Graph Machine Learning
AnemoI
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@@ -80,7 +80,11 @@ ai-models anemoi --checkpoint aifs_single_v0.2.1.ckpt --file example_20241107_12
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  **Note** we train AIFS using `flash_attention` (https://github.com/Dao-AILab/flash-attention).
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  There are currently some issues when trying to install flash attention with the latest PyTorch version 2.5 and CUDA 12.4 (https://github.com/Dao-AILab/flash-attention/issues/1330).
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- For that reason, we recommend you install PyTorch 2.4.
 
 
 
 
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  After running the `ai-models` command the output of the forecast should be written into `anemoi.grib`
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  Below you can find an example to read that file and load it as numpy array or xarray.
@@ -178,7 +182,7 @@ sdaf) can be found in e.g Ben Bouallegue et al. ` [2024].
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  </div>
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- Forecasts are initialised on 00 and 12 UTC. Shown are relative score changes as function of lead time (day 1 to 10) for northern extra-tropics (n.hem),
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  southern extra-tropics (s.hem), tropics and Europe. Blue colours mark score improvements and red colours score
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  degradations. Purple colours indicate an increased in standard deviation of forecast anomaly, while green colours
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  indicate a reduction. Framed rectangles indicate 95% significance level. Variables are geopotential (z), temperature
@@ -188,6 +192,13 @@ suffix indicates verification against IFS NWP analyses (an) or radiosonde and SY
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  shown are anomaly correlation (ccaf), SEEPS (seeps, for precipitation), RMSE (rmsef) and standard deviation of
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  forecast anomaly (sdaf, see text for more explanation).
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  ## Technical Specifications
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  ### Hardware
 
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  **Note** we train AIFS using `flash_attention` (https://github.com/Dao-AILab/flash-attention).
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  There are currently some issues when trying to install flash attention with the latest PyTorch version 2.5 and CUDA 12.4 (https://github.com/Dao-AILab/flash-attention/issues/1330).
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+ For that reason, we recommend you install PyTorch 2.4.
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+ Additonally the use of 'Flash Attention' package also imposes certain requirements in terms of software and hardware. Those can be found under #Installation and Features in https://github.com/Dao-AILab/flash-attention
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  After running the `ai-models` command the output of the forecast should be written into `anemoi.grib`
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  Below you can find an example to read that file and load it as numpy array or xarray.
 
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  </div>
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+ Forecasts are initialised on 00 and 12 UTC. The scorecard show relative score changes as function of lead time (day 1 to 10) for northern extra-tropics (n.hem),
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  southern extra-tropics (s.hem), tropics and Europe. Blue colours mark score improvements and red colours score
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  degradations. Purple colours indicate an increased in standard deviation of forecast anomaly, while green colours
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  indicate a reduction. Framed rectangles indicate 95% significance level. Variables are geopotential (z), temperature
 
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  shown are anomaly correlation (ccaf), SEEPS (seeps, for precipitation), RMSE (rmsef) and standard deviation of
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  forecast anomaly (sdaf, see text for more explanation).
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+ Additional evaluation analysis including tropycal cyclone performance or comparison against other popular data-driven models can be found in AIFS preprint (https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.01465v1) section 4.
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+ # Known limitations
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+ - This version of AIFS shares certain limitations with some of the other data-driven weather forecast models that are trained with a weighted MSE loss, such as blurring of the forecast fields at longer lead times.
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+ - AIFS exhibits reduced forecast skill in the stratosphere forecast owing to the linear loss scaling with height
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+ - AIFS currently provides reduced intensity of some high-impact systems such as tropical cyclones.
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  ## Technical Specifications
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  ### Hardware