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245460700 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-12-25T16:12:21.876Z | 2021-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | INTERIOR DESIGN IN THE RESTORATION OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF PLASTIC ARTS OF MOLDOVA
This paper presents a scientific analysis of interior design in the restoration process of the National Museum of Arts of Moldova. The interior design segment is historically researched through the genre of architecture, from the historical compartment of the XIX-XX century. In the same context, several works of various architects who designed important constructions in Kishinev are analyzed. The study highlights the role and responsibility of interior design in the process of restoration and capitalization of the national cultural heritage. It also analyzes the correspondence or synchronization of new implementations in design with the stylistic concept achieved in the historical period. |
219906000 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-06-11T09:09:56.511Z | 2020-06-04T00:00:00.000Z | Unravelling the Chemistry of the [Cu(4,7-Dichloroquinoline)2Br2]2 Dimeric Complex through Structural Analysis: A Borderline Ligand Field Case
Large dark prismatic crystals (P 1 ¯ ) consisting of closely packed centrosymmetric [Cu(4,7-dichloroquinoline)2]2Br4 binuclear units are formed when 4,7-dichloroquinoline (DCQ, C9H5NCl2) binds copper(II). Cu2+ adopts a strongly distorted square pyramidal coordination geometry, perturbed by electrostatic interactions with two axial μ–Br ligands acting as highly asymmetric bridges. It is shown that, as electronic states of ligands are higher in energy than the metal ones, antibonding orbitals bear significant ligand-like character and electronic charge is partially transferred from inner-sphere coordinated halogen atoms to copper. Overall, the title compound sits on the Hoffman’s border between main group and transition chemistry, with non-negligible contributions of the ligands to the frontier orbitals. The relative energy placement of metal and ligand states determines an internal redox process, where the metal is slightly reduced at the expense of partial oxidation of the bromide ligands. In fact, the crystal structure is partially disordered due to the substitution of some penta-coordinated Cu(II) centers with tetra-coordinated Cu(I) ions. The geometry of the complex is rationalized in terms of electrostatic-driven distortions from an ideal octahedral prototype. Implications on the reactivity of Cu(II)–quinoline complexes are discussed. |
237588000 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-09-01T15:13:02.695Z | 2021-06-21T00:00:00.000Z | Robust design under cumulative damage due to dynamic failure mechanisms
The purpose of this paper is to broaden the practical notion of Taguchi's Quality Loss Function (QLF) from a static, one‐stage concept into a dynamic time‐varying tool. Taguchi challenged the old‐age notion of engineering tolerance and proposed a quadratic QLF that quantifies loss to society, caused by deviation of products and systems from their target values. Accordingly, design engineers attempt to set each technical parameter to minimize such systems' losses. Traditionally, failure mechanisms are assumed to affect systems' performance stochastically under a steady state. So often, technical parameters are set at the mid‐point between the lower and upper specification limits where they are least likely to cause a system failure. However, in reality, many failure mechanisms affect systems over time in a predictable and directional manner rather than stochastically. Such mechanisms are designated as “Directional Degrading Failure Mechanisms”. The paper describes an optimized robust design method based on setting the operating points of technical parameters to explicitly counteract the effects of such failure mechanisms. Then, the paper describes how to minimize the lifetime societal loss of a given system utilizing a cardiac pacemaker system. The consequence of this approach suggests an extension to the Taguchi's QLF from its current static confines to a dynamic, time‐varying concept achieving, in our example, ≈65% reduction in lifetime societal losses. |
99463950 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-08T13:10:01.261Z | 2015-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | Effect of elevated levels of hemoglobin F on HbA1c measurements: Evaluation of three HbA1c assays
Introduction: Accurate measurement of HbA1c is crucial in the diabetic control and diagnosis. Elevated levels of HbF are reported to falsely decrease the HbA1c result and effect is very much method dependent. Material & Methods: Commercial assay methods G8 HPLC analyzer and DCA 2000 were evaluated. G8 is an ion exchange, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method that measures the HbA1c as a percentage of total amounts of hemoglobin present in the sample. Two whole blood EDTA patient pools were prepared with HbA1c concentrations in the normal (5% to 7%) and abnormal range (7% to 8%). All chromatograms from G8 were reviewed for any change in the peak resolution time due HbF concentrations. Results: The mean value for normal and abnormal pool was 5.8% and 7.5% resp. HbF showed no interference on Tosoh HbA1c results up to 30% in normal pool and up to 25% in abnormal pool. Observed difference between G8 and both Dimension EXL and DCA 2000 was clinically significant beyond 10% HbF. Conclusion: Accurate measurement of HbA1c is crucial for the decision making for diabetic control and diagnosis. The allowable error proposed by College of American Pathologist (CAP) is 6% therefore, appropriate knowledge about factors interfering with HbA1c results is absolutely important. |
46775550 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:23:40.015Z | 1987-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Noradrenaline, by activation of alpha-1-adrenoceptors in the region of the supraoptic nucleus, causes secretion of vasopressin in the unanaesthetized rat.
In unanaesthetized rats chronically prepared with venous and intracerebral cannulae, noradrenaline injected into the region of the supraoptic nuclei caused a dose-dependent increase in plasma vasopressin, measured by radioimmunoassay. A similar response was obtained with phenylephrine, but not with either clonidine or isoprenaline. The secretion of vasopressin was not secondary to change in arterial pressure, since similar injections of noradrenaline resulted in a small increase in arterial pressure, measured in the anaesthetized rat. These results suggest that noradrenaline stimulates alpha-1-adrenoceptors, presumably located on vasopressin-secreting neurones, thereby causing these cells to secrete vasopressin into the circulation. Tyramine injections also resulted in a prompt elevation in plasma vasopressin, indicating that endogenous noradrenaline is capable of releasing vasopressin. |
10449850 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-18T11:53:01.324Z | 2009-08-03T00:00:00.000Z | Statistical Analysis of Discrete Dynamical System Models for Biological Networks
Very few data-driven methods for dynamic biological networks reconstruction from gene expression data evaluate the statistical significance of a model. A hypothesis testing procedure examining the goodness of fit of trajectory-based modeling is designed, in contrast to transition-based model fitting. The former has substantially reduced the modeling error. Simulation studies on the residual between noisy observations and true system dynamics suggest the use of the statistical hypothesis testing, so that one can evaluate how significantly a model is supported by the observed data under certain noise distribution. This method can also evaluate the dynamic model for each individual gene. Through a biochemical reaction model in the yeast pheromone pathway the effectiveness of the proposed evaluation procedure is demonstrated. |
17144110 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-10T09:47:28.693Z | 2005-05-11T00:00:00.000Z | IR drop and ground bounce awareness timing model
As the IC technology scales down, the effect of IR drop/ground bounce becomes increasingly significant. IR drop and ground bounce can compromise the gate driving capability and degrade the IC performance, and even can make IC functional failures. Hence, it is crucial to capture this effect efficiently and accurately in order to improve circuit reliability. In this paper, we proposed a timing model with consideration of IR drop and ground bounce. Our model can be derived directly from the existing timing tables (e.g. Synopsys.db or CLF tables), which are used in normal timing analysis. Compared with the traditional k-factor approach, our method does not require SPICE netlist and SPICE simulations. Moreover, the accuracy of our model is better than k-factor approach. |
96715760 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-06T13:11:38.961Z | 2014-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Metal-oxide-semiconductor AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors using TiN/AlO stack gate layer deposited by reactive sputtering
In this paper, the influence of deposition conditions and post annealing upon the device performance of sputtering-deposited TiN/AlO/AlGaN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors is reported. The metal-oxide-semiconductor structure on GaN with AlO deposited in a medium O2/Ar ratio possessed the smallest interfacial state density and reverse leakage current. Metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors with a small hysteresis and a low leakage current were obtained by depositing AlO with a medium O2/Ar ratio and post-annealing at 600 °C for 1 min. After annealing, the maximum transconductance shows some decrease, resulting in a decrease of saturation drain current. |
35064860 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-06-17T07:13:27.751Z | 2006-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Expression of neuropeptides B and W and their receptors in endocrine glands of the rat.
Neuropeptides B and W (NPB and NPW) have been identified as endogenous ligands of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPR) 7 and 8, which in humans are expressed in the hypothalamus and probably involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis and feeding behavior. GPR8 is absent in the rat, where the GPR8-like receptor (GPR8-LR) has been described. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detected the expression of NPB, NPW, GPR7 and GPR8-LR mRNAs in the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid glands, pancreatic islets, adrenal glands, ovary and testis of the rat. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated the presence of NPB and NPW immunoreactivities in these same glands. Radioimmune assay showed that the bolus intraperitoneal injection of 2 nmol/100 g NPB or NPW raised the plasma levels of parathyroid hormone, corticosterone and testosterone. NPB also increased the blood concentration of thyroxine, and NPW that of ACTH and estradiol. Taken together, these findings allow us to suggest that NPB and NPW play a role in the autocrine-paracrine functional regulation of the endocrine system in the rat. |
5108060 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-11-08T20:30:34.883Z | 2006-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Collectivism, Political Control, and Gating in Chinese Cities
This paper provides a conceptual framework emphasizing the role of culture and the state in understanding gating in different countries, and applies it to examine the long-existing and widespread neighborhood enclosure and gating in Chinese cities. It is argued that the collectivist culture deeply embedded in Chinese society and tight political control actively pursued by the government contribute to the widespread character of gating in China, whereas dominant Western-based theories such as the discourse of fear and private provision of public services are less applicable, even though they are becoming increasingly important in the new gated private housing. Gating and neighborhood enclosure in China help to define a sense of collectivism and foster social solidarity. Thus gating per se does not necessarily lead to residential segregation, although it begins to reinforce segregation in the reform era. Gating also facilitates political control through neighborhood-level governments whose jurisdiction often corresponds to enclosed neighborhoods but forms change between different political-historical periods. Thus, while the physical form of gating is similar between China and the United States, the underlying sociopolitical constructs and implications are quite different. |
2235710 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:49:32.786Z | 2016-08-10T00:00:00.000Z | Ascorbate-dependent impact on cell-derived matrix in modulation of stiffness and rejuvenation of infrapatellar fat derived stem cells toward chondrogenesis
Developing an in vitro microenvironment using cell-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is a promising approach to efficiently expand adult stem cells for cartilage engineering and regeneration. Ascorbic acid serves as a critical stimulus for cells to synthesize collagens, which constitute the major component of dECM. In this study, we hypothesized that optimization of ascorbate treatment would maximize the rejuvenation effect of dECM on expanded stem cells from human infrapatellar fat pad in both proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation. In the duration regimen study, we found that dECM without L-ascorbic acid phosphate (AA) treatment, exhibiting lower stiffness measured by atomic force microscopy, yielded expanded cells with higher proliferation capacity but lower chondrogenic potential when compared to those with varied durations of AA treatment. dECM with 250 µM of AA treatment for 10 d had better rejuvenation in chondrogenic capacity if the deposited cells were from passage 2 rather than passage 5, despite no significant difference in matrix stiffness. In the dose regimen study, we found that dECMs deposited by varied concentrations of AA yielded expanded cells with higher proliferation capacity despite lower expression levels of stem cell related surface markers. Compared to cells expanded on tissue culture polystyrene, those on dECM exhibited greater chondrogenic potential, particularly for the dECMs with 50 µM and 250 µM of AA treatment. With the supplementation of ethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB), an inhibitor targeting procollagen synthesis, the dECM with 50 µM of AA treatment exhibited a dramatic decrease in the rejuvenation effect of expanded cell chondrogenic potential at both mRNA and protein levels despite no significant difference in matrix stiffness. Defined AA treatments during matrix preparation will benefit dECM-mediated stem cell engineering and future treatments for cartilage defects. |
24006410 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:26:17.147Z | 2017-12-29T00:00:00.000Z | A dark mode in scanning thermal microscopy.
The need for high lateral spatial resolution in thermal science using Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM) has pushed researchers to look for more and more tiny probes. SThM probes have consequently become more and more sensitive to the size effects that occur within the probe, the sample, and their interaction. Reducing the tip furthermore induces very small heat flux exchanged between the probe and the sample. The measurement of this flux, which is exploited to characterize the sample thermal properties, requires then an accurate thermal management of the probe-sample system and to reduce any phenomenon parasitic to this system. Classical experimental methodologies must then be constantly questioned to hope for relevant and interpretable results. In this paper, we demonstrate and estimate the influence of the laser of the optical force detection system used in the common SThM setup that is based on atomic-force microscopy equipment on SThM measurements. We highlight the bias induced by the overheating due to the laser illumination on the measurements performed by thermoresistive probes (palladium probe from Kelvin Nanotechnology). To face this issue, we propose a new experimental procedure based on a metrological approach of the measurement: a SThM "dark mode." The comparison with the classical procedure using the laser shows that errors between 14% and 37% can be reached on the experimental data exploited to determine the heat flux transferred from the hot probe to the sample. |
10730560 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-06-10T20:58:05.576Z | 2005-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in human metastatic prostate and breast cancer.
AIM
To analyze the expression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in prostate and breast cancers with established metastasis in bone, where prostate cancer causes osteoblastic metastases, and breast cancer osteolytic metastases.
METHODS
Primary tumor specimens from 20 patients with prostate cancer and 15 with breast cancer were studied for BMP-2/4, -3, -5, -6 and -7 immunohistochemistry. All patients had multiple bone metastases proven by bone scan. We also examined BMPs expression in normal prostate and breast tissues. BMPs expression was compared with clinicopathological and biochemical parameters.
RESULTS
Cytoplasmic BMPs immunostaining was observed in both prostate cancer and normal prostate tissue. Expression of BMP-2/4, -5, -6, and -7 proteins was detected in all normal prostate samples, with the predominance of BMP-2/4 (87.8-/+11.4% positive cells) and BMP-7 (94.6-/+0.9% positive cells). In prostate cancer tissues, we found variable expression of all BMPs. BMP-2/4 (83-/+11.6% positive cells) was predominantly expressed in prostate carcinoma, whereas the expression of BMP-7 (24.3-/+19.2% positive cells) was significantly lower than in the normal prostate. In all breast cancers tissues, we found nuclear staining only for BMP-7. In normal breast tissue, the BMP expression was not detectable. The percent of BMP-7 positive cells in breast cancer (86.4-/+7.3%) was higher than in prostatic cancer. Comparing BMP expression levels and clinicopathological parameters, we did not find statistical difference, except for serum alkaline phosphatase, which was significantly higher in patients with prostate cancer.
CONCLUSION
The expression of BMPs differs between prostate and breast cancer cells. Identifying the BMP proteins in cancers may be useful for monitoring the tumor status with reference to metastases. |
252363860 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-09-19T15:05:05.918Z | 2020-12-31T00:00:00.000Z | Construction of the Qur’anic Values as the Basis for Islamic Education Development: A Study of Abdullah Saeed’s Thought
The present study aims to elucidate the construction of the values of the Qur’an ​​as the basis for the Islamic education development based on Abdullah Saeed’s thought. The concept of a hierarchy of values initiated by Abdullah Saeed is a continuation of Rahman’s general principles, proposing a new way of looking at the ethico-legal verses in the Qur’an, so that this concept is very pivotal in contemporary Qur’anic studies. Framed in a library research with a content analysis, this study constructed a basic framework from the values ​​of the Qur’an. Abdullah Saeed’s book entitled “Interpreting the Qur’an: Towards a Contemporary Approach†became the primary source in obtaining the data. Study findings reveal that the construction of the Qur’anic values comprises obligatory, fundamental, protective, implementation, and instructional values. The construction ​​can be adopted as the basis for Islamic education development regarding the institution, courses, values ​​and culture. This study also demonstrates that Qur’anic values-based Islamic education is completely projected to produce qualified and competitive human resources in the globalized age.
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235689510 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-07-01T13:14:56.138Z | 2021-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Analysis of asymmetry in diurnal warming and its impact on vegetation phenology in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau using MODIS remote sensing data
Abstract. Because of its high altitude, the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) serves as a de facto ecological barrier between China and Southeast Asia. Studying the phenological characteristics of vegetation on QTP and their response to climate change can help us to understand how climate change can impact on highland terrestrial ecosystems and how to improve predicting highland vegetation phenology. Using long-term NDVI data we derived from the MODIS spectral reflectance product (MOD09A1) and in situ climate data in QTP, we investigated (1) the trends of temporal and spatial variations in the phenological characteristics of the highland vegetation, such as the start of growing season (SOS), middle time of growing season (MOS), end of growing season (EOS), and length of growing season (LEN), and (2) the responses of SOS, MOS, and EOS to asymmetry in diurnal warming, i.e., asymmetry in the preseason daily daytime maximum temperature (Tmax) and daily nighttime minimum temperature (Tmin). Results showed that (1) the vegetation phenology in QTP displayed a salient zonal distribution pattern. From the northwest to the southeast, the vegetation SOS and MOS gradually advanced, EOS decreased, and LEN extended; (2) Tmin warmed up faster than Tmax, which indicated that daytime warming and nighttime warming were asymmetrical; (3) the increase in preseason Tmax and that in preseason Tmin played different roles in SOS, MOS, and EOS; and (4) the preseason Tmin showed a stronger control on vegetation phenology than the preseason Tmax. For instance, a 1°C increase in preseason Tmin advanced SOS by 7.07d (p < 0.05) and MOS by 6.80d (p < 0.05), and delayed EOS by 6.70d (p < 0.05). While a 1°C increase in preseason Tmax delayed the SOS, MOS, and EOS by 5.12d, 4.84d, and 1.04d, respectively. |
38644160 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:19:43.536Z | 1973-08-02T00:00:00.000Z | Fault and default.
In the Hippocratic writings, one reads: "...[the physician] should keep aware of the fact that patients often lie when they state that they have taken certain medicines." Obviously "noncompliance" or "drug defaulting" is nothing new. Why, then, are most doctors so insensitive to the possibility that their patients often do not follow directions? Cynics will propose that the physician is simultaneously imbued with his omniscience, omnipotence and authority and yet so insecure in these beliefs that he cannot coexist with the painful notion that his patients disobey or deceive him. But surely we all know doctors for whom this cynical . . . |
157940160 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-19T13:03:34.845Z | 2016-01-02T00:00:00.000Z | Local Contest, National Impact: Understanding the Success of India’s Aam Aadmi Party in 2015 Delhi Assembly Election
In this paper, I discuss how a relatively new anti-corruption political party in India—the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP)—was able to achieve an unprecedented electoral victory in the 2015 Delhi assembly election, comprehensively defeating the two national parties—the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Congress Party. Although Delhi is a small Indian state with limited powers, AAP’s victory provides it with a platform to expand in other parts of the country. However, to do so, it will need to deliver effective governance in Delhi, enunciate a clearer ideology and develop credible regional leaders. As things stand now, the AAP could be characterised as a party whose appeal is more likely to be in the urban, media-thick Indian cities and towns than in the rural areas. If this description of the AAP is correct, then its ability to challenge the larger national and regional parties in the near future may be limited. |
1661360 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 1993-09-15T00:00:00.000Z | Using Physically-Based Models and Genetic Algorithms for Functional Composition of Sound Signals, Synchronized to Animated Motion
We represent sound signals as general functional compositions, called "Timbre Trees". Externally these are LISP-like expressions, internally they are implemented as C++ data structures. Nodes of the tree can be arithmetic operations, analytic functions or noise generators. Vectorized operations are provided for compact expression of additive spectral synthesis, and convolution operators for modeling acoustical environment (reverberation) within the same structure. A similar script language is also used to define three-dimensional animated motion. Simulation determines collisions and other sound-causing interactions between objects, and generates timbre trees from which exactly synchronized soundtracks can be prepared. Heuristic physically-based vibration models are used to determine the timbre of simulated instruments. Because it is often difficult to find the right composition of functions and their parameters that make up a desirable sound, we use genetic algorithms to mutate timbre trees and allow the user to guide their evolution. Time-variable parameters allow continuous metamorphosis between geometric objects and their sounds. Using this methodology, we have produced a variety of convincing animated scenes. |
36999560 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:52:49.237Z | 1997-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Incidence and prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis in Finland.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the incidence and prevalence of clinically significant ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Finland.
METHODS
The incidence study covered patients entitled under the nationwide sickness insurance scheme to receive specially reimbursed medication for AS in 5/21 central hospital districts in Finland (population base about one million adults > or = 16 years of age) in 1980, 1985, and 1990. The prevalence study covered a representative sample of the Finnish population > or = 30 years of age, initially comprising 8000 persons, of whom 7217 participated in the field survey carried out in 1978-1980.
RESULTS
The annual incidence of AS requiring antirheumatic medication was 6.9/100,000 [95% confidence interval (CI), 6.0-7.8] adults. Eleven cases of clinically significant AS were encountered in the prevalence study, corresponding to a prevalence of 0.15% (95% CI, 0.08-0.27%). The ratio between the prevalence rate and the annual incidence rate was 22.
CONCLUSION
This study provides population based data on the incidence and prevalence of clinically significant AS in Finland. The incidence rates of AS remained similar for the 3 study years. |
129757260 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-24T13:11:10.479Z | 2014-07-03T00:00:00.000Z | An overview of the geographic data of unemployment in South Africa
Global unemployment has risen in the past few years. Spatial data are required to address the problem effectively. South African unemployment literature focused mostly at a national level of spatial analysis. Some literature refer to spatial aspects that affect unemployment trends, but does not assign a location, e.g. a suburb or municipality. Little research has compared spatial patterns of unemployment over time. This article provides a synopsis of the available South African geographic data to address the challenge of unemployment. Data sets from official national surveys and censuses are compared by spatial extent and associated attributes. The representation of change over time is explored and aggregation to a common boundary such as municipalities is suggested to overcome modifiable areal unit problems. Census data are spatially more detailed than labour force survey data, and census data from pre-1991 might not reflect the post-apartheid labour trends effectively. It is recommended that data from census 1991, 1996 and 2001, as well as Community Survey 2007 be used to understand detailed spatial trends of South African unemployment. Knowing the location of the unemployed directs the spending of development funding and job-creation interventions. |
230489160 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-01-05T06:16:23.648Z | 2021-01-03T00:00:00.000Z | Fluorescent Test Paper via the In Situ Growth of COFs for Rapid and Convenient Detection of Pd(II) Ions.
With the extensive use of palladium derivatives in the industry, their environmental pollution has become more and more serious. Herein, allyl functionalized hydrazone 2D COFs (XB-COFs) were found for selective fluorescent detection of Pd2+ (detection concentration of 0.29 μM) in water. The stable structure of the hydrazone bond and the complexation ability of allyl to Pd2+ cause XB-COF to have a good fluorescence sensing effect in both acid and alkaline solutions, and its adsorption capacity for Pd2+ is up to 120 mg g-1. During the interaction between XB-COF and Pd2+, a part of Pd2+ can be reduced to Pd nanoparticles with a diameter of about 10 nm. A fluorescent test paper was prepared by the in situ growth of XB-COF onto a filter paper, which can realize visualization detection of Pd2+ in 10 s with the naked eye or under a 365 nm UV lamp. This is the first time a fluorescent test paper based on in the situ growth of COFs has been applied for the detection of heavy metal ions, which provides a new platform for the application of COF materials in the medical health field, food safety, and environmental protection. |
15615050 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 1999-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | A ug 1 99 9 Duality symmetry , strong coupling expansion and universal critical amplitudes in two-dimensional Φ 4 field models
We show that the exact beta-function β(g) in the continuous 2D gΦ4 model possesses the Kramers-Wannier duality symmetry. The duality symmetry transformation g̃ = d(g) such that β(d(g)) = d′(g)β(g) is constructed and the approximate values of g∗ computed from the duality equation d(g∗) = g∗ are shown to agree with the available numerical results. The calculation of the beta-function β(g) for the 2D scalar gΦ4 field theory based on the strong coupling expansion is developed and the expansion of β(g) in powers of g−1 is obtained up to order g−8. The numerical values calculated for the renormalized coupling constant g∗ + are in reasonable good agreement with the best modern estimates recently obtained from the high-temperature series expansion and with those known from the perturbative four-loop renormalization-group calculations. The application of Cardy’s theorem for calculating the renormalized isothermal coupling constant gc of the 2D Ising model and the related universal critical amplitudes is also discussed. PACS numbers:05.50.+q, 03.70.+k, 64.60.-i, 75.10.Hk Typeset using REVTEX |
18021600 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 1999-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Application-specific programmable control for high-performance asynchronous circuits
The advantages of the programmable control paradigm are widely known in the design of synchronous sequential circuits: easy correction of late design errors, easy upgrade of product families to meet time-to-market constraints, and modifications of the control algorithm, even at run time. However, despite the growing interest in asynchronous (self-timed) circuits, programmable asynchronous controllers based on the idea of microprogramming have not been actively pursued. In this paper, we propose an asynchronous microprogrammed control organization (called a microengine) that targets application-specific implementations and emphasizes simplicity, modularity, and high performance. The architecture takes advantage of the natural ability of self-timed circuits to chain actions efficiently without the clock-based scheduling constraints that would be involved in comparable synchronous designs. The result is a general approach to the design of application-specific microengines featuring a programmable data-path topology that offers very compact microcode and high performance-in fact, performance close to that offered by automated hardwired controllers. In performance comparisons of a CD-player error decoder design, the proposed microengine architecture was 26 times faster than the general purpose hardware of a 280 MIPS microprocessor, over three times as fast as the special purpose hardware of a low-power macromodule based implementation, and even slightly faster than a finite state machine-based implementation. |
254043610 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-11-29T06:42:56.650Z | 2022-11-26T00:00:00.000Z | Extractors for Images of Varieties
We construct explicit deterministic extractors for polynomial images of varieties, that is, distributions sampled by applying a low-degree polynomial map $f : \mathbb{F}_q^r \to \mathbb{F}_q^n$ to an element sampled uniformly at random from a $k$-dimensional variety $V \subseteq \mathbb{F}_q^r$. This class of sources generalizes both polynomial sources, studied by Dvir, Gabizon and Wigderson (FOCS 2007, Comput. Complex. 2009), and variety sources, studied by Dvir (CCC 2009, Comput. Complex. 2012). Assuming certain natural non-degeneracy conditions on the map $f$ and the variety $V$, which in particular ensure that the source has enough min-entropy, we extract almost all the min-entropy of the distribution. Unlike the Dvir-Gabizon-Wigderson and Dvir results, our construction works over large enough finite fields of arbitrary characteristic. One key part of our construction is an improved deterministic rank extractor for varieties. As a by-product, we obtain explicit Noether normalization lemmas for affine varieties and affine algebras. Additionally, we generalize a construction of affine extractors with exponentially small error due to Bourgain, Dvir and Leeman (Comput. Complex. 2016) by extending it to all finite prime fields of quasipolynomial size. |
41323410 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:03:53.434Z | 2001-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | A contiguous deletion syndrome of X‐linked agammaglobulinemia and sensorineural deafness
Hearing loss in patients with X‐linked agammaglobulinemia is often attributed to recurrent infections. However, recent genetic studies suggest a different etiology in some patients. We present three unrelated patients, 6, 9, and 14 years of age, with large deletions of the terminal portion of the Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) gene extending 4.2–19 kb beyond the 3′ end of the gene. The DNA immediately downstream of the 3′ end of Btk contains the deafness‐dystonia protein gene (DDP). Mutations in this gene have recently been shown to underlie the Mohr–Tranebjaerg syndrome, which is characterized by sensorineural deafness, dystonia, and mental deficiency. Besides the immunodeficiency, our patients exhibited progressive sensorineural deafness. The clue to an associated hearing problem was delayed development of speech in one patient and post‐lingual deafness noticed between the age of 3–4 years in the other two. These patients have not yet exhibited significant associated neurologic deficits. |
12958810 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:33:35.220Z | 2013-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Prevalence and risk factors associated with Leptospira spp. infection in technified swine farms in the state of Alagoas, Brazil: risk factors associated with Leptospira spp. in swine farms.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and to identify the risk factors associated with Leptospira spp. infection in technified pig farms in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. To compose sample for the prevalence study, 342 pigs were used (312 sows and 30 boars) proceeding from seven swine farms distributed in five districts of the state of Alagoas, Brazil. The infection's serological diagnosis was performed by microscopic agglutination test. The risk factors analysis was performed using research questionnaires consisting of objective questions related to the breeder, the general characteristics of the property, and the productive, reproductive and sanitary management. Prevalence of 16.1% (55/342) of pigs seropositive was obtained. The associated risk factors were not performing quarantine (P = 0.003, OR = 5.43, CI = 1.79-16.41) and the use of artificial insemination (P = 0.023, OR = 3.38, CI = 1.18-9.66). A significant association of sow infection with the increased number of stillborn and mummified foetuses was found, as well as with the increased frequency of oestrus recurrence and the increased weaning-to-oestrus interval of seropositive sows. One might state that Leptospira spp. infection is disseminated in technified pig farms in the State of Alagoas, favouring reproductive failures and the impairment of zootechnical performance in these properties. The risk factors identified in this study are facilitators in the infecting agent dissemination and should be adjusted to control the disease in the herds studied. |
62178450 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-02-14T14:02:39.007Z | 2011-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | An Assessment of the Need to Provide Non-Roman Subject Access to the Library Online Catalog
This article reports the results of an investigation on user preferences in subject searching for non-Roman script materials, and analyzes problems users encountered in retrieving non-Roman script using controlled subject headings in English. Key findings indicate that end users were not completely dissatisfied with the current library catalog; end users and librarians want a system that is more open to multilingual subject headings; end users are not eager for adding tagging feature to the library catalog; they also highlighted areas of opportunity for libraries to make significant improvements to the catalog. |
250756150 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-07-21T14:33:54.025Z | 1996-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Effects of Pairing Correlations on the Korringa Relation in Doped Fullerenes
An effective attractive Hubbard model is applied to explain the observed non-Korringa relation in doped fullerenes, which leads to a reduced Pauli susceptibility. The results basically agree with the experiments for K3C60, Rb3C60 and RbCs2C60. It implies that the pair correlation on site possibly plays an important role in the normal state for doped fullerenes. |
42074650 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-01-23T22:39:38.314Z | 2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Improving pathway compliance and clinician performance by using information technology
To deliver patient-specific advice at the time and place of a consultation, to improve clinician performance and compliance by using computer-based decision support, and to integrate such IT solutions with the clinical workflow are important strategies for the implementation of clinical pathways. User acceptance plays a critical role: additional effort has to be balanced with enough benefit for the users. Experiences from routine use of an online surgical pathway at Marburg University Medical Center show that it is possible to successfully address this issue by seamlessly integrating patient-specific pat documentation tasks which have to be done anyway and by substantially reusing entered data to accelerate routine tasks (e.g. by automatically generating orders and reports). |
13569510 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:39:06.336Z | 1970-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Perceptions of the Optimally Integrated Person as a Function of Therapists' Characteristics
The central focus of this paper was to determine whether there was a consensus for the concept of mental health. Therapists from different professional orientations in a United States sample rank ordered their views of the optimally integrated person using a 20-paragraph personality questionnaire based on Murray's need system. Although Freudians were found to be more “conservative” in certain respects than Neo-Freudians and Sullivanians, greater agreement than disagreement was generally obtained. Variation in rank order as a function of age, length of experience and sex of therapist are discussed as are differences within a Czechoslovakian sample of therapists. |
57649060 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-01-07T14:05:19.968Z | 2017-08-07T00:00:00.000Z | Computer-aided system for interactive psychomotor testing
Nowadays research of psychomotor actions has taken a special place in education, sports, medicine, psychology etc. Development of computer system for psychomotor testing could help solve many operational problems in psychoneurology and psychophysiology and also determine the individual characteristics of fine motor skills. This is particularly relevant issue when it comes to children, students, athletes for definition of personal and professional features. The article presents the dynamics of a developing psychomotor skills and application in the training process of means. The results of testing indicated their significant impact on psychomotor skills development. |
128476200 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-24T13:10:45.334Z | 2014-12-28T00:00:00.000Z | Return stroke speed of cloud‐to‐ground lightning estimated from elve hole radii
We present the first measurements of the lightning return stroke speed that directly relate to the current return stroke, as opposed to its optical manifestation. The shape of elves is determined by the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) radiation pattern at D region altitudes, which is in turn controlled by the geometry and current propagation properties of the return stroke channel. In particular, numerical simulation of the EMP‐ionosphere interaction shows a strong relationship between the elve “hole” radius and the current return stroke speed. The hole radii are measured from a data set of 55 elves observed with the PIPER photometer. Using these radii observations in conjunction with numerical simulations of the EMP, we perform Bayesian inference to estimate the distribution of return stroke speeds. The results show a maximum a posteriori probability return stroke speed estimate of 0.64c for elve producing lightning. |
25433350 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-19T01:57:10.493Z | 2016-04-25T00:00:00.000Z | Runtime resource management for lifetime extension in multi-core systems
The availability of numerous, possibly heterogeneous, processing resources in multi-core systems allows one to exploit them to optimize performance and/or power/energy consumption. In particular, strategies have been defined to map and schedule tasks on the system resources, with the aim of optimizing the adopted figure of merit, at design time, if the working context is known in advance and relatively stable, at run time when facing changing/unpredictable working conditions. However, it is important to be aware that such strategies may have an impact on the overall lifetime of the system because of aging and wear-out mechanisms. Therefore such management strategies, generally adopted for handling performance and power consumption aspects, should be enhanced in order to consider such issues. Furthermore, specific Dynamic Reliability Management (DRM) policies have been devised to deal with lifetime issues in multi-core systems, acting mainly on the workload distribution (and eventually on architectural knobs, such as voltage/frequency scaling) to mitigate the stress caused by the running applications. Here we will focus on DRM strategies, whose goal is pursuing the improvement of lifetime reliability by means of load distribution policies that identify the resource where to map a new application entering the system, or where to periodically migrate tasks to balance stress. More precisely, a selection of state-of-the-art solutions will be presented and analysed, with respect to the achieved expected lifetime, evaluated when considering the first failure as well as the sequence of failures leading to the system being unable to fulfill the user's performance of service requirements. |
11015900 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:21:53.491Z | 1999-03-05T00:00:00.000Z | Exon shuffling by L1 retrotransposition.
Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1s or L1s) are the most abundant retrotransposons in the human genome, and they serve as major sources of reverse transcriptase activity. Engineered L1s retrotranspose at high frequency in cultured human cells. Here it is shown that L1s insert into transcribed genes and retrotranspose sequences derived from their 3' flanks to new genomic locations. Thus, retrotransposition-competent L1s provide a vehicle to mobilize non-L1 sequences, such as exons or promoters, into existing genes and may represent a general mechanism for the evolution of new genes. |
4140050 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T06:08:00.382Z | 2017-05-30T00:00:00.000Z | Ellipticine inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes via the STAT3 pathway
Abstract Objective: Ellipticine (5,11-dimethyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole) is an alkaloid isolated from Apocyanaceae plants. This study was designed to investigate the effects of ellipticine on the proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: RA-FLSs were exposed to different concentrations of ellipticine (i.e., 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 μM) for 24–72h and measured for viability, proliferation and apoptosis. The involvement of signal transducer and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in the action of ellipticine was determined by Western blot analysis, luciferase reporter assay and rescue experiments. Results: Ellipticine treatment significantly inhibited the viability and proliferation of RA-FLSs in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, ellipticine exposure did not alter the viability of normal human FLSs. Moreover, ellipticine triggered significant apoptosis and increased caspase-3 activity in RA-FLSs. Mechanistically, ellipticine reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3 and downregulated the expression of Mcl-1, cyclin D1 and Bcl-2. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that ellipticine treatment led to a significant inhibition of STAT3-mediated transcriptional activity in RA-FLSs. Overexpression of constitutively active STAT3 reversed the suppressive effects of ellipticine on RA-FLSs, which was accompanied by restoration of Mcl-1, cyclin D1 and Bcl-2. Discussion and conclusions: Ellipticine shows anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on RA-FLSs through inhibition of the STAT3 pathway and may have therapeutic potential in RA. |
251417450 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-08-09T15:23:56.968Z | 2022-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Design and Development of Turn Insulation Automatic Wrapping System for CRAFT TF
A principal part of the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology (CRAFT) is the toroidal field (TF) coil project, which aims at fabricating a prototype TF coil for China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR). The TF coil is composed of 3-D-shaped subwinding packs (sub-WPs) enclosed in a stainless coil case, and the conductor core of medium and high field sub-WPs is Nb3Sn, following the “Winding & Reaction” manufacturing process. After heat treatment of the conductor, turn insulation will be automatically wrapped. Strictly restricted by the brittleness of the heat-treated Nb3Sn, the strain must be controlled during the wrapping process. Presented in this article is a description of the CRAFT TF coil and its turn insulation structure, followed by descriptions of the structural design of the wrapping unit and mathematical models about wrapping control of the wrapping machine. Turn insulation wrapping trials are performed with one-fourth part of the wrapping unit, and tapes with a fixed width and a uniform steel tube are used as specimens, verifying the correctness of the structure and models. The one-fourth part of the wrapping unit has been fabricated in March 2022 and it is foreseen that the fabrication will be finished in June 2022. |
8179460 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:00:36.909Z | 2000-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Assessment of coronary vasomotor function: old and new tools.
Atherosclerosis has an impact on the vasomotor reaction of coronary segments to iodinated non-ionic contrast agents. Angiographically normal coronary segments show divergent vasomotor reactions to iodixanol or iopromide according to the presence of, and distance from, a coronary atherosclerotic lesion. The mechanism responsible for the above-mentioned vasomotor effect does not seem to involve flow-mediated vasodilation or endothelial nitric oxide synthesis. On the other hand, a cyclooxygenase product may be, at least in part, responsible for the vasodilating effect of non-ionic agents on epicardial coronary arteries. These findings have potential clinical implications that are herein discussed. |
19807910 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2002-02-15T00:00:00.000Z | Recruitment of MHC Class I Molecules by Tapasin into the Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing-Associated Complex Is Essential for Optimal Peptide Loading
The ER protein tapasin (Tpn) forms a bridge between MHC class I H chain (HC)/β2-microglobulin and the TAP peptide transporter. The function of this TAP-associated complex was unclear because it was reported that soluble Tpn that has lost TAP interaction would be fully competent in terms of peptide loading and Ag presentation. We found, however, that only wild-type human Tpn (hTpn), but not three soluble hTpn variants, a transmembrane domain point mutant of hTpn (L410→F), wild-type mouse Tpn, nor a mouse-human Tpn hybrid, fully up-regulated peptide-dependent Bw4 epitopes when expressed in Tpn-deficient .220.B*4402 cells. Consistent with suboptimal peptide loading, the t1/2 of class I molecules was considerably reduced in the presence of soluble hTpn, hTpn-L410F, and murine Tpn. Furthermore, eluted peptide spectra and the class I-mediated inhibition of NK clones showed distinct differences to the hTpn transfectant. Only wild-type hTpn efficiently recruited HC and calreticulin (Crt) into complexes with TAP and endoplasmic reticulum p57 (ERp57). The L410F mutant was defective in TAP association, but bound to class I molecules, Crt, and ERp57. Mouse Tpn associated with human TAP and ERp57 on the one hand, and with HC and Crt on the other, but failed to recruit normal amounts of HLA class I molecules into the TAP complex. We conclude that the loading with peptides conferring high stability requires the Tpn-mediated introduction of HC into the TAP complex, whereas the mere interaction with Tpn is not sufficient. |
46374460 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-10-04T22:18:48.157Z | 2017-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Continuous recognition with incremental learning on Grassmann manifolds
Incremental learning allows incorporating new data in a classifier model without full retraining for computational efficiency. In this paper, we present two ways of performing incremental learning on Grassmann manifolds. In a Grassmann kernel learning framework, data are embedded on subspaces and kernels are constructed to map data subspaces to a projection space for classification. As new data samples become available, retraining degrades computational performance since Grassmann kernels need to be recomputed on larger matrices. We propose two computationally efficient techniques for incremental Grassmann kernel learning that achieve linear time complexity. We utilize the GROUSE framework to embed new data onto a pre-existing Grassmann manifold using Incremental Singular Value Decomposition (iSVD). Then we map the embeddings from a Grassmann space onto a projection space by exploiting the positive definite structure of Grassmann kernels and solving for principal angles of modified subspace pairs (iKernel). We show that our incremental learning approach is very effective in large systems and show examples for face recognition on standard datasets. |
144009410 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-04T13:07:47.428Z | 2012-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Elements of an engaged clinical ethics: a qualitative analysis of hospice clinical ethics committee discussions
Social, legal and health-care changes have created an increasing need for ethical review within end-of-life care. Multiprofessional clinical ethics committees (CECs) are increasingly supporting decision-making in hospitals and hospices. This paper reports findings from an analysis of formal summaries from CEC meetings, of one UK hospice, spanning four years. Using qualitative content analysis, five themes were identified: timeliness of decision-making, holistic care, contextual openness, values diversity and consensual understanding. The elements of an engaged clinical ethics in a hospice context is not generally acknowledged nor its elements articulated. Findings from this study have the potential to explain some of the most challenging ethical problems and to contribute to their resolution. It may also guide future deliberation and raise CEC members’ awareness of the recurrent issues and values of their CEC practice. |
110929610 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-13T13:05:56.520Z | 2013-02-27T00:00:00.000Z | Effect of Regular Transverse Wave on Ship Turning Maneuverability
Obtaining the effect of regular transverse wave is very significant for it is dangerous for ships to turn in transvers waves. To study ships motion law in regular transverse waves, computer simulation method was used. The simulation were based on ship mathematical model,called MMG(Maneuvering Model Group), and a waveforce mathematical model. In the simulation, the ship sailed in regular waves and calm sea with 0°and 20°rudder angle and the tracks were recorded. Hence, a ship trail was made to verify the truthfulness of simulation result. After analysing the simulation result, there is a diccussion to design a rudder controller, which can reduce the effect of waves. In conclusion, the effect of regular transverse wave on ship turning maneuverablity is obtained and it is feasible to design a rudder controller to reduce the effect. |
17310560 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-10T08:19:38.638Z | 2004-08-26T00:00:00.000Z | Variable parameters control and stability of a high rate rigid rotor-journal active magnetic bearing system
Abstrnct Stability is a key problem that means whether a high rate rotor-active magnetic hearings system works reliably or not. Aiming at a hearings system described with nonlinear equations this paper built a linear model according to the system behaviors. Considering realization of control system and behaviors of high rate rotor system (magnetic force is far smaller than input fcrce produced by mass eccentricity) this paper proposed design method of variable parameters PID control algorithm that can he used universally. The method reduced a mass of adjusting work of control parameters. Analysis and Simulation indicated that the hearings system could get wider stable region of harmonic motion, and proved that the algorithm is robust and advanced. The control system can be realized for that the winding electric currents are positive. The method Is convenient for operation and can he used for engineering practice easily. |
218933310 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-05-28T23:02:59.249Z | 2020-03-15T00:00:00.000Z | The FinTech Dividend: How Much Money Is FinTech Likely to Mobilize for Sustainable Development?
FinTech offers a new way to mobilize resources for all kinds of uses – including for funding sustainable development. Roughly 3%-13% of funding required for the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)– or around $50 billion to $125 billion -- could come from a ‘FinTech Dividend.’ Such a dividend derives from the use of FinTech platforms to increase savings and investment (overall), channel resources into publicly funded as well as privately-funded SDG-related activities and policies, and encourage the use of internet platforms, which deliver novel goods and services that relate to the seventeen SDGs. Less than half of UN members have FinTech laws and policies – making FinTech a ripe area for right-regulating. Unfortunately, in areas like institutional reform – no amount of money can guarantee achieving the SDGs, without wider legal and administrative reforms. And no clear data about the exact policies needed to help grow an economy (or pay for SDG spending) serve as any guide. With total investment in FinTech stuck at around $150 billion to $200 billion – the hoped for deluge of FinTech dollars on SDG activities may remain a trickle for years to come. |
10171560 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:16:58.207Z | 1991-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Marketing parallax in health care industry: an empirical study of hospitals.
It is about two decades since the marketing scholars identified the need and relevance of marketing in health care organizations. The health care industry itself has been undergoing significant changes brought on by deregulation, declining demand, intraorganizational competition and growth of HMO's and PPO's. Yet, the industry has not fully implemented the marketing concept. For many health care organizations, marketing seems still to mean advertising and public relations as evidenced by an empirical study. |
83715160 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-20T13:13:37.993Z | 2000-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Porocytosis: Fusion Pore Array Secretion of Neurotransmitter
We believe that there is sufficient experimental evidence to support the premise that transmitter is secreted by the simultaneous activation of arrays of fusion pores at docked vesicles. This process is initiated by the action potential that activates calcium channels to increase the number of cytoplasmic calcium ions. Calcium ions trigger fusion pores to flicker open causing transmitter to diffuse from vesicular stores. We define the term porocytosis to identify this process and use the term synaptomere to indicate the anatomical and physiological functional unit of the synapse or junction. Our model shows that the simultaneous flicker of fusion pores in an array can generate unitary-end plate potentials (u-EPPs) and miniature end plate potentials (MEPPs) and that activation of all fusion pores produces EPPs. U-EPPs and EPPs generated with the model show mean values and coefficients of variation similar to experimental observations. The model is robust in that the number of docked vesicles can vary and these can be full to empty depending on nerve frequencies and vesicular traffic. The model shows that the overall process of excitation-secretion coupling is highly deterministic. At the neuromuscular junction, secretion from arrays of fusion pores ensures that a muscle fiber action potential is always produced over a range of frequencies because all transmitter release sites are activated. Our model shows that transmission at the synaptomere guarantees fidelity of information transfer at different frequencies. This characteristic shows a dynamic relationship of the secretory process to memory and learning. |
155079060 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-10-14T05:46:21.312Z | 2006-08-03T00:00:00.000Z | Rethinking the Tripartite Division of American Work Law
The holy trinity of American work law - employment discrimination, labor law, and employment law - has governed the American workplace for over four decades and is also firmly entrenched in the curricula of most law schools. But the discrete lenses provided by the conventional trinity make it difficult to bring into focus two distinct but related dimensions of the accelerating integration of American work law. Thus, we are on the one hand experiencing an accelerating doctrinal integration of our field, as the settings in which nominally out of area law plays a significant governance role are rapidly proliferating. At the same time, we are increasingly confronting a functional integration of work law, a development evident in the cross-migration of employment discrimination law and labor law, as the institutions central to each field - discrimination litigation and labor unions respectively - have increasingly assumed functions traditionally played by the other. Functional integration is apparent as well in the increasingly robust role of employment law in both employment discrimination and labor law contexts. Against the backdrop of these developments, our continued embrace of the conventional subject-matter division reflects and reinforces an increasingly false opposition between legal strategies that rely on workplace organizing and collective action (on the one hand) and those that rely on litigation and related institutional practices (on the other). More fundamentally, the conventional division reflects and reinforces an increasingly false opposition between the struggle for workplace democracy and the struggle for racial, gender, and other forms of justice in the workplace and beyond. |
92695060 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-03T13:11:28.140Z | 2020-03-31T00:00:00.000Z | Pilot Study of Probiotic Supplementation on Uremic Toxicity and Inflammatory Cytokines in Chronic Kidney Patients
Bacterial metabolism contributes to the generation of uremic toxins in patients
with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It has been investigated the use of probiotics in the reduction
of uremic toxins intestinal production.
The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on reducing
the production of uremic toxins and the inflammatory profile of CKD patients.
We performed a randomized, blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study on patients with
CKD stages 3 and 4. The intervention was a probiotic formulation composed of Lactobacillus
acidophilus strains given orally three times a day for 3 months. Changes in uremic toxins
(p-Cresylsulfate and Indoxyl Sulfate) and serum inflammatory cytokines were the primary endpoints.
Of the 44 patients randomized, 25 completed the study (mean age 51 ± 9.34, 64% female,
mean eGFR 36 ± 14.26 mL/min/1.73m², mean BMI 28.5 ± 5.75 kg/m²). At 3 months, there were no
significant changes in any of the studied biomarkers including p-cresylsulfate (p = 0.57), Indoxyl sulfate
(p = 0.08) and interleukin-6 (p = 0.55).
Lactobacillus acidophilus strains given as probiotic were not able to reduce serum levels
of uremic toxins and biomarkers of inflammation in CKD patients in stage 3 and 4.
|
202568660 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-09-14T13:05:32.975Z | 2019-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Immediate and long-term results of percutaneous mitral commissurotomy: up to 15 years.
PURPOSE
To evaluate immediate and long-term clinical results of percutaneous mitral commissurotomy (PMC) in patients with severe mitral stenosis.
METHODS
In a retrospective study, data were included from 317 patients over 18 years of age (mean age 45) who had been treated for mitral stenosis between January 1993 and March 2015 with PMC using the Inoue balloon technique. Immediate results: Valvular function improved as evidenced by an increase in mitral valve area from 1.01 ± 0.24 cm2 to 2 ± 0.31 cm2 (P < 0.001) and a decrease in mean mitral gradient from 13.64 ± 6.03 mm Hg to 5.40 ± 2.49 mm Hg. Long-term follow-up: At 5-15 years (mean 10.2 years, Inter-quartile range 8.25), 105 (33.1%) of the 317 patients were available for follow-up, 95 living patients and 10 deceased. Of the deceased, average time from PMC to death was 8 years. Results were strongly significant showing that age at the time of PMC and surface area before the procedure were the best predictors of survival at 15 years follow-up, showing significance values of P = 0.022 and P = 0.001, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
PMC using the Inoue balloon technique improves morbidity and long-term mortality rates in patients with severe mitral stenosis. Lower Wilkins score and NYHA class at baseline were not found to be significant predictors of mortality in older patients (age > 45). Overall, 65 (61.9%) had survived at 5-15 years follow-up without further cardiac intervention. |
225318210 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-09-10T10:16:30.095Z | 2020-09-09T00:00:00.000Z | How Do Smallholders Develop Modern Agriculture in Chengdu: A Perspective of Sustainable Development of Social Service System
Realizing the organic connection between small farmers and modern agriculture is the first problem in the process of agricultural modernization in Chengdu. From the perspective of the construction of living service system, this paper proposes that to realize the organic connection between the development of small farmers and modern agriculture Chengdu city should follow four aspects: (1) building a diversified supply channel of agricultural social services guided by science and technology and information; (2) cultivating agricultural socialized service subjects by institutional innovation and organizational innovation; (3) expanding the function of agricultural social service on the basis of industrial integration; (4) rebuilding the interest connection mechanism of agricultural social service with the goal of sharing development. |
36002960 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:00:11.230Z | 2001-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Transitional cell carcinoma on ureteral stump after nephrectomy for pyonephrosis].
The authors report a case of transitional cell carcinoma of the left ureteral stump in a 66-year old man treated by nephrectomy for pyonephrosis 6 years previously and cystoprostatectomy for bladder tumour 13 years previously. In the light of this case and based on a review of the literature, they essentially discuss the diagnostic and aetiopathogenic problems raised by this disease. |
218948810 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-05-21T00:10:06.891Z | 2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | The Reality of Using the Electronic Activity Book among Arabic-Language Primary-School Teachers in Riyadh
book in the primary stage in the upper grades in Riyadh, and to identify the obstacles of activating the electronic activity book, and identifying teacher’s suggestions. The researcher visualizes a proposal for these activities by contemplating the results of this study and other similar studies. The study followed the descriptive survey method, and the researcher used the questionnaire as the main research tool, and it was verified of its validity by presenting it to several experts, and reliability by using Cronbach's Alpha. The study sample consisted of 65 teachers of the Arabic language in the primary schools of the Northern Education Office. The results showed that 20% of the teachers did not activate the electronic workbook at all. 30% of those teachers benefited from it in a limited way. Other 30% of those teachers used it frequently. 20% of them used it in a satisfactorily. The results showed that the main obstacles were the teacher ’ s heavy burdens, weakness of input, the weak interaction of students with their teachers, and the lack of teachers’ follow -up by the educational departments and supervisors. The study presented a proposal based on a reflection upon the results of this study and similar previous ones. It also offered some recommendations, such as constructing an interactive electronic book for educational activities and experimenting the suggestion then evaluating, developing and generalizing it. |
23285560 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-06-17T04:46:39.843Z | 2004-06-15T00:00:00.000Z | Up-regulation and localization of asparagine synthetase in tomato leaves infected by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae.
Nitrogen metabolism is one aspect of basic metabolism, which is still quite unknown in the field of plant-pathogen interactions. Evidence derived from previous studies conducted in our laboratory strongly suggests that during microbial pathogenesis an important nitrogen mobilization process takes place in diseased tissues. Here we describe the expression pattern of asparagine synthetase (AS; EC 6.3.5.4) in tomato leaves infected by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Using an homologous AS cDNA probe isolated by RT-PCR from infected leaves, we have observed a high level induction of AS expression during the course of infection. Concomitantly, a single AS polypeptide also accumulated in response to bacterial infection. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of AS in infected leaves revealed a strong immunostaining in phloem cells of the main vascular bundles and in secondary veins of the leaf blade. These data correlate with those previously reported for expression of a cytosolic isoform of glutamine synthetase (GS1) also induced during development of the infectious process. Taken together, our results suggest the existence of a GS1/AS pathway representing a metabolic route for transferring ammonium released from protein catabolism into asparagine, an amino acid that may have a major role in nitrogen mobilization from diseased tissues. |
207300100 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:27:47.462Z | 2013-06-10T00:00:00.000Z | Adjustments of dielectrics craters and their surfaces by ultrafast laser pulse train based on localized electron dynamics control.
A quantum model with the consideration of laser wave-particle duality based on the plasma model is employed for the femtosecond laser pulse train processing of fused silica. Effects of the key pulse train parameters, such as the pulse separation time and the number of pulses per train on the distributions of free electron are discussed. The calculations show that the spatial/temporal distributions of free electron can be adjusted by transient localized electron dynamics control using femtosecond laser pulse train design; the results are ablation shapes of craters and subwavelength ripples. It is also found that the first pulse separation time (Δt1) can be used for rough adjustments of ablated structures, while the second pulse separation time (Δt2) can be used for the fine tuning of ablated structures, especially the shapes of craters. |
22861900 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:10:04.644Z | 2013-03-25T00:00:00.000Z | Differential interferometric particle tracking on the subnanometer- and submillisecond-scale.
We describe an interferometric method to measure the movement of a subwavelength probe particle relative to an immobilized reference particle with high spatial (Δx = 0.9nm) and temporal (Δt = 200μs) resolution. The differential method eliminates microscope stage drift. An upright microscope is equipped with laser dark field illumination (λ(0) = 532nm, P(0) = 30mW) and a compact modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer is mounted on the camera exit of the microscope, where the beams of scattered light of both particles are combined. The resulting interferograms provide in two channels subnanometer information about the motion of the probe particle relative to the reference particle. The interferograms are probed with two avalanche photodiodes. We applied this method to measuring the movement of kinesin along microtubules and were able to resolve the generic 8-nm steps at high ATP concentrations without external forces. |
216085050 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-04-23T09:08:34.115Z | 2020-04-22T00:00:00.000Z | Examining Reliability and Validity of the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test Among Children With Cerebral Palsy
Manual dexterity has strongly predicted functional independence for daily life activities among children with cerebral palsy (CP). The Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT) is the most widely used assessment tool for exploring manual dexterity in the CP population, though no research has yet examined its psychometric properties for this use. This cross-sectional study explored the validity and internal consistency of the JTHFT in an Italian sample of inpatient and outpatient children with CP aged between 6-18 years (35 girls and 49 boys). We calculated internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha and tested validity against the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. To better understand how the JTHFT compares with different levels of the MACS, we performed dominant hand timing variability for each test item. Results showed excellent internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha of .944 and .911, respectively, for nondominant and dominant hands. There was also a statistically significant positive linear Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the JTHFT and the MACS (p < .01). We observed high variability in writing performance (Item 1 of the JTHFT) within this sample for each level of the MACS. This study confirms that the JTHFT is a valid assessment tool when used in children with CP aged 6-18 years. |
41861700 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:11:05.719Z | 1997-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Forecasting the need for physicians in the United States: the Health Resources and Services Administration's physician requirements model.
OBJECTIVE
The Health Resources and Services Administration's Bureau of Health Professions developed a demographic utilization-based model of physician specialty requirements to explore the consequences of a broad range of scenarios pertaining to the nation's health care delivery system on need for physicians.
DATA SOURCE/STUDY SETTING
The model uses selected data primarily from the National Center for Health Statistics, the American Medical Association, and the U.S. Bureau of Census. Forecasts are national estimates.
STUDY DESIGN
Current (1989) utilization rates for ambulatory and inpatient medical specialty services were obtained for the population according to age, gender, race/ethnicity, and insurance status. These rates are used to estimate specialty-specific total service utilization expressed in patient care minutes for future populations and converted to physician requirements by applying per-physician productivity estimates.
DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS
Secondary data were analyzed and put into matrixes for use in the mainframe computer-based model. Several missing data points, e.g., for HMO-enrolled populations, were extrapolated from available data by the project's contractor.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
The authors contend that the Bureau's demographic utilization model represents improvements over other data-driven methodologies that rely on staffing ratios and similar supply-determined bases for estimating requirements. The model's distinct utility rests in offering national-level physician specialty requirements forecasts. |
85989800 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-30T13:06:33.733Z | 2003-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Book Review: Ocular Tumors of Humans and Animals
As anyone familiar with the fields of veterinary ophthalmology and veterinary ophthalmic pathology can attest, there is a need for textbooks integrating these two disciplines that are fairly comprehensive, yet concise enough to be read and mastered in a relatively short time. In particular, there is a desperate need for reference books with high-quality illustrations for those of us involved in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular neoplasia. In this book, Ocular Tumors of Animals and Humans, Drs. Peiffer and Simons attempt to meet that need, and I believe they have succeeded. In my opinion, this book serves as a guide both to the pathologist interested in ocular histopathology and to the ophthalmologist submitting ocular specimens. This book not only provides excellent illustrations for the pathologist but also offers clinical, diagnostic, and prognostic information. Also invaluable is the information pertaining to the differences between human and animal counterparts. The book has 14 chapters written by acknowledged experts in the appropriate fields. Of these, eight are devoted to neoplasia of specific ocular structures, three to unique ocular neoplastic conditions, two to the basic science of metastasis and ocular immune responses to neoplasia, and one to experimental ocular oncology. All chapters are fairly well organized, concise, clear, and well referenced. Overall, the quality of the images is excellent. Surprisingly, a small number of photomicrographs appear to be of a less distinct quality. In the final analysis, Ocular Tumors in Humans and Animals is a comprehensive reference of ocular neoplasia in humans and animals, yet will appeal to those involved in vision science and carcinogenesis research. I recommend it for ophthalmology residents as a study guide for board examination preparation. I also endorse it as a succinct review and teaching resource for ophthalmic and general pathologists and ophthalmologists with a particular interest in ophthalmic pathology. |
229307700 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-12-17T09:05:48.556Z | 2020-10-16T00:00:00.000Z | Numerical Study on the Influence of Copper Former on AC Loss Characteristics of Conductor on Round Core cable
A conductor on round core (CORC) cable wound with REBCO tapes is promising for high current density applications. AC loss analysis can help us to understand its electromagnetic performance. This paper built a two-dimensional (2-D) CORC model by finite element method, and the AC losses induced by changing external magnetic field was examined. Individually, the AC loss dependence on the magnitude and frequency of the external magnetic field is examined. The results prove that the copper former will lead to an increase of the CORC cable magnetization losses in a high frequency. |
22917800 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:44:17.254Z | 2008-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Mohs paste for unresectable local lesion of breast cancer].
A 45-year-old woman with a local recurrence on her left chest wall discharged massive exudates. At every gauze exchange, blood was still oozing out. After using Mohs paste twice, the surface had been fixed chemically and dried up, so she did not have to exchange gauze, and there was no more bleeding. A 55-year-old woman was suffering massive exudates and offensive smell from her right primary breast cancer that formed a massive bulge with a deep ulcer in the center. Because her serum hemoglobin declined to 4.4 g/mL due to continuous bleeding, she needed to undergo blood transfusion. After using Mohs paste twice, the bleeding stopped almost completely. Now she uses Mohs paste by herself at home at her convenience. A 69 year-old woman suffered from an offensive odor and continuous bleeding from a local recurrence in the skin of her abdomen. A single use of Mohs paste relieved her from bleeding and the smell. Three patients had experienced no adverse events except mild pain and their QOL improved considerably. Mohs paste is in the hope of improving the QOL for the breast cancer patients with local advanced, unresectable skin lesions. |
6728000 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-04-08T20:47:36.395Z | 2013-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Evaluation of right ventricular functions in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.
We read with great interest the article by Gromadziński et al. [1] entitled “The infl uence of acute pulmonary embolism on early and delayed prognosis for patients with chronic heart failure”, which published in Cardiology Journal. They aimed to evaluate the potential impact of acute pulmonary embolism (APE) on early and long-term prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). In this study, right ventricle (RV) dysfunction was assessed by right ventricular end-diastolic dimension (RVEDD), maximal tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (TRPG) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in a two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography. They confi rmed APE were characterized by higher RVEDD and decreased RV contractility assessed with TAPSE, and the patients in both groups did not differ in TRPG value. Finally, they showed recent episode of pulmonary embolism in patients with CHF is an independent risk factor for early mortality in a 6-month follow-up. Assessing RV morphology and function is of paramount importance in diseases such as pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension and myocardial infarction involving the RV. In patients with APE, RV dysfunction on the echocardiogram is an independent and powerful predictor of early death in patients with APE [2]. Echocardiography, being non-invasive, widely available, relatively inexpensive, and having no side effects, is the modality of choice for the assessment of morphology and function of the RV in clinical practice. Echocardiographic volume and function assessment of the RV is complicated by the complex geometry of this chamber, the pronounced trabeculation that compromises accurate endocardial delineation, and the anterior position that often limits echo image quality [3]. Unlike the left ventricle, where biplane methods are accepted and widely used for a global assessment of systolic function, identifi cation of functional abnormalities on the basis of visual echocardiographic assessment solely is inaccurate, frequently resulting in false-positive fi ndings [4]. Owing to the incomplete visualization and evaluation of the RV, in addition to RVEDD, TAPSE and TRPG values, combined projections such as 3D echocardiography, right ventricular fractional area change, myocardial performance index (MPI, Tei index), RV dP/dt, tissue Doppler myocardial imaging techniques, strain rates, acceleration time of pulmonary artery, hepatic fl ow patterns, and inferior vena caval diameters are needed for a comprehensive evaluation of RV structure and function. And also, release of troponin can occur in patients with pulmonary embolism in the absence of angiographic coronary artery disease due to an abrupt increase in RV wall tension with compression of the right coronary artery and direct myocardial micro-injury. Levels of cardiac biomarkers can be used to predict RV dysfunction and clinical outcome [5]. In conclusion, RV dysfunction is key and has prognostic value for risk stratifi cation in APE. If combinations of RV echocardiographic parameters and cardiac biomarker levels in evaluating RV function were used and information of baseline hemodynamic parameters and extent of perfusion defects were given; the study could have been more valuable and predicted clinical outcomes more accurately. |
53229500 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-11-07T14:01:57.687Z | 2018-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | The SIGCSE symposium
H within the framework of the Association for Computer Machinery (ACM), events were labeled according to their anticipated size. For example, large events were “conferences,” smaller events (a few hundred attendees) were “symposia,” and quite small events were “workshops.” Decades ago, events sponsored by SIGCSE drew only a few hundred attendees (143 at SIGCSE 1970), and this participation level led SIGCSE’s annual event to be called a “Technical Symposium.” Although attendance now regularly exceeds 1200 (and was over 1500 in the past two years), the title, “Technical Symposium,” remains and its formal name, the SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, is shortened to SIGCSE <year>. |
20663500 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-18T14:23:06.919Z | 2010-12-13T00:00:00.000Z | Neural network based event estimation on lifelog from various sensors
The data related to our life experiences is called lifelog, which can easily be collected with mobile electronic devices in recent years. Although lifelog research has been conducted for a long time, practical applications such as a memory assistant system have not been fully developed yet. This is mainly due to the lack of methods to structurize the lifelog data efficiently. In our research, we developed a method for structuring a lifelog consisting of data from various sensors, focusing on event estimation with neural network. In an evaluation experiment, we captured lifelog data with a device that has various sensors, and then we estimated the events, i.e., the participantsf activities. As a result, the system correctly estimated events 70.4% of the time. We also created a lifelog viewer to visualized the data based on the result of event estimation. |
35419800 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:53:53.001Z | 1986-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Primary structure and cDNA cloning of human fibroblast collagenase inhibitor.
We report the primary structure and cDNA cloning of human fibroblast collagenase inhibitor, a glycoprotein that appears to play a central role in modulating the activity of a number of metalloendoproteases of connective tissue origin including collagenase, gelatinase, and proteoglycanase. Secreted human fibroblast collagenase inhibitor was purified and subjected to automated Edman degradation. The secreted protein consists of 184 amino acid residues; it contains two sites of N-linked oligosaccharide linkage and six disulfide bonds. Synthetic oligonucleotide probes based on selected amino acid sequences of the inhibitor were used to screen a lambda gt10 cDNA library from a human fibroblast line. Two overlapping cDNA clones were characterized to determine the complete coding and noncoding sequences of the specific mRNA. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence agrees with that determined by protein sequencing. One clone appears to contain the complete 5' end and, in addition, the cDNA sequence predicts a 23-amino acid leader peptide. The other clone represents the 3' end of the mature message and includes a short poly(A)+ tract. This 3' sequence is remarkably similar to a reported cDNA encoding part of the protein derived from mouse fibroblast poly(A)+ RNA. However, this inhibitor has no substantial homology with previously sequenced protease inhibitors. |
39085650 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-01-24T17:25:33.048Z | 1998-11-04T00:00:00.000Z | Anaesthesia requires extensive training.
I read with interest Linda Walker's article, "Why nursing students need an allocation to operating theatres' (Art & Science October 14). I agree with most of the article, but I am perturbed by the suggestion that "by the end of the allocation in theatre the student nurse will be able to demonstrate competence'. Ms Walker then lists a variety of specialised anaesthetic skills. |
1661050 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2010-09-30T00:00:00.000Z | Factorization models for context-/time-aware movie recommendations
In the scope of the Challenge on Context-aware Movie Recommendation (CAMRa2010), context can mean temporal context (Task 1), mood (Task 2), or social context (Task 3). We suggest to use Pairwise Interaction Tensor Factorization (PITF), a method used for personalized tag recommendation, to model the temporal (week) context in Task 1 of the challenge. We also present an extended version of PITF that handles the week context in a smoother way. In the experiments, we compare PITF against different item recommendation baselines that do not take context into account, and a non-personalized context-aware baseline. |
220324250 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-07-04T13:06:40.774Z | 2020-07-03T00:00:00.000Z | Hacked Time: Design and Evaluation of a Self-Efficacy Based Cybersecurity Game
A major reason why people don't use security tools online is that they perceive them as difficult and challenging, resulting in the lack of self-efficacy. Previous research has looked at improving user security attitude and practices through a variety of interventions, including transformational games. These games, targeted at improving security attitude and promoting change through gameplay, offer a new perspective on cybersecurity education. In this research we present the design and evaluation of Hacked Time, a desktop game that uses an integrative approach that incorporates Bandura's self-efficacy design framework to improve player self-efficacy. Using a randomized control trial (n=178), we demonstrate that our game is effective in improving player's security attitude and self-efficacy for using cybersecurity tools. We discuss how our design pattern can serve as an exemplar to enhance player self-efficacy in other fields. |
201375850 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-08-23T16:43:31.070Z | 2019-07-30T00:00:00.000Z | An urban flood inundation model based on cellular automata
This study develops a modified cellular automata (CA) model to simulate the flash flood inundation extent on a case study of an urban sub-catchment, in New York City. Based on the soil composition, the Horton equation is modified with threshold infiltration rates and applied to different land cover types. Further, the orifice equation is updated with a time variant parameter to account for partial/full blockage in the inlets. We propose a slope weighted flow transfer function to adjust the CA model and address the problem of depth positivity and flow regime changes, occurring due to the partial submergence. Seven ponding points with different levels of inundation are detected in the survey of the area and accordingly compared with the output of the simulation. The results prove the applicability of the developed CA model to reproduce the evolution of water depth. |
65418020 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-02-17T14:05:26.551Z | 1971-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Exploring Keyboard Fundamentals
There are times when a piano teacher is confronted with the problem of instructing a student who is an education major, a liberal arts major taking piano as an elective, or a music major studying piano as a secondary instrument. Such a student is likely to have a weak background in piano, and it often becomes necessary to explore a variety of books to round out his knowledge. Paul Sheftel's comprehensive Exploring Keyboard Fundamentals, in covering a wide variety of topics, goes a long way toward solving this problem. It is likely to be a great time-saver for both instructor and student. Thorough enough for adult beginners, and adequate for those who will benefit from an academic approach, it has a textbook format and includes extensive, easy-to-play melodies and harmonies. There are twelve chapters, dealing with rhythm, coordination, fingering, keys, scales, and theory. Tonic-dominant progressions, inversions of triads, and progressions using the subdominant are all clearly illustrated. Each chapter has numerous subdivisions that afford a great deal of ease in using the index, and each contains questions and problems whose solutions are given in one of the two appendixes. (The other appendix covers fingering.) The section on syncopation is quite adequate, and the approach to improvisation, which is often discouraging to the beginning student, is lucid and well-presented. Many easy-to-play finger exercises are included, and the book can easily be used for solfege exercises. One of the book's strong points is its encouragement of elementary composing, a subject too frequently neglected by piano books for both young and adult beginners. Students who have had some previous training in piano will find the early sections on rhythm elementary and redundant, but those who have not will find their inclusion quite helpful. On the whole, Exploring Keyboard Fundamentals will make a useful addition to any piano instructor's library. -PAULA STUMACHER, teacher of piano, theory, and harmony, 1625 Meadow Road, Southampton, Pennsylvania 18966. |
130102520 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-12-17T11:22:01.917Z | 2016-02-18T00:00:00.000Z | Concept Project Information Document-Integrated Safeguards Document - Wildlife and human-elephant conflicts management in the South of Gabon - P157249
Implementation Status and Key Decisions "Support to the implementation of the National Ivory Action Plan (NIAP)" (the project's Component 1) saw significant progress in the first half of 2019 that helps lay the foundation for analyzing human-wildlife conflict (initial steps towards creating and maintaining a human-elephant conflict database) and gaining better insight into the provenance of ivory (through the staffing of a laboratory capable of genetic testing of ivory samples). Additional activities to advance this component are underway and are expected to be completed between now and the end of November 2019. "Support for integrated landscape management and local community participation" (Component 2) saw the carrying out of several anti-poaching missions and the rehabilitation of infrastructure critical to wildlife law enforcement efforts (Mourindi Doussala road in Moukalaba-Doudou NP). P ub lic D is cl os ur e A ut ho riz ed |
93321120 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-04T13:07:00.626Z | 1996-05-15T00:00:00.000Z | Effect of the Critical Current Density and the Junction Size on the Leakage Current of Nb/Al–AlOx/Nb Superconducting Tunnel Junctions for Radiation Detection
Nb/Al–AlOx /Nb superconducting tunnel junctions (STJ's) designed for X-ray detection have been fabricated. The behavior of the low-temperature subgap leakage current, which severely limits the energy resolution obtained in such devices, is investigated. From trends in the dependence of the leakage currents on the critical current density and the size of the STJ, as well as from the low-temperature current-voltage characteristics, and an analysis of the base electrode surface morphology, it is concluded that physical defects in the barrier region are the most probable cause of the leakage currents. Suggestions are given for optimization of the device processing. |
24827870 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:18:38.834Z | 2008-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Establishment and optimization of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis technique of proteome from bone marrow leukemia cells].
The aim of this study was to establish and optimize two-dimensional electrophoresis method for human bone marrow leukemia cells in order to obtain the profiles with high resolution and reproducibility. The total protein was extracted and separated by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The gels were stained with silver nitrate or Coomassie brilliant blue, and then scanned and analyzed with PDQuest 7.4 analysis software. The effects of different protein preparation methods and electrophoresis conditions on the profiles were compared. The results indicated that by optimizing preparation of protein sample and electrophoresis protocols, clear profiles with 780 +/- 73 well separated protein spots on an average were obtained and the match rate was 82 +/- 5% between reproducible gels from leukemia cells of different sub-type. It is concluded that the two-dimensional electrophoresis method of proteome from human bone marrow leukemia cells is established successfully and is suitable for the further comparative proteomic research between leukemia of different types. |
58692870 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-01-23T00:11:38.236Z | 1999-10-03T00:00:00.000Z | On the charge of a moving particle within a parallel electrodes in viscous fluid
The conductive spherical particle in viscous fluid (silicone oil) under a uniform electric field shows both up-and-down motion and resting on the electrode between motions. In order to analyze the motion of a conductive particle under electric field theoretically, the charge amount of particle must be known. It can be achieved with several methods. When the conductive particle is on the electrode experiencing the uniform field, there is a well-known equation for the charge amount of a spherical particle. The second way is to estimate the electrostatic force acting on the particle in the motion through viscous fluid by using dynamic equation. The third method is to integrate a pulsed current when the charge exchange process is occurring between the particle and the electrode. The value of particle charge by integrating the current is much smaller than the others. The width of the current pulse is less than 100 /spl mu/s, which is much shorter than the resting time. This suggests that the acquired charge from the integration of pulse might not be the whole charge, but several small discharges might follow the first one during the time the particle is resting on the electrode. |
13813000 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-05-03T02:09:32.196Z | 2018-04-27T00:00:00.000Z | Imaging mycobacterial growth and division with a fluorogenic probe
Significance Mycobacteria, including the notorious pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, possess a mycolic acid membrane that is a barrier to antibiotics. Although key enzymes that generate this structure are known, a full understanding of cell envelope assembly is lacking. We synthesized a fluorogenic analog of trehalose monomycolate, the building block used by mycolyltransferase enzymes to construct the mycolic acid membrane. When this analog, termed QTF, is processed in cells by mycolyltransferases, fluorescence is generated. Thus, mycolic acid membrane biosynthesis can be monitored in real time over several generations. Although mycolyltransferases are the most abundantly secreted proteins, we found that mycolyltransferase activity is localized. Finally, we show QTF has diagnostic features in that its processing by mycolyltransferases allows it to selectively detect mycobacteria. Control and manipulation of bacterial populations requires an understanding of the factors that govern growth, division, and antibiotic action. Fluorescent and chemically reactive small molecule probes of cell envelope components can visualize these processes and advance our knowledge of cell envelope biosynthesis (e.g., peptidoglycan production). Still, fundamental gaps remain in our understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of cell envelope assembly. Previously described reporters require steps that limit their use to static imaging. Probes that can be used for real-time imaging would advance our understanding of cell envelope construction. To this end, we synthesized a fluorogenic probe that enables continuous live cell imaging in mycobacteria and related genera. This probe reports on the mycolyltransferases that assemble the mycolic acid membrane. This peptidoglycan-anchored bilayer-like assembly functions to protect these cells from antibiotics and host defenses. Our probe, quencher-trehalose-fluorophore (QTF), is an analog of the natural mycolyltransferase substrate. Mycolyltransferases process QTF by diverting their normal transesterification activity to hydrolysis, a process that unleashes fluorescence. QTF enables high contrast continuous imaging and the visualization of mycolyltransferase activity in cells. QTF revealed that mycolyltransferase activity is augmented before cell division and localized to the septa and cell poles, especially at the old pole. This observed localization suggests that mycolyltransferases are components of extracellular cell envelope assemblies, in analogy to the intracellular divisomes and polar elongation complexes. We anticipate QTF can be exploited to detect and monitor mycobacteria in physiologically relevant environments. |
242258500 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-11-12T09:09:24.684Z | 2020-10-22T00:00:00.000Z | COVID-19 Pandemic As the Trigger for Correction of the Approaches to Management Type 2 Diabetes
Due to the development of digital technologies and their integration into all spheres of everyday and professional life, including healthcare, the analysis of the current digital solutions for doctors and patients, the discussion of the issues of scientific and clinical justification and regulatory regulation of their use became extremely important. Significant imbalance between the avalanche increase in technical capabilities and their slow implementation in routine clinical practice is becoming the challenge to the medical community. The pandemic of the new COVID-19 virus infection associated with SARS-CoV-2, in addition to the obvious problems in the combination to the rapid spread and severe course of the disease, served as a trigger for the re-evaluation of the role of remote medical care, as well as re-estimation of the approaches to the selection of medications, in particular hypoglycemic and antihypertensive drugs, in terms of their possible impact on the course and prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with type 2 diabetes |
25175050 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:34:58.303Z | 1999-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Increased rate of small-for-gestational-age neonates in pre-eclamptic women with preterm deliveries.
We sought to determine whether hypertensive pregnancies can be considered a distinct subgroup of premature births. All women in our centre who had had singleton preterm spontaneous deliveries over an 8-year period were divided into hypertensive and normotensive groups and compared for maternal characteristics and neonatal outcome. Of the 4175 eligible women, 9.8% (n = 410) had pre-eclampsia. These patients had higher rates of small-for-gestational-age neonates (19%, 78/410), abruptio placenta (7.8%, 32/410) and caesarean section rate (52.7%, 216/410) than the normotensive women (4.3%, 158/3765; 4.6%, 172/3765; and 19.6%, 739/3765, P < 0.001, respectively. The rate of preterm premature rupture of membranes was significantly lower in the hypertensive than in the normotensive group (5.9% vs. 17%, respectively; P < 0.001). We concluded that hypertensive women who deliver prematurely belong to a subgroup with particular characteristics. The increased rate of small-for-gestational-age neonates in pre-eclamptic women suggests that reduced uteroplacental perfusion may cause fetal growth impairment before the onset of the hypertensive disorder. |
29163560 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-05-22T13:10:06.546Z | 2018-04-23T00:00:00.000Z | Essays on Matching
This thesis makes a contribution to matching theory and mechanism design. It consists of four self-contained papers focusing on kidney exchange, object allocation and partnership formation. The first paper, Pairwise Kidney Exchange over the Blood Group Barrier, investigates how the use of immunosuppressive drugs can be implemented within kidney exchange programs. Thanks to advances in medicine, immunosuppressive drugs can be used to enable some kidney transplants that were previously infeasible due to blood group incompatibilities. We introducea class of Pareto efficient matchings and provide a method for finding such matchings. We show that introducing immunosuppressive drugs would have a larger impact on the number of transplants than three-way exchanges and altruistic participation in a simulation study.The second paper, Triage in Kidney Exchange, considers a problem where there is a planner in charge of designing a kidney exchange program. The planner sorts patients into “priority groups” based on how urgent their conditions are. I define a class of matchings that are Pareto efficient regardless of how patients are sorted into priority groups or how the planner chooses to design the kidney exchange program. Such matchings can be found using integer programmingand include a number of well studied subclasses of matchings as special cases. The third paper, Overlapping Multiple Object Assignments, deals with an object allocation problem where agents are assigned bundles of objects. The assignments are allowed to overlap in the sense that multiple agents can be assigned the same object as long as the agents are “compatible”. This object allocation problem is closely related to zoning, where a city is divided into, e.g., industrial, commercial and residential districts. The main result shows that a rule assigning bundles of objects to agents is group-strategyproof, Pareto efficient and satisfies a third property called compatibility-monotonicity if and only if it belongs to a class of rules called compatibility-sorting sequential dictatorships. The fourth paper, A Method for Finding the Maximal Set in Excess Demand, provides a slight amendment to a method used to find an equilibrium (whenever it exists) in the partnership formation problem. Using a computationally simple method for finding a particular set of agents, we show that an equilibrium payoff vector can be found in polynomial time. (Less) |
20393110 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T06:01:59.405Z | 2004-10-15T00:00:00.000Z | Novel Negative Regulator of Expression in Fas Ligand (CD178) Cytoplasmic Tail: Evidence for Translational Regulation and against Fas Ligand Retention in Secretory Lysosomes1
Fas ligand ((FasL) CD178), a type II transmembrane protein, induces apoptosis of cells expressing the Fas receptor. It possesses a unique cytoplasmic tail (FasLCyt) of 80 aa. As a type II transmembrane protein, the early synthesis of FasLCyt could affect FasL translation by impacting FasL endoplasmic reticulum translocation and/or endoplasmic reticulum retention. Previous studies suggest that the proline-rich domain (aa 43–70) in FasLCyt (FasLPRD) inhibits FasL membrane expression by retaining FasL in the secretory lysosomes. This report shows that deletion of aa 2–33 of FasLCyt dramatically increased total FasL levels and FasL cell surface expression. This negative regulator of FasL expression is dominant despite the presence of FasLPRD. In addition, retention of proline-rich domain-containing FasL in the cytoplasm was not observed. Moreover, we demonstrated that FasLCyt regulates FasL expression by controlling the rate of de novo synthesis of FasL. Our study demonstrated a novel negative regulator of FasL expression in the FasLCyt region and its mechanism of action. |
149899060 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-12T14:23:49.201Z | 2018-10-02T00:00:00.000Z | Applying a Thurstonian, Two-Stage Method in the Standardized Assessment of Writing
ABSTRACT National standardized assessment programs have increasingly included extended written performances, amplifying the need for reliable, valid, and efficient methods of assessment. This article examines a two-stage method using comparative judgments and calibrated exemplars as a complement and alternative to existing methods of assessing writing. Written performances were taken from Australia’s National Assessment Program—Literacy and Numeracy, which included both narrative and persuasive performances from students aged 8 to 15. In Stage 1, assessors performed comparative judgments on 160 performances to form a scale of 36 calibrated exemplars. These comparative judgments showed a very high level of reliability and concurrent validity. In Stage 2, assessors scored 2,380 new performances by matching them to the most similar calibrated exemplar. These matching judgments showed a generally high level of reliability and concurrent validity and were reasonably efficient after a familiarization period. Further research is suggested to enhance Stage 2 by simplifying the exemplar scale and scaffolding it with detailed descriptors. Overall, the findings support the use of the method in standardized writing assessment and its application to various learning areas. |
119432260 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-18T13:11:04.066Z | 2010-02-04T00:00:00.000Z | A new AS-display as part of the MIRO lightweight robot for surgical applications
The DLR MIRO is the second generation of versatile robot arms for surgical applications, developed at the Institute for Robotics and Mechatronics at Deutsche Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. With its low weight of 10 kg and dimensions similar to those of the human arm, the MIRO robot can assist the surgeon directly at the operating table where space is scarce. The planned scope of applications of this robot arm ranges from guiding a laser unit for the precise separation of bone tissue in orthopedics to positioning holes for bone screws, robot assisted endoscope guidance and on to the multi-robot concept for endoscopic minimally invasive surgery. A stereo-endoscope delivers two full HD video streams that can even be augmented with information, e.g vectors indicating the forces that act on the surgical tool at any given moment. SeeFront's new autostereoscopic 3D display SF 2223, being a part of the MIRO assembly, will let the surgeon view the stereo video stream in excellent quality, in real time and without the need for any viewing aids. The presentation is meant to provide an insight into the principles at the basis of the SeeFront 3D technology and how they allow the creation of autostereoscopic display solutions ranging from smallest "stamp-sized" displays to 30" desktop versions, which all provide comfortable freedom of movement for the viewer along with excellent 3D image quality. |
14726260 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2002-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2 2 D ec 2 00 2 Fractional Charge in Quantum Hall effect
In 1976 Jackiw and Rebbi found 1/2 of a fermion number by using Dirac equation. Schrieffer, in several proposals made an effort to suggest that there is a fractional charge. The calculations of Peierls distortion, Berry’s phase and classical action were presented to accomodate the fractional charge in non-relativistic theory. Laughlin used the antisymmetry to define the charge density per unit area in a two dimensional system. In order to elliminate the area, Laughlin introduced the incompressibility which fixed the area and the odd number which determines the antisymmetry of the electron wave function, gave the charge. The antisymmetry relies on the odd number which can be equal to 3 so that the charge became 1/3. We have used the orbital angular momentum and the spin of the electron to define the effective charge through the Bohr magneton which already has the charge of the electron. When both signs of the spin are used, j = l ± s, we generate a series of charges which are in agreement with those measured by Stormer in the quantum Hall effect experiments. |
254120910 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-12-01T19:35:29.538Z | 2018-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Z b ( 10610 ) in a hadronic medium
In this work we investigate the Z b ( 10610 ) (called simply Z b ) abundance in the hot hadron gas produced in heavy ion collisions after the quark–gluon plasma phase. We use effective Lagrangians to calculate the thermally averaged cross sections of Z b production in processes such as B ( ∗ ) + ¯ B ( ∗ ) → π + Z b ( 10610 ) and also of its absorption in the corresponding inverse processes. We then solve the rate equation to follow the time evolution of the Z b multiplicity. We find that, if we neglect the Z b decay, the number of Z b ’s produced at the end of the quark–gluon plasma phase remains almost constant during the hadron phase. The introduction of the decay in the rate equation leads to a suppression in the final yield by a factor two. |
43362350 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-05-04T20:20:58.661Z | 2014-03-09T00:00:00.000Z | Evaluation of the Influenza Sentinel Surveillance System in Singapore 2011-2012
We evaluated the Singapore Ministry of Health's sentinel surveillance system for influenza virus, which included the monitoring of virological samples from patients with influenza-like illness seen at government primary care clinics and private general practitoner clinics in 2011-12. Using a systematic approach, we analysed weekly data collected for the full two year period from 2011-12. Criteria applied for evaluation were based on the US Centers for Disease Control's Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems, and included quality of the data, acceptability and geographic representativeness. The current surveillance system is satisfactory but could be enhanced by focusing on strategies to improve its acceptability and representativeness. We recommend enhancing quality of the data submitted through further engagement and information sharing with stakeholders involved. |
8476500 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:00:37.101Z | 2011-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Acute transient left-ventricular systolic disfunction during alcohol withdrawal].
Stress cardiomyopathy is an acute transient left ventricular dysfunction, associated with emotional stress. In the course of alcohol withdrawal abnormalities of perfusion and myocardial contractility have been described, manifested in the scintigraphic study, with the absence of changes in ECG and echocardiography and probably caused by sympathicotony, in analogy to severe emotional stress. We present a case of acute left ventricular dysfunction during alcohol withdrawal with significant changes in echocardiography and ECG mimicking acute coronary syndrome. In a 53-year-old woman, treated in the internal ward because of abdominal pain, vomiting, and moderately elevated pancreatic amylase in serum and urine, chest pain and shortness of breath at rest occurred during the first day of hospitalization. These symptoms were accompanied by ST segment elevation in V2-V3, negative T waves in V2-V6 and an increase in troponin. Coronarography excluded significant changes in the arteries, the echocardiography revealed apical akinesis with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 30%. By hospital day 3 disorientation and behavior disorders corresponding of alcohol withdrawal appeared. In subsequent days improvement in LV systolic function was observed with LVEF increase to 53%. ECG changes in the form of a deep negative T waves in I, II, aVL and V2-V6 persisted to the end of hospitalization. |
195660000 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-06-27T16:21:59.640Z | 2020-02-07T00:00:00.000Z | Expression levels of selected cytokines and microRNAs in response to vitamin D supplementation in ultra-marathon runners
Abstract Ultra-marathon (UM) running is an extreme endurance exercise. However, the mechanisms triggered with its practice remain unclear. While it is documented that strenuous physical activity activates immune responses and vitamin D plays a role in immune system suppression, data on the relationship between vitamin D status and cytokine profile in athletic populations are limited. To analyse the relative mRNA expression levels of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α), COX-2, vitamin D receptor and abundance of selected inflammatory microRNAs (Hsa-miR-21, -miR-146a, -miR-150, -miR-155, -miR-222, -miR-223) before and after a 100 km race in amateur runners in the presence or absence of vitamin D supplementation. Twenty runners aged 36–40years were divided into two groups: with and without vitamin D3 supplementation (10,000units daily). Blood samples were collected before and 12 h after the UM. The mRNA expression levels of selected cytokines, COX-2 and VDR in peripheral blood and abundance of serum exosomal miRNAs were investigated using q-RT-PCR. After UM, the significant up-regulation of TNF-α and hsa-miR-155 and down-regulation of IL-1β were observed in the group with vitamin D supplementation. In its absence, hsa-miR-155 and -miR-223 were significantly up-regulated. Additionally, a reverse correlation was observed between IL-6 expression level and abundance of hsa-miR-155 and -miR-223 in both groups. No statistical differences were noted when the other miRNAs and genes were examined in the groups and at the time points. The UM-induced mRNA expression pattern of pro-inflammatory cytokines could be influenced by vitamin D supplementation and/or miRNA. |
121680000 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-19T13:06:23.304Z | 1999-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | On the existence of submultiplicative moments for the stationary distributions of some Markovian random walks
This paper is concerned with submultiplicative moments for the stationary distributions π of some Markov chains taking values in ℝ+ or ℝ which are closely related to the random walks generated by sequences of independent identically distributed random variables. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for ∫φ(x)π(dx) < ∞, where φ(x) is a submultiplicative function, i.e. φ(0) = 1 and φ(x+y) ≤ φ(x)φ(y) for all x, y. |
39025600 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:27:16.045Z | 1980-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Morphological characterization of the islets of langerhans in metabolically healthy C57BL KsJ mice].
The islets of Langerhans of metabolic healthy C57 BL KsJ mice have been characterized morphologically. By it they showed structures typical for Muridae as far as the A-cells formed a mostly single-layered shell around the compact complex of B-cells situated centrally. The electron-microscopical investigations rendered possible a well defined differentiation between A-, B-, and D-cells and also demonstrated no fundamental structural differences in comparison with the conditions existing in other rodents. |
251006760 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-07-24T15:07:09.632Z | 2022-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | Sexual Activity of Young Adults With Cerebral Palsy
Date Presented 04/02/2022
The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of sexual activity and the interest in and satisfaction levels with sexual activity among young adults with cerebral palsy (CP) using a nonexperimental, cross-sectional research design. OTs must have basic knowledge regarding sexual activity, interest levels, and satisfaction with sex life among young adults with CP so that OTs may therapeutically apply this knowledge for their clients’ health and well-being.
Primary Author and Speaker: Jenn Soros
Contributing Authors: Mariana D’Amico, Beth Ann Walker, Stephen Hecht |
106856260 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-11T13:16:52.849Z | 2009-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | RefWorks in Three Steps: Undergraduate Team Bibliographies.
RefWorks is ideally suited for undergraduate students with team-based research projects as part of their course assessment. The Dorothy Hill Physical Sciences and Engineering Library at the University of Queensland taught students from three engineering courses how to use RefWorks to manage project references and to create team-based bibliographies. One team member created the account, all collected references, and one created the bibliography. In-text citations were done manually. Students could immediately see the relevance of RefWorks in the library class when they began finding information and creating the bibliography for their projects. Despite the far from perfect bibliographies produced, librarians are optimistic that with a few changes to the teaching of RefWorks, students' referencing skills can be substantially improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
210143160 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-11-22T01:01:26.800Z | 2019-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Marine Reservoir Age Variability Over the Last Deglaciation: Implications for Marine CarbonCycling and Prospects for Regional Radiocarbon Calibrations
Marine radiocarbon dates, corrected for ocean‐atmosphere reservoir age offsets (R‐ages), are widely used to constrain marine chronologies. R‐ages also represent the surface boundary condition that links the ocean interior radiocarbon distribution (i.e., “radiocarbon ventilation ages”) to the ocean's large‐scale overturning circulation. Understanding how R‐ages have varied over time is therefore essential both for accurate dating and for investigations into past ocean circulation/carbon cycle interactions. A number or recent studies have shed light on surface reservoir age changes over the last deglaciation; however, a clear picture of global/regional spatiotemporal patterns of variability has yet to emerge. Here we combine new and existing reservoir age estimates to show coherent but distinct regional reservoir age trends in the subpolar North Atlantic and Southern Ocean. It can be further shown that similar but lower amplitude changes occurred at midlatitudes in each hemisphere. An apparent link between regional patterns of reservoir age variability and the “thermal bipolar seesaw” suggests a causal link with changes in ocean circulation, mixed‐layer depth, and/or sea ice dynamics. A further link to atmospheric CO2 is also apparent and underlines a potentially dominant role for changes in the ocean's “disequilibrium carbon” pool, rather than changes in ocean transport, in deglacial CO2 change. The existence of significant R‐age variability over the last deglaciation poses a problem for marine radiocarbon age calibrations. However, its apparent regional consistency also raises the prospect of developing region‐specific marine calibration curves for radiocarbon‐dating purposes. |
119093310 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-14T21:56:24.180Z | 2017-11-14T00:00:00.000Z | Modelling Occasionally Binding Constraints Using Regime-Switching
Occasionally binding constraints are part of the economic landscape: for instance recent experience with the global financial crisis has highlighted the gravity of the lower bound constraint on interest rates; mortgagors are subject to more stringent borrowing conditions when credit growth has been excessive or there is a downturn in the economy. In this paper we take four common examples of occasionally binding constraints in economics and demonstrate how to use regime-switching to incorporate them into DSGE models. In particular we investigate the zero lower bound constraint on interest rates, occasionally binding collateral constraints, downward nominal wage rigidities and irreversible investment. We compare our approach against some well-known methods for solving occasionally-binding constraints. We demonstrate the versatility of our regime-switching approach by combining multiple occasionally binding constraints to a model solved using higher-order perturbation methods, a feat that is difficult to achieve using alternative methodologies. |
25355110 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:07:55.520Z | 1996-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Progression of type C chronic hepatitis to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma--its relationship to alcohol drinking and the age of transfusion.
Alcohol drinking has been reported to be an important factor that modulates the development and prognosis of chronic hepatitis B; however, little is known about an interrelationship between alcohol intake and the progression of chronic hepatitis C to liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We attempted to clarify this interrelationship in patients with hepatitis C and history of blood transfusion. Thirty LC and 85 HCC patients were enrolled. In patients with LC, no significant correlation was observed between the amount of alcohol intake and the period from transfusion to diagnosis. The period from transfusion to diagnosis in HCC patients with alcohol intake > or = 46 g/day and < 46 g/day were 26 +/- 6 and 31 +/- 9 years, respectively, resulting in a significant difference (p < 0.05). The period from transfusion to diagnosis of LC and/or HCC showed significant negative correlation with the age of transfusion (r = 0.82, Y = -0.67X + 48.0, p < 0.01; r = 0.76, Y = -0.70X + 54.1, p < 0.001, respectively). This correlation was also observed in patients with HCC, regardless of the amount of alcohol intake. In conclusion, these data suggest that alcohol drinking might be an important factor that promotes an occurrence of HCC in patients with hepatitis C, and that hepatitis C virus infection in the elderly promotes development of liver disease via LC to HCC. |
108151710 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-11T13:09:14.298Z | 2019-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Siemens' WEEE management strategy
Abstract This chapter explains how a corporate waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) management strategy represents more than a focus on collection rates or recycling quotes. It is rather a company-wide resource-conserving philosophy that considers the complete life cycle of a product. The overall WEEE management strategy can contain particular strategies for refurbishment of electronic devices and systems, reuse of components, extraction of spare parts, and recycling. To increase the company's WEEE management efficiency, some existing procedures will have to change and new ones will have to be created. This chapter discusses the use of a database to check the conformity of materials to regulations, the design of electronic products for reuse and recycling, the reduction of WEEE by optimizing material use in a product, and the need for close cooperation with component suppliers as means to improve the efficiency of WEEE management. |
153626560 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-15T14:32:05.812Z | 2002-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | The ‘Employability Gap’: Long-Term Unemployment and Barriers to Work in Buoyant Labour Markets
We analyse the main barriers limiting the employability of long-term unemployed job seekers within a local labour market characterised by generally high levels of demand. We use four key elements of employability (employability assets, the deployment of assets, the presentation of assets, and context) as an analytical framework in order to analyse the manner in which job seekers' personal characteristics, social and family circumstances, and perceptions of the labour market affect their ability to pursue employment opportunities. The results of interviews carried out with 115 long-term unemployed job seekers show that individual and family circumstances and attitudes towards work and job seeking are likely to be increasingly important barriers given the context of a relative lack of demand-side problems and the availability of lower-skilled jobs in expanding industries. In particular, many long-term unemployed job seekers were reluctant to seek jobs in the expanding service sectors of the local economy. Although the concept of employability provides a useful theoretical and policy framework for analysing long-term unemployment issues, models based upon an employability framework should be expanded to incorporate the role of employers and so integrate supply-side and demand-side perspectives. |
23240110 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:12:54.915Z | 2015-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1c in hunting falcons and kept wild birds in Dubai implicate intercontinental virus spread.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of subtype H5N1 have continued to perpetuate with divergent genetic variants in poultry within Asia since 2003. Further dissemination of Asian-derived H5 HPAIVs to Europe, Africa and, most recently, to the North American continent has occurred. We report an outbreak of HPAIV H5N1 among falcons kept for hunting and other wild bird species bred as falcon prey in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, during the autumn of 2014. The causative agent was identified as avian influenza virus subtype H5N1, clade 2.3.2.1c, by genetic and phylogenetic analyses. High mortality in infected birds was in accordance with systemic pathomorphological and histological alterations in affected falcons. Genetic analysis showed the HPAIV H5N1 of clade 2.3.2.1c is a reassortant in which the PB2 segment was derived from an Asian-origin H9N2 virus lineage. The Dubai H5N1 viruses were closely related to contemporary H5N1 HPAIVs from Nigeria, Burkina-Faso, Romania and Bulgaria. Median-joining network analysis of 2.3.2.1c viruses revealed that the Dubai outbreak was an episode of a westward spread of these viruses on a larger scale from unidentified Asian sources. The incursion into Dubai, possibly via infected captive hunting falcons returning from hunting trips to central Asian countries, preceded outbreaks in Nigeria and other West African countries. The alarmingly enhanced geographical mobility of clade 2.3.2.1.c and clade 2.3.4.4 viruses may represent another wave of transcontinental dissemination of Asian-origin HPAIV H5 viruses, such as the outbreak at Qinghai Lake caused by clade 2.2 (‘Qinghai’ lineage) in 2005. |
9248610 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-10T11:52:07.126Z | 2005-06-27T00:00:00.000Z | Large-Eddy Simulation of Rotor Tip-Clearance Flows: Computational Challenges and Accomplishments
The tip-leakage flow dynamics in axial turbomachines has been studied using large-eddy simulation (LES) with particular emphasis on understanding the underlying mechanisms for viscous losses, low-pressure fluctuations, and tip-leakage vortex oscillations. Such an understanding is essential to predicting and eventually controlling cavitation, noise, and vibration in liquid handling systems such as pumps and ducted propellers, and improving their performance. An overview of the computational challenges and major accomplishments of this Challenge Project is presented. These include: (i) improvements of parallel performance, optimization, and portability of the LES code, (ii) LES of the tip-leakage flow in a linear cascade, (iii) detailed analysis of flow statistics, vortex dynamics, and pressure fluctuations, (iv) exploration of tip-leakage flow control strategies by modifying the tip-gap size and end-wall shape, and (v) extension of the flow solver for multiphase simulations of cavitating flow in a rotating twisted blade. |
87280360 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-31T13:43:25.457Z | 2016-03-22T00:00:00.000Z | Evolution of The Hallux in Non-Avian Theropod Dinosaurs
ABSTRACT The emergence of a reversed hallux (first pedal digit) in the theropod lineage is regarded as an important indicator of increasing grasping ability and possibly arboreality. However, functions of the pes with a plesiomorphic, nonreversed hallux in non-avian theropods, other than the major role in supporting and propelling the body during the stance phase, have not been fully addressed. To clarify hallucal function, 21 specimens of non-avian theropods were examined in this study. Ancestrally in Theropoda, the proximal end of the first metatarsal reached the ankle joint as in extant crocodilians. The size of the first metatarsal was then reduced, lost direct contact with the ankle joint, and shifted more plantarly in basal neotheropods. In articulated coelophysoid specimens, the proximal end of the first metatarsal attaches to the medioplantar margin of the second metatarsal, whereas the distal part of the first metatarsal and phalanges of the hallux lies on the plantar aspect of the pes. In four articulated specimens of the dromaeosaurid Velociraptor, preserved positions of the first metatarsal on the second metatarsal vary from the medial to plantar aspects, and correspondingly the rotational axis of the extension/flexion movement at its distal articulation ranges from mediolateral to dorsoplantar. Similar conditions are also observed in troodontid specimens, suggesting the presence of intermetatarsal mobility between the first and second metatarsals enabled by a convex proximal articular surface of the first metatarsal in deinonychosaurians similar to the one present in extant birds. |
97529460 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-06T13:11:11.836Z | 2009-10-13T00:00:00.000Z | MAS NMR study of the photoreceptor phytochrome
Plants, algae and bacteria respond to light in various manners. The effect of light on the growth of plants is called photomorphogenesis and is regulated by the photoreceptor protein named phytochrome. Phytochrome is formed in the dark in its inactive red-absorbing (Pr) state and transformed upon absorption of red light to its physiologically active far-red-absorbing state called Pfr. This switching process is linked to a Z-to-E photoisomerization of its open-chain tetrapyrrole cofactor and is transduced to the protein surface modifying the interaction with other proteins in the signal chain. 1H, 15N and 13C cross polarization MAS NMR was used to investigate at atomic resolution both the Pr and Pfr states as well as the two intermediates of the Pfr-to-Pr reaction, Lumi-F and Meta-F. The Pfr state is characterized by a strong hydrogen-bonding at the carbonyl of ring D which leads to an increase in length and strength of the conjugation of the pi-system. The Pfr-to-Pr conversion occurs in two steps: the C15=C16 double bond is photoisomerized in Lumi-F, the rotation around the C14-C15 single bond takes place during the formation of Meta-F. The signal transduction is linked to a change of hydrogen-bonding interaction at the ring D nitrogen with the protein environment. |
235860 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:06:25.655Z | 1989-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Effects of sulbactam/cefoperazone in patients with respiratory infections in aged and/or with underlying respiratory diseases].
Sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ), a new antibacterial drug, was administered to 14 cases with respiratory infections for a duration of 5 approximately 13 days at a daily dose of 4 g. Diagnoses of these patients were 7 respiratory tract infections, and 7 bronchopneumonias. The underlying diseases were chronic pulmonary emphysema in 6 cases, bronchial asthma in 2 cases, and one each of bronchiectasis, diffuse panbronchiolitis and lung cancer with bronchoesophageal fistula. All patients had underlying respiratory diseases and/or were more than 70 years old. The rate of clinical efficacy was 78.6%. The incidence of penicillinase production by isolated bacteria was 18.2% and that of cephalosporinase was 63.6%. SBT/CPZ was expected to be more effective than CPZ alone in 3 cases judging from the susceptibility of the bacterial strains concerned, to antibiotics. No side effects were observed. We conclude that SBT/CPZ is useful in the treatment of respiratory infections of patients of advanced age and/or with underlying respiratory diseases. |
2778750 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:53:27.506Z | 2010-10-10T00:00:00.000Z | A decade of surgically removed small renal masses in the Netherlands: characteristics and trends in type of surgery and pathologic reporting.
PURPOSE
To assess nationwide the pathologic characteristics and trends in type of surgery and pathologic reporting in surgically managed renal tumors ≤ 4 cm.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A review of all pathologic reports of primary small renal masses operated on in the Netherlands during the period 1995 to 2005 was performed. The data source was a nationwide central archive of histocytopathology (Patologisch Anatomisch Landelijk Geautomatiseerde Archief). Tumors were stratified into three groups: ≤ 2, 2.1 to 3.0, and 3.1 to 4.0 cm. Age, sex, type of operation, and tumor pathology were analyzed. For renal-cell carcinomas, grade (3-tiers Fuhrman) and stage (2002 Tumor, Node, Metastasis) were assessed. Trends in type of surgery (radical or partial nephrectomy [PN]) and pathologic reporting during the study period were analyzed.
RESULTS
Of all operated primary kidney tumors, 25.3% were ≤ 4.0 cm. The mean age of the patients was 63.1 years (standard deviation 11.7), and the male/female ratio was 3:2. Only 7.5% were benign tumors, and 9.8% were locally advanced (≥ T₃). Tumors ≤ 3.0 cm were more likely to be benign (P = 0.006) and of lower stage (P ≤ 0.001) than tumors of 3.1 to 4 cm. PN was performed in 16.5% of the cases. Grade and subtype were reported in 55% of the cases. The rate of PNs performed increased during the decade. There was a trend in increased reporting of grade and subtype.
CONCLUSIONS
A quarter of all the operated primary kidney tumors were ≤ 4 cm. Smaller tumors were more likely to be benign and of lower stage. A cutoff size regarding biologic aggressiveness can be settled at the 3 cm size. The PN rate increased along the decade. Grade and subtype reporting rates remained suboptimal, although a positive trend was noted. |
122140300 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-19T13:09:51.000Z | 1983-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Neutral hydrogen absorption in Mrk 6, NGC 3810, 1506+34, and NGC 1068
H I absorption has been reported in NGC 1068 and NGC 3810. The absorbing material in NGC 1068 has a low column density and is positioned in front of the compact nuclear source. Absorption in NGC 3810 occurs across a large fraction of the extended (4') radio source. Velocity offsets in NGC 3810 are due to disk rotation of the absorbing gas. Interpreting the features in these galaxies in terms of H I holes is considered implausible. H I absorption spectra are presented for Mrk 6 and a high resolution spectrum is given for 1506+34, suggesting the presence of distinct components in the 1506+34 absorption feature. |