context: There is a very good chance that Gertrude is a wolf. Chances are about even that Mary went to the office. It is highly unlikely that Bernhard is white. There is a better than even chance that if Bernhard is white, and Gertrude is a wolf, then John dropped the apple. Chances are about even that if Mary went to the office, and Gertrude is a wolf, then Brian is a lion. It is impossible that if Gertrude is a wolf, or Bernhard is white, then Lily is gray.
hypothesis: We believe that either Lily is gray, or John dropped the apple.
valid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that either Lily is gray, or John dropped the apple.
invalid_hypothesis: We believe that either Lily is gray, or John dropped the apple.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Lily is gray, or John dropped the apple.