context: We doubt that Jeff dropped the apple. It is probable that Julius is a rhino. It is improbable that Bernhard is a lion. It is unlikely that if either Julius is a rhino, or Bernhard is a lion, then Lily is gray. It is highly unlikely that if either Julius is a rhino, or Jeff dropped the apple, then Gertrude is a sheep. Chances are slight that if Bernhard is a lion, and Jeff dropped the apple, then John went to the office.
hypothesis: It is certain that gertrude is a sheep, and Jeff dropped the apple.
valid_hypothesis: It is impossible that gertrude is a sheep, and Jeff dropped the apple.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that gertrude is a sheep, and Jeff dropped the apple.
hypothesis_assertion: Gertrude is a sheep, and Jeff dropped the apple.