context: It is probable that Sandra left the apple. Chances are about even that Greg is yellow. We believe that Julius is a rhino. It is probable that if Greg is yellow, and Sandra left the apple, then Mary put down the milk. It is improbable that if Julius is a rhino, and Greg is yellow, then Bernhard is white. Chances are slight that if either Sandra left the apple, or Julius is a rhino, then Gertrude is a mouse.
hypothesis: There is a very good chance that sandra left the apple, and Mary put down the milk.
valid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that sandra left the apple, and Mary put down the milk.
invalid_hypothesis: There is a very good chance that sandra left the apple, and Mary put down the milk.
hypothesis_assertion: Sandra left the apple, and Mary put down the milk.