context: We believe that Mary dropped the milk. It is highly unlikely that Julius is a swan. It is certain that Lily is white. Chances are slight that if Mary dropped the milk, and Julius is a swan, then Bernhard is white. It is improbable that if either Lily is white, or Mary dropped the milk, then Emily is a wolf. There is little chance that if Julius is a swan, and Mary dropped the milk, then John went to the kitchen.
hypothesis: It is certain that either Lily is white, or John went to the kitchen.
valid_hypothesis: It is certain that either Lily is white, or John went to the kitchen.
invalid_hypothesis: Chances are slight that either Lily is white, or John went to the kitchen.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Lily is white, or John went to the kitchen.