context: There is a very good chance that Sandra got the apple. It is almost certain that Greg is yellow. It is highly likely that Julius is a frog. It is improbable that if Julius is a frog, or Greg is yellow, then Jessica is a mouse. There is almost no chance that if Sandra got the apple, and Greg is yellow, then John moved to the garden. There is a better than even chance that if Greg is yellow, and Julius is a frog, then Brian is gray.
hypothesis: It is certain that sandra got the apple, and Brian is gray.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that sandra got the apple, and Brian is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that sandra got the apple, and Brian is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Sandra got the apple, and Brian is gray.