context: It is improbable that Julius is yellow. We believe that Greg is a frog. There is little chance that John dropped the apple. It is unlikely that if Julius is yellow, or Greg is a frog, then Lily is a lion. We doubt that if either Greg is a frog, or Julius is yellow, then Bernhard is white. We doubt that if John dropped the apple, and Julius is yellow, then Gertrude is a mouse.
hypothesis: It is certain that bernhard is white, or Julius is yellow.
valid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that bernhard is white, or Julius is yellow.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that bernhard is white, or Julius is yellow.
hypothesis_assertion: Bernhard is white, or Julius is yellow.