context: It is likely that John took the apple. We doubt that Jessica is a mouse. It is certain that Bernhard is green. Chances are about even that if either John took the apple, or Bernhard is green, then Greg is yellow. It is unlikely that if Bernhard is green, or Jessica is a mouse, then Julius is a frog. It is probably the case that if Bernhard is green, and Jessica is a mouse, then Sandra got the football.
hypothesis: It is impossible that john took the apple, and Greg is yellow.
valid_hypothesis: It is impossible that john took the apple, and Greg is yellow.
invalid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that john took the apple, and Greg is yellow.
hypothesis_assertion: John took the apple, and Greg is yellow.