eligible ages (years): 18.0-80.0,  All  Stroke Female or male in-patient Age 18 years Clinical diagnosis of ischemic stroke causing a measurable neurological deficit defined as impairment of language, motor function, cognition, gaze, vision and/or neglect. Ischemic stroke is defined as an event characterized by sudden onset of acute focal neurological deficit, presumed to be caused by cerebral ischemia, after CT scan of hemorrhage Onset of symptoms within 3 hours prior to initiation of thrombolysis treatment Stroke symptoms present for at least 30 minutes that had not significantly improved before treatment. Symptoms must be distinguishable from an episode of generalized ischemia (i.e. syncope), seizure, or migraine disorder Patients are willing to receive thrombolysis treatment and to give informed consent with regard to retrieval of data and follow up procedures, according to the regulations in participating countries Willingness and ability to comply with the study protocol  Evidence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on the CT-scan Symptoms of ischemic attack began more than 3 hours prior to infusion start or when time of symptom onset is unknown Minor neurological deficit or symptoms rapidly improving before start of infusion Severe stroke as assessed clinically and/or by appropriate imaging techniques Seizure at onset of stroke Symptoms suggestive of subarachnoid hemorrhage, even if the CT-scan is normal Administration of heparin within the previous 48 hours and a thromboplastin time exceeding the upper limit of normal for laboratory Patients with any history of prior stroke and concomitant diabetes Prior stroke within the last 3 months Platelet count of below 100,000/mm³


Karen is a 72-year-old woman with hypertension and type 2 diabetes, who was hospitalized for cryptogenic stroke two weeks ago. At the time, computed tomography was negative for brain hemorrhage and she was given thrombolytic therapy with resolution of her symptoms. Transesophageal echocardiogram and magnetic resonance angiogram of brain and great vessels found no evidence of abnormalities. She presents currently with a blood pressure of 120/70 mm Hg, normal glucose, and normal sinus rhythm on a 12-lead electrocardiogram. She reports history of occasional palpitations, shortness of breath and chest pain lasting for a few minutes and then stopping on their own.

eligible ages (years): 41.0-999.0,  All  Ischemic Stroke Patients with a recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) with brain infarction on brain imaging No history of atrial fibrillation or finding of atrial fibrillation on standard inpatient monitoring (electrocardiogram, telemetry, 24-hour Holter monitor) Have a presumed stroke etiology: Lacunar or small vessel thrombosis, extra-cranial or intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis or dissection, arteriopathy or vasculitis, hypercoagulable state, aortic arch plaque with or without mobile elements, or evidence of a low-risk cardiac source (e.g., patent foramen ovale with or without atrial septal aneurysm and with or without evidence of venous thromboembolic source) Have virtual CHADS2 score ≥3 or Have 2 or more of the following co-morbidities: obstructive sleep apnea, coronary artery disease, (Chronic Pulmonary Obstructive Disease (COPD), hyperthyroidism, Body Mass Index> 30, prior myocardial infarction, prolonged PR interval (>175 ms) or renal impairment (GFR 30-60) Patient or legally authorized representative who is willing to sign written consent form Patient is ≥40 years old (patients younger than 40 years old have a very low likelihood of having atrial fibrillation and are therefore excluded from the study) Patient can have the device implanted within 7 days of the incident ischemic event  Documented history of AF or atrial flutter Evidence of a high-risk cardiac source of embolism (Left Ventricular or Left Atrial thrombus or "smoke," emboligenic valvular lesion or tumor) Untreated hyperthyroidism Myocardial infarction or coronary bypass grafting within 1 month prior to the stroke/TIA Valvular disease requiring immediate surgical intervention Permanent indication for anticoagulation at enrollment Permanent oral anticoagulation contraindication Already included in another clinical trial that will affect the objectives of this study Life expectancy is less than 1 year Pregnancy. Urine or serum pregnancy test is required for women of child bearing potential to pregnancy


eligible ages (years): 18.0-80.0,  All  Myocardial Infarction Ischemic cardiac pain of >= 20 minutes and <= 6 hours Age 18 years Ability to give informed consent (witnessed verbal or written) Ability to follow protocol and comply with follow -up requirements  Current participation in another clinical trial Patient will be ineligible for pre hospital administration of actilyse if any of the following apply Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated with a thrombolytic agent within the preceding 4 days BP (blood pressure) > 180/100 mmHg (on one measurement) Significant bleeding disorder within the past 6 months Major surgery, biopsy of a parenchymal organ, or significant trauma (including any trauma associated with the current AMI) within 3 months History of stroke, transient ischaemic attack, or central nervous system structural damage (e.g. neoplasm, aneurysm, intracranial surgery) Oral anticoagulation Recent (within 10 days) non compressible vascular puncture


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Death Stroke Myocardial Infarction previously cardiac operation, CABG or AVR  Previous Atrial fibrillation


eligible ages (years): 70.0-999.0,  All  Sarcopenia Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 diabetes mellitus: patients taking drugs for diabetes will be diagnosed as having diabetes. In all other patients, a diagnosis will be established according to the of the American Diabetes Association Sarcopenia (non-severe): individuals with low muscle mass and either low muscle strength or low physical performance will be diagnosed with sarcopenia, according to the of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) Healthy volunteers: no diabetes, no sarcopenia and none of the  (overall population) acute diseases chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) conditions associated with sarcopenia/altered body composition (e.g. disability, altered endocrine function, chronic diseases, nutritional deficiencies, cancer) obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) moderate-severe hepatic disease chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 ml/min per 1.73m2) metal prostheses recent or ongoing infection inability or unwillingness to provide informed consent


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Stroke Atrial Fibrillation Arrhythmias, Cardiac Diagnosis of the index event* made by a stroke specialist of an acute ischemic stroke or TIA occurring within the previous 90 days. The event must be either an arterial ischemic stroke confirmed by neuroimaging; or transient ischemic attack with diffusion weighted positive lesion on MRI At least one 12-lead ECG has already been obtained as part of the routine clinical post-stroke/TIA work-up, and no ECGs have shown any episodes of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter The patient is being actively investigated for the etiology of the stroke/TIA event and additional cardiac monitoring is desired to screen further for the possibility of occult paroxysmal atrial fibrillation/flutter Age 18 years or older Informed consent from the patient The patient is expected to survive at least 6 months  Any previously documented atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, i.e. a past history of atrial fibrillation/flutter or atrial fibrillation/flutter detected on ECG, Holter, or telemetry following the index stroke/TIA event (a remote history of transient perioperative atrial fibrillation is not exclusionary) Planned carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting within 90 days Any condition for which there is already an indication for long term anticoagulation Pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator device Work-up for stroke that has already included extended (>48 hour) external ECG (excluding telemetry) Stroke and/or comorbid illness will prevent completion of planned follow-up assessments


eligible ages (years): 20.0-80.0,  All  Type 2 Diabetes 80 years of age Type 2 diabetes patients (who have taken stably oral diabetic drugs or insulin, and been doing lifestyle improvement by doctor's advice for recent over 3 months) in case insulin treated, patients with basal insulin once a day or premixed insulin twice a day HbA1c between 7.0% and 10.0% ability to understand and use smartphone application  type 1 diabetes or patients using insulin pump severe complications (stage IV,V chronic kidney failure, diabetic food complications, unstable angina pectoris, MI or stroke, surgical procedure of coronary & peripheral artery within recent 6 months) uncontrolled hypertension pregnant woman, fertile woman who will not use contraception unable to use application during treatment taking medication which can affect on glucose level alcohol abuse or dependency over 2.5 times from the upper limit of liver enzyme level DKA(diabetic ketoacidosis) or HHS(Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome) history during recent 6 months


eligible ages (years): 18.0-80.0,  All  Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Systemic Embolism 80 years Have documented AF episodes The occurrence of ischemic stroke, TIA or systemic thromboembolism in the previous 1-6 months Having at least one of the following major risk factors of stroke: HT, DM, or HF, or having two of the following minor factors of stroke: ≥65 y, vascular disease, or female Capable of understanding and signing the CRF  Reversible AF Modified Rankin score ≥4 Having a history of rheumatic, severe valvular heart disease or heart valve replacement Having symptomatic carotid artery disease Having another disease which requires lifelong warfarin therapy Medical conditions limiting expected survival to <1 year Women of childbearing potential (unless post-menopausal or surgically sterile) Participation in any other clinical mortality trial Unable to give informed consent


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Resident Education and Assessment of Difficult and High Acuity Scenarios That Focus on Cardiac Anesthesia Resident physicians who have completed at least one month of cardiac rotation are included.This high fidelity simulation lab course if offerred to every resident that meets the criteria.This is a part of their educational activity.At the beginning of the course they are given the option to participate in the survey.If they do not wish to participate in the survey it will not affect their education.Participitaion in the survey is purely voluntary  Resident physicians that did not wish to participate in filling out the survey or not able to fill out the survey


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Atrial Fibrillation Patients who have agreed to undergo the hybrid ablation procedure because of atrial fibrillation


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Stroke Prevention and Control Atrial Fibrillation Patients ≥18 years of age diagnosed with non-valvular atrial fibrillation with a risk of stroke or systemic embolism treated in primary care centres Patients on regular treatment with anticoagulants who have changed their therapeutic regimen due to any clinical situation and have been on treatment with a direct oral anticoagulant for at least three months before being recruited (date of signing the in-formed consent) Patients whose first direct oral anticoagulant prescription is written by the specialist (cardiologist, haematologist, internist, etc.) and who are followed in primary care Patients who have given their informed consent in writing  Patients who changed their anticoagulant therapy within a period of less than three months before signing the informed consent Patients with cognitive impairment preventing them from understanding what is written in the patient information sheet or the informed consent, or from per-forming the self-administered questionnaires Patients who started anticoagulant therapy for non-valvular atrial fibrillation with a direct oral anticoagulant


eligible ages (years): 60.0-999.0,  All  Hypertension Atrial Fibrillation Female and male outpatients aged 60 years and older Patients having being diagnosed with arterial hypertension For patients without a history of AF diagnosis, the decision to perform electrocardiography testing, either standard 12-lead ECG or ambulatory ECG, at the study visit has been made as per the investigator's routine practice Patients with available medical records Written signed and dated informed consent  Presence of any condition/circumstance which in the opinion of the investigator would make the patient unfit to participate in the study or would compromise the quality of the study data (e.g., non-native speaker or patient who does not understand the local language unless reliable interpreter services are available; failure to cooperate due to major psychiatric disturbances, dementia, or substance use disorder) Patients currently participating in any investigational program with interventions outside of routine clinical practice or who have received any investigational product within 1 month or 5 half-lives of the investigational agent (whichever is longer) prior to enrollment


eligible ages (years): 18.0-90.0,  All  Atrial Fibrillation Primary and secondary diagnosis with AF The base population of AF patients will be identified in the National Patient Registry. For a given period of time (2000-2013, both years inclusive) all patients with a hospital contact (admission, outpatient visit or ER visit) and for whom AF was the primary or secondary diagnosis code (ICD10-code: DI480, DI481, DI482, DI483, DI484, DI489) will be included  Patients younger than 18 and older than 90 years of age


A 4 year old boy presents to the emergency room with wheezing. He has had a history of allergic rhinitis, but no history of wheezing. His mother reports that 5 hours ago patient was playing in the backyard sandbox when she heard him suddenly start coughing. The coughing lasted only moments, but he has been audibly wheezing since. Mother was concerned, because his breathing has not returned to normal, so she brought him to the ED. On exam, the child is playful and well appearing. Wheezing is heard in the mid-right chest area. O2 sats are 100% on room air.

eligible ages (years): 18.0-75.0,  All  Asthma Lung Diseases Patients with asthma; specific vary for each study


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Chest Pain Sickle Cell Anemia Males or females 18 to 65 years of age Diagnosis of sickle cell disease (electrophoretic documentation of SS homozygosity is required) or identification as a normal volunteer Hematocrit greater than 18% (with an absolute reticulocyte count greater than 100,000/ml) Hematocrit 18-21% (with an absolute reticulocyte count greater than 100,000/ml): Only 100 ml of blood may be drawn. The study subject may be re-entered in the study after four weeks (with repeat full screening labs)  Clinically unstable sickle cell anemia defined by the following Having greater than two acute pain crises in the last two months; on hydroxyurea or butyrate therapy any time in the last 12 months; or blood transfusion within last three months, or % hemoglobin A greater than 20% Age less than 18 years or greater than 65 years Current pregnancy or lactation Inability to exercise the anterior tibialis muscle Active cigarette smoker-defined as the inhalation of smoke from any tobacco product in the last one month Medical conditions: diabetes mellitus; coronary artery disease; peripheral vascular disease; migraine headaches in the last 12 months; history of previous CVA or stroke; or creatinine greater than 1.0 mg/dL MRI Exclusions: cardiac pacemaker or implantable defibrillator; aneurysm clip; neural stimulator (e.g. TENS-Unit); any type of ear implant; or metal in the eye (e.g. from machining); any implanted device (e.g. insulin pump, drug infusion device); or any metallic foreign body, shrapnel, or bullet Hematocrit less than or equal to 18 percent: will not be eligible for the study; may return for evaluation at a later date No aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (no and caffeine the day of the study.) Patients on opiates and acetaminophen will not be excluded


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Healthy Hypercapnia Any normal volunteer above the age of 18 years old who is capable of giving informed consent  Subjects will be excluded if they have contraindications to MR scanning, such as the following: aneurism clip, implanted neural stimulator, implanted cardiac pacemaker or autodefibrillator, chochlear implant, ocular foreign body (e.g., metal shavings), or insulin pump. Also, subjects will be excluded if they have panic disorder or migrane (because of possible complications with CO2 inhilation), or if they have cirrhosis, are on high dose aspirin therapy, or have an allergy to acetazolamide injection). Subjects will be excluded if they have allergies to sulfonamide drugs or if they have a chronic respiratory illness


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Healthy Hypercapnia Any healthy normal volunteer above the age of 18 who is capable of giving informed consent  Subjects will be excluded for the following reasons They have contraindications to MR scanning, such as the following: aneurysm clip, implanted neural stimulator, implanted cardiac pacemaker or autodefibrillator, cochlear implant, ocular foreign body (e.g., metal shavings), or insulin pump They have panic disorder or migraine (because of possible complications with CO2 inhalation) They have cirrhosis, any renal dysfunction, or a chronic respiratory illness (such as asthma) They have allergies to sulfonamide drugs or cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors (NSAIDS)


eligible ages (years): 21.0-55.0,  All  Asthma Mild to moderate persistent asthma (NAEPP 1997 revised guidelines) Current use of inhaled beta-2 agonists or steroid inhaler therapy only (No use of prednisone in past 3 months) No use of products (i.e. antacids, laxatives, supplements) containing more than 50 mg Mg daily in the last 3 months No current use of theophylline, leukotriene antagonists, or other systemic immunomodulating compounds Nonsmoker No concurrent pulmonary disease (pulmonary hypertension, cystic fibrosis, sarcoidosis, bronchiectasis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, restrictive lung disease, abnormal DLCOva) No concurrent medical diagnoses (alcoholism, coronary artery disease, diabetes, HIV infection, chronic hepatitis, uncontrolled hypertension, chronic renal failure or a psychiatric disorder that is judged to make full participation difficult) Not pregnant or lactating


eligible ages (years): 15.0-85.0,  All  Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Asthma, Bronchial Non-smoker A 2-year documented history of seasonal allergic rhinitis A 1-year documented history of chronic asthma Positive allergy testing  Medical history of a lung disorder (other than asthma) or a recent upper respiratory tract infection


eligible ages (years): 8.0-17.0,  All  Asthma Allergy Children and adolescents between 8 and 17 years of age at the start of the trial (born after 01 March '88, but before 01 September '97) Bronchial asthma, diagnosed by a physician, and confirmed by a physician at a paediatric department of a Norwegian Hospital Allergy against dogs, confirmed by skin prick test. Average infiltrate at least 4 millimetres against dog, diagnosed by a new skin prick test at entry. For details about skin prick test, see attachment no. 6 Having had nose or breathing symptoms by contact with dogs, when no drugs against asthma or allergy have been taken Able to co-operate at cold air hyperventilation test and spirometry (see attachment no. 2) Given written consent (by parents of children below 12; by parents and child when above 12, but below 16; by patient when above 16)  Positive house dust mite skin prick test, with a more than 3 mm infiltrate Having taken oral beta-2-agonists or theophylline preparations for the last 2 weeks before trial start, or oral steroids for the last 3 months before start of the trial Active smoking Dogs or cats in the home Staying away from the home continuously for more than 14 days in the trial period or during the last month before trial start Being an in-patient in a special department or institution for asthma and allergy in the trial period or the last 3 months before the trial Having another chronic disease that can influence the results of ECP or cold air hyperreactivity tests Other types of mechanical ventilation or air filtration systems in the homes, except for those for kitchen stoves


eligible ages (years): 2.0-10.0,  All  Asthma All patients must have a known history of asthma and present to the hospital/clinic with severe acute exacerbation Male or female patients 2 to 10 years of age Parents or legal guardians of patients must sign an Informed Consent Form prior to participation in the trial  Patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to study drugs Patients with medical condition that would contraindicate the use of beta2-adrenergic or anticholinergic medications Patients with first wheezing episode only Prior intubation for asthma for more than 24 hours Patients who used ipratropium within six hours prior to consultation Patients with concurrent stridor or possible presence of intra-thoracic foreign body Patients with disease known to have chronic effect on respiratory function ( e.g., cystic fibrosis or cardiac disease) Patients requiring immediate resuscitation or airway intervention With psychiatric disease or psychosocial problems Patients on other investigational drugs or have used any other investigational drugs within the past month


eligible ages (years): 18.0-50.0,  All  Asthma Allergy Normal lung function, defined as (Knudson 1976/1984 predicted set) FVC of > 80 % of that predicted for gender, ethnicity, age and height FEV1 of > 80 % of that predicted for gender, ethnicity, age and height FEV1/FVC ratio of > 80 % of predicted values Evidence of allergy to house dust mite Oxygen saturation of > 94 % Normal blood pressure (Systolic between 150 Diastolic between 90-60 mm Hg) Symptom Score (defined in section "f") no greater than 20 (out of a possible 60) for total symptom score with a value no greater than 3 for any one score. No more than one score may be greater or equal than 3 IgE within the following ranges and body weights for omalizumab dosing: IgE ≥30-700 int. units/mL, and weight 30-90 kg  A history of significant chronic illnesses (to diabetes, autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency state, known ischemic heart disease, chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or severe asthma, hypertension) Allergy to any medications which may be used in the course of this study (albuterol, acetaminophen, aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, corticosteroids, lactose, polyethylene glycol) Positive pregnancy test at time of initial screening Medications which may impact the results of the ozone challenge, interfere with any other medications potentially used in the study (to steroids, beta antagonists, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents) or suggest an ongoing illness (such as antibiotics) Mega doses of vitamins and supplements, homeopathic/naturopathic medicines Acute, non-chronic, medical conditions, including (but not limited to) pneumonia or bronchitis requiring antibiotics, febrile illnesses, flu-like symptoms must be totally resolved symptomatically for 2 weeks. Documentation of normal lung function (as defined in "Specific Criteria") must be met Unspecified illnesses, which in the judgment of the investigator increase the risk associated with ozone inhalation challenge, will be a basis for exclusion Physician directed emergency treatment for an asthma exacerbation within the preceding 12 months Use of systemic steroid therapy within the preceding 12 months Use of inhaled steroids, cromolyn or leukotriene inhibitors (Montelukast or zafirkulast) initiated within the past month (except for use of cromolyn exclusively prior to exercise). Patients must be on a stable regimen of therapy and shown to be stable


eligible ages (years): 1.0-5.0,  All  Asthma Children ages 1 years, enrolled in one of the designated SPARK child care centers  Children under the age of 1 year Children whose parents do not want to participate Children whose child care centers do not want to participate


eligible ages (years): 1.0-2.5,  All  Asthma Allergic Sensitization Diagnosed with eczema (atopic dermatitis) Family history of eczema, allergic rhinitis, or asthma Allergy to one or more of the following: egg white, cow's milk, peanut, or soybean Weigh at least 9.5 kg (20.9 lbs) Parent or guardian willing to provide informed consent  Allergy to house dust mite, cat, or timothy grass Born prematurely (before 36th week's gestation) Previous diagnosis of asthma OR have had 3 or more distinct episodes of wheeze during the first year of life Chronic pulmonary disease Chronic disease requiring therapy Past or current treatment with systemic immunomodulator medication Past or current treatment with allergen-specific immunotherapy Received 10 or more days of systemic steroids in the 3 months prior to study entry Orofacial abnormalities that are likely to interfere with the subject's ability to take study treatment Participated in another clinical study within the 3 months prior to study entry


eligible ages (years): 2.0-10.0,  All  Asthma Asthma Receives asthma care at a clinic in Western Washington Has access to the internet at home  Does not speak or read English


eligible ages (years): 4.0-12.0,  All  Asthma Allergies A child will be included in the HEAL intervention study if he or she Is a male or female child four to twelve years old, inclusive, at the time of recruitment, living in Orleans Parish or surrounding areas impacted by flooding Has previously been given a diagnosis of asthma by a healthcare provider and who has symptoms as described below (Criteria 3) for more than one year Is currently receiving long-term asthma control therapy, as reported at baseline, and either has symptoms consistent with persistent asthma (criterion 3a, see below) or has evidence of uncontrolled disease (criterion 3b); or is not currently receiving long-term asthma control therapy and has symptoms consistent with persistent asthma (criterion 3a) and also has evidence of uncontrolled disease (criterion 3b) . Evidence of persistent asthma as defined by the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Expert Panel Report 2: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma (1997), which includes: asthma symptoms 3 or more days per week during the last two weeks, sleep disturbed due to asthma at least 3 times in the past month, or albuterol use (Metered Dose Inhaler or nebulizer) for quick relief at least 8 times in the past two weeks, not including use as a preventive for exercise . Evidence of uncontrolled disease as defined by at least one of the following additional i. One asthma-related unscheduled visit to an emergency department (ED), urgent care (UC), or clinic in the previous 12 months ii. One asthma-related overnight hospitalization in the previous 12 months iii. One or more bursts of oral corticosteroids or equivalent in the previous 12 months Has a parent or legal guardian willing to sign the written informed consent prior to initiation into the study  A child will be excluded from the HEAL intervention study if she or he Is defined as having mild intermittent asthma at baseline evaluation Has had a life-threatening asthma exacerbation in the last 5 years requiring intubation, mechanical ventilation, or resulting in a hypoxic seizure Has significant medical illnesses other than asthma such as: any hematologic, endocrine, respiratory (other than asthma) or cardiac condition requiring daily medications; significant neurological disorder requiring daily medications; any clotting disorder; any obvious severe mental retardation that prohibits the child or the child s caregiver from answering questions or following instructions; any autoimmune disease; any immune deficiency; or any other serious medical condition including Juvenile diabetes mellitus, hypo or hyper thyroidism, hemophilia, Von Willebrands disease, sickle cell disease, cerebral palsy, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, or diagnosed allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Has not had a home evaluation completed within 4-6 weeks of the Screening Visit (may be re-screened) Lives with a foster parent Has caregiver (typically the parent or guardian) who does not have access to a phone Plans to move out of the recruitment area over the next year


eligible ages (years): 1.0-999.0,  All  Influenza Participants should be informed and assent to participate in this study. For children, informed consent should be provided by their parents or legal guardians. Children aged from 10 years old to 18 years old will be asked to assent Adults or children older than 1 year old Satisfying above definition of cases and controls  Infants younger than 12 months For any cases or controls who need proxy, they should be excluded under below situations Proxy can not provide sufficient information for this study, or Proxy refuses to participate in this study, or No suitable proxy can be found


eligible ages (years): 6.0-14.0,  All  Asthma, Bronchial Patient is male or female, 6-14 years of age with mild persistent asthma Patient has a history of the following symptoms: wheezing, chest tightness, cough, etc Patient has asthma diagnosed by a doctor  Patient is hospitalized Patient has had major surgery or participated in another clinical trial in the last 4 weeks Patient has been on a breathing tube for asthma


eligible ages (years): 12.0-999.0,  All  Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal male or female subjects ≥ 12 years year history of seasonal allergic rhinitis documented hypersensitivity to local seasonal allergens (grass pollen) documented pollen-induced asthma without acute ongoing exacerbation of asthma or allergic rhinitis no continuous ongoing treatment for rhinitis or asthma  non-allergic rhinitis and anatomic abnormalities disturbing the analysis of nasal capacity symptomatic rhinitis or asthma due to tree pollens currently treated by specific grass pollen immunotherapy suffering from non-allergic asthma chronic use of inhaled steroids and/or long acting β2 agonists; and/or corticosteroid dependent asthma atopic dermatitis or urticaria requiring an antihistamine treatment or the administration of oral or topical corticosteroids contraindication for salbutamol use


eligible ages (years): 18.0-50.0,  All  Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive Healthy adult male or female aged between 18 and 50 years Body mass index within the range 19-29.9 kilograms/metre2 Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) >80% predicted and a FEV1/ Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) ratio > 0.7 The subject has an increase in sGAW of >% over pre-dose baseline within 2 h of administration of 400 ug salbutamol by MDI inhaler at screening or in the 3 months before screening Subject has an increase in sGaw of 25% over pre-dose baseline within 2 h following 40 ug ipratropium bromide at screening or in the 3 months before screening Subjects are current non-smokers who have not used any tobacco products in the 6-month period preceding the screening visit and have a pack history of < 10 pack years  A past or present disease, which as judged by the Investigator and medical monitor may affect the outcome of the study or the safety of the subject History of respiratory disease Significant abnormal 12 lead ECG, QTc(B) and QTc(F) value at screening >450msec on an individual ECG or a PR interval outside the range 120-210 msec Supine mean heart rate outside the range 45-90 beats per minute (bpm) at screening Subject has donated a unit of blood within the 56 days or intends to donate within 56 days after completing the study Subject is currently taking regular (or course of) medication whether prescribed or not (with the exception of contraceptives, including vitamins and herbal remedies such as St John's Wort) Subject has participated in a clinical study with a New Chemical Entity (NCE) within the past 1 month Infected with the Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, or HIV virus Subject has a history of drug or other allergy, which, in the opinion of the Investigator, contraindicates their participation


eligible ages (years): 6.0-17.0,  All  Allergic Rhinitis Patients Patients between 6 and 17 years old Patients with allergic rhinitis Witness Patients between 6 and 17 years old Patients without allergic rhinitis and asthma  Rhino-bronchitis infection dated from less than 15 days Patients younger than 6 or older than 17 years


eligible ages (years): 5.0-12.0,  All  Asthma Physician diagnosis of asthma for at least a year At least one acute exacerbation of asthma in past 12 months that required a visit to the emergency department, hospitalization or an unscheduled office visit for acute care and/or a course of oral steroids Taking daily controller medications or symptoms consistent with persistent asthma  No phone Unable to speak English Child has another disease that requires regular monitoring by pediatrician A sibling is already enrolled in the study Child's primary asthma provider is an asthma specialist


eligible ages (years): 12.0-999.0,  All  Allergic Asthma Allergic Rhinitis Allergic asthma or allergic rhinitis age 12+  smokers


eligible ages (years): 1.0-45.0,  All  Respiratory Sounds Patient and/or parents/guardian signed informed consent Patients with cough or shortness of breath  Chest tubes Skin lesions precluding attachment of sensors Respiratory distress Pregnant women


eligible ages (years): 0.25-2.0,  All  Asthma age 3-23 months be delivered at >=37 weeks first wheezing episode written informed consent from guardian  chronic illness other than atopy previous systemic or inhaled corticosteroid treatment participation to another study varicella contact if previously intact need for intensive care unit treatment, or poor understanding of Finnish


eligible ages (years): 0.5-16.0,  All  Aspirated Foreign Body of Lower Respiratory Tract age between 6 months and 16 years suspicion of a foreign body aspiration health care assurance information of parents  emergency situation certainly of foreign body presence delay for CT Scan realization longer than 24 hours no speaking French parents parents refusal


eligible ages (years): 6.0-12.0,  All  Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Asthma Children must be >= 6 to < 12 years of age of either sex and any race Children's parent(s) or legal representative(s) must demonstrate their willingness to participate in the study and comply with its procedures by signing an informed consent Children must be free of any clinically significant disease (other than SAR) that would interfere with study evaluations Children's parent(s) or legal representative(s) must understand and be able to adhere to dosing and visit schedules, agree to report concomitant medications and adverse events to the Investigator or designee The diagnosis of seasonal allergic rhinitis with or without intermittent asthma will be assessed by Clinical history of sneezing, rhinorrhea (nasal discharge/running nose or post-nasal drip), nasal stuffiness/congestion and nasal itching and non-nasal symptoms (eye symptoms) as itching, burning, tearing and redness, during the previous pollen season Ascertained skin prick positivity (or RAST positivity) to one of the following: grasses, parietaria, birch, hazelnut (the skin test has to be performed within the last year) Children must be clinically symptomatic with SAR at Visit 1 (day 1): the total (nasal + non nasal) symptoms score must be >= 8 with a nasal congestion score of >= 2, and the non-nasal symptoms severity score must be >= 2 Asthma symptoms (wheezing, cough, difficulty breathing, chest tightness) will be evaluated at visit 1 (day 1) and graded only for child with concomitant asthma  Children who have not observed the designated washout periods for any of the prohibited medications Children with persistent asthma (mild, moderate or severe) or perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) Children with rhinitis medicamentosa Children who have had an upper respiratory tract or sinus infection that required antibiotic therapy within 14 days prior to Visit 1 (day 1), or children who have had a viral upper respiratory infection within 7 days prior to Visit 1 (day 1) Children who have nasal structural abnormalities, including nasal polyps and marked septal deviation, that significantly interfere with nasal airflow Children who, in the opinion of the Investigator, are dependent upon nasal, oral or ocular decongestants, nasal topical antihistamines, or nasal steroids Children with a history of hypersensitivity to desloratadine or any of its excipients Children who have any current clinically significant metabolic, cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, immunologic, neurologic, hematologic, gastrointestinal, cerebrovascular or respiratory disease, or any other disorder which, in the judgment of the Investigator, may interfere with the study evaluations or affect subject safety A known lack of response to H1-antihistamines


eligible ages (years): 18.0-50.0,  All  Asthma Hypersensitivity for healthy controls Normal lung function, defined as (Knudson 1976/1984 predicted set) FVC of > 80 % of that predicted for gender, ethnicity, age and height FEV1 of > 80 % of that predicted for gender, ethnicity, age and height FEV1/FVC ratio of > .75 Oxygen saturation of > 94 % and normal blood pressure (Systolic between 150 Diastolic between 90-60 mm Hg) Symptom Score no greater than 6 (out of a possible 24) for total symptom score with a value no greater than 2 for any one score Negative methacholine inhalation challenge as performed in the screening protocol. (Less than a 20% decrease in FEV1 at a maximum methacholine concentration of 10 mg/ml) --Negative pregnancy test for females Negative allergy skin test (AST) for allergic asthmatics also  Any chronic medical condition considered by the PI as a contraindication to the exposure study including significant cardiovascular disease, diabetes requiring medication, chronic renal disease, or chronic thyroid disease Physician directed emergency treatment for an asthma exacerbation within the preceding 12 months Use of systemic steroid therapy within the preceding 12 months for an asthma exacerbation. All use of systemic steroids in the last year will be reviewed by a study physician Use of inhaled steroids, cromolyn or leukotriene inhibitors (montelukast or zafirlukast) except for use of cromolyn exclusively prior to exercise Use of daily theophylline within the past month Use of tricyclics and MAO inhibitors Pregnancy or nursing a baby Cigarette smoking > 1 pack per month Nighttime symptoms of cough or wheeze greater than 1x/week at baseline (not during a clearly recognized viral induced asthma exacerbation) which would be characteristic of a person of moderate or severe persistent asthma as outlined in the current NHLBI guidelines for diagnosis and management of asthma Exacerbation of asthma more than 2x/week which would be characteristic of a person of moderate or severe persistent asthma as outlined in the current NHLBI guidelines for diagnosis and management of asthma


eligible ages (years): 3.0-10.0,  All  Asthma All 6 must be met Physician-diagnosed asthma (based on caregiver report with validation from the child's physician) > 2 ED visits or > 1 hospitalization for asthma within past 12 months Mild persistent to severe persistent asthma based on NHLBI guidelines (7-9) having any 1 of the following An average of > 2 days per week of asthma symptoms > 2 days per week with rescue medication use (albuterol, xopenex) OR > 2 days per month of nighttime symptoms Age > 3 and < 10 years Reside in Baltimore Metropolitan area Not currently participating in another asthma study or sibling enrolled in PAAL study  Inability to speak and understand English No access to a working phone or alternate phone for follow-up surveys Co-morbid respiratory condition including cystic fibrosis, chronic lung disease (BPD), lung cancer, tracheostomy that could interfere with the assessment of asthma-related outcome measures Children residing in foster care or where consent cannot be obtained from a legal guardian


eligible ages (years): 18.0-39.0,  All  Asthma Personal history of asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis or a history of asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis in the biological father of the child Gestational age between 10 and 18 weeks at the time of randomization Maternal age between 18 and 39 years Not a current smoker English or Spanish speaking Intent to participate for the full 4 years (through Pregnancy and then until the 3rd birthday of the child)  Not meeting Gestational age greater than 18 weeks Presence of chronic medical conditions Taking vitamin D supplements containing more than 2000 IU/day of vitamin D3 Multiple gestation pregnancy (twins, triplets) Pregnancy achieved by assisted reproduction techniques (e.g., IUI, IVF)


eligible ages (years): 6.0-9.0,  All  Bronchial Asthma Clinical diagnosis of bronchial asthma Must be able to swallow tablets  Steroid inhalation or ingestion


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Avian Influenza Virus Diseases Be at least 18 years old Be willing to participate by signing a consent form, completing the study questionnaire, and providing a blood sample  Less than 18 years old Any known immunosuppressive condition or immune deficiency disease (including HIV infection), or ongoing receipt of any immunosuppressive therapy. (Note that we have chosen to such populations because of their increased risk of acquiring infections, they are relatively few, and are not representative of a national sample) Any individual with unknown poultry exposure status, or who was exposed to poultry more than 5 years ago


eligible ages (years): 6.0-14.0,  All  Asthma Allergic Rhinitis children with intermittent asthma and allergic rhinitis  children with acute respiratory symptoms in the last 4 weeks children with nasal polyposis or bronchial or respiratory tract infections children with a severe exacerbation of asthma resulting in hospitalization during the last month


eligible ages (years): 3.0-10.0,  All  Asthma (all 4 must be met) Physician-diagnosed asthma (based on parent report) Persistent asthma (criteria based on NHLBI guidelines). Any 1 of the following An average of >2 days per week with asthma symptoms >2 days per week with rescue medication use >2 days per month with nighttime symptoms ≥2 episodes of asthma during the past year that have required systemic corticosteroids Age ≥3 and ≤10 years Attending school in participating Rochester City School District preschools or elementary schools  Inability to speak and understand English. (*Parents unable to read will be eligible, and all instruments will be given verbally.) No access to a working phone for follow-up surveys (either at the subject's home or an easily accessible alternate phone number) Family planning to leave the school district within fewer than 6 months The child having other significant medical conditions, including congenital heart disease, cystic fibrosis, or other chronic lung disease, that could interfere with the assessment of asthma-related measures Children in foster care or other situations in which consent cannot be obtained from a guardian


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Allergic Asthma Allergic Rhinitis Subjects over 18 years old with allergic asthma and/or allergic rhinitis who are beginning allergen desensitization  Smokers Subjects of dimished capacity


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Asthma male or female to 65 years of age non smoker beta agonist naive for at least 14 days baseline FEV1 at least 70% predicted no respiratory tract infection or allergen exposure (if atopic) within 4 weeks of visit 1  poorly controlled asthma pregnant or lactating women


eligible ages (years): 18.0-60.0,  All  Asthma Male or female subjects with history of mild atopic asthma between 18 and 60 years-of-age Body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 35 kg/m2 Normal or clinically acceptable physical examination (PE), clinical laboratory values, and ECG; clinically acceptable PE includes history of mild atopic asthma Used only inhaled short-acting β2-agonists infrequently to treat asthma No current exposure to allergens to which subject experiences asthmatic responses No other lung disease, exacerbations of asthma or lower respiratory tract infections for at least 6 weeks prior to screening Positive skin prick test to common aeroallergens at screening Additional apply  History or evidence of a clinically significant disorder (including psychiatric), condition or disease that would pose a risk to subject safety or interfere with the study evaluation, procedures or completion History or current medical conditions that are contraindicated for methacholine challenge, such as myocardial infarction or stroke within previous 3 months, known cardiac disease, uncontrolled hypertension and aortic or cerebral aneurysm Evidence of active or suspected bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic infections within past 6 weeks Subject has know type I/II diabetes History of residential exposure to tuberculosis or has a positive PPD or QuantiFERON test within 4 weeks before randomization Subject who has history of malignancy of any type within 5 years prior to enrollment Subjects tested positive for drugs/alcohol or nicotine use at screening Subjects tested positive for HIV, Hep B or Hep C Additional apply


eligible ages (years): 6.0-11.0,  All  Asthma Subjects will females (6 to 9 years of age) and males (6 to 11 years of age) All subjects must have a history of physician diagnosed mild intermittent or mild persistent asthma as documented by PCP medical record or detailed history by study investigator All subjects must have a height within normal limits (5th to 95th percentile) and no history of abnormal growth as assessed by medical history All subjects must be pre-pubertal (Tanner Stage 1 Sexual Maturity) as assessed by physical examination Subjects may be on current treatment with montelukast as this drug does not affect growth. If a subject is on montelukast at screening/baseline, they will remain on a stable dose throughout the study Subjects must be willing to comply with study requirements  Subjects will be excluded if they have asthma greater than mild persistent severity as defined by NHLBI guidelines Subjects will be excluded if they used any systemic or nasal steroids within the past 60 days Subjects will be excluded if they had more than one burst of systemic steroids within the past year Subjects will be excluded if their baseline FEV1 is < 80% predicted Subjects will be excluded if they have any other serious systemic disease other than asthma Subjects will be excluded if they have taken any medication known to affect growth i.e. ADHD medications within the past 60 days Subjects will be excluded if they have a history of allergy to any of the study medications, milk protein or lactose Subjects will be excluded if they have active chickenpox or measles or recent exposure to chickenpox or measles Subjects will be excluded if they have any history of tuberculosis of the respiratory tract Subjects will be excluded if they have any active fungal, bacterial, viral or parasitic infections


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Asthma Subjects eligible for enrolment in the study must meet all of the following Informed consent: Subjects must be able to provide informed consent, have their consent signed and dated Type of subject: Subjects with documented GP diagnosis of asthma as their primary respiratory disease Current Anti-Asthma Therapy: All subjects must be prescribed maintenance therapy and receiving ICS with or without LABA (either a fixed combination or via separate inhalers), and for at least 4 weeks prior to Visit 2 Other background asthma medication such as anti-leukotrienes are permitted All subjects on ICS monotherapy or ICS/LABA combination (this can be a fixed dose combination or an ICS alone or LABA alone in separate inhalers) must have had symptoms in the past week prior to Visit 2. Symptoms are defined by daytime symptoms more than twice per week, use of short-acting beta2-agonist bronchodilator more than twice per week, any limitation of activities, or any nocturnal symptoms/awakening. (The symptoms are based on subject's recall and are consistent with the GINA and in principal with the BTS/SIGN guidelines) Subject questionnaires: Subjects must be able to complete the electronic subject questionnaires as well as those questionnaires that are completed by phone or provide a proxy e.g. a partner/relative/a friend who can do so on their behalf Gender and Age: Male or female subjects aged ≥18 years of age at Visit 1. A female is eligible to enter and participate in the study if she is of Non-child bearing potential (i.e. physiologically incapable of becoming pregnant, including any female who is post-menopausal or surgically sterile). Surgically sterile females are defined as those with a documented hysterectomy and/or bilateral oophorectomy or tubal ligation. Post-menopausal females are defined as being amenorrhoeic for greater than 1 year with an appropriate clinical profile, e.g. age appropriate, history of vasomotor symptoms. However in questionable cases, a blood sample with FSH > 40MIU/ml and estradiol <40pg/ml (<147 pmol/L) is confirmatory OR Child bearing potential has a negative urine pregnancy test at Visit 2, and agrees to one of the highly effective and acceptable contraceptive methods used consistently and correctly (i.e. in accordance with the approved product label and the instructions of the physician for the duration of the study  Subjects meeting any of the following must not be enrolled in the study Recent history of Life-threatening asthma: Defined for this protocol as an asthma episode that required intubation and/or was associated with hypercapnea, respiratory arrest or hypoxic seizures within the last 6 months COPD Respiratory Disease: A subject must not have current evidence or GP diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Other diseases/abnormalities: Subjects with historical or current evidence of uncontrolled or clinically significant disease. Significant is defined as any disease that, in the opinion of the GP/ Investigator, would put the safety of the subject at risk through participation, or which would affect the efficacy or safety analysis if the disease/condition exacerbated during the study Drug/food allergy: Subjects with a history of hypersensitivity to any of the study medications (e.g., beta2-agonists, corticosteroid) or components of the inhalation powder (e.g., lactose, magnesium stearate). In addition, subjects with a history of severe milk protein allergy that, in the opinion of the GP/ Investigator, contraindicates the subject's participation will also be excluded Investigational Medications: A subject must not have used any investigational drug within 30 days prior to Visit 2 or within five half-lives (t½) of the prior investigational study (whichever is longer of the two), (if unsure discuss with the medical monitor prior to screening) Chronic user of systemic corticosteroids: A subject who, in the opinion of the GP/Investigator, is considered to be a chronic user of systemic corticosteroids for respiratory or other indications (if unsure discuss with the medical monitor prior to screening) Subjects who are using LABA without an ICS as asthma maintenance therapy Subjects who plan to move away from the geographical area where the study is being conducted during the study period and/or if subjects have not consented to their medical records being part of the electronic medical records database that is operational in the Salford area


eligible ages (years): 12.0-65.0,  All  Asthma Written informed consent Adolescents aged 12-17 years & adults aged 18-65 years (both inclusive) Documented clinical history of severe asthma requiring prednisone/prednisolone therapy, high-intensity treatment ICS, OCS, LABA Stable OCS dose for ≥7 days before Screening Visit & during Screening Period At least 80% compliant w/regular asthma medication per investigator at end of Screening Period Documented asthma reversibility within 5 yrs prior to/during Screening Period, or diagnosis of asthma that is incontrovertible per investigator Ability to use nDPI correctly, per investigator's review of completed inhaler operation checklist Ability to use eDiary correctly, assessed by investigator at end of Screening Period Ability to comply w/study procedures, including blood sampling Ability to perform technically satisfactory pulmonary function tests


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE ASTHMA HEALTHY SUBJECTS COPD patients, either male or female, over the age of 40 with a clinical diagnosis of COPD with airflow obstruction(FEV1/FVC<0.7) and post-bronchodilator FEV1>50% predicted, gas trapping (on lung volume testing), and decreased carbon monoxide transfer factor Healthy subjects will be nonsmokers(or exsmokers stopped 5 years ago), will have no respiratory disease, normal spirometry and be age-matched to the COPD patients Asthmatic subjects, either male or female, over the age of 18 with a clinical diagnosis of Asthma with airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC<0.7) All patients should be capable of giving informed consent  Oral corticosteroids taken within last month Current involvement (or involvement in the last 4 weeks)in clinical trials assessing investigational medicinal products Previous adverse reaction to short or long acting β2 agonist Any subject with a contraindication to taking inhaled beta2-adrenoceptor agonists (especially salbutamol) as listed in the British National Formulary will not be entered into this study Those who have experienced an acute respiratory exacerbation requiring emergency room treatment and/ or hospitalisation within four weeks of visit 1 (screening visit) Pregnant or breastfeeding women Subjects unable to give Informed Consent


eligible ages (years): 0.5-15.0,  All  Croup Pediatric population: 6 months to 15 years of age or more episodes of croup in 12 month period croup defined as acute onset inspiratory stridor, barking cough, with respiratory distress  Grade 3 or 4 subglottic stenosis Subglottic hemangioma Posterior laryngeal cleft Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis External compression (Innominate artery compression, mediastinal mass, (double aortic arch, etc) Symptoms or signs suggesting another cause of stridor, such as epiglottitis, bacterial tracheitis, or supraglottic foreign body Tracheomalacia/ bronchomalacia severe enough to cause respiratory distress Current steroid therapy for previously diagnosed condition, i.e. reactive airway disease Other medical conditions necessitating chronic steroid utilization


eligible ages (years): 5.75-6.5,  All  Focus of Study: Association of Blood DHA and Lutein With Cognition in Children full-term single birth (no multiple births) no major illness or surgery requiring hospitalization likely to impact the outcomes no metabolic, congenital or allergic disease that impact food intakes parents have sufficient command of English language to complete the informed consent and study documents The specific enrollment for Group 1: children consuming <25 mg/day DHA and < 400 μg/day lutein, n=24; Group 2: children consuming >150 mg/day DHA and >1,200 μg/day lutein, n=24; Group 3: children consuming >150 mg/day DHA and <400 μg/day lutein, n=10  children of mothers enrolled in studies by our group that involved randomization to supplemental DHA during pregnancy children for whom blood, diet records or developmental tests at 5 years and 9 months of age are incomplete children consuming 25-150 mg/day DHA or 400-1200 μg/day lutein children of mothers who do not sign the informed consent any children having a cardiac pacemaker, aneurysm clip, cochlear implant of possible metallic foreign bodies in the eyes or other contraindication as detailed in the C&W MRI Patient Screening Form will be excluded from this study


eligible ages (years): 50.0-90.0,  All  Pulmonary Disease COPD patients (Global Initiative of Chronic Lung Disease (GOLD) definition COPD stage II, III, IV Patients who are followed in Outpatients' Unit Patients >50 years of age Patients who accept PIF to be measured using the In-Check Inhaler Patients who have signed the Informed Consent Patients who will comply with study demands and procedures  COPD stage I patients Patients who are hospitalized Patients <50 years of age Patients who do not accept PIF to be measured using the In-Check Inhaler Patients who have not signed the Informed Consent Patients who face problems in order to comply with study demands and procedures


eligible ages (years): 0.167-4.917,  All  Bacterial Pneumonia Viral Pneumonia Acute Asthma children aged 2 to 59 months with cough and or difficult breathing  Presence of a serious concurrent illness such as meningitis, Children with congenital or acquired heart disease Severe anaemia Measles pneumonia Foreign body inhalation A confirmed diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis


eligible ages (years): 1.0-17.0,  All  Asthma Child presented to study institution emergency department during study period Child was 1 years-old Child has physician-diagnosed asthma by parent report Attending physician for child believed emergency department visit was due to asthma Attending physician for child completed informed consent and was randomized to PACCI-ED or control group at beginning of study  Child has major pulmonary or cardiac co-morbid illness Family of child was non-English speaking Child was triaged to the med-trauma bay for severe respiratory distress


eligible ages (years): 18.0-40.0,  All  Memory Functions Healthy, male and female, aged between 18 and 40, BMI be-tween 19 and 27 kg/m2, normotensive (BP between 90/60 mmHg and 140/90 mmHg), native or fluent German-speaking, caucasian (European ancestry), able and willing to give written informed consent and comply with the requirements of the study protocol, willing to donate saliva sample for DNA-analysis -  Acute or chronic psychiatric or somatic disorder, tachycardia at rest (> 100 bpm), known hypersensitivity to salbutamol, pathological ECG, pregnancy, breast-feeding, long-term medication within last 3 months (oral contraceptives are disregarded) smoking (>3 cigarettes per day), concurrent participation in another study, participation in one of our previous studies using the same memory tests, inability to read and understand the participant's information. -


eligible ages (years): 0.0-72.0,  All  Asthma Parent(s) must speak English Moms age 14 and older (will sign Informed Consent Statement (ICS), not an assent) Mother of child enrolled must have a physician diagnosis of asthma or being treated for asthma Must live within a reasonable distance to the Indianapolis area Child must be between 0-72 hours of age Signed informed consent from parent or legal guardian Must consent to all procedures  Child has a history of wheezing or underlying lung disease Prior use of antibiotics Respiratory complications at birth (airway support higher then nasal cannula) Not be able to comply with research procedures or be available for long term follow up as determined by the site investigator Born earlier then 37 weeks gestation Congenital heart defects (not including Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA), hemodynamically insignificant Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) or Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Underlying neuromuscular disease Severe upper airway obstruction, sleep apnea, tracheomalacia, or laryngomalacia Hydrocephalus History of seizures


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Asthma Male/females aged between 18 and 65 years of age inclusive, at the time of signing the informed consent Body weight >=50 kg and body mass index within the range 19.0 0 kilogram per square meter (inclusive) A female subject is eligible to participate if she is of: Non-childbearing potential defined as pre-menopausal females with a documented tubal ligation or hysterectomy for this definition, "documented" refers to the outcome of the investigator's/designee's review of the subject's medical history for study as obtained via a verbal interview with the subject or from the subject's medical records; or postmenopausal defined as 12 months of spontaneous amenorrhea in questionable cases a blood sample with simultaneous follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) >40 milli-international units per milliliter (MlU/mL) and estradiol < 40 picograms per milliliter (pg/mL) (<147 picomole per liter) is confirmatory. Females on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and whose menopausal status is in doubt will be required to use one of the contraception methods in listed in protocol if they wish to continue their HRT during the study. Otherwise, they must discontinue HRT to allow confirmation of post-menopausal status prior to study enrollment. For most forms of HRT, at least 2-4 weeks will elapse between the cessation of therapy and the blood draw; this interval depends on the type and dosage of HRT. Following confirmation of their post-menopausal status, they can resume use of HRT during the study without use of a contraceptive method; Child-bearing potential with negative pregnancy test as determined by serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test at screening or urine hCG prior to dosing AND; Agrees to use one of the contraception methods listed in protocol for an appropriate period of time (as determined by the product label or investigator) prior to the start of dosing to sufficiently minimize the risk of pregnancy at that point. Female subjects must agree to use contraception until follow-up; OR has only same-sex partners, when this is her preferred and usual lifestyle Capable of giving written informed consent, which includes compliance with the requirements and restrictions listed in the consent form Healthy as determined by a responsible and experienced physician, based on a medical evaluation including medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests and cardiac monitoring. A subject with a clinical abnormality or laboratory parameter(s) which is/are not specifically listed in the or   outside the reference range for the population being studied may be included only if the Investigator agree and document that the finding is unlikely to introduce additional risk factors and will not interfere with the study procedures Alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin >1.5x upper limit of normal (ULN) (isolated bilirubin >1.5xULN is acceptable if bilirubin is fractionated and direct bilirubin <35%) Based on single or averaged corrected QT interval (QTc) values of triplicate ECGs obtained over a brief recording period: QTcF <450 milliseconds Current non-smokers who have not used any tobacco containing products within 3 months of screening and with a total pack year history of <=10 pack years [number of pack years = (number of cigarettes per day / 20) x number of years smoked] Able to use all medical device products included in the study adequately after training Part B Able to tolerate the charcoal block at screening Current or chronic history of liver disease, or known hepatic or biliary abnormalities (with the exception of Gilbert's syndrome or asymptomatic gallstones) History of sensitivity to any of the study medications, or components thereof (including milk protein allergy) or a history of drug or other allergy that, in the opinion of the investigator or GSK Medical Monitor, contraindicates their participation


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Pulmonary Hypertension All cases referred to the clinic for assessment for possible pulmonary hypertension  patients with a cardiac pacemaker or retained temporary pacing wire patients with aneurysm clip non MRI compatible heart valve prosthesis intra orbital metalic foreign body pregnancy metal prosthesis/spinal rods retained shrapnel cochlear implants/bladder stimulator


eligible ages (years): 18.0-50.0,  All  Mild, Allergic Asthma Age 18-50 of both genders Negative pregnancy test for females who are not s/p hysterectomy with oopherectomy History of episodic wheezing, chest tightness, or shortness of breath consistent with asthma, or physician diagnosed asthma Positive methacholine test. A positive test is defined as a provocative concentration of methacholine of 10 mg/ml or less producing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20 methacholine) by the method used in a separate screening protocol FEV1 of at least 80% of predicted and FEV1/FVC ratio of at least .70 (without use of bronchodilating medications for 12 hours or long acting beta agonists for 24 hours), consistent with lung function of persons with no more than mild episodic or mild persistent asthma Allergic sensitization to at least one of the following allergen preparations: (House Dust Mite f, House dust mite p, Cockroach, Tree mix, Grass Mix, Weed Mix, Mold Mix 1, Mold Mix 2, Rat, Mouse, Guinea Pig, Rabbit, Cat or Dog) confirmed by positive immediate skin test response Symptom Score (this will be submitted as an attachment) no greater than 16 (out of a possible 24) for total symptom score with a value no greater than 3 for any one score. No more than one score may be greater or equal than 3 subjects must be willing to avoid caffeine for 12 hours prior to all visits  Any chronic medical condition considered by the PI as a contraindication to the exposure study including significant cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic renal disease, chronic thyroid disease, history of chronic infections/immunodeficiency, history of tuberculosis Physician directed emergency treatment for an asthma exacerbation within the preceding 12 months Moderate or Severe asthma Exacerbation of asthma more than 2x/week which would be characteristic of a person of moderate or severe persistent asthma as outlined in the current NHLBI guidelines for diagnosis and management of asthma Daily requirement for albuterol due to asthma symptoms (cough, wheeze, chest tightness) which would be characteristic of a person of moderate or severe persistent asthma as outlined in the current NHLBI guidelines for diagnosis and management of asthma. (Not to prophylactic use of albuterol prior to exercise) Viral upper respiratory tract infection within 2 weeks of challenge Any acute infection requiring antibiotics within 2 weeks of exposure or fever of unknown origin within 2 weeks of challenge Severe asthma Mental illness or history of drug or alcohol abuse that, in the opinion of the investigator, would interfere with the participant's ability to comply with study requirements Medications which may impact the results of the CCRE exposure, interfere with any other medications potentially used in the study (to steroids, beta antagonists, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents)


eligible ages (years): 0.5-4.0,  All  Asthma The written informed consent must be obtained from his/her parent or legally acceptable representative. If the investigator can get the oral consent from the patient, the investigator should record so in the informed consent which is signed by his/her parent or legally acceptable representative Ethnic origin is Japanese Aged >=6 months and <=4 years at Visit 1 Male and pre-menarchial female. Pre-menarchial females are defined as any female who has yet to begin menses Patient: outpatient Diagnosis as a pediatric asthma has been made by reference to JPGL 2012 and the document which is of help as evidence should be kept as source document. As for <2 years old, children are going to be diagnosed according to an instruction as follows in JPGL2012 as a reference. There are 3 or more episodes of marked expiratory wheezing, regardless of the presence of respiratory tract infection. It is also needed to confirm that there is asymptomatic period for about a week between each episode. In addition to this finding, if there is at least one of following findings, it is more helpful to diagnose infantile asthma: At least one of parents is diagnosed with bronchial asthma by a physician (including past history); Specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody for inhalation antigen is detected in at least one of parents; Diseased child is diagnosed with atopic dermatitis by a physician (including past history); Specific IgE antibody for inhalation antigen is detected in diseased child; High serum IgE level in diseased child or his/her family (serum IgE level should be determined by considering age); Eosinophils and creola bodies found in sputum (examine nasal discharge eosinophilia and peripheral blood eosinophilia); Expiratory wheezing occurs when there is no airway infection; Expiratory wheezing and labored respiration or oxygen saturation are improved after beta-2 stimulant inhalation A patient who needs to be treated with Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/ Long-acting beta 2 agonist (LABA) and fulfill following all conditions: At least one documented exacerbation in that the patient treated with systemic glucocorticosteroids, aminophylline dose intravenous(d.i.v) or continuous isoproterenol inhalation in the 12 months prior to Visit 1. Or a well-documented regular treatment with ICS (FP 200-400 mcg daily or equivalent) continuous use in the 12 months prior to Visit 1; The patient has not received systemic glucocorticosteroids, aminophylline d.i.v., ICS (FP>200 mcg daily or equivalent) or continuous isoproterenol inhalation within 4 weeks prior to Visit 1  A patient who has suffered from upper and lower respiratory tract infection and then received medication within 2 weeks prior to Visit 1 A patient who is diagnosed upper and lower respiratory tract infection at Visit 1. Or a patient who has or is suspected to have deep-seated mycosis or infection to which no effective antibacterial agent is available. Or a patient who is suspected to have respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection and cannot be identified to be negative for RS virus antigen A patient who has respiratory disorder other than bronchial asthma, and the investigator judges the respiratory disorder affect the assessment of efficacy in this study A patient who has unstable liver disease or chronic stable hepatitis B receiving significant immunosuppressive agents due to risk of hepatitis B reactivation A patient who has malformation/foreign particle lodged in an airway. Or subjects who have known, pre-existing, clinically significant gastroesophageal reflux disease , endocrine, autoimmune, metabolic, neurological, renal, gastrointestinal, hepatic, haematological or any other system abnormalities that are uncontrolled with standard treatment A patient who has or is suspected to have hypersensitivity to study medications, the rescue medication or any ingredients of them A patient who has been treated with another investigational product within 1 months prior to Visit 1 or within five half-lives (t-half) of the prior investigational study (whichever is the longer of the two) As for the patients who has evaluable ECG data at Visit 1, QT interval corrected (Fridericia) for heart rate (QTc[F])>=450 milliseconds (msec). The QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) should be based on averaged QTc values of triplicate electrocardiograms (ECGs) obtained over a brief recording period. As for the patients who don't has evaluable ECG data at Visit 1, if the patient has known prolonged QTc>=450 msec (any correction is valid), the patient will be excluded A patient who is child in care (including foster parent system), or whom the investigator judges inappropriate for the study Randomization Criterion


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Asthma Male or female patients aged >=18 years Uncontrolled asthma on medium doses of ICS+LABA with ACQ >=1.5 Pre-bronchodilator FEV1 ≥40% and <80% of their predicted normal value  Pregnant or lactating women Diagnosis of COPD Patients treated for asthma exacerbations in the 4 weeks prior to study entry Patients who are in therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease Patients who have a clinically significant cardiovascular condition


eligible ages (years): 7.0-12.0,  All  Asthma Male or female patients with a diagnosis of asthma according to the American Thoracic Society Patients aged 7 to 12 years inclusive Patients able to perform spirometry Patients with FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second) ≥ 80% of predicted normal value after saline Patients with PD20 (provocative dose that reduces FEV1 by 20 %) metacholine lower than 8 mg/ml Patients or responsible relatives willing and able to sign an informed consent form  Patients on treatment for or suspected as having glaucoma Patients with known allergy of contra-indications to either salbutamol, ipratropium or their excipients Patients suspected on clinical grounds to have pneumonia, pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum Patients with a history of chest surgery Patients with other respiratory conditions if diagnosed. These pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, sarcoidosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, pulmonary complications of AIDS Patients requiring drugs for the treatment of the acute asthma attack other than the study drugs or oxygen Patients who have been previously recruited into this study Patients with myocardiopathy, pulmonary edema or other life threatening diseases, which in the judgement of the pediatrician precludes their entry into the study Patients with obvious or previously diagnosed serious hepatic or renal disease Patients who have been under the following drugs within the specified periods of time prior to determination of Baseline FEV1 or metacholine challenge


eligible ages (years): 40.0-999.0,  All  Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive Male and female patients with moderate to severe stable COPD Patients with a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema FEV1 <65% of predicted value without regard to prior treatment Forced expiratory ration (FER = FEV1/VC) <70% of predicted value without regard to prior treatment Patients must not have had a respiratory infection or an exacerbation of COPD during the four weeks immediately prior to entering the trial Patients must not have changed their normal treatment for COPD during the four weeks immediately prior to entering the trial Patient aged ≥40 years Patients with a smoking history of ≥15 pack-years Patients must have given informed consent to participate in the trial  Patients with a diagnosis of asthma, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis or bronchiolitis obliterans Patients with any of the following untreated angle closure glaucoma hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy tachyarrhythmia recent myocardial infarction (within six months of screening visit) severe organic cardiac or vascular disorder untreated hyperthyroidism diabetes mellitus (after approval of Protocol Amendment 1, the of well controlled diabetic patients was allowed) Patients who are pregnant, or who are planning a pregnancy, and nursing mothers


eligible ages (years): 3.0-6.0,  All  Asthma Boys or girls between 3 and 6 years old Presenting to emergency departments with an acute asthmatic attack Requiring nebulised bronchodilator therapy Rint increased by 200 % compared to theoretical Rint Signed, informed consent obtained from the child's parents/legal guardian in accordance with current national legislation and good clinical practice (GCP) defined by the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH)  Ipratropium bromide received within four hours before admission First acute asthmatic attack Hospital admission to intensive care with asthma within six months before Hospital admission for asthma during the month prior to Corticosteroid-dependent asthma (oral corticosteroid therapy) or recently stopped corticosteroid therapy Concomitant cardiac disease Life threatening disease requiring immediate management; including: silent chest on auscultation, cyanosis, bradycardia less than 60 beats/min (bpm), confusion, coma Hypersensitivity to ipratropium bromide, salbutamol, or to any of their excipients Renal or hepatic insufficiency Poorly controlled diabetes


eligible ages (years): 0.25-1.0,  All  Behavior infants less than 12 month are permanent residents in the area have no plan to move away during the intervention period are willing to adopt the agriculture activities; and have adequate place and time to adopt developed gardens & backyard poultry production  infants with severe acute malnutrition warranting referral to nutrition rehabilitation program with Ready-To-Use Therapeutic foods severely ill infants with clinical complications warranting hospital referral; and infants with obvious congenital or chronic abnormalities that impair feeding or physical growth measurements


eligible ages (years): 3.0-17.0,  All  Asthma caretaker is age 18 or older and child is age 3-17 have not controlled as thma residence in King County spoken language is English or Spanish Child is enrolled in a Medicaid managed care health plan offered by Community Health Plan of Washington (CHPW) or Molina Health Plan of Washington, Inc (Molina)  Parent/guardian plans to move out of King County within the next year or lacks permanent housing Parent/guardian has a mental or physical disability making it impossible to participate in the protocols The household appears to be unsafe for visitation by the CHW The child has other serious chronic medical conditions (e.g. poorly controlled sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis) that cause sufficient limitation in functional status so that that asthma control is not a priority The family is enrolled in another asthma research study within the past three years. This is to avoid the potential confounding effect from other studies The child is in foster care or group care settings


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Cough Dyspnea Wheezing Presenting to the Emergency Department with cough, wheezing and/or dyspnea (shortness of breath) Referred for CXR and/or CT scan  Life threatening medical condition requiring immediate treatment Unable to sit up for a chest ultrasound Unable to consent Pregnant Unable to speak, read and write in English


eligible ages (years): 18.0-75.0,  All  Asthma History of asthma ≥ 5 years and diagnosed before 40 years old Uncontrolled asthma on low-medium doses of Inhaled CorticoSteroid (ICS) with ACQ (Asthma Control Questionnaire) ≥1.5 Pre-bronchodilator FEV1 ≥40% and <90% of their predicted normal value Positive reversibility test  Pregnant or lactating women Diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients treated for asthma exacerbation in the 4 weeks prior to study entry Patients who are in therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease Patients who have a clinically significant cardiovascular condition


eligible ages (years): 12.0-999.0,  All  Asthma Subjects must give their signed and dated written informed consent to participate prior to commencing any study related activities Subjects must be outpatients >=12 years of age at Visit 1 who have had a diagnosis of asthma, as defined by the National Institutes of Health, for at least 12 weeks prior to Visit 1 (Note: Countries with local restrictions prohibiting enrollment of adolescents will enroll subjects >=18 years of age only) Subjects may be male or an eligible female. An eligible female is defined as having non-childbearing potential or having childbearing potential and a negative urine pregnancy test at Screening and agrees to use an acceptable method of birth control consistently and correctly Subjects must have a FEV1 of >=80% of the predicted normal value Subjects are eligible if they have received mid dose ICS plus LABA (equivalent to FP/salmeterol 250/50 twice daily or an equivalent combination via separate inhalers) for at least the 12 weeks immediately preceding Visit 1 All subjects must be able to replace their current SABA treatment with albuterol/salbutamol aerosol inhaler at Visit 1 for use, as needed, for the duration of the study. Subjects must be able to withhold albuterol/salbutamol for at least 6 hours prior to study visits If in the opinion of the investigator the subject's asthma is well controlled  History of Life-Threatening Asthma, defined for this protocol as an asthma episode that required intubation and/or associated with hypercapnea, respiratory arrest or hypoxic seizures within the last 5 years Culture-documented or suspected bacterial or viral infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract, sinus or middle ear that is not resolved within 4 weeks of Visit 1 and led to a change in asthma management or in the opinion of the Investigator, expected to affect the subject's asthma status or the subject's ability to participate in the study Any asthma exacerbation requiring oral corticosteroids within 12 weeks of Visit 1 or resulting in an overnight hospitalization requiring additional treatment for asthma within 6 months prior to Visit 1 A subject must not have current evidence of Atlectasis, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Chronic bronchitis, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Pneumonia, Pneumothorax, Interstitial lung disease, or any evidence of concurrent respiratory disease other than asthma A subject must not have any clinically significant, uncontrolled condition or disease state that, in the opinion of the investigator, would put the safety of the subject at risk through study participation or would confound the interpretation of the results if the condition/disease exacerbated during the study A subject must not have used any investigational drug within 30 days prior to Visit 1 or within five half-lives (t½) of the prior investigational study, whichever is longer of the two Any adverse reaction including immediate or delayed hypersensitivity to any beta2-agonist, sympathomimetic drug, or any intranasal, inhaled, or systemic corticosteroid therapy. Known or suspected sensitivity to the constituents of inhaler, inhaler or FP 250 History of severe milk protein allergy Administration of prescription or non-prescription medication that would significantly affect the course of asthma, or interact with study drug A subject must not be using or require the use of immunosuppressive medications during the study


eligible ages (years): 6.0-15.0,  All  Rhinitis Asthma Inflammation Hypersensitivity Clinical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and/or asthma Sensitized to more than 1 common aeroallergens  Respiratory infection 2 weeks prior to initial visit Children with nasal polyposis History of immunotherapy Unable to complete the test or had limited understanding Use of systemic corticosteroids 4 weeks prior to initial visit Nasal and inhaled corticosteroids 2 weeks prior to initial visit Leukotriene receptor antagonists 2 weeks prior to initial visit


eligible ages (years): 14.0-17.0,  All  Allergic Rhinitis Asthma Clinical cases n°: 600 adolescents affected by allergic rhinitis with/without asthma, from 14 to 17 years age Controls n°: 600 subject (5 for each participant Pediatrician) of the same age range, without respiratory pathology  Subjects that have not allergic rhinitis with/without asthma diagnosis or are <14 years old or >17 years old


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Allergic Rhinitis persistent allergic rhinitis  the presence of asthma or nasal polyps acute and chronic upper respiratory infections administration of intranasal or systemic corticosteroids or H1 antihistamines in the past 30 days


eligible ages (years): 40.0-70.0,  All  Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Provide informed consent Males not donating sperm and using adequate contraception or females who are surgically sterile or postmenopausal lead ECG showing:Heart rate 45 to 90 bpm, QTcF≤450 msec, QRS ≤120 msec, PR interval ≤220 msec, no clinically significant abnormality Capable of complying with all study restrictions and procedures including ability to use the study nebuliser correctly BMI 18 to 33 kg/m2 with a minimum weight of 45 kg COPD diagnosis for at least 1 year and clinically stable COPD in previous 4 weeks Demonstrates reversibility to bronchodilator (two puffs of salbutamol followed by two puffs of ipratropium) via spirometry Post-bronchodilator FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio of ≤0.70 Post-bronchodilator FEV1 ≥40 % and ≤80% of predicted normal ≥150 mL increase from pre-bronchodilator FEV1  History of life-threatening COPD including Intensive Care Unit admission and/or requiring intubation COPD exacerbation requiring oral steroids in the previous 3 months History of one or more hospitalisations for COPD in the previous 12 months Respiratory tract infection (both upper and lower) treated with antibiotics in previous 12 weeks Evidence of cor pulmonale or clinically significant pulmonary hypertension Other respiratory disorders Previous lung resection or lung reduction surgery Oral therapies for COPD in the previous 3 months and throughout the study Drug or alcohol abuse in the past 3 years Received an experimental drug within 3 months or five half lives, whichever is longer


eligible ages (years): 0.5-999.0,  All  Healthy Volunteers Only All children between the ages of 6 months to 12 years of age who are typically developing and born of a full term pregnancy if under 24 months of age, healthy, and English speaking are eligible for in the study. Typically developing children would not have any diagnosed congenital conditions, developmental delay or disability, dyslexia, PDD, ADD, ADHD, or ASD. In addition, we will only enroll subjects if they are from a racial and ethnic group that is still needed to ensure the diversity and representative nature of our sample as set forth in the Planned Enrollment Form. These are the initial screening that will be used  Children outside of the 6 month-12 year age range: These years cover early life and are the ages of interest for children s play and are of central significance to the Consumer Product Safety Commission s goals Families not fluent in English: Fluency in English is essential for parents to be able to fill out surveys. Families also need to be fluent in English so that they can comprehend verbal directions given by the experimenter during the testing session. If we included people who were not fluent in English, we would need many additional staff members who speak the multitude of languages of the diverse population of the Washington, D.C metro area to work with participants during the testing session and code the videos after the testing session is complete Children who are sick, not typically developing, born premature (if they are under 24 months of age), blind, or deaf: We must recruit a healthy sample of typically developing children born in a full term pregnancy (if they are under 24 months of age) who are not blind or deaf for this project to remove any potential confounds that atypical conditions may have on children s play. Typically developing children would not have any diagnosed congenital conditions, developmental delay or disability, dyslexia, PDD, ADD, ADHD, or ASD. Including other populations such as deaf or blind children would require a different experimental set up, stimulus toys, and resources (i.e., someone who could convert our surveys to American Sign Language or Braille and could code the videos for the parent child behaviors during those sessions) Children who are not adding to the ethnic and racial diversity of the sample: The goal of our study is to recruit a sample of subjects who are racially and ethnically diverse. By making this diverse sample a priority, we hope that our results will be applicable to the diverse populations residing within the United States. To keep with this goal of a diverse and representative sample of children, we may have to some families if we have already reached the quota of families from that particular racial or ethnic group


eligible ages (years): 12.0-999.0,  All  Allergic Rhinitis Adults and children from the age of 12 years on, who are diagnosed with recurrent seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) caused by grass pollen A previous specific immunotherapy finished at least five years ago had to be successful  Contraindications according to the patient information leaflet


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Chronic Hepatitis C ≥18 years of age 2 consecutive positive HCV RNA tests at least 6 months after estimated date of infection HCV genotype 1 HCV RNA <6 million copies by Roche TaqMan Assay No evidence of hepatic cirrhosis (as determined by two indices: Fib4<3.25—an accurate test for detecting cirrhosis based on age, AST, ALT and platelets [sensitivity/specificity 76-100/82-91%], confirmed by the fibrosis-cirrhosis index (FCI)<1.25 based on ALT, bilirubin, albumin and platelets [sensitivity/specificity 86/100%]) Drug injection in past 30 days by self-report and physical exam evidence of injection drug use (e.g. track marks) injected with others in past 12 months by self-report Lab values within acceptable range (platelets>50,000, creatinine clearance by Cockroft-Gault>30mL/min, hemoglobin >10g/dL, INR<1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) unless stable on anticoagulant regimen or known hemophilia, AST/ALT<10 x ULN) Able to speak English No plans to leave San Francisco area for at least 9 months and either lives or works in San Francisco, or travels to San Francisco at least weekly  HIV+ by rapid test or pooled viral load HBV surface antigen + Non-definitive HCV genotype results Previously received treatment for HCV (interferon, ribavirin, or DAA) Taking medications that affect pharmacokinetics of LDV-SOF (proton-pump inhibitors, anticonvulsants [phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine], rifamycins, rosuvastatin, herbs [St. John's wort, silymarin, echinacea]) History of any of the following Current gastrointestinal disorder or post-operative condition that could interfere with the absorption of the study drug History of hepatic decompensation (i.e., ascites, encephalopathy or variceal hemorrhage) History of solid organ or bone marrow transplantation Current treatment for cancer


A 32 year old female with no previous medical history presents to clinic to discuss lab results from her most recent pap smear. She reports no complaints and is in general good health. The results of her PAP were cytology negative, HPV positive.

eligible ages (years): 16.0-23.0,  All  Cervical Cancer Genital Warts Female with an intact uterus with lifetime history of 0-4 sexual partners  Prior Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination Prior abnormal paps History of genital warts


eligible ages (years): 18.0-70.0,  All  Cervix Neoplasms Women with ONLY the following results on a routine Pap smear Low grade epithelial abnormality Minor changes in squamous cell Minor changes in squamous cells with appearances consistent with Papillomavirus Women aged between 18-70 years  Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant in the next 12 months Women with previous Pap smear abnormality for 2 years


eligible ages (years): 20.0-30.0,  All  Papillomavirus Infection Participated in study 580299/001 and received all three doses of vaccine/placebo Written informed consent obtained from the subject prior to enrollment  Decoding of the subject's treatment allocation to either the subject or the investigator in study 580299/001


eligible ages (years): 15.0-25.0,  All  Infections, Papillomavirus A woman whom the investigator believes that she and/or her parents/legally acceptable representative can and will comply with the requirements of the protocol (e.g., completion of the diary cards, return for follow-up visits) A woman between, and including, 15 and 25 years of age at the time of the first vaccination Written informed consent must be obtained from the subject prior to enrollment (for subjects below the legal age of consent, written informed consent must be obtained from a parent or legal guardian of the subject and, in addition, the subject should sign and personally date a written informed assent) Subject must be free of obvious health problems as established by medical history and clinical examination before entering into the study Subject must have a negative urine pregnancy test Subject must be of non-childbearing potential or, if of childbearing potential, she must be abstinent or must be using adequate contraceptive precautions for 30 days prior to the first vaccination and must agree to continue such precautions for two months after completion of the vaccination series Has had no more than 6 lifetime sexual partners prior to enrollment. This criterion may not be applicable in subjects less than 18 years of age, according to local regulatory/ethical requirements Subject must have intact cervix  Pregnant or breastfeeding. Women must be at least 3 months post-pregnancy and not breastfeeding to enter the study A woman planning to become pregnant or planning to discontinue contraceptive precautions during approximately the first nine months of the study (Months 0-8) Previous administration of components of the investigational vaccine Use of any investigational or non-registered product (drug or vaccine) other than the study vaccine(s) within 30 days preceding the first dose of study vaccine, or planned use during the study period Chronic administration of immunosuppressants or other immune-modifying drugs within six months prior to the first vaccine dose Planned administration/administration of a vaccine not foreseen by the study protocol within 30 days before and 30 days after (i.e. days 0-29) each dose of vaccine. Administration of some routine vaccines up to 8 days before each dose of study vaccine is allowed. Enrolment will be deferred until the subject is outside of specified window Previous vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) History of vaccination against Hepatitis A or a known clinical history of Hepatitis A disease History of having had colposcopy or has planned a colposcopy to evaluate an abnormal cervical cytology (Pap smear) test Any medically diagnosed or suspected immunodeficient condition based on medical history and physical examination


eligible ages (years): 26.0-999.0,  All  Infections, Papillomavirus A woman who the investigator believes that she can and will comply with the requirements of the protocol A women of at least 26 years of age at the time of the first vaccination Written informed consent obtained from the subject prior to enrolment Free of obvious health problems as established by medical history and clinical examination before entering into the study Subject must have intact cervix Subject must have a negative urine pregnancy test. This test is not applicable to women of non-childbearing potential Subject must be of non-childbearing potential or, if of childbearing potential, she must be abstinent or must be using an effective method of birth control for 30 days prior to the first vaccination and must agree to continue such precautions for two months after completion of the vaccination series  Pregnant or breastfeeding (women must be at least three months post-pregnancy and not breastfeeding to enter the study) A women planning to become pregnant, likely to become pregnant (as determined by the investigator) or planning to discontinue contraceptive precautions during the vaccination phase of the study, i.e. up to two months after the last vaccine dose (Month 0 Use of any investigational or non-registered product (drug or vaccine) other than the study vaccine within 30 days preceding the first dose of study vaccine, or planned use during the study period (up to Month 84) Chronic administration of immunosuppressants or other immune-modifying drugs within six months prior to the first vaccine dose Planned administration/administration of a vaccine not foreseen by the study protocol within 30 days before and 30 days after (i.e. days 0 the first dose of study vaccine. Planned administration/administration of routine vaccines up to 8 days before the first dose of study vaccine is allowed. Enrolment will be deferred until the subject is outside of specified window Previous administration of components of the investigational vaccine Previous vaccination against HPV or planned administration of any HPV vaccine other than that foreseen by the study protocol during the study period History of HPV infection/treatment or planned treatment to evaluate an abnormal cervical cytology (Pap smear) test, e.g. colposcopy Any medically diagnosed or suspected immunodeficient condition based on medical history and physical examination


eligible ages (years): 20.0-25.0,  All  Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection Papillomavirus Vaccines Cervical Neoplasia Subjects who the investigator/co-investigator believes that they can and will comply with the requirements of the protocol should be enrolled in the study A Japanese female subject between, and including, 20 and 25 years of age at the time of the first vaccination Written informed consent obtained from the subject prior to enrolment Healthy subjects as established by medical history and history-oriented clinical examination before entering into the study Subjects must have a negative urine pregnancy test Subjects must be of non-childbearing potential, she must be abstinent or have used adequate contraceptive precautions for 30 days prior to vaccination, have a negative pregnancy test and must agree to continue such precautions for two months after completion of the vaccination series Subject must have an intact cervix  Use of any investigational or non-registered product (drug or vaccine) other than the study vaccine/control within 30 days preceding the first dose of study vaccine/control, or planned use during the study period Pregnant or breastfeeding women. Women must be at least 3 months post-pregnancy and not breastfeeding to enter the study A women planning to become pregnant, likely to become pregnant or planning to discontinue contraceptive precautions during the study period, up to 2 months after the last vaccine dose previous administration of components of the investigational vaccine Chronic administration of immunosuppressants or other immune-modifying drugs within six months prior to the first vaccine dose Planned administration/ administration of a vaccine not foreseen by the study protocol within 30 days before and 30 days after the first dose of vaccine. Routine vaccines may be allowed up to 8 days before the first dose of study vaccine Previous vaccination against HPV History of vaccination against hepatitis A or a known clinical history of hepatitis A disease Administration of immunoglobulin and/or any blood products within the three months preceding the first dose of study vaccine or planned administration during the study period Any confirmed or suspected immunosuppressive or immunodeficient condition based on medical history and physical examination


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Papillomavirus Infections HIV Infections HIV-infected men who have sex with men


eligible ages (years): 21.0-100.0,  All  Cervical Neoplasia Women in KPNC aged 25 years or older who tested positive for HPV Will also a random sample of women who tested negative for HPV  Male Children under 18