context: It is certain that Lily is a frog. We believe that Bernhard is green. Chances are slight that John went to the hallway. There is little chance that if either John went to the hallway, or Lily is a frog, then Greg is gray. There is a better than even chance that if Bernhard is green, or John went to the hallway, then Mary is in the bedroom. It is probable that if John went to the hallway, and Bernhard is green, then Sandra left the milk.
hypothesis: It is certain that greg is gray, and Bernhard is green.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that greg is gray, and Bernhard is green.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that greg is gray, and Bernhard is green.
hypothesis_assertion: Greg is gray, and Bernhard is green.