context: It is likely that Julius is a rhino. It is highly unlikely that John put down the milk. Chances are about even that Greg is a swan. We doubt that if Julius is a rhino, and John put down the milk, then Brian is gray. It is impossible that if Greg is a swan, or John put down the milk, then Daniel grabbed the apple. It is almost certain that if John put down the milk, or Greg is a swan, then Bernhard is a frog.
hypothesis: There is a very good chance that bernhard is a frog, and John put down the milk.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that bernhard is a frog, and John put down the milk.
invalid_hypothesis: There is a very good chance that bernhard is a frog, and John put down the milk.
hypothesis_assertion: Bernhard is a frog, and John put down the milk.