context: It is probably the case that Brian is a frog. There is almost no chance that Mary went to the kitchen. It is impossible that Emily is a cat. It is probably not the case that if Emily is a cat, and Brian is a frog, then Gertrude is a wolf. There is a better than even chance that if Emily is a cat, and Mary went to the kitchen, then John moved to the office. It is probably not the case that if either Brian is a frog, or Mary went to the kitchen, then Julius is gray.
hypothesis: It is probably the case that brian is a frog, and Julius is gray.
valid_hypothesis: We doubt that brian is a frog, and Julius is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probably the case that brian is a frog, and Julius is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Brian is a frog, and Julius is gray.