context: Chances are slight that Sandra took the football. There is a very good chance that John put down the milk. There is almost no chance that Gertrude is a wolf. There is a better than even chance that if either John put down the milk, or Sandra took the football, then Julius is green. There is little chance that if Sandra took the football, and Gertrude is a wolf, then Brian is gray. It is probably not the case that if John put down the milk, and Sandra took the football, then Bernhard is a lion.
hypothesis: It is certain that either Julius is green, or Sandra took the football.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that either Julius is green, or Sandra took the football.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that either Julius is green, or Sandra took the football.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Julius is green, or Sandra took the football.