context: We doubt that Emily is a wolf. We believe that Bernhard is gray. It is unlikely that Greg is a frog. It is probable that if Bernhard is gray, and Greg is a frog, then Lily is yellow. Chances are about even that if Greg is a frog, and Emily is a wolf, then Bill went to the bedroom. It is improbable that if either Emily is a wolf, or Greg is a frog, then Mary is in the garden.
hypothesis: It is highly likely that lily is yellow, and Bernhard is gray.
valid_hypothesis: It is improbable that lily is yellow, and Bernhard is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: It is highly likely that lily is yellow, and Bernhard is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Lily is yellow, and Bernhard is gray.