eligible ages (years): 25.0-70.0,  All  Pre-diabetes Obesity Age 25 years and 55 years Overweight or obesity status BMI>25 kg/m2 Pre-diabetes. The from WHO/IDF (International Diabetes Foundation) for assessing pre-diabetes will be used as the formal i.e. having: Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG): Fasting venous plasma glucose concentration 5.6 9 mmol/l or Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT): Venous Plasma glucose concentration of 7.8 0 mmol/l at 2 h after oral administration of 75 g glucose (oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT), with fasting plasma glucose less than 7.0 mmol/l. Due to potential between-lab variation (local assessments), HbA1c is not used as an in the screening Informed consent required Ethnic group No restrictions  Based on interview and/or questionnaire, individuals with the following problems will be excluded Medical conditions as known by the subjects: Diabetes mellitus (other than gestational diabetes mellitus); Significant cardiovascular disease including current angina; myocardial infarction or stroke within the past 6 months; heart failure; symptomatic peripheral vascular disease; Systolic blood pressure above 160 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure above 100 mmHg whether on or off treatment for hypertension. If being treated, no change in drug treatment within last 3 months; Advanced chronic renal impairment; Significant liver disease e.g. cirrhosis (fatty liver disease allowed); Malignancy which is currently active or in remission for less than five years after last treatment (local basal and squamous cell skin cancer allowed); Active inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, chronic pancreatitis or other disorder potentially causing malabsorption; Previous bariatric surgery; Chronic respiratory, neurological, musculoskeletal or other disorders where, in the judgement of the investigator, participants would have unacceptable risk or difficulty in complying with the protocol (e.g. physical activity program); A recent surgical procedure until after full convalescence (investigators judgement); Transmissible blood-borne diseases e.g. hepatitis B, HIV; Psychiatric illness (e.g. major depression, bipolar disorder) Medication: Use currently or within the previous 3 months of prescription medication that has the potential of affecting body weight or glucose metabolism such as glucocorticoids (but excluding inhaled and topical steroids; bronchodilators are allowed), psychoactive medication, epileptic medication, or weight loss medications (either prescription, over the counter or herbal). Low dose antidepressants are allowed if they, in the judgement of the investigator, do not affect weight or participation to the study protocol. Levothyroxine for treatment of hypothyroidism is allowed if the participant has been on a stable dose for at least 3 months Personal/Other: Engagement in competitive sports; Self-reported weight change of >5 % (increase or decrease) within 2 months prior to screening; Special diets (e.g. vegan, Atkins) within 2 months prior to study start. A lacto-vegetarian diet is allowed; Severe food intolerance expected to interfere with the study; Regularly drinking > 21 alcoholic units/week (men), or > 14 alcoholic units/week (women); Use of drugs of abuse within the previous 12 months; Blood donation or transfusion within the past 1 month before baseline or CID's; Self-reported eating disorders; Pregnancy or lactation, including plans to become pregnant within the next 36 months; No access to either phone or Internet (this is necessary when being contacted by the instructor's during the maintenance phase); Adequate understanding of national language; Psychological or behavioral problems which, in the judgement of the investigator, would lead to difficulty in complying with the protocol Laboratory screening: If all of the above are satisfied, the participant is eligible for a glucose tolerance test (blood at 0 and 120 mins), and blood glucose concentrations are analyzed immediately (Haemocue). In addition full blood count, urea, and electrolytes may be analyzed as a further safety evaluation ONLY IF the glucose tolerance test meets the entry for the study, the remaining samples are sent to the local laboratory for a safety check, with the following Hemoglobin concentration below local laboratory reference values (i.e. anemia); Creatinine >1.5 times Upper Limit of Normal (local laboratory reference values); Alanine Transaminase (ALT) and/or Aspartate Transaminase (AST) >3 times the Upper Limit of Normal (local laboratory reference values); Or any other significant abnormality on these tests which in the investigators opinion may be clinically significant and require further assessment Electrocardiography (ECG). Any abnormality which in the opinion of the investigator might indicate undiagnosed cardiac disease requiring further assessment (e.g. significant conduction disorder, arrhythmia, pathological Q waves). This is done in adults 55-70 years of age After LCD phase (in adults): Failure to reach at least 8% weight reduction during the LCD phase. This leads to from the intervention


A 46-year-old woman presents  with a 9 month history of weight loss (20 lb), sweating, insomnia and diarrhea. She reports to have been eating more than normal and that her heart sometimes races for no reason. On physical examination her hands are warm and sweaty, her pulse is irregular at 110bpm and there is hyperreflexia and mild exophthalmia.

eligible ages (years): 18.0-55.0,  All  Obesity Diabetes Cardiovascular Disease Aged 18 to 55 years BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 BMI < 40 kg/m2 and weight ≤ 300 lbs (136 kg) Medical clearance from a primary care provider Plans to matriculate as a student at Framingham State University or work on campus throughout the academic year of enrollment in the study Willingness to eat and drink only the foods and beverages on the study menus during participation, with no food allergies or aversions Willingness to eat in the dining hall Willingness to abstain from consuming alcohol during participation  Change in body weight exceeding ±10% during prior year Recent adherence to a special diet Recent adherence to a vigorous physical activity regimen (e.g., participation in a varsity sport) Chronic use of any medication or dietary supplement that could affect study outcomes Current smoking (1 cigarette in the last week) Heavy baseline alcohol consumption (> 10 drinks/week) or history of binge drinking (≥ 5 drinks in 1 day, anytime in past 6 months) Physician diagnosis of a major medical/psychiatric illness or eating disorder Abnormal blood glucose, TSH, CBC, BUN, Creatinine ALT greater than 150% of the normal upper limit Plans for a vacation during the study that would preclude adherence to prescribed diet


eligible ages (years): 18.0-60.0,  All  Asthma years of age or older Known Asthma The exacerbation is defined as moderate or severe Not currently enrolled as an active participant in another clinical trial of a medical therapy or device The patient or first degree family relative (in cases where the patient is intubated) has authorized his/her consent to participate in this trial. The patient will be asked to give his consent only after initial bronchodilator therapy  years of age or older Known thyroid disorders Subject where thyrotoxicosis is suspected Known heart disease Heart rate > 140


eligible ages (years): 18.0-55.0,  All  Hyponatremia -Triathletes with previous experience in half-ironman  -Potential participants (triathletes) with a previous history of muscle disorder, cardiac or kidney disease or those taking medicines or supplements during the two prior weeks were discarded


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Graves' Disease Thyroid Disease Hyperthyroidism Adults ≥ 18 years Diagnosis of Graves Disease Appointment with endocrinologist to discuss treatment options for Graves Disease  Major barriers to participate in shared decision making or to providing informed consent (i.e. dementia, severe hearing or visual impairment)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Obesity Male or Female 65 years old (inclusive) Weigh less than 350 lbs Body mass index (BMI) between 25-43 kg/m2 Willing to fast for 10 hours prior to examination Right handed  Diagnosis (by self report) of diabetes Diagnosis (by self report) of neurological condition Current or past alcohol or drug abuse problem Smoking Have internal metal medical devices including cardiac pacemakers, aortic or cerebral aneurysm clips, artificial heart valves, ferromagnetic implants, shrapnel, wire sutures, joint replacements, bone or joint pins/rods/screws/clips, metal plates, metal fragments in your eye, or non-removable metal jewelry such as rings Unable or unwilling to complete the imaging procedures for the duration of the MRI scan due to claustrophobia or other reason


eligible ages (years): 18.0-55.0,  All  Oxidative Damage Healthy, non-pregnant subjects between 18 and 55 years of age. Apparently healthy is classified as A-1, A-2, or A-3 according to the American Heart Association http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/97/22/2283/T6.expansion.html Subjects have to achieve a classification of "local class" based on age-graded time USA Track & Field. The age-graded time is the finish time adjusted to that of an open division participant using a factor for age and gender. Thus, the times for women and older participants are adjusted downward, while the times for most open division participants (such as 25-year-old men) remain the same. For example, a 55 year old woman has to run 29 minutes 45 seconds or better to be in the study http://www.usatf.org/statistics/calculators/agegrading/ For a man the same age, the equivalent time would be 25 minutes 2 seconds. This is approximately 60% of the speed of the current world record time for that age Subjects who will abstain from taking any nutritional supplements for the duration of the study, including vitamins and mineral supplements (Exception, ferrous sulfate, elemental iron, Vitamin D, Calcium). Subjects will also abstain from taking any over the counter products (herbals, melatonin, St. John's Wort, etc…) for the duration of the study The  will be the following Under 18 and over 55 years of age; those who are not apparently healthy is classified as A-1, A-2, or A-3 according to the American Heart Association Subjects who are not able to run 5-km in the time required for their age and gender Subjects that will continue to take nutritional supplements, including over the counter products, for the duration of the study, including vitamins and mineral supplements (exception: Ferrous sulfate, Elemental iron, Vitamin D, Calcium) Subjects that are taking prescription medications with the exception of birth control Known allergy or sensitivity to milk thistle, Bacopa monnieri, Ashwagandha, turmeric (or ginger), tea, its parts, caffeine, tannins, or members of the Theaceae family


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Hypothyroidism Subclinical Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Subclinical Hyperthyroidism Graves Disease Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Iodine Deficiency Genetic Susceptibility Aged equal or more than 18 years old at the time of sampling Malaysian citizen  Respondents who did not give consent


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Thyroid Goiter Thyroid Carcinoma Multinodular Goiter Graves Diseases Patients affected by benign thyroid disease undergoing thyroidectomy


eligible ages (years): 18.0-60.0,  All  Graves Ophthalmopathy Graves Disease Eye Diseases Thyroid Diseases Endocrine System Diseases Eye Diseases, Hereditary Hyperthyroidism Autoimmune Diseases Immune System Diseases Clinical diagnosis of Graves' Orbitopathy Mild GO According to statemnt, patients with mild GO usually have any one or more of the following：mild soft tissue involvement, exophthalmos＜18mm, temporary, or no diplopia Clinical activity score lower than 3 Being euthyroid for at least 1 month before the date of No previous specific therapy for GO, except for local measures in 1 month before the date of Written informed consent is obtained  moderate-sever Graves' Orbitopathy Sight-threatening Graves' Orbitopathy Clinical activity score ≥ 3 Pregnant females as determined by positive (serum or urine) hCG test at screening or prior to dosing, or lactating females Uncontrolled diabetes or hypertension History of mental / psychiatric disorder Hepatic dysfunction (Alb, AST, ALT and Alkaline phosphates levels must be within normal range for eligibility) Renal impairment (Urea and Creatinine levels must be within normal range) Doxycycline allergy or intolerance


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Thyroid Neoplasms Goiter, Nodular Thyroid Nodule Graves' Disease Hyperparathyroidism Patient ≥ 18 years old Surgical indication for parathyroidectomy or thyroidectomy  Patients < 18 years old Patient with history of chronic opioid use Patient with chronic pain syndromes Patient with allergy to marcaine


eligible ages (years): 20.0-999.0,  All  Graves Disease Patients with Graves disease


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Graves' Disease Group A: Untreated Graves' hyperthyroidism (or within 4 weeks of initiating ATD treatment) definition hyperthyroidism: TSH decreased, FT4 and /or FT3 increased definition Graves': diffusely enlarged thyroid gland either by palpation or echograpy, and/or homogeneous thyroid uptake at scintigraphy, or positive TSHRAb first episode or recurrence of Graves' hyperthyroidism minimal or no eye signs, defined as lid retraction / lid lag but no other signs Planned treatment with antithyroid drugs either titration regimen or block-and-replace regimen for 18 months Group B. Untreated Graves' hyperthyroidism (or within 4 weeks of initiating ATD treatment) with overt signs of GO as defined by Mild GO: patients whose features of GO have only a minor impact on daily life insufficient to justify immunosuppressive or surgical treatment. They usually have only one or more of the following: minor lid retraction (<2 mm), mild soft tissue involvement, exophthalmos <3 mm above normal for race and gender, transient or no diplopia, and corneal exposure responsive to lubricants) Moderate-to-severe GO: Patients without sight-threatening GO whose eye disease has sufficient impact on daily life to justify the risks of immunosuppression (if active) or surgical intervention (if inactive). Patients with moderate-to-severe GO usually have any one or more of the following: lid retraction R2 mm, moderate or severe soft tissue involvement, exophthalmos >3 mm above normal for race and gender, inconstant, or constant diplopia Sight -threatening GO: Patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) and/or corneal  Previous or planned treatment with 131I or thyroidectomy (A&B); sight threatening GO requiring decompression (B); drugs interfering with the natural course of GO (A&B): steroids, immunosuppressants, thiazolidinediones, antibiotics / antifungals / antivirals (both topical and systemic for at least 4 weeks prior to recruitment to the study); acute diarrhea illness (gastroenteritis for at least 4 weeks prior to recruitment to the study); Drugs interfering with thyroid function (A&B): amiodarone, lithium, iodine supplements; Drug or alcohol abuse (A&B); no informed consent (A&B); Age less than 18 (A&B); Pregnancy (A&B)


eligible ages (years): 3.0-55.0,  All  Xerostomia Hyperthyroidism Thyroid Cancer Patients who have been treated with radioiodine therapy Patients who have never received radioiodine therapy (negative control group)  Non-English speaking subjects will be excluded due to our lack of translation support resources at this time. Of note, participation in our study cannot benefit participants in any way


eligible ages (years): 18.0-70.0,  All  Ophthalmopathy, Thyroid-Associated ◦Man or woman between 18-70 years TAO with CAS of ≥ 4 (less than 3 months) Euthyroid for at least 6 weeks  Dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) Ulcerative Keratitis Previous treatment with steroids for TAO (do not prophylaxis for TAO in connection with radio iodine treatment) Previous Treatment with Rituximab (MabThera®) Positive Hepatitis B or C serology Receipt of a live vaccine within 4 weeks prior RTX+MTX to randomization History of recurrent significant infection or history of recurrent bacterial infections Patient who may not attend to the protocol according to the investigators opinion Pregnancy or lactation Significant cardiac, including significant or uncontrolled arrhythmia, or pulmonary disease (including obstructive pulmonary disease)


eligible ages (years): 8.0-999.0,  All  Obesity Eating Behaviors Healthy Volunteers Volunteers will qualify if they meet the following criteria Age 8 17 years Weight, height and BMI greater than or equal to 5th percentile for age and sex according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 US standard Cognitively capable of completing study procedures (FSIQ greater than or equal to 70) Good general health based on a normal history and physical examination (with the exception of overweight and minor, well-controlled illnesses)  Individuals will be excluded (and provided treatment referrals as needed) for the following reasons History of major cardiovascular disease or any other serious obesity-related complication as assessed during history and physical exam. Individuals with untreated or major illnesses relating to the endocrine and/or cardiovascular systems are excluded because these illnesses will likely influence outcomes. Such obesity-related comorbidities hypertension (defined by age sex and height specific standards, and fasting hyperglycemia consistent with diabetes (fasting glucose > 126 mg/dL) Presence of other major illnesses: renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, most endocrinologic (e.g., Cushing syndrome, untreated hyper or hypothyroidism), hematological problems or pulmonary disorders (other than asthma not requiring continuous medication). Non-serious medical illnesses, such as seasonal allergies, will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis Regular use of any medication known to affect body weight or eating behavior (e.g., many medications prescribed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD). Medication use for non-serious conditions (e.g., acne) will be considered on a case-by-case basis Current pregnancy or a history of pregnancy. A negative pregnancy test before starting the study will be required for postmenarcheal girls Current and regular use of tobacco products and/or alcohol


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma Recurrent Thyroid Gland Carcinoma Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma Stage IVC Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma Stage IVC Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma Histological or cytological confirmation of thyroid carcinoma of follicular origin (including papillary, follicular, or poorly differentiated subtypes and their respective variants); note: medullary and anaplastic thyroid cancers are excluded; Hurthle cell carcinomas are excluded (defined as having an invasive tumor composed of > 75% oncocytic [Hurthle] cells lacking the nuclear features of papillary carcinoma, tumor necrosis, and marked mitotic activity); patients with oncocytic (Hurthle cell) variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma (defined as a tumor composed of a majority of oncocytic [Hurthle] cells having the nuclear features of papillary carcinoma) are eligible to participate RAI-avid lesion on a radioiodine scan (a diagnostic, post-therapy, or post-ablation scans) performed =< 12 months prior to registration, which suggests that therapy with 131I is justifiable in the judgment of the investigator Measurable disease; (NOTE: a malignant lymph node is considered measurable if 1) it is noted to be RAI-avid on radioactive iodine imaging [diagnostic or post-therapy whole body scans acceptable] and it measures >= 1 cm in the long axis, 2) it is pathologically proven to be involved with thyroid cancer [by cytology or pathology] and it measures >= 1 cm in the long axis, or 3) its short axis is >= 1.5 cm when assessed by computed tomography [CT] scan) Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0, 1 or 2 Able to swallow and retain orally-administered medication with no clinically significant gastrointestinal abnormalities that may alter absorption Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1500/mm^3 Platelet count >= 100,000/mm^3 Hemoglobin > 9.0 g/dL Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) Aspartate transaminase (AST) =< 2.5 x ULN (or =< 5x ULN in presence of liver metastases)  therapy =< 6 months prior to registration; note: A diagnostic study using < 10 mCi of 131I is not considered 131I therapy External beam radiation therapy =< 28 days prior to registration; note: previous treatment with radiation is allowed if the investigator judges it will not compromise patient safety on the study Having been treated with a total cumulative (lifetime) 131I therapeutic activity > 800 mCi (excluding 131I activity administered for diagnostic scans) Treatment with chemotherapy or targeted therapy (e.g. tyrosine kinase inhibitor) =< 28 days prior to registration Prior exposure to mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), RAS, or RAF inhibitors (note: previous exposure to sorafenib is allowed) OR history of hypersensitivity to selumetinib, thyrotropin alpha (Thyrogen), or any excipient agents Unresolved toxicity > Common Terminology for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 2 from previous anti-cancer therapy, except for alopecia Cardiac conditions as follows Uncontrolled hypertension (blood pressure [BP] >=150/95 mmHg despite medical therapy) Left ventricular ejection fraction < 55% measured by echocardiography Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate > 100 beats per minute (bpm) on electrocardiogram (ECG) at rest


eligible ages (years): 18.0-79.0,  All  Thyroid Neoplasms patients with differentiated thyroid cancer recently underwent total thyroidectomy (within 6 months) pathological T1bN0 : Tumor size 1-2cm with no microscopic extension with multifocality (within three foci) T3N0 : Tumor size <=2cm with microscopic extension (less than strap muscle) T1-3N1a : 3 or less micrometastatic lymph node  differentiated thyroid cancer with aggressive variant, poorly differentiated thyroid cancer, medullary thyroid cancer, anaplastic thyroid cancer more than 2cm size of tumor gross extension (strap muscle or more) Number of dissected lymph node <3 thyroid cancer with distant metastasis previous remote history of thyroid cancer surgery history of cervical external beam radiation therapy previous history of comorbid cancer renal insufficiency (Ccr <30ml/min) women with pregnancy or breast feeding


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Cardiac Arrest Unconscious (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤6) ≥18 years old Admitted in ICU after successful resuscitation from CA Treated with TH targeted to 33°C  unavailable ONSD measurement within 24 hours after return of spontaneous circulation (unavailable investigator, early death, or major hemodynamic instability) Traumatic or neurological origin of CA Previous cerebrovascular disease Facial trauma affecting the orbits and/or eyeballs Previous history of ocular pathology such as exophthalmia, glaucoma or cataract


eligible ages (years): 20.0-85.0,  All  Graves' Disease aged between 20 and 85 years euthyroid Graves' disease  Patients who were not capable to complete the questionnaire due to severe cognitive dysfunction or under education were excluded from this study


A 20 yo female college student with no significant past medical history presents with a chief complaint of fatigue. She reports increased sleep and appetite over the past few months as well as difficulty concentrating on her schoolwork. She no longer enjoys spending time with her friends and feels guilty for not spending more time with her family. Her physical exam and laboratory tests, including hemoglobin, hematocrit and thyroid stimulating hormone, are within normal limits.

eligible ages (years): 18.0-60.0,  All  Depressive Disorders Depression Must meet for Major Depression Must be free of other mental or physical disorders that could cause depression, and also free from conditions that would typically participants from trials involving pharmacologic antidepressants Cannot be receiving other treatments or require immediate clinical attention


eligible ages (years): 18.0-60.0,  All  Mood Disorder Bipolar Disorder Depression MDD Seventy subjects (ages 18 to 60) with MDD will be selected who additionally meet for one of 3 subgroups A) MDD, Currently depressed with FPDD, as defined by DSM-IV for recurrent MDD, currently in a major depressive episode, who have a first degree relative with MDD but no first degree relatives with mania, alcoholism, or antisocial personality disorder B) MDD, Currently in remission with a history of FPDD, defined as a period of at least six months with no more than one clinically significant symptom, and during which time subjects were not taking an AD agent. Subjects will thus meet the historical for recurrent MDD (DSM-IV). We will also require that subjects previously had a least one antidepressant drug trial, to ensure that the severity of previous episodes warranted treatment C) MDD, Currently depressed, non-FPDD. To assess the specificity of the findings in MDD to FPDD, a sample meeting for MDD, currently in a depressive episode, but not FPDD will also be imaged Forty five subjects (ages 18 to 60) who meet DSM-IV for bipolar disorder and are currently in a major depressive episode. Subjects may be inpatients or outpatients. Because effective treatment will not be discontinued for the purposes of this protocol, subjects will be identified who have never been treated or who have discontinued medication due to lack of efficacy, noncompliance, physician order or other reasons prior to study entry LOW RISK One hundred and four subjects (ages 18 to 60) who have not met for any major psychiatric disorder. The control subjects will have no known first or second degree relatives with mood disorders Ten subjects (ages 18 to 60) with probable Cushing's Disease will be recruited who have both clinical and biochemical evidence of hypercortisolism (including urinary free cortisol excretion higher than the upper limit of normal (greater than 248) nmole/day, and marked central adiposity, cutaneous atrophy, proximal myopathy, and large purple striae). The diagnosis of probable Cushing's Disease will also have been established prior to referral via CRH and ACTH (n equals 12; ages 18-50). These females are recruited, screened and diagnosed by collaboration under protocol number 81-M-0126, previously approved by IRB, entitled 'The Phenomenology and Biophysiology of Menstrually Regulated Mood and Behavioral Disorders', principal investigator, David Rubinow, M.D. As described in that protocol these subjects must have a regular menstrual cycle lasting 21  Subjects must not have taken antidepressant or other medications likely to alter monoamine neurochemistry or cerebrovascular function for at least 3 weeks (8 weeks for fluoxetine) prior to scanning. Subjects being scanned at two points or the same point twice in their menstrual cycle must not have taken birth control pills for at least 6 months prior to scanning. However, effective medications will not be discontinued for the purposes of this study. Instead, subjects will be recruited who are not currently receiving psychotropic drugs. Subjects will also be excluded if they have serious suicidal ideation or behavior psychosis to the extent that the ability to provide informed consent is in doubt medical or neurological illnesses likely to affect physiology or anatomy a history of drug or alcohol abuse within 1 year or a lifetime history of alcohol or drug dependence (DSM IV criteria) current pregnancy current breast feeding general MRI previous exposure to ecstasy (i.e. MDMA) which has neurotoxic effects on 5-HTT expressing neurons Subjects beyond age 50 are excluded from the MRMD sample due to peri-menopausal status and subjects beyond age 60 are excluded to reduce the biological heterogeneity encompassed by the MDD since depressives whose age-at MDD-onset is later than 60 have a far greater likelihood of having MRI correlates of cerebrovascular disease than age-matched, healthy controls or age-matched, early-onset depressives


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Depressive Disorder Signed the informed consent Meet for major depressive disorder without psychotic features Have a level of understanding sufficient to provide informed consent and to communicate with the investigator and site personnel Have had at least one other major depressive episode prior to the one being experienced at study entry You are reliable and agree to keep all appointments for clinic visits, tests and procedures required by the protocol  You have had treatment with a drug within the last 30 days that has not received regulatory approval at the time of study entry Any women who are pregnant or breast feeding If you have any serious medical illnesses other than major depressive disorder If you have previously participated in a clinical trial for duloxetine Any previous or current diagnosis of bipolar, schizophrenia, or other psychotic disorders


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Seasonal Affective Disorder Patient has a history of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with a seasonal pattern  Patient has a current or past history of seizure disorder or brain injury Patient has a history or current diagnosis of anorexia nervosa or bulimia Patient has recurrent summer depression more frequently than winter depression Patient has primary diagnosis of panic disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), acute distress disorder, bipolar II disorder or other psychotic disorders Patient has initiated psychotherapy within the last 3 months


eligible ages (years): 10.0-55.0,  All  Involutional Depression Anxiety Disorders Age: 10-30 Can give consent/assent. Parents will provide consent for all minors All subjects will have IQ greater than 80 High risk Psychopathology: Offspring of adults with a history of MDD Low risk Psychopathology: Offspring of adults with no history of MDD and low developmental levels of emotion dysregulation. Subjects born to parents with only anxiety disorders will be included in this group  Any medical condition that increases risk for MRI (e.g. pacemaker, metallic foreign body in eye) Pregnancy Both groups: All subjects will be free of current impairing affective disorders, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, PTSD, ADHD, as well as lifetime history of substance dependence, psychosis, pervasive developmental disorder, major affective disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, conduct disorder, anorexia. All subjects will be born to parents with no history of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder Age: 18-55 Can give consent/assent Offspring: All subjects will have offspring participating in this same protocol Have an IQ greater than 80 Past history of MDD No lifetime history of MDD ADULT


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Depression Palliative Care Cancer Mental Disorder Either enrolled in the OHSU radiology/oncology clinic or VA palliative care, and living within 120 miles of the Portland VAMC Life-limiting disease is any type of solid or blood cancer Eighteen years of age or older Life expectancy of 1 year or less as reflected by hospice admission or palliative care status. Although exact life expectancy can not be predicted, actively dying patients with estimated life expectancy of < 10 days are unlikely to be enrolled Diagnosis of major depression disorder as determined by the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnosis (SCID) Significant depressive cognitive symptomatology as determined by a MADRS greater than 19 Currently taking an SSRI but still depressed enough to meet or not taking SSRI but depressed enough to start on SSRI Willing and able to give informed consent to participate in this study as demonstrated by the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for clinical research Speaks/understands English For patients at home who cannot self-administer medications, has a caregiver who can assist with administering medication  Dementia or Delirium as determined by the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) score of less than 7 Diagnosis of delirium as determined by the Confusional Assessment Method (CAM) Any of the following Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) items rated 4 -, elated mood, suspiciousness, hallucinations, excitement, distractibility or motor hyperactivity Severe insomnia Severe anxiety Significant suicidal ideation History of current mental disorder in which depressive symptoms occur, but for which psychostimulants are contraindicated (schizophrenia and bipolar disorder will be based on history; active psychotic symptoms on selected BPRS items) History of stimulant abuse or other active, severe substance abuse Contraindications to methylphenidate or an SSRI including significant cardiac arrhythmias; uncontrolled, severe hypertension; moderate-severe angina; seizure disorder; severe COPD; use of medications such as Levodopa, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and lithium; diagnosis of narrow-angle glaucoma; or history of SSRI-induced hyponatremia Physical symptoms including increased blood pressure (DBP greater than 115, SBP greater than 180), pulse greater than 120, irregular pulse, or chest pain consistent with angina


eligible ages (years): 14.0-75.0,  All  Depression (1) age 14-18 years and (2) one risk factor for developing depression in the next two years: sub-clinical depressed mood (not meeting of major depression) a family history of depression in a parent or sibling, or past personal history of depression or personal perception of risk depression and desire to participate  meeting or undergoing active treatment for major depression (5 or more symptoms nearly every day with functional impairment, minor depression) bipolar disorder panic disorder conduct disorder substance abuse or having suicidal ideation Active treatment for depression is defined as receiving anti-depressant medication or counseling within one year of remission of symptoms from the most recent episode Those who meet DSM-IV for minor depression (3-4 symptoms) or who report significant functional impairment (very difficult or above on the Prime MD functional impairment scale) will be notified and offered a referral for an evaluation by a mental health specialist (and will be strongly encouraged to attend) Those with 1-2 symptoms of depression will also be offered evaluation and treatment from a mental health specialist. In each case, the primary care physician will be notified and the parents (if under the age of 19)


eligible ages (years): 14.0-25.0,  All  Depressive Disorder, Major Cannabis Abuse DSM-IV diagnosis of current marijuana abuse or dependence, confirmed by SCID-SUD DSM-IV diagnosis of current major depressive disorder, confirmed by the K-SADS Marijuana use of at least two days within the week prior to enrollment Demonstrated adequate levels of depressive symptoms within the week prior to enrollment  DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, or schizophrenia Hypo or hyperthyroidism Significant cardiac, neurological, or kidney impairment Liver disease (SGOT, SGPT, or gamma-GTP greater than 3 times the normal level) Use of antipsychotic or antidepressant medication in the month prior to enrollment DSM-IV dependence on any substance except marijuana or nicotine; alcohol dependence, or history of drug use History of significant medication side effects from any SSRI antidepressant Pregnant Unable to use adequate contraceptive methods for the duration of the study Inability to read or understand English


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Major Depressive Disorder. Hepatitis C, Chronic Patients with chronic hepatitis C who are going to initiate treatment with peginterferon alfa2a + ribavirin Age 18-65 years Signed informed consent If female, they are not in fertile period or they use barrier contraceptives Patients able to understand and fill written questionnaires  Hepatic cirrhosis or carcinoma Less than 4000/mm3 leucocytes, or less than 70000/mm3 platelets Hemoglobin less than 11 g/dL (females) or 12 (males) Any risk factor for hemolysis Comorbid severe medical conditions (kidney, immune system, lung, heart, thyroid, etc) Baseline mental disorders that require antidepressants (depressive disorders and anxiety disorders) Other baseline mental disorders (delirium, substance use disorders) Mental disorders at any time (dementia, psychotic disorders, bipolar disorders Contraindications of escitalopram (hypersensibility, diabetes, patients using serotoninergic agents, drugs that enhance the risk of bleeding, or monoamineoxidase inhibitors -MAOIs-)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Unipolar Depression Male or female 18 years or older DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder of at least moderate severity, but without psychotic features Ham-D 17 score of 18 or above Have a documentable history of 2 prior adequate trials of antidepressants including an SSRI without sufficient response. A clinically adequate trial is defined as having taken a minimum effective dose of an antidepressant for at least 3 weeks without a significant change in depressive symptoms Must be currently on an serotonin uptake inhibitor (to venlafaxine or duloxetine) at an adequate dose for at least 3 weeks Ability and willingness to provide consent for participation in the study  Any medical condition that would preclude treatment with an SSRI, risperidone, or bupropion ER Any clinically significant unstable medical condition Diagnosis of bipolar disorder or a primary diagnosis of any psychotic disorder Current psychotic symptoms (hallucination or delusions) Alcohol or drug abuse or dependence in the last 3 months (excluding nicotine and caffeine dependence/abuse) or abuse within the last month Documented non-response to the combination of a novel antipsychotic or bupropion ER and a SSRI Concomitant use of any psychotropic other than an SSRI or zolpidem (PRN for sleep) Score of 4 on the suicide item of the Ham-D scale and determination by the investigator of significant suicide risk Known sensitivity to risperidone or bupropion ER


eligible ages (years): 18.0-55.0,  All  Major Depressive Disorder (All three groups) age 18-55 years satisfactory physical health education level and a degree of understanding to communicate effectively with the investigator c capable of providing informed consent female subjects of childbearing potential, a medically accepted means of contraception Additional for the patient groups DSM-IV-TR for a diagnosis of BD or MDD currently meeting for an MDE and a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17 Item (HDRS-17) score of > 17  (All three groups) DSM-IV-TR for substance abuse or dependence (except nicotine or caffeine) within the past 6 months comorbid neurological or other major psychiatric disorders as defined in the DSM-IV-TR history of neurological trauma resulting in loss of consciousness uncorrected hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, including elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) other unstable medical condition female subjects who are pregnant or nursing Additional for the BD and MDD group prior failure to respond to fluoxetine and olanzapine in combination at adequate dose and duration


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Atypical Depression adults 18-65 years of age DSM-IV for major depressive episode with atypical features as assessed by the Atypical Depression Diagnostic Scale minimum score of 18 on the Hamilton Depression Scale (29-item version) at baseline baseline Clinical Global Impressions Severity score of 4 or more written informed consent negative serum pregnancy test for women of childbearing potential  any current primary DSM-IV Axis I disorder other than depression history of DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar I disorder, schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder, mental retardation or other pervasive developmental disorder, or cognitive disorder due to a general medical condition history of substance abuse or dependence within the last 3 months suicide risk or serious suicide attempt with the last year clinically significant medical condition or laboratory or EKG abnormality history of non-response to three prior adequate trials of antidepressants women of childbearing potential who are unwilling to practice an acceptable method of contraception history of hypersensitivity to modafinil use of an investigational medication within the last 28 days use of antidepressant medication with 28 days of screening


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes HbA1C <= 12.0% within the past 12 months BMI <= 45.0 kg/m2 Initiation, addition of, change to, or continuation of basal insulin therapy with insulin detemir as deemed necessary by Investigator  Anticipated change in concomitant medication known to interfere with glucose metabolism such as systemic steroids, non-selective beta-blockers or mono amine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors Proliferative retinopathy or maculopathy that has required acute treatment within the last 6 months Any glucose lowering medication that is not indicated in combination with insulin, such as GLP-1 Analogues Known hypoglycemia unawareness or recurrent major hypoglycemia, as judged by the Investigator


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Major Depressive Disorder Male or female patients 18-65 years of age, inclusive


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Atypical Depression DSM-IV Major Depression or Dysthymia with Atypical Features Age 18-65 Physically healthy HAMD(24) > 14  Prior experience with Duloxetine History of Psychosis or Bipolar Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder Unstable medical disorder; any history of Epilepsy Currently taking medication that can interact with Duloxetine Current (past six months) Substance Use Disorder (illicit drugs and/or alcohol) Serious suicidal ideation judged at least somewhat likely to be acted upon or require hospitalization Current (past two weeks) use of psychoactive medication (four weeks for Fluoxetine) Pregnancy Currently breast feeding Fecund women failing to use acceptable birth control


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Depression Anxiety Student with above average levels of depression and anxiety symptoms (students with average or below average symptoms will be enrolled into the study space permitting)  Not a student in a participating school Not a student in grades six through eight


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Advanced Cancers Have weight loss of > 5% within the last 6 months Present with anorexia, fatigue and one of the following: anxiety, depression or sleep disturbances, during the preceding 24 hours, with an average intensity of each symptom >/= 3 on a scale of 0 to 10, in which 0=no symptom, and 10= the worst possible symptom Describe the symptoms as being present every day for a minimum of 2 weeks Have no clinical evidence of cognitive failure Must be 18 years or older Expect to live at least >/= 4 weeks Must have negative serum pregnancy test within 24 hours of study enrollment in women of childbearing potential. FDA for the status of not of childbearing potential, hysterectomy, or menopausal for 24 consecutive months Understand and sign written informed consent Have no concurrent steroids with the exception of steroids used concurrently with chemotherapy as part of a regimen or to reduce nausea Willing and able to comply with S.T.E.P.S.[System for Thalidomide Education and Prescribing Safety]  Have major contraindication to thalidomide, i.e. hypersensitivity Present with National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Toxicity Grade 3 or more peripheral neuropathy Are not able to complete the baseline assessment forms Are pregnant or lactating Patients with clinical history of seizures Patients with an ANC of </= 750 at time of study enrollment will be excluded (to be drawn within 14 days prior to registration) Patients with a history of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), systemic lupus erythematous, or renal failure as defined by a serum creatinine of > 2.0 mg/dl at baseline will be excluded (to be drawn within 29 days prior to registration) Patients on Revlimid (lenalidomide) Patients on investigational chemotherapy/agents


eligible ages (years): 21.0-45.0,  All  Depression Anxiety Disorders No more than 28 weeks pregnant at the time of study entry History of depression or anxiety Current symptoms of distress Score of 9 or greater on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) English-speaking  Plans to move away from the area prior to giving birth Current use of steroids for medical conditions


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Major Depressive Disorder Not currently participating in a drug or medical device clinical trial Male or female over the age of 18 DSM IV Diagnosis of major depression Positive family history of bipolar disorder or completed suicide  Not able to give informed consent Pregnant or breast-feeding Current additional psychiatric diagnoses including Panic Disorder, Post -Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or Psychosis History of mania or hypomania Active substance abuse or dependence in the last 6 months Current depressive episode less than 4 weeks or greater than 12 months in duration Current or prior adequate trial of lithium or paroxetine Current use of other medications such as antidepressants for the treatment of depression Clinically significant medical illness, in particular kidney problems


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Advanced Cancer Anorexia Weight Loss Insomnia Advanced cancer patients seen in outpatient clinics or inpatient units at MD Anderson Cancer Center, with presence of anorexia for at least one month, and accompanied by weight loss of > 5 % of pre-illness body weight in the last 6 months. Anorexia on the day of enrollment (day 0 +/-3) must be > 4/10 on ESAS Patients > 18 years of age Karnofsky Performance score of > 40 at time of into study Ability to provide informed consent and comply with study procedures Ability and willingness to return to engage in telephone follow-up by research nurse on days 2 (+/ days), 8 (+/ days), 16 ( +/ days), and 22 (+/ days) and return to outpatient clinic for evaluation on days 15 (+/ days), and 29 (+/  Patients who have known dementia or delirium at time of enrollment as determined by a physician Known hypersensitivity to any ingredient of Mirtazapine Inability to maintain oral intake over the course of the study, such as with mechanical obstruction of the alimentary tract or intractable vomiting Ongoing use of tube feeding or parenteral nutrition Current use of corticosteroids (with the exception of scheduled doses during time of chemotherapy), dronabinol, testosterone and progesterone derivatives such as megestrol acetate, or in the preceding 1 week prior to study enrollment Pregnancy or lactation or unwillingness to use contraceptives A score of 11 or more, in each subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) indicating clinical depression or anxiety. Those with HADS scores of > 11 at baseline indicating moderate or severe depression will be excluded from the study and will be referred for appropriate follow up by counselor and psychiatry evaluation Patients on chronic use of benzodiazepines are excluded


eligible ages (years): 18.0-50.0,  All  Circadian Dysregulation Females of childbearing potential who are sexually active must agree to use adequate contraception, and can neither be pregnant nor lactating from Screening throughout the duration of the study Willing to travel from Hawaii to the East Coast and have a minimum stay of 6 days at the destination in a sleep laboratory during the entire study Has lived in Hawaii for at least 12 months and has not been traveling outside of Hawaii for 4 consecutive days within 30 days prior to the Outpatient Screening Visit History of sleep disturbance associated with jet lag symptoms, with at least two occurrences in the last three years, as defined in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders Habitual bedtime should be determined by sleep history as between 9:00 PM and 12:00 AM as determined by sleep history prior to randomization Have regular bedtime (within 1 hour) for 1 week prior to travel The subject has a subjective sleep latency of less than 30 minutes and a subjective total sleep time of 6.5 hours but less than 9 hours, as determined by sleep history Mean subjective sleep latency of less than 30 minutes and a mean subjective total sleep time of greater than 6.5 hours but less than 9 hours in 3 of 5 nights after the outpatient screening visit, as determined by post-sleep questionnaire Willingness and ability to comply with study procedures, including travel time, sleep, and waking-hour activities, light-exposure restriction, and food intake Body mass index between 18 and 34, inclusive  Known hypersensitivity to ramelteon or related compounds, including melatonin, and melatonin related compounds History of primary sleep disorders as determined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition Revised within the past 6 months Current sleep disorder as assessed by presence of sleep apnea, period leg movement syndrome, insomnia, daytime napping of more than 20 minutes, chronic fatigue Ever had a history of seizures, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, periodic limb movement syndrome, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease History of psychiatric disorder (including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, mental retardation, or cognitive disorder, anxiety, or depression) within the past 12 months Current, clinically significant neurological (including cognitive), hepatic, renal, endocrine, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, hematological, or metabolic disease, as determined by the investigator History of alcohol abuse within the past 12 months, as defined in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition Revised, or regularly consumes more than 14 alcoholic drinks per week History of drug abuse within the past 12 months, as defined in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition Revised Positive urine drug screen or a positive urine drug screen or alcohol breathalyzer test Sleep schedule changes required by employment (eg, shift worker) within 3 months prior to the administration of single blind study medication


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Breast Cancer Fatigue Gastrointestinal Cancer Patient diagnosed with breast, gastrointestinal, lymphoma, myeloma or lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy or hormonal treatment Patient is > or = 18 years of age Patient has Brief Fatigue Inventory "fatigue worst" score of > or = 4 at baseline Patient has an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of < or = 2 at baseline Patient has a life expectancy > or = 6 months from the start of the study Patient is using acceptable birth control methods. Female participants (if of child bearing potential and sexually active) and male participants (if sexually active with a partner of child-bearing potential) must use medically acceptable methods of birth control. Medically acceptable methods of contraception abstinence, birth control pills, diaphragm with spermicide, condom with foam or spermicide, vaginal spermicidal suppository or surgical sterilization Patient must speak and understand English Patient has provided written informed consent to participate in the study prior to enrollment to the study  History of hypersensitivity reaction to methylphenidate History of or current seizure disorder, glaucoma, major psychiatric diagnosis, narcolepsy, Tourette's syndrome, tension or agitation History of clinically significant cardiac disease Uncontrolled hypertension: has not been on a stable treatment dose for the past month, or has a systolic pressure consistently (defined as 3 consecutive blood pressure readings within the last 30 days) greater than 150 mm Hg or diastolic pressure consistently greater than 85 mm Hg History of fibromyalgia Use of alcohol while participating in the study Current use of illicit drugs or history of alcohol or drug abuse and/or abuse potential (see protocol for criteria) Moderate to severe depression (> or = 20 on Beck Depression Index II) If taking antidepressants, no changes in dose and/or no start of new course of treatment in the last 30 days Currently taking psychostimulants (including appetite suppressants), monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, anticoagulant or anticonvulsant therapy


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Obsessive Compulsive Disorder primary OCD diagnosis according to DSM IV current symptoms were responsible for significant distress previous trial of at least 12 weeks with SSRI (being at least 8 weeks at maximum tolerated dosage) failed to produce full remission of OCD symptoms  presence of clinical or neurological diseases that may be worsen by the medications included in treatment protocol current substance dependence or abuse current psychotic symptoms current suicide risk and current pregnancy or intention to get pregnant before the end of the treatment protocol


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Atypical Depression age 18 to 65 years DSM-IV episode of Major Depression non-psychotic with atypical features ≥19 score on the 29-item HAM-D ability to give informed consent, if patients are of child-bearing potential A minimum 2-week washout from existing psychotropics (5 weeks for fluoxetine)  bipolar depression Any Axis I psychotic disorder currently suicidal or suicide risk history of substance abuse in the previous 12 months history of hypersensitivity to escitalopram, or citalopram serious or unstable medical disorders starting or terminating psychotherapy during the previous 12 weeks ECT treatment in the previous 3 months pregnancy or planning pregnancy


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Postpartum Depression Major Depressive Disorder adult female subjects age 18 and above if onset of depression within 4 weeks of delivery,or onset of depression antenatally either during pregnancy or before pregnancy must score greater than or equal to 12 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale speak English or Spanish have access to a telephone provide written and verbal consent  have current or lifetime psychosis an unstable medical condition hypertension narrow-angle glaucoma liver disease seizure disorders bulimia anorexia mania substance abuse disorders


eligible ages (years): 18.0-70.0,  All  Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Meets DSM-IV-TR for a principal current diagnosis of OCD which is confirmed by both clinical evaluation and by structured interviews. OCD subjects with other comorbidities will be included provided OCD is judged to be the chief complaint Subjects must continue to experience clinically significant symptoms of OCD (Y-BOCS score ≥19 and a rating of "moderate" or greater on the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale) despite at least two adequate SRI monotherapy trials. One unsatisfactory trial can the SRI currently being taken by the patient provided that the duration of treatment is 12 weeks or more and that the dose has been adequate. Subjects must be taking a clinically effective dose of a SRI (i.e., clomipramine, citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine and sertraline) for at least 12 weeks. Subjects must be on their current dose for at least 12 weeks and must maintain their current dose throughout the study Between the ages of 18-70 years of age Only subjects with OC symptoms of at least one-year duration will be included Eligible subjects must be in good physical health. Screening procedures will detailed medical history, complete physical and neurological exams, routine blood studies (CBC, liver function tests, electrolytes), ECG, urine toxicology screen, and serum pregnancy test in women of child-bearing potential  Primary depression, schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders Active bipolar disorder Non-responder in the past to atypical antipsychotic augmentation. This criterion was chosen to prevent recruiting a sample of chronically refractory OCD cases that would otherwise be suited for more extreme interventions such as deep brain stimulation Non-responder in the past to an adequate trial (> 20 hours) of cognitive-behavioral therapy that will be assessed by records review Current clinically significant suicidality or individuals who have engaged in suicidal behaviors within 6 months will be excluded and referred for appropriate clinical intervention Alcohol or other significant substance abuse within the last 6 months History of neurosurgery, encephalitis or significant head trauma or a significant medical condition such as heart, liver, or renal disease Nursing mothers or women of childbearing potential who do not use adequate contraception will be excluded Subjects at an increased risk for seizures will also be excluded from this study (e.g., subjects with a history of seizures [other than childhood febrile seizures], subjects taking concomitant medications known to lower the seizure threshold) Estimated IQ < 80, mental retardation, dementia, brain damage, or other cognitive impairment that would interfere with the capacity to participate in the study and complete measures. If needed, the WASI will be used to assess this at screening


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Depression Anxiety Female Student in grades 6 through 8 Student in participating school  Male


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Major Depressive Disorder All subjects will meet DSM-IV for depression on the basis of a SCID-P interview, with subjects having a score on the 17-item Ham-D > 17 (with item #1 > 2) Subjects will meet both at recruitment and after a one-week single blind placebo wash-in. Study includes outpatients only  All subjects will have no serious medical illness. The investigators will patients also meeting for the following groups of axis I diagnoses delirium or dementia substance-related disorders schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders, or eating disorders In addition, patients meeting for cluster A or B axis II diagnoses will be excluded Subjects with a history of current or past active suicidal ideation, or suicide attempts will be excluded from the study


eligible ages (years): 18.0-75.0,  All  Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Depression Meets for Major Depressive Disorder Between 18 and 75 years of age and adequately fluent in English Meets for an insomnia disorder  Women who are currently pregnant, breast-feeding, or not using a reliable birth control method People for whom the antidepressant medication(s) provided in the study is not indicated People who have had minimum adequate trials of (or have not been able to tolerate) all three study medications People with uncontrolled medical conditions People with moderate or severe sleep disorders other than insomnia Individuals on a fixed night shift or rotating work schedule that requires a night shift Patients with a current principal diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder that necessitates treatment that is not offered in the study


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Schizophrenia Key The patient has a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the DSM-IV-TR and the patient has been clinically stable in a nonacute phase of their illness Documentation that the patient has received treatment with olanzapine, oral risperidone, or paliperidone for schizophrenia for at least 6 weeks prior to the screening visit and has been on a stable dose of that antipsychotic medication for at least 4 weeks prior to the screening visit The patient is in good health (except for the diagnosis of schizophrenia) as judged by the investigator Women of childbearing potential (not surgically sterile or 2 years postmenopausal) must use a medically accepted method of contraception and must agree to continue use of this method for the duration of the study and for 30 days after participation in the study. Acceptable methods of contraception barrier method with spermicide, intrauterine device (IUD), steroidal contraceptive (oral, transdermal, implanted, and injected) in conjunction with a barrier method, or documented abstinence The patient has a PANSS negative symptom score of 15 or more at the screening and baseline visits Key  The patient has a severity rating of moderate or worse on any item of the PANSS positive symptom subscale The patient has any Axis I disorder according to DSM-IV-TR including schizoaffective disorder, apart from schizophrenia and nicotine dependence, or any Axis II disorder that would interfere with the conduct of the study The patient has moderate to severe depressive symptoms, as indicated by the CDSS The patient has current active suicidal ideation, is at imminent risk of self-harm, or has a history of significant suicidal ideation or suicide attempt at any time in the past that causes concern at present The patient has tardive dyskinesia, akathisia, moderate or worse level of extrapyramidal symptoms, or any other clinically significant movement disorder The patient has a history of any cutaneous drug reaction or drug hypersensitivity reaction, a history of any clinically significant hypersensitivity reaction, or has a history of multiple clinically relevant allergies The patient is a pregnant or lactating woman The patient has previously received modafinil or armodafinil, or the patient has a known sensitivity to any ingredients in the study drug tablets


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Arthritis, Rheumatoid The patient has a diagnosis of RA based upon the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1987 Revised Criteria The patient has active disease at both Screening and Baseline, as defined by both: ≥6 joints tender or painful on motion; and ≥6 joints swollen; and fulfills 1 of the following 2 at Screening: 1.ESR (Westergren method) >28 mm in the local laboratory. 2. CRP >7 mg/L in the central laboratory Patient had an inadequate response to at least one DMARD (traditional or biologic) due to lack of efficacy or toxicity No evidence of active or latent or inadequately treated infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Patient has washed out of all DMARDs other that antimalarials  Blood dyscrasias including confirmed: 1. Hemoglobin <9 g/dL or Hematocrit <30%; 2. White blood cell count <3.0 x 109/L; 3. Absolute neutrophil count <1.2 x 109/L; 4. Platelet count <100 x 109/L History of any other autoimmune rheumatic disease other than Sjogren's syndrome No malignancy or history of malignancy History of infection requiring hospitalization, parenteral antimicrobial therapy, or as otherwise judged clinically significant by the investigator, within the 6 months prior to the first dose of study drug


eligible ages (years): 13.0-18.0,  All  Major Depressive Disorder for Major Depressive Disorder Participants Participants must meet DSM-IV-TR for Major Depressive Disorder, with current mood state depressed for ≥ 2 weeks Participants must be females Participants must be between the age of 13 and 18 years Participants must have had an adequate trial of fluoxetine, defined as a trial of ≥ 8 weeks of treatment, with a dose of ≥ 40mg daily for ≥ 4 weeks. If the participant had a trial of 40mg daily and was unable to tolerate it, a dose of 20mg for ≥ 8 weeks is acceptable; OR Participants must have had an adequate trial of escitalopram, defined as a trial of ≥ 8 weeks of treatment, with a dose of ≥ 20 mg daily for ≥ 4 weeks. If the participant had a trial of 20 mg daily and was unable to tolerate it, a dose of 10 mg for ≥ 8 weeks is acceptable Participants must have a CDRS-R score of ≥ 40 and a CGI-S score of ≥ 4 Participants must be able to give informed consent or assent, and where applicable, parent(s)/guardian(s) must be able to give informed permission for study participation for Healthy Control Participants Participants must be females  for Treatment-Resistant Major Depressive Disorder Participants Unstable co-morbid medical, neurological or psychiatric disorder Pre-existing renal disease Proteinuria or microalbuminuria Pregnant females, nursing mothers, or females of childbearing potential who are unable or unwilling to practice birth control during the study. Participants who are of child-bearing potential must have a negative urine pregnancy test before each MRI/MRS brain scan High risk for suicidal behavior, homicidal behavior or self-harm Adolescents who are unlikely to be able to comply with the study protocol DSM-IV-TR for current substance abuse or substance dependence, with the exception of nicotine abuse or dependence Contraindication to MRI/MRS brain scans, such as ferromagnetic implants or claustrophobic anxiety Documented or suspected history of intellectual disability (Full-Scale I.Q. < 70)


eligible ages (years): 20.0-50.0,  All  SSRI-Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Male or female, 18 years of age or over Patients were diagnosed as having obsessive-compulsive disorder by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Patient version (SCID-P) They received standardized treatment for at least 1 year at the OCD clinic in our university hospital Each subject gave written informed consent to take part after receiving a complete description of this study All subjects were free of medical illness based on results of physical examination and screening tests of blood and urine, and no subjects received any lipid lowering or hypoglycemic agent during the 1-year study period  Current clinically significant medical conditions such as diabetes


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Epilepsy Depression Healthy For Control Group Healthy adults of 18 years of age or older  Subject has no history of affective disorders Subject scores higher than 5 on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale Subject with prior primary diagnosis of any psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, or any other serious medical or neurological disorder Subject is pregnant Subject is unable to undergo a MRI Epilepsy Only Group Subject is at least 18 years of age Subject has confirmed temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) Subject has a history of depression Subject scores higher then 5 on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale


eligible ages (years): 18.0-70.0,  All  Atypical Depression Main Mild to moderate depression (ICD-10 F32.0, F32.1) with atypical features according to DSM-IV, lasting at least 3 months Female and male Caucasians aged 18 to 70 years At least one of HAMD-28 scale items 22-26 scores >1


eligible ages (years): 18.0-30.0,  All  Obesity Diabetes Normal weight Healthy Normal sleep times  Sleep disorders Overweight Diabetes Other health conditions Excessive caffeine and alcohol intake Smoking


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Major Depressive Disorder Adults between ages 18 to 64 years who meet the for a depressive episode as measured by a score of ≥ 16 on first 17 items of HAM-D (Urdu version Patients with low normal B12 levels in serum (>191 but < 300 pg/ml) Those who will provide informed consent  Patients with concurrent unstable medical illness History of manic episodes or psychotic illness Psychotic symptoms within depressive episode


eligible ages (years): 14.0-19.0,  All  Community Adolescents at Risk for Depression and Suicide willing to participate group assignment and grant consents  unwilling to participate potential group activity and grant consents severe physical or psychiatric disorders


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Serotonin Syndrome Male or female patients with a diagnosis of PD Rasagiline treatment as mono or adjunct therapy for PD with concomitant antidepressant medication (SSRIs, SNRIs, St. John's wort and/or TCAs) at any time during the specified review period, OR Rasagiline treatment as mono or adjunct therapy for PD without concomitant antidepressant medication (SSRIs, SNRIs, St. John's wort and/or TCAs) at any time during the specified review period. OR Antidepressant therapy (SSRIs, SNRIs, St. John's wort and/or TCAs) and any other dopaminergic anti-PD treatment besides rasagiline or selegiline at any time during the specified review period Willing to consent to review of office chart and to review of records of ER visits and/or hospitalizations corresponding to the review window, if required Patients previously participating in a rasagiline clinical trial (and their follow-up protocols) are eligible, provided that they did not receive antidepressant therapy during trial participation In addition to the above each group has specific stated below Group R+AD: Enrollment in this group requires that patients must have taken rasagiline and an antidepressant (SSRIs, SNRIs, St. John's wort and/or TCAs, regardless of indication) within 14 days of each other (or five weeks, if fluoxetine preceded rasagiline) Group R: Enrollment in this group requires patients must have at least 2 months of rasagiline use Group AD: Patients must be taking an approved dopaminergic medication for PD. Enrollment in this group requires that patients must have at least 2 months of treatment with an antidepressant medication  Use of rasagiline for any indication other than PD Patients taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressant and/or selegiline Inability or unwillingness to request records of ER visits and/or hospitalizations corresponding to the review period


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Major Depressive Disorder Diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder Allowed comorbidities: Dysthymia, Anxiety Disorders years old or older Males + Females English-speaking Women of reproductive age must be on adequate birth control, either oral contraceptives or using condoms or other barrier methods with spermicidal agents Subjects may be undergoing psychotherapy, but must maintain current psychotherapy status. Must not start therapy if not already in therapy. If in therapy, must have received at least 6 sessions prior to entering the study Subjects may continue taking herbals or supplements during the study, but they may not start any new herbals or supplements during the study  or more failed trials of antidepressants (adequate dose and duration, and documented) Substance dependence in the past 6 months Current substance use or abuse (MJ, benzodiazepines, narcotics). If BZD use, patient must be tapered off and wait 1 month before being included in the trial Psychosis Bipolar Affective Disorder Type I, II or NOS Pregnancy (current or planned) Unstable medical illness (pt has to be stable for at least 3 months, and may be excluded per investigator discretion) Dementia Mental retardation Traumatic Brain Injury


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Advanced Cancer Male patients with any advanced cancer (metastatic or locally recurrent) who have a bioavailable testosterone (BT) of < 70 ng/dL Male patients who have fatigue present every day for the last two weeks and have an Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) fatigue score during the last 24 hours of >/= to 4 on a 0 to 10 scale (in which 0 = no fatigue and 10 = worst possible fatigue) Male patients who are willing to receive intramuscular injections every 2 weeks and are 18 years of age or older are eligible for this study Participants must be willing to have blood samples drawn at screening and/or baseline and every two weeks until the end of treatment Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) level must be lower than 4.0 ng/mL to be eligible for this study and Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) must be normal ECOG PS </= 3 and participants must be able to stand up with or without assistance and to ambulate Hemoglobin (Hgb) >/= 9 g/dL. If the patient has not had blood drawn for a hemoglobin level in the past 28 days, one will be done to determine eligibility. Patients with a hemoglobin < 9 g/dL will be referred for treatment of their anemia  Patients who are determined incapable of completing questionnaires due to cognitive or physical deficits are ineligible for this study Abnormal Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) at baseline or history of severe untreated benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) with International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS) >19 Patients with a history of prostate cancer, a history of breast cancer or adenocarcinoma of unknown origin A history of untreated obstructive sleep apnea Uncontrolled severe heart failure (NYHA Class III or IV), uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia or severe COPD requiring home oxygen Patients who have evidence of pre-existing hypopituitarism/hypogonadism including status post bilateral orchiectomy, for which replacement therapy is mandated, are ineligible for this study Patients exhibiting clinically diagnosed severe dehydration are ineligible Patients with a history of uncontrolled arrhythmia Patients who are currently receiving androgen therapy or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Diabetics with a history of frequent episodes of hypoglycemia or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) defined as a fasting glucose over 200 mg/dL or HbA1c above 8%


eligible ages (years): 18.0-40.0,  All  Self Concept Body Fat Composition Depression Perceived Social Support Healthy males aged 18-40 years Available twice a week for 10 weeks and willing to participate in moderate intensity exercise for 50 minutes at each session Not regularly physically active (i.e., engages in a structured exercise session once or less per week) Willing to participate in the internet-based CBT intervention once per week for 10 weeks  Current illness or history of clinical conditions that prevents participation in exercise Currently alcohol/drug abusing Major cognitive or psychiatric impairments Currently receiving medication for major psychiatric disorders, including depression


eligible ages (years): 25.0-999.0,  All  Breast Cancer over the age of 25 enrolled in one of the following protocols IRB # 08-005522: Evaluation of Molecular Breast Imaging in Patients with a High Likelihood of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ. 07-004241: Molecular Breast Imaging in the Preoperative Evaluation of Women with Biopsy Proven Breast Cancer. 1204-03: Evaluation of a Small Field of View Gamma Camera for Scintimammography in Patients with Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia, Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia, and Lobular Carcinoma In Situ. 07-003397: Comparison of MRI and Molecular Breast Imaging in Breast Diagnostic Evaluation. 17-05: Determination of the Sensitivity of a Dual-Headed Small Field of View Gamma Camera for the Detection of Small Breast Lesions Digital mammogram at the Mayo Clinic within the past 30 days  They are unable to understand and sign the consent form They are pregnant or lactating They are physically unable to sit upright and still for 40 minutes Recently enrolled on one of the ongoing tomosynthesis vs. mammography studies (rationale avoid performing duplicate tomosynthesis studies in the same patient)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Anemia years or older Diagnosis of low or intermediate-1 risk Myelodysplastic (MDS) with any chromosome karyotype except del 5q[31] Anemia that requires red blood cell transfusions Resistant to erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) or blood erythropoietin level > 500 mU/mL Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS) ≤ 2 Must agree to follow pregnancy precautions as required by the protocol Must agree to receive counseling related to teratogenic and other risks of lenalidomide Must agree not to donate blood or semen Must be willing to consent to two or more bone marrow aspirate procedures to be completed during study  Subjects previously receiving immunomodulating or immunosuppressive agents, or epigenetic or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) modulation agents Allergic reaction to thalidomide Renal insufficiency creatinine clearance (CrC1)<40 mL/min by Cockcroft-Gault method) Prior history of cancer, other than MDS, unless the subject has been free of the disease for ≥ 5 years. (Basal cell carcinoma of the skin, carcinoma in situ of the cervix, or stage Tumor (T) 1a or T1b prostate cancer is allowed) Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) < 500/uL Platelets < 50,000/uL Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 3X upper limit of normal Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism Significant neuropathy Prior stem cell transplantation


eligible ages (years): 8.0-11.0,  All  Sleep Obesity Age 8-11 years old BMI for age and gender > 5th percentile (but no greater than 100% overweight) Sleep approximately 9-10 hours nightly Attend elementary school Like at least 1 food and 1 activity used in the reinforcement paradigm Able to understand and complete the reinforcement paradigm  Existence of a diagnosable sleep disorder Medical or psychiatric condition that could influence sleep or weight Onset of menarche Inability to complete study materials, including diagnosed disabilities Dietary restrictions/allergies to foods used in the study that preclude them from study participation


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Depression and over with chronic pain and score of 27 or higher on CES-D scale  or younger, no chronic pain cognitively unable to participate in programming


eligible ages (years): 65.0-999.0,  All  Acute Myeloid Leukemia Diagnosis of one of the following Newly diagnosed de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) AML secondary to myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) AML secondary to exposure to leukemogenic therapy or agents with primary malignancy in remission for at least 2 years Bone marrow blasts >30% Age ≥ 65 years Easter Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-2  Previous cytotoxic or biologic treatment for AML (except hydroxyurea) Previous treatment with azacitidine, decitabine or cytarabine Prior use of targeted therapy agents (e.g., FLT3 inhibitors, other kinase inhibitors) AML French American British subtype (FAB M3) AML associated with inv(16), t(8;21), t(16;16), t(15:17), or t(9;22) karyotypes Prior bone marrow or stem cell transplantation Candidate for allogeneic bone marrow or stem cell transplant Diagnosis of malignant disease within the previous 12 months (excluding base cell carcinoma, "in-situ" carcinoma of the cervix or breast or other local malignancy excised or irradiated with a high probability of cure) Malignant hepatic tumors Uncontrolled systemic infection


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Depressive Disorder Cancer   Cancers diagnosed within 12 months of initiation (i.e., new use) of antidepressant pharmacotherapy will be excluded to account for a minimum period for the development of cancer (cancer latency) and to be consistent with other studies of antidepressants and cancer Patients with a history of any cancer (cancer diagnosis recorded in the tumor registries anytime before the first antidepressant prescription recorded during the study period) Any antidepressant use within 6 months of January 1, 1996


eligible ages (years): 18.0-80.0,  All  Gastroesophageal Disease Male/Female or more episodes of heartburn a week for last 3 months  Previous upper GI surgery Underlying co-morbidity Narcotic medications Psychotropic's and Benzodiazapines medications Hx of psychological abnormalities Hx of ETOH in previous 6 mos Diabetes Mellitus Neuropathy Seizures Sleep Apnea


eligible ages (years): 16.0-25.0,  All  Depression A score of 19 or more on the Beck Depression Inventory Currently enrolled at the University of Santo Tomas Able to read, understand, and complete forms


eligible ages (years): 12.0-18.0,  All  Depression Overweight Adolescents must: 1) be between the ages of 12 and 18 years (18 year olds must still be in high school and living at home); 2) be at or above the 85th percentile with reference to age and gender-specific Body Mass Index (BMI); 3) have at least one parent available to participate in the treatment protocol; 4) speak English; 5) agree to study participation and random assignment; and 6) be available for follow-up. In order to meet the depressed mood criterion, adolescents must have a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder (single or recurrent), based on the KSADS-PL with a CGI-Severity ≥ 3 for depression and CDRS ≥ 36. Participants must be healthy, as established by their primary care physician, in order to participate in the exercise program -  Adolescents will be excluded if: 1) they are currently receiving psychotherapy or participating in another weight loss program (only can have been in a weight loss program in the past); 2) they have a medical condition that would interfere with the prescribed dietary plan or participation in physical activity; 3) they are developmentally delayed such that the intervention materials will not be appropriate; 4) they are actively suicidal at intake; 5) they have not been on a stable dose of a psychostimulant for 6 months to ensure that a recently prescribed psychostimulant is not contributing to weight loss; 6) teens on an SSRI will not be allowed to participate due to potential effects of medication on weight loss; 7) they have a substance abuse or dependence diagnosis; or 8) they have failed a medication or psychotherapy trial for depression in the past


eligible ages (years): 18.0-64.0,  All  Depressive Disorder, Major Patients who meet the following will be included in the study aged 18 to 64 years diagnosis of major depressive disorder during the study timeframe (ICD 9 codes 296.2, 296.3, 311) evidence of at least 6 consecutive claims for traditional antidepressant therapy with a 30 day supply or at least 2 claims with a 90 day supply (consecutive defined as ≤15 days gap) must be continually enrolled during the study timeframe and have both medical and pharmacy benefits evidence of at least 4 consecutive claims for an atypical antipsychotic prescription with a 30 day supply or 2 claims with a 90 day supply (consecutive defined as ≤15 days gap) evidence of antidepressant therapy for at least 60 consecutive days prior to the initiation of atypical antipsychotic After at least a 60 day trial of traditional antidepressant medications, patient augments with an atypical antipsychotic medication for at least 4 months  Patients are excluded if they have any claims for a diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective or bipolar disorder during the study period have Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) during the study period new augmentation with mood stabilizers, L-thyroxine (T4), L-Thyronine (T3), buspirone, stimulant, or others during the post-period (table 1) are pregnant during the study period patients with Medicare or Medicaid


eligible ages (years): 18.0-90.0,  All  Major Depression A primary psychiatric diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder as defined by: a score of 18 or above in the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale; Male or female ages 18+ Ability to give consent Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Patients may be either English or Spanish speaking  Lifetime history of psychosis or bipolar disorder Patients meeting diagnostic statistic manual for mental disorder for alcohol or substance use disorders who require acute detoxification Current suicide risk Advanced cancer or other condition that limits remaining life expectancy to less than 6 months Patients who are receiving effective medication for Depression


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Depression h and 8th grade students at 4 participating middle schools Score 14 or above on the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire at screening (approximately top 25%) No imminent plans to move or change to non-participating school At minimum 6th grade language skills Agree to participate in random assignment and research interviews One Parent/caregiver willing to complete research interviews  Student with past or current Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or Probable MDD Students with parents who do not speak English or Spanish Students in concurrent treatment Students in self-contained classroom, or with cognitive delays, or emotional behavioral problems that would preclude them from benefiting from the group or being a good group member Parent not willing to complete research interviews


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Insomnia Depression Clinical level of Insomnia (more than 10 on ISI) Meets for Insomnia according to DSM-IV-TR Enough language skills Only Trial 2: Meets for Major Depressive Disorder according to DSM-IV-TR  Sleep disorders requiring other treatment High consumption of alcohol/drugs that affect sleep Started to use or changed the dose of antidepressant drug during the last 2 months Somatic or psychiatric conditions requiring acute care Working night shifts Only Trial 1: Meets for Major Depressive Disorder according to DSM-IV-TR


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Depressive Disorder, Major ≥1 fill for an augmentation therapy medication from Table 1 during the identification period of 01 January 2005 November 2008 months of continuous enrollment with medical and pharmacy benefits each before the index date (pre-index period) and after the index date (post-index period) ≥1 medical claim with a primary International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnosis for MDD (296.2x, 296.3x, 311.xx) during the pre-index period Age ≥18 years as of the year of the pre-index period  No pharmacy claims for atypical antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, or stimulants, during the pre-index period No medical claims with primary or secondary diagnoses for non-MDD episodic mood disorders or schizophrenia during the pre-index or post-index periods


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Sleep Deprivation All subjects will be sedentary. Sedentary will be defined as those with an occupational calorie expenditure that is not estimated at greater than 50% above basal (desk job or light activity at work: on feet 30-50% of the work day) and whose exercise activity is defined as sedentary according to a self-reported activity questionnaire, and confirmed by actigraphy measurements. Sedentary lifestyle will be defined as fewer than four 20 min episodes of moderate or vigorous intensity activity in the previous four weeks  We will subjects who have any medical or psychiatric disorders, including history of anxiety or depression, and those taking any medications Those found to have depression on a depression screening tool (BDI-II) will be excluded Current smokers will be excluded All female subjects will undergoing a screening pregnancy test and excluded if positive Subjects found to have significant sleep disorders will be excluded. - Subjects found to have occult coronary artery disease by exercise treadmill testing will be excluded


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Major Depressive Disorder DSM-IV for major depressive disorder Age being age 18-65 Capacity and willingness to give written informed consent  Any major medical illnesses A recent or past history of any Axis-I diagnoses besides major depressive disorder, including psychotic disorders; cognitively impaired mental disorders; impulse control disorders; substance use disorder or substance abuse (last 6 months prior to the studies); primary anxiety disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder and panic disorder; and bipolar disorders; or Axis-II diagnoses, i.e. borderline and antisocial personality disorder


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Advanced Cancers Solid Tumors All patients with a histological diagnosis of cancer Rate fatigue on a numerical scale during the previous 24 hours as >/= 4 on a 0 to 10 scale (0 = no fatigue and 10 = worst possible fatigue) Describe fatigue as being present every day for most of the day for a minimum of 2 weeks Memorial delirium assessment scale </= 13 Are 18 years or older Hemoglobin level of >/=8 g/dL within 2 weeks of enrollment. If the patient has not had blood drawn for a hemoglobin level in the previous two weeks, one will be performed to determine eligibility. Patients with a hemoglobin level <9g/dL will be evaluated for treatment of anemia Able to understand and sign the informed consent No concurrent use of chronic systemic steroids (defined as currently on more than 1 week of treatment) Controlled pain and depression symptoms, if present ( defined as no change in the Morphine equivalent dose of 30% or change in the dose of antidepressant medication in the past 2 weeks) Patients should have a Zubrod </= 2  Major contraindication to ginseng: allergy/hypersensitivity to Panax species or their constituents (history of arrhythmias, agitation, or motor tics, or severe angina pectoris) Currently taking ginseng, methylphenidate or modafinil or have taken it within the previous 10 days Inability to complete the baseline assessment forms or to understand the recommendations for participation in the study Currently with a diagnosis of major depression, manic depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or schizophrenia) Symptomatic tachycardia and uncontrolled hypertension (determined to be clinically significant by the PI) Currently receiving phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin, primidone, phenylbutazone, MAOIs, clonidine and tricyclic antidepressant drugs Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus as defined by a random blood sugar of >200mg/dl not being monitored by their primary care physician No concurrent full dose anticoagulant therapy. </= 1 mg/day of coumadin for preventing catheter clots allowed History of hepatitis A, B and C Women who are nursing


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Depression Participants must have a score ≥ 10 on the self-report Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), indicative of clinically significant, moderate depression Participants must identify their primary healthcare provider in one of the 8 performance sites, and give permission to contact him or her for the purpose of periodic progress reports as well as a referral contact in case any emergent crises are detected Participant must be 18 years of age have access to a computer with internet and a working email address Participants must also indicate they are planning to continue receiving services from one of the performance site clinics/organizations for at least the next 6 months


eligible ages (years): 21.0-65.0,  All  Major Depressive Disorder age 21-65 years including males, females and minorities diagnosis of DSM-IV major depression or Bipolar I or II with current episode of depression HDRS-17 > 20 and HDRS-24 > 24 negative pregnancy test for women of childbearing potential not breast feeding stable on current dose of psychotropic medication or free from all psychotropic medications for 4 weeks prior to EUH CIN admission (8 weeks for fluoxetine) no suicide attempt within six months of screening  evidence of untreated or poorly controlled endocrine, cardiovascular, pulmonary, hematological, renal, or neurological disease history of CNS trauma or active seizure disorder requiring medication unless otherwise approved by principle investigator autoimmune or inflammatory disorder of any kind chronic infection (e.g. hepatitis B or C or HIV) chronic use of agents known to affect the immune system including glucocorticoid therapy within the past 1 year, methotrexate within the past 1 year, chemotherapy of any kind (past or present), immunotherapy of any kind (past or present), aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (within the past 2 weeks) and statins (within the past 1 month) unless otherwise approved by principle investigator hemoglobinopathies (e.g. thalassemia) a positive pregnancy test organ transplants cancer of any type a score of <28 on the Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE)unless otherwise approved by principle investigator


eligible ages (years): 18.0-45.0,  All  Borderline Personality Disorder Major Depression age between 18 and 45 female noncontrols diagnosis: major depression &/or borderline personality disorder Control participants should have neither major depression or borderline pers meet Structured Controlled Interview for DSM II cut off scores meet Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)cut off scores meet Borderline Evaluation of Severity Over Time(BEST) cut off scores  based on having none of the below diagnoses from patient history, prior clinical records and based on MINI Plus International Neuropsychiatry Interview schizophrenia psychosis Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Obsessive Compulsive Disorder bipolar disorder mental retardation dementia CNS disease Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in non-borderline personality disorder groups


eligible ages (years): 20.0-999.0,  All  Depressive Disorder, Major Age over 20 years DSM-IV episode of MDD non-psychotic with atypical features characterized by mood reactivity and 2 or more symptoms of vegetative reversal (including overeating, oversleeping, severe fatigue or leaden paralysis, and a history of rejection sensitivity) More than 19 score on the 29-item HAM-D Ability to give informed consent  Bipolar depression Any Axis I psychotic disorder A history of suicide attempt, self-injurious action (excluding action with no intention of suicide) or overdosage (excluding apparently accidental overdosage) Patients with more than 3-point score of suicide (HAM-D-29 Item 18) or patients whose C-SSRS assessment suggests that they are or have been at significant risk for harming themselves or have actually harmed themselves, or who, in the opinion of the investigator (sub-investigator), are at significant risk for harming self or others A history of substance abuse in the previous 12 months A history of hypersensitivity to bupropion or any other components of the preparations used in the study (Wellbutrin SR 150mg and Wellbutrin XL 300 mg tablets) Serious or unstable medical disorders Starting or terminating psychotherapy during the previous 12 weeks ECT treatment in the previous 3 months Subject has a life time diagnosis of anorexia nervosa or bulimia within the past 12 month


eligible ages (years): 18.0-55.0,  All  Major Depressive Disorder Outpatients who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) for major depressive disorder Those who are in remission, which is defined as a MADRS score 8 on two consecutive visits at a 4-week interval Their primary psychiatric clinician determined that they would benefit from an adjuvant treatment of Korean red ginseng for residual symptoms  Those who have a history of substance abuse or dependence within 1 month Those who have clinically significant abnormal laboratory values or any other abnormal baseline laboratory findings considered by psychiatrists to be indicative of conditions that might affect the study results Those who have a past history of hypersensitivity or intolerance to Korean red ginseng Those who participated in clinical trials within 1 month before entering the study entry Those who are pregnant or are breast feeding Those who have a immediate risk of harming self or others or history of suicide attempts in the year before the screening precluded in the study The patients unable/unlikely to comprehend/follow the protocol


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Fatigue Traumatic Brain Injury mTBI GROUP Diagnosis of at least one mTBI during deployment At least six months from time of injury Age range 18 or older A self-report of somatic or behavioral symptoms that developed within 3 months following mTBI and were not present before injury, and may or may not be present at enrollment Easy fatiguability Sleep disturbance Headache or other chronic widespread pain that does not seem related to extremity injury Emotional lability Lack of spontaneity or apathy  mTBI GROUP Daily use of stimulants, narcotics, hypnotic or anxiolytics Diagnosis of sleep apnea, thyroid disorder, or rheumatoid arthritis Any history of head injury associated with a loss of consciousness that lasted longer than 24 hours (not including sedation) Daily use of more than 600mg caffeine (equivalent to approximately five cups of coffee) Headaches more than once a month prior to deployment Pregnancy Claustrophia Inability to comfortably lie supine for two hours companion group


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  MDD Management Strategies MDD Diagnosis Participants of the PismaEP study 18 yo. or older  No specific


eligible ages (years): 25.0-999.0,  All  Major Depressive Disorder Has body mass index (BMI) [weight in kilograms / (height in meters x height in meters)] between 18 and 30 kg/m2 For young healthy participants: female, 25 to 45 years of age; elderly healthy participants: female: ≥ 65 years of age & with baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) > 5 mg/mL; (partially) remitted MDD patients: female, 25 to 45 years of age specific for patients with MDD: -Patients with a history (within 24 months) of MDD must have a Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score < 15 and symptom remission (temporary absence of disease symptoms) relative to the acute episode must have been present for at least 3 months  Has a current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) axis I diagnosis (other than MDD) Has recently experienced a psychosocial stressor within 6 months Has acute symptoms of suicidality (the likelihood of an individual completing suicide) Has a DSM-IV diagnosis of substance abuse or dependence within 6 months prior to screening evaluation Has been exposed to an experimental medication or experimental medical device within 90 days before screening Has a serology (scientific study of blood serum and other bodily fluids) positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C antibodies or HIV antibodies at screening Has been exposed to typhoid or typhoid vaccine within 5 years before screening Has been prior exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) Has received electroconvulsive therapy (shock therapy) within 3 months before screening Has been involuntarily committed to psychiatric hospitalization


eligible ages (years): 18.0-50.0,  All  Perinatal Depression, Substance Use pregnant or has delivered in the past year reports the use of an illegal drug and/or consumption of 4 or more drinks on one occasion within the last 6 months; if postpartum, report the use of an illegal drug and/or consumption of 4 or more drinks on one occasion or 7 or more drinks in a week within the last 6 months; if pregnant, report the use of an illegal drug within the last 6 months and/or the consumption of 2 or more drinks in one month while pregnant, along with a history of consumption of 4 or more drinks on one occasion or 7 or more drinks in a week within 3 months pre-pregnancy meets DSM-IV of current Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) by Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV(SCID) interview has a 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) score > 16, indicating moderate to severe depression is between 18 and 50 years old; and is able to speak and read English sufficiently to be able to complete the study procedures  meets lifetime for bipolar disorder a primary psychotic disorder anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa has started an SUD or MDD medication dose within the 8 weeks prior to enrollment is imminently suicidal