eligible ages (years): 0.0-17.0,  All  Septic Shock for 1 and 3 must be answered YES to be eligible for study Age 29 days to less than 18 years of age ) Patient has Persistent Signs of Shock including one or more of the following: i) Vasoactive Medication Dependence ii) Hypotension (Systolic Blood Pressure and/or Mean Blood Pressure less than the 5th percentile for age) iii) Abnormal Perfusion (2 or more of: abnormal capillary refill, tachycardia, decreased level of consciousness, decreased urine output) ) Suspected or Confirmed Septic Shock (Shock due to Suspected or Confirmed Infectious Cause) ) Patient has received initial fluid resuscitation of: Minimum of 40 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid (0.9% Normal Saline and/or Ringer's Lactate) and/or colloid (5% albumin) as fluid boluses within the previous 2 hours for patients weighing less than 50 kg, OR Minimum of 2 litres (2000 mL) of isotonic crystalloid (0.9% Normal Saline and/or Ringer's Lactate) and/or colloid (5% albumin) as fluid boluses within the previous 2 hours for patients weighing 50 kg or more Patient has Fluid Refractory Septic Shock as defined by the Presence of all of 2a, 2b, and 2c  Patient located in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Patient located in the Operating Room (OR) or Post-Anesthetic Care Unit (PACU) Full Active Resuscitative Treatment Not Within the Goals of Care Shock Secondary to Cause other than Sepsis (i.e. obvious signs of cardiogenic shock, anaphylactic shock, hemorrhagic shock, spinal shock)


A 40-year-old woman with no past medical history presents to the ER with excruciating pain in her right arm that had started 1 hour prior to her admission. She denies trauma. On examination she is pale and in moderate discomfort, as well as tachypneic and tachycardic. Her body temperature is normal and her blood pressure is 80/60. Her right arm has no discoloration or movement limitation.

eligible ages (years): 0.0-5.0,  All  Pneumonia Bronchiolitis Asthma All children below 5 exceeding WHO age-dependent tachypnea criteria


eligible ages (years): 18.0-30.0,  All  Hyperalgesia Asymptomatic subjects who met the criterion of being between 18 and 30 years old  rheumatologic diseases or any type of cancer, cervical surgery in the past, whiplash trauma and undergoing any type of treatment like physical therapy, manual therapy, osteopathy, chiropraxis, acupuncture during the last three months. All patients recruited for the study complained of pain localized in the neck and/or head region. Initial screening was accomplished by telephone and eligible persons attended a evaluation appointment development of systemic or degenerative diseases subjects with symptoms of depression according Beck's questionnaire pain in any area between the lower back and head in the last 9 months traumatic event in the past 12 months history of neck or face pain in the last 6 months


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Troponin T GRACE Score patients presenting to the emergency department ("chest pain unit") typical angina pectoris absence of symptoms since presentation at least 18 years low GRACE risk score (<140 points) informed consent, signed agreement  conditions with need for immediate workup mental disorders dementia pregnancy, breast feeding


eligible ages (years): 18.0-45.0,  All  Safety Tolerability Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Food Interaction Signed informed consent prior to any study-mandated procedure Healthy Caucasian male subjects aged between 18 and 45 years (inclusive) at screening Subjects must agree to use reliable methods of contraception No clinically significant findings on physical examination at screening Body mass index (BMI) between 18.0 and 30.0 kg/m^2 (inclusive) at screening Systolic blood pressure (SBP) 100-145 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 50-90 mmHg, and pulse rate (PR) 45-90 bpm (inclusive) measured at screening lead ECG without clinically relevant abnormalities, measured at screening Body temperature (T°) 35.5-37.5°C at screening and prior to (first) dosing Total and differential white blood cell (WBC) count strictly within the normal ranges at screening and on Day −1 C-reactive protein (CRP) levels below 5 mg/L  Known allergic reactions or hypersensitivity to any excipient of the drug formulation History or clinical evidence of any disease, and/or existence of any surgical or medical condition, which might interfere with the absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of the study drug Previous history of recurrent fainting, collapses, syncope, orthostatic hypotension, or vasovagal reactions Veins unsuitable for intravenous (i.v.) puncture on either arm Treatment with another investigational drug within 3 months prior to screening or having participated in more than four investigational drug studies within 1 year prior to screening History or clinical evidence of alcoholism or drug abuse within the 3-year period prior to screening Excessive caffeine consumption Treatment with any prescribed or over-the-counter (OTC) medications within 2 weeks prior to (first) study drug administration or five half-lives of the medication, whichever is longer Any history of immunosuppressive treatment Chronic diseases including those with recurring periods of flare-ups and remission


eligible ages (years): 45.0-80.0,  All  Osteoarthritis Pain Age 45 to 80 years old, inclusive Clinical diagnosis of osteoarthritis in one target knee based on the following American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Knee Pain At least 1 of 3 Age > 50 years Morning stiffness lasting < 30 minutes Crepitus on motion Osteophytes on radiograph Symptoms associated with osteoarthritis of the knee (including pain) for ≥ 6 months prior to Screening Knee pain associated with osteoarthritis, which required NSAID or other therapy for ≥ 15 days during the preceding month  General Women of childbearing potential, or men whose sexual partner(s) is a woman of childbearing potential may not be entered into the study if They are or intend to become pregnant (including use of fertility drugs) during the study They are nursing They are not using an acceptable, highly effective method of contraception until all follow-up procedures are complete. (Acceptable, highly effective forms of contraception are defined as: oral contraception, intrauterine device, systemic [injectable or patch] contraception, double barrier methods, naturally or surgically sterile, strict abstinence or partner has been sterilized. If hormonal-based birth control is being used, subject or subject's sexual partner(s) must be on a stable-dose for ≥ 3 months prior to the Baseline visit and maintained at the same dosing level throughout the 9-week clinical trial.) Body Mass Index (BMI) over 40 A history of osteoarthritis symptoms that are completely non-responsive to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) at the discretion of the Investigator Planned change (increase or decrease) in subject's level of physical activity (e.g., aerobic or anaerobic exercise) during the 6-week Treatment Period following randomization Enrollment in any trial and/or use of any Investigational Drug or device within the immediate 30-day period prior to the Baseline visit Enrollment in any study previously sponsored by Olatec Industries LLC, specifically Study OLT1177-01 or OLT1177-02


eligible ages (years): 1.0-10.0,  All  Stress, Physiological Patients needing venous blood sampling or insertion of an intravenous canula Normal development according to parents  Critically ill children (e.g. shock, respiratory distress or failure) Children whose blood work or intravenous canula must be obtained rapidly for therapeutic reasons (e.g. antibiotic administration in a patient with severe bacterial infections) Known adrenal or pituitary disease Children who have received glucocorticoids during the preceeding six weeks


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Shock healthy volunteers with no assumption of coffee or any other substance with possible action on the autonomic nervous system  age < 18 yrs pregnancy assumption of any drugs and existence of any disease intake of any drug/substance with action on the autonomic nervous system during the previous 24 hours


eligible ages (years): 18.0-85.0,  All  Common Femoral Artery Injury Other Vascular Adverse Event Patients between 18 and 85 years of age Scheduled to undergo an elective PCI via arterial puncture of common femoral artery were eligible for enrollment in the study Elective PCI was defined as any coronary revascularization in a low-risk patient who presents to the facility for a planned PCI or for a coronary angiogram followed by ad hoc PCI  Patients were excluded from the study if the patient has Any procedural complication included prolonged chest pain transient coronary artery closure, no-flow or slow-flow phenomenon hemodynamic instability persistent electrocardiographic changes side-branch occlusion of >1.5 mm, or an angiographically suboptimal result Arterial access other than the right or left femoral artery  Vascular perforation, thrombosis during procedure


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome A diagnosis of basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) as defined in the Consensus Statement (Bree et al, American Journal of Medical Genetics [Am J Med Genet] Part A 155:2091-2097) Major are BCC prior to age 20 years, or excessive number of BCCs out of proportion to prior sun exposure and skin type Keratocyst of the jaw prior to age 20 Palmar or plantar pitting Lamellar calcification of the falx cerebri Medulloblastoma First degree relative with BCNS Minor are Rib anomalies, or other specific skeletal malformations including kyphoscoliosis and short 4th metacarpals  Pregnant or nursing Currently participating in another clinical trial Using any systemic treatment for BCC (e.g. vismodegib), or any topical treatment for their BCC tumors, unless discontinued at least one month prior Currently being treated for other cancers with medical or radiation therapy Patients with a known hypersensitivity to 5-aminolevulinic acid or any component of the study material Patients with history of a photosensitivity disease, such as porphyria cutanea tarda Patients with a coexisting skin condition such as scleroderma, psoriasis, or eczema in the skin areas to be treated with PDT, that might interfere with response assessment


eligible ages (years): 14.0-16.0,  All  Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis female between 14 and 16 years old normal neurological examination right handed informed consent informed consent form signed by a parent or a holder of parental authority affiliated to medical insurance negative urine pregnancy test For patients (A-STD) : right thoracic scoliosis with a Cobb angle between 20 and 40° For healthy volunteers (A-N) : no clinical scoliosis  pregnant or lactating woman antecedents of cranial trauma or cranial intervention, of migraine, of spinal trauma, of scoliosis intervention no idiopathic scoliosis contraindications to MRI patient with a legal protection measure


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Tuberculosis of TB (tuberculosis ) subjects Diagnosis TB  to 65 years  Consent and signed informed consent forms(ICF)  Comply with follow-up   of TB (tuberculosis ) subjects advanced cancer, diabetes,copd in acute episodes, acute/ progressive liver disease or kidney disease, congestive heart failure, etc  Taking part in other clinical or within 3 months involved in any other clinical histories of allergy  in pregnancy or lactation In a mental illness  Any conditions affect the trial evaluation of Non-tuberculosis subjects with lung disease  Diagnosis non-tuberculosis subjects with lung disease  to 65 years


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Hypothermia Trauma Trauma patients ≥ 18 years of all severity stages including poly traumatized patients admissioned through the emergency room  Patients < 18 years Patients after pre-hospital cardiac arrest or ongoing CPR at time of admission


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Ankle Fractures All patients operated on Nordsjællands Hospital, department of Orthopaedic surgery, during the period, for mono-, bi and trimalleolar fracture, according to the AO-principles Age over 18 years  Sub study 1 Age under 18 Dementia Need for external fixation Known or suspected DVT or pulmonary embolism Patients without Danish CPR-number, or address in Denmark Patients who doesn´t want to participate or who are not able to give written or oral consent No palpable pulse in the foot in the affected leg (the posterior tibial or dorsal artery) Multi-traumatized patients and patients with fractures of more than one extremity


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Acute Stress Disorder Female, aged 18+ years Had emergency caesarean section within the past 6 hours Have given birth to a live baby at ≥ 37 weeks gestation  Do not speak French sufficiently well to participate in assessments Have established intellectual disability or psychotic illness Baby was transferred to intensive care unit after the birth


eligible ages (years): 40.0-60.0,  All  Familial Hypercholesterolemia - Heterozygous For patients with heterozygous form of familial hypercholesterolemia Aged between 40 and 60 years With an identified genetic mutation (LDL-R, ApoB, PCSK9) Asymptomatic With no EKG sign of ischemia No personal history of coronary heart disease Treated or untreated by lipid lowering treatment High cardiovascular risk identified by 1 of the following Current smoking (1 cigarette a day) 2 Family history of very premature onset CHD: first or second-degree male relative onset before age 45, first  Non-affiliation to a healthcare system Consent refusal Contra-indication to MRI or to gadolinium injection Claustrophobia, metallic devices, pacemaker, mechanical valve implanted before 1985, pregnancy, nursing Renal failure Technical contra-indication: patient diameter > 70 cm weight > 250 kg Personal history of cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction Diabetes mellitus Uncontrolled hypertension TG < 4 g/L


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Tuberculosis of TB (tuberculosis:include pulmonary tuberculosis and extra pulmonary tuberculosis) subjects judge the pulmonary tuberculosis patient according to Health industry standard of the People's Republic of China WS288-2008:Diagnostic for pulmonary tuberculosis to 65 years old ,no gender limited Consent and signed informed consent forms (ICF) Comply with follow-up of extra pulmonary tuberculosis subjects Diagnosed extra pulmonary tuberculosis by epidemiology, imaging, clinical symptoms, pathological examination and so on Lesions outside the lungs be in unfinished reinforced phase by chemotherapy  of TB (tuberculosis) subjects Accompanied by the following severe illness:advanced cancer, diabetes, copd in acute episodes, acute/progressive liver disease or kidney disease, congestive heart failure, ect Taking part in other clinical or within three months involved in any other clinical Severe allergic constitution:allergic to two or more drugs in pregnancy or lactation in a mental illness Any conditions affect the trial evaluation by investigator's judgement of non-TB participants with lung disease A clear lung disease but can pulmonary tuberculosis by clinical symptoms, imaging, laboratory examination to 65 years old, no gender limited


A 25-year-old woman presents to the clinic complaining of prolonged fatigue. She denies difficulty sleeping and sleeps an average of 8 hours a night. She also notes hair loss, a change in her voice and weight gain during the previous 6 months. She complains of cold intolerance. On examination she has a prominent, soft, uniform anterior cervical mass at the midline.

eligible ages (years): 25.0-44.0,  All  Obesity Body Weight Changes Body mass index of 21 through 30  Presence of chronic disease that precludes regular physical activity or changes in dietary intake Currently receiving treatment for psychological disorder Currently pregnant or having given birth within last 12 months Use in last 3 months of weight loss medications or other drugs that affect body weight Participation in a weight loss program in last 12 months Planning to relocate outside the study area in the next 3 years


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Hypothyroidism Male or female subjects >18 years of age Primary hypothyroidism ≥6 months duration arising from autoimmune hypothyroidism, thyroidectomy or radioiodine treatment Thyroxine dose ≥100 mcg/day No change in thyroxine dose in past 2 months Serum TSH of 0.1-4.8 mU/L Adequate contraceptive measures for women of childbearing age  Major systemic illness affecting quality of life or likely to affect participation in the study Treatment with T3 currently or in past 2 months History of thyroid cancer requiring suppression of TSH secretion by thyroxine Ischaemic heart disease – previous myocardial infarction, angina or coronary artery revascularisation Renal failure: serum creatinine >135 micromol/L Known liver disease with alkaline phosphatase or ALT >2x upper limit of reference range Bony fracture in past 3 months or Paget’s disease of bone Secondary (central) hypothyroidism or hypopituitarism


eligible ages (years): 25.0-80.0,  All  Primary Insomnia patients aged 25 with insomnia, will be recruited over a 3-6 month interval All subjects will have a stable sleep/wake schedule with a preferred sleep phase between 10:00 PM and 8:00 AM Must live in the Greater Rochester NY area All subjects will meet diagnostic for Psychophysiological Insomnia according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD). are: the complaint of insomnia and impaired daytime function; an indication of learned sleep-preventing associations and somatized tension; active help seeking. The complaint of disturbed sleep will have one or more of the following characteristics: >30 minutes to fall asleep and/or >2 awakenings per night of >15 minutes duration and/or wake after sleep onset time of > 30 minutes, problem frequency >4 nights/ week, and problem duration >6 months. In addition, all subjects will complain of fatigue and/or sleepiness at intake  As above


eligible ages (years): 45.0-75.0,  All  Obstructive Sleep Apnea Type 2 Diabetes Enrollment in LookAhead Type II Diabetes and Sleep Apnea  Determined by parent study, LookAhead


eligible ages (years): 18.0-50.0,  All  Obesity Chronic Sleep Deprivation to 50 year old obese men and premenopausal women BMI between 29-55 Chronically (for more than 6 months) sleep-deprived, defined as sleeping on a regular basis less than or equal to approximately 6-1/2 hours/night by history and objective devices (wrist activity monitors and sleep logs) External comparison subjects for extension of Effectiveness Study must meet the above  Diagnosed sleep disorders including Chronic insomnia Untreated sleep disordered breathing (sleep apnea at a level of severity [using standardized for measurement], or diagnosed UARS [upper airway resistance syndrome] that would impair the ability to increase sleep duration [Intervention Group] or maintain sleep duration [Comparison Group]. CPAP treatment that has been in place for 3 months or more and improves sleep is acceptable) Restless leg syndrome or periodic limb movement disorder Parasomnias (including REM sleep behavior disorders, confusional arousals, sleep terrors, sleepwalking, sleep violence) Primary bruxism is allowed as long as it does not interfere with the ability to sleep an additional 90 minutes a night Narcolepsy Central apnea Unstable weight (voluntary losses in BMI greater than 5% over the past 6 months); currently being enrolled in a weight loss program Untreated or uncontrolled diabetes


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes HbA1C <= 12.0% within the past 12 months BMI <= 45.0 kg/m2 Initiation, addition of, change to, or continuation of basal insulin therapy with insulin detemir as deemed necessary by Investigator  Anticipated change in concomitant medication known to interfere with glucose metabolism such as systemic steroids, non-selective beta-blockers or mono amine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors Proliferative retinopathy or maculopathy that has required acute treatment within the last 6 months Any glucose lowering medication that is not indicated in combination with insulin, such as GLP-1 Analogues Known hypoglycemia unawareness or recurrent major hypoglycemia, as judged by the Investigator


eligible ages (years): 15.0-70.0,  All  Autoimmune Thyroiditis Hashimotos Thyroiditis Clinically approved AIT patients who do not use any medication other than LT4 to keep TSH in the lower half of normal range  Any kind of drug use other than LT4 or any kind of known pathology which may effect GIS absorption


eligible ages (years): 18.0-75.0,  All  Secondary Hypothyroidism Hypopituitarism Hyperlipidemias hypopituitarism of at least 3 axes (TSH plus gonadotropin, somatotropin, corticotropin or ADH deficiency) termination of surgical or radiation treatment of pituitary tumors at least six month before study entry BMI of 20 9 kg/m2 non-smoking status  history of cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases current thyroxin dosage > 1.6 µg/kg bw pregnancy epilepsy cerebrovascular diseases nodular goiter


eligible ages (years): 0.0-5.0,  All  Congenital Hypothyroidism L-Thyroxine Follow-Up The diagnostic standard for manifest hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism was defined as follows Hypothyroidism TSH > 40 mU/L and T3 and T4 below the reference range or TSH > 40 mU/L, T3 normal and T4 below the reference range [2] Subclinical hypothyroidism TSH ≥ 20 mU/L, T3 and T4 normal or low-normal or TSH > 5.6 mU/L and < 20 mU/L on initial determination and on follow-up or TSH levels increase on follow-up and/or gradually declining T4 levels


eligible ages (years): 0.0-0.077,  All  Hypothyroxinemia Birth weight: less than 1500g Gestation: 22 weeks 0 day ≤ Serum free thyroxine level lower than 0.8 ng/dl Serum thyrotropin lower than 10 μU/ml Age of between 2 and 4 weeks after birth Informed consent  any known thyroid disease in mother


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm Females of childbearing potential who is sexually active must agree to use adequate contraception from screening throughout the duration of the study Must have a diagnosis of Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome according to International Classification of Sleep Disorders for at least 3 months Based on sleep history, subject's habitual sleep time is more than 3 hours later than the desired sleep time Must have had self reported insomnia which is defined per the sleep history as his or her sleep latency of at least 45 minutes when attempting to sleep at desired sleep time required by his or her work or school schedule The subjective sleep latency via Post sleep questionnaire during outpatient screening period must be greater than or equal to 45 minutes during every working night or school night provided the subject went to bed at their desired sleep time During single blind placebo run-in Polysomnography screening nights, subject is instructed to go to bed at their desired bed time and must demonstrate difficulty in falling asleep based on the following During Polysomnography screening nights when the subject goes to bed at their desired sleep time or The average of total wake time Is in good health as determined by a medical and psychiatric history, physical examination, Electrocardiogram, and serum chemistry and hematology Is able to complete self-rating scales via interactive voice response system, and has a touch tone phone  Has a known hypersensitivity to ramelteon or related compounds, including melatonin and melatonin-related compounds or 5-hydroxytryptophan Has participated in any other investigational study and/or taken any investigational drug within 30 days or 5 half-lives prior to the first dose of study medication, whichever is longer Has flown across greater than 3 time zones within the past 3 months prior to administration of study medication Has sleep schedule changes required by employment (eg, shift worker) within 3 months prior to the administration of study medication Has participated in a weight loss program or has substantially altered their exercise routine within 30 days prior to the administration of study medication Has a history of alcohol abuse within the past 12 months, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, or regularly consumes more than 14 alcoholic drinks per week or consumes any alcoholic drinks within 24 hours of Screening Visit Has a history of drug abuse within the past 12 months Has a current, clinically significant neurological (including cognitive), hepatic, renal, endocrine, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, hematological, or metabolic disease, as determined by the investigator Has a probable current diagnosis of another circadian rhythm disorder or a sleep disorder other than Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome that is the primary cause of insomnia Had an apnea hypopnea index greater than 10 on the first night of Polysomnography Screening


eligible ages (years): 18.0-35.0,  All  Weight Gain Age 18-35 Body mass index between 23 and 30 Interested in preventing weight gain  BMI outside of range specified Age outside of range specified History of or current eating disorder or substance abuse Recent weight loss greater than 5% of weight Currently in another research study that would interfere


eligible ages (years): 18.0-80.0,  All  Essential Tremor Subjects must be between the ages of 18 and 80 inclusive Each subject must have current manifestations of ET symptoms based on the Tremor Investigational Group (TRIG) for definite or probable ET Moderate or severe tremor in head or arms for at least 3 years duration No present causes of enhanced physiologic tremor No recent exposure to tremorogenic drugs or drug withdrawal states No direct or indirect trauma to the nervous system within 3 months preceding the onset of tremor No historic or clinical evidence of psychogenic tremor origin Subjects with a history of seizures are eligible Subjects must be in generally good health as evidenced by previous medical history and clinical examination Patients will be allowed to take Beta-blockers but will not be allowed to take any other medication for tremor (primidone, topiramate, benzodiazepines, etc.) An evening dose of a benzodiazepine to improve sleep is acceptable. They must have been on a stable dose of any existing beta-blocker for 4 weeks prior to entry into the study and will not be allowed to change the dose of that medication throughout the controlled portion of the study. Any medication discontinued during screening in order to comply with these must be stopped for 5 half-lives prior to study initiation  Patients do not meet TRIG for probable ET Subjects who are not able to abstain from alcohol for 24 hours prior to each evaluation Patients who can not maintain an identical dose of any medicine that may affect tremor during their entire study involvement Subjects who have exhibited any psychotic symptomatology Subjects who have known renal deficiencies Subjects who have been intolerant of pregabalin in the past Prior surgical treatment for tremor Patients currently taking more than a single drug for ET Patients taking anti-seizure medications Breast feeding or pregnant females


eligible ages (years): 25.0-50.0,  All  Obesity Weight Gain Body mass index (BMI) 30-39.9 kg/m2 Age 25-50 years No more than 3 kg weight loss during past three months Negative pregnancy test at entry; women of childbearing potential may be enrolled if they have had a tubal ligation or use one of the following means of contraception: condom, diaphragm, oral or implanted contraceptives, or intrauterine device. Women in exclusive relationships with male partners who have had a successful vasectomy will not be required to use any additional means of birth control  BMI < 30 or >40 Type II diabetes requiring the use of any oral antidiabetic agent and/or insulin (because of confounding effects on body weight regulation) Adverse response to study foods (lactose intolerance, dairy intolerance, dairy allergy); this will be determined by self-report History or presence of significant metabolic disease which could impact on the results of the study (i.e. endocrine, hepatic, renal disease) History of eating disorder Presence of active gastrointestinal disorders such as malabsorption syndromes Pregnancy or lactation Use of obesity pharmacotherapeutic agents within the last 6 months Use of over-the-counter anti-obesity agents (e.g. those containing phenylpropanalamine, ephedrine and/or caffeine) within the last 6 months Recent (past 12 weeks) use of tobacco


eligible ages (years): 18.0-48.0,  All  Hypothyroidism Premenopausal women with overt primary hypothyroidism (reduced T4 concentration accompanied by increased TSH concentration at the time of initial diagnosis) who did not receive thyroid hormones  Peri and postmenopause Pregnancy Major comorbidity Use of drugs that affect metabolism or bioavailability of thyroid hormones preparations


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Weight Gain Obesity Written informed consent is obtained The subject is English-speaking and 18 through 64 years of age inclusive The subject is currently receiving a serotonergic agent or is scheduled to receive a new or change in serotonergic psychotropic agents for their a psychiatric condition or can document that they have been on a stable regimen without any weight gain in last 3 months as a result The subject must have capacity to obtain and give informed consent The subject must express concern about weight gain as a potential serotonin side effect The patient is in good health as determined by a medical and psychiatric history, medical examination, and cannot have major medical illness that would jeopardize patient health during the study Women must be of nonchildbearing potential [i.e., postmenopausal, be surgically sterile (hysterectomy or tubal ligation)] or must meet all of the following conditions: using a reliable, medically accepted form of contraception for at least 60 days before the baseline visit, and agree to continue such use throughout the duration of the study and for 30 days after the final dose of study drug. Reliable forms of contraception oral, implanted, or injected contraceptives; intrauterine devices in place for at least 3 months; and adequate double-barrier methods in conjunction with spermicide (abstinence is considered an acceptable contraceptive regimen) Women must be given a urine pregnancy test (ßHCG), unless they are at least 2 years postmenopausal or surgically sterile, and the results of the test must be negative The patient must be willing and able to comply with study restrictions and to remain at the clinic for the required duration during the study period, and willing to return to the clinic for the follow-up evaluation as specified in this protocol The patient must be a voluntary admission inpatient at SUNY Upstate Medical University's Psychiatric department in order to enroll in the study  The patient lacks capacity to make medical decisions and ability to receive and utilize the informed consent process due to their mental illness The patient is incapacitated by mental illness The patient is a significant risk of suicide as determined by the study team in this acute setting The patient has recently started a weight loss or exercise program or is taking an insulin resistance improving drug OR plans to start one upon discharge The patient has a co-morbid medical problem thought to induce weight gain or make it difficult to lose weight (ie hypothyroid, hypercortisol, diabetes…) The patient has previously ( in the last 2 months) lost or gained a significant amount of weight from any weight loss program, weight loss agent, or dietary medication The patient has used an investigational drug within 1 month before the screening visit or is participating in a concurrent clinical trial The patient has any disorder that may interfere with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion (including gastrointestinal surgery) The patient is highly unlikely to comply with the study protocol, be unreliable in providing ratings, or is unsuitable for any reason, as judged by the investigator The patient has a clinically significant deviation from normal in the physical examination or medical history (renal or hepatic problems) which makes subject medically unstable at time of screening


eligible ages (years): 21.0-999.0,  All  Weight Loss Age range: 21 years and older Body mass index between 25.0-39.9 kg/m2 Weight stable (< 4.5 kg (~10 lbs) weight gain or loss within last 6 months) Body fat >25% (assessed by skinfold and plethysmography (if needed)) Non-smoking (within the last 6 months) Constant habitual activity patterns (within last 3 months) Clinically normal blood profiles (specifically, normal liver and kidney function; fasting blood glucose <110 mg/dl) Not taking medications known to influence appetite or metabolism Non-diabetic  Age: <21 years Body mass index: outside of the 25.0-39.9 kg/m2 range Gained or lost > 4.5 kg (10 lbs) within the last 6 months Body fat <25% as assessed by plethysmography Smoker (currently or within the last 6 months) Intermittently been involved in a diet and/or exercise program within the last 3 months Clinically abnormal blood profiles as identified by our study physician, Arthur Rosen, MD Taking medications (currently or within the last 3 months) known to influence appetite or metabolism Clinically diagnosed as diabetic Allergies to eggs


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Fibromyalgia Fibromyalgia using ACR diagnosis  Other confounding disease including other inflammatory disease, pain and depression


eligible ages (years): 21.0-35.0,  All  Obesity Healthy normal and obese volunteers  serious medical or neurological condition


eligible ages (years): 18.0-85.0,  All  Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis patients will meet American College of Rheumatology revised (Arnett, Edworthy et al. 1988). This requires at least four of the following seven 1) morning joint stiffness; 2) arthritis in 3 or more joint areas; 3) arthritis of hand joints; 4) symmetric arthritis; 5) rheumatoid nodules; 6) presence of serum rheumatoid factor and 7) changes on posteroanterior hand and wrist radiographs. In addition, 1-4 must be present for at least four weeks. Subjects must be between 18 and 85 years of age If rheumatoid arthritis patients are receiving treatment with traditional disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD), such as methotrexate, sulfasalazine or hydroxychloroquine, they must be on a stable regime for one month before study and stable throughout study If rheumatoid arthritis patients have received treatment with a TNF antagonist or other biologic medication, they must be drug free for greater than 3 months  Steroids Individuals currently taking greater than an equivalent of 10 mg of prednisone will be excluded given the potent anti-inflammatory effects of such medications Opioids Individuals using multiple daily dosage schedule of opioid agents such as oxycodone (Percocet), hydrocodone (Vicodin), morphine, Dilaudid will be excluded Co-morbid medical disorders the presence of active unstable and uncontrolled co-morbid medical conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer will be exclusionary criteria. In particular, individuals with co-morbid inflammatory disorders such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and other autoimmune disorders will be excluded. Any uncontrolled medical condition that is deemed by the investigators to interfere with the proposed study procedures, or put the study participant at undue risk will also be considered exclusionary criteria Chronic infections individuals with chronic infections will also be excluded because of effects on immune markers measured in study Co-morbid pain disorders individuals with co-morbid pain disorders such as fibromyalgia will also be excluded. Individuals with fibromyalgia have been found to have sleep abnormalities as well as daytime fatigue and pain (Drewes 1999) and thus could confound findings


eligible ages (years): 25.0-999.0,  All  Obesity Morbid Obesity Obese and morbidly obese women (BMI 30 years and older undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery Present with at least either metabolic syndrome or diabetes  Have smoked in the past 4 weeks Pregnant Allergic or intolerant to ingredients used in the study (e.g. soy and THIAA) There is a sound medical, psychiatric and/or social reason as determined by the Principal Investigator (PI) that makes the subject unsuitable for the study


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Neoplasms, Lung Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung Drug Therapy Genes, EGFR Male and female patients aged over 18 years Histologically proven lung adenocarcinoma clinical stage IIIB/IV ECOG performance status 0-2 Had no prior anticancer agent, radiation or surgical therapy for lung adenocarcinoma At least one measurable lesion (according to Provision of written informed consent Life expectancy of at least 12 weeks  History of malignant disease Evidence of clinically active interstitial lung diseases (patients with chronic, stable, radiographic changes who are asymptomatic need not be excluded) Expected life expectancy less than 2 months As judged by the investigator, any evidence of severe or uncontrolled systemic disease (e.g. unstable or uncompensated respiratory, cardiac, hepatic, or renal disease) Aspartate aminotransferase (AST/SGOT) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT) ≥ 2.5 x ULN if no demonstrable liver metastases (or >5 x in presence of liver metastases) Evidence of any other significant clinical disorder or laboratory finding that makes it undesirable for the subject to participate in the study Pregnancy or breast-feeding women (women of child¬bearing potential). Women of childbearing potential must practice acceptable methods of birth control to prevent pregnancy


eligible ages (years): 35.0-60.0,  All  Hypothyroidism Recently diagnosed hypothyroid subject (either during the period, or within the 6 previous months) for whom, data related to the diagnosis is available if the diagnosis was not carried out initially by the investigating doctor Subject, who has given his/her oral consent for participation  Subject included in clinical trial or having participated in a clinical trial during the last 3 months Subject presenting a major and objectifiable risk of not being able to follow-up until the next TSH level (moving, problems encountered during another study, pathology affecting the vital prognosis in the short-term) All contraindications to Lévothyrox


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Major Depressive Disorder Patients must be adult, diagnosed with major depressive disorder and treated with pharmacotherapy Physicians must be either a psychiatrist or a primary care physician, a prescriber of Pristiq, have at least 3 charts representing the 4 identified patient types, have been in clinical practice between 4 and 35 years, primarily office based (50%+), not participated in a research study relating to antidepressants or antidepressant therapy within the past month, not a consultant or have a professional relationship with a pharmaceutical company other than for clinical trials or speaking engagements, and not be employed by of affiliated with an advertising agency, market research company, or pharmaceutical company  Patients who have not been treated for depression


eligible ages (years): 20.0-999.0,  All  AITd Patients With Different Polymorphisms Autoimmune thyroid patients patients who cut Nodular Goiter in Wanfang Hospital


eligible ages (years): 18.0-90.0,  All  Central Hypothyroidism Clinical evidence of central hypothyroidism: status post pituitary surgery and/or radiotherapy plus laboratory documentation of central hypothyroidism, with or without concurrent hormonal deficiencies in other axes, such as ACTH, LH, FSH  Primary hypothyroidism


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Recurrent Melanoma Stage IV Skin Melanoma Patients must have histologically confirmed melanoma with evidence of metastatic disease either by radiologic or physical examination In-transit metastases are allowed Biopsy should be performed to reconfirm the diagnosis in cases of doubt Patients must have measurable disease For computed tomography (CT) imaging, this is defined as at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least one dimension (longest diameter to be recorded) as ≥ 20 mm by conventional techniques or as ≥ 10 mm by spiral CT scan For cutaneous lesions, these must be measurable with a ruler and documented photographically with a ruler in place There are no limits on the number of prior therapies; patients must not have received a vaccine containing any of the melanoma antigen peptides, nor previously received daclizumab; at least 4 weeks must have passed since prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy (6 weeks for BCNU [carmustine] or mitomycin C) Life expectancy greater than or equal to 12 weeks Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1 (Karnofsky ≥ 80%) Leukocytes ≥ 3,000/mcL  Patients who have had chemotherapy, biological or radiotherapy within 4 weeks (6 weeks for nitrosoureas or mitomycin C) prior to entering the study or those who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents Presence of untreated brain metastases; all patients must undergo brain imaging as part of the pre-study evaluation; only patients with no brain metastases, or with brain lesions successfully treated by stereotactic radiation or surgical removal without progression at 28-day follow-up and off corticosteroids for 4 weeks, will be eligible History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition IL-12 or other agents used in the study Concurrent systemic corticosteroids (except physiologic replacement doses) or other immunosuppressive drugs (eg. cyclosporin A) Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, significant cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements Pregnant women are excluded from this study; breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with IL-12; women of child-bearing age must be tested for urinary or serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) Patients with intrinsic immunosuppression, including seropositivity for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody; patients should be tested for HIV; HIV-positive patients are ineligible Psychiatric illness that may make compliance to the clinical protocol unmanageable or may compromise the ability of the patient to give informed consent; patients with clinical evidence of dementia should have a competent designee participate in decision making Serious concurrent infection, including active tuberculosis, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C; patients should be tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C antibody; patients who are hepatitis C antibody (Ab) positive can be eligible if they are polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-negative


eligible ages (years): 18.0-70.0,  All  Androgenetic Alopecia Male, age 18 to 70 year old, in general good health Exhibits male AGA based on a discernable hair loss in temple and vertex region rating Hamilton-Norwood Scale III vertex to VI (See Appendix 1) Subjects who give their consent to the study after thorough explanation and who personally signed and dated the informed consent document indicating that the subject, has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the trial Willing to maintain the same hairstyle, hair length and hair color throughout the study Subjects who are willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, mini-tattoo and other trial procedures Accepting the Information form plus accepting and signing the Informed Consent form  Known to be hypersensitive to minoxidil, hair dye (p-phenylenediamine), tattoo ink, fragrances, hair gel or any vehicle components Current or 4 weeks dated back use of medical shampoos or solutions which Ketoconazole or the like (e. g. Terzolin®) in the target region interfering with the CTM or examination method Current or 3 months dated back use of topical treatment in the target regions taken for more then 2 consecutive weeks interfering with the CTM (topical corticosteroids, aminexil, minoxidil, estrogens) Current or 3 months dated back use of systemic treatment (drugs or dietary supplement) taken for more than 2 consecutive weeks interfering with the CTM or examination method (beta blocker, cimetidine, diazoxide, isotretionin, corticosteroids, vitamin A intake above 10000 IU per day) Current or 12 months dated back use of Finasteride (Propecia®, FinaHair®, etc.), Dutasteride or a similar product Within past 12 months undergoing chemotherapy or receiving cytotoxic agents as well as radiation and/or laser/surgical therapy of the scalp Current or prior enrollment in any other investigational medication (drug) study within the 4 weeks prior to study initiation Presence of hair transplants, hair weaves or non-breathable wigs and hair bonding Current or 2 months dated back severe diet or presenting a history of eating disorder Any dermatological disorders of the scalp in the target region with the possibility of interfering with the CTM or examination method, such as fungal or bacterial infections, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema, folliculitis, scars or scalp atrophy


eligible ages (years): 18.0-70.0,  All  Thyroiditis, Autoimmune adults 18-70 years of age having positive antibodies against thyroid peroxidase having sonographic evidence consistent with a diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis  having evidence of end-stage thyroiditis being a current smoker or smokeless tobacco user be taking systemic glucocorticoids, interferon-alpha, anti-CD20 antibody, or anti-CTLA-4 antibody be taking any medication for treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis other than L-thyroxine or equivalent


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Hypopituitarism All patients with pituitary hypopituitarism  Unavailability of data


eligible ages (years): 0.5-1.5,  All  Down Syndrome patient with a karyotype demonstrating homogeneous, free or Robertsonian translocation trisomy 21 patient having undergone a cardiac ultrasound not demonstrating any severe heart disease patient aged 6 to 18 months at  congenital hypothyroidism hypothyroidism demonstrated by laboratory tests presenting or having presented hyperthyroidism presenting or having presented leukaemia presenting or having presented West syndrome or any other form of epilepsy or unstable neurological disease presenting or having presented signs of central nervous system distress: stroke, postoperative hypoxia, meningitis) presenting severe heart disease on cardiac ultrasound, with haemodynamic effects presenting non-controlled cardiac arrhythmia Apgar < 7 to 5 min at birth Gestational age < 245 days (35 weeks)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-65.0,  All  Primary Hypothyroidism. Patients will be between the ages of 18 to 65 and will have been on levothyroxine for primary hypothyroidism for at least 6 months  Patients will be excluded if they have the following problems: pregnancy, plan for pregnancy in the next 12 months, cardiac disease, especially coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, malabsorption disorder, gastrointestinal surgeries, significant renal or liver dysfunction, seizure disorders, thyroid and non-thyroid active cancers, uncontrolled psychosis, psychotropic medication use, steroid use, amiodarone, chemotherapy for cancer, iron supplement more than 325mg per day, carafate/ proton pump inhibitor use, cholestyramine use, and those with recent PCS orders who are expected to move out of the geographic area, age less than 18 years old or older than 65 years old Patients scheduled for deployment will be excluded


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Metastatic Breast Cancer OF (MOST for first-line therapy • Histologically confirmed breast cancer with distant metastases Note A biopsy from the primary tumor or a metastasis can be used for diagnosis Patients with non-measurable lesions are eligible Patients with inoperable, locally advanced breast cancer with lymph node metastases other than ipsilateral locoregional (axillary, infraclavicular, parasternal) or other distant metastases are eligible Patients with bone metastases with or without bone targeted therapy (bisphosphonates, denosumab) are eligible Patients with de-novo Stage IV disease are eligible HER2-positive tumor according to central pathology testing for HER2  for first-line therapy • Prior chemotherapy for inoperable locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer Note Prior neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy is allowed if doses for anthracyclines have not exceeded 720mg/m2 and 240mg/m2 for epirubicin and doxorubicin, respectively Re-exposure to paclitaxel is permitted, if the last dose of taxane was given at least 1 year before randomization Re-exposure to vinorelbine is permitted, if the last dose of vinorelbine was given at least 1 year before randomization Prior anti-HER2 treatment for metastatic or inoperable breast cancer Note Prior neoadjuvant/adjuvant anti-HER2 treatment with trastuzumab and/or lapatinib is allowed • More than one endocrine treatment line for metastatic or inoperable breast cancer exceeding a duration of 1 month


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Thyroid Cancer Differentiated thyroid cancer treated by thyroidectomy and at least 1 ablation with 131-I > 5 months ago TSH < 4 imU/L  Pregnancy Known metastasis


eligible ages (years): 40.0-75.0,  All  Hypothyroidism Thyroid Diseases Endocrine System Diseases 75 years old Diagnosis of overt or subclinical hypothyroidism in two occasions with a minimum interval period of three months  Pregnant or lactating women Severe hepatic or renal dysfunction Psychiatric disabilities, acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, familiar hypercholesterolemia, malignancy, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, bowel diseases and other disorders influencing lipid and bile acid metabolism Taking lipid-lowering agents and other drugs influencing thyroid function, lipid and bile acid metabolism Obviously poor compliance


eligible ages (years): 60.0-999.0,  All  Biomarkers of Stress in Emergency Physicians emergency physician  endocrine disease, pregnancy, recent extraprofessional deleterious life event (such as death of a near relative, divorce), any current illness, drugs used to modulate inflammatory diseases (corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory drugs, immunomodulatory drugs), or any drugs with a chronotropic effect taken over the previous six months (beta blockers, diltiazem, verapamil, anxiolytics or antidepressants)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Breast Cancer Alopecia New diagnosis of breast cancer stage 1-2 Planning to undergo neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy with curative intent Chemotherapy must be planned for at least 4 cycles of full-dose anthracycline or taxane based chemotherapy regimen Defined as one of the following regimens Adriamycin 60mg/m2 with cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2 Epirubicin 90-100mg/m2 with cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2 Paclitaxel 80mg-90/m2 weekly (every three weeks constitute a cycle), or 175 mg/m2 every 2-3 weeks as a single agent Docetaxel 100mg/m2 as a single agent Docetaxel 75mg/m2 with cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2 Docetaxel 75mg/m2 with carboplatin AUC of 6 and trastuzumab at standard doses  Stage 3 or 4 breast cancer or any other concurrent malignancy including hematological malignancies (i.e. leukemia or lymphoma) Baseline alopecia (defined CTCAE v4.0 grade > 0, see appendix B for CTCAE v4.0 scale) Subjects with cold agglutinin disease or cold urticaria Subjects who are scheduled for bone marrow ablation chemotherapy Subjects receiving chemotherapy with concurrent anthracycline and taxane (AT or TAC) Male gender


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Cancer have stage III or IV cancer diagnosis able to understand English have a Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score of 60% (able to care for most of the personal needs) have fatigue and/or two other target symptoms have been cleared by their provider to engage low to moderate intensity physical activities  are hospitalized have lesion or metastasis of bone have a cardiac pacemaker have a history of seizure or loss of consciousness have been using a Wii Fit diagnosed cognitive impairment


eligible ages (years): 25.0-65.0,  All  Obesity Prevention of Weight Gain. Men and women between 25 and 65 years of age Overweight or Class I or Class II BMI Walk without assistance Commit to a schedule of assessment visits  Physical impairment which would make the intervention very difficult, or unsafe according to the patient's physician including history of myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary bypass surgery or angioplasty in the last 6 months; peripheral artery disease, unstable angina or ischemia Enrolled within past year in a formal weight loss program Reported losing greater than 5% of current body weight in the previous 6 months Smoking Plans to move from the area Participating in another research study Clinically judged to be unsuitable for participation or adherence as determined by the participants physician Inability or unwillingness to provide informed consent


eligible ages (years): 18.0-60.0,  All  Asthma years of age or older Known Asthma The exacerbation is defined as moderate or severe Not currently enrolled as an active participant in another clinical trial of a medical therapy or device The patient or first degree family relative (in cases where the patient is intubated) has authorized his/her consent to participate in this trial. The patient will be asked to give his consent only after initial bronchodilator therapy  years of age or older Known thyroid disorders Subject where thyrotoxicosis is suspected Known heart disease Heart rate > 140


eligible ages (years): 18.0-45.0,  All  Hypothyroidism Consecutive pregnant women with L-T4 treated hypothyroidism followed at the outpatient clinic at the Endocrinology Unit, Herlev Hospital, Denmark during 2012


eligible ages (years): 18.0-35.0,  All  Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Newly diagnosed (within 1 year) Hashimoto's thyroiditis by positive serum anti-TPO antibody or anti-thyroglobulin antibody Euthyroid state by serum free T4 and TSH level within normal limit  Pregnant, planning pregnant within 1 year, or lactating women Renal insufficiency, abnormal liver function test Hematologic diseases: anemia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia G6PD deficiency, porphyria cutaneous tarda Allergy to 4-aminoquinoline compounds Known retinopathy or visual field defect disorders Already receive immunosuppression therapy


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Hypothyroidism Subclinical Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Subclinical Hyperthyroidism Graves Disease Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Iodine Deficiency Genetic Susceptibility Aged equal or more than 18 years old at the time of sampling Malaysian citizen  Respondents who did not give consent


eligible ages (years): 21.0-100.0,  All  Health Behavior adults age 21 and over referred by primary care physician for health coaching have telephone for follow-up English speaking  pregnant or trying to become pregnant


eligible ages (years): 21.0-80.0,  All  Insomnia Primary Insomnia Chronic Insomnia to 80 years of age Insomnia sufferers enrolled, will meet Research Diagnostic for insomnia disorder score > 14 on the Insomnia Severity Index report insomnia for > 3 months have sleep difficulties > 3 nights per week score < 3 on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score > 40 on the Hyperarousal Scale and report an inability to nap in the daytime The normal sleepers enrolled will report general satisfaction with sleep and no sleep/wake complaints, score < 10 on the ESS, score < 35 on the Hyperarousal Scale, and deny a practice of routine daytime napping  sleep-disruptive medical condition (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) current major psychiatric (Axis I) condition on the basis of a Structured Clinical Interview for Psychiatric Disorders (SCID) sedative hypnotic dependence and unwillingness/inability to abstain from these medications while in the study use of anxiolytics, antidepressants, or any other psychotropic medication an apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) > 5 or a periodic limb movement-related arousal index > 5 during on screening PSG that includes a full sleep montage to allow for detection/diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing and PLMD female participants who have tested positive on urine pregnancy tests or planing on becoming pregnant during the study Additionally, self-described NS who meet for any sleep disorder and those insomnia sufferers who meet for a comorbid sleep disorder in addition to insomnia disorder will also be excluded


eligible ages (years): 19.0-999.0,  All  Post Radiation/Chemotherapy Alopecia Presents With Hair Thinning. Post-burn Alopecia Presents With Hair Thinning. Cicatricial Alopecia Presents With Hair Thinning. Androgenetic Alopecia Presents With Hair Thinning Alopecia Due to Traumatic Injuries Presents With Hair Thinning. Alopecia Due to Skin Disease Presents With Hair Thinning. Subject is ≥ 19 years old Subject has hair thinning of any etiology and has chosen to undergo hair extensions treatment Subject has mental capacity to understand study guidelines and requirements (to maintain scalp hygiene, delicate combing, etc.) Subject has been evaluated by the investigator to have a scalp condition in the planned area of implantation that is acceptable for entering the study and currently is NOT suffering from skin problems at planned implantation site around it Subject has Good general health Woman of child bearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test Subject willing to sign a written informed consent form (ICF) and the post implantation maintenance protocol  Previous other synthetic hair implants or hair transplantation in the past six months. Subjects with previous Hairstetics' implants implanted less than 6 month prior to screening are allowed, if the implants are located in a different location on the scalp Currently suffering from skin problems at planned implantation site or around it that might affect the procedure and/or success as clinically evaluated by the investigator Currently receiving or have within the past 3 months received radiation and/or chemotherapy Currently using steroid product with Immunosuppressive treatment Impaired coagulation Serious illness that may affect subject compliance to protocol Subject is using illegal drugs Participating in other clinical study Known allergy or hypersensitivity to Nitinol or Nickel or Titanium


eligible ages (years): 18.0-35.0,  All  Sleep Pregnancy Stillbirth Infant, Low Birth Weight Infant, Small for Gestational Age Infant, Very Low Birth Weight Fetal Growth Retardation Fetal Hypoxia ≥18 years old low-risk singleton pregnancy entering the last trimester of pregnancy (in range 26-30 weeks of gestation) residing in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area or area served by the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital fluent in either English, Twi, or Ga  BMI ≥ 35 at booking (first antenatal appointment for current pregnancy) pregnancy complicated by obstetric complications (hypertension [pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, chronic hypertension], diabetes [gestational or not], or intra-uterine growth restriction [<10th %ile for growth]) sleep complicated by medical conditions (known to get <4 hours of sleep per night due to insomnia, or musculoskeletal disorder that prevents sleeping on a certain side [e.g., arthritic shoulder]) multiple pregnancy known fetal abnormality maternal age >35


eligible ages (years): 18.0-45.0,  All  Diabetes Weight Gain Weight Loss Cardiovascular Disease Obesity Participants will be men of European (self-report of both parents of white European origin) or South Asian (self-report of both parents of Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi or Sri Lankan origin) with BMI <25 kg.m-2, who have been weight stable (± 2 kg) for >6 months  will diabetes (physician diagnosed or HbA1c ≥6.5% on screening), history of cardiovascular disease, regular participation in vigorous physical activity, current smoking, taking drugs or supplements thought to affect carbohydrate or lipid metabolism, or other significant illness that would prevent full participation in the study


eligible ages (years): 4.0-18.0,  All  Hashimoto Thyroiditis Graves Disease For HT A positive titers of antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) or antithyroglobulin (anti-Tg) antibodies and at least one of Abnormal thyroid function that requires substitution treatment with L-thyroxine (TSH > 5 μIU/ml and decreased or normal levels of fT4 or fT3) Increased volume of thyroid gland (goiter) Morphological changes on ultrasound of the thyroid gland For GD A positive titers of thyroid stimulating antibodies (anti-TSI) and Decreased TSH levels and increased levels of fT4 or fT3 For Controls Otherwise healthy children and adolescents, age  Not Caucasian origin or affinity among participants Age of diagnosis above 18 years Disease duration below 3 months


eligible ages (years): 18.0-80.0,  All  Hypothyroidism Neoplasms Postoperative Complications Biopsy proven head and neck cancer, as defined by AJCC staging system Treated with surgery in Edmonton, Alberta Treated with curative intent Diagnosis of sub-clinical hypothyroidism after head and neck surgery (TSH 4-10mIU/L, and free T4 10-24pmol/L)  Head and neck cancer of the thyroid gland, or other subsite involving the thyroid gland Underwent previous treatment for a different head and neck cancer History of radiation therapy and or chemotherapy to the head and neck History of thyroid disease as follows Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Autoimmune thyroid disease including Grave's disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis History of thyroiditis History of diabetes mellitus History of long term steroid usage


eligible ages (years): 8.0-15.0,  All  Type 1 Diabetes Stress Informed consent signed by a parent/legal guardian and informed assent signed by the study participant prior study entry Diagnosed with Type 1 DM/Hashimoto thyroiditis prior to signature of Patient Informed Consent (PIC) (for the T1D group) Age between 8-15 years old (inclusive) at signature of PIC Treated by the investigator's centre prior signature of PIC (For the T1D and HT group) Willing to undergo all study procedures  Any documented concomitant chronic disease known to affect diabetes control (e.g. altered renal function, active cancer undergoing treatment, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, Mb Addison disease) Any other medical, social or psychological condition that, in the investigator's opinion, makes the patient unable to comply with the study protocol (e.g. intellectual disability)


eligible ages (years): 20.0-80.0,  All  Head and Neck Neoplasms Patients aged 20 to 80 years scheduled to receive neck dissection due to head and neck cancer  history of coagulation disorders prior radiation to the neck prior neck dissection declined to participate


eligible ages (years): 2.0-18.0,  All  Pediatric Sleep Apnea children (younger than 18 years old and older than 2 years old) with symptoms of snoring and then were confirmed to having obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome by a comprehensive polysomnography  patients with substance abuse problems or the long-term usage of medications known to affect sleep, craniofacial abnormalities or neuromuscular disorders, Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, mucopolysaccharidoses, Prader-Willi syndrome, history of psychosis, central sleep apnea syndrome, or previous airway surgery including tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy were excluded from the study


A 30-year-old generally healthy woman presents with shortness of breath that had started 2 hours before admission. She has had no health problems in the past besides 2 natural abortions. She had given birth to a healthy child 3 weeks before. On examination, she is apprehensive, tachypneic and tachycardic, her blood pressure is 110/70 and her oxygen saturation 92%. Otherwise, physical examination is unremarkable. Her chest x-ray and CBC are normal.

eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Lung Neoplasms Breast Neoplasms Diagnosis of local or metastatic breast or lung cancer Shortness of breath with onset after cancer diagnosis Life expectancy of at least 4 weeks  Prior acupuncture Other conditions suspected of causing shortness of breath, such as congestive heart failure, sarcoid disease, pneumonia, or obesity No chest wall deformity Neuromuscular disorders Pulmonary vascular disease Anemia Uncontrolled pain or infection Heart valve dysfunction


eligible ages (years): 40.0-999.0,  All  Heart Failure, Congestive We plan to all patients presenting to the ED with shortness of breath that are over 40 years old and present with an emergency department triage category of 3 or higher  Patients presenting with a traumatic cause of dyspnea, patients with severe renal disease (serum creatinine level of more than 250 micro mmol/L, patients with cardiogenic shock, and patients who have an early transfer to another hospital (within 24 hrs) will be excluded


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Pulmonary Embolism Right Heart Strain Referred from clinical departments at Odense University Hospital Referred to the Departments of Nuclear Medicine or Radiology for diagnostic evaluation of suspected pulmonary embolism Referred for lung scintigraphy, spiral computer tomography, or pulmonary angiography  Age below 18 Contrast allergy Pregnancy S-Creatinine above 200 micromol/L Metformin treatment Fibrinolytic or surgical therapy between examinations No informed consent Withdrawn consent Failed logistics (more than 24 hours between examinations) No conclusive pulmonary angiography


eligible ages (years): 16.0-999.0,  All  Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome Pulmonary Hypertension After obtaining informed consent the following patients will be included All patients admitted to the ICU with pulmonary hypertension (mean PA > 35 mmHg) All patients in ICU with post operative pulmonary HTN (mean PA > 35 mm Hg) All patients with ARDS (PaO2/FiO2 < 200 arterial hypoxemia, bilateral infiltrates on Chest X-ray infiltrates on CXR and a wedge < 20 mm Hg on swan ganz parameters) or signs of heart failure  Patients to be excluded will be those with Pulmonary embolus Cor pulmonale Ejection fraction of < 30%, wedge > 20 mm Hg Non-intubated patients Pediatric patients (< 16 yrs of age)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Ischemic Stroke Angiographically confirmed large vessel ischemic stroke (occlusion may the following: internal carotid artery (ICA), M1/M2, vertebral, or basilar arteries) Intervention is able to be performed within 8 hours of symptom onset Patients > 18 years of age NIHSS score 8+ Failed IV t-PA treatment or contraindicated for IV t-PA  International Normalized Ratio (INR) > 3.0 Platelet count < 30,000 Heparin use in previous 24 hours with PTT > 2X normal Baseline bloog glucose < 50 mg/dL Baseline computed tomography (CT) showing mass effect with midline shift Severe sustained hypertension (SBP > 185 or DBP > 110) that cannot be controlled with medication Patient is pregnant, has anticipated life expectancy < 3 months, or has severe allergy to contrast medium Arterial stenosis > 50% proximal to embolus Excessive arterial tortuosity that precludes the study device from reaching the target area


eligible ages (years): 18.0-45.0,  All  Uterine Leiomyoma Participants in the Right From The Start Study must be 18 years old or older, pregnant, enrolled by 10 weeks of gestation, planning to carry pregnancy to term, no plans to move before delivery, and English speaking. Those who are found to have fibroids at either their 7-week, or 22-week ultrasound examination are eligible for this further postpregnancy study A small substudy of 30 women having MRIs to evaluate the sensitivity of the ultrasound imaging will only participants with a single fibroid found at the early pregnancy ultrasound  FOR MRI for the MRI are weight greater than 250 pounds, currently pregnant, metal of specific types in the body (an artificial hip, a clip for brain aneurysm, a medical implant in the ear, metal fragment in the eye, or a pacemaker), history of claustrophobia, previous severe reaction to MRI contrast, and chronic kidney disease. A severe reaction would consist of bronchospasm (shortness of breath/difficulty breathing) or shock (sudden loss of blood pressure). Risk is less than 1/100,000 with Gd based contrast material. Any potential subject with a history of kidney disease will be excluded from the study


eligible ages (years): 12.0-24.0,  All  Substance Abuse Native American pregnant teens or young women ages 12-22 years old at the time of conception Women ages 20-22 years at the time of conception must be pregnant for the first time Partners of pregnant teens must be between the ages of 12-24 Pregnant <28 weeks gestation and able to meet the requirements for completing the program in a timely way An enrolled tribal member Reside in the Reservation Service Unit Catchment Area and within 60 mile of the Indian Health Service Unit Headquarters  Severe mental illness schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, incapacitating depression, or Substance abuse/dependence in need of intensive and specific treatment Active legal problems – subjects will not be enrolled if they are incarcerated or if program participation has been made a condition of parole Ongoing social service involvement for abuse and neglect


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Pregnancy Healthy women First trimester of a normal pregnancy Normal baseline echocardiogram  Pregnancy with more than one fetus Any hemodynamically significant cardiac condition Any known systemic disease Poor quality echocardiogram


eligible ages (years): 0.0-0.192,  All  Development of Control of Breathing Gestational age 23 0/7 6/7 weeks Enrolled in the COT trial at the Health Sciences Centre and the St. Boniface General Hospital in Winnipeg Postnatal age between 21 days and 70 days Informed written consent obtained from at least one of the parents  Need for mechanical ventilation, NCPAP or O2 Sepsis or other known causes of apnea


eligible ages (years): 40.0-999.0,  All  Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Age at least 40 years COPD Dyspnea, determined by Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) scale of at least 1 Dyspnea and lung disease process dominated by COPD in judgment of the study physician Participant must meet one of the following Post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) percent less than or equal to 70% predicted Post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) percent >70% predicted and LOTT study physician determines that there is radiologic evidence of emphysema Post-bronchodilator FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) less then 0.70 Participant must meet either of the following oxygen saturation Oxygen saturation of at least 89% and no greater than 93% after sitting quietly on room air, without hyperventilation and without pursed lips breathing during oximetry  Less than 30 days post treatment for acute exacerbation of COPD as of initiating evaluation (less than 30 days from last dose of antibiotics or since a new or increased dose of systemic corticosteroids was initiated); chronic use of systemic corticosteroids while health is stable is not exclusionary COPD exacerbation requiring antibiotics, new or increased dose of systemic corticosteroids, or oxygen treatment after screening starts and prior to randomization (chronic use of corticosteroids while health is stable is not exclusionary) Less than 30 days post discharge from an acute care hospital after acute care hospitalization for COPD or other condition, as of initiating evaluation (participant may be in a rehab hospital at time of screening) New prescription of supplemental oxygen after screening starts and before randomization Thoracotomy, sternotomy, major cardiopulmonary intervention (e.g., lung resection, open heart surgery, etc.), or other procedure in the 6 months before study entry likely to cause instability of pulmonary status Non-COPD lung disease that affects oxygenation or survival Epworth Sleepiness Scale score greater than 15 Desaturation below 80% for at least 1 minute during the 6-minute walk test Disease or condition expected to cause death, inability to perform procedures for the trial, or inability to comply with therapy within 6 months of random assignment, as judged by the study physician Participation in another intervention study


eligible ages (years): 50.0-70.0,  All  Healthy Participants of health check program at our hospital who will receive a scheduled X-ray computed tomography examination for either lung (20 cases) or heart (20 cases)  Those whose age are under 50 or above 70 year-olds will be excluded


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Postpartum Depression Women after term elective cesarean section  age < 16 years, preterm (< 37 weeks) delivery, multiple gestation, symptomatic anemia necessitating blood transfusion, significant fetal anomalies or infant not discharged with mother for other reason, preexisting severe chronic maternal illness, preexisting maternal depression and/or current use of antidepressants, other psychiatric illness (e.g. bipolar disease, schizophrenia) or preexisting hemoglobinopathy


eligible ages (years): 18.0-50.0,  All  Asthma Hypersensitivity for healthy controls Normal lung function, defined as (Knudson 1976/1984 predicted set) FVC of > 80 % of that predicted for gender, ethnicity, age and height FEV1 of > 80 % of that predicted for gender, ethnicity, age and height FEV1/FVC ratio of > .75 Oxygen saturation of > 94 % and normal blood pressure (Systolic between 150 Diastolic between 90-60 mm Hg) Symptom Score no greater than 6 (out of a possible 24) for total symptom score with a value no greater than 2 for any one score Negative methacholine inhalation challenge as performed in the screening protocol. (Less than a 20% decrease in FEV1 at a maximum methacholine concentration of 10 mg/ml) --Negative pregnancy test for females Negative allergy skin test (AST) for allergic asthmatics also  Any chronic medical condition considered by the PI as a contraindication to the exposure study including significant cardiovascular disease, diabetes requiring medication, chronic renal disease, or chronic thyroid disease Physician directed emergency treatment for an asthma exacerbation within the preceding 12 months Use of systemic steroid therapy within the preceding 12 months for an asthma exacerbation. All use of systemic steroids in the last year will be reviewed by a study physician Use of inhaled steroids, cromolyn or leukotriene inhibitors (montelukast or zafirlukast) except for use of cromolyn exclusively prior to exercise Use of daily theophylline within the past month Use of tricyclics and MAO inhibitors Pregnancy or nursing a baby Cigarette smoking > 1 pack per month Nighttime symptoms of cough or wheeze greater than 1x/week at baseline (not during a clearly recognized viral induced asthma exacerbation) which would be characteristic of a person of moderate or severe persistent asthma as outlined in the current NHLBI guidelines for diagnosis and management of asthma Exacerbation of asthma more than 2x/week which would be characteristic of a person of moderate or severe persistent asthma as outlined in the current NHLBI guidelines for diagnosis and management of asthma


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis of acute PE requires symptoms of PE present <14 days with CT angiography interpreted as positive for acute PE. Initial evaluation for PE must be predicated upon the investigation of new or unexplained cardiopulmonary or chest-related clinical features consistent with PE, including shortness of breath, chest pain, respiratory distress, dizziness, unexplained tachypnea, tachycardia, syncope, cough or hemoptysis. All patients must have CT chest angiography with <2 mm collimation,(36) with or without indirect venography. Pulmonary arterial opacification will be achieved with power injection of non-ionic, low osmolar contrast in an antecubital vein with a timing run; the pitch, voltage, gantry speed and other technical details appropriate for each scanner.(37;38) Images will be interpreted as positive for intrapulmonary arterial filling defect consistent with acute PE using our published definitions(37;38) by a board-certified radiologist with specialty training in body CT or emergency medicine imaging in all cases SBP (SBP)> 89 mm Hg at the time of enrollment. We will allow enrollment for a patient with an SBP < 90 mm Hg prior to enrollment, or a patient with a SBP>80 mm Hg, if the patient has a documented or patient-identified history of low blood pressure and has no symptoms of shock, as described by Jones et al.(39) SaO2% >80% at time of enrollment Patients must have a Borg score greater than 4/10  Altered mental status such that they are unable to provide consent Inability to use a nasal cannula or face mask (e.g., anatomic defect) Supplemental oxygen requirement greater than can be administered via nasal cannula or face mask in order to maintain SaO2 >80% Pregnancy Pneumothorax with decompression A serum mtHb greater than 10% Concurrent therapies including Viagra® (sildenafil) use within the past 24 hours Levitra® (vardenafil) use within the past 24 hours Cialis® (tadalafil) use within the past 72 hours


eligible ages (years): 0.0-0.019,  All  Adrenal Insufficiency All preterm (28 to 34 week gestation) very low birth weight (birth weight 750-1500grams.) infants born at AIIMS would be eligible for enrollment in the study. Of these infants, those who meet the following would be enrolled Cases: Preterm (28 to 34 week gestation) infants with birth weight between 750 and 1500 grams with shock in the first week of life requiring vasopressor therapy (dopamine or dobutamine or both in a dose of > 10 mcg/kg/min) Controls: Stable preterm (28 to 34 week gestation) infants with birth weight between 750 and 1500 grams who are matched for gestational age, birth weight, postnatal-age  Major congenital malformations Mother receiving anticonvulsant / anti-tubercular drugs (rifampicin, isoniazid) Postnatal corticosteroid treatment Refusal to give consent


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Thromboembolism Venous Thromboembolism Patients who were treated with fondaparinux pre-, peri and/or postpartum for more than 7 days for VTE prophylaxis or treatment, especially those with a history of abortion, and/or stillbirth, VTE, severe fetal and maternal complications during pregnancy, severe inherited or acquired thrombophilias, long-term anticoagulation (e. g. patients with mechanical heart valves) and/or intolerance to heparins or heparinoids or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)  Patients who were treated with fondaparinux for less than 7 days Patient who were treated with fondaparinux only postpartum


eligible ages (years): 0.0-18.0,  All  Mechanical Ventilation Weaning Phase in Children An eligible subject will be considered for into this clinical trial if the attending physician is ready to begin weaning from mechanical ventilation and if the patient fulfils all the following The attending physician thinks that the patient will be able to breathe spontaneously or the patient is already breathing spontaneously No vasopressor or inotropic medication, unless the patient is receiving some digitalin or small doses of dopamine or dobutamine (≤ 5 µg/kg/min) Slight or no endotracheal tube gas-leakage ((Vti Vte)/Vti ≤ 20%) Mechanical ventilation with a plateau pressure ≤ 25 cmH2O over PEEP PEEP ≤ 8 cmH2O FiO2 ≤ 60% in order to obtain pulse oxymetry ≥ 95% PaCO2 < 70 mmHg on the last blood gases Extubation not expected the day of  A patient will be excluded from this study a priori if he/she presents one or many of the following The patient fails the pressure-support test (this test is described below in the section entitled "Intervention") Invasive or non invasive mechanical ventilation at home or on hospital ward before PICU admission Child with a tracheotomy Child with an history of mechanical ventilation > 2 months Contemplate withdrawing mechanical ventilation for palliative care Child with tracheobronchomalacia responsible for chronic respiratory failure Child with a severe neuromuscular disease prior to admission or acquired in the PICU and unable to generate a negative pressure of at least cmH20 during inspiration Child with a "do not resuscitate order" and/or "do not reintubate order" is prescribed


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Pulmonary Embolism Must be Age greater than or equal to 18 Obtain informed written consent Diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) (< 14 days) Catheter-directed therapy (CDT) was performed to treat acute PE


eligible ages (years): 21.0-999.0,  All  Sleep Apnea, Obstructive Age greater than 21 years Patients scheduled for a procedure that requires analgesia and/or sedation by any route (intravenous, intramuscular, oral, epidural or intrathecal) Patients with an anticipated length of sedation greater than or equal to one hour Patients in the ASA category I through III Patients who only receive propofol, benzodiazepines, and opioids  Age less than 21 years Patients whose room air oxygen saturation is <90% Patients receiving post-operative positive airway pressure support Previous allergic/contact reactions to adhesives CHF Moderate or severe valvular disease TIA/CVA Carotid stenosis or endarterectomy Anemia (HCT if available < 30%) Pulmonary hypertension


eligible ages (years): 0.0-60.0,  All  Fetomaternal Hemorrhage Neonatal Anemia Women admitted for term delivery (delivery between 37 0/7 and 41 6/7 weeks from the last menstrual period) to the Mount Sinai Medical Center  Women carrying fetuses with known fetal anomaly Women unable to complete the consent process due to likely precipitous delivery, severe labor discomfort, or fetal distress requiring immediate intervention


eligible ages (years): 18.0-50.0,  All  Postpartum Hemorrhage All patients planned for elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia All patients who gave written informed consent to participate in this study  All patients who refuse to give written informed consent All patients who claim allergy or hypersensitivity to carbetocin or oxytocin All patients with conditions that predispose to uterine atony and postpartum hemorrhage such as placenta previa, multiple gestation, preeclampsia, eclampsia, macrosomia, polyhydramnios, uterine fibroids, previous history of uterine atony and postpartum bleeding, or bleeding diathesis All patients with hepatic, renal, and vascular disease All patients requiring general anesthesia prior to the administration of the study drug


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Venous Thromboembolism Postpartum Women must be at high risk for thromboembolism for one of the following reasons Known low risk thrombophilia (Known = diagnosed prior to enrollment and low risk thrombophilia includes heterozygous factor V Leiden or prothrombin gene variant or protein C deficiency or protein S deficiency. If not previously tested then assumed not to have thrombophilia) Immobilization (defined as >90% of waking hours in bed, of a week or more at any point in the antepartum period) OR any two of the following reasons Postpartum infection (fever (temperature>38.5oC) and clinical signs/symptoms of infection and elevated neutrophil count (higher than local lab normal)) Postpartum hemorrhage (Estimated blood loss >1000 ml during delivery and postpartum) Pre-pregnancy BMI >25 kg/m2 Emergency cesarean birth (emergency = not planned prior to onset of labour) Smoking >5 cigarettes per day prior to pregnancy Preeclampsia (blood pressure ≥ 140mmHG systolic and/or ≥90 mmHg diastolic on at least one occasion and proteinuria (1+ on urine dipstick or 300mg/dl or total excretion of 300mg/24 hours) or typical end-organ dysfunction  Less than 6 hours or more than 36 hours since delivery at the time of randomization Need for anticoagulation as judged by the local investigator, may but not limited to Personal history of previous provoked or unprovoked VTE (DVT or PE) Continuation of LMWH that was started in the antenatal period for VTE prophylaxis Mechanical heart valve Known high-risk thrombophilia (Known = diagnosed prior to enrolment and high-risk thrombophilia includes deficiency of antithrombin (at least 1 abnormal lab result), persistently positive anticardiolipin antibodies (> 30U/ml on two measurements a minimum of six weeks apart), persistently positive Anti B2 glycoprotein antibodies (> 20U/ml on two measurements a minimum of six weeks apart), persistently positive lupus anticoagulant (positive on two measurements a minimum of six weeks apart), homozygous factor V Leiden (FVL), homozygous prothrombin gene mutation (PGM), compound heterozygosity factor V Leiden (FVL) and prothrombin gene mutations (PGM), more than 1 thrombophilia (any combination of 2 or more: FVL, PGM, protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency). If not previously tested then assumed not to have thrombophilia) Contraindication to heparin therapy, including History of heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) Platelet count of less than 80,000 x 106/L on postpartum Complete Blood Count(CBC) Hemoglobin ≤ 75 g/L on postpartum CBC


eligible ages (years): 18.0-35.0,  All  Bleeding Venous Thromboembolism Age > 18 years old Delivered by cesarean section (emergency or planned) Signed, informed consent Ready access to a local health service Capable of using Tinzaparin  at high risk for thromboembolism (any one of the following) age more than 35 years old obesity (more than 80 kg) parity more than 4 gross varicose veins current infection pre-eclampsia immobility prior to surgery (more than 4 days) Major current disease: including heart or lung disease, cancer,inflammatory bowel disease and nephrotic syndrome Extended major pelvic or abdominal surgery (e.g. cesarean hysterectomy)


eligible ages (years): 18.0-55.0,  All  Postpartum Hemorrhage All patients planned for elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia All patients who give written informed consent to participate in this study  All patients who refuse to give written informed consent All patients who claim allergy or hypersensitivity to carbetocin or oxytocin All patients with conditions that predispose to uterine atony and postpartum hemorrhage such as placenta previa, multiple gestation, preeclampsia, eclampsia, macrosomia, polyhydramnios, uterine fibroids, previous history of uterine atony and postpartum bleeding, or bleeding diathesis All patients with hepatic, renal, and vascular disease All patients requiring general anesthesia prior to the administration of the study drug


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Contraception Postpartum Depression Lactation Age > 18 years old and > 24 0/7 weeks pregnant at time of enrollment Planning to deliver at Magee-Womens Hospital and to breastfeed Plans to use DMPA for postpartum contraception for at least 6 months Willing and able to provide informed consent in English and to comply with study protocol  Intolerance of irregular vaginal bleeding Severe coagulation disorder Severe liver disease (LFTs >2x upper limits of normal at time of randomization) Contraindications to breastfeeding: maternal HIV infection; active herpes simplex with breast lesions; active varicella; active, untreated tuberculosis; antineoplastic, thyrotoxic, or immunosuppressive medications; concern that the infant may have galactosemia History of breast cancer, reduction or augmentation surgery History of severe clinical depression Multiple gestation


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Acute Mountain Sickness   acute clinically significant inter-current diseases


eligible ages (years): 0.0-1.5,  All  Bronchiolitis All children under 18 months of age with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis requiring admission to hospital for observation and oxygen  Infants admitted directly to ICU from Emergency Prior positive pressure home ventilation Tracheostomy Nasogastric tubes in situ on admission Upper airway abnormality Congenital heart disease


eligible ages (years): 19.0-999.0,  All  Air Embolism as A Complication of Medical Care Subject is undergoing ERCP as part of their medical care Subject will be of age 19 or older  Subject positioning for the ERCP is prone, thereby inhibiting the performance of the TTE Subject intolerance of the pressure of the TTE probe Subject body habitus interferes with obtaining adequate images to assess for intra-cardiac air


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic Anxiety The patient must have given his/her informed and signed consent The patient must be insured or beneficiary of a health insurance plan The patient is available for 12 months of follow up The patient has given birth this day to a premature child (< 36 weeks of gestation and/or < 2 kg birthweight) Separation of child and mother since birth  The patient or baby is participating in another study, excepting the studies "OASIS" or "PROM8736" The patient or baby is in an period determined by a previous study The patient is under judicial protection, under tutorship or curatorship The patient or father refuses to sign the consent It is impossible to correctly inform the patient Preexisting maternal psychiatric pathology Major or lethal poly-malformation syndrome Severe pathologies that threaten child survival: pulmonary hypertension, septic shock, anoxic-ischemic brain Any emergency situation preventing patient involvement Mother and/or child not hospitalized at the Nîmes University Hospital


eligible ages (years): 0.0-999.0,  All  Breastfeeding pregnant women (gestational week 35-36)  women with known physical, psychological and/or social illness/problem that result in hospitalization more than 50 hours after delivery women with known pregnancy related illness that result in hospitalization more than 50 hours after delivery Women not understanding or speaking Danish women expecting multiple babies women having decided not to breastfeed women expecting to deliver at another hospital than the one she has been visiting during pregnancy


eligible ages (years): 19.0-92.0,  All  COPD Men of ages 18 and 30 (Dates of birth 1973-1985) or 55-92 years old (Dates of birth 1911-1948) Must not currently be a cigarette smoker. If an ex-smoker then has not smoked for at least 10 years and consumption were no more than 10 pack years Agrees to volunteers for the study and willing to sign the informed consent form There were negative/normal screening tests for the following Responses to the questionnaire deny current and prior respiratory diseases (including asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, sinusitis and interstitial lung d9sase) and no current respiratory complaints (e.g., cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis). Subjects must not be taking any cardiac medications or admit to a physician-diagnosed cardiac condition "Normal" spirometry measurements with FEV1 & FVC greater than 75% predicted and FEV1/FVC more than 69% Impedance oscillometry were within normal limits "Negative" physical examination of the chest with absence of wheezing and crackles on auscultation of the chest Exhaled nitric oxide concentration is less than 35 ppb for younger and less than 65 ppb for older groups  men of: ages < 18, 31-54 and >92 years old current cigarette smokers or exsmokers who have smoked within the past 10 years and/or smoked more than 10 pack/years refusal to volunteer for the study and not willing to sign the informed consent form screening test not considered "normal" by physician/PI and showing one or more of the following one or more positive response to the questionnaire(e.g., current or past respiratory diseases including asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, sinusitis and interstitial lung disease; and/or; current respiratory complaints (e.g., cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis) and/or; admitting to taking a cardiac medication and/or; or physician-diagnosed cardiac condition (e.g., coronary heart disease, angina, myocardial infarction, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, etc.) Abnormal spirometry measurements (FEV1 &/or FVC <75% predicted and FEV1/FVC <69%) "Positive" physical examination (performed by Physician/PI) with presence of wheezing and/or crackles on auscultation of the chest Impulse oscillometry >4 times normal limits Exhaled nitric oxide of >35ppb for younger group and >65 ppb for older group. -


eligible ages (years): 18.0-50.0,  All  Healthy Healthy males within the age range of 18 to 50 years A body mass index within 18-25 Kg/m2 Given written informed consent to participate in the study Absence of diseases markers of HIV 1 & 2, Hepatitis B & C virus and RPR Absence of significant disease or clinically significant abnormal laboratory values on laboratory evaluation, medical history and physical examination during the screening A normal 12-lead ECG A normal chest X-Ray Comprehension of the nature and purpose of the study and compliance with the requirements of the entire protocol No history or no evidence of hypersensitivity or idiosyncratic reactions to other nitrates or nitrites  Blood pressure Systolic> 140 mm Hg and < 110 mm Hg Diastolic< 70 mm Hg > 90 mm Hg History of seizures History of alcohol consumption for more than 2 units/day High caffeine or tobacco consumption History of difficulty with donating blood or difficulty in accessibility of veins Any unusual or abnormal diet, for whatever reason e.g. fasting due to religious reasons Used any pharmacological agents known to significantly induce or inhibit drug metabolizing enzymes within 14 days of the start of the study


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Smoking Cessation Pregnancy first or second trimester of pregnancy age 18 or older self-reported tobacco use in the past 90 days or nicotine-dependence in the past year  intend to terminate their pregnancy intend to move out of the city within the next 12 months are unable to provide informed consent and participate in English


eligible ages (years): 18.0-60.0,  All  Pregnancy Complications Weight Gain Healthy pregnant females > 18 years of age with singleton pregnancies (either nulliparous or multiparous) less than 15 weeks gestation a pre pregnancy BMI < 40 kg/m2 (owing to the fact that severe obesity with BMI> 40 may have limitations with respect to physical activity) plans to deliver at a Hamilton or London regional hospital or by home birth and willing to attend research visits at the community site where they were recruited able to tolerate dairy foods approval of primary care provider able to provide signed informed consent  unable to understand some English type 1 or type 2 diabetes breastfeeding during current pregnancy pregnancy resulting from in vitro fertilization known contraindications to exercise as recommended by the Canadian clinical practice guidelines for pregnancy severe gastrointestinal diseases or conditions any significant heart, kidney, liver or pancreatic diseases pre-existing diabetes currently smoking a depression score above 10 on the validated Edinburgh depression questionnaire


eligible ages (years): 18.0-35.0,  All  Retinal Oxygenation Retinal Blood Flow Men and women aged between 18 and 35 years Nonsmokers Normal findings in the medical history and physical examination unless the investigator considers an abnormality to be clinically irrelevant Normal laboratory values unless the investigator considers an abnormality to be clinically irrelevant Normal ophthalmic findings, ametropy < 3 Dpt  Regular use of medication, abuse of alcoholic beverages, participation in a clinical trial in the 3 weeks preceding the study (except oral contraceptive) Symptoms of a clinically relevant illness in the 3 weeks before the first study day Presence of any form of anemia Blood donation during the previous 3 weeks Pregnancy


eligible ages (years): 18.0-999.0,  All  Deep Vein Thrombosis Pulmonary Embolus ≥ 18 years Investigator judges caval filtration clinically indicated for prevention of pulmonary embolism in patient with venous thromboembolic disease or at high risk for venous thromboembolic disease. Patient must meet at least one of the following Anticoagulant therapy is contraindicated, has failed, cannot be achieved or maintained, must be interrupted, resulted in complication, or places the patient at high risk of complication and the patient has Pulmonary embolus Iliocaval deep vein thrombosis (DVT) Severe trauma with high risk of venous thromboembolism including closed head injury, spinal cord injury, or multiple long bone or pelvic fractures Surgery planned with high risk of venous thromboembolism including procedures such as bariatric, orthopedic, or pelvic surgery Past history of thromboembolic disease undergoing surgery Therapeutic anticoagulation can be achieved, but the patient has Venous thromboembolism such as pulmonary embolism or DVT with limited cardiopulmonary reserve  Condition that inhibits radiographic visualization of the IVC Known inadequate venous anatomy to allow insertion or retrieval of the filter from the IVC including occlusion of the SVC or jugular veins Known IVC transverse diameter at target implant site > 28 mm Known obstructing abdominal mass or anatomy that is not suitable for infra-renal placement of IVC filter Known duplication of IVC or left-sided IVC Severe kyphosis or scoliosis Known IVC thrombosis extending to renal veins, or renal or gonadal vein thrombosis Risk for septic pulmonary embolism Confirmed bacteremia Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) < 30 ml/min, or dialysis dependent


eligible ages (years): 18.0-50.0,  All  Deep Venous Thrombosis Pulmonary Embolism Age: 18 years or older, and Pregnancy confirmed by urinary pregnancy test, and Gestational age < 14 weeks, and Previous objectively confirmed VTE, either unprovoked, in the presence of use of oral contraceptives or estrogen/progestagen use, or related to pregnancy or the postpartum period, or minor risk factors (e.g. long distance travel, minor trauma)  Previous VTE related to a major provoking risk factor (e.g. surgery, major trauma or plaster cast immobilisation in the 3 months prior to VTE) as the sole risk factor, or Indication for treatment with therapeutic dose anticoagulant therapy (e.g. treatment of acute VTE; permanent use of therapeutic anticoagulants outside of pregnancy), or Inability to provide informed consent, or Any contraindication listed in the local labelling of LMWH