context: It is improbable that Sandra dropped the apple. It is highly likely that Brian is a lion. Chances are about even that John grabbed the milk. It is probably the case that if Sandra dropped the apple, or John grabbed the milk, then Lily is a rhino. There is little chance that if Brian is a lion, and John grabbed the milk, then Mary went to the hallway. There is a better than even chance that if Brian is a lion, and John grabbed the milk, then Bernhard is a swan.
hypothesis: It is probable that sandra dropped the apple, and John grabbed the milk.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that sandra dropped the apple, and John grabbed the milk.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probable that sandra dropped the apple, and John grabbed the milk.
hypothesis_assertion: Sandra dropped the apple, and John grabbed the milk.