Datasets:

yunyu

/

wiki40b_en_100_0_split

like 0

{"datasets_id": 162150, "wiki_id": "Q1153614", "sp": 20, "sc": 429, "ep": 24, "ec": 177}

Q1153614

Mere-exposure effect

Bornstein (1989) & Zola–Morgan (2001)

more after they have heard it a few times, but many repetitions can reduce this preference. A delay between exposure and the measurement of liking actually tends to increase the strength of the effect. The effect is weaker on children, and for drawings and paintings as compared to other types of stimuli. One social psychology experiment showed that exposure to people we initially dislike makes us dislike them even more. Zola–Morgan (2001) In support of Zajonc's claim that affect does not need cognition to occur, Zola–Morgan conducted experiments on monkeys with lesions to the amygdala (the brain structure that is

{"datasets_id": 162150, "wiki_id": "Q1153614", "sp": 24, "sc": 177, "ep": 32, "ec": 31}

Q1153614

Mere-exposure effect

Zola–Morgan (2001) & Perceptual fluency & Advertising

responsive to affective stimuli). In his experiments, Zola–Morgan proved that lesions to the amygdala impair affective functioning, but not cognitive processes. However, lesions in the hippocampus (the brain structure responsible for memory) impair cognitive functions but leave emotional responses fully functional. Perceptual fluency The mere-exposure effect posits that repeated exposure to a stimulus increases perceptual fluency, the ease with which a stimulus can be processed. Perceptual fluency, in turn, increases positive affect. Studies showed that repeated exposure increases perceptual fluency, confirming positive affect in autobiographical memory and perceptual learning. Also supported in later studies. Advertising The most obvious application of

{"datasets_id": 162150, "wiki_id": "Q1153614", "sp": 32, "sc": 31, "ep": 32, "ec": 674}

Q1153614

Mere-exposure effect

Advertising

the mere-exposure effect is in advertising, but research on its effectiveness at enhancing consumer attitudes toward particular companies and products has been mixed. One study tested the mere-exposure effect with banner ads on a computer screen. College-age students were asked to read an article on the computer while banner ads flashed at the top of the screen. The results showed that each group exposed to the "test" banner rated the ad more favorably than other ads shown less frequently or not at all. This research supports the mere-exposure effect. A different study showed that higher levels of media exposure are associated

{"datasets_id": 162150, "wiki_id": "Q1153614", "sp": 32, "sc": 674, "ep": 32, "ec": 1294}

Q1153614

Mere-exposure effect

Advertising

with lower reputations for companies, even when the exposure is mostly positive. A subsequent review of the research concluded that exposure leads to ambivalence because it brings about a large number of associations, which tend to be both favorable and unfavorable. Exposure is most likely to be helpful when a company or product is new and unfamiliar to consumers. An 'optimal' level of exposure to an advertisement may not exist. In a third study, experimenters primed consumers with affective motives. One group of thirsty consumers was primed with a happy face before being offered a beverage, while a second group

{"datasets_id": 162150, "wiki_id": "Q1153614", "sp": 32, "sc": 1294, "ep": 32, "ec": 1968}

Q1153614

Mere-exposure effect

Advertising

was primed with an unpleasant face. The group primed with the happy face bought more beverages, and was also willing to pay more for the beverage than their unhappy counterparts. This study bolsters Zajonc's claim that choices are not in need of cognition. Buyers often choose what they 'like' instead of what they have substantially cognized. In the advertising world, the mere-exposure effect suggests that consumers need not cognize advertisements: simple repetition is enough to make a 'memory trace' in the consumer's mind and unconsciously affect their consuming behavior. One scholar explains this relationship as follows: "The approach tendencies created by

{"datasets_id": 162150, "wiki_id": "Q1153614", "sp": 32, "sc": 1968, "ep": 36, "ec": 506}

Q1153614

Mere-exposure effect

Advertising & Other areas

mere exposure may be preattitudinal in the sense that they do not require the type of deliberate processing that is required to form brand attitude." Other areas The mere-exposure effect exists in most areas of human decision-making. For example, many stock traders tend to invest in securities of domestic companies merely because they are more familiar with them, even though international markets offer similar or better alternatives. The mere-exposure effect also distorts the results of journal-ranking surveys; academics who previously published or completed reviews for a particular academic journal rate it dramatically higher than those who did not. There are

{"datasets_id": 162150, "wiki_id": "Q1153614", "sp": 36, "sc": 506, "ep": 36, "ec": 902}

Q1153614

Mere-exposure effect

Other areas

mixed results on the question of whether mere exposure can promote good relations between different social groups. When groups already have negative attitudes to each other, further exposure can increase hostility. A statistical analysis of voting patterns found that a candidate's exposure has a strong effect on the number of votes they receive, distinct from the popularity of their policies.

{"datasets_id": 162151, "wiki_id": "Q6820967", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 142}

Q6820967

Meryce Mussa Emmanuel

Meryce Mussa Emmanuel Meryce Mussa Emmanuel is a former Member of Parliament in the National Assembly of Tanzania, elected in 2005 for the Civic United Front party.

{"datasets_id": 162152, "wiki_id": "Q466575", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 226}

Q466575

Middle-square method

In Mathematics

Middle-square method In mathematics, the middle-square method is a method of generating pseudorandom numbers. In practice it is not a good method, since its period is usually very short and it has some severe weaknesses; repeated enough times, the middle-square method will either begin repeatedly generating the same number or cycle to a previous number in the sequence and loop indefinitely. In Mathematics The method was invented by John von Neumann, and was described at a conference in 1949. In the 1949 talk, Von Neumann quipped that, "Any one who considers arithmetical methods of producing random digits is, of course,

{"datasets_id": 162152, "wiki_id": "Q466575", "sp": 8, "sc": 226, "ep": 8, "ec": 869}

Q466575

Middle-square method

In Mathematics

in a state of sin." What he meant, he elaborated, was that there were no true "random numbers", just means to produce them, and "a strict arithmetic procedure", like the middle-square method, "is not such a method." Nevertheless he found these methods hundreds of times faster than reading "truly" random numbers off punch cards, which had practical importance for his ENIAC work. He found the "destruction" of middle-square sequences to be a factor in their favor, because it could be easily detected: "one always fears the appearance of undetected short cycles." Nicholas Metropolis reported sequences of 750,000 digits before "destruction"

{"datasets_id": 162152, "wiki_id": "Q466575", "sp": 8, "sc": 869, "ep": 16, "ec": 183}

Q466575

Middle-square method

In Mathematics & First Invention Theory & The Method

by means of using 38-bit numbers with the "middle-square" method. First Invention Theory The book The Broken Dice by Ivar Ekeland gives an extended account of how the method was invented by a Franciscan friar known only as Brother Edvin sometime between 1240 and 1250. Supposedly, the manuscript is now lost, but Jorge Luis Borges sent Ekeland a copy that he made at the Vatican Library. The Method To generate a sequence of n-digit pseudorandom numbers, an n-digit starting value is created and squared, producing a 2n-digit number. If the result has fewer than 2n digits, leading

{"datasets_id": 162152, "wiki_id": "Q466575", "sp": 16, "sc": 183, "ep": 16, "ec": 717}

Q466575

Middle-square method

The Method

zeroes are added to compensate. The middle n digits of the result would be the next number in the sequence, and returned as the result. This process is then repeated to generate more numbers. The value of n must be even in order for the method to work-- if the value of n is odd then there will not necessarily be a uniquely defined 'middle n-digits' to select from. Consider the following: If a 3-digit number is squared it can yield a 6 digit number (eg: 540² = 291600). If there were to be a middle three digit that would

{"datasets_id": 162152, "wiki_id": "Q466575", "sp": 16, "sc": 717, "ep": 16, "ec": 1246}

Q466575

Middle-square method

The Method

leave 6 - 3 = 3 digits to be distributed to the left and right of the middle. It is impossible to evenly distribute these digits equally on both sides of the middle number and therefore there are no 'middle digits.' It is acceptable to pad the seeds with zeros to the left in order to create an even valued n-digit (eg: 540 → 0540). For a generator of n-digit numbers, the period can be no longer than 8ⁿ. If the middle n digits are all zeroes, the generator then outputs zeroes forever. If the first half of a number in

{"datasets_id": 162152, "wiki_id": "Q466575", "sp": 16, "sc": 1246, "ep": 16, "ec": 1778}

Q466575

Middle-square method

The Method

the sequence is zeroes, the subsequent numbers will be decreasing to zero. While these runs of zero are easy to detect, they occur too frequently for this method to be of practical use. The middle-squared method can also get stuck on a number other than zero. For n = 4, this occurs with the values 0100, 2500, 3792, and 7600. Other seed values form very short repeating cycles, e.g., 0540 → 2916 → 5030 → 3009. These phenomena are even more obvious when n = 2, as none of the 100 possible seeds generates more than 14 iterations

{"datasets_id": 162152, "wiki_id": "Q466575", "sp": 16, "sc": 1778, "ep": 22, "ec": 32}

Q466575

Middle-square method

The Method & Example Implementation & Middle Square Weyl Sequence PRNG

without reverting to 0, 10, 50, 60, or a 24 ↔ 57 loop. Example Implementation Here, the algorithm is rendered in Python 3. seed_number = int(input("Please enter a four digit number:\n[####] "))number = seed_numberalready_seen = set()counter = 0while number not in already_seen: counter += 1 already_seen.add(number) number = int(str(number * number).zfill(8)[2:6]) # zfill adds padding of zeroes print(f"#{counter}: {number}")print(f"We began with {seed_number}, and" f" have repeated ourselves after {counter} steps" f" with {number}.") Middle Square Weyl Sequence PRNG

{"datasets_id": 162152, "wiki_id": "Q466575", "sp": 24, "sc": 0, "ep": 24, "ec": 589}

Q466575

Middle-square method

Middle Square Weyl Sequence PRNG

The defects associated with the original middle-square generator can be rectified by running the middle square with a Weyl sequence. The Weyl sequence prevents convergence to zero. The Weyl sequence also prevents the repeating cycle problem described above. A C implementation is shown below. #include <stdint.h>uint64_t x = 0, w = 0, s = 0xb5ad4eceda1ce2a9;inline static uint32_t msws() { x *= x; x += (w += s); return x = (x>>32) | (x<<32);} The Weyl sequence (w += s) is added to the square of x. The middle is extracted by

{"datasets_id": 162152, "wiki_id": "Q466575", "sp": 24, "sc": 589, "ep": 24, "ec": 787}

Q466575

Middle-square method

Middle Square Weyl Sequence PRNG

shifting right 32 bits. This generator passes BigCrush. and PractRand. This may be the world's fastest PRNG for producing 32-bit floating-point numbers. A free software package is available here.

{"datasets_id": 162153, "wiki_id": "Q5676549", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 381}

Q5676549

Milton Casco

International career

Milton Casco International career On 27 May, uncapped Casco was selected by coach Gerardo Martino for the 2015 Copa América in Chile. He made his debut in a preparation friendly on 7 June at the Estadio San Juan del Bicentenario, filling in for Facundo Roncaglia for the final 29 minutes of a 5–0 win over Bolivia; however, he did not feature in the tournament, in which his country lost to the hosts in the final.

{"datasets_id": 162154, "wiki_id": "Q27890329", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 509}

Q27890329

Mister Come Tomorrow

Synopsis

Mister Come Tomorrow Synopsis . Imtiaz divorced his wife in anger but he realizes his mistake soon and wants his wife back, he can only get her back by marrying her to someone until her new husband consummate the marriage (as per the Halala law ) first. So he sacrifices her for and arranges her marriage to someone else .But very next day of Nikha (Marriage) when Imtiaz went back to get her wife back .Her new husband is not ready to divorce her as he want to enjoy the benefits of this marriage .Now he is fooling Imtiaz that he

{"datasets_id": 162154, "wiki_id": "Q27890329", "sp": 6, "sc": 509, "ep": 6, "ec": 624}

Q27890329

Mister Come Tomorrow

Synopsis

haven't consummate the marriage still he can not take her wife back .Imtiaz struggles daily to get her wife back .

{"datasets_id": 162155, "wiki_id": "Q2920467", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 558}

Q2920467

Molson Cup

Molson Cup The Molson Cup is an award presented to a distinguished player on Canadian ice hockey teams. After each game, the "three game stars" are selected, usually by a member of the media. At the end of the season, the player with the most three-star honours is presented with the Molson Cup. Most teams also donate money to charity in the name of the winner of each monthly segment winner during the season. The Molson Cup is not an official National Hockey League (NHL) award, but the Canadian NHL franchises have presented the award to its players. It is

{"datasets_id": 162155, "wiki_id": "Q2920467", "sp": 4, "sc": 558, "ep": 4, "ec": 957}

Q2920467

Molson Cup

also bestowed by some minor professional and Canadian Hockey League clubs as well. The Quebec Major Junior Hockey League's Rookie of the Year Award was previously known as the Molson Cup. The Molson Cup is sponsored by Molson Breweries; many hockey clubs with another brewery sponsor present a similar award with a name related to the sponsor. The Quebec Nordiques awarded an "O'Keefe Cup."

{"datasets_id": 162156, "wiki_id": "Q6918871", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 535}

Q6918871

Mouchette.org

Suicide, death, and violence

Mouchette.org Suicide, death, and violence Just like the film Mouchette, one of the many themes running throughout Mouchette.org is the idea of death. The recurring image of a fly is present on many of the pages. The word "mouchette" translates into English as "little fly". The comparable lives between the Mouchettes – the fly and the girl – are intersected when it revolves around the death of the fly. On one page, Mouchette refers to herself as the fly and blames the web visitor for killing her when he/she pressed a button on the previous webpage. On another page, somber

{"datasets_id": 162156, "wiki_id": "Q6918871", "sp": 6, "sc": 535, "ep": 6, "ec": 1085}

Q6918871

Mouchette.org

Suicide, death, and violence

music plays as the phrase "Lullaby for a dead fly" is shown on the screen. As stated in Internet Art, "in early iterations of the site, the virtual persona Mouchette was obsessed with suicide". One page asks the viewer on what they think the best way to kill yourself when you’re under 13. On a page entitled m.org.ue, an image of feet is shown, with one foot wearing a toe tag, while ghostly music plays. When a link called "meet my parent" is clicked, it directs to a page that has scanned images of meat, with the words "Papa" and "Maman"

{"datasets_id": 162156, "wiki_id": "Q6918871", "sp": 6, "sc": 1085, "ep": 10, "ec": 418}

Q6918871

Mouchette.org

Suicide, death, and violence & Sex

carved in it. On another page, an image of a cat violently shakes on the screen while sounds of screaming are playing; the viewer is asked to kill this cat. Sex "Sexually suggestive" themes are present throughout the site. One the opening page of the section named "***digital flesh&blood***" the background image is of a close up of a young girl’s face, sticking out her tongue. The text accompanying this image reads: "Want to know what my tongue tastes like? Try it on your screen and tell me." Another page, titled "touché", has a completely black background, with tiny white

{"datasets_id": 162156, "wiki_id": "Q6918871", "sp": 10, "sc": 418, "ep": 14, "ec": 284}

Q6918871

Mouchette.org

Sex & Manipulating identity

words scattered in different sections of the page. As the pointer scrolls over specific points on the page, sounds of a woman gasping are activated. Many pages of this website have interactive web forms that include multiple-choice questions asking your email address. Days or weeks later the viewer might get unexpected flirtatious email messages from Mouchette. Manipulating identity Participants are given the opportunity to "become Mouchette", when they become a member of the "Mouchette Network". Members can "create true Mouchette webpages" and are given "a unique opportunity to become a great artist." The interactive questionnaires often will ask you to

{"datasets_id": 162156, "wiki_id": "Q6918871", "sp": 14, "sc": 284, "ep": 14, "ec": 911}

Q6918871

Mouchette.org

Manipulating identity

post your name and email address if you answer one of the questions. But the anonymity of the creator and the unsettling topics makes a participant wonder how seriously he/she should answer the questions, including question about their name and identity. Days/weeks later, participants will get a random email from Mouchette. This will often be unsettling because it's random and unexpected, leaving the participant to question their identity/decision to input personal information of the website. The website's exploration of manipulating identity has been compared to conceptual photographer, Cindy Sherman.

{"datasets_id": 162157, "wiki_id": "Q3321794", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 174}

Q3321794

Mount Celestia

Publication history

Mount Celestia In Dungeons & Dragons, the fantasy role-playing game, Mount Celestia or more fully, the Seven Mounting Heavens of Celestia, or even the Seven Heavens is a lawful good-aligned plane of existence. It is one of a number of alignment-based Outer Planes that form part of the standard Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) cosmology, used in the Planescape, Greyhawk and some editions of the Forgotten Realms campaign settings. Publication history The plane known as the Seven Heavens was mentioned for the first time by name in the article "Planes: The Concepts of Spatial, Temporal and Physical Relationships in D&D", in

{"datasets_id": 162157, "wiki_id": "Q3321794", "sp": 8, "sc": 174, "ep": 12, "ec": 229}

Q3321794

Mount Celestia

Publication history & Description

The Dragon #8, released July 1977. In the article Gary Gygax describes the plane as one of the "Typical higher planes". The plane was mentioned again in an appendix of the known planes of existence in the original (1st edition) AD&D Players Handbook, published in June 1978, where it was described as "The Seven Heavens of absolute lawful good". Description Celestia is the ultimate in law and good. All aspects of Celestia are beautiful and perfect; it is where the souls of many creatures of lawful good alignment go to after death. It is home to numerous celestial creatures including

{"datasets_id": 162157, "wiki_id": "Q3321794", "sp": 12, "sc": 229, "ep": 16, "ec": 607}

Q3321794

Mount Celestia

Description & Structure

various types of archons, the petitioners of this plane. Structure As an outer plane, Celestia is spatially infinite, further consisting of seven infinite layers (or sub-planes). The seven individual layers form a colossal (perhaps infinite) mountain that rises from an infinite sea of holy water on the bottommost layer, to the summit on the topmost layer. Ascending the mountain is analogous to travelling through subsequently higher or 'deeper' layers to the top. Each of the different layers consists of various beautiful mountainous environments becoming more breathtaking the higher the mountain is ascended. Celestia's first (bottommost) layer shares borders with the

{"datasets_id": 162157, "wiki_id": "Q3321794", "sp": 16, "sc": 607, "ep": 20, "ec": 443}

Q3321794

Mount Celestia

Structure & Inhabitants

neighbouring planes of the Peaceable Kingdoms of Arcadia and the Twin Paradises of Bytopia; travel is possible between Celestia and these planes at certain locations. Inhabitants While Mount Celestia is home to all manner of goodly and lawful beings including solars, archons, dragons, phoenix, asuras and hollyphants, as well as the souls of the good petitioners of the planes, its native inhabitants are the varied race of archons. The archons and all of Celestia are ruled over by the members of the Celestial Hebdomad; the ruling council of heaven. The Hebdomad deal with all matters relating to their plane, including

{"datasets_id": 162157, "wiki_id": "Q3321794", "sp": 20, "sc": 443, "ep": 28, "ec": 189}

Q3321794

Mount Celestia

Inhabitants & Layers & Lunia

dealing with the archons below, the souls of petitioners, goodly and lawful inhabitants of other planes and the defense of the weak and good and all of Celestia itself. The Hebdomad is ruled over by Zaphkiel from the illuminated plane of Chronias, the only remaining member of the seven original martyrs whose souls created the Hebdomad eons ago. Layers Celestia consists of seven layers: Lunia The lowest and first layer of Celestia is Lunia, also referred to as The Silver Heaven, due to its vast dark Silver Sea of holy water and beautiful shining cities of white stone. The Silver

{"datasets_id": 162157, "wiki_id": "Q3321794", "sp": 28, "sc": 189, "ep": 28, "ec": 816}

Q3321794

Mount Celestia

Lunia

Sea itself is pure freshwater, not salt, filled with many aquatic life forms. Numerous portals to other planes connect near to the shores, the masses of holy water acting as an effective deterrent to evil outsiders. The sky above Lunia is perpetually dark, filled with beautiful constellations of silver stars bright enough to illuminate the base of the mountain. Innocence is the theme here. Lunia is the location of a number of godly realms, including Tyr's secondary realm of The Court, Brihaspati's realm of Nectar of Life, and the Shichifukujin's realm of The Eight Happinesses. Trishina can be found wandering on

{"datasets_id": 162157, "wiki_id": "Q3321794", "sp": 28, "sc": 816, "ep": 32, "ec": 274}

Q3321794

Mount Celestia

Lunia & Mercuria

Lunia when not with her consort, Deep Sashelas. Lunia is ruled over by the archon Barachiel, the patron of trumpet archons, whose Citadel of Stars sits on the shores of the Silver Sea. Barachiel is charged with defending Celestia from incursion, a task which, even on this lowest and most accessible layer, he rarely has to act upon. Mercuria The second layer, called Mercuria is also known as The Golden Heaven, so called because a mysterious golden light permeates everything within it. Gentle hills and lush green valleys comprise this layer, dotted with small settlements of archons and other good-aligned beings.

{"datasets_id": 162157, "wiki_id": "Q3321794", "sp": 32, "sc": 274, "ep": 32, "ec": 893}

Q3321794

Mount Celestia

Mercuria

Mercuria is known for its great tombs and monuments to noble fighters and paladins who now rest on this layer. These warriors are honoured during an annual Day of Memory. The palace of the good dragon deity Bahamut moves about the first four layers of Celestia. It is made entirely from Bahamut's enormous treasure hoard, with walls made of mithral and windows composed of huge gemstones. Inside, seven great wyrms closely guard the huge hoard of amassed treasure. Mercuria is the location of a number of godly realms, including the god Rao's realm of Sweet Reason, Torm's realm of Trueheart, Surya and

{"datasets_id": 162157, "wiki_id": "Q3321794", "sp": 32, "sc": 893, "ep": 36, "ec": 337}

Q3321794

Mount Celestia

Mercuria & Venya

Mitra's realm of Goldfire, Vishnu's realm of The Divine Lotus, and Amaterasu's realm of Radiant Light. Mercuria is ruled over by the sword-wielding Domiel from the Golden Spire of Aurilon, a 400-foot-tall (120 m) golden tower in the midst of a valley fed by four rivers. Venya Venya, the third layer, is also known as The Pearly Heaven. This layer is somewhat colder than the previous two and its slopes are often seen covered with a gentle layer of snow. Peaceful brooks and carefully terraced fields are common on Venya. The Green Hills, a separate plane in the 3rd-Edition Forgotten Realms cosmology, is

{"datasets_id": 162157, "wiki_id": "Q3321794", "sp": 36, "sc": 337, "ep": 36, "ec": 962}

Q3321794

Mount Celestia

Venya

located on Venya. It is a place of safety for the many halflings that live here; their crops always give plentiful harvests and there are no large predators to speak of. It is also home to the halfling deity Yondalla, and other members of the halfling pantheon (Arvoreen and Cyrrollalee). The Fields of Glory are the realm of Heironeous, the deity of justice and valor. Erathaol the Seer, an incredibly handsome archon with subtle masculine features, governs Venya from his underwater library-fortress of Xiranthador. Within its pearl-lined halls are said to lie more tomes of knowledge than can be read in a

{"datasets_id": 162157, "wiki_id": "Q3321794", "sp": 36, "sc": 962, "ep": 40, "ec": 613}

Q3321794

Mount Celestia

Venya & Solania

thousand lifetimes. Solania Solania, the fourth layer, is also called The Crystal Heaven. Many valleys comprise Solania, covered with luminescent fogs and strange scents. The peaks are homes to numerous holy shrines, including monasteries and magnificent cathedrals. Many of the slopes are rich in precious ores and minerals and are mined by populations of dwarves that reside there. A vast dwarven mansion called Erackinor is located on the slopes of Solania, where the dwarven deity Moradin makes his domain, with his wife Berronar Truesilver. Here exists the giant Soul Forges, that Moradin is said to use to temper the spirits of

{"datasets_id": 162157, "wiki_id": "Q3321794", "sp": 40, "sc": 613, "ep": 44, "ec": 125}

Q3321794

Mount Celestia

Solania & Mertion

his people. Solania is the location of a number of other godly realms, including the couatl deity Jazirian's realm of Uroboros, the Gates of Wisdom, Paladine's realm of The Dome of Creation, Chung Kuel's realm of The Ministry of Virtue, Kuan Yin's realm of The Lotus Garden. Pistis Sophia, called the Ascetic due to her monk like tendencies, holds no abode but travels the misty hills of her layer, helping out all who greet her along the way. Mertion Mertion, The Platinum Heaven, is a layer of gentle slopes and wide plains. The many great citadels that dot the layer are the

{"datasets_id": 162157, "wiki_id": "Q3321794", "sp": 44, "sc": 125, "ep": 48, "ec": 23}

Q3321794

Mount Celestia

Mertion & Jovar

mustering grounds for forces of paladins and celestial creatures. The City of Tempered Souls, Empyrea is located on the edge of a cold mountain lake. It is known to host many magical fountains with powerful healing properties, as well as many hospitals and expert healers. Raziel, known to his peers as the Firestar for his judicious wrath, rules Mertion from Empyrea. As the patron of paladins and warriors, he holds no permanent fortress but can be found in any of the city's many hospitals and infirmaries, providing spiritual guidance and protection to the clerics and patients within. Jovar The sixth layer, Jovar,

{"datasets_id": 162157, "wiki_id": "Q3321794", "sp": 48, "sc": 23, "ep": 48, "ec": 623}

Q3321794

Mount Celestia

Jovar

is The Glittering Heaven. Its hills are studded with precious gemstones that glitter in the light. Yetsirah, The Heavenly City is a huge seven-layered ziggurat, with a large staircase on each face connecting the terraces of each layer. The stones that make up the city are made of precious gemstones, similar to those seen around the surrounding hills. On the topmost terrace is the bridge of al-Sihal, formed of pure light. Here lies the portal to the topmost layer of Celestia, Chronias; the bridge of sheer blinding light known as the Bridge of al-Sihal is guarded by one of the mightiest

{"datasets_id": 162157, "wiki_id": "Q3321794", "sp": 48, "sc": 623, "ep": 52, "ec": 243}

Q3321794

Mount Celestia

Jovar & Chronias

of the solar named Xerona who allows those who are righteous and good to pass. Yetsirah and all of Jovar is ruled over by Sealtiel the Defender. Sealtiel commands one of the most impressive standing armies in the Heavens from his fortress of Pax Exaltea, and is charged with preventing impure beings from reaching the uppermost layer of Celestia. Chronias Chronias is the topmost and final layer of Celestia, also called The Illuminated Heaven. There is no real account or description of Chronias, as no entity that has entered has ever returned. It is thought to be the ultimate goal of the

{"datasets_id": 162157, "wiki_id": "Q3321794", "sp": 52, "sc": 243, "ep": 52, "ec": 827}

Q3321794

Mount Celestia

Chronias

inhabitants of Celestia to ascend the layers one by one in order to reach Chronias, where their souls will join with the essence of the plane itself. If anyone can be said to rule in Chronias, that being would be Zaphkiel. Zaphkiel is the mysterious ruler of the Hebdomad, and is the only one who has held his position since it was created; all other previous members having perished in combating fiends or gone on to join the essence of their planes. Zaphkiel embodies the "perfect good", and only the most righteous and exalted individuals can stand in his presence without

{"datasets_id": 162157, "wiki_id": "Q3321794", "sp": 52, "sc": 827, "ep": 56, "ec": 272}

Q3321794

Mount Celestia

Chronias & Fourth edition

being consumed. Zaphkiel is the patron of dead children and stillborn babies and watches over their spirits. Beyond this Zaphkiel's motivations and plans are unknowable, though it is known that he intends to make the planes as good as they can be, and only he can promote an archon into the Hebdomad. Fourth edition In the fourth edition of Dungeons & Dragons, Mount Celestia is known as Celestia, the Radiant Throne. Celestia is the dominion of Bahamut, Kord, Moradin and their exarchs. Instead of a single mountain, Celestia takes the form of a "range of seven mountains that runs about

{"datasets_id": 162157, "wiki_id": "Q3321794", "sp": 56, "sc": 272, "ep": 60, "ec": 219}

Q3321794

Mount Celestia

Fourth edition & Historical influences

120 miles and reaches a height of 10 miles and is surrounded by a narrow sea." The peaks, in ascending order, are Venya (the haunt of Kord), Solania (where Moradin keeps his forge), Mertion (Bahamut's dwelling), Jusor, Fulghen, Perantia and Chronias. The exalted of the three gods engage in a series of war exercises, the Game of Mountains." Historical influences The Seven Heavens are loosely based on the Nine Spheres of Heaven (skipping the Seventh Sphere and combining the Eighth and Ninth) in Dante's The Divine Comedy, in the same way that the Nine Hells of Baator are based on

{"datasets_id": 162157, "wiki_id": "Q3321794", "sp": 60, "sc": 219, "ep": 60, "ec": 383}

Q3321794

Mount Celestia

Historical influences

his Nine Circles of Hell. Some religions also such as Islam and Judaism have a concept of seven heavens, but it bears little resemblance to this plane in the game.

{"datasets_id": 162158, "wiki_id": "Q841110", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 529}

Q841110

Mount Ritter

Geography

Mount Ritter Geography Mount Ritter is made of strikingly dark rock and is quite prominent due to its height and isolation. It is in the middle of the Ritter Range, which includes neighboring Banner Peak and the Minarets. The prominent and memorable shape of the Ritter–Banner pair is visible from high elevations far to the north and south in the Sierra Nevada. Mount Ritter was named by Josiah Whitney, chief of the California Geological Survey, for Carl Ritter, who had been a teacher of his when he was a student in Berlin during the 1840s.

{"datasets_id": 162159, "wiki_id": "Q1350551", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 153}

Q1350551

Mr. A–Z

Formats

Mr. A–Z Formats In the United States and Europe, the album was released both as a CD and as a DualDisc. The DualDisc version has enhanced packaging and an extra booklet.

{"datasets_id": 162160, "wiki_id": "Q16346252", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 546}

Q16346252

Mustafizur Rahman (general)

Early life & Career

Mustafizur Rahman (general) Early life Rahman was born in Rangpur, East Pakistan. Career Rahman fought in Bangladesh Liberation War and was awarded Bir Bikrom by the Government of Bangladesh. He was wounded in action on November 1971. He would serve General officer commanding of an infantry 19th Division (Mymensingh) and principal staff officer of Bangladesh army. He served as the Army chief of Bangladesh from December 1997 to December 2000. In 2004 the Bangladesh Nationalist party government tried to demote him post retirement from General to Lieutenant General and accused that his promotion was a result of his undue influence

{"datasets_id": 162160, "wiki_id": "Q16346252", "sp": 10, "sc": 546, "ep": 14, "ec": 200}

Q16346252

Mustafizur Rahman (general)

Career & Controversy

on the previous Bangladesh Awami League government. Bangladesh High Court nullified the government order and reinstalled his four star rank. Controversy Rahman was one of the accused in a corruption case regarding the procurement of MiG-29 for Bangladesh Air Force along with other government officials including Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.

{"datasets_id": 162161, "wiki_id": "Q508866", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 521}

Q508866

Nakijin Castle

History

Nakijin Castle History Though there had been Lords of Nakijin prior to the creation of the Hokuzan kingdom, and thus some form of chiefly residence can be presumed to have been on or near the site before, it is believed that the gusuku form of Nakijin castle only emerged at the founding of the kingdom. It is located on the Motobu Peninsula, on a rocky outcropping, facing out over the East China Sea. The castle is separated from the main mountain mass of Motobu on the east by a steep drop into a gorge with a stream at the bottom. A

{"datasets_id": 162161, "wiki_id": "Q508866", "sp": 6, "sc": 521, "ep": 6, "ec": 1117}

Q508866

Nakijin Castle

History

steep drop to the north and northeast from the castle drops down to the shoreline. A small harbor inlet here once served the castle, while Unten harbor, the main port of the Hokuzan kingdom, lay roughly 5 to 6 miles to the east. The royal residence was located at the highest and innermost part of the complex and was surrounded by a small garden with a spring. Three shrines (uganju) stood at the highest point of the precipice. In a less inner enclosures, located at a somewhat lower elevations, were residences for certain vassals, along with administrative buildings, stables for the

{"datasets_id": 162161, "wiki_id": "Q508866", "sp": 6, "sc": 1117, "ep": 6, "ec": 1762}

Q508866

Nakijin Castle

History

horses, and garrisons for the warriors of the principality. As was typical of gusuku construction at this time, the stonework of the walls was very solid, but quite rough, with a relative lack of precision fitting or fine cutting. Roughly 1500 meters of limestone castle wall remain today. The castle saw three generations of rulers before being attacked and destroyed by the armies of Chūzan in 1416. Lords of Hokuzan governing in subordination to the royal capital at Shuri would continue to make their residence here for several centuries afterwards. In 1609, the Japanese feudal Domain of Satsuma invaded the Ryukyu Kingdom.

{"datasets_id": 162161, "wiki_id": "Q508866", "sp": 6, "sc": 1762, "ep": 6, "ec": 2367}

Q508866

Nakijin Castle

History

After fierce fighting in the Amami Islands, they landed on Okinawa Island at Unten harbor. They attacked Nakijin Castle with heavy casualties on both sides, but the Japanese prevailed and burned the castle. As a tourist site, the ruins are particularly known for the beautiful view out over the East China Sea, for the impressive grandeur of the castle walls, and for the overall amount of space taken up by the castle grounds. Hokuzan in general was characterized by wider spaces, or at least less dense settlement and population, than Nanzan and Chūzan, the other kingdoms on the island at that

{"datasets_id": 162161, "wiki_id": "Q508866", "sp": 6, "sc": 2367, "ep": 6, "ec": 2519}

Q508866

Nakijin Castle

History

time. Nakijin is also consistently among the first places in the country to see, and celebrate, the blooming of the cherry blossoms (sakura) each year.

{"datasets_id": 162162, "wiki_id": "Q6973662", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 688}

Q6973662

National Institute of Industrial Engineering

History

National Institute of Industrial Engineering History National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE) was established by the Government of India in 1963 with the assistance of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) through the International Labour Organization (ILO) to create skilled professionals. It was funded by the Government of India and registered as a society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. The institute was formerly known as the 'National Institute of Training in Industrial Engineering'. Later, the word 'Training' was removed and was rechristened 'National Institute of Industrial Engineering'. Noted industrialist Anand Mahindra and HDFC chairman Deepak Parekh had suggested, in 2007, the

{"datasets_id": 162162, "wiki_id": "Q6973662", "sp": 6, "sc": 688, "ep": 14, "ec": 274}

Q6973662

National Institute of Industrial Engineering

History & Academics & Research and consultancy

change in name of NITIE to an IIM, Mumbai. The then Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh had promised to look into the issue. But no work has progressed in this direction till date. Academics National Institute of Industrial Engineering offers post graduate diplomas in various fields of management and industrial engineering. It also offers doctoral level fellowship programmes. Research and consultancy Besides training, NITIE conducts applied research and it undertakes various public and private sectors' special projects as sponsored research. Aided by the Government of India, NITIE has established a Centre of Excellence in Ergonomics and Human Factor Engineering (CEEHFE)

{"datasets_id": 162162, "wiki_id": "Q6973662", "sp": 14, "sc": 274, "ep": 18, "ec": 129}

Q6973662

National Institute of Industrial Engineering

Research and consultancy & Placements

as a part of Government of India's Technology Mission-2020 through TIFAC (Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council) - mission REACH (Relevance and Excellence in Achieving New Heights) in an educational system. NITIE has also established an Advanced Centre of Excellence in Operations and Manufacturing Management that is equipped with ERP/MRP-II, CAD/CAM, Pro-engineer, EDM and QUEST software. Each quarter, NITIE publishes a professional journal-UDYOG PRAGATI. This publication elucidates new developments in industrial engineering and allied fields. Placements For the batch of 2018 the AVERAGE SALARY was Rs. 18.45 LPA ( all courses combined ). A total of 135 RECRUITERS made campus offers

{"datasets_id": 162162, "wiki_id": "Q6973662", "sp": 18, "sc": 129, "ep": 18, "ec": 229}

Q6973662

National Institute of Industrial Engineering

Placements

along with 91 PRE-PLACEMENT OFFERS. The average salary for the top 10% of the batch was Rs. 33 LPA.

{"datasets_id": 162163, "wiki_id": "Q7993345", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 481}

Q7993345

New Brunswick Route 820

Route description

New Brunswick Route 820 Route description Most of the route is in Kings County. The route's eastern terminus is in Loch Lomond on the east bank of Loch Lomond, where it is known as Barnesville Rd. It travels in a northerly direction to Baxters Corner. From here, the road travels mostly northeast to Second Lake, Third Lake, and Primrose. The route continues to Barnesville, crosses the Back River, and continues along the north bank to Upham. After passing Drummonds Lake, Route 820 ends in Upperton at Route 111.

{"datasets_id": 162164, "wiki_id": "Q48795745", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 564}

Q48795745

Newsroom (website)

Launch

Newsroom (website) Launch The site launched on 13 March 2017 with a promise to cover "the things that matter" and the hope of being a "New Zealand version of The Guardian". Newsroom's initial funding had come from four "foundation sponsors", which included the University of Auckland and Victoria University of Wellington. The site launched with a group of 16 writers. The site was founded by Tim Murphy, the former editor in chief of the New Zealand Herald, and Mark Jennings, former head of news and current affairs at Newshub. Its first scoop accused an egg supplier of passing off caged

{"datasets_id": 162164, "wiki_id": "Q48795745", "sp": 6, "sc": 564, "ep": 10, "ec": 628}

Q48795745

Newsroom (website)

Launch & New Zealand general election, 2017

eggs as free-range. New Zealand general election, 2017 Newsroom broke two significant stories which influenced the New Zealand general election, 2017. On June 20, 2017, the site revealed the clandestine recording of a staff member working for the MP Todd Barclay, in an article titled "Politicians, police, and the payout". The article explored the extent of the police investigation and the involvement of then Prime Minister Bill English. Newsroom described the staff member involved as having been paid "hush money" from the Prime Minister's budget. Several days later, Barclay announced that he would not stand for re-election. In collaboration with the Financial

{"datasets_id": 162164, "wiki_id": "Q48795745", "sp": 10, "sc": 628, "ep": 10, "ec": 1281}

Q48795745

Newsroom (website)

New Zealand general election, 2017

Times, Newsroom raised an issue with the background of Chinese National Party MP Jian Yang. The site reported that the Security Intelligence Service had scrutinized Yang and that in an interview with the Financial Times in 2011, Yang had confirmed that he attended two military institutions that Newsroom described as "elite Chinese spy schools". The Financial Times says one of the schools is part of China's military intelligence apparatus, training linguists to intercept foreign communications. Yang was a lecturer at the Foreign Language Institute and his immigration file shows he taught the English language and American studies. Yang claimed he

{"datasets_id": 162164, "wiki_id": "Q48795745", "sp": 10, "sc": 1281, "ep": 18, "ec": 118}

Q48795745

Newsroom (website)

New Zealand general election, 2017 & Today & Newsroom Pro

taught his students to simply monitor communications, rather than carry out "the physical act of spying". He conceded he could be seen as having taught spies. The New Zealand Herald later reported that Yang did not disclose his links to the schools in his citizenship applications. Newsroom partnered with the international survey firm SSI to conduct its first election poll. Today Newsroom was jointly awarded the 'Website Of The Year' award along with Stuff at the 2018 Voyager Media Awards. Newsroom Pro Newsroom Pro is an online subscription news service based in Wellington. It reports on parliament and the Beehive. Its

{"datasets_id": 162164, "wiki_id": "Q48795745", "sp": 18, "sc": 118, "ep": 18, "ec": 222}

Q48795745

Newsroom (website)

Newsroom Pro

editor is Bernard Hickey and was formed from his original Hive News. which reported on a similar genre.

{"datasets_id": 162165, "wiki_id": "Q7043209", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 286}

Q7043209

No. 240 Squadron RAF

Formation and World War I & Reformation and World War II

No. 240 Squadron RAF Formation and World War I No. 240 Squadron of the Royal Air Force was formed at RAF Calshot on 20 August 1918 to provide anti-submarine protection, using its Short 184s seaplanes and Felixstowe F2A flying boats. It was disbanded on 15 May 1919. Reformation and World War II The squadron was reformed at Calshot on 30 March 1937. It was at first equipped with Supermarine Scapas and after a year converted to Short Singapores, which were followed a year later by the Saro London, planning to convert later to Saro Lerwicks, but getting Supermarine Stranraers in

{"datasets_id": 162165, "wiki_id": "Q7043209", "sp": 10, "sc": 286, "ep": 14, "ec": 17}

Q7043209

No. 240 Squadron RAF

Reformation and World War II & Post war: Shackletons and Missiles

June 1940 instead. March 1941 these were replaced with Consolidated Catalinas, to carry out anti-submarine patrols over the Atlantic Ocean. It then moved to India in March 1942 where it flew anti-shipping and submarine patrols from Red Hills Lake, where it was disbanded on 1 July 1945. The squadron reformed that same day, 1 July 1945, from elements of 212 Squadron and 240 Squadron's Special Duties Flight. The squadron converted to Short Sunderland Mk.Vs and moved to Ceylon in 1945, where it disbanded on 31 March 1946 at RAF Koggala. Post war: Shackletons and Missiles On 1 May 1952 the

{"datasets_id": 162165, "wiki_id": "Q7043209", "sp": 14, "sc": 17, "ep": 14, "ec": 665}

Q7043209

No. 240 Squadron RAF

Post war: Shackletons and Missiles

squadron reformed again at RAF Aldergrove and was equipped with Avro Shackleton Mk.1a maritime reconnaissance aircraft. The squadron moved to Northern Ireland in June 1952, where it disbanded on 1 November 1958 at RAF Ballykelly by being renumbered to 203 sqn. The squadron reformed once again on 1 August 1959, as one of 20 Thor Strategic Missile (SM) squadrons, associated with Project Emily. The squadron was equipped with three Thor Intermediate range ballistic missiles, and based at RAF Breighton. In October 1962, during the Cuban Missile Crisis, the squadron was kept at full readiness, with the missiles aimed at strategic targets

{"datasets_id": 162165, "wiki_id": "Q7043209", "sp": 14, "sc": 665, "ep": 14, "ec": 777}

Q7043209

No. 240 Squadron RAF

Post war: Shackletons and Missiles

in the USSR. The squadron was disbanded with the termination of the Thor Program in Britain, on 8 January 1963.

{"datasets_id": 162166, "wiki_id": "Q7070782", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 239}

Q7070782

Nyack Public Schools

History

Nyack Public Schools Nyack Public Schools is a school district headquartered in the Town of Orangetown, New York, United States. It serves several areas in Orangetown and Clarkstown including the villages of Nyack, South Nyack, and Upper Nyack, Upper Grand View, and the hamlet of Valley Cottage. As of December 2004 the district had 2,881 students in all five schools. History A February 1999 report released by a chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the Nyack Partners in Education stated that honors classes had nine times as many caucasians as African Americans, while the

{"datasets_id": 162166, "wiki_id": "Q7070782", "sp": 8, "sc": 239, "ep": 8, "ec": 373}

Q7070782

Nyack Public Schools

History

district that Nyack is a part of had two caucasians for one African Americans as a whole. This caused racial tension in the district.

{"datasets_id": 162167, "wiki_id": "Q171308", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 697}

Q171308

Oblast

Oblast An oblast (/ˈɒblæst/; also UK: /ˈɒblɑːst/) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Ukraine, and the former Soviet Union and Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Official terms in successor states of the Soviet Union differ, but some still use a cognate of the Russian term, e.g., voblast (voblasts, voblasts', [ˈvobɫasʲtsʲ]) is used for regions of Belarus, and oblys (plural: oblystar) for regions of Kazakhstan. Often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region". The last translation may lead to confusion, because "raion" may be used for other kinds of administrative subdivision, which may be translated as "region", "district", or

{"datasets_id": 162167, "wiki_id": "Q171308", "sp": 4, "sc": 697, "ep": 16, "ec": 103}

Q171308

Oblast

Bulgaria & Russian Empire & Soviet Union

"county" depending on the context. Bulgaria Since 1999, Bulgaria has been divided into 28 oblasts, usually translated as "provinces". Before, the country was divided into just nine units, also called oblast. Russian Empire In the Russian Empire, oblasts were considered to be administrative units and were included as parts of Governorates General or krais. The majority of then-existing oblasts were on the periphery of the country (e.g. Kars Oblast or Transcaspian Oblast) or covered the areas where Cossacks lived. Soviet Union In the Soviet Union, oblasts were one of the types of administrative divisions of the union republics.

{"datasets_id": 162167, "wiki_id": "Q171308", "sp": 16, "sc": 103, "ep": 16, "ec": 798}

Q171308

Oblast

Soviet Union

As any administrative units of this level, oblasts were composed of districts (raions) and cities/towns directly under oblasts' jurisdiction. Some oblasts also included autonomous entities called autonomous okrugs. Because of the Soviet Union electrification program under the GOELRO plan, Ivan Alexandrov, as director of the Regionalisation Committee of Gosplan, divided the Soviet union into thirteen European and eight Asiatic oblasts, using rational economic planning rather than "the vestiges of lost sovereign rights". The names of oblasts did not usually correspond to the names of the respective historical regions, as they were created as purely administrative units. With a

{"datasets_id": 162167, "wiki_id": "Q171308", "sp": 16, "sc": 798, "ep": 20, "ec": 407}

Q171308

Oblast

Soviet Union & Yugoslavia

few exceptions, Soviet oblasts were named after their administrative centers. Yugoslavia In 1922, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was divided into 33 administrative divisions called oblasts. In 1929, oblasts were replaced with larger administrative units known as banovinas. During the Yugoslav Wars, several Serb Autonomous Oblasts were formed in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. These oblasts were later merged into the Republic of Serbian Krajina and the Republika Srpska.

{"datasets_id": 162168, "wiki_id": "Q7086043", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 531}

Q7086043

Oleg Efrim

Biography

Oleg Efrim Biography Oleg Efrim was born on November 4, 1975 in the village of Corneşti, Ungheni district, Moldavian SSR, USSR, but in documents, is November 7. In 1997 he graduated from the Faculty of Law of the State University of Moldova and from September of the same year he is a lecturer at the State University (Civil Law) and a lawyer. Between 2002 and 2008 he was a partner lawyer at the Associate Law Firm "Avornic & Partners". From October 2008 to November 2009 he was the Ombudsman of the Republic of Moldova at the Center for Human Rights.

{"datasets_id": 162168, "wiki_id": "Q7086043", "sp": 6, "sc": 531, "ep": 6, "ec": 1117}

Q7086043

Oleg Efrim

Biography

From November 2009 until May 2011 he was Deputy Minister of Justice of the Republic of Moldova. On May 6, 2011, by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Moldova no. 124, was appointed Minister of Justice of the Republic of Moldova. For the parliamentary elections of 30 November 2014 from Republic of Moldova Oleg Efrim was not included in the list of PLDM candidates for the post of deputy. On 10 December 2014, following the validation of the vote, the Leancă Cabinet with Efrim in its composition resigned, observing the technical procedure provided by the law. On

{"datasets_id": 162168, "wiki_id": "Q7086043", "sp": 6, "sc": 1117, "ep": 6, "ec": 1472}

Q7086043

Oleg Efrim

Biography

December 16, 2014, Oleg Efrim said he does not want his job any longer, even if he would receive from the party the offer to stay in this chair and in the next government. Oleg Efrim is married to Violeta Marian (born February 23, 1980), a singer who together with her sister Nona formed the band "Fresh" in the past. They have a son named Paul.

{"datasets_id": 162169, "wiki_id": "Q2757980", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 629}

Q2757980

Orion correlation theory

Orion correlation theory The Orion correlation theory (or Giza–Orion correlation theory) is a fringe hypothesis in alternative Egyptology. It posits that there is a correlation between the location of the three largest pyramids of the Giza pyramid complex and Orion's Belt of the constellation Orion, and that this correlation was intended as such by the original builders of the Giza pyramid complex. The stars of Orion were associated with Osiris, the god of rebirth and afterlife by the ancient Egyptians. Depending on the version of the theory, additional pyramids can be included to complete the picture of the Orion constellation,

{"datasets_id": 162169, "wiki_id": "Q2757980", "sp": 4, "sc": 629, "ep": 8, "ec": 232}

Q2757980

Orion correlation theory

History

and the Nile river can be included to match with the Milky Way galaxy. The theory was first published in 1989 in Discussions in Egyptology, volume 13. It was the subject of a bestseller, The Orion Mystery, in 1994, as well as a BBC documentary, The Great Pyramid: Gateway to the Stars (February 1994), and appears in some new-age books. History The Orion correlation theory was put forward by Robert Bauval, and mentioned that Mintaka, the dimmest and most westerly of the stars making up Orion's belt, was offset slightly from the others. Bauval then made a connection between

{"datasets_id": 162169, "wiki_id": "Q2757980", "sp": 8, "sc": 232, "ep": 8, "ec": 834}

Q2757980

Orion correlation theory

History

the layout of the three main stars in Orion's belt and the layout of the three main pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex. He published this idea in 1977 in the journal Discussions in Egyptology, volume 13. The idea has been further expounded by Bauval in collaboration with Adrian Gilbert (The Orion Mystery, 1994) and Graham Hancock (Keeper of Genesis, 1996), as well as in their separate publications. The basis of this theory concerns the proposition that the relative positions of three main Ancient Egyptian pyramids on the Giza plateau was by design correlated with the relative positions of the

{"datasets_id": 162169, "wiki_id": "Q2757980", "sp": 8, "sc": 834, "ep": 8, "ec": 1439}

Q2757980

Orion correlation theory

History

three stars in the constellation of Orion which make up Orion's Belt, as these stars appeared in 10,000 BC. Their initial ideas regarding the alignment of the Giza pyramids with Orion ("…the three pyramids were a terrestrial map of the three stars of Orion's belt"— Hancock's Fingerprints of the Gods, 1995, p. 375) are later joined with speculation about the age of the Great Sphinx (Hancock and Bauval, Keeper of Genesis, published 1996, and in 1997 in the U.S. as The Message of the Sphinx). According to these works, the Great Sphinx was constructed c. 10,500 BC (Upper Paleolithic), and its

{"datasets_id": 162169, "wiki_id": "Q2757980", "sp": 8, "sc": 1439, "ep": 8, "ec": 2053}

Q2757980

Orion correlation theory

History

lion-shape is maintained to be a definitive reference to the constellation of Leo. Furthermore, the orientation and dispositions of the Sphinx, the Giza pyramids and the Nile River relative to one another on the ground is put forward as an accurate reflection or "map" of the constellations of Leo, Orion (specifically, Orion's Belt) and the Milky Way respectively. As Hancock puts it in 1998's The Mars Mystery (co-authored with Bauval): ...we have demonstrated with a substantial body of evidence that the pattern of stars that is "frozen" on the ground at Giza in the form of the three pyramids and the

{"datasets_id": 162169, "wiki_id": "Q2757980", "sp": 8, "sc": 2053, "ep": 8, "ec": 2652}

Q2757980

Orion correlation theory

History

Sphinx represents the disposition of the constellations of Orion and Leo as they looked at the moment of sunrise on the spring equinox during the astronomical "Age of Leo" (i.e., the epoch in which the Sun was "housed" by Leo on the spring equinox.) Like all precessional ages this was a 2,160-year period. It is generally calculated to have fallen between the Gregorian calendar dates of 10,970 and 8810 BC. The allusions to dates circa 12,500 years ago are significant to Hancock since this is the era he seeks to assign to the advanced progenitor civilization, now vanished, but which he

{"datasets_id": 162169, "wiki_id": "Q2757980", "sp": 8, "sc": 2652, "ep": 8, "ec": 3327}

Q2757980

Orion correlation theory

History

contends through most of his works had existed and whose advanced technology influenced and shaped the development of the world's known civilizations of antiquity. Egyptology and archaeological science maintain that available evidence indicates that the Giza pyramids were constructed during the Fourth dynasty period (3rd millennium BC), while the exact date of the Great Sphinx is still unclear. Hancock does not dispute the dating evidence for the currently existing pyramids, but instead argues that they may have been an architectural evolution of sites whose origin and cultural significance dated back some eight thousand years before the current monuments were built

{"datasets_id": 162169, "wiki_id": "Q2757980", "sp": 8, "sc": 3327, "ep": 12, "ec": 426}

Q2757980

Orion correlation theory

History & Critique

—since the Orion correlation theory argues they are oriented that way— which, it is implied, provides further evidence for the influence of astronomical, mathematical, and historical knowledge that might not have been passed down to the pyramids’ builders. Critique Arguments made by Hancock, Bauval, Anthony West and others concerning the significance of the proposed correlations have been critiqued. Among these are critiques from two astronomers, Ed Krupp of Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles and Tony Fairall of the University of Cape Town, South Africa. Using planetarium equipment, Krupp and Fairall independently investigated the angle between the alignment of Orion's Belt

{"datasets_id": 162169, "wiki_id": "Q2757980", "sp": 12, "sc": 426, "ep": 12, "ec": 1031}

Q2757980

Orion correlation theory

Critique

and north during the era cited by Hancock, Bauval, et al. (which differs from the angle seen today or in the third millennium BC, because of the precession of the equinoxes). They found that the angle was somewhat different from the "perfect match" thought to exist by Bauval and Hancock in the Orion correlation theory. They estimate 47–50 degrees per the planetarium measurements, compared to the 38-degree angle formed by the pyramids. Krupp pointed out that the slightly bent line formed by the three pyramids was deviated towards the north, whereas the slight "kink" in the line of Orion's

{"datasets_id": 162169, "wiki_id": "Q2757980", "sp": 12, "sc": 1031, "ep": 12, "ec": 1593}

Q2757980

Orion correlation theory

Critique

Belt was deformed to the south, and to match them up one or the other of them had to be turned upside-down. Indeed, this is what was done in the original book by Bauval and Gilbert (The Orion Mystery), which compares images of the pyramids and Orion without revealing that the pyramids’ map had been inverted. Krupp and Fairall find other problems with their arguments, including noting that if the Sphinx is meant to represent the constellation of Leo, then it should be on the opposite side of the Nile (the "Milky Way") from the pyramids ("Orion"), that the

{"datasets_id": 162169, "wiki_id": "Q2757980", "sp": 12, "sc": 1593, "ep": 12, "ec": 2234}

Q2757980

Orion correlation theory

Critique

vernal equinox c. 10,500 BC was in Virgo and not Leo, and that in any case the constellations of the Zodiac originate from Mesopotamia and were completely unknown in Egypt until the much later Graeco-Roman era. Ed Krupp repeated this "upside down" statement in the BBC documentary Atlantis Reborn (1999). Bauval stated that some astronomers including Archie Roy of the University of Glasgow have rejected Krupp's argument. Krupp presented a counterpoint to the objections, that Bauval stated had been made by the late Dr. Roy, who was a Professor Emeritus of Astronomy at Glasgow University (including the accusation that Bauval and

{"datasets_id": 162169, "wiki_id": "Q2757980", "sp": 12, "sc": 2234, "ep": 16, "ec": 124}

Q2757980

Orion correlation theory

Critique & Leo and the Sphinx

Gilbert deliberately inverted the pyramid map). In a ruling by the Broadcasting Standards Commission (UK), the committee ruled in favour of Robert Bauval that Krupp's statement that maps were placed upside down was "unfairly" presented in the BBC documentary Atlantis Reborn, without including Bauval's filmed response. Bauval and Hancock's filmed responses to Krupp's statements were included in the modified version of the documentary Atlantis Reborn Again shown on 14 December 2000. Leo and the Sphinx The Great Sphinx is a colossal statue with the face of a man and the body of a lion. Carved out of the surrounding limestone

{"datasets_id": 162169, "wiki_id": "Q2757980", "sp": 16, "sc": 124, "ep": 16, "ec": 707}

Q2757980

Orion correlation theory

Leo and the Sphinx

bedrock, it is 57 metres (187 ft) long, 6 metres (20 ft) wide, and has a height of 20 metres (66 ft), making it the largest single-stone statue in the world. The Great Sphinx is one of the world's largest and oldest statues, yet basic facts about it such as the real-life model for the face, when and why it was built, and by whom, are debated. These questions have collectively earned the title "Riddle of the Sphinx", a nod to its Greek namesake. The Great Sphinx is commonly accepted by Egyptologists to represent the likeness of King Khafra (also known by the Hellenised

{"datasets_id": 162169, "wiki_id": "Q2757980", "sp": 16, "sc": 707, "ep": 16, "ec": 1294}

Q2757980

Orion correlation theory

Leo and the Sphinx

version of his name, Chephren) who is often credited as the builder as well. This would place the time of construction somewhere between 2520 BC and 2494 BC. Because the limited evidence giving provenance to Khafra is ambiguous, the idea of who built the Sphinx, and when, continues to be the subject of debate. An argument put forward by Bauval and Hancock to support the Orion Correlation Theory is that the construction of the Great Sphinx was begun in 10,500 BC; that the Sphinx's lion-shape is a definitive reference to the constellation of Leo; and that the layout and orientation

{"datasets_id": 162169, "wiki_id": "Q2757980", "sp": 16, "sc": 1294, "ep": 16, "ec": 1880}

Q2757980

Orion correlation theory

Leo and the Sphinx

of the Sphinx, the Giza pyramid complex and the Nile River are an accurate reflection or "map" of the constellations of Leo, Orion (specifically, Orion's Belt) and the Milky Way, respectively. A date of 10,500 BC is chosen because they maintain this is the only time in the precession of the equinoxes when the astrological age was Leo and when that constellation rose directly east of the Sphinx at the vernal equinox. They also suggest that in this epoch the angles between the three stars of Orion's Belt and the horizon were an "exact match" to the angles between the three

{"datasets_id": 162169, "wiki_id": "Q2757980", "sp": 16, "sc": 1880, "ep": 16, "ec": 2519}

Q2757980

Orion correlation theory

Leo and the Sphinx

main Giza pyramids. These propositions and other theories are used to support the overall belief in an advanced and ancient, but now vanished, global progenitor civilization. The theory that the Sphinx is actually far older has received some support from geologists. Robert M. Schoch has argued that the effects of water erosion on the Sphinx and its surrounding enclosure mean that parts of the monument must originally have been carved at the latest between 7000–5000 BC. Colin Reader has suggested a date only several hundred years prior to the commonly accepted date for construction. These views have been almost universally

{"datasets_id": 162169, "wiki_id": "Q2757980", "sp": 16, "sc": 2519, "ep": 16, "ec": 3003}

Q2757980

Orion correlation theory

Leo and the Sphinx

rejected by mainstream Egyptologists who, together with a number of geologists including James Harrell, Lal Gauri, John J. Sinai, and Jayanta K. Bandyopadhyay, stand by the conventional dating for the monument. Their analyses attribute the apparently accelerated wear on the Sphinx variously to modern industrial pollution, qualitative differences between the layers of limestone in the monument itself, scouring by wind-borne sand, or temperature changes causing the stone to crack.

{"datasets_id": 162170, "wiki_id": "Q55628303", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 479}

Q55628303

Pablo Manfredi

Introduction to politics

Pablo Manfredi Introduction to politics Manfredi had performed as "4th mayor" under mayor José de Jesús Fernández in the 1846. The position was the result of the new Decreto Orgánico de 1846 (1846 Organic Decree), a new Law for Municipalities that allowed for increased centralization of public administration and greater political control over municipalities. Despite this lack of full political control at the municipal level, the former job allowed Manfredi to gain administrative experience for his work as mayor.

{"datasets_id": 162171, "wiki_id": "Q55643278", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 226}

Q55643278

Parish of Castlereagh

Parish of Castlereagh Castlereagh Parish, is a civil parish of Cumberland County west of Sydney. The parish is on the Nepean River between Penrith, New South Wales and Richmond, New South Wales in the foothills of the Great Dividing Range.

{"datasets_id": 162172, "wiki_id": "Q18217845", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 152}

Q18217845

Park Sang-ha

Clubs & National team

Park Sang-ha Clubs Park was selected fifth overall by the Woori Capital Dream Six in the 2008 V-League Draft. Park began his club career as the opposite spiker when 6' 6" (1.98 m) setter Vlado Petković played in the team. Park converted his position to middle blocker as Petković left the team after the 2009–10 season. After the 2016–17 season, Park was signed with the Samsung Fire Bluefangs as a free agent. National team As a senior at Kyung Hee University in 2008, Park was first selected for the South Korean senior national team to compete at the 2008 FIVB World League.

{"datasets_id": 162173, "wiki_id": "Q7148490", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 12, "ec": 64}

Q7148490

Pattersonville, Ohio

History & Education

Pattersonville, Ohio Pattersonville is an unincorporated community in Augusta Township, Carroll County, Ohio, United States. The community is part of the Canton–Massillon Metropolitan Statistical Area. The community is serviced by the [[ Minerva, Ohio]] post office, ZIP code 44657 . It is located on the Still Fork creek and the Ohi-Rail Corporation (OHIC) railroad. History Pattersonville was platted November 15, 1907 by George S. Patterson in section 21 of township 15 in the fifth range. Education Students attend the Carrollton Exempted Village School District.

{"datasets_id": 162174, "wiki_id": "Q427475", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 14, "ec": 175}

Q427475

Percha

Geography & Frazioni & Coat-of-arms

Percha Geography As of 31 December 2015, it had a population of 1,532 and an area of 30.3 square kilometres (11.7 sq mi). Percha borders the following municipalities: Bruneck, Sand in Taufers, Gais and Rasen-Antholz. Frazioni The municipality of Percha contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Aschbach, Wielenberg (Sopranessano), Nasen (Nessano), Litschbach (Rio Liccio), Platten (Plata Montevila), Oberwielenbach (Vila di Sopra), and Unterwielenbach (Vila di Sotto). Coat-of-arms The shield is party per fess of argent and gules; a deer horn with six points is represented in the upper part, a sable plow in the lower. The deer horn symbolizes the hunting