context: It is probably the case that Winona is a mouse. There is a better than even chance that Bernhard is green. We believe that Mary got the apple. We believe that if 'Mary got the apple and Bernhard is green' then Lily is a frog. There is a very good chance that if either 'Mary got the apple' or 'Winona is a mouse' but not both then Julius is a rhino. It is highly unlikely that if 'Mary got the apple' or 'Bernhard is green' or both then Brian is a swan.
hypothesis: There is almost no chance that 'Mary got the apple' or 'Julius is a rhino' or both.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly likely that 'Mary got the apple' or 'Julius is a rhino' or both.
invalid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that 'Mary got the apple' or 'Julius is a rhino' or both.
problog: 
    and(A,B) :- A,B.
    or(A,B) :- A;B.
    nand(A,B) :- not(and(A,B)).
    nor(A,B) :- not(or(A,B)).
    xor(A,B) :- or(A,B), nand(A,B).
  
    %hop0
    0.7::factA.
    0.6::factB.
    0.75::factC.
    %hop1
    0.75::factX:-and(factC,factB).
    0.8::factY:-xor(factC,factA).
    0.05::factZ:-or(factC,factB).
  
    %hop2
    conclusion:-or(factC,factY).
  
    query(conclusion).
    
hypothesis_assertion: 'Mary got the apple' or 'Julius is a rhino' or both.