context: We doubt that Bernhard is a swan. It is highly likely that Jeff went to the kitchen. Chances are about even that Lily is white. It is probable that if Lily is white, or Jeff went to the kitchen, then Greg is a frog. It is probable that if either Jeff went to the kitchen, or Lily is white, then Julius is a rhino. There is a very good chance that if Bernhard is a swan, or Lily is white, then John put down the apple.
hypothesis: It is certain that either John put down the apple, or Lily is white.
valid_hypothesis: It is unlikely that either John put down the apple, or Lily is white.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that either John put down the apple, or Lily is white.
hypothesis_assertion: Either John put down the apple, or Lily is white.