context: It is certain that Bernhard is gray. It is unlikely that Lily is yellow. It is highly likely that Jessica is a cat. Chances are about even that if either Lily is yellow, or Jessica is a cat, then Brian is a swan. There is a very good chance that if Bernhard is gray, or Jessica is a cat, then Sandra left the football. We doubt that if Jessica is a cat, or Bernhard is gray, then Emily is a wolf.
hypothesis: It is certain that sandra left the football, or Bernhard is gray.
valid_hypothesis: It is certain that sandra left the football, or Bernhard is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: It is improbable that sandra left the football, or Bernhard is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Sandra left the football, or Bernhard is gray.