context: We believe that John discarded the apple. We doubt that Julius is green. Chances are slight that Bernhard is a swan. It is probably the case that if Bernhard is a swan, and John discarded the apple, then Brian is yellow. We believe that if John discarded the apple, or Julius is green, then Greg is gray. It is improbable that if John discarded the apple, and Bernhard is a swan, then Mary put down the milk.
hypothesis: There is little chance that mary put down the milk, or Bernhard is a swan.
valid_hypothesis: There is little chance that mary put down the milk, or Bernhard is a swan.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that mary put down the milk, or Bernhard is a swan.
hypothesis_assertion: Mary put down the milk, or Bernhard is a swan.