context: It is highly unlikely that Daniel put down the milk. There is little chance that Bernhard is a swan. It is certain that John discarded the apple.
hypothesis: It is certain that 'John discarded the apple and Bernhard is a swan'.
valid_hypothesis: There is little chance that 'John discarded the apple and Bernhard is a swan'.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that 'John discarded the apple and Bernhard is a swan'.
problog: 
    and(A,B) :- A,B.
    or(A,B) :- A;B.
    nand(A,B) :- not(and(A,B)).
    nor(A,B) :- not(or(A,B)).
    xor(A,B) :- or(A,B), nand(A,B).
  
    %hop0
    0.05::factA.
    0.1::factB.
    1.0::factC.
    
  
    %hop2
    conclusion:-and(factC,factB).
  
    query(conclusion).
    
hypothesis_assertion: 'John discarded the apple and Bernhard is a swan'.