context: It is probable that Greg is a frog. There is a very good chance that Bernhard is a rhino. It is probably the case that Bill went to the office. It is certain that if Bernhard is a rhino, or Bill went to the office, then Julius is a swan. We doubt that if Bernhard is a rhino, and Bill went to the office, then Mary put down the apple. It is highly likely that if either Bill went to the office, or Greg is a frog, then Brian is gray.
hypothesis: There is almost no chance that mary put down the apple, and Brian is gray.
valid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that mary put down the apple, and Brian is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: It is almost certain that mary put down the apple, and Brian is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Mary put down the apple, and Brian is gray.