context: It is probably not the case that John discarded the milk. It is probable that Lily is a lion. There is a very good chance that Bernhard is a swan.
hypothesis: It is unlikely that 'Bernhard is a swan and John discarded the milk'.
valid_hypothesis: It is unlikely that 'Bernhard is a swan and John discarded the milk'.
invalid_hypothesis: We believe that 'Bernhard is a swan and John discarded the milk'.
problog: 
    and(A,B) :- A,B.
    or(A,B) :- A;B.
    nand(A,B) :- not(and(A,B)).
    nor(A,B) :- not(or(A,B)).
    xor(A,B) :- or(A,B), nand(A,B).
  
    %hop0
    0.25::factA.
    0.7::factB.
    0.8::factC.
    
  
    %hop2
    conclusion:-and(factC,factA).
  
    query(conclusion).
    
hypothesis_assertion: 'Bernhard is a swan and John discarded the milk'.