context: It is probably not the case that Brian is a lion. There is almost no chance that Julius is a swan. We believe that Bernhard is gray. It is impossible that if Brian is a lion, and Bernhard is gray, then Lily is a frog. There is a better than even chance that if either Bernhard is gray, or Brian is a lion, then Mary went to the kitchen. It is almost certain that if either Bernhard is gray, or Julius is a swan, then Fred left the football.
hypothesis: There is almost no chance that julius is a swan, and Bernhard is gray.
valid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that julius is a swan, and Bernhard is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: There is a very good chance that julius is a swan, and Bernhard is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Julius is a swan, and Bernhard is gray.