---
tags:
- earth-observation
- remote-sensing
- benchmark
- foundation-model
pretty_name: Copernicus-Bench
---

# Dataset Card for Copernicus-Bench

<!-- Provide a quick summary of the dataset. -->

A hierarchical ML benchmark for Copernicus Sentinels, with 15 datasets spread into three task levels covering all major Sentinel missions (S1,2,3,5P).

*(Officially named "Copernicus-Bench", initially named "SentinelBench")*

## Dataset Details

### Dataset Description

<!-- Provide a longer summary of what this dataset is. -->

| Level | Name           | Modality | Task                                | # Images        | Image Size         | # Classes | Source                                                                               | License             |
|-------|----------------|----------|-------------------------------------|-----------------|--------------------|-----------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------|
| L1    | Cloud-S2       | S2 TOA   | segmentation (cloud)                | 1699/567/551    | 512x512x13         | 4         | [CloudSEN12](https://huggingface.co/datasets/tacofoundation/cloudsen12)              | CC 0 1.0            |
| L1    | Cloud-S3       | S3 OLCI  | segmentation (cloud)                | 1197/399/399    | 256x256x21         | 5         | new                                                                                  | CC BY 4.0           |
| L2    | EuroSAT-S1     | S1 GRD   | classification (LULC)               | 16200/5400/5400 | 64x64x2            | 10        | [EuroSAT-SAR](https://huggingface.co/datasets/wangyi111/EuroSAT-SAR)                 | CC BY 4.0           |
| L2    | EuroSAT-S2     | S2 TOA   | classification (LULC)               | 16200/5400/5400 | 64x64x13           | 10        | [EuroSAT](https://github.com/phelber/EuroSAT)                                        | MIT                 |
| L2    | BigEarthNet-S1 | S1 GRD   | classification (LULC)               | 11894/6117/5991 | 120x120x12         | 19        | [BigEarthNet v2.0](https://bigearth.net/)                                            | CDLA-Permissive-1.0 |
| L2    | BigEarthNet-S2 | S2 SR    | classification (LULC)               | 11894/6117/5991 | 120x120x12         | 19        | [BigEarthNet v2.0](https://bigearth.net/)                                            | CDLA-Permissive-1.0 |
| L2    | LC100Cls-S3    | S3 OLCI  | classification (LULC)               | 5181/1727/1727* | 96x96x21           | 23        | new                                                                                  | CC BY 4.0           |
| L2    | DFC2020-S1     | S1 GRD   | segmentation (LULC)                 | 3156/986/986    | 256x256x13         | 10        | [DFC2020](https://ieee-dataport.org/competitions/2020-ieee-grss-data-fusion-contest) | CC BY 4.0           |
| L2    | DFC2020-S2     | S2 TOA   | segmentation (LULC)                 | 3156/986/986    | 256x256x13         | 10        | [DFC2020](https://ieee-dataport.org/competitions/2020-ieee-grss-data-fusion-contest) | CC BY 4.0           |
| L2    | LC100Seg-S3    | S3 OLCI  | segmentation (LULC)                 | 5181/1727/1727* | 96x96x21 (288x288) | 23        | new                                                                                  | CC BY 4.0           |
| L3    | Flood-S1       | S1 GRD   | change detection (flood)            | 3000/1000/1000  | 224x224x2          | 3         | [Kuro Siwo](https://github.com/Orion-AI-Lab/KuroSiwo)                                | MIT                 |
| L3    | LCZ-S2         | S2 TOA   | classification (local climate zone) | 15000/5000/5000 | 32x32x10           | 17        | [So2Sat LCZ42](https://github.com/zhu-xlab/So2Sat-LCZ42)                             | CC BY 4.0           |
| L3    | Biomass-S3     | S3 OLCI  | regression (biomass)                | 3000/1000/1000* | 96x96x21 (288x288) | 1         | new                                                                                  | CC BY 4.0           |
| L3    | AQ-NO2-S5P     | S5P NO2  | regression (air quality)            | 1480/493/494*   | 56x56x1            | 1         | new                                                                                  | CC BY 4.0           |
| L3    | AQ-O3-S5P      | S5P O3   | regression (air quality)            | 1480/493/494*   | 56x56x1            | 1         | new                                                                                  | CC BY 4.0           |

L1: preprocessing, L2: base applications, L3: specialized applications. *: time series available.


- **Curated by:** Wang, Yi, et al.
- **Funded by:** ThinkingEarth (Horizon Europe 101130544)
- **License:** See individual datasets

### Dataset Sources

<!-- Provide the basic links for the dataset. -->

- **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed]

## Citation

[More Information Needed]