Datasets:

prasanthyss

/

dpop_submitted_train

like 0

###INSTRUCTION: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: For example, countries with a lot of deserts can terraform their desert to increase their habitable land and using irrigation to provide clean water to the desert. ###RESPONSE:

For example, countries with a lot of deserts can transform their desert to increase their habitable land and use irrigation to provide clean water to the desert.

For example, countries with a lot of deserts can terraform their desert to increase their habitable land and using irrigation to provide clean water to the desert.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality: As the number of people grows, the need of habitable environment is unquestionably essential. ###RESPONSE:

As the number of people grows, the need for a habitable environment is unquestionably increasing.

As the number of people increases, the need for a habitable environment is unquestionably essential.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: Besides some technologically determinists that allow the development of biometric identification, this technology is also shaped by three social factors, namely, the desire of the society for safety, convenience and economy. ###RESPONSE:

Besides some technological determinists that allow the development of biometric identification, this technology is also shaped by three social factors, namely, the desire of society for safety, convenience, and economy.

Besides some technologically determinist that allows the development of biometric identification, this technology is also shaped by three social factors, namely, the desire of society for safety, convenience, and economic.

###INSTRUCTION: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: Safety is one of the crucial problems that many countries and companies concern. ###RESPONSE:

Safety is one of the crucial problems that many countries and companies are concerned about.

Safety is a crucial problem for many countries and companies, concerned about their safety.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: On one hand more and more virus and hack can access personal computers, so the secret data and documents may be stolen. ###RESPONSE:

On the one hand, more and more viruses and hackers can access personal computers, so secret data and documents may be stolen.

On the one hand, more and more viruses and hackers have been able to access personal computers, so the secret data and documents may be stolen.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammar of this text: We can have fingerprint verification reader combined with built-in smartcard reader, and it only takes seconds to verify one's identification. ###RESPONSE:

We can have a fingerprint verification reader combined with a built-in smart card reader, and it only takes seconds to verify one's identification.

We can have a fingerprint verification reader combined with a built-in smart card reader, and it only takes seconds to verify one's identity.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in this sentence: Nuclear technology had come a long way since Ernest Rutherford first split the atom in 1917. ###RESPONSE:

Nuclear technology has come a long way since Ernest Rutherford first split the atom in 1917.

Nuclear technology has come a long way since Ernest Rutherford first split the atom in 1917.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: The subsequent realization that the additional neutrons produced from fission reaction can induce a nuclear chain reaction sparked off widespread interest in nuclear technology. ###RESPONSE:

The subsequent realization that the additional neutrons produced from a fission reaction could induce a nuclear chain reaction has sparked a widespread interest in nuclear technology.

The subsequent realization that the additional neutrons produced by fission reaction can induce a nuclear chain reaction sparked off widespread interest in nuclear technology.

###INSTRUCTION: Update to remove grammar errors: The leakage of radioactive gas into the atmosphere prompted the many anti-nuclear demonstrations that sprung up across the America in the following months. ###RESPONSE:

The leakage of radioactive gas into the atmosphere prompted the many anti-nuclear demonstrations that sprang up across America in the following months.

The leakage of radioactive gases into the atmosphere caused many anti-nuclear demonstrations that sprang up across the America in the following months.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: Although the reactor was eventually cleaned up and decontaminated, the damaged dealt to nuclear power was irreversible and caused its subsequent decline. ###RESPONSE:

Although the reactor was eventually cleaned up and decontaminated, the damage dealt to nuclear power was irreversible and caused its subsequent decline.

Although the reactor had been cleaned up and decontaminated, the damage done to nuclear power is irreversible, and it will cause its subsequent decline.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammar of this text: To partly offset this gigantic demand for energy, China had launched an ambitious program to produce 16% of its electricity from nuclear power by 2030. ###RESPONSE:

To partly offset this gigantic demand for energy, China has launched an ambitious program to produce 16% of its electricity from nuclear power by 2030.

To partially offset this giant demand for energy, China has launched an ambitious program to produce 16% of its electricity from nuclear power by 2030.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: This endeavor to produce more nuclear power have stimulated the development of safer designs of nuclear reactors. ###RESPONSE:

This endeavor to produce more nuclear power has stimulated the development of safer designs for nuclear reactors.

This effort has stimulated the development of safer designs of nuclear reactors.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: In conclusion, nuclear technology development had always been driven by social factors. ###RESPONSE:

In conclusion, nuclear technology development has always been driven by social factors.

In conclusion, nuclear technology has always been driven by social factors.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality: World War 2 had given it momentum in its initial research, but it will be mankind's need for a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source that will drive nuclear technology's future developments. ###RESPONSE:

World War 2 has given it momentum in its initial research, but it will be mankind's need for a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source that will drive nuclear technology's future developments.

World War II gave it momentum in its initial research; but it will be mankind's need for a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source that will drive nuclear technology's development.

###INSTRUCTION: Remove grammatical mistakes: These solutions may be generated by analyzing existing products to find out how the weaknesses can be improved while retaining the strength. ###RESPONSE:

These solutions may be generated by analyzing existing products to find out how the weaknesses can be overcome while retaining the strengths.

These solutions may be generated from analyzing existing products to find out how the weaknesses can be improved, and retained their strength.

###INSTRUCTION: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: Therefore careful analysis of the product has to be made before selecting a solution for testing and implementation. ###RESPONSE:

Therefore careful analysis of a product has to be made before selecting a solution for testing and implementation.

Therefore, careful analysis of the product has to be made before selecting a solution for testing and implementing it in practice.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: An example is water which is a good renewable resource and is plentiful. ###RESPONSE:

An example is water, which is a good renewable resource and is plentiful.

An example is water that is a good renewable resource, and it is abundant.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality: This is because a large body of water is needed to harness the same energy produced by a small amount of fuel. ###RESPONSE:

This is because a large body of water is needed to harness the same amount of energy produced by a small amount of fuel.

This is because a large body of water is needed to harness the same energy produced by a small amount of fuel.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: All the solutions will be thoroughly analysed by the engineers before coming to a conclusion. ###RESPONSE:

All the solutions will be thoroughly analyzed by engineers before coming to a conclusion.

All the solutions will be thoroughly analyzed by the engineers before they come to a conclusion.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality of the sentence: As a result, students have no chance to develop their creative thinking and gradually become stereotype. ###RESPONSE:

As a result, students have no chance to develop their creative thinking abilities and gradually become.

As a result, students have no chance to develop their creativity and gradually become stereotypes.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: However, after one year study, he found history not suitable for himself and became interested in physics and showed great talent. ###RESPONSE:

However, after one year's study, he found history not suitable for him and became interested in physics, and showed great talent.

However, after one year of studying, he found history not suitable for him; and became interested in physics and showed great talent.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar: Whether China can take this chance to catch up with those well-developed countries or even surpass them depends on China's trail of solving the present problems. ###RESPONSE:

Whether China can take this chance to catch up with those well-developed countries or even surpass them depends on China's solving the present problems.

Whether China can take this chance to catch up with those well-developed countries or even surpass them depends on China's track of solving the present problems.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammar of this text: If China can come up with effective policy to change its education system and stimulate innovation, China's pace to flourish may become even faster. ###RESPONSE:

If China can come up with an effective policy to change its education system and stimulate innovation, China's pace to flourish may become even faster.

If China can come up with an effective policy to change its education system and stimulate innovation, China's pace to flourish will be even faster.

###INSTRUCTION: Make the sentence grammatical: The process of developing a new product based on innovation is not an easy task for the innovators. ###RESPONSE:

The process of developing a new product based on innovation is not an easy task for innovators.

The process of developing a new product based on innovation is not an easy task for the innovators.

###INSTRUCTION: Make the sentence grammatical: By diffusion and adoption of the innovation products by the public or specific users, the innovators have to face the consequences. ###RESPONSE:

Through the distribution and adoption of innovative products by the public or specific users, innovators have to face the consequences.

By diffusion and adoption of the innovation products by the public or specific users, the innovators have to face the consequences.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality of this text: These are not the only challenges that the innovators are going to deal with. ###RESPONSE:

These are not the only challenges that innovators are going to deal with.

These are not the only challenges that the innovators are going to deal with.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar errors: In order to process from the initial stage of innovation development to the final stage, the most important issue is to have a huge sum of fund for development and commercial purposes. ###RESPONSE:

In order to proceed from the initial stage of innovation development to the final stage, the most important issue is to have a huge sum of funds for development and commercial purposes.

In order to process from the initial stage of innovation development to the final stage, the most important issues are to have a huge sum of funds for development and commercial purposes.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: So, the manufacture company, for example, the company that the innovators are working for, is one of the major investors that is providing the fund. ###RESPONSE:

So, the manufacturing company, for example, the company that innovators are working for, is one of the major investors that is providing the fund.

So, the manufacturing company, for example, the company that the innovators are working for, is one of the major investors that is providing the funds to the fund.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix all grammatical errors: For example, if the manufacturing company did not earn profit in the market, then in order to reduce the cost and prevent the loss from getting worse, the manufacturing company has to stop funding the innovators for their prototypes development. ###RESPONSE:

For example, if the manufacturing company does not earn profit in the market, then in order to reduce the cost and prevent the loss from getting worse, the manufacturing company has to stop funding the innovators for the development of their prototypes.

For example, if the manufacturing company does not earn a profit in the market, then it will have to stop funding the innovators for their prototype development.

###INSTRUCTION: Update to remove grammar errors: Then the innovators have to stop all works for the development. ###RESPONSE:

Then the innovators have to stop all work for the development.

Then, the innovators have to stop all work for the development of new technologies.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix the grammatical mistakes: This shows that the manufacturing companies are trying to reduce the unnecessary burden to maintain the companies' stand. ###RESPONSE:

This shows that manufacturing companies are trying to reduce the unnecessary burden to maintain the companies' stand.

This shows that the manufacturing companies are trying to reduce the unnecessary burden on the companies' stand.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality: Therefore, this is one of the major factors that will definitely affect the innovators from developing innovation products. ###RESPONSE:

Therefore, this is one of the major factors that will definitely affect innovators from developing innovative products.

Therefore, this is one of the major factors that will definitely affect the innovators in developing innovative product.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix errors in this text: For example, the marketing department thinks that the innovated products are not relevant to what the company is selling. ###RESPONSE:

For example, the marketing department thinks that the new products are not relevant to what the company is selling.

For example, the marketing department thinks that the innovative products are not relevant to what the company is selling.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: They have to obtain fund from the investors in order to develop their innovation prototypes and require help from the marketing department to have their innovation products for sales in the marketplace. ###RESPONSE:

They have to obtain funds from investors in order to develop their innovation prototypes and require help from the marketing department to have their innovative products for sale in the marketplace.

They must obtain funds from the investors in order to develop their innovative prototype and require help from the marketing department to have their innovative product sold on the market.

###INSTRUCTION: Make the sentence fluent: Engineering design is defined as a process that brings ideas or theories into physical representations which satisfies human needs. ###RESPONSE:

Engineering design is defined as a process that brings ideas or theories into physical representations which satisfy human needs.

Engineering design is defined as a process that brings ideas or theories to physical representations, which satisfy human needs.

###INSTRUCTION: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: Because Engineering designs are always related to real problem, during the five processes, the obstacles they face are more than theories and calculations on paper. ###RESPONSE:

Because engineering designs are always related to real problems, during the five processes, the obstacles they face are more than theories and calculations on paper.

Because engineering design is always related to a real problem, during the five processes, the obstacles they face are more than theoretical models and calculations on paper.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix the grammatical mistakes: Political issues usually become realized in the beginning and final steps, especially in the last step. ###RESPONSE:

Political issues usually become relevant in the beginning and final steps, especially in the last step.

Political issues usually become realized in the beginning and final stages of their development, especially at the end.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors: In the last step of design, political issues also disturb the process significantly. ###RESPONSE:

In the last step of design, political issues can also disrupt the process significantly.

In the last step of design, political issues also disturb the process significantly.

###INSTRUCTION: Make the sentence fluent: However, when the design had been carried out for a few weeks, it was stopped. ###RESPONSE:

However, after the design had been carried out for a few weeks, it was stopped.

However, when the design had been carried out for a few weeks, it was stopped.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: In this example, there is nothing wrong with the original design work, but the design still cannot be carried out due to political inconsistent between the city government and higher level authorities. ###RESPONSE:

In this example, there is nothing wrong with the original design work, but the design still cannot be carried out due to political inconsistency between the city government and higher-level authorities.

In this example, there is no problem with the original design work; but the design still cannot be carried out due to political inconsistency between the city government and higher levels of authority.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality: It affects the analyzing and test step most seriously though it can affect almost every step of design work. ###RESPONSE:

It affects the analyzing and the test step most seriously though it can affect almost every step of design work.

It affects the analysis and testing steps most seriously, but it can affect almost all steps of design work.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors: Besides, the lack of financial support or sudden stop in the financial support may even lead to the incomplete of a project. ###RESPONSE:

Besides, the lack of financial support or sudden stop in the financial support may even lead to the incompletion of a project.

Besides, the lack of financial support or sudden stop in the financial support may even lead to the complete failure of a project.

###INSTRUCTION: Grammar improvements: Humankind always has needs and demands because people want to lead more comfortable and easier life. ###RESPONSE:

Humankind always has needs and demands because people want to lead a more comfortable and easier life.

Humankind always has needs and demands because people want to live a more comfortable and easier life.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix the grammatical mistakes: There are various fields which engineering plays an important role in our daily lives, such as entertainment, healthcare, transportation, real estate, and so on. ###RESPONSE:

There are various fields in which engineering plays an important role in our daily lives, such as entertainment, healthcare, transportation, real estate, and so on.

There are various fields that engineering plays a major role in our daily lives, such as entertainment, healthcare, transportation, real estate, and so on.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality: The cost of raw materials has risen significantly from the year 2003 to year 2009 and it has affected the electronics supply chain. ###RESPONSE:

The cost of raw materials has risen significantly from the year 2003 to the year 2009, and it has affected the electronics supply chain.

The cost of raw materials has risen significantly since the year 2003, and it has affected the electronics supply chain.

###INSTRUCTION: Make the sentence grammatical: Hence designs that need large amount of gold may not be feasible. ###RESPONSE:

Hence designs that need a large amount of gold may not be feasible.

Hence, designs that require a lot of gold may not be feasible.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix the grammatical mistakes: However, if the engineers were to stick to their original design, the cost of the end product will be high. ###RESPONSE:

However, if the engineers are to stick to their original design, the cost of the end product will be high.

However, if the engineers had to stick to their original design, the cost of the end product would be high.

###INSTRUCTION: Update to remove grammar errors: Hazardous product can tarnish the reputation of the company and sometimes even result in the loss of innocent lives. ###RESPONSE:

Hazardous products can tarnish the reputation of the company and sometimes even result in the loss of innocent lives.

Hazardous products can tarnish the reputation of a company, and sometimes even result in the loss of innocent lives.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: Thus it is very important for engineers to do repeated trial test of the product to ensure that it is free of faults. ###RESPONSE:

Thus it is very important for engineers to do repeated trial tests of the product to ensure that it is free of faults.

Thus, it is very important for engineers to do repeated trials of the product to ensure that it is free from faults.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors: As we understand the relevance and importance of engineering design, we will come to realize that in reality there are several factors that preventing the progress of engineering design. ###RESPONSE:

As we understand the relevance and importance of engineering design, we will come to realize that, in reality, there are several factors that prevent the progress of engineering design.

As we understand the relevance and importance of engineering design, we will come to realize that in reality, there are several factors that prevent the progress of engineering design.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical mistakes in this sentence: In Singapore, there is only a certain fixed amount in the country's national budget allocated of the research and development sector. ###RESPONSE:

In Singapore, there is a certain fixed amount in the country's national budget allocated to the research and development sector.

In Singapore, there is only a certain fixed amount in the country's national budget allocated to the research and development sectors.

###INSTRUCTION: Remove grammatical mistakes: Some feel that in these tough economical times, it is wiser to splurge the money on restructuring the economy or providing more incentives to instill entrepreneurship, rather than investing in research in engineering design. ###RESPONSE:

Some feel that in these tough economic times, it is wiser to spend the money on restructuring the economy or providing more incentives to encourage entrepreneurship rather than investing in research in engineering design.

Some feel that in these tough economic times, it is wiser to splurge on spending money on restructuring the economy or providing more incentives for entrepreneurs instead of investing in research in engineering design.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality of the sentence: Secondly, the amount of creative people in Singapore is small, which may be a major reason for the hampering of innovative engineering design. ###RESPONSE:

Secondly, the number of creative people in Singapore is small, which may be a major reason for the hampering of innovative engineering design.

Secondly, the number of creative people in Singapore is relatively small, which may be a major reason for the hampering of innovative engineering design.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors: The population of Singapore is scarce compared to other countries in the region. ###RESPONSE:

The population of Singapore is small compared to other countries in the region.

The population of Singapore is a scarce compared to other countries in the region.

###INSTRUCTION: Grammar improvements: The impact on having a limited amount of creative people has resulted in Singapore having to resort to buying foreign-based engineering design equipment from overseas. ###RESPONSE:

The impact of having a limited number of creative people has resulted in Singapore having to resort to buying foreign-based engineering design equipment from overseas.

The impact on having a limited number of creative people has resulted in Singapore having to resort to buying foreign-based engineering design equipment from abroad.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammar of this text: However, the 3 M researchers found out this failed bonding agent was suitable for attaching notes which satisfy many people's needs. ###RESPONSE:

However, the 3 M researchers found that this failed bonding agent was suitable for attaching notes which satisfied many people's needs.

However, the 3 M researchers found out that this failed bonding agent was suitable for attaching notes which satisfy many people's needs.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: Thus post-it note was invented from this idea. ###RESPONSE:

Thus the post-it note was invented from this idea.

Thus, the post-it note is invented from this idea.

###INSTRUCTION: Make the sentence fluent: In this manner, many other serendipitous technologies have been discovered and solved many irrelevant problems. ###RESPONSE:

In this manner, many other serendipitous technologies have been discovered and have solved many problems.

In this manner, many other serendipitous technologies have been discovered and solved many relevant problems.

###INSTRUCTION: Remove grammar mistakes: Thus, it is fair to say that either conventional technology or serendipitous technology is stimulated by the realization of problems and needs. ###RESPONSE:

Thus, it is fair to say that both conventional technology and serendipitous technology are stimulated by the realization of problems and needs.

Thus, it is fair to say that either conventional technology or serendipitous technology is stimulated by the realization of problems and needs.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: If the refrigerator was remained as it was invented in 1910s and no further development has been made to improve its quality, the refrigerator would just be an unsuccessful invention due to its low efficiency and high cost. ###RESPONSE:

If the refrigerator had remained as it was invented in the 1910s and no further development had been made to improve its quality, the refrigerator would just be an unsuccessful invention due to its low efficiency and high cost.

If the refrigerator had remained as it was invented in 1910s and no further development has been made to improve its quality, the refrigerator would simply be a unsuccessful invention because of its low efficiency and high cost.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: How other people get to know your products and been convinced to use them. ###RESPONSE:

How other people get to know about your products and are convinced to use them.

How other people get to know you products, and be convinced to use them.

###INSTRUCTION: Remove grammar mistakes: From these two examples above, it is clear that another similarity between conventional technology and serendipitous technology is the process of development and commercialization which involved a lot of hard work. ###RESPONSE:

From these two examples, it is clear that another similarity between conventional technology and serendipitous technology is the process of development and commercialization which involve a lot of hard work.

From these two examples above, it is clear that another similarity between conventional technology and serendipitous technology is the process of development and commercialization which involves a lot of hard work.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: Research is usually based on certain organizations and it requires some time, funds and resources before the researchers can finally obtain the expected results. ###RESPONSE:

Research is usually based in certain organizations, and it requires some time, funds, and resources before the researchers can finally obtain the expected results.

Research is usually based on certain organizations and it requires a certain amount of time, money, and resources before the researchers can finally obtain the expected results.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix all grammatical errors: This is, in fact, not encouraged by the traditional idea of Chinese people. ###RESPONSE:

This is, in fact, not encouraged by the traditional philosophy of Chinese people.

This is, in fact, not encouraged by the traditional idea of Chinese people.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: I believe these problems obstructing engineering innovation will be solved in the near future. ###RESPONSE:

Thus, I believe these problems obstructing engineering innovation will be solved in the near future.

I believe that these problems obstructing engineering innovation will be solved in the near future.

###INSTRUCTION: Grammar improvements: Understanding the differences and similarities between such a path that inventors take and conventionally generated technologies will help us to better appreciate their efforts & the hardships they had to go through in their endeavours. ###RESPONSE:

Understanding the differences and similarities between such a path that inventors take and conventionally generated technologies will help us to better appreciate their efforts & the hardships they have to go through in their endeavors.

Understanding the differences and similarities between such a path that inventors take and conventional technology will help us to better appreciate their efforts, and the hardships they have to go through in their endeavors.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: These planes are not only a mark of development in speed but also in agility. ###RESPONSE:

These planes are a mark of development not only in speed but also in agility.

These planes are not only a mark of development in speed, but they also have the ability to be agile.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors: Most importantly, we see that these needs of the military were a driving force behind the development and enhancement of the aircraft. ###RESPONSE:

Most importantly, we see that the needs of the military were a driving force behind the development and enhancement of the aircraft.

Most importantly, we see that these needs for the military were a driving force behind the development and enhancement of the aircraft.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix the grammatical mistakes: Secondly, social factors guided the growth of planes. ###RESPONSE:

Secondly, social factors have guided the growth of planes.

Secondly, social factors have guided the growth of planes.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: It is noticeable that the size of commercial planes increased over the years in the response to meet the rise in global travelers. ###RESPONSE:

It is noticeable that the size of commercial planes has increased over the years in response to the rise in global travelers.

It is evident that the size of commercial planes has increased over the years in response to the rise in global travel.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar errors: These modifications were indeed not possible if not for the varying social as well as military requirements during different eras. ###RESPONSE:

These modifications would indeed not have been possible if not for the varying social as well as military requirements during different eras.

These modifications were indeed not possible if not for the varying social and military requirements during different eras.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix errors in this text: When there is a need for something, a technology is create to solve the problem. ###RESPONSE:

When there is a need for something, technology is created to solve the problem.

When there is a need for something, a technology is created to solve the problem.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality: This implies that automobile companies had to pull in large sums of money for research and development work to create and promote the sales of such cars. ###RESPONSE:

This implied that automobile companies had to pull in large sums of money for research and development work to create and promote the sales of such cars.

This implies that automobile companies have to pull in a lot of money for research and development work to create and promote the sale of such cars.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in the sentence: However the cost to finance this project will be high as much research and development have to be done. ###RESPONSE:

However, the cost to finance this project will be high as much research and development have to be done.

However, the cost of financing this project will be high because much research and development has to be done.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality: As mentioned, the Inconvenient Truth has shown that there is a direct link between carbon emissions and the rising temperatures of the Earth. ###RESPONSE:

As mentioned, the Inconvenient Truth has shown that there is a direct link between carbon emissions and the rising temperatures of the earth.

As mentioned in the Inconvenient Truth, the Inconvenient Truth shows that there is a direct link between carbon emissions and the rise in temperature on Earth.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: There many alternative source of energy can be used and applied in our life, such as solar energy, light energy, wind energy, water power and so on. ###RESPONSE:

There are many alternative sources of energy that can be used and applied in our life, such as solar energy, light energy, wind energy, water power, and so on.

There are many alternative sources of energy that can be used and applied in our lives, such as solar energy, light energy, wind energy, water power, and so on.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar: The 21st century is faced with a severe problem of global energy shortage. ###RESPONSE:

The world in the 21st century is faced with the severe problem of global energy shortage.

The 21st century is facing a severe problem of global energy shortage.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: The rate of energy consumption by human is much higher than what nature is able to produce. ###RESPONSE:

However, the rate of energy consumption by humans is much higher than what nature is able to produce.

The rate of energy consumption by humans is much higher than that of nature, which can be produced through natural processes.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar: Therefore, the last decade has witnessed the increasing energy price due to insufficient supply of energy. ###RESPONSE:

Therefore, the last decade has witnessed increasing energy prices due to an insufficient supply of energy.

Therefore, the last decade has witnessed an increase in the energy price due to insufficient supply of energy.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: In response to energy shortage, engineers design more efficient products and systems. ###RESPONSE:

In response to energy shortage, engineers are designing more efficient products and systems.

In response to the energy shortage, engineers design more efficient products and systems.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar in this sentence: Natural movements such as tide, wind and wave can all be used for generating power. ###RESPONSE:

Natural movements such as the tide, the wind, and the waves can all be used for generating power.

Natural movements such as the tides, wind, and waves can all be used to generate electricity.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality of the sentence: It shows that nuclear power may gradually replace traditional oil and petroleum. ###RESPONSE:

This shows that nuclear power may gradually replace traditional oil and petroleum.

It shows that nuclear power may eventually be replaced by traditional oil and petroleum.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix errors in this text: Although it seems very optimistic that many potential alternative energy resources can be found, there are, in fact, other economic and social constrains faced by engineers. ###RESPONSE:

Although it seems very optimistic that many potential alternative energy resources can be found, there are, in fact, other economic and social constraints faced by engineers.

Although it seems very optimistic that many potential alternative energy resources can be found, there are, in fact, other economic and social constraints facing engineers.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: To conclude, engineering design process can be applied to help solve the current problem of global energy shortage. ###RESPONSE:

To conclude, engineering design processes can be applied to help solve the current problem of global energy shortage.

To conclude, the engineering design process can be used to help solve the current problem of a global energy shortage

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: Technologies are always developed to cater certain needs of people, whether to provide better methods of doing things or to develop tools that facilitate working and living. ###RESPONSE:

Technologies are usually developed to cater to certain needs of people, whether to provide better methods of doing things or to develop tools that facilitate working and living.

Technologies are always developed to cater certain needs of people, whether to provide better methods of doing things or to develop tools that facilitate working and living.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar: Virtual technology has been designed with a series of unique properties to address the observed social needs by engaging a large user population. ###RESPONSE:

Virtual technology was designed with a series of unique properties to address the observed social needs by engaging a large user population.

Virtual technology has been designed with a series of unique properties to address the observed social needs by engaging a large user population.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammaticality of this text: New technologies had made people realize the underlying economic opportunities beyond geographic barriers and national boundaries. ###RESPONSE:

New technologies have made people realize the underlying economic opportunities beyond geographic barriers and national boundaries.

New technologies have made people realize that underlying economic opportunities beyond geographical borders, and national boundaries.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality of the sentence: Catering to this need, a series of solutions has been developed based on virtual technology. ###RESPONSE:

Catering to this need, a series of solutions have been developed based on virtual technology.

Catering to this need, a series of solutions have been developed based on virtual technology.

###INSTRUCTION: Grammar improvements: Apart from the demands from business and education, other factors have also shaped the development of virtual technology and solutions have been designed to meet the needs. ###RESPONSE:

Apart from the demands from business and education, other factors have also shaped the development of virtual technology, and solutions have been designed to meet these needs.

Apart from the demands from business and education, other factors have also shaped the development of virtual technologies and solutions have been designed to meet the needs.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammaticality: The development of virtual technology is shaped by social factors such as the business environment, educational needs and military demands. ###RESPONSE:

Thus, the development of virtual technology has been shaped by social factors such as the business environment, educational needs, and military demands.

The development of virtual technology is shaped by social factors such as the business environment, education needs, and military demands

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar errors: However, problems inevitably generate and affect the process of innovation due to the improper strategies or methods. ###RESPONSE:

However, problems inevitably arise and affect the process of innovation due to improper strategies or methods.

However, problems inevitably generate and affect the process of innovation due to the improper strategies or methods.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: In other words, these designs are produced without adequate market survey, so they turn out to be unwelcomed among public. ###RESPONSE:

In other words, these designs are produced without adequate market survey, so they turn out to be unwelcomed by the public.

In other words, these designs are produced without a sufficient market survey, so they turn out to be unwelcome among the public.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar: Though the designs are products of fantastic conception, they become useless as rubbish once out of market. ###RESPONSE:

Though the designs are products of fantastic conception, they become useless like rubbish once booted out of the market.

Though the designs are products of fantastic conceptions, they become useless as waste after being out of market.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: After the policy of reform and opening-up, Chinese government has long been encouraging people to make varieties of innovations. ###RESPONSE:

After China adopted the policy of reform and opening up, the Chinese government has long been encouraging people to make varieties of innovations.

After the policy of reform and open-up, the Chinese government has long been encouraging people to make varieties of innovations.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix errors in this text: As long as the application documents meet the format, the patent will be approved. ###RESPONSE:

As long as the application documents meet the required format, the patent will be approved.

As long as the application documents are formatted correctly, the patent will be approved.

###INSTRUCTION: Update to remove grammar errors: Normally the lawsuits of patent infringement can be settled out of court due to the high cost and complicated procedures. ###RESPONSE:

Normally patent infringement lawsuits can be settled out of court due to the high cost and complicated procedures.

Normally, the lawsuits of patent infringement can be settled out of court due to the high costs and complex procedures involved in the process.

###INSTRUCTION: Improve the grammar of this text: As a developing country, now China is facing problems on many fields. ###RESPONSE:

As a developing country, China is now facing problems in many fields.

As a developing country, now China is facing problems in many fields.

###INSTRUCTION: Remove grammatical mistakes: China's education is typical exam-oriented education. ###RESPONSE:

China's education is a typical exam-oriented education.

China's education system is typical of an exam-oriented education.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: However, the policy of engineering and industry cannot meet the needs. ###RESPONSE:

However, the policy of engineering and industry cannot meet these needs.

However, the policy of engineering and industry cannot meet the needs.

###INSTRUCTION: Fix grammar: In the technological age, since independent innovation is very important to a nation's development, society needs the people with innovative talent. ###RESPONSE:

In the technological age, since independent innovation is very important to a nation's development, society needs people with innovative talent.

In the technological age, since independent innovation is very important for a nation's development, society needs individuals who have innovative talents.