eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Panic Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder Subjects must be 18 years of age or older Subjects must have lifetime bipolar I, II, or NOS disorder as defined by DSM-IV criteria Subjects must have lifetime panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) as defined by DSM-IV (except clause “does not occur exclusively during a mood disorder” of Criterion F for GAD)  Subjects’ bipolar symptoms must be no more than moderately severe, defined as a CGI-BP < 4 Subjects’ anxiety symptoms must be at least moderately severe, defined as a CGI-S > 4 Subjects must not be receiving mood stabilizing, antidepressant, antipsychotic, or anxiolytic medication for > one week prior to baseline. Patients receiving fluoxetine or depot antipsychotics should be off these medications for > four weeks prior to baseline Subjects or their legally authorized representative must sign the Informed Consent Document after the nature of the trial has been fully explained If female, subjects must be: postmenopausal, surgically incapable of childbearing, or practicing medically acceptable effective method(s) of contraception (e.g., hormonal methods, double barrier methods, intrauterine device) for at least one month prior to study entry and throughout the study  Subjects who do not have lifetime bipolar disorder by DSM-IV-TR criteria Subjects who do not have lifetime panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder by DSM-IV-TR criteria Subjects who are receiving treatment with an antimanic or mood stabilizing medication (lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, or an antipsychotic), and in the investigators’ judgment, require ongoing treatment with that medication Subjects whose bipolar symptoms are presently more than moderately severe (CGI-BP > 5) Subjects whose anxiety symptoms are presently less than moderately severe (CGI < 3) Subjects with clinically significant suicidal or homicidal ideation Subjects with current psychotic symptoms Subjects with a current DSM-IV Axis I diagnosis of delirium, dementia, amnesia, or other cognitive disorders; a DSM-IV diagnosis of a substance dependence disorder within the past six months; a lifetime DSM-IV psychotic disorder (e.g., schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder) Subjects with serious general medical illnesses including hepatic, renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine, neurologic, or hematologic disease as determined by the clinical judgment of the clinical investigator. Subjects with hypo or hyperthyroidism unless stabilized on thyroid replacement > 3 months


A 26-year-old obese woman with a history of bipolar disorder complains that her recent struggles with her weight and eating have caused her to feel depressed. She states that she has recently had difficulty sleeping and feels excessively anxious and agitated. She also states that she has had thoughts of suicide. She often finds herself fidgety and unable to sit still for extended periods of time. Her family tells her that she is increasingly irritable. Her current medications include lithium carbonate and zolpidem.

eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Depression males or females age 18 to 65 years, DSM-IV episode of Major Depression non-psychotic, ≥14 score on the 17-item HRSD, adequate trial with two antidepressants (see definition above of 'adequate trial'), ability to receive and give informed consent, if patients are of child-bearing potential (male or female), use of an effective contraceptive is required for at least one month prior to the screening Visit and documentation of a negative pregnancy (female) test upon entry into the study  bipolar or psychotic depression, overt personality disorder, currently suicidal or a history of suicide attempt in the previous 6 months, current substance abuse or history of substance abuse in the previous 12 months, history of hypersensitivity to aripiprazole, treatment with antipsychotic medications in the previous 3 months, serious or unstable medical disorders which in and amongst themselves may lend to morbidity or mortality during study, any medical illness with relative contraindication for aripiprazole use, starting or terminating psychotherapy during the previous 12 weeks, ECT treatment in the previous 3 months, pregnancy or planning pregnancy, history of severe head injury with sequelae, comorbid anxiety condition which has been focus of clinical attention in previous 6 months (remitted GAD, OCD, Panic, Social Anxiety, PTSD may be allowed)


eligible ages (years): 20.0-50.0,  All  Sleep Disorders Physically healthy Meets DSM-IV for primary insomnia For subjects interested in PET study only: right-handedness  Currently taking antidepressants, antianxiety medications or medications for sleep disorders Currently experiencing symptoms of psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder Significant or unstable acute or chronic medical conditions, such as seizure disorder, tumor, liver disease, active peptic ulcer disease, arthritis, irritable bowel disease Meets DSM-IV for sleep apnea or periodic limb movement disorder


eligible ages (years): 50.0-999.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Must have Bipolar disorder as confirmed by the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) Must be age 50 or older Must have sub-optimal response to current psychotropic management including at least one of the following Behaviors and symptoms of irritability, agitation, mood liability or diminished ability to interact with others in their place of residence Diminished ability to take care of basic personal needs in their place of residence due to symptoms of bipolar disorder Intolerance to current psychotropic medications; and Must live in the Northeast Ohio area  An unstable medical illness, or a medical illness, which in the opinion of the study investigators, is likely to affect the outcome of the study DSM-IV substance dependence (except nicotine or caffeine) within the past 3 months; or Receiving carbamazepine


eligible ages (years): 15.0-29.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Schizoaffective Disorder Male and female patients aged 15 to 29 Experiencing a first episode psychosis Meet DSM-IV for bipolar either manic or mixed episode, or schizoaffective disorder manic episode Minimum score of 20 on the YMRS Written informed consent to participation  Patients at immediate risk of committing harm to self or others Use of neuroleptics or mood-stabilisers in the two months preceding admission to EPPIC Organic mental disease, including mental retardation History of clinically significant illness (liver or renal insufficiency, significant cardiac, vascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, endocrine, neurological or metabolic disturbances) Clinically relevant biochemical or hematological abnormalities Pregnant or lactating woman History of epilepsy History of severe drug allergy or hypersensitivity Non fluency in English


eligible ages (years): 19.0-65.0,  All  Obesity Are men or women, between the ages of 19 and 65, inclusive Have a diagnosis of any type of bipolar disorder or any type of psychotic disorder based on structured diagnostic interview (MINI) Are currently outpatients or inpatients and taking a neuroleptic or mood stabilizer medication (listed below) for the past 6 months, and on a stable dose for the past 2 months Have a body mass index > 25 No substance use disorder in the past 2 months (except for nicotine or caffeine) Agree to not become pregnant during the study and agree to use an adequate method of birth control during the study such as a barrier method, hormonal contraceptive, or surgical sterilization (females only). All women of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test before beginning study medication Are able to swallow the capsules whole Are willing and able to follow Investigator instructions and study procedures, and report adverse events Not currently actively suicidal or homicidal No use of topiramate within the last 6 months  Clinically significant renal or hepatic disease History of acute intermittent porphyria, glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency or hemolytic anemia Allergy to zonisamide or sulfonamides Have clinically unstable cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, metabolic, endocrine, or other systemic disease Have laboratory test results that, in the opinion of the Investigator, are clinically significant abnormalities Require treatment with any medication (e.g., carbonic anhydrase inhibitors) that might interact adversely with, or obscure, the action of the study drug Are pregnant or lactating (females only) Have a history of nephrolithiasis Refuse to give informed consent Have previously enrolled in this study or previously been treated with zonisamide


eligible ages (years): 18.0-70.0,  All  Binge Eating Disorder Associated With Obesity Patients will meet DSM-IV for BED for at least the last 6 months. These are as follows Recurrent episodes of binge eating. An episode of binge eating is characterized by both of the following: (1) eating, in discrete period of time (eg, within any two hour period), an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances and (2) a sense of lack of control over eating during the episode (eg, a feeling that one cannot stop eating or control what or how much one is eating) The binge eating episodes are associated with at least three of the following Eating much more rapidly than normal Eating until uncomfortably full Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry Eating alone because of being embarrassed by how much one is eating Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or feeling very guilty after overeating Marked distress regarding binge eating The binge eating occurs, on average, at least two days a week for six months  Have current body mass index < 30kg/m2 Women who are pregnant or lactating and women of childbearing potential who are not taking adequate contraceptive measures. If there is a possibility a female subject might be pregnant, a pregnancy test will be performed. (All women of childbearing potential will have a negative pregnancy test before entering the study.) Subjects who are displaying clinically significant suicidality or homicidality Subjects who are displaying a current clinically unstable depressive disorder (e.g., HAM-D > 21) A current or recent (within 6 months of the start of study medication) DSM-IV diagnosis of substance abuse or dependence A lifetime history of a DSM-IV bipolar disorder or dementia History of a personality disorder (eg, schizotypal, borderline, or antisocial) which might interfere with assessment or compliance with study procedures Clinically unstable medical disease, including cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, metabolic, endocrine or other systemic disease which could interfere with diagnosis, assessment, or treatment of binge eating disorder. Patients should be biochemically euthyroid prior to entering the study History of seizures, including febrile seizures in childhood History of clinically significant nephrolithiasis


eligible ages (years): 13.0-75.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder In order to be included in the study patient must meet A, C, D, E, F, G plus any 1 of the 3 listed in section B A. Patients meeting DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder, I or II Patients meeting DSM-IV diagnostic for a manic/hypomanic episode with the simultaneous presence of (or rapid alteration within minutes) of at least three DSM-IV depressive symptoms excluding psychomotor agitation or Patients meeting DSM-IV symptomatic for a hypomanic/manic episode for a period of 2 days or longer, with the simultaneous presence of (or rapid alteration within minutes) of at least three DSM-IV depressive symptoms excluding psychomotor agitation or Patients meeting DSM-IV for a depressive episode associated with at least three DSM-IV manic/hypomanic symptoms C.MADRS of ≥14 D.YMRS of ≥ 14 E. Age 13years to 75 years F. Male or female G. Outpatient  illness precluding the use of LAM Alcohol/drug dependence in the past one month patients with a history of a rash on LAM CNS neoplasms, demyelinating diseases, degenerative neurological condition or active CNS infection history of seizure, known EEG with frank paroxysmal activity, known CT of brain showing gross structural abnormalities, cerebral vascular disease by history or structural brain damage from trauma patients currently taking LAM


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Age above 18 is preceded by an affective episode requiring hospitalisation or outpatient drug treatment (index episode) which can be a manic episode (ICD-10 research criteria), a depressive episode of at least moderate degree (ICD-10 research criteria) or a mixed manic state (manic episode with at least additional three ICD-10 depressive symptoms except for difficulties with concentration or thinking, agitation or dyssomnia). The episode can be with or without psychotic symptoms including Schneiderian first-rank symptoms or bizarre delusions as long as the psychotic symptoms do not occur outside the affective episode No more than 12 months may pass between the onset of the index episode (or admission if that is the case)and date of randomisation (in order to ensure a current risk of relapse as well as reliable psychopathological information) Besides the index episode, at least one previous episode must have occurred within the last five years which meets the mentioned in point number two above. This episode may not necessarily have led to hospitalisation. Two episodes are separated by at least two months without significant symptoms or change in polarity (depression to mania/mixed mania or vice versa) At least one manic episode (or mixed manic episode) within the last 5 years  Contraindications to the protocol drugs Severe somatic disease, e.g. epilepsy, which may interfere with study treatment or effect evaluation Pregnancy (or risk of pregnancy) Subject has prior to randomization received prophylactic treatment with lithium or lamotrigine conducted adequately in the sense of sufficient time and dose and ensuring compliance, and experienced a definite lack of prophylactic effect An ICD-10 diagnosis of abuse within the last year with a subsequent risk of protocol violation. Therefore, subjects with a secondary abuse can often be included in the study Anticipated protocol violation for other reasons No written informed consent from the subject can be obtained The subject has previously been randomised in the study


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Obesity Age 18-65 years; BMI 30-50  Secondary obesity; Significant cardiovascular disease; Stroke, seizure disorder or other significant neurological disease; Significant liver or gallbladder disease; Significant renal disease or history of kidney stones; HIV positive status; Diabetes mellitus; Untreated or unstable hypothyroidism Malignancy in the past 5 years; Concomitant medications that cause significant weight gain or weight loss; Concomitant use of prescription or OTC weight loss medications; Had bariatric surgery or planning surgery in the next 1 year; Weight change of more than 4 kg in the past 3 months; Suicidal subjects; Major depression in the past 6 months; History of psychosis, bipolar disorder, or severe personality disorders; Subjects taking antipsychotics or mood stabilisers; Alcohol or substance abuse in the past 6 months; Currently taking zonisamide or other antiepileptic drugs; History of hypersensitivity to zonisamide or sulfonamides; Pregnant or planning pregnancy in the next year, or breastfeeding; Severe physical disability; Current participation in a commercial weight loss program or planning to participate; Currently following low-carbohydrate, high protein, high fat diet; Use of investigational medications or devices (current or past 4 weeks)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Binge Eating Disorder Obesity Patients will meet DSM-IV-TR for BED for at least the last 6 months, determined by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR (SCID) (61) and supported by the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) (62). These are as follows Recurrent episodes of binge eating. An episode of binge eating is characterized by both of the following eating, in discrete period of time (e.g., within any two hour period), an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances a sense of lack of control over eating during the episode (e.g., a feeling that one cannot stop eating or control what or how much one is eating) The binge eating episodes are associated with at least three of the following eating much more rapidly than normal eating until uncomfortably full eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry eating alone because of being embarrassed by how much one is eating feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or feeling very guilty after overeating  Have current body mass index < 30 kg/m2 Women who are pregnant or lactating and women of childbearing potential who are not taking adequate contraceptive measures. (All women of childbearing potential will have a negative pregnancy test before entering the study.) Subjects who are displaying clinically significant suicidality or homicidality Subjects who are displaying a current clinically unstable depressive or bipolar disorder, defined as a Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) (63) > 24 or a Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) (64) > 8 A current or recent (within 6 months of the start of study medication) DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of substance abuse or dependence A lifetime history of a DSM-IV-TR psychotic disorder or dementia History of a personality disorder (e.g., schizotypal, borderline, or antisocial) which might interfere with assessment or compliance with study procedures Clinically unstable medical disease, including cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, metabolic, endocrine or other systemic disease which could interfere with diagnosis, assessment, or treatment of binge eating disorder. Patients should be biochemically euthyroid prior to entering the study History of seizures, including febrile seizures in childhood Subjects requiring treatment with any drug which might interact adversely with or obscure the action of the study medication (e.g., stimulants, sympathomimetics, antidepressants, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, anti-obesity drugs)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Anxiety Disorder Subjects must be 18 years of age or older Subjects must have lifetime bipolar I, II, or NOS disorder as defined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria Subjects must have lifetime panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) as defined by DSM-IV (except clause "does not occur exclusively during a mood disorder" of Criterion F for GAD)  Subjects' bipolar symptoms must be no more than moderately severe, defined as a CGI-BP < 4 Subjects' anxiety symptoms must be at least moderately severe, defined as a CGI-S > 4 Subjects must not be receiving mood stabilizing, antidepressant, antipsychotic, or anxiolytic medication for > one week prior to baseline. Patients receiving fluoxetine or depot antipsychotics should be off these medications for > four weeks prior to baseline Subjects or their legally authorized representative must sign the Informed Consent Document after the nature of the trial has been fully explained If female, subjects must be postmenopausal surgically incapable of childbearing  Subjects who do not have lifetime bipolar disorder by DSM-IV-TR (text revision) criteria Subjects who do not have lifetime panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder by DSM-IV-TR criteria Subjects who are receiving treatment with an antimanic or mood stabilizing medication (lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, or an antipsychotic), and in the investigators' judgment, require ongoing treatment with that medication Subjects whose bipolar symptoms are presently more than moderately severe (CGI-BP > 5) Subjects whose anxiety symptoms are presently less than moderately severe (CGI < 3) Subjects with clinically significant suicidal or homicidal ideation Subjects with current psychotic symptoms Subjects with a current DSM-IV Axis I diagnosis of delirium, dementia, amnesia, or other cognitive disorders; a DSM-IV diagnosis of a substance dependence disorder within the past six months; or a lifetime DSM-IV psychotic disorder (e.g., schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder) Subjects with serious general medical illnesses including hepatic, renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine, neurologic, or hematologic disease as determined by the clinical judgment of the clinical investigator. Subjects with hypo or hyperthyroidism unless stabilized on thyroid replacement > 3 months


eligible ages (years): 21.0-64.0,  All  Insomnia MAJOR Must experience sleep disturbances at least 3 nights/week, based on historical data Must meet the diagnostic requirements for Major Depressive Disorder Must have QIDS-SR16 score between 6 and 15 Must be either newly diagnosed or show symptoms of relapse/recurrence of depression while not on medication Age 21-64, inclusive Women must use a medically acceptable form of contraception (steroidal contraceptive, double-barrier, or intra-uterine device) during the entire study period, or: be surgically sterilized, post-menopausal, agree to use double-barrier contraception throughout the study period, or must have a negative urine pregnancy test prior to randomization Subject must be stabilized on all ongoing long-term medication therapy for at least 28 days prior to screening visit MAJOR  Severity of depressive episode had been rated as "severe" or "severe with psychotic features." History of a suicide attempt or suicidal ideation History of mania, manic episode or bipolar disease Currently using a benzodiazepine or SSRI or more than 2 days of use within the 28 days preceding randomization Use of prescription and non-prescription sedative drugs given for the purpose of sleep induction or to relieve jet lag Any abnormal pre-study laboratory values that require clinical intervention Prior failure to respond to escitalopram therapy for depression Current depressive episode requiring inpatient hospitalization Shift work or requirement for a regular change in sleep schedule by at least six hours within the previous 28 days History of drug addiction, alcoholism, or drug abuse


eligible ages (years): 21.0-64.0,  All  Insomnia Male or female between the ages of 21and 64 years, inclusive Women must use a medically acceptable form of contraception during the entire study period, or: be surgically sterilized, post-menopausal, agree to use double-barrier contraception throughout the study period, or must have a negative urine pregnancy test prior to randomization Must meet the diagnostic requirements of Generalized Anxiety Disorder as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Score at least 18 on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) Must be either newly diagnosed or show symptoms of relapse during a period of no drug therapy for anxiety Subject must experience sleep disturbances at least three nights per week, for at least one month prior to study entry, based on historical data Subject must be stabilized on all long-term medication therapy for at least one month prior to study entry History of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Concomitant Major Depressive Disorder or Bipolar Disorder Any abnormal pre-study laboratory values that require clinical intervention


eligible ages (years): 6.0-17.0,  All  Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Male or female between the ages of 6 and 17 years, inclusive Children with diagnosed ADHD (as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision [DSM-IV-TR] criteria) Complaint of childhood insomnia as defined by repeated difficulty with sleep initiation or consolidation that occurs despite adequate age, appropriate time, and opportunity for sleep The sleep disturbance must not be attributable to either the direct physiologic effect of drug abuse or misuse of a prescribed medication Subjects should be stabilized on all long-term therapy, including treatment of ADHD, for at least one month prior to study entry Subjects, if females of childbearing potential (as determined by the initiation of menses), must have confirmed negative pregnancy test prior to randomization and be using a recognized effective method of birth control (oral, implant, depot or transdermal oestroprogestatives, intrauterine device, double-barrier with spermicide). Abstinence is an acceptable method of birth control for this study  Mental retardation Autistic spectrum disorder A history of sleep apnea A history of bipolar disorder, conduct disorder, major depression, or generalized anxiety disorder (not obsessive compulsive disorder), as determined by clinical interview and DSM-IV-TR Current history of substance abuse/dependence Known hypersensitivity to zolpidem or previous adverse experience with zolpidem Pregnant or breast-feeding Current use of hypnotics, antihistamines, melatonin, herbal products, or other sleep aids


eligible ages (years): 13.0-17.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Between the ages of 13 years, 0 months and 17 years, 11 months Meets The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV for either of the following conditions: bipolar I or bipolar II disorder with a manic, mixed, or hypomanic episode within 3 months of study entry; or a depressed episode within 3 months of study entry with a prior history of a manic, hypomanic, or mixed episode (if the participant only meets for a current hypomanic episode, there must also be a history of at least one prior depressive, manic, or mixed episode) Has experienced severe depression, hypomania, or mania symptoms for a period of at least 1 week within the 3 months prior to study entry Lives with at least one biological or step-parent who is available and willing to participate in treatment (parents not currently living with the adolescent participant may also participate)  Currently in full recovery (experienced minimal symptoms for at least 8 continuous weeks) Meets Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, IV for substance abuse disorder or substance dependence disorder within 3 months of study entry (based on the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version ) Meets current for bipolar, not otherwise specified, or substance-induced mood disorder Diagnosis of mental retardation, autism, or organic central nervous system disorder Severe, unremitting psychosis that is unresponsive to neuroleptic medications, and has lasted more than 3 months Requires extended inpatient treatment (although participant can be hospitalized at the time of intake into the study) Current life-threatening eating disorder, neurological condition, or other medical problem that requires immediate treatment Exhibits or expresses serious homicidal tendencies Victim of current sexual or physical abuse by parents or is in an environment marked by domestic violence among the parents or step-parents


eligible ages (years): 18.0-70.0,  All  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Depression Exposure to an interpersonal traumatic event Diagnosis of depression or PTSD (threshold or subthreshold) Functional literacy  Apparent incoherence or disorientation Apparent intoxication at recruitment Hearing impairment


eligible ages (years): 18.0-75.0,  All  Generalized Anxiety Disorder Bipolar Disorder Male and female outpatients, aged 18 to 75 years Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder (Bipolar I or Bipolar II) Current diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Participants must be on at least one of the following mood stabilizers at steady dose for at least 4 weeks prior to randomization: lithium with blood levels between 0.4-1.4 meq/L, valproic acid/divalproate sodium (with levels between 50-150 ugm/dl) carbamazepine (blood levels between 4-12 mcg/ml), or lamotrigine (dosed 50-400 mg/day)  Pregnant or lactating women or others not using acceptable means of birth control (e.g., IUD, oral contraceptives, barrier devices, condoms and foam, implanted progesterone rods stabilized for at least 3 months) Patients with current or history of schizophrenia, or patients with current mania, hypomania at study entry. Lifetime psychosis and dementia are exclusionary Patients with current obsessive-compulsive disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder are excluded Patients with a history of alcohol or substance abuse or dependence within the last three months Patients with significant unstable medical illness likely to result in hospitalization or acute medical care. In addition, patients with an established diagnosis of diabetes mellitus are excluded Current cognitive behavioral therapy directed toward the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder History of hypersensitivity to or lack of response to ziprasidone Concomitant treatment with other typical or atypical antipsychotics; patients should be off other typical or atypical antipsychotics for at least one week prior to study baseline Patients with significant suicidal ideation or who have enacted suicidal behaviors within 3 months prior to intake will be excluded from study participation and referred for appropriate clinical intervention Patients who have had a psychiatric hospitalization (including for bipolar disorder) in the past 3 months are excluded


eligible ages (years): 18.0-64.0,  All  Insomnia Insomnia as defined by DSM-IV and supported by subject diary Male or female between the ages of 18-64 years Body mass index (BMI) between 18-34 kg/m^2 Females of childbearing potential must use a medically acceptable method of contraception Capable of understanding and willing to comply with study procedures and has provided informed consent  Females who are pregnant, breast-feeding or have a positive pregnancy test Any circadian rhythm disorder including planned travel across several time zones during the study period Known hypersensitivity to Zolpidem Has performed regular shift work with the past several months prior to screening An acute clinically significant illness or surgery as determined by the PI within 30 days of screening Patients that have used any central nervous system (CNS) medication or other medication known to impact the sleep/wake cycle A history of psychiatric disorder as defined by DSM-IV A history of drug addiction or alcohol abuse Any current significant disease, unless adequately controlled with a protocol allowed medication Known history of HIV or Hepatitis B or C


eligible ages (years): 18.0-75.0,  All  Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Written informed consent is obtained The patient is an outpatient, man or woman of any ethnic origin, 18-75 years of age (inclusive) Patient reports insomnia for at least six months, and insomnia causes the patient distress The Investigator determines that the patient meets diagnostic for Chronic Insomnia according to International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) criteria Sleep diary based screening shows sleep onset latency >30 minutes, and /or wake after sleep onset >30 minutes per night at least 3 nights per week, with combined wake-time-in-bed _> 45 minutes The patient is in good health as determined by a medical and psychiatric history, and physical examination Women must be surgically sterile, 2 years post-menopausal, or if of child-bearing potential, using a medically accepted method of birth control, and agree to continued use of this method for the duration of the study The patient is willing and able to comply with study restrictions and to attend regularly scheduled clinic visits as specified in this protocol  Has any clinically significant, uncontrolled medical or psychiatric conditions. (treated or untreated) Has a probable diagnosis of a current sleep disorder other than Chronic Insomnia Used any prescription drugs disallowed by the protocol or clinically significant use of over-the counter(OTC) drugs within 14 days before the screening visit Has a history of alcohol, narcotic, or any other abuse as defined by the DSM-V Has a clinically significant deviation from normal in the physical examination Is a pregnant or lactating woman. (Any woman becoming pregnant during the study will be withdrawn from the study.) Has any disorder that may interfere with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion (including gastrointestinal surgery and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency) Has a known clinically significant drug sensitivity to sodium oxybate or sedative hypnotics


eligible ages (years): 18.0-60.0,  All  Bipolar Depression A principal diagnosis of bipolar 1 or II disorder Ages 18-60 Physically healthy Outpatient status Montgomery-Asberg Rating Scale (MADRS) Score greater than or equal to 15 BMI 23-30 Able and willing to give written informed consent  Prior history of diabetes (types I or II) BMI>30 Non-fasting blood glucose >124 Fasting blood glucose >125 or random blood glucose >200 Presence of dyslipidemia (baseline total cholesterol >240, HDL<50, LDL>160, triglycerides >199) Current or past history of a non-affective psychotic disorder Alcohol or other substance abuse or dependence in the 6 months prior to the evaluation (except for caffeine) Current use of any nicotine products Schizoid, schizotypal, or borderline personality disorder Treatment with olanzapine in the prior 3 months or any history of non


eligible ages (years): 12.0-21.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Cannabis-Related Disorder Inclusion/  To be included, all subjects must… have an authorized parent/legal guardian who understands the nature of the study and who provides written informed consent if the study subject is younger than 18 years of age. Additionally, each subject must provide assent to the study be fluent in English be 12 to 21 years of age, inclusive be using a medically accepted means of contraception (i.e., oral contraceptives and barrier methods (diaphragm or condom), medroxyprogesterone acetate injectable suspension, abstinence) if female and of menarche. Oral contraceptives alone are not acceptable means of contraception because concomitant use of topiramate and low estrogen oral contraceptive pills may lead to oral contraceptive failure have a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder in a current manic or mixed episode, in addition to a cannabis use disorder (which includes abuse or dependence) within 28 days prior to screening, as determined by the WASH-U-KSADS have an initial YMRS total score of >16 at screening and baselines use cannabis a minimum of twice per week on average during the 28 days prior to screening Subjects will not be eligible for participation if they… have a known history of mental retardation


eligible ages (years): 10.0-18.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Weight Gain Male or female patients, ages 10-18 years Female patients of menarche must be using a medically accepted means of contraception (e.g. oral contraceptives, Depo-Provera, abstinence) Each patient's authorized legal guardian must understand the nature of the study and must provide written informed consent. Each patient must also give assent to study participation Patients must have a diagnosis of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV-TR) bipolar disorder, type I and currently display an acute manic or mixed episode as determined by K-SADS (Geller et al 2000) Patients must have a baseline (day 0) Young Mania Rating Scale score of at least 16 Subjects should be fluent in English  Female patients who are either pregnant or lactating Clinically significant or unstable hepatic, renal, gastroenterologic, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrinologic, immunologic, hematologic or other systemic medical conditions Any history of current or past diabetes that has been treated with pharmacological intervention Neurological disorders including epilepsy, stroke, or severe head trauma Clinically significant laboratory abnormalities (> 3 times upper limit of normal), on any of the following tests: CBC with differential, electrolytes, BUN, creatinine, hepatic transaminases, lipid profile, fasting glucose, urinalysis, or thyroid indices. Clinically abnormal ECG Manic or mixed episode due to a general medical condition or substance-induced mania (DSM-IV-TR) Mental retardation (IQ <70) History of hypersensitivity to or intolerance of olanzapine or topiramate Prior history of olanzapine or topiramate non-response or allergic reaction DSM-IV substance (except nicotine or caffeine) dependence within the past 3 months


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Mania Diagnosis of Bipolar 1 Disorder Hospitalized or in the process of being hospitalized for a manic or mixed episode  History of rapid cycling History of hypersensitivity or adverse reaction to lithium


eligible ages (years): 18.0-60.0,  All  Spinal Cord Injuries Subjects of either gender and 18 years of age (preferably 10 males and females each) Subjects with chronic spinal cord injury (defined as 12 months or more post spinal cord injury), as confirmed by a MRI Subjects with neurological status: ASIA A, B or C Subjects must be able to read, understand, and complete the VAS Subjects who have voluntarily signed* and dated* an informed consent form, approved by an IEC/IRB, prior to any study-specific procedures *If a subject consents to participation but is not in a position to personally sign and date the informed consent form because of his or her physical condition, the consent must be confirmed at the time of consent orally, signed on behalf by the subject's relative, and by an impartial witness who is present throughout the whole informed consent process  Subjects are excluded if they have a history of hypersensitivity to lithium significant renal, cardiovascular, hepatic and psychiatric diseases significant medical diseases or infection brain injury Addison's disease debilitation or dehydration recently taken or are taking diuretics or other drugs with known interaction with lithium, such as tricyclic antidepressants, NSAIDs and tetracycline a history of alcohol abuse or drug abuse, or if they are pregnant or lactating women


eligible ages (years): 12.0-18.0,  All  Insomnia patients diagnosed as having nonorganic insomnia of nonorganic sleep disorder in ICD10 patients whose age at the time of obtaining consent is 12 years or over and 18 years or below  patients with schizophrenia or manic-depressive illness patients with insomnia caused by physical diseases patients having a history of hypersensitivity to zolpidem patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder


eligible ages (years): 18.0-70.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Patients with bipolar disorder in major depressive episode according to DSM-IV MADRS score of at least 20 points at screening and baseline 70 years of age Unchanged dose of mood stabilising medication for at least six weeks prior to Voluntary, informed and written consent  Non-affective psychotic symptoms at screening Pregnancy or breast-feeding Fertile women without appropriate contraception (the pill, IUD, or contraceptive injection) Substance dependence during the last three months prior to baseline Mental retardation and organic brain disorders Suicide risk that mandates specific measures Novel (within three months) or unstable medical conditions Clinically significant abnormal results on medical examination or blood samples Exposure to escitalopram during the last three months Allergic reactions to citalopram or escitalopram


eligible ages (years): 18.0-64.0,  All  Insomnia Adults with history of sleeplessness  Allergic to investigational drug Any conditions and medications that may interfere with study drug evaluation


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors Cognitive/Functional Effects Neurotoxicity Solid Tumor Histopathologically confirmed extracranial primary malignancy Multiple (i.e., > 3) brain metastases OR < 3 metastases with at least 1 metastasis > 4.0 cm in diameter Not eligible for radiosurgery No requirement for immediate whole-brain radiotherapy No metastases to the midbrain or brainstem  Zubrod performance status 0-2 Life expectancy ≥ 8 weeks Platelet count > 100,000/mm^3 ANC > 1,500/mm^3 Hemoglobin ≥ 10 g/dL BUN < 25 mg/dL Creatinine < 1.5 mg/dL Bilirubin < 1.5 mg/dL ALT ≤ 2 times normal Sodium > 136 mg/dL


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Male or female in or out-patients at least 18 years of age Patient must have a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder and currently display acute manic or mixed episodes (with or without psychotic features) according to the DSM-IV based on clinical assessment Patients must have a level of understanding sufficient to agree to all tests and examinations required by the protocol Patients must have a Y-MRS total score of greater than or equal to 20 at both visits 1 & 2 Patients must be considered reliable  Have received treatment within the last 30 days with a drug that has not received regulatory approval for any indication at the time of study entry Serious, unstable illnesses including hepatic, renal, gastroenterologic, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrinologic, neurologic, immunologic, or hematologic disease such that death is anticipated within 1 year or intensive care unit hospitalization for the disease is anticipated within 6 months Current or past diagnosis of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder (including schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, shared psychotic disorder, psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition, substance-induced psychotic disorder, psychotic disorder not otherwise specified) as defined in the DSM-IV Documented history of intolerance to olanzapine or Lithium Carbonate Treatment with clozapine within 4 weeks prior to visit 2. Treatment with other antipsychotic drugs or mood stabilizers within 2 days prior to visit 2


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Chronic Insomnia Chronic insomnia and taking greater than or equal to 10 mg zolpidem at least 4 times per week Has been prescribed zolpidem for difficulty in initiating sleep Must report chronic use of zolpidem greater than or equal to10 mg therapy for a minimum of 3 months prior to entry into Period 1 of the study Must have taken zolpidem greater than or equal to 10 mg therapy for at least 4 of 7 days each week of the 4 weeks immediately prior to entry into the double blind phase, Period 2 Expressed a willingness to discontinue zolpidem therapy Habitual bedtime is between 9:00 PM and 1:00 AM based on sleep history Negative test result for hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus antibody Females of childbearing potential who are sexually active must agree to use adequate contraception, and can neither be pregnant nor lactating from Screening throughout the duration of the study  Known hypersensitivity to ramelteon, zolpidem, or melatonin Participated in any other investigational study and/or taken any investigational drug within 30 days prior to the first dose of run-in study medication Sleep schedule changes required by employment (eg, shift worker) within 3 months prior to the first night of run-in study medication History of fibromyalgia, history of seizures, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, periodic leg syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, mental retardation, or cognitive disorder History of drug addiction or drug abuse within the past 12 months History of alcohol abuse within the past 12 months, as defined in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition revised and/or regularly consumes more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day Current significant hepatic, renal, endocrine, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, hematological, or metabolic disease, unless currently controlled and stable with protocol-allowed medication, within 30 days prior to the first night of run-in study medication Body mass index of less than 18 or greater than 34 (weight /height2) Any clinically important abnormal finding as documented by a medical history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, or clinical laboratory tests, as determined by the investigator Positive hepatitis panel


eligible ages (years): 2.0-18.0,  All  Insomnia Sleep Disorder Male or female between the ages of 2 years and 18 years Written consent must be obtained form the parent/legal guardian for all minors. Written assent must be obtained from all minors > 6 years of age Female subjects of child-bearing potential must not be pregnant and if females are fertile and sexually active, must have documented a negative urine HCG and assure use of effective contraception acceptable to the investigator (abstinence accepted) during the study period Subjects must meet the following for a diagnosis of insomnia as determined by the subject's private physician or study investigator and subject's history the complaint is significant difficulty (defined by frequency, severity, and/or chronicity) initiating or maintaining sleep;. The problem is viewed problematic by the child and/or caregiver the sleep disturbance causes clinically significant impairment in school performance, behavior, learning, or development for the child as reported by the child and/or caregiver the sleep disturbance does not occur exclusively in the context of an intrinsic dyssomnia such as narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome, or sleep-related breathing disorders; a circadian rhythm disorder; or a parasomnia the sleep disturbance is not attributable to either the direct physiologic effect of a drug of abuse or misuse of a prescribed medication  Pregnancy and/or breastfeeding The presence of any untreated (where treatment is available), or unstable, progressive, or evolving clinically significant renal, endocrine, hepatic, respiratory, cardiovascular, neurologic, hematologic, immunologic, cerebrovascular disease or malignancy Elevations in screening blood tests of renal (SCr) and liver (ALT, AST and/or bilirubin) > 2 times the upper limit of normal for age Receiving any medications that may modulate Zolpidem metabolism, primarily drugs that will enhance or reduce the activity of CYP450 3A, 2C9, or 2D6 activity. Note: If patient is receiving a medication that might be considered an inducer or an inhibitor, please discuss with the PI prior to excluding them Receiving any medications with sleep-impairing properties at a dose/dose interval that would be judged by the study investigator as to interfere with the assessment of Zolpidem sleep response Currently using any systemic contraceptive steroids including: oral contraceptives, transdermal patch, vaginal insert, levonorgestrel implant and medroxyprogesterone acetate contraceptive injection


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Neuroendocrine Tumors Must have histologically confirmed metastatic low-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms. Small cell lung cancers, paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas are excluded. Pathologic diagnosis must be confirmed at UWCCC. Grading must be confirmed by pathologic review performed at UWCCC Must have measurable disease Must have radiographic evidence of disease progression following any prior systemic therapy, chemoembolization, bland embolization, surgery, or observation Must be ≥ 4 weeks from the completion of major surgery, chemotherapy, or other systemic therapy or local liver therapy to study registration Must be ≥ 3 weeks from the completion of radiation therapy to study registration The following laboratory values are to be obtained within 14 days prior to registration: Absolute neutrophils count (ANC) ≥ 1000/mm3; Platelets ≥ 75,000/mm3; Hemoglobin ≥ 8.0 g/dL; Total bilirubin less than or equal 2.0 X the upper limit of normal (ULN); AST less than or equal to 3 X ULN or less than or equal 5 X ULN if liver metastases are present; Creatinine less than or equal ULN; Serum sodium within normal limits PS = 0-2 Capable of understanding the investigational nature, potential risks and benefits fo the study and able to provide valid informed consent Must have available tissue specimens to be analyzed for pathologic confirmation Age ≥ 18 years


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Hepatitis C, Chronic adult patients, >=18 years of age chronic hepatitis C, genotype 1 insulin resistance  other forms of liver disease cirrhosis previous treatment for chronic hepatitis C insulin treatment during prior 2 weeks type 1 diabetes


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Provision of written informed consent before initiation of any study-related procedures Men and women aged 18 to 65 years A documented clinical diagnosis according to the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision) meeting 296.4x Bipolar I disorder, most recent episode manic, 296.6x Bipolar I disorder, most recent episode mixed, or 296.5x Bipolar I disorder, most recent episode depressed PSQI total score of >=5 MADRS total score of <=12 YMRS total score of <= 12 Female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative urine pregnancy test at enrollment and be willing to use a reliable method of birth control, i.e., double-barrier method, oral contraceptive, implant, dermal contraception, long-term injectable contraceptive, intrauterine device or tubal ligation, during the study Be able to understand and comply with the requirements of the study, as judged by the investigator Outpatient status at enrollment  Patients with a diagnosis of DSM-IV Axis II disorder which has a major impact on the patient's current psychiatric status Presence of prohibited medications of antidepressants (including MAOI's) and systemic corticosteroids Patients with a diagnosis of primary insomnia disorders Patients with a diagnosis of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease A clinical finding that is untreated (eg, hypertension, poorly controlled diabetes, angina) or that, in the opinion of the investigator, would be negatively affected by the study medication or that would affect the study medication Patients with active substance abuse diagnoses (except tobacco abuse) Known history of intolerance or hypersensitivity to ramelteon or to any other component in the tablet


eligible ages (years): 18.0-75.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Current major depressive episode or mixed episode Bipolar disorder History of suicidal behavior  Requires detoxification from alcohol or other substances Blood pressure greater than 160/90 mm Hg Active medical problems Requires long-term antipsychotic maintenance Becomes manic on mood stabilizers and antidepressants Contraindication to the use of lithium 1 or valproate (including failure to respond) Failure to respond to adequate trials of paroxetine, bupropion, and venlafaxine in the 2 years prior to study entry Failure to respond to adequate trials of olanzapine, haloperidol, and perphenazine in the 2 years prior to study entry Unable or unwilling to consent to treatment Pregnant or lactating


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Persons with Bipolar Condition, Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Insomnia  Persons with severe mental illness that are confined to mental hospitals etc. as defined by the USA Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) are excluded from this clinical trial


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Panic Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder Subjects must be at least 18 years of age and not older than 65 Subjects must have lifetime bipolar I, II, or NOS disorder as defined by DSM-IV TR Subjects must have lifetime panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) as defined by DSM-IV (except clause "does not occur exclusively during a mood disorder" of Criterion F for GAD) Subjects' bipolar symptoms must be no more than moderate in severity, defined as a CGI-BP< 4 Subjects' anxiety symptoms must be at least moderate in severity, defined as a CGI-S > 4 Subjects must not be receiving regular mood stabilizing, antidepressant, antipsychotic, or anxiolytic medication for at least one week prior to baseline. Patients receiving fluoxetine or depot antipsychotics should be off these medications for at least four weeks prior to baseline Subjects or their legally authorized representative must sign the Informed Consent Document after the nature of the trial has been fully explained If female, subjects must be: postmenopausal, surgically incapable of childbearing, or practicing medically acceptable effective method(s) of contraception (e.g., hormonal methods, barrier methods, intrauterine device) for at least one month prior to study entry and throughout the study  Subjects who do not have lifetime bipolar disorder by DSM-IV-TR Subjects who do not have lifetime panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder by DSM-IV-TR Subjects who are receiving treatment with an anti-manic or mood stabilizing medication (lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, or an antipsychotic), and in the investigators' judgment, require ongoing treatment with that medication Subjects whose bipolar symptoms are presently more than moderately severe (CGI-BP>5) Subjects whose anxiety symptoms are presently less than moderately severe (CGI-S<3) Subjects with clinically significant suicidal or homicidal ideation Subjects with a current DSM-IV TR Axis I diagnosis of delirium, dementia, amnesia, or other cognitive disorders; a DSM-IV TR diagnosis of a substance dependence disorder within the past six months; a lifetime DSM-IV TR psychotic disorder (e.g., schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder) Subjects with serious general medical illnesses including hepatic, renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological, or hematological disease as determined by the clinical judgment of the clinical investigator. Subjects with hypo-or hyperthyroidism unless stabilized on thyroid replacement > 3 months Subjects with a clinically significant abnormality in their pre-study physical exam, vital signs, EKG, or laboratory tests Subjects who are allergic to or who have demonstrated hypersensitivity or intolerance to either of the active study medications


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Medullary Thyroid Cancer Histologically confirmed MTC with signs of residual/persistent disease based on tumor marker levels and/or radiographic imaging. Pathologic diagnosis must be confirmed at UWCCC. Grading must be confirmed by pathologic review performed at UWCCC Elevated neuroendocrine markers at least 1 month post -op. In MTC, persistently elevated neuroendocrine markers such as calcitonin and CEA are indicative of persistent disease Disease progression is not required for this trial weeks from the completion of major surgery, chemotherapy, or other systemic therapy or local liver therapy to study registration. Subjects will have had standard of care prior to enrollment. Subjects will have had standard of care prior to enrollment (for example it could total thyroidectomy, central lymph node dissection, and when necessary ipsilateral radical neck dissection but is tailored to the patient) weeks from the completion of radiation therapy to study registration The following laboratory values obtained within 14 days prior to registration Absolute neutrophils count (ANC) ≥ 1000/mm3 Platelets ≥ 75,000/mm3 Hemoglobin ≥ 8.0 g/dL Total bilirubin greater than or equal to 2.0 X the upper limit of normal (ULN)  Gastrointestinal tract disease resulting in an inability to take oral medication (i.e. ulcerative disease, uncontrolled nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bowel obstruction, or inability to swallow the tablets) Significant, active cardiac disease Patients must not be taking the following medications: diuretics, ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs (except aspirin or sulindac), neuroleptics, tetracycline, and COX2 inhibitors Patients with radiographic evidence of disease will be presented the option to undergo a tumor biopsy although this is not mandatory Patients already taking Lithium for any reason are not allowed on study


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Patients with diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder (DSM-IV TR) Patients or their legal representatives have provided informed consent  Patients are unable to complete or to understand health questionnaires in Spanish language Patients enrolled in clinical trials or other studies


eligible ages (years): 12.0-19.0,  All  Adolescent - Emotional Problem Smoking 19 years old Major depression Smoke cigarettes Lives with parents No confidentiality issues related to smoking  Non English speaking Suicidal ideation Pregnant


eligible ages (years): 18.0-39.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder No clinically significant abnormal findings on the physical examination, medical history, or clinical laboratory results during screening  Positive test for HIV, Hepatitis B, or Hepatitis C Treatment with known enzyme altering drugs History of allergic or adverse response to lithium, or any comparable or similar product


eligible ages (years): 25.0-45.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder No clinically significant abnormal findings on the physical examination, medical history, or clinical laboratory results during screening  Participation in a clinicl trial within 30 days prior to study initiation Positive test for HIV, Hepatitis B, or Hepatitis C Treatment with known enzyme altering drugs


eligible ages (years): 18.0-38.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder No clinically significant abnormal findings on the physical examination, medical history, or clinical laboratory results during screening  Positive test for HIV, Hepatitis B, or Hepatitis C Treatment with known enzyme altering drugs History of allergic or adverse response to lithium, or any comparable or similar product


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Depression Meets DSM-IV for Axis I bipolar II disorder Meets DSM-IV for Axis I major depressive episode Score of 16 on 17-item HAM-D rating scale Not taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) for more than 2 weeks prior to study entry Willing to use an effective form of birth control throughout the study  History of mania Current primary Axis I diagnosis other than bipolar II disorder Alcohol or drug dependence within 3 months prior to study entry Contraindication to treatment with venlafaxine or lithium Unstable medical condition (e.g., thyroid disease, hypertension, or angina pectoris) Pregnant or breastfeeding Experiencing suicidal thoughts Requires hospitalization Requires concurrent neuroleptic or MS therapy Requires concurrent AD therapy


eligible ages (years): 18.0-35.0,  All  Weight Gain Age 18-35 Body mass index between 23 and 30 Interested in preventing weight gain  BMI outside of range specified Age outside of range specified History of or current eating disorder or substance abuse Recent weight loss greater than 5% of weight Currently in another research study that would interfere


eligible ages (years): 12.0-35.0,  All  Depression, Bipolar Depressed bipolar patients (N=100; 15-20 patients/year) Patients will meet DSM-IV for type I bipolar disorder, depressed, as determined by structured interview and best-estimate diagnostic procedures.138 Patient has experienced a maximum of three documented affective episodes Patient has been off medications for one week prior to study enrollment Patient has a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) total score ≥20 Patient is between the ages of 12 and 35 years  All subjects will be excluded from participation for the following reasons Any chemical use disorder within 3 months Any history of significant suicidality that would place the patient at risk to participate in this protocol Current score ≥3 on item 3 of the HDRS-17 (Suicide Item) Any medical or neurological disorder that could influence fMRI results A history of mental retardation or an estimated IQ total score <85 An MRI scan is contraindicated in the subject for any reason The patient lives >100 miles from the University of Cincinnati or cannot attend follow-up visits Meets DSM-IV for a bipolar mixed episode


eligible ages (years): 18.0-64.0,  All  Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Diagnosis of primary insomnia based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Depression DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) Drug naive from prior psychotropic medication for more than 6 months before study entry Hamilton-Depression (HAM-D) 17 score greater than or equal to 16 Woman of childbearing age with a negative pregnancy test within 48 hours of scanning  DSM-IV Axis I diagnosis other than MDD Use of psychotropic medication within 6 months of study entry History of bipolar disorder Current alcohol or drug abuse/dependence within 6 months of study entry History of sensitivity or intolerance to s-citalopram Medical contraindication to the use of s-citalopram Unstable medical condition (e.g., angina pectoris, untreated hypertension) Pregnant or nursing Woman of childbearing potential not using a medically acceptable form of birth control Actively suicidal or requiring hospitalization


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Healthy Therapeutic Equivalency Sex: Male or Female; similar proportions of each preferred Age: At least 18 years Weight: must be 15% of ideal weight for height and frame Subjects must be in good health and physical condition as determined by medical history Subjects must read and sign the Consent Form  history of treatment for alcoholism, substance abuse, or drug abuse within past 24 months history of malignancy, stroke, diabetes, cardiac, renal or liver disease history of GERD, malabsorption syndrome, colon cancer, or chronic colitis, including Crohn's disease history of treatment for asthma within the past five (5) years history of mental depression, pulmonary disease, sleep apnea females who are pregnant or lactating history of hypersensitivity to zolpidem tartrate, or any hypnotic or sedative conditions upon screening which might contraindicate or require that caution be used in the administration of zolpidem tartrate, including sitting systolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg, or diastolic pressure below 50 mm Hg; heart rate less than 50 beats per minute after a 5-minute rest in a seated position inability to read and/or sign the consent form treatment with any other investigation drug during the four (4) weeks prior to the initial dosing for this study


eligible ages (years): 21.0-55.0,  All  Primary Insomnia Patients with insomnia will meet RDC for psychophysiologic insomnia(99). These are provided in Appendix 2. In addition, the complaint of disturbed sleep will have one or more of the following characteristics > 30 minutes to fall asleep (Initial Insomnia) awakenings per night of >15 minutes duration and/or wake after sleep onset time of > 30 minutes (Middle Insomnia) An awakening of > 30 minutes prior to the desired "wake up" time (Late Insomnia) Any two of the above complaints (Mixed Insomnia) Additionally, total sleep time will not exceed 6 hours (unless the sleep efficiency quotient is < 80%) and the problem frequency must be equal to or greater than 4 nights/ week (severe insomnia) with a problem duration > 6 months (chronic insomnia). This profile must be evident at both intake (based on retrospective reports) and as an average profile from the two weeks of baseline diaries (based on prospective sampling)  Unstable medical or psychiatric illness Assessed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version (SADS-L) To assure that the insomnia is not secondary to these factors Symptoms suggestive of sleep disorders other than insomnia Assessed with the SDS-CL To assure that the insomnia is not secondary to these factors Polysomnographic data indicating sleep disorders other than insomnia Assessed with PSG in collaboration with our sleep medicine consultants To assure that the insomnia is not secondary to these factors History of head injury with a sustained loss of consciousness Assessed by self report during the Intake Interview To help assure that the EEG measures are unconfounded by brain damage Evidence of active illicit substance use or fitting for alcohol abuse or dependence Assessed with a structured psychiatric interview schedule (the MINI) , written versions of clinical interview queries regarding alcohol use, abuse and dependence (the AUDIT and CAGE), the toxicology screen which is part of the clinical chemistries obtained during the screening physical. To assure that the insomnia is not secondary to these factors and to assure that substance use/abuse does not confound treatment Use of CNS active medications, antidepressants, and hypnotics other than zolpidem Assessed by self report and from the toxicology screen which is part of the clinical chemistries obtained during the screening physical. To help assure that the clinical effects observed in this study are due to the study medication and schedule of reinforcement Inadequate language comprehension Informally, assessed by the Clinical Research Coordinator during Intake Interview To assure the quality of self report data as all the measures are in English Pregnancy Assessed by self report and from the clinical chemistries data obtained during the screening physical. Excluded so as to 1) prevent the fetus from exposure to the study medication (although it should be noted that the medication is considered FDA pregnancy category B) and 2) control for the biopsychosocial changes that occur with pregnancy and may alter the response to the study medication and schedule of reinforcement No first-degree relatives with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia Assessed by self report and a structured psychiatric interview schedule (the SADs). Excluded to reduce risk for first onset during the study


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Mania Key Clinical diagnosis of bipolar I disorder mania, manic or mixed episode, with or without psychotic features Current ongoing lithium or valproate treatment with the possibility of benefiting, based on the investigator's clinical judgment, from adjunctive treatment with aripiprazole Therapeutic serum levels of lithium or valproate and a Young Mania Rating Total Score of 16 or higher at screening and baseline Participants taking current lithium or valproate treatment combined with antipsychotic medication other than aripiprazole are acceptable, provided that the other antipsychotic medication is washed out at least 3 days prior to the blood draw for therapeutic plasma levels of lithium and valproate determination. Long-acting antipsychotics must be washed out prior to entering the double-blind treatment Key  Women of childbearing potential who are unwilling or unable to use an acceptable method to avoid pregnancy for the entire study period and for up to 4 weeks after the last dose of investigational product A diagnosis of delirium, dementia, amnesia or other cognitive disorder, or a psychotic disorder Current diagnosis of delirium, dementia, a cognitive disorder (ie, amnesia), or a psychotic disorder (ie, schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder) Current diagnosis of bipolar II disorder, bipolar disorder not otherwise specified, or any other primary psychiatric disorder other than bipolar I disorder mania Thyroid pathology Demonstrated cocaine abuse or dependence within the past 3 months prior to screening History of neuroleptic malignant syndrome from antipsychotic agents Manic symptoms that investigator considers refractory to treatment Previous nonresponsive (by investigator judgment) to aripiprazole for manic symptoms Significant risk of suicide based on history, mental status exam, or investigator judgment


eligible ages (years): 18.0-60.0,  All  Acute Mania in Bipolar Disorder Provision of written informed consent before initiation of any study related procedures. Patients who are deemed incapable of providing informed consent maybe enrolled if written informed consent has been obtained from the patient's Legally Authorized Representative Documented clinical diagnosis meeting the DSM-IV for any of the following 4X Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Manic 0X Bipolar I Disorder, Single Manic Episode Have a YMRS score of at least 20 and a score of at least 4 on 2 of the following 4 YMRS items both at enrolment and at randomisation: Irritability, Speech, Content, and Disruptive/Aggressive Behaviour Female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative urine pregnancy test at enrolment and be willing to use a reliable method of birth control, i.e., barrier method, oral contraceptive, implant, dermal contraception, long-term injectable contraceptive, intrauterine device, or tubal ligation, during the study Be able to understand and comply with the requirements of the study, as judged by the investigator  Manic episode judged to be either the direct physiological consequence of a treatment or medical condition other than Bipolar disorder the direct physiological effect of a substance of abuse; intoxication with hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, or phencyclidine and related substances the direct physiological effect of psychostimulant or antidepressant medication Evidence of clinically severe or active disease, or a clinical finding that is unstable or that, in the opinion of the investigator, would be negatively affected by the study medication or that would affect the study medication History of seizure disorder, except febrile convulsions Hospitalization period of 3 weeks or longer immediately prior to randomization for the index manic episode Known history of intolerance or hypersensitivity to quetiapine or lithium, or to any other component in the tablets/capsules Known lack of response to quetiapine or lithium, as judged by the investigator Use of antipsychotic medication or mood stabilizer other than quetiapine and lithium at the day of randomisation (to be tapered to discontinuation between the enrolment visit and randomisation)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Healthy Sex: Male or Female; similar proportions of each preferred Age: At least 18 years Weight: must be 15% of ideal weight for height and frame Subjects must be in good health and physical condition as determined by medical history Subjects must read and sign the Consent Form  History of treatment for alcoholism, substance abuse, or drug abuse within past 24 months History of malignancy, stroke, diabetes, cardiac, renal or liver disease, or other serious illness History of GERD, malabsorption syndrome, colon cancer, or chronic colitis, including Crohn's disease History of treatment for asthma within the past five (5) years History of mental depression History of pulmonary disease History of sleep apnea Females who are pregnant or lactating History of hypersensitivity to zolpidem tartrate, or any hypnotic or sedative Treatment with any other investigational drug during the four weeks prior to the initial dosing of the study


eligible ages (years): 12.0-39.0,  All  Schizophrenia Schizoaffective Disorder Schizophreniform; Bipolar I Disorder Bipolar II Bipolar NOS Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified Autism Children and adolescents ages 12-18 with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, Schizophreniform, Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Bipolar NOS or Psychotic Disorder NOS Subjects must be on either Olanzapine, Seroquel, Clozapine or Risperdal for less than 6 weeks and have gained at least 2% of the body weight during that time  Subjects who have diabetes, hyper or hypothyroidism or other metabolic abnormalities Females who are pregnant or breast-feeding Diagnosis of asthma or peptic ulcer disease Antihypertensive agents, Metformin, lipid-lowering agents, thyroid r replacement therapy


eligible ages (years): 18.0-55.0,  All  Methodology Study Age 18-55 BMI 18-30 kg/m2 body weight > 50 kg  no history of sleep disorder no concurrent medications no alcohol use no medical issues no smoking


eligible ages (years): 18.0-45.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Medically healthy Meets DSM-IV for bipolar disorder of any subtype No more than 32 weeks gestation, dated by last menstrual period  Active suicidality or homicidality Acute psychotic symptoms


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Bipolar I Disorder Male and female adult patients with bipolar 1 disorder and acute agitation  Agitation caused primarily by acute intoxication History of drug or alcohol dependence Treatment with benzodiazepines or other hypnotics within 4 hours prior to study drug administration


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Age 18-65 male or female DSM -IV for bipolar I affective disorder Ability and willingness to sign informed consent for participation in the study  Unwillingness or inability to participate in the study


eligible ages (years): 18.0-60.0,  All  Spinal Cord Injury Subjects of either gender and 18-60 years of age Subjects with chromic spinal cord injury (defined as a history of spinal cord injury for 12 months or longer) Subjects with ASIA classification of A, B, or C for at least 6 months unchanged Spinal cord injury vertebral level should be between C4 and T10 Subjects must be able to read, understand, and complete the VAS Subjects who have voluntarily signed and dated an informed consent form, approved by an IRB/IEC, prior to any study specific procedures  A history of hypersensitivity or other adverse reaction to lithium Significant renal, cardiovascular, hepatic and psychiatric disease Significant medical diseases or infection Addison's disease Debilitation or dehydration Recently taken or are taking diuretics or other drugs with known interaction with lithium, such as tricyclic antidepressants, NSAIDs and tetracyclines A history of alcohol abuse or drug abuse Pregnant or lactating women Female of childbearing potential and are unwilling to use an effective contraceptive method while enrolled in the study Subjects who are currently participating in another investigational study or has been taking any investigational drug within the last 4 weeks prior to screening of this study


eligible ages (years): 18.0-35.0,  All  Healthy Healthy Males age 18 to 35 inclusive Body Mass Index 18 to 30 Willing to adhere to prohibitions and restrictions specified in protocol Must give informed consent  Clinically significant abnormal lab values for chemistry, hematology or urinalysis at screening Clinically significant abnormal physical exam, vital signs, or 12-lead EKG at screening Significant history of or current significant medical illness Significant history of or current psychiatric or neurological illness or sleep apnea Participation in another research study involving exposure to ionizing radiation within the last 12 months Any clinically significant MR abnormality which may be relevant to the study Metal implants which are relevant for MR or PET procedures or data History of epilepsy or fits or unexplained blackouts Serology positive for Hepatitis B surface antigen, Hepatitis C antibodies, or HIV antibodies Positive urine screen for drugs of abuse


eligible ages (years): 8.0-19.0,  All  Psychotic Disorders DSM diagnoses that have an FDA indication for atypical antipsychotic use for at least one agent in the respective pediatric or adult age group. Specifically, primary DSM-IV diagnosis of Early Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum (EOSS; schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, psychotic disorder NOS); Bipolar Spectrum (bipolar I, II and NOS); Major depressive disorder with psychosis; Mood disorder NOS corresponding to Leibenluft and colleagues severely mood dysregulated (SMD) broad spectrum bipolar disorder; Mood disorder NOS corresponding to irritability associated with autism spectrum disorders; or for adult teen participants aged 18-19 years Major depressive disorder. Diagnoses will be determined by clinical interview, Leibenluft's modification of the K-SADS-PL, and the "Aberrant Behavior Checklist" (cutoff score of 18, as used by FDA for approval of risperidone and aripiprazole in minors) Clinically stable on current treatment regimen for at least 30 days, as assessed in a three-step process Current SGA treatment with olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, ziprasidone aripiprazole, asenapine, iloperidone, lurasidone, paliperidone, or olanzapine/fluoxetine for ≥ 8 weeks Stable dose of current SGA and psychotropic co-medications for at least 30 days Body mass index (BMI) at least in the 85th percentile for age and gender Substantial weight gain over the previous 3 years while taking a SGA, as reflected by family and referring physician's judgment. The weight gain did not have to occur on the child's current SGA. Weight needs to have remained stable or increased over past year Agrees to use two effective forms of birth control or to remain abstinent Has a primary caretaker who has known the child well for at least 6 months before study entry  Treatment with any medication (other than the currently prescribed psychotropic medications) that would significantly alter glucose, insulin, or lipid levels. Exception: orlistat and amantadine are permitted if the individual has taken the drug for at least one year without weight loss Major neurological or medical illness that affects weight gain or that would prevent participation in physical activities Fasting glucose levels indicating need for prompt treatment Pediatrician or pediatric gastroenterologist recommendation to address abnormal fasting labs by pursuing more active treatment than those in the 2007 American Medical Association guidelines Diagnosis of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, as based on current or lifetime DSM-IV Diagnosis of substance dependence disorder (other than tobacco dependence) within the past month, as based on DSM-IV Positive urine toxicology indicating ongoing use of illicit substance Current treatment with more than one antipsychotic medication Current treatment with more than 3 total psychotropic medications (i.e., 2 psychotropics plus SGA), with the exception of subjects taking 2 medications for ADHD in which a total of 4 psychotropic medications are allowed Known hypersensitivity to metformin


eligible ages (years): 60.0-999.0,  All  Dementia Alzheimer Disease Dementia, Vascular Sleep Disorders Circadian Dysregulation Age between 60-99 years Clinical diagnosis of Dementia of the Alzheimer's type or Vascular Dementia  Subjects who are too agitated to be able to wear the activity monitors Subjects who are actively suicidal or homicidal or for whom the clinical treatment team considers participation in the study to be unsuitable Subjects with untreated primary sleep disorders Subjects who receive any hypnotic medications during their participation in the study; Subjects who received hypnotic medications in normal doses prior to Partners Human Subjects Research Application Form Filename: Protocol Summary Version Date: June 1, 2005 5 enrollment may participate in the study if they agree to stop receiving hypnotic medications (see above) Subjects who are receiving over the counter sleep aids Subjects who can not commit to abstaining from alcohol use while in the study Subjects with any liver disease Subjects with known anaphylactic reaction or angioedema with Zolpidem CR


eligible ages (years): 21.0-55.0,  All  Generalized Anxiety Disease Healthy males and/or females Age from 21 to 55 (inclusive) BMI ranges from 18 to 30 kg/m2  Previous participation in a PD 332334 study Pregnant or nursing females Hypersensitivity (allergic) to lithium, Neurontin (gabapentin), or Lyrica (pregabalin)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Acute Schizophrenia Provision of written informed consent by both patient and legal representative A diagnosis of schizophrenia by Chinese Classification and Diagnostic of Mental Disorder, 3rd version (CCMD-3) Male or female, aged 18 to 65 years MOAS total score ³ 10 at both screening and randomization Female patients of childbearing potential must be using a reliable method of contraception and have a negative urine human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) test at enrolment Able to understand and comply with the requirements of the study  Pregnancy or lactation Any CCMD-3 not defined in the Patients who, in the opinion of the investigator, pose an imminent risk of suicide or a danger to self or others Known intolerance or lack of response to quetiapine fumarate or haloperidol, as judged by the investigator Use of any of the following cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors in the 14 days preceding enrolment including but not limited to: ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, erythromycin, clarithromycin, troleandomycin, indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, fluvoxamine and saquinavir Use of any of the following cytochrome P450 inducers in the 14 days preceding enrolment including but not limited to: phenytoin, carbamazepine, barbiturates, rifampin, St. John's Wort, and glucocorticoids Administration of a depot antipsychotic injection within one dosing interval (for the depot) before randomisation Substance or alcohol dependence at enrolment (except dependence in full remission, and except for caffeine or nicotine dependence), as defined by CCMD-3 Opiates, amphetamine, barbiturate, cocaine, cannabis, or hallucinogen abuse by CCMD-3 within 4 weeks prior to enrolment Medical conditions that would affect absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of study treatment


eligible ages (years): 18.0-55.0,  All  Weight Gain Subjects must be between the ages of 18 and 55 years old Subjects must have bipolar I disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or MDD as defined by DSM-IV-TR and diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) Subjects must have a Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score < 16 and a Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score < 24 at screening and baseline visits Subjects must have the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) scores <2 on all subscales Subjects must have gained > 7% of their body weight following treatment with olanzapine as either documented in their medical records or by patient report Subjects must be obese, as defined by a current Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 Subjects must sign the Informed Consent Document after the nature of the trial has been fully explained If female, subjects must be: postmenopausal, surgically incapable of childbearing, or practicing medically acceptable method(s) of contraception (e.g., hormonal methods, intrauterine device, abstinence) for at least one month prior to study entry and throughout the study Subjects must be on a stable dose of olanzapine for at least 14 days and must have been on 5-30mg/day for at least 1 month Major  Subjects with clinically significant suicidal or homicidal ideation Subjects who have a DSM-IV lifetime diagnosis of a substance dependence disorder within the past 6 months or within the past month have been diagnosed with a substance abuse disorder, (except for nicotine abuse or dependence), as determined by psychiatric history or SCID interview Subjects with a clinically significant or unstable medical disease, including hepatic, renal, gastroenterologic, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrinologic, immunologic, hematologic or other systemic medical conditions, that could interfere with diagnosis, assessment, or treatment of bipolar disorder or obesity, as well as subjects with a history of pancreatitis Patients with clinically significant laboratory abnormalities (> 3 times upper limit of normal), on any of the following tests: CBC with differential, electrolytes, BUN, creatinine, hepatic transaminases, lipid profile, fasting glucose, urinalysis, or thyroid indices or clinically abnormal ECG Female patients who are either pregnant or lactating Any female patient whose sexual activity is unknown or in questions Any history of current or past diabetes that has been treated with pharmacological intervention. Subjects who have a diagnosis of diabetes, are currently receiving exenatide, insulin, or an oral anti-hyperglycemic medication, or who have a nonfasting blood glucose ≥ 200 mg/dl or a fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dl on 2 separate tests. Subjects with pre-diabetes will not be excluded Neurological disorders including epilepsy, stroke, or severe head trauma. Mental retardation (IQ <70) Treatment with an injectable depot neuroleptic within less than one dosing interval between depot neuroleptic injections and day 0 Treatment with concurrent mood stabilizers (except lithium), anticonvulsants, or antipsychotics


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Bipolar Disorders Metabolic Complication patients with bipolar disorders (I, II, NOS) diagnosed with DSM-IV age between 18 and 65 Decisional capacity is adequate to provide informed consent or has an authorized appropriate surrogate decision maker. in a syndromal remission state at least for 2 months : CGI BP ≤ 3 patients who have exhibited a clinically significant increase in body weight after starting the administration of their current antipsychotic (ie >7% weight gain)  diagnosis of eating disorder, substance abuse, and psychotic disorder history of neurological and medical illness pregnant or breast feeding women


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Acute Bipolar Depression Outpatients that meet the diagnostic for bipolar disorder I and bipolar disorder II with the most recent episode depressed The total score of the scale that's used for the evaluation of depression (HAM-D) should be ≥20 The total score of the scale that' used for the evaluation of mania (YMRS) should be ≤12  Patients with a current DSM-IV-TR Axis I disorder other than bipolar disorder within 6 months of enrollment. Patients who pose a current serious suicidal or homicidal risk Use of drugs that induce or inhibit the hepatic metabolizing enzymes within 14 days before randomisation Patients who are unable to discontinue all psychoactive medications, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers at least 7 days prior to randomisation and consistent with the pharmacokinetics of the drug


eligible ages (years): 18.0-55.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Schizophrenia Concurrently taking Zyprexa® for a psychiatric indication such as bipolar disorder or schizophrenia Stable body weight (+ 5%) for at least 2 weeks prior to baseline visit No weight loss program participation within past 3 months  Treatment with an atypical Anti-psychotic treatment other than olanzapine with the past 6 months BMI > 40 kg/m2 Use of any dietary supplements related to weight gain or weight loss within past 1 month Use of any medication related to weight or plasma lipid concentration (other than hormonal contraceptives). This includes, but not limited to: antihypertensives, benzodiazepines statins, and psychostimulants Uncontrolled hypertension (SBP >140 or DBP > 90 mmHg) Use of a hypertensive medication Known active alcohol or substance abuse or consumption of > three alcoholic beverages/day Active cardiovascular disease


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Sleep Endometrial Neoplasms Pain be women at least 18 years old have clinical indications of primary endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium be scheduled for staging surgery by laparotomy under standardized protocols have the ability to communicate in English sufficient for completion of study materials have no neuromuscular/ movement disorders (for actigraphy purposes) have no uncontrolled medical, sleep, endocrine or psychiatric illness (as determined by their attending physician as part of clinical care) have no ongoing use of medication known to affect sleep or wake function (e.g., hypnotics, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, decongestants, sedating antihistamines, beta blockers, corticosteroids)  have a history of previous or concomitant cancer have an estimated life expectancy of < 6 months will be admitted to the hospital prior to the day of surgery are unable to complete study measures are unable to provide meaningful informed consent


eligible ages (years): 18.0-64.0,  All  Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Primary Insomnia Diagnosis of primary insomnia based on DSM-IV (307.42) Written informed consent has been obtained  Patients with sleep apnea syndrome, narcolepsy, presence or suspicion of periodic leg movement or restless leg syndrome Patients with hepatic failure, myasthenia gravis, or hypersensitivity to zolpidem Patients who are known to be current drug or alcohol abuser or likely to concomitantly consume alcoholic beverages (more than 3 times/week) Patients who are pregnant, lactating or intend to become pregnant during the study period Patients who have received antidepressants or anxiolytics will not allow to change the dose or discontinue the previous medication throughout the study Any clinically significant condition, which in the opinion of the investigator makes the patients unsuitable for the trial Participation in any clinical trial within 1 month prior to randomization


eligible ages (years): 18.0-76.0,  All  Cancer Age: 18-76 Current or historical diagnosis of cancer Projected life expectancy of at least one year DSM-IV diagnoses: Acute Stress Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Anxiety Disorder due to cancer, Adjustment Disorder with anxious features Any stage of cancer diagnosis  Epilepsy Renal disease Diabetes Abnormal liver function Severe cardiovascular disease Malignant Hypertension Baseline blood pressure must be less than or equal to 140/90 Personal history or immediate family members with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder or other psychotic spectrum illness Current substance use disorder Medication contraindications: anti-seizures medications, insulin, oral hypoglycemics, clonidine, aldomet, cardiovascular medications, anti-psychotics (first and second generation), anti-depressants and mood stabilizers


eligible ages (years): 18.0-60.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Patients meeting DSM-IV for either Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Cyclothymic Disorder, or Bipolar Disorder NOS Patients on monotherapy treatment with lithium carbonate at steady state level for a minimum of two weeks prior to study treatment assignment Women are postmenopausal for at least 1 year, or surgically incapable of childbearing, or practicing an acceptable method of birth control (hormonal contraception, intrauterine device, or barrier with spermicide were acceptable) and not pregnant at baseline  Patients with a history of an acquired or hereditary neurologic disease, e.g., epilepsy or significant brain trauma Patients on depot medications, including but not limited to haloperidol, decanoate and Depo-Provera Patients who had taken acetazolamide, zonisamide, triamterene, dichlorphenamide, chronic antacids, or calcium supplements, or any medication associated with nephrolithiasis (kidney stone formation) in the month prior to beginning topiramate titration


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Dyssomnias Bipolar disorder patients with sleep disturbance Meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR; APA, 2000) diagnostic for bipolar disorder type 1 (established with the SCID: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV) Being inter-episode throughout the experiment as defined by cutoffs widely used in previous research. On the basis that a drug-free group would likely be unfeasible and unrepresentative, participants will not be excluded on the basis of medications prescribed for bipolar disorder. Comorbidity will be allowed as long as bipolar disorder is the primary diagnosis. However, it is necessary to assess comorbidity for reporting purposes Participants who have a history of bipolar 1 or suicidal ideation must be under the care of a psychiatrist Experience distress related to significant sleep disturbance  Presence of an active and progressive physical illness (e.g., congestive heart failure, cancer, COPD) or neurological degenerative diseases (e.g., dementia, multiple sclerosis) directly related to the onset and course of insomnia Alcohol or drug abuse (except nicotine) within the past year Active posttraumatic stress disorder Evidence of sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome or periodic limb movements during sleep, or a circadian-based sleep disorder (e.g., delayed or advanced sleep phase syndrome) Patients who pose a current suicidal risk or homicidal risk (assessed by treating psychiatrist) or who have made a suicide attempt within the past 6 months Pharmacotherapy for sleep defined as the benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics that operate via the GABA A receptor complex and are FDA approved for the treatment of insomnia, selective melatonin agonists, benzodiazepine anxiolytics and over the counter medications with proven efficacy such as melatonin or herbs such as St. Johns wort Use of certain medications known to alter sleep (e.g., steroids, theophylline, propranolol, antihistamines that cause drowsiness)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-80.0,  All  Multiple System Atrophy Clinical diagnosis of probable MSA (Gilman, et al. 2008) Age ≥18, <80  Heart failure Liver disease Kidney failure Thyroid disease Sick sinus syndrome and/or significant ECG alterations Hyposodemia Treatment with diuretics Treatment with haloperidol and/or other antipsychotics Treatment with NSAIDs or corticosteroids Treatment with ACE inhibitors


eligible ages (years): 18.0-80.0,  All  SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA 2 Molecular diagnosis of SCA2 (≥34 CAG in the ataxin-2 gene) Age ≥18, <80 SARA score ≥8  SARA score >32 Heart failure Liver disease Kidney failure Thyroid disease Sick sinus syndrome and/or significant ECG alterations Hyposodemia Treatment with diuretics Treatment with haloperidol and/or other antipsychotics Treatment with NSAIDs or corticosteroids


eligible ages (years): 20.0-65.0,  All  Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Patient is diagnosed as a primary insomnia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) Patients complaining of insomnia continuously for 4 weeks or longer Patient's usual bedtime is between 9 p.m. and 12 a.m. for the 4 week period prior to initial screening Patient on most occasions sleeps for a total of ≥3 and <6.5 hours over the 4 week period prior to initial screening Patient's usual wake time after sleep onset in a single night is ≥45 minutes per night for the 4 week period prior to initial screening Patients have a body weight of ≥45 kg and ≤85 kg, a BMI of ≥18.5 and <30  Patients with schizophrenia or manic-depressive psychosis Patients with insomnia caused by physical diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, fibrositis syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, rheumatic disease, climacteric disturbance, and dermatitis atopic Patients with circadian rhythm sleep disorder Patient works night shifts Patients with alcoholic sleep disorder Patients with alcohol or drug dependence or a history of these Patients with insomnia related with drugs including antiparkinson, antihypertensive, or steroid drugs Patients with sleep apnea syndrome Patients with restless legs syndrome or periodic limb movement disorder Patients with epileptic insomnia


eligible ages (years): 21.0-70.0,  All  Primary Insomnia age 21-70 yrs non-pregnant females who agree to standard birth control for 12 months and males two of the following chronic insomnia complaints: >30 min sleep latency, < 6 hrs sleep, or nonrestorative sleep meet DSM-IV for primary insomnia  any acute or unstable illness: conditions making it unsafe for the subject to participate, conditions with a potential to disturb sleep (i.e. acute pain, respiratory infection), and conditions which could interact with the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of zolpidem chronic illnesses: renal failure, liver disease, seizures, and dementing illnesses current psychiatric diseases: alcohol or substance abuse, depression, and schizophrenia a history of alcohol or substance abuse within the past two years a prestudy positive urine drug screen consuming >14 standard (1oz) alcoholic drinks per week caffeine consumption >300 mg/day smoking during the night (11pm-7am) medications including: anxiolytics, hypnotics. both prescription and OTC, (except in the chronic zolpidem group), antidepressants, anticonvulsants, sedating H1 antihistamines (non-sedating second generation H1 antihistamines are allowed), systemic steroids, respiratory stimulants and decongestants, prescription and OTC stimulants, prescription and OTC diet aids, herbal preparations, and narcotic analgesics. All medications and doses will be documented sleep disordered breathing (SDB) defined as >10 apnea-hypopneas events per hour of sleep time or any other primary sleep (e.g., restless legs syndrome) or circadian disorder


eligible ages (years): 18.0-90.0,  All  Bipolar Disorder Have a diagnosis of bipolar disorder Be 18 years or older Be a biological parent of a child who is younger than 30 years old Be willing to participate in the survey The participant must be (or must have been) the primary caretaker for his or her child  A participant must meet criteria A participant s child cannot have been diagnosed with a mood disorder or other serious psychiatric disorder A participant s child cannot have been adopted The participant s child cannot be 30 years of age or older