---
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- cosine_accuracy
- dot_accuracy
- manhattan_accuracy
- euclidean_accuracy
- max_accuracy
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:9504
- loss:TripletLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: cap product
sentences:
- method of adjoining a chain of degree p with a co-chain of degree q, where q is
less than or equal to p, to form a composite chain of degree p-q
- 'Ontology '
- hat commodity
- source_sentence: cognitivism
sentences:
- supporting cognitive science
- study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather
than alteration of the genetic code
- 'the idea that mind works like an algorithmic symbol manipulation '
- source_sentence: doxastic voluntarism
sentences:
- Land surrounded by water
- belief one is free
- the ability to will beliefs
- source_sentence: conceptual role
sentences:
- concept
- inferential role
- 'Theory of knowledge '
- source_sentence: scientific revolutions
sentences:
- scientific realism
- Universal moral principles govern legal systems
- paradigm shifts
model-index:
- name: SentenceTransformer
results:
- task:
type: triplet
name: Triplet
dataset:
name: beatai dev
type: beatai-dev
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy
value: 0.8080808080808081
name: Cosine Accuracy
- type: dot_accuracy
value: 0.28114478114478114
name: Dot Accuracy
- type: manhattan_accuracy
value: 0.8316498316498316
name: Manhattan Accuracy
- type: euclidean_accuracy
value: 0.8249158249158249
name: Euclidean Accuracy
- type: max_accuracy
value: 0.8316498316498316
name: Max Accuracy
---
# SentenceTransformer
This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model trained. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.
1. bert-base-uncased was pretrained on a large corpus of open access philosophy text.
2. This model was further trained using TSDAE on a subset of sentences from this corpus for 6 epochs.
3. Resulting model was finetuned using cosine similarity objective on the "philsim" private dataset.
4. Resulting model was finetuned using cosine similarity objective on the beatai-philosophy dataset.
Model internal name: pb-small-10e-tsdae6e-philsim-cosine-6e-beatai-20e
## Model Details
### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 1024 tokens
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
### Model Sources
- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)
### Full Model Architecture
```
SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel
(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)
```
## Usage
### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)
First install the Sentence Transformers library:
```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```
Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("dbourget/philai-embeddings-2.0")
# Run inference
sentences = [
'scientific revolutions',
'paradigm shifts',
'scientific realism',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 1024]
# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```
## Evaluation
### Metrics
#### Triplet
* Dataset: `beatai-dev`
* Evaluated with [TripletEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.TripletEvaluator)
| Metric | Value |
|:-------------------|:-----------|
| cosine_accuracy | 0.8081 |
| dot_accuracy | 0.2811 |
| manhattan_accuracy | 0.8316 |
| euclidean_accuracy | 0.8249 |
| **max_accuracy** | **0.8316** |
## Training Details
### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 138
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 138
- `learning_rate`: 2e-06
- `num_train_epochs`: 10
- `lr_scheduler_type`: constant
- `bf16`: True
- `dataloader_drop_last`: True
#### All Hyperparameters
Click to expand
- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 138
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 138
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 2e-06
- `weight_decay`: 0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 10
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: constant
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: True
- `fp16`: False
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: True
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: 2
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: False
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`:
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `eval_use_gather_object`: False
- `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional