context: Chances are about even that Emily is a mouse. It is probably the case that Greg is a rhino. Chances are about even that Bernhard is white. It is almost certain that if 'Bernhard is white and Emily is a mouse' then John got the milk. It is highly unlikely that if 'Greg is a rhino and Emily is a mouse' then Mary went to the bedroom. It is probably the case that if 'Greg is a rhino' or 'Bernhard is white' or both then Sandra took the apple.
hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that 'Emily is a mouse and Mary went to the bedroom'.
valid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that 'Emily is a mouse and Mary went to the bedroom'.
invalid_hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that 'Emily is a mouse and Mary went to the bedroom'.
problog: 
    and(A,B) :- A,B.
    or(A,B) :- A;B.
    nand(A,B) :- not(and(A,B)).
    nor(A,B) :- not(or(A,B)).
    xor(A,B) :- or(A,B), nand(A,B).
  
    %hop0
    0.5::factA.
    0.7::factB.
    0.5::factC.
    %hop1
    0.95::factX:-and(factC,factA).
    0.05::factY:-and(factB,factA).
    0.7::factZ:-or(factB,factC).
  
    %hop2
    conclusion:-and(factA,factY).
  
    query(conclusion).
    
hypothesis_assertion: 'Emily is a mouse and Mary went to the bedroom'.