312Si exhibits significantly better tensile properties than the traditionally produced counterparts; while the solution treated Al\u201312Si has an extremely high ductility of approximately 25%.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"as-fabricated\", \"traditionally produced\", \"solution treated\", \"extremely high\"], \"Material\": [\"Al\\u201312Si\"], \"Result\": [\"better\"], \"Property\": [\"tensile properties\", \"ductility\"], \"Number\": [\"25\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"%\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Importantly, the mechanical properties of the Al\u201312Si can be tailored through controlling the precipitation and coalescence of the Si particles by varying the solution heat treatment time.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"mechanical properties\", \"time\"], \"Material\": [\"Al\\u201312Si\"], \"Result\": [\"tailored\"], \"Operation\": [\"controlling\", \"varying\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"precipitation\", \"coalescence\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Si\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"particles\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"solution heat treatment\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "A detailed transmission electron microscopy study was conducted to investigate this Al\u201312Si alloy with ultrafine eutectic microstructure.",
        "output": "{\"Characterization\": [\"transmission electron microscopy\"], \"Operation\": [\"investigate\"], \"Material\": [\"Al\\u201312Si\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"alloy\", \"ultrafine\", \"eutectic\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"microstructure\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The excellent tensile properties have been attributed to the refined eutectic microstruc-ture containing spherical Si particles.",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"excellent\"], \"Property\": [\"tensile properties\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"refined\", \"eutectic\", \"spherical\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"microstruc-ture\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Si particles\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The formation of this unique microstructure is due to the super heating and an extremely high cooling rate during selective laser melting and the subsequent solution heat treatment, which enables Si to grow along its most stable plane {111}Si.",
        "output": "{\"Environment\": [\"super heating\", \"cooling rate\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"extremely high\", \"most stable\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"selective laser melting\", \"solution heat treatment\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"Si\"], \"Result\": [\"grow\"], \"Property\": [\"plane\"], \"Number\": [\"{111}\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "A newly developed nano-structured high-Mn 9Cr ferritic-martensitic (FM) steel designed for additive manufacturing (Additive-manufactured Nanostructured Alloy, ANA) was fabricated via the direct energy deposition method.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"nano-structured\", \"steel\"], \"Material\": [\"high-Mn 9Cr\", \"Additive-manufactured Nanostructured Alloy\", \"ANA\"], \"Phase\": [\"ferritic-martensitic\", \"FM\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"direct energy deposition\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The as-printed ANA2 showed tensile properties (strength and elongation) and Charpy impact toughness (upper-shelf energy and ductile-brittle transition temperature) comparable to oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) Eurofer and PM2000.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"as-printed\", \"tensile properties\"], \"Material\": [\"ANA2\", \"Eurofer\", \"PM2000\"], \"Property\": [\"strength\", \"elongation\", \"Charpy impact toughness\", \"upper-shelf energy\", \"ductile-brittle transition temperature\", \"oxide-dispersion-strengthened\", \"ODS\"], \"Operation\": [\"comparable\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Compared with wrought P91, the as-built ANA2 showed significantly higher yield strength but inferior Charpy impact toughness and ductility.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"Compared\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"wrought\", \"as-built\"], \"Material\": [\"P91\", \"ANA2\"], \"Result\": [\"significantly higher\", \"inferior\"], \"Property\": [\"yield strength\", \"Charpy impact toughness\", \"ductility\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Microstructural characterization revealed uniformly distributed sub-micron pores, an extremely high dislocation density, and a high density of ultrafine nano-structured precipitates in the matrix.",
        "output": "{\"Characterization\": [\"Microstructural characterization\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"uniformly distributed\", \"sub-micron\", \"extremely high\", \"high\", \"ultrafine\", \"nano-structured\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"pores\", \"matrix\"], \"Property\": [\"dislocation density\", \"density\"], \"Phase\": [\"precipitates\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The microstructures indicated the dislocations as the dominant strengthening element and the ultrafine precipitates as the primary contribution to estimated irradiation sink density.",
        "output": "{\"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"dislocations\"], \"Property\": [\"dominant strengthening element\", \"irradiation sink density\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"ultrafine\"], \"Phase\": [\"precipitates\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "High entropy alloys (HEAs), offering a multi-dimensional compositional space, provide almost limitless design opportunities surpassing the frontiers of structural materials development.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"High entropy alloys\", \"HEA\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"multi-dimensional\"], \"Property\": [\"compositional space\"], \"Result\": [\"limitless design opportunities\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "However, an in-depth appraisal of the fundamental materials physics behind strengthening in HEAs is essential in order to leverage them to achieve greater flexibility in application oriented materials design.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"in-depth\"], \"Operation\": [\"appraisal\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"materials physics\", \"strengthening\"], \"Material\": [\"HEA\"], \"Result\": [\"greater flexibility\"], \"Application\": [\"materials design\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "This viewpoint paper concentrates on issues regarding inherent compositional fluctuations in HEAs and corresponding impact on strengthening is highlighted.",
        "output": "{\"Phenomenon\": [\"compositional fluctuations\", \"strengthening\"], \"Material\": [\"HEA\"], \"Result\": [\"impact\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "We report the crystallographic texture and passive behavior of nickel-based superalloys prepared by high-deposition-rate laser solid forming (HDR-LSF) additive manufacturing in deaerated 10 wt.% NaNO3.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"crystallographic texture\", \"passive behavior\", \"high-deposition-rate\", \"HDR\"], \"Material\": [\"nickel-based superalloys\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"laser solid forming\", \"LSF\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"additive manufacturing\"], \"Environment\": [\"deaerated\"], \"Number\": [\"10\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"wt.%\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"NaNO3\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The HDR-LSF Alloy 718, mainly composed of columnar grains, is detected to be weakly fiber textured due to the direction changed structure.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"LSF\"], \"Material\": [\"Alloy 718\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"columnar grains\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"weakly\"], \"Property\": [\"textured\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "However, passive current densities on horizontal and vertical sections have no difference and both increase linearly with the electrode potential.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"passive current densities\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"horizontal\", \"vertical\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"sections\"], \"Result\": [\"no difference\", \"both increase linearly\"], \"Environment\": [\"electrode potential\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Furthermore, the identical steady-state passive current density on both sections is attributed to the same film/solution interface energy.",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"identical\", \"same\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"steady-state\"], \"Property\": [\"passive current density\", \"interface energy\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"sections\", \"film/solution\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Amorphous structure of the bi-layer film induces the electrochemical activity isotropy regardless of matrix texture.",
        "output": "{\"Phase\": [\"Amorphous structure\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"bi-layer film\"], \"Result\": [\"induces\", \"regardless of\"], \"Property\": [\"electrochemical activity\", \"isotropy\", \"matrix texture\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Superalloy are alloys developed for elevated temperatures applications, where relatively severe mechanical stressing is found, and a high surface stability is frequently required.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"Superalloy\"], \"Environment\": [\"elevated temperatures\"], \"Result\": [\"severe\", \"required\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"mechanical stressing\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"high\"], \"Property\": [\"surface stability\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Improvements in the surface properties of a wide range of alloys have been obtained by the implantation of nitrogen while field test results for industrial tools and components from a diverse range of applications have been positive.",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"Improvements\"], \"Property\": [\"surface properties\"], \"Operation\": [\"implantation\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"nitrogen\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The objective of this work is to improve the mechanical surface properties of Inconel 718 by PIII (Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation - PIII).",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"improve\"], \"Property\": [\"mechanical surface properties\"], \"Material\": [\"Inconel 718\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"PIII\", \"Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "In these experiments, samples of Inconel 718 without heat treatment are used.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"Inconel 718\"], \"Result\": [\"without\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"heat treatment\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Nitrogen ions in Inconel samples were implanted: a) for a period of one hour, and b) for a period of 3 hours.",
        "output": "{\"Participating Material\": [\"Nitrogen\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"ions\"], \"Operation\": [\"implanted\"], \"Number\": [\"one\", \"3\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"hour\", \"hours\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Tribological properties of PIII treated samples were compared with the ones for untreated samples are compared.",
        "output": "{\"Property\": [\"Tribological properties\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"PIII treated\", \"untreated\"], \"Material\": [\"samples\"], \"Operation\": [\"compared\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"samples\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The best result is obtained for the samples treated for 3 hours after 5000 cycles of an unlubricated pin-on-disk test, with very little wear.",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"best result\"], \"Material\": [\"samples\"], \"Operation\": [\"treated\"], \"Number\": [\"3\", \"5000\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"hours\", \"cycles\"], \"Characterization\": [\"unlubricated pin-on-disk test\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Selective laser melting (SLM) is an emerging additive manufacturing process for fabricating multifunctional parts by locally melting and consolidating powders in a layer-by-layer manner.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"Selective laser melting\", \"SLM)\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"additive manufacturing process\", \"layer-by-layer manner\"], \"Operation\": [\"locally melting\", \"consolidating\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"powders\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Its flexibility enables the development of new alloys and metal matrix composites with unique, fine microstructures and complex-shaped components that are all difficult to realize with traditional manufacturing processes.",
        "output": "{\"Application\": [\"new alloys\", \"metal matrix composites\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"unique\"], \"Property\": [\"fine microstructures\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"complex-shaped\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "This study investigates how TiB2 nanoparticle reinforcements affect the microstructure and high-temperature deformation behavior of a 316L stainless steel matrix.",
        "output": "{\"Participating Material\": [\"TiB2\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"nanoparticle\", \"matrix\"], \"Operation\": [\"reinforcements\"], \"Result\": [\"affect\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"microstructure\"], \"Environment\": [\"high-temperature\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"deformation behavior\"], \"Material\": [\"316L stainless steel\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "In SLM-processed pure stainless steel, fully directional columnar grains were observed, whereas TiB2 nanoparticles added to the steel matrix significantly reduced the sizes of the molten pools and grains and disrupted the directional structures.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"SLM-processed\", \"pure\", \"fully directional\", \"nanoparticles\"], \"Material\": [\"stainless steel\", \"steel matrix\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"columnar grains\", \"grains\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"TiB2\"], \"Operation\": [\"added\"], \"Result\": [\"reduced\", \"disrupted\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"sizes of the molten pools\", \"directional structures\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "A chemical analysis revealed no compositional difference between the boundary and interior of the molten pool areas of the SLM-processed TiB2/316L nanocomposites, suggesting that elements did not segregate macroscopically.",
        "output": "{\"Characterization\": [\"chemical analysis\"], \"Result\": [\"no\", \"elements did not segregate\"], \"Property\": [\"compositional difference\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"boundary\", \"interior\", \"molten pool\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"SLM-processed\", \"macroscopically\"], \"Material\": [\"TiB2/316L nanocomposites\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "However, for higher TiB2 contents, alloying elements microsegregated at the boundaries of cellular structures due to the particle accumulation structure mechanism.",
        "output": "{\"Result\": [\"higher\", \"microsegregated\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"TiB2\"], \"Property\": [\"contents\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"boundaries\", \"cellular structures\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"particle accumulation\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"structure mechanism\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the existence of mostly cube-like TiB2 nanoparticles both at the boundaries and in the interiors of the cellular structures.",
        "output": "{\"Characterization\": [\"Transmission electron microscopy\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"cube-like\", \"nanoparticles\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"TiB2\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"boundaries\", \"interiors\", \"cellular structures\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "The nanocomposites exhibited high compressive yield strength and ductility at room and high temperatures, except at 600 \u00b0C, where embrittlement was observed.",
        "output": "{\"Material\": [\"nanocomposites\"], \"Result\": [\"high\"], \"Property\": [\"compressive yield strength\", \"ductility\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"room\", \"high\"], \"Environment\": [\"temperatures\", \"except\"], \"Number\": [\"600\"], \"Amount Unit\": [\"\\u00b0C\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"embrittlement\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Observing the microstructure and flow stress of nanocomposites deformed at 700 and 800 \u00b0C shed light on the dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization phenomena.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"Observing\"], \"Microstructure\": [\"microstructure\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"flow stress\", \"deformed\", \"dynamic recovery\", \"dynamic recrystallization\"], \"Material\": [\"nanocomposites\"], \"Number\": [\"700\", \"800\"], \"Environment\": [\"\\u00b0C\"], \"Result\": [\"shed light\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "However, several conventional strengthening mechanisms could not predict the entire yield strength increase.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"conventional\", \"could not predict\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"strengthening mechanisms\"], \"Result\": [\"yield strength increase\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "We used ultrahigh-speed synchrotron x-ray imaging to quantify the phenomenon of vapor depressions (also known as keyholes) during laser melting of metals as practiced in additive manufacturing.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"ultrahigh-speed\", \"synchrotron\"], \"Characterization\": [\"x-ray imaging\"], \"Result\": [\"quantify\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"vapor depressions\", \"keyholes\"], \"Operation\": [\"laser melting\"], \"Participating Material\": [\"metals\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"additive manufacturing\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Although expected from welding and inferred from postmortem cross sections of fusion zones, the direct visualization of the keyhole morphology and dynamics with high-energy x-rays shows that (i) keyholes are present across the range of power and scanning velocity used in laser powder bed fusion; (ii) there is a well-defined threshold from conduction mode to keyhole based on laser power density; and (iii) the transition follows the sequence of vaporization, depression of the liquid surface, instability, and then deep keyhole formation.",
        "output": "{\"Operation\": [\"visualization\"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"keyhole\", \"conduction mode\", \"vaporization\", \"instability\"], \"Property\": [\"morphology\", \"dynamics\"], \"Environment\": [\"high-energy x-rays\", \"power\", \"scanning velocity\", \"laser power density\"], \"Result\": [\"keyholes are present\", \"well-defined threshold\", \"transition follows the sequence\"], \"Descriptor\": [\"across the range\"], \"Synthesis\": [\"laser powder bed fusion\"], \"Mesostructure or Macrostructure\": [\"depression of the liquid surface\", \"keyhole formation\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "Despite recent advances in our understanding of the unique mechanical behavior of natural structural materials such as nacre and human bone, traditional manufacturing strategies limit our ability to mimic such nature- inspired structures using existing structural materials and manufacturing processes.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"atural structural materials \"], \"Material\": [\"acre \", \"uman bone,\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "To this end, we introduce a customizable single-step approach for additively fabricating geometrically-free metallic-based structural composites showing directionally-tailored, location-specific properties.",
        "output": "{\"Synthesis\": [\"dditively fabricating \"], \"Descriptor\": [\"eometrically-free \", \"etallic-based \", \"irectionally-tailored,\", \"ocation-specific \"], \"Material\": [\"tructural composites \"], \"Property\": [\"roperties.\"]}"
    },
    {
        "instruction": "You will be provided with a string, and your task is to extract keywords from it. The type of each keyword must be one of Material, Participating Material, Synthesis, Characterization, Environment, Phenomenon, Mesostructure or Macrostructure, Microstructure, Phase, Property, Descriptor, Operation, Result, Application, Number, or Amount Unit.",
        "input": "To exemplify this capability, we present a layered metal-ceramic composite not previously reported exhibiting significant directional and site-specific dependence of properties along with crack arrest ability difficult to achieve using traditional manufacturing approaches.",
        "output": "{\"Descriptor\": [\"ayered \"], \"Material\": [\"etal-ceramic composite \"], \"Phenomenon\": [\"rack arrest \"]}"
    }
]