eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Age > 18 years AIHA defined at time of diagnosis by a Hgb level £ 10 g/dL, with a reticulocytes count > 120 109/L, signs of hemolysis (at least a haptoglobin level < 4 mg/L), and a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) ( IgG or IgG + complement pattern) Disease duration equal or less than 6 weeks at time of --> removed by amendment n°4 and substituted by :First episode of AIHA to "hot" antibody previously untreated or treated corticosteroids for less than 6 weeks Patients with an associated autoimmune thrombocytopenia (Evans' syndrome) will be eligible for the study if the platelet count is over 30 x 109/L at inclusion Normal level gammaglobulins in the serum (i.e. >5g/L) at inclusion Absence of detectable lymph nodes on a total body CT-scan (to be performed before if not performed at diagnosis) Effective means of contraception during treatment and for six months after completion of treatment for all women of child bearing age Negative serum pregnancy test within 14 days prior to study entry Written informed consent  Previous treatment with rituximab AIHA diagnosed and treated more than 6 weeks prior to removed by amendment n°4 and substituted by AIHA relapsed or newly diagnosed but treated with corticosteroids for more than 6 weeks Ongoing immunosuppressive therapy (other than corticosteroids) or previous treatment administered within 2 weeks prior to the beginning of the study treatment Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) other than stage A chronic lymphoid leukemia Previous or concomitant malignancy other than basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, carcinoma-in-situ of the cervix, or other malignancy for which the patient had not been disease-free for at least 5 years Autoimmune disorder such as SLE with at least one extra-hematological manifestation requiring a treatment with steroids and/or immunosuppressive drugs Any other associated cause congenital or acquired hemolytic anemia (except thalassemia trait or heterozygous sickle cell anemia) Negative DAT or DAT positive with isolated anti-C3d pattern related to the presence of a monoclonal IgM with cold agglutinin properties Positive HIV test and/or hepatitis virus C infection and/or positive hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HbsAg) Neutrophils count < 1,000/mm 3 at inclusion


A 27-year-old woman at 11 weeks gestation in her second pregnancy is found to have a hemoglobin (Hb) of 9.0 g/dL, white blood cell count 6.3 x 109/L, platelet count 119 x 109/L, mean corpuscular volume 109 fL. Further investigations reveal mild iron deficiency. She already receives iron supplementation. The obstetrician repeats the complete blood cell count 2 weeks later. The Hb is 8.9 g/dL, WBC count 7.1 x 109/L, and platelets 108 x 109/L. She describes difficulty swallowing. A reticulocyte count is performed and found elevated at 180 x 109/L. The obstetrician requests a hematology consult. The following additional results were found: Negative DAT, normal clotting screen, elevated LDH (2000 IU/L), normal urea and electrolytes, normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT), anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, no fragments, no agglutination, polychromasia and presence of hemosiderin in the urine.

eligible ages (years): 20.0-45.0,  All  Pregnancy Iron Deficiency Iron Deficiency Anemia pregnant women with one of genetic thrombophilia markers as factor V Leiden, prothrombin 20210A mutation, antiphospholipid antibodies, hyperhomocysteinemia and deficiencies of antithrombin, protein C, or protein S pregnant women affected by HT and suffering of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) different trimester of pregnancy previous miscarriage/s previous preterm delivery/ies iron disorders as iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are defined by the number of red blood cells <4.000.000/mL, the hemoglobin concentration ≤ 11 g/dL, the total serum iron ≤ 30 mg/dL and serum ferritin ≤12 ng/mL  absence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia non-pregnant women uncomplicated pregnancies no informed consent other treatments of iron supplementation recent blood transfusion other concomitant diseases ascertained allergy to milk proteins or to iron products


eligible ages (years): 15.0-45.0,  All  Malaria Women aged 15-45 years resident in the predefined study area Pregnant, with gestational age <23 weeks  Failure to provide a blood sample Initial haemoglobin concentration <90 g/L Reported medical history suggestive of sickle cell anaemia, epilepsy, diabetes Obstetric history suggestive of eclampsia or pre-eclampsia Obvious mental retardation or metabolic disorder No written consent Carrying multiples Woman planning to leave the homestead or to be absent for prolonged periods in the course of the pregnancy or within a 1-month period thereafter Woman planning to deliver outside the research clinic


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Autoimmune Hemolytic Disease (Cold Type) (Warm Type) Newly diagnosed "warm" or "cold" AIHA, defined by symptomatic anemia and positive DAT, in the absence of underlying lymphoproliferative, infectious or neoplastic disease (according to the single Center diagnostic criteria) Idiopathic "warm" or "cold" AIHA relapsed after first line treatment with oral prednisone Aged >18 years ECOG performance status grade 0, 1 or 2 No psychiatric illness that precludes understanding concepts of the trial or signing informed consent Patients who have provided written informed consent prior to study participation, with the understanding that the consent may be withdrawn by the patient at any time without prejudice  Cell or humoral immunologic deficit (congenital or acquired) Any other co-existing medical or psychological condition that would preclude participation in the study or compromise ability to give informed consent Active bacterial, viral, or fungal infection requiring systemic therapy HIV or HbsAg positive (with HBV-DNA+) or HCV-Ab positive (with HCV-RNA+) patients History of malignancies within 3 years prior to study entry Concomitant immunosuppressive or cytotoxic treatment Positive pregnancy test. Lactation The presence of associated organ-specific autoimmune diseases do not constitute  Previous splenectomy does not constitute


eligible ages (years): 1.0-3.333,  All  Non-anemic Iron Deficiency Age between 18 and 36 months attending any well child visit Informed parental consent  Previously diagnosed: developmental disorder, genetic, chromosomal or syndromic condition, chronic medical condition, (with the exception of asthma and allergies), including chronic anemia, iron deficiency or recent oral iron supplementation or treatment Prematurity with a gestational age less than 35 weeks; low birth weight less than 2500 grams Attending the office for an acute illness, such as a viral illness, or other health concern other than well-child assessment Any contraindications to receiving elemental iron (i.e. NHP [natural health product], comparator or placebo) The use of any Natural Health Product containing the same medicinal ingredient(s) as the investigational product English not spoken to the child in the home or in a child care setting


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Sickle Cell Disease Sickle Cell Anemia Anemia, Sickle Cell All volunteer subjects must be at least 18 years of age and have provided informed, written consent for participation in this study. in the study is determined prior to enrollment on the basis of the following and   Laboratory values obtained within the preceding 60 days are sufficient for screening purposes for SCD Cohort Males or females 18 years of age or older Diagnosis of sickle cell disease (any form; electrophoretic or HPLC documentation is required) for SCD Cohort Chronic scheduled transfusions Current known pregnancy or lactation Hemoglobin < 5.0 g/dL; however, subjects may return for repeat evaluation at a later date Currently smoking and unable to refrain from smoking for 24 hours Subjects previously known to have conditions that may independently affect hemolytic rate


eligible ages (years): 15.0-35.0,  All  Iron Deficiency Singleton pregnancy Non-smoker No pre-existing medical complications (such as HIV-infection, eating disorders, hemoglobinopathies, malabsorption diseases, steroid use, substance abuse history, or taking medications known to influence iron homeostasis)  Complicated pregnancy (including gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, or preeclampsia) Individuals been previously treated for lead exposure, or those that have been identified as having elevated blood lead concentrations during childhood, will be excluded from the study


eligible ages (years): 0.75-2.0,  All  Iron Deficiency Iron Deficiency Anemia Between 9-24 months of age Weighed 5.5 lbs or more at birth Born at 34 week gestation or more  Consumed infant formula within the past 3 months Inflammatory bowel disease, cystic fibrosis, liver or kidney disease, cancer, HIV, primary immune deficiencies, anemia unrelated to iron status, chronic blood loss in stool, inherited disorders or iron status, or bleeding or coagulation disorders) Previous diagnosis of iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia Previous treatment of iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia


eligible ages (years): 0.5-49.0,  All  Malnutrition Gestational age ≤ 20 weeks Planning to remain in the study area during pregnancy and the following three years (i.e., a permanent resident of the study area)  Pregnancy identified and registered in the CHDP program before the beginning of the enrollment


eligible ages (years): 18.0-45.0,  All  Iron Deficiency Anemia Women 18-45 years old with iron deficiency anaemia haemoglobin level between 85 g/L and 105 g/L serum ferritin level < 15 µg/L D14 + 7 days of the menstruation cycle on the day of pharmacokinetic evaluation Standard diet  Anaemia related to other causes than iron deficiency and particularly inflammatory anaemia, anaemia due to marrow failure, haemopathy, haemoglobinopathies (sickle cell disease, thalassemia), haemolytic anaemia, anaemia due to acute haemorrhage, or anaemia related to chronic renal failure Haemochromatosis or iron overload of secondary origin (blood transfusion) Long term treatment known to modify iron absorption Gastro duodenal ulcer Inflammatory bowel disease or any digestive disease which could modify iron absorption Fructose intolerance, syndrome of malabsorption of glucose, galactose, deficit of sucrase-isomaltase Serious or progressive disease (cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, renal, haematological, malignancy, autoimmune disease, infectious disease or neuropsychiatric disorders) Surgery undergone within 1 month prior to selection visit or a surgery planned during the study realization


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Lung Hypoxia Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Iron Deficiency Willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the study Men and women aged 18 years or older and generally in good health Detectable tricuspid regurgitation on echocardiography during both normoxia and hypoxia enabling measurement of pulmonary arterial pressure For iron-deficient volunteers: ferritin ≤15microg/L and transferrin saturation <16% For iron-replete volunteers: ferritin ≥20microg/L and transferrin saturation ≥20%  Haemoglobin <8.0g/dl Haemoglobinopathy Iron overload defined as ferritin >300microg/L Hypoxia at rest or on walking (SaO2 <94%) or significant comorbidity that may affect haematinics, pulmonary vascular or ventilatory responses, e.g. current infection, a chronic inflammatory condition, known cardiovalvular lesion or pulmonary hypertension, uncontrolled asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Exposure to high altitude (>2,500m) within the previous six weeks or air travel >4 hours within the previous week Iron supplementation or blood transfusion within the previous 6 weeks Pregnancy or breast feeding


eligible ages (years): 9.0-25.0,  All  Autoimmune Diseases in Subjects Receiving Cervarix® Note: Other vaccines are allowed in this study regardless of the time of administration and the time interval between subsequent doses for the exposed female cohort Female aged from 9 to 25 years at the reference date (01 September 2008 through 31 August 2010) Recorded in the CPRD GOLD for at least 12 months before the reference date The first dose of Cervarix received between 01 September 2008 through 31 August 2010, Full date (day/month/year) of Cervarix vaccination(s) available Subject defined as acceptable in CPRD GOLD for the unexposed historical female cohort Female aged 9 to 25 years at the reference date (01 September 2005 through 31 August 2007) Recorded in the CPRD GOLD for at least 12 months before the reference date Subject defined as acceptable in CPRD GOLD  for all cohorts Subjects with a diagnostic code of any auto-immune disease during the year prior to the reference date Subjects who received at least one dose of unspecified HPV vaccine or Gardasil at any time before the reference date Subjects who have been included in the other cohort for the non-exposed cohorts • Subjects who received any dose of Cervarix at any time before the reference date


eligible ages (years): 13.0-80.0,  All  Ulcerative Colitis Crohn's Disease Patients with proven iron deficiency anaemia on World Health Organisation (WHO)criteria Patients aged 13 will be considered adolescents, and aged >18 as adults  Anaemia caused by B12 or folate deficiency, or secondary to drugs used to treat IBD; haemoglobinopathies or myelodysplasia; severe cardiopulmonary, hepatic or renal disease; severe cardiopulmonary, hepatic or renal disease; pregnancy and breast feeding females


eligible ages (years): 18.0-49.0,  All  Iron Deficiency Anemia 49 years Regular menstruation in the last three months Hemoglobin <12 mg/dl Serum Ferittin<20mcg/L BMI 18.5Kg/m^2 to 29.9 kg/m^2  history of gastrointestinal or hematological disorders taking medications that could interfere with hematopoiesis or dietary iron absorption pregnant (based on pregnancy test)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-75.0,  All  Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis The patient has been correctly informed The patient must have given his/her informed and signed consent The patient must be insured or beneficiary of a health insurance plan The patient is at least 18 years old and less than 75 years old Probable, or laboratory-supported probable or definite ALS as defined by El Escorial Revised ALS diagnostic (according to Airlie House Conference 1988) Stable on riluzole treatment for more than 3 months with liver function test results < 2ULN Disease duration ≤ 5 years Vital capacity ≥ 70% of normal Ability to swallow without the requirement for nasogastric or PEG feeding Agreement for patient to use an adequate method of contraception throughout the study and for 2 weeks after post study visit  The patient is participating in another interventional study Within the past three months, the patient has participated in another interventional The patient is in an period determined by a previous study The patient is under judicial protection The patient is an adult under guardianship The patient refuses to sign the consent It is impossible to correctly inform the patient Other life threatening disease Presence of contra-indicated concomitant treatments or with potential neuroprotective benefit (see section 11.2 of the protocol) Presence of tracheostomy or non-invasive ventilation


eligible ages (years): 20.0-35.0,  All  Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy Maternal age 20-35 years old Singleton pregnancy between 16 weeks Iron deficiency anemia with average hemoglobin ranging from 7-9 g % at the onset of the study  Extremes of reproductive age (less than 20 years old or more than 35 years old) Patients with multiple pregnancies Anemia not linked to iron deficiency Allergy to iron derivatives Any medical disorder like diabetes or tuberculosis (TB), viral hepatitis cirrhosis, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, autoimmune disease, suspected acute infection, cancer Those who had received parenteral iron treatment earlier within 3 months before the start of the study Any obstetric complicating factors like pregnancy induced hypertension Patients with history of chronic blood loss


eligible ages (years): 16.0-999.0,  All  Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Patients diagnosed with primary warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Secondary Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (infections, hemopathy, systemic diseases) Naive to any treatment for hemolytic anemia or in relapse Older than 16 years of age Able to understand written and spoken French who have provided written informed consent • for Persons without an auto-immune disease, or cancer or an active infection Older than 16 years of age Able to understand written and spoken French  Cold agglutinin disease Pregnant women Persons not covered by national health insurance Non-Inclusion controls Persons treated with corticoids or immunosuppressants Pregnant women Persons not covered by national health insurance


eligible ages (years): 18.0-45.0,  All  Iron Deficiency Anemia Iron Deficiency Anemia Female, 18 to 45 years old Serum ferritin levels <20 µg/L Normal body Mass Index (18.5-25 kg/m2) Body weight <65 kg Signed informed consent  Anaemia (Hb < 11.7 g/dL) Elevated c-reactive protein or alpha1-glycoprotein concentrations >5.0 mg/L, >1.0 g/L, respectively Any metabolic, gastrointestinal kidney or chronic disease such as diabetes, renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, hepatitis, hypertension, cancer or cardiovascular diseases (according to the participants own statement) Continuous/long-term use of medication during the whole studies (except for contraceptives) Consumption of mineral and vitamin supplements within 2 weeks prior to 1st supplement administration Blood transfusion, blood donation or significant blood loss (accident, surgery) over the past 4 months Earlier participation in a study using stable iron isotopes Known hypersensitivity or allergy to iron supplements Women who are pregnant or breast feeding Intention to become pregnant during the course of the studies


eligible ages (years): 18.0-45.0,  All  Iron Deficiency Anemia Iron Deficiency Anemia Female, 18 to 45 years old Serum Ferritin levels <20 µg/L Normal body Mass Index (18.5-25 kg/m2) Body weight <65 kg Signed informed consent  Anaemia (Hb < 11.7 g/dL) Elevated c-reactive protein or alpha1 glycoprotein concentrations >5.0 mg/L, >1.0 g/L, respectively Any metabolic, gastrointestinal kidney or chronic disease such as diabetes, renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, hepatitis, hypertension, cancer or cardiovascular diseases (according to the participants own statement) Continuous/long-term use of medication during the whole studies (except for contraceptives) Consumption of mineral and vitamin supplements within 2 weeks prior to 1st supplement administration Blood transfusion, blood donation or significant blood loss (accident, surgery) over the past 4 months Earlier participation in a study using stable iron isotopes Known hypersensitivity or allergy to iron supplements Women who are pregnant or breast feeding Intention to become pregnant during the course of the studies


eligible ages (years): 18.0-45.0,  All  Anemia mildly anemic (on the basis of screening) volunteer males and non-pregnant and non-lactating females, giving written informed consent normolipidemic, normotensive no history of: i. diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, asthma, cancer, respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal, hepatic, urogenital, musculoskeletal, endocrine, psychiatric, sexually-transmitted disease, during the last 5 years ii. severe acute or chronic blood loss during last 6 months. iii. bleeding or clotting abnormality during last 1 year. iv. regular cigarette smoking, tobacco chewing v. consumption of vitamin E, vitamin B12, folate, iron or antioxidant during the last 6 months prior to enrollment  pregnant and lactating females cigarette smoking, tobacco chewing, alcohol consumers blood transfusions during the last 1 year history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia , obesity asthma, cancer, respiratory, renal, nervous, gastrointestinal, hepatic, urogenital, musculoskeletal, endocrine, psychiatric, cardiovascular disorder/disease during the last five years severe acute blood loss during last 6 months bleeding or clotting abnormalities during the last 1 year consumed vitamin E, B12, folate, iron or antioxidants supplements during the last 6 months


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Iron Deficiency Iron Deficiency Anemia uncomplicated singleton pregnancy, first enrollment visit ≤ 20 weeks gestation -  < 18 years of age did not live in the county did not anticipate delivery at participating hospital were not mentally competent had a chronic health problem or hemoglobin < 100 g/L at the initial visit were taking iron at the time


eligible ages (years): 18.0-50.0,  All  Pregnancy Morning Sickness Nausea Vomiting Hyperemesis Gravidarum Any woman who discontinued her standard vitamins due to gastrointestinal symptoms or due to the tablet size, with one ofthe following conditions Morning sickness Gastrointestinal disorders: Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, peptic or duodenal ulcer, irritable colon, celiac disease Iron deficiency anemia Hypothyroidism Depression  Women who do not agree to consent to this protocol Women with a known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of Pregvit®, or Orifer® F


eligible ages (years): 18.0-50.0,  All  Iron-deficiency Anemia Pregnant women of any age in their first trimester of pregnancy with anemia defined as a Hemoglobin less than 11 and/or a hematocrit less than 33 Willingness and ability to cook in provided cast iron pot at least 3x/week Singleton gestations  Any secondary cause of anemia including inherited and acquired hemolytic anemias (sickle cell disease, thalessemia, malaria, etc) Inability or unwillingness to try to use cast iron pot approximately 3x/week Women with severe chronic illness and high likelihood of preterm birth and/or expected long-term hospitalizations during pregnancy. Multifetal gestations


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Pregnancy Singleton pregnancy Iron deficiency anemia Intolerance or low compliance for oral iron  Known allergy for iron supplements Anemia not due to iron deficiency Acute infection Liver failure or viral hepatitis Thalassemia or hemoglobinopathies Asthma Multiple pregnancy


eligible ages (years): 2.0-17.0,  All  Sickle Cell Anemia Pediatric participants with a severe form of sickle cell anemia (HbSS, HbSβ0 thalassemia, HbSD, HbSOArab) Age: ≥ 2 and ≤ 17 years of age, at the time of enrollment Time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV) TCD Velocity in the conditional (170 cm/sec) or abnormal (≥200 cm/sec) range by Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography examination within 6 months of enrollment, abnormal or conditional TCD velocity and currently on commercial hydroxyurea for primary stroke prevention, or previously enrolled in SCATE, a previous stroke with abnormal or conditional TCD prior to stroke event Parent or guardian willing and able to provide informed consent and child gives assent Ability to comply with study related treatments, evaluations, and follow up visits  Inability to take or tolerate daily oral hydroxyurea, including Known allergy to hydroxyurea therapy Known positive serology to HIV infection Known malignancy Current lactation Abnormal historical laboratory values (most recent pre-enrollment values unless previously enrolled in SCATE) Hemoglobin concentration < 6.0 gm/dL Absolute reticulocyte count < 100 x 109/L with a hemoglobin concentration < 8.0 gm/dL White Blood Cell (WBC) count < 3.0 x 109/L Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) < 1.0 x 109/L


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Subject must have had a diagnosis of primary or secondary warm antibody AIHA Must have previously received at least 1 prior treatment regimen for AIHA and have evidence of relapse  Subject with cold antibody AIHA, cold agglutinin syndrome, mixed type AIHA, or paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria Subject with a platelet count of < 100,000/μL Subject has AIHA secondary to autoimmune disease, including systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE), or lymphoid malignancy and the underlying disease is not stable or is not well-controlled on current therapy Subject has uncontrolled or poorly controlled hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Anemia, Iron-Deficiency Hemoglobin (Hb) < 120 g/L in men and Hb < 110 g/L in women; Mean Corpuscular Volume(MCV) < 80 fl, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin(MCH) < 27 pg, and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration(MCHC) < 0.32; the blood biochemical examination: serum ferritin < 12 g/L, serum iron < 8.95 mol/L, transferrin saturation <15%, and total iron binding capacity>64.44 mol/L; with a history of Menorrhagia, monophagia or eating disorders; Willing to sign a Informed consent form  Pregnant women; drug allergy; the patients with serious gastrorrhagia, other peptic ulcers, active bleeding, hepatic insufficiency, heart disease or renal insufficiency; those patients can't tolerate the medicine orally, or participate in other clinical study, or refuse to sign a Informed consent Form


Karen is a 72-year-old woman with hypertension and type 2 diabetes, who was hospitalized for cryptogenic stroke two weeks ago. At the time, computed tomography was negative for brain hemorrhage and she was given thrombolytic therapy with resolution of her symptoms. Transesophageal echocardiogram and magnetic resonance angiogram of brain and great vessels found no evidence of abnormalities. She presents currently with a blood pressure of 120/70 mm Hg, normal glucose, and normal sinus rhythm on a 12-lead electrocardiogram. She reports history of occasional palpitations, shortness of breath and chest pain lasting for a few minutes and then stopping on their own.

eligible ages (years): 60.0-999.0,  All  Cardiovascular Diseases Heart Diseases Hypertension Vascular Diseases Men and women, aged 60 or over. Isolated systolic hypertension. Normal diastolic pressure of less than 90 mm Hg


eligible ages (years): 65.0-999.0,  All  Arrhythmia Atrial Fibrillation Cardiovascular Diseases Heart Diseases Elderly men and women with atrial fibrillation and other risk factors for stroke


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Carotid Atherosclerosis Cerebrovascular Accident Diabetes Mellitus Hypercholesterolemia Hypertension Male or female greater than 18 years of age Patient must have documented hypertension (diastolic BP greater than 90 mmHg or systolic BP greater than 140 mmHg) for greater than 1 year OR hypercholesterolemia (LDL greater than 160 or total Chol greater than 240 with a total cholesterol/HDL-Chol ratio more than 1.6 for greater that 1 year OR Diabetes (blood glucose greater than 150 mg/dl requiring oral antihyperglycemics or insulin dependent) for greater than 1 year OR any combination Subgroup for risk factors with cerebral ischemic events must meet #2 plus documented stroke by physical exam and CT and/or MRI consistent with ischemic infarction or TIA witnessed and recorded by medical personnel Patient will be excluded if enrollment time is within 30 days of a stroke, myocardial infarction, or surgery. Patient may be enrolled after 30 days of the above events No patients on immunosuppressive therapy No patients who are unable to follow up for 1 year from the time of enrollment No stroke patients with an identifiable cardiac source (including atrial fibrillation, mural thrombus, valvular disease with vegetation)


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Heart Hypertrophy Patients of either gender, aged 18-75 years, with HCM caused by sarcomeric gene mutations determined by existing protocols LV wall thickness of greater than or equal to 20 mm measured in any LV segment by MRI Severe symptoms refractory to medical treatment (New York Heart Association functional class III or IV) No LV outflow tract obstruction at rest greater than 30 mm Hg as determined by cardiac catheterization No coronary artery disease (greater than 50% arterial luminal narrowing of a major epicardial vessel) No chronic atrial fibrillation No bleeding disorder (PTT greater than 35 sec, pro time greater than 14 sec, platelet count less than 154 k/mm(3) No anemia (Hb less than 12.7 g/dl in males and less than 11.0 g/dl in females) No renal impairment (serum creatinine greater than 1.3 mg/dl) No hepatitis B or C; nor unexplained abnormal LFTs


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Cardiovascular Diseases Coronary Disease Cerebrovascular Accident Heart Diseases Heart Failure, Congestive Myocardial Infarction Asthma Emphysema Lung Diseases, Obstructive Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal Bronchitis Dementia Hypertension Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Heart Failure


eligible ages (years): 65.0-999.0,  All  Cardiovascular Diseases Coronary Disease Heart Diseases Cerebrovascular Accident Diabetes Mellitus Hypertension Heart Failure, Congestive


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Cardiovascular Diseases Heart Diseases Hypertension Carotid Artery Diseases Atherosclerosis


eligible ages (years): 18.0-80.0,  All  Cerebrovascular Accident Patients may be enrolled in the study only if they meet all of the following Diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke with onset between 3 and 24 hours prior to planned start of study drugs. Acute ischemic stroke is defined as a measurable neurological deficit of sudden onset, presumed secondary to focal cerebral ischemia, and not otherwise attributable to ICH or another disease process. Stroke onset will be defined as the time the patient was last known to be without the new clinical deficit. Patients whose deficits have worsened in the last 24 hours are not eligible if their first symptoms started more than 24 hours before. If the stroke started during sleep, stroke onset will be recorded as the time the patient was last known to be intact. A careful history is important to determine when the patient was last without the presenting deficits Disabling neurological deficit attributable to the acute stroke at the start of study drugs NIHSS less than or equal to 16 Evidence on PWI MRI of a perfusion defect corresponding to the acute stroke syndrome of at least 2cm in diameter in both long and short axis in any slice. The PWI will be assessed by relative mean transit time (MTT) images. The MRI evaluation must involve echo planar diffusion weighted imaging, MRA, and MRI perfusion. A normal appearing MRA with an appropriate perfusion defect is eligible. An apparent stenosis or occlusion on MRA with normal appearing perfusion distally will not be eligible. Poor quality or uninterpretable MRA will not make patient ineligible. Patients who have a normal DWI are eligible Age 18 years, inclusive  Patients will be excluded from the study for any of the following reasons General Current participation in another study with an investigational drug or device within, prior participation in the present study, or planned participation in another therapeutic trial, prior to the final assessment in this trial Time interval since stroke onset of less than 24 hours impossible to determine with high degree of confidence Symptoms suggestive of subarachnoid hemorrhage, even if CT or MRI scan is negative for hemorrhage Evidence of acute myocardial infarction defined as having at least two of the following three features: 1.) Chest pain suggestive of cardiac ischemia; 2.) EKG findings of ST elevation of greater than 0.2 mV in 2 contiguous leads, new onset left bundle branch block, ST segment depression, or T-wave inversion; 3.) Elevated troponin I Contraindication to MRI scan Women known to be pregnant, lactating or having a positive or indeterminate pregnancy test Patients who would refuse blood transfusions if medically indicated Stroke Related


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic HCM Patients HCM defined as maximal LV wall thickness by echocardiography greater than 13mm in the absence of other causes of LVH or greater than 15mm asymmetrical LV wall thickness if there is a history of mild hypertension (defined as systolic less than 160mmHg and diastolic less than 100mHg) controlled for greater than 6 months Non-obstructive HCM Age greater than or equal to 21 years Patients with LV obstruction treated by LV myotomy and myectomy or percutaneous septal alcohol ablation that meet are eligible for this study  HCM Patients LV outflow obstruction noted during Doppler echocardiography at rest or with Valsalva maneuver defined as instantaneous peak gradient greater than 30 mmHg Hemodynamically significant valvular disorders, history of significant coronary obstruction (greater than 50% in any single artery), angina symptoms, myocardial ischemia on an imaging stress test or evidence of prior myocardial infarction. Patients older than 40 years of age with effort induced anginal symptoms typical of coronary insufficiency and a coronary distribution of myocardial ischemia on an imaging stress test will be considered for the study if coronary angiography rules out significant obstructive coronary disease Chronic atrial fibrillation Cardiac pacemaker or other metallic implant unsafe for MRI Uncontrolled hypertension Dependence on a beta blocker that cannot be withdrawn Dependence on a calcium blocker that cannot be withdrawn Current use of digoxin History of digitalis intolerance


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Acute Ischemic Stroke Acute ischemic stroke, any territory, with an appropriate neuroradiologic study (head CT scan or brain MRI scan) providing results consistent with non hemorrhagic stroke Onset of symptoms of qualifying stroke within 48 hours prior to randomization. In patients receiving thrombolytic therapy for the acute stroke, such as tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), administration of study drug may not start until at least 24 hours after completion of thrombolytic therapy Significant motor impairment of the leg, as indicated by a NIHSS score ≥2 on item 6 Inability to walk without assistance  Females who are pregnant, breast-feeding, or of childbearing potential and not using medically acceptable and effective contraception Clinical evidence of VTE at screening Any evidence of active bleeding on the basis of clinical judgment Prior history of intracranial hemorrhage (including that at screening) Spinal or epidural analgesia or lumbar puncture within the preceding 24 hours Thrombolytic therapy (e.g., tPA) or intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy within the preceding 24 hours.Thrombolytic therapy is permitted for treatment of the acute stroke but must have been completed 24 hours prior to randomization Comatose at screening (NIHSS score ≥2 on item 1a) Known or suspected cerebral aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation Confirmed malignancy that may pose an increased risk for bleeding or otherwise compromise follow-up or outcome assessment (e.g., lung cancer) Impaired hemostasis, i.e., known or suspected coagulopathy (acquired or inherited); baseline platelet count <100,000/mm3; aPTT 1.5 X the laboratory upper limit of normal; or international normalized ratio(INR) >1.5


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Hypertension, Pulmonary Pilot: The pilot study will enroll two groups of individuals: 1) patients who have either IPAH or a secondary form known to have similar histopathology (PAH), and 2) age, gender, and race matched control subjects for each patient Main: The main study will enroll three groups of individuals: 1) patients who have either IPAH or a secondary form known to have similar histopathology (PAH), 2) patients with PH ascribed to a nonvascular injury process, and 3) age, gender, and race matched control subjects for each PAH patient. Subjects must be at least 18 years of age and must be able to provide informed, written consent for participation in this study. There is no based on race or gender FOR The for this study are as follows Patients diagnosed with IPAH Patients diagnosed with secondary pulmonary hypertension known to have histopathology similar to the primary form or PAH. Clinical conditions causing pulmonary hypertension with histopathology similar to the primary form are listed below i. Eisenmenger Syndrome ii. Collagen vascular disease iii Liver disease with portal hypertension iv. Toxin induced injury (anorexic agents, rapeseed oil)  FOR WITH Pregnant women (all women of childbearing age will be required to have a screening urine or blood pregnancy test) Age less than 18 years Inability to provide informed written consent for participation in the study Mean PA less than or equal to 25mmHg or PVR less than 3 wood units PCW greater than 16 mmHg unless increase accounted for by increased transpulmonary gradient greater than or equal to 10 mmHg Patients receiving more than 1 year of oral therapy or more than 6 months of IV therapy FOR WITH The are as follows Patients diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension not known to have histopathology similar to the primary form. Etiologies are listed below


eligible ages (years): 80.0-999.0,  All  Hypertension Aged 80 or older Sitting systolic BP 160-199 mmHg AND sitting diastolic BP < 110 mmHg  Known accelerated hypertension (retinal haemorrhages or exudates or papilloedema) Overt clinical congestive heart failure requiring treatment with a diuretic or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Subjects allowed if treated with digoxin only Renal failure (serum creatinine of more than 150 µmol/l) Previous documented cerebral or subarachnoid haemorrhage in the last 6 months. (Ischaemic cerebral and cardiac events do not although the patient must be neurologically and cardiologically stable.) Condition expected to severely limit survival, e.g. terminal illness Known secondary hypertension (e.g. renal artery stenosis, chronic renal insufficiency, and endocrine cause) Gout Clinical diagnosis of dementia Resident in a nursing home, i.e. where the dependency and care requirements of the patients are such that they require the regular input of qualified nurses and therefore the majority of staff in the home are nurses (other forms of residential care are acceptable) Unable to stand up or walk


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Migraine With Typical Aura Patients must have a current history of migraine with typical aura where the aura is usually followed by headache according to the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria Patients are male or female. N.B. When female patients are treated for migraine attacks with triptans then the required precautions and safety measures should be taken in order to prevent pregnancy Patients with an age between 18 and 65 years Patients must have experienced 1-4 moderate (grade 2) or severe (grade 3) migraine attacks per month for at least two months prior to entry into the study Patients must be willing to keep their prophylactic drug treatment for migraine unchanged Patients must be able to distinguish migraine headaches from other headache types (e.g. tension-type headaches) at the onset of a migraine attack Patients must be able to understand and complete the diary card Patients must be willing and able to give written informed consent prior to entry into the study Patients must be willing and able to carry the Migraid and, if necessary, apply it in a public place  Migraine patients with a typical aura but without any migraine headache thereafter Patients with a history suggestive of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) or any present evidence of ischaemic heart disease (like angina pectoris, previous myocardial infarction, documented silent ischaemia, Prinzmetal's angina), or symptoms consistent with IHD Patients suffering from coronary vasospasm or any atherosclerotic disease (cerebrovascular disease [CVD], peripheral vascular disease [PVD] or Raynaud’s disease) which places them at increased risk of coronary ischaemia Patients with a history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) Patients with a supine diastolic blood pressure of > 95 mm Hg and/or systolic blood pressure > 160 mm Hg (treated or untreated) at Visit 1 Patients with a history of epilepsy or structural brain lesions which lower their convulsion threshold Patients with tension-type headaches > 15 days/month in either of the two months prior to the study Current abuse of opioid analgesics or other psychotropic drugs. History (within the past year) or current abuse of ergotamine (abuse as defined as > 10 mg/week). Current abuse of alcohol (according to local recommendations) or other drugs Patients suffering from any severe concurrent medical condition which may affect the interpretation of efficacy and safety data or which otherwise contraindicates participation in a clinical study Patients with a history of ophthalmoplegic, basilar or hemiplegic migraine


eligible ages (years): 65.0-999.0,  All  Brain Infarction Hypertension Patients with essential hypertension (systolic blood pressure>=140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure>=90, or treated with antihypertensive drugs) Patients with any finding of stroke, silent brain infarction, and white matter lesion on magnetic resonance imaging  Secondary hypertension Atrial fibrillation History or signs of cerebral disorders other than cerebrovascular disease Malignant tumor Chronic renal failure Severe congestive heart failure Hyperkalemia Stenosis of bilateral renal artery


eligible ages (years): 21.0-85.0,  All  Albuminuria Mild to moderate hypertension Type 2 diabetes mellitus Presence of protein in the urine (albuminuria)  Kidney disease not caused by diabetes or hypertension Renal artery stenosis Myocardial infarction or stroke within the last 6 months Type 1 diabetes mellitus Pregnant or lactating females Cancer within the last 5 years


eligible ages (years): 70.0-85.0,  All  Aged Systolic Hypertension Outpatients aged over 70 years and less than 85 years, regardless of sex Patients with stable seated systolic blood pressure of over 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of less than 90 mmHg at two visits within 2 to 4 weeks Previously untreated patients or patients who are on other therapy that can be converted to valsartan  Patients with secondary hypertension or malignant hypertension Patients with seated systolic blood pressure of over 200 mmHg Patients with seated diastolic blood pressure of over 90 mmHg Patients with a history of cerebrovascular disorder or myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to enrolment in the study Patients who underwent coronary arterioplasty within 6 months prior to enrolment in the study or patients who will undergo coronary arterioplasty within 6 months after entry Patients with severe heart failure (NYHA functional classification III and IV) Patients with severe aortic stenosis or valvular disease Patients with atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or serious arrhythmia Patients with renal dysfunction with serum creatinine level of over 2 mg/dL Patients with serious liver dysfunction


eligible ages (years): 40.0-80.0,  All  Hypertension type 2 diabetes elevated blood pressure and pulse pressure albuminuria  Severe hypertension History of stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, chest pain, abnormal heart rhythm Liver, kidney (not caused by diabetes), or pancreas disease Type 1 diabetes or uncontrolled type 2 diabetes Allergy to certain medications used to treat high blood pressure Other protocol-defined inclusion/


eligible ages (years): 40.0-70.0,  All  Hyperlipidemia TC:220～270mg/dl Male: 40-70 years old/ female: postmenopausal-70 years old <40kg in weight  History of CHD(angina, MI, post-PTCA/CABG, etc.) History of CVA(stroke, TIA, etc.) Underlying malignant tumor


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Atrial Fibrillation Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation Patients requiring MV surgery with at least 6 month history of atrial fibrillation  Patients with sick sinus syndrome Hyperthyroidism Permanent pacemaker Previous cardiac surgery


eligible ages (years): 75.0-999.0,  All  Acute Myocardial Infarction Subjects of 75 or more years of age Diagnosis of AMI: chest pain or any symptom of myocardial ischemia of, at least, 20 minutes of duration, not responding to nitrate therapy, an evolution period of less than 6 hours after symptom onset until randomization process, and, at least, one of the following alterations ST-elevation >=2 mm in 2 or more precordial leads ST-elevation >=1 mm in 2 or more anterior leads Complete de novo (or probably de novo) left bundle branch block (LBBB) Subject should be able to give informed consent prior to randomization process and should agree to fulfill all procedures described in the protocol, including follow-up after hospital discharge. A written consent signed by a close relative with witness is also acceptable  Documented contraindication to the use of fibrinolytics. 1.1. Internal active bleeding or known history of hemorrhagic diathesis 1.2. History of previous CVA of any kind or at any time 1.3. Intracranial tumor, arteriovenous malformation, aneurysm or cerebral aneurysm repair 1.4. Major surgery, parenchymal biopsy, ocular surgery or severe traumatism in the 6 weeks prior to randomization 1.5. Unexplained puncture in a non-compressible vascular location in the last 24 hours prior to randomization 1.6. Confirmed arterial hypertension with a reliable measurement of systolic AP >180 mmHg or diastolic AP >110 mmHg 1.7. Known thrombocytopenia < 100.000 platelets/mL 1.8. Prolonged (>20 minutes) or traumatic cardiopulmonar resuscitation (CPR) in the 2 weeks prior to randomization 1.9. History or signs suggesting aortic dissection Cardiogenic shock Estimated door-to-needle time >120 minutes Administration of fibrinolysis in the 14 days prior to randomization Administration of any glycoprotein IIa/IIIb inhibitor in the 24 hours prior to randomization Administration of any Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) in the 8 hours prior to randomization Actual oral anticoagulant treatment Suspected AMI secondary to occlusion of one lesion treated previously with a percutaneous coronary intervention (within the previous 30 days for angioplasty or conventional stent and within the previous 12 months for coated stents) Dementia or acute confusional state at the time of randomization Subject incapacity or unwillingness to give informed consent -at least, verbally


eligible ages (years): 65.0-999.0,  All  Atrophy Community living Caucasian woman ≥ 65 years; live expectation > 2 years  secondary osteoporosis CVD-events including stroke Participation in other studies Medication with impact on bone during the last 2 years bisphosphonates parathormone strontium HRT, anabolic steroids calcitonin natriumflourides


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Hypertension Males or females, 18 years of age or older Acute ischemic cerebral stroke (IS) with uncontrollable hypertension that may need to be controlled for the purpose of considering thrombolytic therapy or anticoagulation therapy Intracerebral hemorrhagic (ICH) stroke patients, including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (surgically treated or not), any territory with an appropriate study (head CT scan or MRI scan) providing results consistent with this diagnosis, who may require the control of hypertension or control of blood pressure  Allergy to Nicardipine or known hypersensitivity to Nicardipine Chronic renal failure or Creatinine blood sample levels> 2.0 Impaired hepatic function defined as a two times value of liver enzymes Severe left ventricular dysfunction defined as ventricular ejection fraction < 30% Patients or authorized representative who refused be enrolled into this study Advanced aortic stenosis Pregnant or nursing women will not be enrolled in this study No patient will be allowed to be enrolled in this study more than once Patients may not be enrolled into other clinical studies during their involvement with this study


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Hypertension Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 The following patients will be eligible for study participation Patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Diabetes will be defined as those patients presently taking either oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin therapy (oral hypoglycemic agents to all drugs in the drug classes of: alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, biguanides, meglitinides, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones and adjunctive therapy) taken for >6 months to rule-out steroid-induced diabetes and gestational diabetes  Patients will be excluded from the study if they Do not provide or are unable to provide written informed consent Refuse or are unlikely to attend follow-up visits for BP measurements Are institutionalized Are <18 years of age Do not understand English Enrolled in other diabetes or hypertension trials Subjects will be recruited whether or not they are receiving antihypertensive therapy


eligible ages (years): 18.0-85.0,  All  Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients must meet all of the criteria Diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke with onset less than 4.5 hours prior to the planned start of intravenous alteplase. Acute ischemic stroke is defined as a measurable neurological deficit of sudden onset, presumed secondary to focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke onset will be defined as the time the patient was last known to be without the new clinical deficit. Patients whose deficits have worsened in the last 4.5 hours are not eligible if their first symptoms started more than 4.5 hours before. If the stroke started during sleep, stroke onset will be recorded as the time the patient was last known to be at baseline Disabling neurological deficit attributable to acute ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory NIHSS less than or equal to 18 for left hemisphere strokes, NIHSS less than or equal to 16 for others Evidence of MCA occlusion (stem or branch) prior to drug administration by TCD, CTA or MRA Age 18-85 years, inclusive Able to sign informed consent For MRI Arm only Screening MRI diagnostic of focal cerebral ischemia corresponding to the clinical deficits. The MRI evaluation must involve echo planar diffusion weighted imaging, MRA, and MRI perfusion. A normal appearing MRA with an appropriate perfusion deficit is eligible. An apparent stenosis or occlusion on MRA with normal appearing perfusion distally will not be eligible. Poor quality or uninterpretable MRA will not make patient ineligible. Patients who have a normal appearing DWI are eligible Evidence on PWI MRI or a perfusion defect corresponding to the acute stroke syndrome. The PWI will be assessed by relative mean transit time (MTT) images obtained prior to the start of rt-TPA therapy  Patients will be excluded from study participation for any of the following reasons Current participation in another study with an investigational drug or device within, prior participation in the present study, or planned participation in another therapeutic trial, prior to the final (day 30) assessment in this trial Absence of acoustic window to insonate the MCA on the involved side Time interval since stroke onset of less than 3 hours is impossible to determine with high degree of confidence Symptoms suggestive of subarachnoid hemorrhage, even if CT or MRI scan is negative for hemorrhage Evidence of acute myocardial infarction defined as having at least two of the following three features: 1) Chest pain suggestive of cardiac ischemia; 2) EKG findings of ST elevation of more greater than 0.2 mV in 2 contiguous leads, new onset left bundle branch block, ST segment depression, or T-wave inversion; 3) Elevated troponin I Acute Pericarditis Women known to be pregnant, lactating or having a positive or indeterminate pregnancy test Neurological deficit that has led to stupor or coma (NIHSS level of consciousness [item I a] score greater than or equal to 2) High clinical suspicion of septic embolus


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Lung Cancer Heart Disease COPD Healthy sedentary smokers (> 4 per day for at least one year) Ages 18 to 65 years Must be able to give informed consent Must live in the area for the next 3 months Willing to use the nicotine patch to attempt smoking cessation Must receive consent to participate from primary care physician  Cannot read or write fluently in the English language Pregnancy or plans to attempt pregnancy minutes or more per week of moderate or vigorous physical activity Smokes cigars, pipes, or uses smokeless tobacco at least once per week Currently in a quit smoking program Currently using NRT of any kind or using any other quit smoking method or treatment Never had an adverse reaction to the nicotine patch resulting in discontinuation of use Poor willingness or inability to comply with protocol requirements An employee of the Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine Previous participant in Commit to Quit or Fit to Quit smoking cessation studies


eligible ages (years): 65.0-999.0,  All  Type 2 Diabetes type 2 diabetes managed by diet or metformin only A1c < 8.5%  treated with insulin or oral agents other than metformin in the past 6 months evidence of diabetic complications including coronary artery disease, stroke, transient ischemic attacks, peripheral vascular disease, nephropathy, retinopathy, or neuropathy type 1 diabetes or a history suggestive of a secondary causes of diabetes A1c ≥ 8.5% participated in another clinical trial within the past 30 days


eligible ages (years): 65.0-999.0,  All  Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes > 3 months duration Male or female Over 65 years of age Diet controlled only HgbA1C < 8.5%  Treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin or the likelihood of requiring treatment with these during the study Anemia hgb below 130 g/L (males) and below 120 g/L (females) Taking medications that known to interfere with glucose metabolism eg systemic corticosteriods, non-selective beta blockers Known or suspected allergy to glyburide, sulfa drugs or GlucoNorm impaired liver function, as shown by but not limited to AST and/or ALT > 2x the upper limit of normal Impaired renal function, as shown by but not limited to serum creatinine > 133 µmol/L (males) or 124 µmol/L (females) Participated in another clinical trial within the past 30 days


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Contrast Induced Nephropathy Subjects age 18 and over and of either gender Scheduled to receive CT scan with intravenous contrast dye Non diabetics or subjects with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus Written informed consent Subjects who are on diuretics and non-steroidal inflammatory agents will not be excluded Subjects who have received n-acetylcysteine or sodium bicarbonate pre CT scan will not be excluded  Pregnant or lactating women End-stage renal disease (on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) A known history of acute renal failure Subjects receiving glucophage/metformin or glucovance Subjects who cannot give written informed consent Subjects receiving peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis Subjects enrolled in another investigational drug study ≤ 30 days of enrollment into the present study Subjects with a known hypersensitivity or anaphylaxis to contrast dye or iodine Subjects with known hypersensitivity or anaphylaxis to erythropoietin, mammalian-cell derived products, or human albumin Age < 18 years


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Subjects eligible for enrollment into this study are male and female adults who were ≥ 18 years of age, mentally competent, willing and able to give informed consent prior to study entry available for all the visits scheduled in the study and able to comply with all study requirements in good health as determined by medical history physical examination clinical judgment of the investigator Written informed consent had to be obtained from all the subjects before enrollment in the study after the nature of the study had been explained  Subjects were not to be enrolled into the study if at least one of the following was fulfilled Any serious chronic or acute disease such as Cancer (leukemia, lymphomas, neoplasm), except for benign or localized skin cancer and non-metastatic prostate cancer not presently treated with chemotherapy Congestive heart failure Advanced arteriosclerotic disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requiring oxygen therapy and/or acute exacerbation of a COPD within the last 14 days Autoimmune disease (including rheumatoid arthritis), if under immunosuppressive therapy (see below) Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus Acute or progressive hepatic disease Acute or progressive renal disease


eligible ages (years): 18.0-70.0,  All  Atrial Fibrillation History of symptomatic, continuous atrial fibrillation defined as: Continuous atrial fibrillation lasting greater than 1 year but less than 4 years or nonself-terminating atrial fibrillation, lasting greater than 7 days but no more than 1 year, with at least one failed direct current cardioversion. A failed cardioversion was defined as an unsuccessful cardioversion or one in which normal sinus rhythm was established but not maintained beyond 7 days Atrial fibrillation symptoms included the following: palpitations, fatigue,exertional dyspnea, exercise intolerance Age between 18 and 70 years Failure of at least one Class I or III rhythm control drug Willingness, ability and commitment to participate in baseline and follow-up evaluations for the full length of the study  Structural heart disease of clinical significance including Previous cardiac surgery (excluding coronary artery bypass graft and mitral valve repair) Symptoms of congestive heart failure including, but not limited to, New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV congestive heart failure and/or documented ejection fraction <40% measured by acceptable cardiac testing Left atrial diameter >55 mm Moderate to severe mitral or aortic valvular heart disease Stable/unstable angina or ongoing myocardial ischemia Myocardial infarction (MI) within 3 months of enrollment Congenital heart disease (not including atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale without a right to left shunt) where the underlying abnormality increases the risk of an ablative procedure Prior atrial septal defect of patent foramen ovale closure with a device using a percutaneous approach Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (left ventricular septal wall thickness >1.5 cm)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Schizophrenia Schizoaffective Disorder Bipolar Disorder Patients must be male or female, age 18-65 Patients must have a definitive diagnosis by DSM-IV of schizophrenia, bipolar or schizoaffective disorder Patients can be receiving inpatient or outpatient treatment at time of enrollment Patients must have been treated with (Mellaril) thioridazine, (Risperdal) risperidone or (Seroquel) quetiapine at least three months at time of enrollment Patients must be able to provide written informed consent  Patients with a primary diagnosis other than schizophrenia, schizoaffective or bipolar disorder Patients who are currently taking other medications that have been shown to prolong the QTC, including tricyclic antidepressants, fluoroquinolones or antiarrythmics Patients unable to provide written informed consent


eligible ages (years): 18.0-80.0,  All  Stroke Cerebrovascular Accident Sudden focal neurological deficit attributable to a stroke Clearly defined time of onset, allowing initiation of intravenous treatment within 3 hours of symptoms onset and intra-arterial treatment within 6 hour of symptoms onset Age between 18 and 80 years  Disability preceding stroke consistent with a modified Rankin scale score of 2-4 (see glossary for Rankin scale) Coma at onset Severe stroke as assessed clinically (e.g. NIHSS>25) Rapidly improving neurological deficit or minor symptoms Seizure at onset of stroke Clinical presentation suggestive of a subarachnoid hemorrhage (even of CT scan is normal) or condition after subarachnoid hemorrhage from aneurysm Previous history of or suspected intracranial hemorrhage Previous history of central nervous system damage (i.e. neoplasm, aneurysm, intracranial or spinal surgery) Septic embolism, bacterial endocarditis, pericarditis Acute pancreatitis


eligible ages (years): 16.0-999.0,  All  Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Any patient that is hemodynamically stable and is identified to have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy based on prior symptoms, 2D ECHO findings, genetic testing, and/or ECG voltage criteria Patients that have signed informed consent after understanding the risks and benefits of participation. Individual age 16-17 with the consent and approval of a parent and /or legal guardian  Patients with prior history of myocardial infarction, CAD demonstrated by stress test or angiogram, and/or CABG will be excluded from this study Any patient that has undergone invasive treatment at the time of enrollment including procedures such as myomectomy and/or septal ablation. However, already enrolled subjects who have these procedures post-enrollment into the study will be eligible for future scans Patients encountering any significant symptoms, chest pain, or who are hemodynamically unstable Any patient with an ICD or pacemaker Patients who are underage and do not have the consent of a parent and/or legal guardian


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Patent Foramen Ovale Stroke Patent foramen ovale-(PFO) recurrent stroke failed antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy  International normalized ration (INR) outside of 2-3 intracardiac thrombus (subjects may be enrolled after resolution of thrombus)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Atrial Fibrillation for Atrial Fibrillation group Male or female at least 18 years old Subjects with a history of or current Atrial Fibrillation Subjects able to give informed consent for Controls Male or female at least 18 years old Subjects with no history of Atrial Fibrillation Subjects able to give informed consent


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Stroke, Acute Subject For in the study, subjects must fulfill all of the following Written Informed Consent Eighteen years of age or older Symptoms consistent with acute stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) Acute presentation of stroke symptoms, per bedside physician discretion (onset generally less than 12 hours and likely less than 3 hours) Subject  The following is the sole criterion for from the study Unlikely to complete study through 90-day follow-up


eligible ages (years): 18.0-85.0,  All  Cardiovascular Diseases Hypertension Hyperlipidemia Hyperglycemia Adults 18-85 years Signed consent


eligible ages (years): 65.0-999.0,  All  Type 2 Diabetes Clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes  Impaired renal or liver function Cardiac disease Subjects with metal implants Hypertension Diabetes complications Exogenous insulin therapy


eligible ages (years): 30.0-85.0,  All  Ischemic Stroke Patent Foramen Ovale Age 30-85 Ischemic stroke within 30 days Glasgow outcome scale ≥ 3 No contraindications to warfarin/aspirin  Basal INR > 1.4 Post-procedural stroke Severe carotid atherosclerosis Cardioembolic stroke Contraindications to transesophageal echocardiography


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Hypertension Outpatients attending neurology specialty centers, either with or without history of stroke, receiving hypertension medication  Secondary hypertension patients Patients not receiving hypertension medication


eligible ages (years): 18.0-80.0,  All  Stroke Age between 18 and 80 years Onset of symptoms until call at least 30 min prior to the end of the approved time window for thrombolysis (and not after awakening) Clinical signs of ischemic stroke with suddenly occurring, measurable neurological deficits defined as impairment of language, motor function, facial palsy or asymmetry Patient is willing to participate voluntarily and to sign a written informed consent. Informed consent will be obtained from each patient or the subject's legally authorized representative or relative Patients who are unable to sign but who are able to understand the meaning of participation in the study may give an oral witnessed informed consent. These patients have to make undoubtfully clear that they are willing to participate voluntarily and must be able to understand an explanation of the contents of the information sheet  Age younger than 18 or older than 80 years Non-acute onset of symptoms No focal stroke-like symptoms Pregnant patients


eligible ages (years): 70.0-999.0,  All  Orthostatic Hypotension Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 diabetes mellitus age (70 years and older)  Known autonomic dysfunction Neurodegenerative diseases Current malignancy Living in a nursing-home Irregular pulse


eligible ages (years): 0.0-75.0,  All  Prostate Cancer Age of patients: up to 75 years Men scheduled for radical prostatectomy due to prostate cancer Patients who are able and willing to give consent and able to attend all study visits  Contraindications to MRI including: claustrophobia, weight over 120 kg, implanted ferromagnetic materials or foreign objects, and known intolerance to the MRI contrast agent (e.g. Gadolinium or Magnevist) Severely abnormal coagulation (INR>1.5) Patients with unstable cardiac status including: unstable angina pectoris on medication, patients with documented myocardial infarction within six months of protocol entry, congestive heart failure requiring medication (other than diuretic), patients on anti-arrhythmic drugs, severe hypertension (diastolic BP > 100 on medication), and patients with cardiac pacemakers Severe cerebrovascular disease (multiple CVA or CVA within 6 months) Individuals who are not able or willing to tolerate the required prolonged stationary supine position during imaging (approximately 1 hrs.) Any rectal pathology preventing probe insertion, (as active proctitis, ulcerative colitis, fissure ani, diverticulitis, previous rectal surgery, IBD, etc…) Any spinal pathology that prohibits maintaining supine position for more then an hour Any previous radiation to the pelvis


eligible ages (years): 18.0-80.0,  All  Stroke Female or male inpatients Age: 18-80 years If female, patient must not be pregnant Clinical diagnosis of ischemic stroke causing a measurable neurological deficit defined as impairment of language, motor function, cognition and/or gaze,vision or neglect. Ischemic stroke is defined as an event characterized by the sudden onset of an acute focal neurologic deficit presumed to be due to cerebral ischemia after CT scan excludes haemorrhage Onset of symptoms within 3 hours prior to initiation of rt-PA administration Stroke symptoms are to be present for at least 30 minutes and have not significantly improved before treatment. Symptoms must be distinguishable from an episode of generalized ischemia (i.e. syncope), seizure or migraine disorder Patient is willing to participate voluntarily and to sign a written patient informed consent. Informed consent will be obtained from each patient or the subject's legally authorized representative or relatives, or deferred where applicable, according to the regulatory and legal requirements of the participating country Patients who are unable to sign but who are able to understand the meaning of participation in the study may give an oral witnessed informed consent. These patients have to make clear undoubtful that they are willing to participate voluntarily and must be able to understand an explanation of the contents of the information sheet. A written consent has to be obtained as soon as possible Willingness and ability to comply with the protocol  Evidence of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) on the CT-scan Violation of not approved by clinical study director or study safety officer Failure to perform or to evaluate screening or baseline examinations Hospitalisation (except for study purposes) or change of concomitant medication 4 weeks prior to screening or during screening period Participation in another therapeutic clinical trial 3 months before baseline Patients with any history of prior stroke and concomitant diabetes Prior stroke within the last 3 months Platelet count of below 100x103/mm3 Blood glucose <50 or >400 mg/dl (<2.77 or >22.15 mmol/L) Known haemorrhagic diathesis


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Cryptogenic Stroke Recent stroke (within 30 days) as defined by who has a sudden onset of focal neurological deficits presumed vascular etiology and lasting more than 24 hours Negative brain image for hemorrhagic stroke In sinus rhythm at time of enrollment  Know history of atrial fibrillation Previous implanted cardiac device (ppM or ICD) Serious illness making it unlikely to survive one year Known secondary cause of stroke


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Stroke Age > 18 years Seen at UCSF Medical Center for cryptogenic stroke or high-risk TIA Onset of stroke or TIA symptoms within the previous 60 days  Definite small-vessel etiology by history or imaging Source found on vascular imaging of possible culprit vessels Source found by echocardiography (TEE not required) History of atrial fibrillation Atrial fibrillation on admission ECG Atrial fibrillation detected by inpatient cardiac telemetry (at least 24 hours required) Obvious culpable systemic illness such as endocarditis Patient unable to provide written, informed consent


eligible ages (years): 2.0-90.0,  All  Aged elderly subjects over the age 65 years who had not received pneumococcal vaccination adult subjects under the age of 45 years (healthy volunteers with no previous history of pneumococcal vaccination) children subjects over the age of 2 years with no previous history of pneumococcal vaccination  immunocompromised, asplenia, cancer, liver or renal failure, and history of hypersensitivity to vaccine


eligible ages (years): 70.0-999.0,  All  Hypertension Age >= 70 years Systolic office blood pressure >= 160 mmHg Systolic home blood pressure >= 155 mmHg  Diabetes Mellitus Atrial fibrillation Dementia Renal failure requiring dialysis Life expectancy of less than 1 year Disabling stroke Contraindication for MRI or anti-hypertensive medication Systolic blood pressure > 220 mmHg


eligible ages (years): 18.0-70.0,  All  Hypertension Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Regardless of whether they are currently receiving antihypertensive therapy, systolic blood pressure higher than 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure higher than 90 mmHg Whether or not use oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin injections, the fasting plasma is higher than 7.0 mmol/L, or postprandial blood glucose higher than 11.1 mmol/L  With life-threatening disease With the various effects of metabolic diseases such as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, etc Stroke, myocardial infarction and other serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases occurred within 3 months Serum creatinine level higher than 176.8 mmol/L Dementia or severe cognitive decline Unable to do a long-term follow-up or do not agree to participate in this trial


eligible ages (years): 19.0-999.0,  All  Stroke Patients presenting to the emergency Signs and symptoms of acute ischemic stroke: impairment of language, motor function, cognition and/or gaze, vision or neglect Patients with an NIH Stroke Scale score > 4  Age less than 19 Patient symptomatic for greater than five hours. Intravenous thrombolytic therapy must be instituted within three hours of symptom onset in order to minimize the risk of Intracerebral or symptomatic hemorrhage; other interventions such as intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy and clot retrieval allow for a six-hour window. One hour is an achievable time for arrival to institution of therapy, therefore a five-hour limit on enrollment allows the greatest number of patients the possibility of therapy Inability to verify a clear onset of symptoms. As noted, time elapsed since the patient's last known baseline state is correlated to Intracerebral and symptomatic hemorrhage, and therapy is approved only for patients with a clear time of onset


eligible ages (years): 40.0-75.0,  All  Acute Coronary Syndrome Myocardial Infarction Unstable Angina Pectoris Participant had at least five minutes of chest pain or equivalent (chest tightness; pain radiating to left, right, or both arms or shoulders, back, neck, epigastrium, jaw/throat; or unexplained shortness of breath, syncope/presyncope, generalized weakness, nausea, or vomiting thought to be of cardiac origin) at rest or during exercise within 24 hours of ED presentation, warranting further risk stratification, as determined by an ED attending 2 or more cardiac risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, current smoker and family history of coronary artery disease) Able to provide a written informed consent <75 years of age, but >40 years of age Able to hold breath for at least 10 seconds Sinus rhythm  New diagnostic ischemic ECG changes (ST-segment elevation or depression > 1 mm or T-wave inversion > 4 mm) in more than two anatomically adjacent leads or left bundle branch block Documented or self-reported history of CAD (MI, percutaneous coronary interventions [PCIs], coronary artery bypass graft [CABG], known significant coronary stenosis [>50%]) Greater than 6 hours since presentation to ED BMI >40 kg/m2 Impaired renal function as defined by serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL* Elevated troponin-T (> 0.09 ng/ml) Hemodynamically or clinically unstable condition (BP systolic < 80 mm Hg, atrial or ventricular arrhythmias, persistent chest pain despite adequate therapy) Known allergy to iodinated contrast agent Currently symptomatic asthma Documented or self-reported cocaine use within the past 48 hours (acute)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-90.0,  All  Stroke Foramen Ovale, Patent years old patients signed informed consent all consecutive patients undergoing a successful percutaneous closure of a PFO secondary to a cryptogenic stroke  all patients with an alternative aetiology of the initial stroke all patients in whom the percutaneous closure of the PFO is contraindicated all patients with a known allergy to aspirin and or clopidogrel


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Palpitations Age 18 years or older Good history of episodic symptomatic sustained palpitations (sudden onset and offset, fast heart beats, may be associated with shortness of breath or dizziness) Terminates before presentation to hospital Episodes occur at a frequency of less than once every two weeks Never previously caught on ECG or ambulatory monitoring Normal resting ECG  Contraindication to ILR implantation i.e. ongoing oral anticoagulation with INR >1.6, ongoing infection, sepsis or fever, etc Palpitations suggestive of extrasystoles (single missed or dropped beats) Known or suspected severe valvular or myocardial heart disease An audible heart murmur Any abnormality on the surface ECG Thyrotoxicosis Patients who refuse an ILR when offered will not be included in either limb of the study


eligible ages (years): 30.0-75.0,  All  Acute Myocardial Infarction Male or female patients aged 30 to < 75 years inclusive Patients presenting within 12 hours with symptoms presumed secondary to an acute myocardial infarction lasting at least 20 minutes and accompanied by ECG evidence of > 1mm of ST elevation in 2 or more limb leads or > 2mm in 2 or more contiguous precordial leads or suspected new left bundle branch block will be eligible Patients must be in the hospital or the emergency department and able to receive the study medication within 12 hours of onset of symptoms Females of child-bearing age, not using a generally accepted method of contraception must have a negative urine pregnancy test Written informed consent should be sought from the patient prior to in the study. If unable to do so, informed verbal consent will be obtained. If neither is possible, a legally acceptable representative (relative) should provide written consent NB Verbal or written consent should be followed by written informed consent from the patient at the earliest subsequent opportunity  Previous administration of staphylokinase Active bleeding or known hemorrhagic diathesis Any history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, dementia, or structural CNS damage e.g. neoplasm, aneurysm, AV malformation Major surgery or trauma within the past 3 months Significant hypertension i.e. SBP 180 mm Hg and/or DBP 110 mm Hg at any time from admission to randomization Current treatment with vitamin K antagonists resulting with an INR > 1.5 Anticipated difficulty with vascular access Prolonged (>10 min) cardiopulmonary resuscitation or cardiogenic shock Patients who have participated in an investigational drug study within the past 30 days Pregnancy or lactation, parturition within the previous 30 days


eligible ages (years): 18.0-75.0,  All  Chagas Cardiomyopathy Cardiac Arrhythmia Stroke Left Ventricular Function Systolic Dysfunction Cardiac Death Clinically stable outpatients with at least 10 years of regular outpatients follow-up and positive epidemiological history and serological confirmation of Chagas disease with ate least two immunological tests  Any degree of atrioventricular block or non-sinus rhythm Previous documented acute coronary events (due to documented obstructive epicardial coronary vessels) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Rheumatic valvular heart disease Alcohol addiction Thyroid dysfunction Abnormal serum electrolytes and biochemical abnormalities


eligible ages (years): 35.0-70.0,  All  Erectile Dysfunction Due to Arterial Insufficiency Subject must be undergoing coronary or peripheral angiography for suspected or known coronary or peripheral atherosclerotic disease Subject must be male ≥ 35 and ≤ 70 years old Subject must provide written informed consent before any study-related procedures are performed Subject must agree to comply with study procedures and follow-up for the entire length of the study  Subject is unable to safely attempt sexual intercourse secondary to severe cardiac disease or other health condition Subject has a life expectancy of < 12 months Subject's serum creatinine is > 2.5 mg/dl Subject has known aorto-iliac occlusive disease, previous AAA endograft procedure or open surgical procedure Subject has history of prostatic carcinoma requiring surgery (i.e., prostatectomy), pelvic radiation, or hormonal/chemotherapy Subject has a history of myocardial infarction, stroke, life-threatening arrhythmia, or unstable angina requiring hospitalization within 3 months (90 days) prior to enrollment Subject has had exposure to PDE5 inhibitor (per subject's concomitant medication list) within the 72 hours prior to the scheduled baseline angiography Subject has a history of renal transplantation Subject has a penile implant Subject has become unstable or has received a maximum radiation dose, increased procedure time, and/or maximum contrast dose (in the Investigator's opinion) from the primary angiographic procedure that would compromise the safety of the subject by proceeding with enrollment into the study


eligible ages (years): 20.0-95.0,  All  Osteonecrosis Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis of hip joint requiring total hip arthroplasty  Neurologic disorders affecting motor function of lower extremity foot and ankle disorders limiting ambulation of the patient Patients with bone metabolic disorders other than osteoporosis which prevents normal bone metabolism Multi-systemic inflammatory arthritis which debilitates patients other than hip joint


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Coronary Artery Disease The patient is male or female ≥ 18 years of age The patient presents with stable angina pectoris, or silent ischemia (positive stress test without chest pain) The patient is scheduled for coronary angiography, with possible angioplasty The patient is able to tolerate dual anti-platelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel for a minimum of 30 days and is on those medications at the time of the PCI (clopidogrel may be administered during PCI or within 30 minutes post PCI) The patient is able and willing to conform to the requirements of the study and voluntarily signs an Informed Consent The patient does not present with any form of illness or condition that in the investigator's opinion would impair the results of the study Women of child bearing potential must have a negative urine or serum pregnancy test prior to enrollment  Patients in cardiogenic shock Patients with acute coronary syndrome, which includes unstable angina, non-ST-elevation MI or STEMI Known history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia Contraindication to unfractionated heparin, bivalirudin, or any anticoagulant or antithrombotic pharmacological agent Any significant medical condition, which in the investigator's opinion, may interfere with the patient's optimal participation in the study Pregnant women or nursing mothers


eligible ages (years): 1.5-999.0,  All  Stroke Computerized Tomography (CT) or Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) verified cryptogenic stroke or TIA > 18 years of age the ability to provide a written consent  prior or known AFIB AF found during work up including 24 hour telemetric monitoring


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Contrast Induced Acute Kidney Injury For specific aim 1 Subjects with reduced kidney function Adult (>18 years of age) men and women All races and ethnicities Chronic kidney disease stage 3 with an estimated GFR by MDRD formula between 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 Being scheduled for a coronary angiography study as part of their clinical care For specific aim 2 Subjects with normal kidney function Adult (>18 years of age) men and women


eligible ages (years): 18.0-80.0,  All  Patent Foramen Ovale Subjects who have had a cryptogenic stroke within the previous 3 months, radiologically verified Subjects who have been diagnosed with a high-risk* Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO), echocardiographically verified (*PFO size ≥ 2 mm or atrial septal aneurysm or hypermobility by TEE) Subjects willing to participate in follow-up visits Absence of other potential causes of stroke  Any identifiable cause of thromboembolic cause other than PFO Subjects with intracardiac thrombus or tumor, dilated cardiomyopathy, prosthetic heart valve or mitral stenosis, endocarditis Subjects with significant atherosclerosis or dissection of the aorta, collagen vascular disease, arteritis, vasculitis and coagulopathy Subjects who have an acute or recent (within 6 months) myocardial infarction or unstable angina Subjects who have a non-vascular origin of the neurological symptoms after brain imaging (CT scan or MRI) History of intracranial bleeding, confirmed arterio-venous malformation,aneurysm or uncontrolled coagulopathy Pre-existing neurological disorders or intracranial disease, e.g. multiple sclerosis Subjects with left ventricular aneurysm or akinesis Subjects with atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (chronic or intermittent) Subjects with another source of right to left shunt identified at baseline, including an atrial septal defect and/or fenestrated septum


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Hypertension Stroke Adult patients (age greater or equal to 18 years) Hypertensive patients, with a sitting Systolic Blood Pressure above 140 mmHg or 130 mmHg in diabetics and high/very high risk patients, according to ESC/ESH Guidelines Patients being prescribed eprosartan under the terms and conditions of the local label and administered according to standard medical practice Patients with at least one of the following conditions Newly diagnosed hypertension Inability to tolerate other antihypertensive medications, or Lack of response to current antihypertensive medication(s)  Any contraindication to eprosartan or the excipients (according to the local label)


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Hemodialysis Hyperphosphatemia hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia who require phosphate binders hemodialysis for more than 3 months patients who have at least one calcification risk factor (elderly > 65 years, postmenopausal woman, type 2 diabetes mellitus) intact-PTH > or = 240pg/mL life expectancy > 1 year with written informed consent  contraindications to lanthanum carbonate and calcium carbonate swallowing disorders severe GI disorders history of obstructed bowels history of IHD/stroke within 6 months before randomization NYHA classification Ⅲ-Ⅳ severe liver dysfunction (AST or ALT greater than 3 times the upper limit of institution require treatment of arrhythmia severe malnutrition malignancy of any type within the last five years


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Atrial Fibrillation atrial fibrillation scheduled for catheter ablation  contraindication to magnetic resonance imaging pregnancy life expectancy of less than six months participation in another trial that would conflict with this trial


eligible ages (years): 35.0-999.0,  All  Acute Coronary Syndrome Coronary Artery Disease Cardiac Death Myocardial Infarction Patient is in Sinus Rhythm Typical or atypical chest pain lasting more than 5 min in the last 24 hs Estimated pre-test probability of significant coronary artery disease more than 15% Absence of ECG changes suggestive of myocardial ischemia (ST-segment deviation >1 mm or T Wave inversion > 4 mm in at least two contiguous leads) Negative initial troponins I at admission (<0.05 ng/ml)  Known allergy to iodinated contrast Known renal insufficiency or Creatinine >1.5 mg/dl at admission History of known coronary artery disease or prior myocardial revascularization Any of the following:hemodynamic instability, persistent chest pain despite treatment, Systolic blood pressure <100 mm Hg Cardiac arrhythmia with rapid or irregular ventricular response Inability to perform an exercise test Patient is incapable of providing informed consent


eligible ages (years): 35.0-85.0,  All  Hypertension Stroke aged 35 to 85 years hypertensive patients who had an ischemic stroke  patients aged below 35 years or above 86 years patients who had a hemorrhagic stroke patients whose systolic BP (SBP) was over 220 mmHg or whose diastolic BP (DBP) was above 120 mmHg during an acute phase, or whose SBP was over 180 mmHg or whose DBP was over 110 mmHg one week after their hospital visit patients with secondary hypertension related to renovascular, endocrinologic, or pregnant conditions patients who went to bed in the middle of the day or very late at night; (6) patients who were using intravenous antico-agulants or thrombolytics (7) patients with a severe stroke (NIH stroke scale > 20); (8) patients who could not give their consent to investigators; (9) patients with severely impaired liver function (AST or ALT ≥ 100); (10) patients with severely impaired renal function (serum creatinine ≥ 2.0 mg/dL); (11) patients with cancer; (12) patients who were pregnant or lactating; (13) patients with other grave diseases such as hypertensive encephalopathy, aortic dissection, acute myocardial infarction, or severe congestive heart failure; and (14) patients who were allergic to the test or control drugs


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Atrial Fibrillation Atrial Flutter Patient meets the approved FDA indication to receive the ICM Patient is suspected, based on demographics, to be at high risk of having AF, as determined by the clinical investigator Patient has a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 2 [Note: stroke/TIA criterion as part of the CHA2DS2-VASc score for this trial is limited to either an ischemic stroke or TIA, which occurred more than one year prior to enrollment.] Patient is 18 years of age or older Patient has a life expectancy of 18 months or more  Patient has a documented history of AF or atrial flutter Patient has a symptom complex consistent with an arrhythmia (where an ICM may have an alternate indication for use) Patient had an ischemic stroke or TIA within past year prior to enrollment Patient has a history of a hemorrhagic stroke Patient is currently implanted with a permanent pacemaker, insertable loop recorder, implantable defibrillator, cardiac resynchronization therapy device (pacemaker or defibrillator) NYHA Class IV Heart Failure patient Patient had heart surgery within previous 90 days prior to enrollment Patient had an MI within the previous 90 days prior to enrollment Patient is taking chronic immunosuppressant therapy Patient is taking an anti-arrhythmic drug


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, symptomatic  atrial fibrillation other than PAF, asymptomatic, previous AF ablation


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Atrial Fibrillation Age >= 18 years CHADS2 score >=2 Sinus rhythm Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device  Atrial fibrillation Severe heart valve disease Anticoagulation therapy Pregnancy


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Ischemic Stroke Atrial Fibrillation Transient Ischemic Attacks Transient Cerebrovascular Events Patients >18 years of age Signs and symptoms suggestive of acute ischemic stroke or TIA Arrival to the emergency department or hospital within 8 hrs of symptom onset or last known normal time Head CT or MRI ruling out other pathology such as vascular malformation, hemorrhage, tumor or abscess which would likely be responsible for presenting neurologic symptoms Consent must be obtained  Any central nervous system infection, i.e. meningitis or encephalitis in the past 30 days Any form of head trauma, stroke or intracranial hemorrhage in the past 30 days Known primary or metastatic cancer involving the brain Active Cancer defined as a diagnosis of cancer, within 6 months before enrollment, any treatment for cancer within the previous 6 months, or recurrent or metastatic cancer Autoimmune diseases: such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis Active infectious diseases (eg. HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C) Any underlying medical condition which in the opinion of the investigator would prohibit the patient from providing informed consent Major surgery within three months prior to the index event


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Blood Pressure Depression Panic Attack Fibromyalgia POTS Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia Coronary Heart Disease Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD) Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) Atrial Fibrillation Diabetes Mellitus Cancer Systolic Heart Failure Diastolic Heart Failure Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Syncope Vasovagal Syncope Any patient regardless of the age of gender  Any non-correctable secondary cause of increase or decrease in blood pressure or a pathology that alters the prognosis before the entrance of the patient into this registry nephropathy prior to the admission familial dyslipidemia previous gastric bypass pre-existing heart failure chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia long QT syndrome hypertrophic cardiomyopathy


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Pulmonary Embolism Patients with massive PE aged 18 years or older with confirmed PE and able to give informed consent will be included in the study. PE is defined according to current guidelines as adult patients presenting with signs and symptoms suggestive of PE plus imaging documentation on computed tomography angiography. Massive PE was defined as acute PE with sustained hypotension (systolic blood pressure<90 mm Hg for at least 15 minutes or requiring inotropic support, not due to a cause other than PE, such as arrhythmia, hypovolemia, sepsis, or left ventricular [LV] dysfunction), pulselessness, or persistent profound bradycardia (heart rate<40 bpm with signs or symptoms of shock)  Patients with prior intracranial hemorrhage, known structural intracranial cerebrovascular disease (eg, arteriovenous malformation), known malignant intracranial neoplasm, ischemic stroke within 3 months, suspected aortic dissection, active bleeding or bleeding diathesis, recent surgery encroaching on the spinal canal or brain, and recent significant closed-head or facial trauma with radiographic evidence of bony fracture or brain injury were excluded from the study


eligible ages (years): 70.0-90.0,  All  Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Hypertension Diabetes To be eligible for the study subjects must fulfil the following at Living address in Region Zealand, Region of Southern Denmark or the Capital Region of Denmark (study subjects from other regions of Denmark who actively contact the study for participation can be included if they wish to participate) 90 years of age at the time of screening and in addition the study subject should be clinically evaluated to be biologically a potential candidate for anti-coagulation therapy and additionally have at least one of the diseases mentioned below Known diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, with or without medical therapy) History with hypertension with or without a therapy that may reduce blood pressure (i.e., an increased blood pressure at randomization is not required) Heart failure: New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-IV or a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (< 0.50) Previous diagnosed stroke (preferably diagnosed in hospital and verified by imaging; previous (TIA, transitory ischemic attack, is not considered an criterion; a specific time interval from previous stroke to time is not required) Concerning the four qualifying diseases the study subject is considered qualified for study if he has a history of one of the diseases (for example subject is now normotensive on life-style correction or medical therapy and similarly if blood glucose has been normalised upon life-style corrections or medical therapy)  Uncorrected, congenital heart disease or severe valvular stenosis, obstructive cardiomyopathy, active myocarditis, constrictive pericarditis Recipient of any major organ transplant (e.g. lung, liver, heart or kidney) Receiving or has received cytotoxic or cytostatic chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy for treatment of a malignancy within 6 months before randomization or clinical evidence of current malignancy with the following exceptions: Basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, prostate cancer (if stable, localized disease with a life expectancy of > 2.5 years in the opinion of the investigator) Known to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive with an expected survival of less than 5 years due to HIV infection Renal failure treated with permanent dialysis Recent (within 3 months) history of alcohol or drug abuse based on self-reporting Any condition (e.g. psychiatric illness, dementia) or situation, that in the investigators opinion could put the subject at significant risk, confound the study results, or interfere significantly with the subject participation in the study Known atrial fibrillation irrespective of its type (paroxysmal, persistent, long-lasting persistent or permanent) Ongoing therapy with OAC or newer OAC (whereas therapy with platelet inhibitors such as acetyl-salicylic acid, clopidogrel, persantine is not considered as an exclusion) Patients who have a pacemaker (including cardiac resynchronization therapy-pacemaker, CRT-P) or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), including a Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy defibrillator (CRT-D)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Permanent Atrial Fibrillation To be eligible, each patient must be in the following condition Permanent atrial fibrillation (>6 months) which has been considered unsuitable for ablation or failed ablation Narrow QRS ≤ 110 ms Severely symptomatic (atrial fibrillation-related symptoms), refractory to drug therapy for rate control At least one hospitalization related to atrial fibrillation and/or heart failure in the previous year (see definition below)  New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV and systolic blood pressure <80 mmHg despite optimized therapy severe concomitant non-cardiac disease need for surgical intervention myocardial infarction within the previous 3 months previous implanted devices (PM/ICD/CRT)


eligible ages (years): 60.0-999.0,  All  Transient Arthropathy of Hip y/o/ and more Both sexes Schedule for total hip replacement  Patient with previous bedsore Patients under 60 y.0 Previous CVA


eligible ages (years): 18.0-80.0,  All  Acute Ischaemic Stroke or less years old patients with acute stroke produced by a main artery occlusion NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score greater than 6 (severe neurological impairment) Patients receiving EVT or IVT within 4.5 hours after onset  EVT or IVT contraindication Previous neurological impairment, severe concomitant disease or poor prognosis Pregnancy or breastfeeding Known hypersensitivity to any study drugs Severe organic disease for which there is not risk compensation


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Stroke Atrial Fibrillation Premature Atrial Complexes admitted with ischemic stroke at a single center time from diagnose to maximum 7 days written informed consent or surrogate informed consent eligible age > 18 years  hemorrhagic stroke terminal illness and expected lifespan of less than 6 months any physical or mental condition which make the patients unsuitable for participation in the study known with a pacemaker anticoagulation treatment of other reasons than atrial fibrillation


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Cryptogenic Embolic Stroke Active Cancer Subjects with acute ischemic stroke who presented within 7 days from symptom onset Subjects with unknown cause of stroke despite of initial evaluation including electrocardiogram and brain imaging upon admission Subjects who performed brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) and MR angiography (MRA), cardiac work-ups (12-lead electrocardiography, transthoracic and/or transesophageal echocardiography with injection of agitated saline (or agitated saline transcranial Doppler monitoring), and 24-hour Holter and/or telemonitoring) Subjects with informed consent  Subjects with single subcortical infarction Subjects with primary brain tumor