context: There is a very good chance that Julius is a frog. Chances are slight that Lily is a lion. Chances are about even that Emily is a mouse. It is probably the case that if Julius is a frog, and Emily is a mouse, then Sandra left the apple. It is impossible that if Lily is a lion, and Julius is a frog, then John moved to the office. We believe that if Julius is a frog, and Emily is a mouse, then Bernhard is gray.
hypothesis: It is probably not the case that emily is a mouse, and Bernhard is gray.
valid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that emily is a mouse, and Bernhard is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that emily is a mouse, and Bernhard is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Emily is a mouse, and Bernhard is gray.