context: Chances are about even that Greg is white. Chances are about even that Sandra got the football. There is little chance that Bernhard is gray. It is highly likely that if Sandra got the football, and Bernhard is gray, then John discarded the apple. There is a very good chance that if Greg is white, or Sandra got the football, then Mary went to the park. It is certain that if Bernhard is gray, and Greg is white, then Julius is yellow.
hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that julius is yellow, or John discarded the apple.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that julius is yellow, or John discarded the apple.
invalid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that julius is yellow, or John discarded the apple.
hypothesis_assertion: Julius is yellow, or John discarded the apple.