eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  End Stage Heart Disease Heart Failure Ability to speak Cantonese Living within the hospital service area Ability to be contacted by phone Identified as end-stage heart failure eligible for palliative care, guided by Prognostic Indicator Guidance, National Gold Standards Framework,to fulfill at least two of the indicators below (i) Congestive heart failure New York Heart Association stage III or IV (ii) Patient thought to be in the last year of life by the care team (iii) Repeated hospital admissions with symptoms of heart failure (3 hospital admissions within one year) (iv) Existence of physical or psychological symptoms despite optimal tolerated therapy  Discharged to nursing home or other institution Inability to communicate Diagnosed with severe psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder


An 89-year-old man was brought to the emergency department by his wife and son after six months of progressive changes in cognition and personality. He began to have poor memory, difficulty expressing himself, and exhibited unusual behaviors, such as pouring milk onto the table and undressing immediately after getting dressed. He is unable to dress, bathe, use the toilet, or walk independently. On examination the patient's temperature was 36.5C (97.7F), the heart rate 61 bpm in an irregular rhythm, the blood pressure 144/78 mm Hg, and the respiratory rate 18 bpm. The patient was alert and oriented to self and city but not year. He frequently interrupted the examiner. He repeatedly reached out to grab things in front of him, including the examiner's tie and face. He could not spell the word "world" backward, could not follow commands involving multiple steps and was unable to perform simple calculations. His speech was fluent, but he often used similar-sounding word substitutions. He could immediately recall three out of three words but recalled none of them after 5 minutes. Examination of the cranial nerves revealed clinically significant paratonic rigidity. Myoclonic jerks were seen in the arms, with symmetrically brisk reflexes. The reflexes in the legs were normal.

eligible ages (years): 1.0-16.0,  All  Dravet Syndrome Onset of seizures in the first year of life History of fever-induced prolonged seizures as determined by the Investigator These may prolonged (approximately 15 minutes or longer) hemi-clonic seizures Multiple seizure types which may generalised tonic-clonic (required for inclusion) clonic (required for inclusion) myoclonic jerks/seizures history of normal development prior to seizure onset followed by development delay or regression after seizure onset abnormal EEG consistent with Dravet Syndrome 2. The patient has a history of approximately 2 tonic-clonic or clonic seizures in 2 weeks 3. The patient is treated with at least 1 but no more than 3 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) [Vagal Nerve Stimulator (VNS) and ketogenic diet will not be considered an AED] 4. Patient has at least 2 seizures during the Baseline Period of either 2 or 4 weeks  The patient is taking stiripentol, verapamil, or felbatol. If patients have taken these drugs in the past, they need to have been off drug for 5 half-lives The patient is taking a sodium channel blocker including, but not limited to, phenytoin, fosphenytoin, carbamazepine, oxcarbamazepine, lamotrigine, lacosamide, and rufinamide. If patients have taken these drugs in the past, they need to have been off drug for 5 half-lives The patient is on cannabidiol, medical marijuana, or any drug that contains cannabinoids The patient has received chronic treatment (≥2 weeks for any indication) with a benzodiazepine within at least 5 half-lives prior to screening. Rescue therapy for prolonged seizures is allowed The patient has received clobazam within 3 months prior to the Screening Visit. If the patient has received clobazam in the past, discontinuation must not have been for adverse events or lack of efficacy Other protocol-defined and


eligible ages (years): 1.0-16.0,  All  Dravet Syndrome The and  for the patients who participated in lead-in Study 14362A will be transferred from the 14362A study and for the patients who did not participate in lead-in Study 14362A the inclusion/exclusion is separately listed below The patient has a diagnosis of Dravet Syndrome supported by onset of seizures in the first year of life history of fever-induced prolonged seizures as determined by the Investigator these may prolonged (approximately 15 minutes or longer) hemi-clonic seizures multiple seizure types which may generalised tonic-clonic (required for inclusion) clonic (required for inclusion) myoclonic jerks/seizures history of normal development prior to seizure onset followed by development delay or regression after seizure onset


eligible ages (years): 50.0-90.0,  All  Memory Disorders Mild Cognitive Impairment Aging Age > 50 years old  Medical conditions that compromise survival or limit physical activity Geriatric Depression Scale-15 score of 6 or higher Alcohol intake > 4 units/day Mini Mental State Examination < 24 Clinical Dementia Rating score of 1 or more


eligible ages (years): 18.0-100.0,  All  Dementia dementia, controls(lumbar puncture at our department)  <18år other CNS disease


eligible ages (years): 18.0-80.0,  All  Parkinson Disease for Parkinson disease (PD) subjects with freezing of gait (FOG) Diagnosis of PD by United Kingdom Brain bank Hoehn & Yahr stage I-IV Levodopa treated and responsive Able to manage 12 hours off dopaminergic medication Age 18-80 years Presence of FOG by history and seen by examiner at their clinical office visit or in a video taken at home Able sign a consent document and willing to participate in all aspects of the study Able to have an MRI scan (no pacemakers or history of claustrophobia)  for Parkinson disease (PD) subjects with freezing of gait (FOG) Dementia that precludes completing study protocol Stage V PD unable to walk independently when "off" History of FOG without ever being seen to have it Atypical parkinsonism: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD), Vascular Parkinsonism Treatment with medications that cause parkinsonism: drug-induced parkinsonism Any neurological or orthopedic disorders that interfere with gait Treatment with medications that will interfere with NET-PET (norepinephrine transporter-positron emission tomography) ligand binding a. Noradrenergic drugs: methylphenidate, atomoxetine, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (e.g., venlafaxine)


eligible ages (years): 30.0-80.0,  All  Alzheimer's Disease Dementia 80years old Caregivers who spend their own time with dementia patients over 4 hours a day caregiver distress scores >= 2 caregivers of patients in Alzheimer's disease dementia ( mild to moderate stage of dementia, Mini-Mental Status Examination:10~26)  illiterate severe hearing/visual acuity difficulty cognitive impairment


eligible ages (years): 65.0-999.0,  All  Dementia Alzheimer Disease dementia  known comorbid cognitive or neurological impairments


eligible ages (years): 18.0-75.0,  All  Long QT Syndrome All Individuals Be a nonsmoker or consume < 20 cigarettes per day Have a calculated body mass index (BMI) from 18 to 36 kg/m^2, inclusive, at study screening Have either a normal 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) or one with abnormalities that are considered clinically insignificant by the investigator Screening labs within defined thresholds Individuals with mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment must also meet the following additional to be eligible for participation in this study Must have diagnosis of chronic (> 6 months), stable renal impairment with no clinically significant changes within 3 months (90 days) prior to study drug administration (Day 1) Individuals with severe renal impairment, creatinine clearance (CLcr) must be 15-29 mL/min, inclusive (using the Cockcroft-Gault method) based on serum creatinine and actual body weight as measured at the screening evaluation. If an individual's score changes during the course of the study, the score at screening will be used for classification Individuals with moderate renal impairment, CLcr must be 30-59 mL/min, inclusive (using the Cockcroft-Gault method) based on serum creatinine and actual body weight as measured at the screening evaluation. If an individual's score changes during the course of the study, the score at screening will be used for classification Individuals with mild renal impairment , CLcr must be 60-89, inclusive mL/min (using the Cockcroft-Gault method) based on serum creatinine and actual body weight as measured at the screening evaluation. If an individual's score changes during the course of the study, the score at screening will be used for classification  History of meningitis or encephalitis, epilepsy, seizures, migraines, tremors, myoclonic jerks, narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, anxiety, syncope, head injuries or a family history of seizures Presence or history of cardiovascular disease (including history of myocardial infarction based on ECG and/or clinical history, any history of ventricular tachycardia, congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, or left ventricular ejection fraction < 40%), cardiac conduction abnormalities, a family history of Long QT Syndrome, or unexplained death in an otherwise healthy individual between the ages of 1 and 30 years Syncope, palpitations, or unexplained dizziness Implanted defibrillator or pacemaker Medical history of renal carcinoma or hepatorenal syndrome Individuals receiving or anticipating use of hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or any other renal replacement therapy or other medical procedure that serves as a surrogate for renal function during the study Individuals with fluctuating or rapidly deteriorating renal function. Assessment of the stability of the individual's renal function will be determined by the investigator Renal allograft recipients Experienced hypertensive crisis, required the addition of ≥1 antihypertensive drug, or required more intensive antihypertensive therapy (eg, addition of a new drug class) in the last 3 months


eligible ages (years): 45.0-999.0,  All  COPD ESRD Dementia Age 45 years or older Current hospitalization of at least 3 calendar days Diagnosis of one or more of the following End-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with home oxygen dependence or 2 or more hospitalizations in the past 12 months Dementia admitted from a long-term care facility or prior placement of a surgical feeding tube or 2 or more additional hospitalizations in the past 12 months  Patients younger than 45 years old are excluded. The additional workload to screen patients younger than 45 years old is not justifiable given that only an extremely small percentage of people in this age range will have one of the three diagnoses of interest (ESRD, home oxygen dependent COPD, advanced dementia)


eligible ages (years): 60.0-999.0,  All  Cognitive Deterioration Subjects with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease according to (McKhann, Drachman et al. 1984) or typical or atypical Alzheimer's disease (Dubois B. et al. 2007) Score at Mini Mental Test (MMSE) ≥16 Subjects residing in nursing homes Subjects beneficiaries of a social security scheme Signature of free and informed consent  Failure to pass the neuropsychological tests because of a sensory or motor deficit Sensory deficit (olfactory or visual) preventing the patient made perfectly meet the therapeutic solutions Prescription of a new treatment psychotropic (hypnotic, anxiolytic, antidepressant, antipsychotic) in the week before the evaluation Persons deprived of liberty (administrative or judicial)


eligible ages (years): 6.0-12.0,  All  Duarte Galactosemia Healthy Children/Children with Duarte Galactosemia Age between 6-12 years Parents/Caregivers Primary caregiver to a child age between 6-12 years of age with/without Duarte Galactosemia  Chronic illness Any condition unrelated to Duarte Galactosemia but known to cause developmental problems Children who did not have the current parent/guardian as the primary caregiver when the child was an infant


eligible ages (years): 50.0-90.0,  All  Memory Disorders Mild Cognitive Impairment Alzheimer's Disease A diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI due to AD) by the patient's referring clinician per recent National Institutes of Aging-Alzheimer's Association (Albert et al., 2011) A diagnosis of mild Alzheimer's disease by the patient's referring clinician per recent National Institutes of Aging-Alzheimer's Association (McKhann et al., 2011) 90 years of age  Younger than the age of 50 or older than the age of 90 Any self-reported history of substance abuse or alcohol abuse Any self-reported history of prior head trauma (e.g., stroke, traumatic brain injury) Any prior self-reported history of significant depression or other mood disorder


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Dementia Patients aged 18 years and over Registered with a participating general practice during the study period Minimum one year of records prior to study entry meeting CPRD data quality Followed on or after 1 January 1997  Patients without recorded gender Less than 1 year of follow-up between study entry and date of administrative censoring


A 32-year-old male presents to your office complaining of diarrhea, abdominal cramping and flatulence. Stools are greasy and foul-smelling. He also has loss of appetite and malaise. He recently returned home from a hiking trip in the mountains where he drank water from natural sources.  An iodine-stained stool smear revealed ellipsoidal cysts with smooth, well-defined walls and 2+ nuclei.

eligible ages (years): 13.0-999.0,  All  Cryptosporidiosis HIV Infections Patients must have Documented HIV infection Intestinal cryptosporidiosis Willingness to undergo a 1 week washout phase of all anticryptosporidial medications and stabilization on a protocol directed, antidiarrheal regimen Greater than or equal to 4 stools per day, on average, for a minimum of 21 out of 28 days prior to study entry, secondary to cryptosporidiosis AS PER 2/10/97 Four or more stools per day, on average, during the 5-day screening period prior to baseline  Co-existing Condition Patients with the following symptoms and conditions are excluded Inability to tolerate oral medications Life expectancy less than 3 months in the opinion of the investigator Active CMV colitis, C. difficile colitis, giardiasis, salmonellosis, shigellosis, campylobacteriosis, inflammatory bowel disease, diarrhea secondary to another documented intestinal pathogen, or active or uncontrolled MAC disease, defined as symptomatic MAC disease and/or a patient who is not on appropriate anti-MAC therapy in the presence of MAC disease NOTE Patients who have been treated for MAC disease for at least 4 weeks and have resolved their symptoms may be enrolled. Patients dually infected with microsporidiosis may be randomized to the study but will not count toward the sample size AS PER 2/10/97 Failure to record a minimum of four days of information on the use of antidiarrheal medication and the frequency of bowel movements in the daily diary during the screening period Allergy to corn or corn products


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  HIV Infections Cytopenias Concurrent Treatment Allowed Minimal local irradiation for tumors Patients must have Diagnosis of AIDS or AIDS related complex (ARC) Neutropenia, due either to zidovudine (AZT) or HIV infection Life expectancy = or > 6 months  Co-existing Condition Patients with the following conditions or symptoms are excluded Significant malabsorption as defined by greater than 10 percent weight loss and one or more of the following Serum carotene less than 75 IU/ml Vitamin A level less than 75 IU/ml More than 4 foul-smelling or greasy stools per day Other of malabsorption Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) or other tumor which is likely to require specific antitumor therapy during study, other than minimal local irradiation Active, life-threatening infection with bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoan pathogens or fever of 39 degrees C within 10 days of study entry, unless it is apparent that the fever is not due to a severe underlying infection Concurrent Medication


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  HIV Infections Cytopenias Patients must have Serum antibody to HIV with or without evidence of HIV antigenemia White blood cells (WBC) = or < 4500 cells/mm3 measured on at least 2 occasions separated by a minimum of 1 week Qualifying indications for AZT therapy Life expectancy = or > 6 months  Co-existing Condition Patients with the following conditions or symptoms are excluded Current or past history of malignancy including Kaposi's sarcoma Excessive diarrhea or significant malabsorption If patients have had > 10 percent weight loss within the past 3 months, they should not have malabsorption as evidenced by serum carotene < 75 IU/ml, serum vitamin A < 75 IU/ml, significant malabsorption 4 foul-smelling or greasy stools per day or other criteria Currently hospitalized or hospitalized within the last 4 weeks for the treatment of opportunistic infection (IO) Less than 1 week since completing treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) Active OI requiring systemic treatment Evidence of nutritional deficiencies that may contribute to anemia and/or leukopenia Concurrent Medication


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Protozoan Infections HIV Infections Concurrent Medication Required If coincident enteric pathogens that are not eradicable (i.e., Mycobacterium avium complex) are detected, they should be treated appropriately and the patient must be on a stable regimen of therapy for at least two weeks Allowed Patients taking antidiarrheal medications must be on a stable regimen for at least seven days prior to randomization Patients taking other concomitant medications, including antiretrovirals, must be on a stable regimen for two weeks prior to randomization Patients must have HIV positive status. Written documentation (for example, patient's chart) of HIV diagnosis is acceptable in lieu of repeat testing. Confirmation by Western blot is not necessary Biopsy-proven microsporidiosis of the fourth portion of the duodenum or proximal jejunum within 90 days before randomization Average of > 3 liquid bowel movements per day over 7 consecutive days immediately prior to randomization, with an average volume > 500 ml per day over three or more consecutive days immediately prior to randomization, as documented by data collected in a daily diary. NOTE  Co-existing Condition Patients with the following symptoms or conditions are excluded Grade 4 neutropenia Decompensated liver disease Positive toxin analysis for C. difficile Positive microscopic examination for Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Isospora belli Positive on culture for Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia and Campylobacter Positive fluorescent antibody test for Cryptosporidium Evidence of CMV on small bowel biopsy, flexible sigmoidoscopic or colonoscopic biopsies within 90 days of randomization Any other condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, makes the patient unsuitable for study entry


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Cryptosporidiosis HIV Infections Concurrent Medication Allowed Antidiarrheal compounds (if dose remains stable) Zidovudine (AZT), dideoxyinosine (ddI), dideoxycytidine (ddC), or alternative HIV therapy (provided dose was stable for at least 4 weeks prior to study entry) Patients must have AIDS Cryptosporidium parvum enteritis Chronic diarrhea Life expectancy of at least 4 weeks Ability to tolerate food by mouth  Co-existing Condition Patients with the following symptoms or conditions are excluded Concurrent unresolved clinical infections with enteric pathogens other than C. parvum (e.g., rotavirus, Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Giardia, C. difficile toxin, Yersinia, amebiasis, MAI, CMV, Microsporida) as determined by history or routine microbiology screening Other acute infections or concurrent immediately life-threatening medical crisis other than cryptosporidiosis Grossly bloody diarrhea Known allergy to milk or milk products (other than lactose intolerance) Prior Medication Excluded Other experimental therapy (e.g., macrolide antibiotics, paromomycin) within 30 days prior to study entry


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  HIV Infections Patients must have AIDS diagnosis according to CDC criteria CD4 count less than or equal to 200 cells/mm3 or CD4 count greater than or equal to 200 cells/mm3 and documented cryptosporidiosis for a minimum of 4 weeks Cryptosporidial diarrhea as defined by (1) presence of Cryptosporidium oocytes in a stool specimen within 14 days of enrollment; and (2) chronic diarrhea (i.e., an average of at least 4 bowel movements per day for a minimum of 2 weeks) Life expectancy of at least 1 month Ability to tolerate food by mouth Prior Medication Required Any anti-diarrheal or anti-emetic medication for which the dosage regimen has been stable for at least 1 week prior to enrollment  Co-existing Condition Patients with the following symptoms or conditions are excluded Grade 4 (hematologic) or Grade 3 (for all others) toxicity. (Patients with Grade 3 toxicity for hepatic parameters may be enrolled if, in the investigator's judgment, the abnormalities are due to biliary cryptosporidiosis.) Patients with the following prior conditions are excluded Presence of Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Microsporidia, Isospora, Cyclospora, or Clostridium difficile toxin in stool (based on assessment within 14 days prior to enrollment by stool ova and parasite examination, culture, and C. difficile assay) History of intestinal Mycobacterium avium intracellular infection or intestinal Kaposi's sarcoma History of Cytomegalovirus colitis, unless 28 days of therapy with ganciclovir or foscarnet completed subsequent to diagnosis Prior Medication Excluded Investigational drug therapy within 14 days of enrollment, unless available under an FDA-authorized expanded access program


eligible ages (years): 55.0-999.0,  All  Diarrhea Gastrointestinal Diseases years or older primary source of drinking water used at home is supplied by Sonoma County Water Agency without use of home filtration device or bottled water all individuals living in the home must sign informed consent and agree to have the water treatment device installed no known immunocompromising conditions (including HIV/AIDS, active cancer, or transplant recipients)  persons with immunocompromising condition (including HIV/AIDS, active cancer, or transplant recipients) employees and family members of the Sonoma County Water Agency or a Sonoma County Water District


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Vaginosis, Bacterial Premature Birth Birth Weight Chorioamnionitis African American, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, Native American, and white women  Women with a prior preterm delivery, multiple gestation, chronic hypertension or pre-existing diabetes, antibiotic use before enrollment in the study, allergy to metronidazole, history of alcohol abuse in past year, and women under age 18


eligible ages (years): 6.0-17.0,  All  Crohn Disease Between the ages of 6 and 17 years Have had Crohn's disease diagnosed for at least 3 months prior to screening, with gastritis, duodenitis, colitis, ileitis, or ileocolitis, previously confirmed by endoscopy and biopsy Have active Crohn's disease despite adequate current treatment with an immunomodulator (ie, AZA, 6-MP, or MTX)  Disease complications for which surgery might be indicated Surgery for bowel diversion with placement of a stoma within 3 months prior to screening Positive stool examination for enteric pathogens including Giardia lamblia, Clostridium difficile, Shigella species, and Salmonella species


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer Gallbladder Cancer Liver Cancer Diagnosis of cancer of the biliary tract by 1 of the following methods Histologic confirmation Stenosis of the biliary tract by MRI, CT scan, or ECHO Unresectable disease Amenable to radiotherapy No visceral metastases by imaging Hepatic adenopathies that can be included in a radiation field allowed No known ampulla of Vater or pancreatic cancer involving the biliary tract WHO performance status 0-2 Creatinine < 1.5 mg/dL


eligible ages (years): 18.0-55.0,  All  Healthy Healthy male subjects Caucasian origin Age: between 18 and 55 years (inclusive) Body mass index (BMI) within 18-30 kg/m² Body weight at least 50 kg, at most 100 kg Non-smoker (or ex-smoker ≥1 year), proven by urine cotinine <500 ng/ml Clinically acceptable supine blood pressure and pulse rate, i.e. BP 100-145 mmHg systolic, 60-90 mmHg diastolic and pulse rate 50-100 bpm Normal ECG Participants must perform an adequate contraception during the study and until 6 months after the last dose of the present trial Ability to communicate well with the investigator and comply with the requirements of the entire study  Subjects with contraindications for budesonide Subjects with contraindications for metronidazole History or current clinical evidence of any cardiac, cardio-vascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, (cholangio-)hepatic, renal, endocrine, neurological, musculoskeletal, ophthalmological, infectious, haematological, oncological, psychiatric, or other acute or chronic diseases and/or pathological findings which might interfere with the drugs' safety, tolerability, absorption and/or pharmacokinetics History or current evidence of clinically relevant allergies or idiosyncrasy to drugs or food Clinically relevant abnormalities in clinical chemical, hematological or any other laboratory variables Current smoker or ex-smoker ≤ 1 year Excessive alcohol consumption (³ 35 g/day in males) Abuse of drugs Positive drug screening Positive anti-HIV-test, HBsAg-test or anti-HCV-test


eligible ages (years): 2.0-5.0,  All  Helminthiasis Criteria:The are age of the child is 2-5 years old he/she has not been suffering from serious chronic illness the child stool test must be positive for STH he/she had not been taken any antehelminthic drug in the previous six months parents/guardian are agree for their child participation in the study. e -  age of the child less than 2 years old and more than 5 years old his/her stool test negative for any intestinal helminth he/she has been suffering from serious chronic illness parents/guardian are not willing to give consent for their child's participation in the study if he/she receives any antehelminthic drug after survey but before the study interventions


eligible ages (years): 0.75-3.0,  All  Cryptosporidiosis Male and female children aged 9-36 months at the time of enrollment Presence of acute or persistent diarrhea (diarrhea defined as 3 or more loose stool in the previous 24 hours AND not considered normal for that child if the child is exclusively breast fed OR any number of bloody stools in the previous 24 hours; less than or equal to 14 days duration for acute diarrhea; >14 days duration for persistent diarrhea) Child's parent/guardian speaks English or Luganda Parent/guardian provides full and free informed consent for child to participate in study  Unknown age Known cardiac, CNS, metabolic or endocrine disorders Moribund children Children with recent history of choking or sudden onset of symptoms with suspected foreign body inhalation


eligible ages (years): 18.0-75.0,  All  Known or Suspected Focal Liver Lesions Patients between 18 and 75 years of age inclusive Patients (men or women) with at least one focal liver lesion, either identified or suspected by ultrasound (US), Computed Tomography (CT)/spiral-CT, conventional angiography, CT-angiography (CTA), CT-arterioportography (CTAP) or unenhanced / contrast-enhanced MRI* within 2 months before entering the study For reference, the following pathologies will meet the definition of 'focal liver lesions' Hepatocellular carcinoma Cholangiole carcinoma Metastasis Focal lymphoma Adenoma Focal nodular hyperplasia Hemangioma  Patients who have previously entered this study Patients who have received any contrast material within 24 hours before injection with study drug, or who are scheduled to receive any contrast material within 24 hours after injection Patients who are, or suspected to be, nursing Patients who require emergency treatment Patients with severely impaired hepatic or renal functions (e.g. serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) twice the upper limit of reference range, acute renal failure) Patients who are clinically unstable and whose clinical course during the observation period is unpredictable (e.g. due to previous surgery, acute myocardial infarction) Patients with any physical or mental status that interferes with the signing of informed consent Patients with known anaphylactoid or anaphylactic reaction to any contrast media or hypersensitivity to any allergen including drugs Patients with a contraindication for MRI Patients who are scheduled for liver biopsy/surgery or other surgeries within 24 hours after injection with contrast media, or who would have a biopsy within 24 hours before planned injection with contrast media


eligible ages (years): 18.0-50.0,  All  Bacterial Vaginosis All women of between 18-50 years of age Confirmed current diagnosis of BV using Amsel's criteria Women with at least total 2 confirmed episodes of BV including most recent episode (by Amsel's criteria) within a six month period or at least total three or more in the past twelve months  Patient who received antibiotic therapy within the past two weeks Patients who had co-existing gonorrhea or Chlamydia infection Any contraindications or sensitivity to taking the vaginal gel Allergy to metronidazole Alcoholics or those unable to abstain from alcohol consumption Pregnancy


eligible ages (years): 18.0-45.0,  All  Travelers' Diarrhea Male or female between 18 and 45 years of age, inclusive General good health, without significant medical illness, abnormal physical examination findings or clinical laboratory abnormalities as determined by principal investigator (PI) or PI in consultation with the medical monitor and Sponsor Demonstrate comprehension of the protocol procedures and knowledge of ETEC illness by passing a written examination (pass grade ≥ 70%) Willing to participate after informed consent obtained Available for entire inpatient portion of study and all outpatient study visits Negative serum pregnancy test at screening (initial visit and day -7 to and a negative urine pregnancy test on the day of admission to the inpatient phase for female subjects of childbearing potential. Females of childbearing potential must agree to use an efficacious hormonal or barrier method of birth control during the study. Alternatively, abstinence alone is acceptable. Female subjects who are unable to bear children must provide supporting documentation (e.g., prior tubal ligation or hysterectomy)  Presence of a significant medical condition, (e.g., psychiatric conditions or gastrointestinal disease, such as peptic ulcer, symptoms or evidence of active gastritis or gastroesophageal reflux disease, inflammatory bowel disease, alcohol or illicit drug abuse/dependency), or other laboratory abnormalities which in the opinion of the investigator precludes participation in the study Immunosuppressive illness or IgA deficiency (below the normal limits) Positive serology results for HIV, HBsAg, or HCV antibodies Significant abnormalities in screening laboratory hematology, serum chemistry, urinalysis, as determined by PI or PI in consultation with the medical monitor and Sponsor Allergy to fluoroquinolones, cotrimoxazole, or ampicillin/penicillin (excluded if allergic to two of three) Fewer than 3 stools per week or more than 3 stools per day as the usual frequency; loose or liquid stools other than on an occasional basis History of diarrhea in the 2 weeks prior to planned inpatient phase Regular use of laxatives or any agent that increases gastric pH (regular defined as at least weekly) Use of antibiotics during the 7 days before bacterial dosing or proton pump inhibitors, H2 blockers, or antacids within 48 hours of dosing Travel to countries where ETEC or cholera infection is endemic (most of the developing world) within two years prior to dosing


eligible ages (years): 0.75-1.0,  All  Cholera Diarrhea Vibrio Infections Healthy male and female infants aged 9 months will be recruited from Vellore, India and Dhaka, Bangladesh All subjects must satisfy the following at study entry Male or female infants aged 9 months whose parents or primary caretaker have given the written informed consent prior to study entry Will comply with the requirements of the protocol (i.e. available for follow-up visits and specimen collection) Healthy subjects as determined by Medical history Physical examination Clinical judgment of the investigator  Parents or primary caregiver are unwilling or unable to give written informed consent to participate in the study Ongoing serious chronic disease Immunocompromising condition or therapy Abdominal pain or cramps, loss of appetite, nausea, general ill-feeling or vomiting in the past 24 hours Intake of any anti-diarrheal medicine in the past week Acute disease one week prior to enrollment, with or without fever. Temperature ≥38ºC (oral) or axillary temperature ≥ 37.5ºC warrants deferral of the vaccination pending recovery of the subject Receipt of antibiotics in the past 2 weeks Receipt of live or killed enteric vaccine in the last 4 weeks Diarrhea (3 or more loose stools within a 24-hour period) 6 weeks prior to enrollment One or two episodes of diarrhea lasting for more than 2 weeks in the past 6 months


eligible ages (years): 7.0-60.0,  All  Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Steatorrhea Malabsorption Syndromes Cystic Fibrosis Have a diagnosis of CF documented by sweat chloride results (>60 mmol/L) and require pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) to control clinical symptoms of EPI (nausea, vomiting, bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal pain) with a history of excess fat in the feces Have documentation of an abnormal COA-fat and a fecal elastase result of <100 micrograms fecal elastase/gram stool Must be on a stable diet and dose of pancreatic enzyme supplementation that has provided satisfactory symptom control for at least the past 1 month  No extreme physical wasting with loss of weight and muscle mass No severe, acute, or chronic pulmonary disease unrelated to complications of CF No worsening of pulmonary disease in past 30 days No use of drugs known to affect blood uric acid concentrations (e.g., aspirin, diflunisal, allopurinol, probenecid, thiazide diuretics, phenylbutazone, sulfinpyrazone) No known congenital (present at birth) abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract, heart, or liver No distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-45.0,  All  Cholera Vibrio Infections Diarrhea HIV-seropositive, non-pregnant adults, aged 18 years old who have been on standard highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for at least 6 months prior to enrollment or who have never started HAART regimen will be recruited in the study All subjects must satisfy the following at study entry Male and female HIV seropositive adults aged 18 to 45 years old who have given the written informed consent Will comply with the requirements of the protocol (i.e. available for follow-up visits and specimen collection) CD4 T-lymphocyte count >500/mm3 for at least 6 months prior to Subjects that have never started HAART regimen must satisfy the following additional at study entry Asymptomatic HIV infection as determined by: Medical history, Physical examination, Laboratory tests, Clinical judgment of the investigator Subjects that have been on standard highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for at least 6 months prior to enrollment must satisfy the following additional at study entry History of CD4 nadir >150/mm3  The following should be checked at the time of study entry, if any of the following is present then the subject will be excluded from the study Overt signs of immunodeficiency e.g. oral thrush, rapid weight loss, recurrent pneumonia (i.e. Stage 3 or 4 of the WHO clinical staging system for HIV infection and disease in adults and adolescents Ongoing serious chronic illness (e.g. with signs of cardiac or renal failure) Abdominal pain or cramps, loss of appetite, nausea, general ill-feeling or vomiting in the past 24 hours Presence of V. cholerae 01 or 0139, Shigella, or Cryptosporidium in stool at baseline Intake of any anti-diarrhoeal medicine in the past week Acute disease one week prior to enrollment, with or without fever. Temperature ≥38ºC (oral or otic) warrants deferral of the vaccination pending recovery of the subject Receipt of antibiotics in the past 2 weeks Receipt of live or killed enteric vaccine in the last 4 weeks Receipt of killed oral cholera vaccine in the past


eligible ages (years): 18.0-40.0,  All  Bacterial Vaginosis women 18-40 yrs old abnormal vaginal discharge or malodor positive QuickVue test positive KOH whiff test Positive finding of clue cells greater than or equal to 20% on wet mount Able to give informed consent willing to abstain from alcohol during the 5 day therapy and 1 day following  immunocompromised women symptomatic VVC pregnancy or positive pregnancy test menstruating or breastfeeding women other oral or vaginal antifungal or antimicrobial drugs w/in past 2 wks women with MPC, PID


eligible ages (years): 14.0-50.0,  All  Clotrimazole Ovulen Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Non-pregnant females aged at least 14 years in Germany or at least 16 years in Russia and not older than 50 years Subjects presenting a symptomatic vulvovaginal yeast infection confirmed by microscopic evaluation (wet mount preparation) Subjects must be cooperative, able to understand the requirements of the trial participation, and willing to participate in the trial. For adolescents the informed consent has to be provided to a legal representative in addition Subjects of childbearing potential must use an acceptable method of contraception. Hormonal or oral contraceptive drugs, intra-uterine devices (IUD) and abstinence are considered acceptable methods of contraception Negative saline smear for Trichomonas vaginalis  Subjects with known hypersensitivity to imidazoles or triazoles and their analogues Subjects presenting a protozoan infection as confirmed by microscopic investigation Pregnant, breast feeding or lactating subjects Subjects with suspected bacterial vaginal infection Subjects with abdominal pain, fever, or foul smelling vaginal discharge Subjects who had a vaginal infection, or who had used an intravaginal or systemic antimycotic treatment within 60 days prior to visit 1 Subjects using or wishing to use intra-vaginal or systemic anti-infectives or systemic antifungal therapy during the trial Subjects wishing to use contraceptive foams, creams, jellies, sponges, therapeutic ointments, condoms, diaphragms, and OTC vaginal products during treatment and 3 days thereafter (i.e. until day 4) Subjects unable to refrain from the use of vaginal tampons during treatment and for 3 days thereafter (i.e. until day 4) Subjects unable to refrain from the use of feminine hygiene products (e.g. douches, feminine deodorant products) for 2 weeks (i.e. from visit 1 until visit 2)


eligible ages (years): 65.0-999.0,  All  Aged Subject (male or female) is at least 65 years of age Subject has a Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI)of 92 or over Subject has Body Mass Index (BMI) > 20.0 but <30.0 Subject is ambulatory Subject agrees to maintain current activity level  Subject has undergone major surgery, less than 4 weeks prior to enrollment in the study Subject has current active malignant disease, except basal or squamous cell skin carcinoma or carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix Subject has stated immunodeficiency disorder Subject has stated history of diabetes Subject has stated presence of partial or full artificial limb Subject has stated kidney disease Subject has stated history of uncontrollable hypertension Subject had myocardial infarction within the last 3 months Subject had recent antibiotic use (within 1 week prior to screening) Subject has a history of allergy to any of the ingredients in the study products


eligible ages (years): 18.0-40.0,  All  Healthy Males Only healthy male volunteers in the 18-40 age range will be included At the selection visit allowed normal range for vital signs will be: Blood pressure (with the subject sitting down) 90-130mm Hg systolic and 60-90 The volunteers' health condition will be determined from their complete clinical history by doctors at the clinical research site and lab test results by certified clinical laboratories mm Hg diastolic, heart rate 55-100 bpm , respiratory rate 14-20 respirations per minute  Evidence or history of clinically significant hematological, renal, endocrine, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, hepatic, psychiatric, neurologic, or allergic (including drug allergies, but excluding untreated, asymptomatic, seasonal allergies at time of dosing) disease or clinical findings at Screening Treatment with a PDE-5 inhibitor within the 4 days preceding the first dose of study medication History of hypersensitivity to sildenafil citrate or any components of its formulations


eligible ages (years): 18.0-55.0,  All  Healthy Volunteers Healthy subjects Weight: BMI from 17.5 to 30.5  Evidence or history of clinically significant hematological, renal, endocrine, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, hepatic, psychiatric, neurologic, or allergic disease (including drug allergies, but excluding untreated, asymptomatic, seasonal allergies at time of dosing) A positive urine drug screen


eligible ages (years): 18.0-55.0,  All  Healthy Volunteers Healthy male and/or female subjects (Healthy is defined as no clinically relevant abnormalities identified by a detailed medical history, full physical examination, including blood pressure and pulse rate measurement, 12-lead ECG and clinical laboratory tests) Body Mass Index (BMI) of 18 to 26 kg/m2; and a total body weight >50 kg (110 lbs)  Evidence or history of clinically significant hematological, renal, endocrine, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, hepatic, psychiatric, neurologic, or allergic disease (including drug allergies, but excluding untreated, asymptomatic, seasonal allergies at time of dosing) A positive urine drug screen


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Traveler's Diarrhea Male and female patients 18 years of age or older Female and male patients of child-bearing potential must agree to use an effective method of birth control (this method must be approved by the investigator and may total abstinence from sexual intercourse) during the treatment and follow-up study periods; female patients of child-bearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test in the 72 hours before randomization; female patients who abstain totally from sexual intercourse are not required to take the pregnancy test Recent travel (i.e., must be within 30 days of randomization) from an industrialized country Experiencing signs or symptoms indicative of acute bacterial diarrhea (travelers' diarrhea), defined as at least three unformed, watery or soft, stools within the 24 hours preceding randomization and the duration of illness ≤ 72 hours before randomization, and able to provide an unformed stool sample during Screening (the latter can be the third unformed stool passed by the patient within the 24 hours preceding randomization); the bacterial cause of diarrhea will be confirmed by microbiology analysis of the stool sample Experiencing one or more signs or symptoms of enteric infection (moderate to severe gas/flatulence, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps or pain, rectal tenesmus, or defecation urgency) Capable of and willing to give informed consent  Fever (> 100.4ºF or 38ºC) or presence of signs and symptoms of systemic infection Note: antipyretic medication should not be administered in the 6 hours before this assessment Known or suspected infection with non-bacterial pathogen before randomization Presence of diarrhea for >72 hours duration Presence of grossly bloody stool Presence of moderate to severe dehydration (i.e., presence of orthostatic hypotension and/or dehydration requiring treatment with intravenous fluids) History of ulcerative colitis, diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, celiac sprue (gluten-enteropathy), chronic pancreatitis, malabsorption, or any other gastrointestinal disease associated with diarrhea. Note: lactose intolerance treated with lactase supplements or a lactose-free diet are not excluded if these regimens are maintained during the study Receiving more than two doses of an antidiarrheal medication (e.g., antimotility, absorbent, adsorbent, antisecretory, or probiotics) within 24 hours before randomization Receiving one or more of the following antibiotics within 7 days before randomization, which are active against gram negative bacteria trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolone, azithromycin or rifaximin Females pregnant or breast feeding or not using adequate birth control


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Proctitis Adults, male and female, 18 to 65 years of age 2. Active, mild to moderate UP, with disease activity not to exceed 15 cm beyond the anal verge: the upper disease boundary will be confirmed by flexible sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy performed within 14 days of the Baseline Visit 3. Newly diagnosed or newly relapsed UP, where newly relapsed UP is defined as UP that has relapsed within less than and equal to 6 weeks prior to the Baseline Visit 4. A Disease Activity Index (DAI) score greater than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 10 at the Baseline Visit; the DAI must a Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) sub-score of less than or equal to 2, a rectal bleeding sub-score of greater than or equal to 1 and a mucosal appearance sub-score of greater than or equal to 1 5. Histological confirmation of UP with a Histological Disease Activity Score > or equal to 1 for the biopsy taken from the most severe area of disease during the flexible sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy performed within 14 days of the Baseline Visit 6. For female patients of child-bearing potential, a negative serum pregnancy test at the Screening Visit and a negative urine pregnancy test at the Baseline Visit; all female patients will be considered of child-bearing potential unless they are post-menopausal for at least one year or have been surgically sterilized (bilateral tubal ligation, bilateral oophorectomy, or hysterectomy) 7. Female patients of childbearing potential must be practicing one of the following methods of birth control and must agree to continue with regimen throughout the study: hormonal methods such as oral, implantable, injectable, or transdermal contraceptives for a minimum of one full cycle (based on the patient's usual menstrual cycle period) before investigational product administration; total abstinence from sexual intercourse (since the last menses before investigational product administration); intrauterine device; double barrier method (condoms, sponge, diaphragm, or vaginal ring with spermicidal jellies or cream); Male patients must also agree to use acceptable methods of birth control with their female partners, and this may use of a male condom plus spermicide. 8. Ability to give written informed consent 9. Ability and willingness to comply with study requirements, including dosing procedures, diary completion, and study visits  Known history of allergic reaction or clinically significant intolerance to aspirin or salicylate derivatives (including mesalamine) or non-active ingredients of the investigational product 2. Onset of UP relapse >6 weeks prior to the Baseline Visit for patients experiencing a relapse of their UP (i.e., patients who are not newly diagnosed) 3. Severe UP as defined by a DAI score of greater than or equal to 11 or a PGA sub-score of 3 4. Histological Disease Activity Score > or equal to 1 for the biopsy taken from the normal tissue above the disease margin during the flexible sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy performed within 14 days of the Baseline Visit 5. UP with disease involvement greater than 15 cm beyond the anal verge as confirmed on flexible sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy 6. Prior unsuccessful treatment of active UP or active ulcerative colitis with rectally administered mesalamine preparations of any strength 7. Any prior treatment of UP or ulcerative colitis with any oral 5-aminosalicylic acid product if used at >2 g/day, regardless of treatment outcome 8. Use of local, rectally administered therapies for UP or ulcerative colitis (e.g., suppositories or enemas containing mesalamine, etc.) within 30 days of the Baseline Visit 9. Use of any of the following medications Biological therapies (e.g., infliximab) within 90 days of the Baseline Visit Immunosuppressive/immunomodulating (e.g., azathioprine) medications within 90 days of the Baseline Visit Oral, intravenous, intramuscular, or rectally administered corticosteroids within 30 days of the Baseline Visit; the use of intranasal and/or inhaled corticosteroids is permitted Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid products within 7 days of the Baseline Visit, if used at & less than or equal to 2 g/day Oral, intravenous, or intramuscular antibiotics within 7 days of the Baseline Visit Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) within 7 days of the Baseline Visit; low-dose aspirin (less than or equal to 325 mg/day) taken for cardio-protective reasons is permitted Antidiarrheals, antispasmodics, and iron therapy within 7 days of the Baseline Visit Transdermal nicotine products within 7 days of the Baseline Visit 10. A change in regimen (i.e., dosage or frequency of use) of permitted medications within 30 days of the Baseline Visit, or any plans to change the regimen during the course of this study 11. Use or treatment with an investigational drug, therapy, or device within 30 days of the Baseline Visit 12. A planned change in tobacco usage (e.g., smoking, oral tobacco) during the study 13. Female patients who are pregnant, planning a pregnancy, or who are breastfeeding 14. Diseases interfering with the DAI assessment, including but not limited to, hemorrhoids and anal fissures 15. History of Crohn Disease, short bowel syndrome, or bowel surgery (except appendectomy), or active peptic ulcer 16. A positive stool culture for enteric pathogens (Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Campylobacter, Vibrio, E. coli O157/H7), detection of Clostridium difficile toxin through immunoassay, or enteric parasites and their ova (including Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba histolytica) on routine microscopy at the Screening Visit 17. Significant impairment of renal or hepatic function, as defined by any of the following Creatinine >1.5 x Upper Limit Normal (ULN)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-55.0,  All  Healthy Volunteers Healthy male and/or female literate subjects (Healthy is defined as no clinically relevant abnormalities identified by a detailed medical history, full physical examination, including blood pressure and pulse rate measurement, 12-lead ECG and clinical laboratory tests) Body Mass Index (BMI) of 17.5 to 26.4 kg/m2; and a total body weight >50 kg (110 lbs)  Evidence or history of clinically significant hematological, renal, endocrine, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, hepatic, psychiatric, neurologic, or allergic disease (including drug allergies, but excluding untreated, asymptomatic, seasonal allergies at time of dosing) A positive urine drug screen


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Functional Dyspepsia Gastric Emptying Gastric Accommodation All adult male or non-pregnant female patients who are diagnosed as functional dyspepsia and fulfilling Rome III (1) will be considered Patients should be negative for H. pylori on gastric biopsy and Urea Breath Test duodenal biopsy in these patients should be negative for giardiasis or celiac disease or any other established organic pathology A normal upper abdominal ultrasound Willing to participate and give consent for participation in the study  Age <18 years Helicobacter Pylori positive on gastric biopsy and / or UBT Taking other medications that alter gastric motility like macrolide anti-emetics and antibiotics  Pregnant or breast-feeding females


eligible ages (years): 1.0-999.0,  All  Cholera Diarrhoea Vibrio Infection Healthy, non-pregnant adults aged 18 years and above and healthy children aged 1 will be recruited in Kolkata Males or non-pregnant females aged 18 years and above and children aged 1 -17 years who the investigator believes will comply with the requirements of the protocol (i.e. available for follow-up visits and specimen collection) Written informed consent obtained from the subjects or their parents/guardians, and written assent for children aged 12 years Healthy subjects as determined by Medical history Physical examination Clinical judgment of the investigator  Ongoing serious chronic disease For females of reproductive age: Pregnancy (or females planning to become pregnant during the study period; as determined by verbal screening) Immunocompromising condition or therapy (for corticosteroids this would mean ≥0.5 mg/kg/day) Diarrhea (3 or more loose/watery stools within a 24-hour period) 6 weeks prior to enrollment One or two episodes of diarrhea lasting for more than 2 weeks in the past 6 months One or two episodes of abdominal pain lasting for more than 2 weeks in the past 6 months Intake of any anti-diarrhea medicine in the past week Abdominal pain or cramps, loss of appetite, nausea, general ill-feeling or vomiting in the past 24 hours Acute disease one week prior to enrollment, with or without fever. Temperature ≥38ºC warrants deferral of the vaccination pending recovery of the subject Receipt of immunoglobulin or any blood product during the past 3 months


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Peritonsillar Abscess referring doctor suspects peritonsillar abscess patient is voluntary patient has daily access to his/her e-mail patient speaks and understands Finnish of Swedish female patients have adequate birth-control method patient has peritonsillar abscess  allergy to penicillin allergy to metronidazole use of metronidazole in preceding one month pregnancy breast-feeding renal insufficiency liver insufficiency alcoholism (drunk at least once a week) participant in another clinical trial at the moment treatment of peritonsillar abscess requires in-patient care


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Focal Nodular Hyperplasia of Liver Toxic Liver Disease With Focal Nodular Hyperplasia Liver Metastases patients diagnosed with de novo FLL at standard ultrasound age > 18 years, male and female gender informed consent for the contrast enhanced study  patients with contraindication for contrast enhanced study: subjects with acute cardiac infarction, with class III/IV cardiac insufficiency, with rhythm disorders and pregnant women Patients diagnosed with simple cysts at standard ultrasound (biliary of hydatid) Patients with known FLL, for example after percutaneous treatment, in which the contrast study is used for the follow up of the patient


eligible ages (years): 0.0-99.0,  All  Cystic Fibrosis Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Pancreatic Diseases Digestive System Diseases Patients who receive LipaCreon for the replacement of pancreatic digestive enzymes in pancreatic exocrine insufficiency due to cystic fibrosis  Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to the ingredient of LipaCreon Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to porcine protein


eligible ages (years): 18.0-50.0,  All  Healthy Provision of signed and dated, written informed consent prior to any study-specific procedures Healthy male and female subjects aged 18 to 50 years (inclusive) with suitable veins for cannulation or repeated venipuncture; female subjects must be post menopausal or surgically sterile Male subjects should be willing to use barrier contraception ie, condoms, from the first day of the investigational product administration until 3 months after the last administration of the investigational product Have a body mass index (BMI) between 19 and 30 kg/m2 Be able to understand and willing to comply with study procedures, restrictions, and requirements, as judged by the Investigator  History of any clinically significant disease or disorder which, in the opinion of the Investigator, may either put the subject at risk because of participation in the study, or influence the results or the subject's ability to participate in the study History or presence of gastrointestinal, hepatic or renal disease, or any other condition known to interfere with absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of drugs Known history of serious allergy, hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis), or any serious reaction to carbapenem or cephalosporin antibiotics or other beta-actam antibiotics or any other investigational product to be administered as part of the study Any clinically significant illness, medical/surgical procedure or trauma within 4 weeks prior to the first administration of investigational product Any clinically significant abnormalities in physical examination, ECG, clinical chemistry, haematology, or urinalysis results, as judged by the Investigator


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea Male and female patients 18 years of age or older Mild to moderate C.difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) with a positive stool C.difficile toxin (by ELISA) Either a first episode of CDAD or a first recurrence (patients with more than 1 recurrence are not eligible) Greater than 3 watery or unformed bowel movements in the prior 24 hours Females of child bearing potential having a negative pregnancy test and taking adequate birth control measures Patients should not consume alcohol at least 12 hours prior to dosing (i.e. in-house monitoring) and until 48 hours after the last dose of drug administration (until Day 14) Able to comprehend and give informed consent for the study and able to adhere to study schedules and protocol requirements  Known prior history of hypersensitivity to metronidazole or other nitroimidazole derivatives Life expectancy ≤ 60 days Sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock Signs or symptoms of peritonitis, megacolon or ileus History of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease Oral or parenteral antibiotic therapy with metronidazole or vancomycin or other drugs effective in treating DCAD (e.g., bacitracin, fusidic acid) within the 1 week prior to enrollment Recent history of significant drug or alcohol abuse within 1 year Any findings on physical examination, medical history, 12-lead ECG or clinical laboratory tests which, in the judgment of the Principal Investigator, would patients from participating in the study Patients with history of blood dyscrasias, porphyria and active non-infectious disease of the central nervous system Patients with history of rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption


eligible ages (years): 0.0-63.0,  All  Malnutrition Diarrhea Child Development (1) Infants (target child) will be eligible to participate in the study if they are They are in utero at the baseline survey Their parents/guardians are planning to stay in the study village for the next 12 months (if a mother is planning to give birth at her natal home and then return, she will still be a candidate for enrollment) (2) Children < 36 months old at baseline that are living in the compound of a target child will be eligible to participate in diarrhea measurement if They are < 36 months old at the baseline survey Their parents/guardians are planning to stay in the study village for the next 12 months (3) Children 18 months old at baseline that are living in the compound of a target child will be eligible to participate in intestinal parasite specimen collection if They are 18 months old at the baseline survey


eligible ages (years): 18.0-70.0,  All  Acute Bacterial Infections Acute Viral Infections current acute infection age 18-70 male or female any race currently active symptoms


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Malnutrition Diarrhea Child Development Study Population Description The subject population will be young children and their mothers/guardians living in several contiguous districts of Western Province, in the rural areas outside the towns of Bungoma and Kakamega. Communities must meet the following Located in a rural area (defined as villages with <25% residents living in rental houses, <2 gas/petrol stations and <10 shops) Not enrolled in ongoing WASH or nutrition programs No chlorine dispensers at water sources installed by programs separate from the present study Majority (>80%) of households do not have access to piped water into the home At least six eligible pregnant women in the cluster at baseline From enrolled communities, household compounds will be enrolled if they meet the following criteria One or more women who self-identify as pregnant at the time of the baseline survey The woman plans to stay in the community for the next 12 months  (1) The study excludes households who do not own their home to help mitigate attrition during follow-up


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Newly Diagnosed High-Grade Glioma Patients must have histologically confirmed newly diagnosed high-grade glioma(WHO Grade III or IV) Age ≥18 years Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) ≥ 60% Life expectancy greater than 12 weeks Patients must have adequate organ and marrow function Completed >80% of the prescribed radiation therapy and concurrent temozolomide according to the Stupp regimen without grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity Patients may have received Gliadel during surgery Ability to swallow pills and keep medication record women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) for the duration of study participation Ability to understand and willingness to sign a written informed consent document  Patients must not have received prior therapy other than standard chemoradiation according to Stupp et al and Gliadel Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents while on study Patients who have known allergy to mebendazole or benzimidazole Patients who have previously had a severe side effect, such as agranulocytosis and neutropenia, in conjunction with previous mebendazole or benzimidazole class drug for a parasitic infection Patients who are taking metronidazole and cannot be safely moved to a different antibiotic greater than 7 days prior to starting mebendazole therapy Patients who have taken any benzimidazole (ABZ, flubendazole, thiabendazole, fenbendazole, triclabendazole, etc.) within the last 3 months Patients who are taking any anti-convulsant medication that interferes with the cytochrome P450 pathway (e.g. phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, etc.) Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, uncontrolled hypertension, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, chronic hepatitis, acute hepatitis, or psychiatric illness/social situation that would limit compliance with study requirements Pregnant women are excluded Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B surface antigen or hepatitis C positive; or with a history of chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Fecal Incontinence age ≥18 years living in the community (not a nursing home or assisted living facility) self-report of usually having FI of loose or liquid consistency at least twice in a 2-wk period toilets independently ability to read and write in English Persons that regularly performed pelvic floor muscle exercises and/or biofeedback on a maintenance regimen for at least 20 wks or who took a steady dose of anti-motility medications on a regular schedule that still met the FI were also eligible  difficulty swallowing a gastrointestinal (GI) tract altered by surgery a malabsorption disorder inflammatory bowel disease gastrointestinal cancer or active cancer treatment allergy to the fibers regularly used a laxative or enema, were tube-fed, or unwilling to discontinue taking periodic self-prescribed fiber supplements or anti-diarrheal medications a score ≤24 on the Mini Mental State Examination having/reporting fewer than two episodes of FI or being incapable of performing study procedures during the run-in baseline period


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Liver Transplant Rejection Patients of both sexes aged ≥ 18 years Standard analytical parameters, defined by Leukocytes ≥ 3000 Neutrophils ≥ 1500 Platelets ≥ 100,000 Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) / Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 1.5 standard range institution creatinine ≤ 1.5 mg / dl Patients with liver space occupying lesion (LOE) that require extended hepatic resection Patient selection should be cautious, covering basically 5 types of liver damage which must be submitted prior to liver volumetry Metastatic Disease subsidiary right hepatectomy extended to segment IV  Different tumor records current disease or any disease hematologic Patients with uncontrolled hypertension Severe heart failure (NYHA IV) Patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmias or unstable angina Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis in the previous 3 months Adjunctive therapy including hyperbaric oxygen, vasoactive substances, agents or angiogenesis inhibitors against Cox-II BMI> 40 kg/m2 Patients with alcoholic with active alcoholism Proliferative retinopathy Concomitant disease that reduces life expectancy to less than a year


eligible ages (years): 18.0-75.0,  All  Glomerulonephritis, Membranous Age & Gender: Male or female between 18 and 75 years of age inclusive, at the time of signing the informed consent Histological diagnosis: Have clinical diagnosis of IMN, as verified by biopsy (either by light microscope with immuno-fluorescence, or by electron microscope) in the last 3 years (biopsy results [and slides where possible] should be available for independent evaluation). For patients with relapsed disease, a biopsy should be available within the preceding 7 years Proteinuria: Have clinically active disease (nephrotic range proteinuria) for at least 3 months prior to screening and no improvement (<30% reduction), despite supportive therapy (which must maximal tolerated doses of ACE inhibitor or ARB unless contraindicated, and may statins, diuretics, dietary salt restriction). During screening proteinuria must be >400 mg/mmol by uPCR (or >4.0 g per 24 hrs) as measured from a 24 hrs urine collection and/or spot urine sample (early morning where possible) on 2 occasions at least 7 days apart Proteinuria in patients with relapsed disease: Patients who previously achieved proteinuria <2 g per 24h for at least 6 months and have subsequently relapsed with proteinuria levels as documented above, may be eligible providing recurrence has been within the previous 3 years and patient is known to be anti-PLA2R positive Female Subject is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant or nursing; is non-childbearing potential. Females of child-bearing potential must agree to use one of the approved contraception methods for an appropriate period of time (as determined by the product label or investigator) prior to the start of dosing to sufficiently minimise the risk of pregnancy at that point. Female subjects must agree to use contraception until 16 weeks after the last dose French subjects: In France, a subject will be eligible for in this study only if either affiliated to or a beneficiary of a social security category for Long Term Follow-up: Subjects who have signed informed consent for the Long Term Follow-up and have completed 2 years study treatment and the 16 week follow-up visit, or who have withdrawn early from study treatment but completed the Week 104 Withdrawn visit  Non-Idiopathic MN or other condition affecting the kidney: If the diagnosis of MN is secondary to other conditions, or the subject has renal impairment from a condition that is not MN. Causes of secondary MN (but are not limited to) Immune diseases (Systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus; rheumatoid arthritis, Hashimoto's disease, Grave's disease, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjogren's syndrome, primary biliary cirrhosis, bullous pemphigoid, small bowel enteropathy syndrome, dermatitis herpetiformis, ankylosing spondylitis, graft-versus-host-disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome); or Infectious or parasitic diseases (Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C, syphilis, filariasis, hydatid disease, schistosomiasis, malaria, leprosy); or Drugs and toxins (Gold, penicillamine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, mercury, captopril, formaldehyde, hydrocarbons, bucillamine); or Miscellaneous(Tumors excluded with reasonable diligence, renal transplantation, sarcoidosis, sickle cell disease, Kimura disease, angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia) Anti-PLA2R autoantibody: Patients known to be negative for anti-PLA2R autoantibody Severely reduced or deteriorating kidney function: An eGFR at screening <40 mL/min/1.73m^2 (as determined by 4 variable version MDRD equation) or kidney function not stable (as defined by >15% decrease in eGFR in 3 months before screening unless due to medication change) Blood Pressure: Uncontrolled hypertension defined as blood pressure (BP) >150/90 mmHg (treatment target <=140/80) Prior Therapy: Have received treatment with the following therapies at the times specified prior to Day 0: Therapy B-cell targeted therapy except rituximab (e.g., other anti CD20 agents, anti-CD22 [epratuzumab], anti-CD52 [alemtuzumab], BLyS-receptor fusion protein [BR3], TACI Fc, or belimumab), Time period: anytime; Therapy: Rituximab (subjects with rituximab treatment between 1 and 2 years prior to Day 0 are eligible if there is documented evidence of B-cell repopulation to >50% of pre-treatment levels), Period: 2 years; Therapy: Abatacept and any other biologic investigational agent other than B cell targeted therapy (i.e. not approved for sale in the country in which it is being used), Time Period: 364 days; Therapy: Cyclophosphamide or chlorambucil 3 or more courses of systemic corticosteroids for concomitant conditions (e.g., asthma, atopic dermatitis). (Topical or inhaled steroids are permitted.), Time Period: 180 days; Therapy: Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) or anti-IL-6 therapy (e.g. adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, tocilizumab). Interleukin-1 receptor antagonists (e.g. anakinra). Other immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory agents (e.g azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, mycophenolate mofetil (PO)/ mycophenolate mofetil hydrochloride (IV), mycophenolate sodium (PO), methotrexate, tacrolimus, sirolimus, thalidomide, leflunomide, mizoribine, ciclosporin). Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Plasmapheresis, leukapheresis, Time Period: 90 days; Therapy: A non-biologic investigational agent (i.e. not approved for sale in the country in which it is being used). Intravenous corticosteroid, Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Aliskiren. A change in dose of >50% for angiotensin pathway antihypertensive (e.g., ACE inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker), Time Period: 60 days; Therapy: A live vaccine. Greater than 30mg/day corticosteroid, Time Period: 30 days; Therapy: Greater than 10mg/day corticosteroid. A change in dose of a corticosteroid. Note: Changes to inhaled steroids and new topical immunosuppressive agents (e.g., eye drops, topical creams) are allowed, Time Period: 14 days Transplantation: Have a history of a major organ transplant (e.g., heart, lung, kidney, liver) or hematopoietic stem cell/marrow transplant Cancer: Have a history of malignant neoplasm within the last 5 years, except for adequately treated cancers of the skin (basal or squamous cell) or carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix Acute or chronic infection: Have required management of acute or chronic infections such as currently on any suppressive therapy for a chronic infection such as tuberculosis, pneumocystis, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, herpes zoster and atypical mycobacteria); or hospitalisation for treatment of infection within 60 days prior to Day 0; or use of parenteral (IV or IM) antibiotics (anti-bacterials, anti-virals, anti-fungals, or anti-parasitic agents) within 60 days prior to Day 0


eligible ages (years): 18.0-35.0,  All  Concentration-Time Profiles in Stomach & Intestine. Healthy volunteers age: 20-35 year  Diseases Acute/chronic gastrointestinal disorders Medication use Possible pregnancy Frequent exposure to x-ray radiation during the past year HIV positive


eligible ages (years): 18.0-55.0,  All  Healthy Apparently healthy; no medical conditions that might affect the study measurements Male or female Age between 18 and 55 years of age Body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 24.9 kg m-2 Suitable for MRI scanning (eg absence of metal implants, infusion pumps and pacemakers as assessed by the MRI safety questionnaire  Previous gastrointestinal surgery (excluding cholecystectomy and appendectomy) Known gastrointestinal disease Smoking History of alcohol or drug abuse Taking medication that is likely to affect gastrointestinal function Participation in night shift work the week prior to the study day. (Night work is defined as working between midnight and 6 am) Strenuous exercise greater than 10 hours per week Consumption of more than 21 units of alcohol in a typical week


eligible ages (years): 5.0-39.0,  All  Diarrhea Healthy male or female adults from 18-39 years old, inclusive General good health as determined by the screening evaluation no greater than 30 days before admission Properly informed about the study, able to understand it and sign the informed consent form Normal bowel habits (< 3 grade 1 or2 stools each day; ≥ 1 grade 1 or 2 stools every 2 days) Free of obvious health problems as established by medical history and clinical examination before entering into the study Available for the entire period of the study and reachable by study staff throughout the entire follow-up period Females of childbearing potential who are willing to take a serum pregnancy test at screening and urine pregnancy tests before each vaccination. Pregnancy tests must be negative before each vaccination. Females of childbearing potential must agree to use an efficacious hormonal or barrier method of birth control during the study. Abstinence is also acceptable Signed Informed Consent  Presence of a significant medical or psychiatric condition that in the opinion of the Investigator precludes participation in the study Known infection with Hep C or HIV History of congenital abdominal disorders, intussusception, abdominal surgery or any other congenital disorder Participation in research involving another investigational product (defined as receipt of investigational product) 30 days before planned date of first vaccination or concurrently participating in another clinical study, at any time during the study period, in which the participant has been or will be exposed to an investigational or a non-investigational product Clinically significant abnormalities on physical examination Clinically significant abnormalities in screening hematology, serum chemistry, or urinalysis as determined by the PI or the PI in consultation with the Study Physician History of febrile illness within 48 hours prior to vaccination Known or suspected impairment of immunological function based on medical history and physical examination Prior receipt of any Shigella vaccine Fever at the time of immunization. Fever is defined as a temperature ≥ 37.5C (99.5F) on axillary, oral, or tympanic measurement


eligible ages (years): 1.0-21.0,  All  Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma Pilocytic Astrocytoma Glioma, Astrocytic Optic Nerve Glioma Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma Glioblastoma Multiforme Anaplastic Astrocytoma Gliosarcoma Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma DIPG Low-grade Glioma Brainstem Glioma Age > 1 year of age and ≤ 21 years of age Diagnosis 1. Group A Low-grade Glioma Group Histology: Biopsy-proven Pilocytic Astrocytoma Fibrillary Astrocytoma Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma Other low grade astrocytomas  Age < 1 year or > 21 years Patients who have known allergy to mebendazole or benzimidazole class drugs Patients who have previously had a severe side effect, such as agranulocytosis and neutropenia, in conjunction with previous mebendazole or benzimidazole class drug for a parasitic infection  Patients who are taking metronidazole and cannot be safely moved to a different antibiotic greater than 7 days prior to starting mebendazole therapy Pregnant female patients are not eligible for this study. Pregnancy tests with a negative result must be obtained in all post-menarchal females Lactating females must agree they will not breastfeed a child while on this study Males and females of reproductive potential may not participate unless they agree to use an effective contraceptive method and continue to do so for at least 6 months after the completion of therapy Patients who are unable to take oral medications because of significant vomiting will be excluded Group A Low-grade Glioma Group ONLY


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Chronic Diarrhea Renal transplant recipient (RTR) with proven diagnosis of chronic norovirus infection, whereas chronic virus shedding is defined as more than two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive samples in an interval of at least one month (case group) or chronic diarrhoea defined as more than three bowel movements per day since more than four weeks (control group)  Missing informed consent Primary lactose intolerance Concomitant intestinal infection (other than norovirus) Subjects with galactosemia or patients requiring a low galactose diet Age < 18 years


eligible ages (years): 21.0-70.0,  All  Chronic Periodontitis diagnosis of chronic periodontitis presence of at least 6 periodontal pockets with a clinical attachment loss of ≥5 mm bleeding on probing (BOP) radiographic bone loss probing pocket depth higher or equal to 5 mm in at least six teeth at least 20 teeth in mouth (third molars excluded) an established smoking habit (at least 10 cigarettes per day for the past 4 years)  periapical alterations in qualifying teeth medical disorders requiring prophylactic antibiotic therapy or interfering with the treatment periodontal treatment in the past 6 months use of drugs known to affect periodontal status (antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, immunosuppressant and calcium channel blocker) within the past 6 months orthodontic therapy pregnancy and lactation allergy to metronidazole any systemic diseases (e.g.: diabetes and immunological disorders)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Clostridium Difficile Both genders are eligible for study Age 18 years and older Able to provide written, informed consent Confirmed diagnosis of severe CDAD as defined above  (If any of the following apply, the subject MUST NOT enter the study) Pregnant or lactating women Need for prolonged antibiotics for other cause Other known etiology for diarrhea, or clinical infection with other known enteric pathogens Active, chronic conditions such as: Inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, Short bowel syndrome, Ulcerative or ischemic colitis Laxatives or motility-altering drugs within 12 hours of enrolment Clinically unstable. Hemodynamic instability defined as hypotension (mean arterial pressure < 60) not responsive to fluids Any condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would preclude safe participation in the trial or compromise the quality of the data obtained Immune suppression, HIV, hematological or solid malignancy (chemotherapy in the past 3 months) Prior colon surgery


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Clostridium Difficile Patients > 18 years of age The patient has been treated with appropriate antimicrobial therapy for CDI The patient has documented relapse/recurrence of infection as demonstrated by positive stool culture, or cytotoxin assay, or PCR toxin assay Since this study does not involve treatments that have potential teratogenicity, and in general avoidance of antimicrobial treatment during pregnancy is advised (metronidazole is pregnancy category C), women of child-bearing age may be included in the study  Patients will be excluded from study participation if one of the following categories of applies Patient is < 18 years of age Patient has an absolute neutrophil count < 750 cells/mm3 Stool donors must be > 18 years of age Complete a screening questionnaire a. One-time donors: Table 1 b. Designated, pre-screened donors: Table 2 Be tested for communicable blood-borne and enteric pathogens One-time donors: Table 3


eligible ages (years): 6.0-999.0,  All  Lymphatic Filariasis Onchocerciasis Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) Infections Study areas should be endemic for filariasis and onchocerciasis Study population have limited or no prior experience with MDA. Males and Females greater than 5 years of age  Children less than 6 years of age Children who weigh less than 15 kg (33 lb)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-70.0,  All  Gastrointestinal Symptoms Small Intestinal Overgrowth recent onset of typical reflux symptoms (heartburn and regurgitation)  age <18 or >70 yrs pregnancy or breast-feeding evidence of major concomitant diseases (i.e., tumors, cardiovascular disorders and hepatic and/or renal failure) use of PPIs or H2-antagonists, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or antibiotics in the previous 3 months presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection erosive esophagitis presence of bowel symptoms such as bloating, flatulence, abdominal pain, diarrhea and constipation in the last 6 months or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) according to Rome III criteria


eligible ages (years): 1.0-999.0,  All  Soil-transmitted Helminthiasis Schistosomiasis Strongyloidiasis Shigellosis Intestinal Salmonellosis Campylobacteriosis Aeromonas Spp. Infections Giardiasis Amoebiasis Dientamoebiasis Cryptosporidium Spp. Infections Individuals aged ≥1 year presenting with persistent diarrhoea (≥3 loose stools per days for ≥2 weeks; symptomatic group) and/or children (aged 1-18 years) with persistent abdominal pain (localized or diffuse abdominal pain lasting for ≥2 weeks, with possible intermittence/recurrence) Individuals with written informed consent provided  Individuals in need of immediate intensive or surgical care Individuals who are unable or unwilling to give written informed consent Individuals who do not meet the for being a case or control (e.g. people with acute diarrhoea) Individuals with clinical jaundice (assessed by direct observation of the conjunctivae) Individuals who are unable, in the study physician's opinion, to comply with the study requirements Individuals who are already participating in other ongoing diagnostic studies and/or clinical trials


eligible ages (years): 18.0-75.0,  All  Dyspepsia Peptic Ulcer Participants with non-investigated/functional dyspepsia or scarred peptic ulcer with indication of H pylori eradication treatment Ability and willingness to participate in the study and to sign and give informed consent confirmed H pylori infection by at least one of the following methods: C13-urea breath test, histology, rapid urease test or bacterial culture  patients with peptic ulcer previous H. pylori eradication therapy Age below 18 years major systemic diseases previous gastric surgery pregnancy or breastfeeding allergy to any of the study drugs receipt of anti-secretory therapy, antibiotics or bismuth salts 4 weeks prior to


eligible ages (years): 1.917-7.0,  All  Healthy To be attending one of the SOSEP systems assigned daycare centers To maintain an attendance of 80% during the 8 weeks of the fieldwork Aged 23 to 84 months Being apparently healthy and with no dietary restrictions related to the foods offered with the SOSEP menu  Children whose parents of caregivers did not sign a consent form Children who refused to participate in the study Children who refused to adhere to the collections routines


eligible ages (years): 18.0-45.0,  All  Neurocysticercosis Males and females of non-childbearing potential between the ages of 18 and 45 years, inclusive.* *Surgically sterile via tubal ligation, bilateral oophorectomy or hysterectomy or who have been postmenopausal for >/=1 year confirmed by LH and FSH levels In good health, as judged by the investigator and determined by vital signs* Temperature < 38 degrees Celsius, heart rate </=100 bpm and > 50 bpm, systolic blood pressure </= 140 mmHg and > 89 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure </=90 mmHg and >/= 60 mm Hg, medical history and a targeted physical examination. BMI >/=18 and </= 35. Athletically trained subjects with a pulse >/= 45 may be enrolled at the discretion of the principal investigator or designated licensed clinical investigator Acceptable screening laboratories* *Hemoglobin, white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil, eosinophil and platelet counts within normal ranges. AST < 44 and ALT < 44 and total bilirubin, creatinine must be equal to or below the upper limit of normal (for eosinophil count, AST, ALT, creatinine, and total bilirubin values below the normal range are acceptable). Random blood glucose must be <140. Urine dipstick testing must be negative for glucose and negative or trace for protein. The following serology tests must be negative: HIV 1/2 antibody, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody. HIV and hepatitis C viral load PCR testing may be performed for individuals suspected of having indeterminate antibody testing Male participants must be willing to ensure use of condoms and spermicides for 4 months after study drug administration Provide written informed consent before initiation of any study procedures Willing to be available for all study-required procedures, and visits for the duration of the study Able to provide a home phone number, and the name, address, and/or email of a person willing to assist with making contact during the follow-up phase of the study  History of residing for 6 or more months in regions with endemic cysticercosis as determined by the principal investigator or a designated study physician Breastfeeding females Body temperature >/=100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (>/=38.0 degrees Celsius) or acute illness within 3 days before administration of study drug (subject may be rescheduled) Chronic or acute medical disorder* *Disorders of the cardiac, pulmonary, liver, kidney, neurologic, gastrointestinal or other system, such that in the opinion of the investigator participation in the study creates additional risk to the subject, or to the validity of the study Use of chronic systemic medications* *Intermittent use of over the counter medications such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, cold and sinus medications are permitted for enrollment (please see section 5.6 for instructions on medication use during the study).Topical medications, nasal steroids are permitted throughout the study. Use of the prescription medications used less than once per week on average are permitted for enrollment (see section 5.6 for instructions on medication use during the study). If the subject has taken a short term prescription medication within the past 30 days (e.g. an antibiotic), they should be postponed from enrollment until 30 days have elapsed since the last dose Has history of sensitivity to related benzimidazole compounds (e.g., albendazole, mebendazole) A diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar disease, or history of hospitalization for a psychiatric condition or previous suicide attempt A history of treatment for any other psychiatric disorder in the past 3 years.* *Past treatment for ADHD does not participants from enrollment as long as the medications have been discontinued for a minimum of 3 months and symptoms are well controlled


eligible ages (years): 18.0-80.0,  All  Intestinal Diseases Travelers who intended to travel to tropical areas Good general health  Medication consumption Background diseases


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Diarrhea Participant's symptoms of acute diarrhea must manifest within 48 hours prior to entering the trial Participant must have experienced at least three incidences of unformed stool within 24 hours prior to entering the trial (referring to any instances of watery stool or soft stool as determined after placing the stool in a container) Participant's most recently produced stool must be unformed stool Participant must give a positive answer to the following question: "Have you felt any abdominal discomfort caused by gastrointestinal gas accumulation within the last hour" Female participants must take effective contraceptive measures throughout the trial (including oral or injectable contraceptives, contraceptive tools, ligation) or be postmenopausal  Participant hospitalized for treatment of severe acute diarrhea or otherwise requires intravenous fluids or antibiotics on an outpatient basis Participant shows an axillary temperature greater than (>) 38.2 degrees Celsius (C) or an oral temperature > 38.6 degrees C Participant shows clinical symptoms of bloody or purulent stool or erythrocytes or leukocytes are detected in the participant's stool at > 3 per high power field Participant shows a sitting systolic blood pressure less than (<) 90 millimeter of mercury (mmHg) and/ or diastolic blood pressure < 60 mmHg Participant is unable to take medication orally or tolerate oral rehydration


eligible ages (years): 0.0-4.0,  All  Diarrhea Helminthiasis Children normally resident in households with access to new shared sanitation (the intervention) as selected by implementing organisation (WSUP) or control children normally resident in households sharing existing shared sanitation within geographically delimited project bounds and meeting WSUP site selection (including number of people served)  Refusal to participate


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Neoplasm Wounds and Injuries Age ≥ 18 years Diagnosis of malignat wound with odor, regardless of location, etiology and tumor staging; well as in treatment or palliative care Confirmation of participation in the study by signing the Instrument of Consent, personally or through responsible caretaker  not smell


eligible ages (years): 0.5-1.917,  All  Diarrhea Signed informed consent from at least one parent or primary caregiver Age 6-23 months initially Permanent resident of study area Planned availability during the period of the study Acceptance of home visitors  Weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) <-3Z with respect to WHO 2006 standards Presence of bipedal edema Severe illness warranting hospital referral Congenital abnormalities potentially interfering with growth Chronic medical condition (e.g. malignancy) requiring frequent medical attention Known HIV infection of index child or child's mother Hemoglobin <70 g/L Currently consuming zinc supplements Current participation in any other clinical trial


eligible ages (years): 18.0-75.0,  All  Diarrhea Adult male or nonpregnant female aged ≥ 18 years non-indigenous travelers (e.g., visiting students/faculty or international tourists) affected by naturally acquired acute diarrhea. Diarrhea is defined as the passage of at least three unformed stools in a 24-hour period. Stools are classified as formed (retains shape), soft (assumes shape of container), or watery (can be poured). When using this classification, both soft and watery stools are unformed and abnormal At least three unformed stools recorded within the 24 hours immediately preceding randomization At least one of the following signs and symptoms of enteric infection abdominal pain or cramps nausea vomiting fecal urgency excessive gas/flatulence tenesmus Women of child-bearing potential have a negative pregnancy test prior to beginning therapy and agree to use effective contraceptive methods during the study  Pregnant, breast feeding, or planning a pregnancy Immediately prior to randomization, acute diarrhea for > 72 hours Presence of fever (≥ 100 °F or ≥ 37.8 °C), or hematochezia (blood in stool), or clinical findings suggesting moderate or severe dehydration Active, uncontrolled, or clinically significant diseases or disorders of the heart, lung, kidney, GI tract (other than infectious diarrhea in travelers), or central nervous system Administration of any of the following any antimicrobial agents with an expected activity against enteric bacterial pathogens within 7 days preceding randomization more than two doses of a symptomatic antidiarrheal compound such as antimotility agents, absorbent agents, and antisecretory agents within 8 hours preceding randomization


eligible ages (years): 18.0-60.0,  All  Gingivitis Dental Plaque Recent Punjabi immigrants who are Montreal residents Having minimum 20 natural teeth Be in good general health Will give written informed consent  Non permanent residents e.g. refugees Presence of orthodontic appliances Presence of partial removable denture Having any disease of soft/ hard oral tissues e.g. advanced periodontitis Having any systemic disease e.g. diabetes On certain medications such as phenytoin


eligible ages (years): 18.0-54.0,  All  Signs and Symptoms, Digestive Subject is male or female, 18-54 years of age, inclusive Subject has a body mass index (BMI) ≥18.50 and ≤39.99 kg/m2 at visit 1 (day -7) and has been weight stable (± 4.5 kg) for the previous 3 months Subject is judged to be in good health on the basis of medical history Subject is willing to maintain his or her habitual diet and physical activity patterns, including habitual use of study approved medications and/or dietary supplements throughout the study period Subject is willing to avoid foods/beverages that cause GI-distress, as well as high-fiber foods for 24 h prior to, and following, visits 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 Subject understands the study procedures and signs forms providing informed consent to participate in the study and authorization for release of relevant protected health information to the study Investigators  Subject reports any clinically important GI condition that would potentially interfere with the evaluation of the study product (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, history of surgery for weight loss, gastroparesis, and clinically important lactose intolerance) History or presence of clinically important endocrine (including type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus), cardiovascular, pulmonary, biliary, renal, hepatic, pancreatic, or neurologic disorders that, in the opinion of the Investigator, could interfere with the interpretation of the study results Recent history (within 6 weeks of screening, visit 1) of constipation (defined as <3 bowel movements per week), and/or diarrhea (defined as ≥3 loose or liquid stools/d) Recent (within 6 weeks of screening, visit 1) episode of acute GI illness such as nausea, vomiting or diarrhea Daily use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) Daily use of antacids, proton pump inhibitors, H2 blockers Recent use of antibiotics (within 3 months of visit 2, day 0) Use of medications (over-the-counter and prescription) or dietary supplements (within 3 weeks of visit 2, day 0) known to influence GI function such as constipation medications and supplements (including laxatives, enemas, fiber supplements and/or suppositories); anti-diarrheal agents; anti-spasmodic; prebiotic and probiotic supplements Extreme dietary habits, including but not limited to vegetarian diets and intentional consumption of a high fiber diet Known allergy or sensitivity to food ingredients such as: soy, dairy (milk), wheat, egg, peanuts, tree nuts, fin fish and crustacean


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Celiac Disease Coeliac Disease Celiac Sprue Gluten Enteropathy Patients newly diagnosed with coeliac disease Male or female Able to give informed consent Able to schedule the first MRI scan (Visit 2 of the study) within a month of having had a duodenal biopsy and not yet commenced on a gluten free diet Pilot study in healthy volunteers Healthy volunteers (without any comorbidities) Able to give informed consent Pilot study in patients Any past serious, unstable medical condition, unstable/uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, major psychiatric diagnosis Any reported history of gastrointestinal surgery that could affect gastrointestinal function (colectomy, small bowel resection)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-70.0,  All  Dyspepsia Signed Informed Consent Participants aged 18 years Clinical diagnosis of functional dyspepsia according to Rome III criteria Minimum score of 15 points in PADYQ questionnaire  Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, gallstones, strongyloidiasis, giardiasis or ascariasis, clinical disease or significant psychological Positive diagnosis for Helicobacter pylori Clinically significant organic diseases in the HDE (High Digestive Endoscopy) prior to randomization History of esophageal surgery, gastrointestinal or other intra-abdominal surgery Hypersensitivity to the components of the formulations Allergy tartrazine yellow dye Allergy to aspirin Use of PPIs, H2 blockers, prokinetics, antibiotics, prostaglandins or bismuth salts in the last week before the screening visit Use of NSAIDs or aspirin more than two days a week (except AAS <325mg / day), other drugs that induce gastrointestinal symptoms Pregnant women or women without adequate contraception


eligible ages (years): 8.0-18.0,  All  Irritable Bowel Syndrome Males and non-pregnant females between 8 years and 18 years at the time of consent Able to obtain parental or legal guardian informed consent from subjects as applicable d-IBS determined by ROME III criteria. A Rome III diagnosis consists of recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort at least 2days/week in the last 3 months prior to enrollment associated with two or more of the following10 Improvement with defecation 2. Onset associated with a change in frequency of stool 3. Onset associated with a change in form (appearance) of stool  Children taking pharmacologic treatment for d-IBS will be excluded Children who are unable to articulate symptoms of IBS will be excluded Non-English speaking children will be excluded Children with known allergy or hypersensitivity to beef or any component of SBI Pregnancy


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Travel Medicine Receiving a pre-travel consultation at the Travel Health Network clinic in St. Albert, Alberta, Canada  Travellers with an expected return date after September 1, 2016 Those receiving consultations as part of a group with the same itinerary (e.g., families, group vacations) will be asked to identify one member to participate in order to minimize repetition among participants