context: It is almost certain that Gertrude is a cat. It is certain that Bernhard is yellow. Chances are slight that John discarded the apple. It is unlikely that if Gertrude is a cat, or Bernhard is yellow, then Daniel grabbed the milk. It is impossible that if Bernhard is yellow, or John discarded the apple, then Julius is gray. It is likely that if John discarded the apple, and Bernhard is yellow, then Mary went to the hallway.
hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that either Mary went to the hallway, or Julius is gray.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that either Mary went to the hallway, or Julius is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that either Mary went to the hallway, or Julius is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Mary went to the hallway, or Julius is gray.