"""
Standard Transformer baseline for comparison with DTAT
Based on NanoGPT architecture with optimizations for enwik8
"""

import math
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F

class CausalSelfAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__()
        assert config.n_embd % config.n_head == 0
        
        self.n_head = config.n_head
        self.n_embd = config.n_embd
        self.dropout = config.dropout
        self.head_size = config.n_embd // config.n_head
        
        # Key, Query, Value projections
        self.c_attn = nn.Linear(config.n_embd, 3 * config.n_embd, bias=config.bias)
        self.c_proj = nn.Linear(config.n_embd, config.n_embd, bias=config.bias)
        
        # Regularization
        self.attn_dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout)
        self.resid_dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout)
        
        # Flash attention optimization if available
        self.flash = hasattr(torch.nn.functional, 'scaled_dot_product_attention')
        if not self.flash:
            print("WARNING: Flash Attention not available, using manual attention")
            # Manual causal mask
            self.register_buffer(
                "bias",
                torch.tril(torch.ones(config.block_size, config.block_size))
                .view(1, 1, config.block_size, config.block_size)
            )
    
    def forward(self, x):
        B, T, C = x.size() # batch size, sequence length, embedding dimensionality
        
        # Calculate query, key, values
        q, k, v  = self.c_attn(x).split(self.n_embd, dim=2)
        k = k.view(B, T, self.n_head, C // self.n_head).transpose(1, 2)
        q = q.view(B, T, self.n_head, C // self.n_head).transpose(1, 2)
        v = v.view(B, T, self.n_head, C // self.n_head).transpose(1, 2)
        
        # Causal self-attention with memory optimization
        if self.flash:
            # Use flash attention if available (faster and more memory efficient)
            with torch.backends.cuda.sdp_kernel(enable_flash=True):
                y = torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention(
                    q, k, v,
                    attn_mask=None,
                    dropout_p=self.dropout if self.training else 0,
                    is_causal=True
                )
        else:
            # Manual attention
            att = (q @ k.transpose(-2, -1)) * (1.0 / math.sqrt(k.size(-1)))
            att = att.masked_fill(self.bias[:,:,:T,:T] == 0, float('-inf'))
            att = F.softmax(att, dim=-1)
            att = self.attn_dropout(att)
            y = att @ v
        
        # Reshape and project back
        y = y.transpose(1, 2).contiguous().view(B, T, C)
        y = self.resid_dropout(self.c_proj(y))
        return y

class Block(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__()
        self.ln_1 = nn.LayerNorm(config.n_embd)
        self.attn = CausalSelfAttention(config)
        self.ln_2 = nn.LayerNorm(config.n_embd)
        self.mlp = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(config.n_embd, 4 * config.n_embd),
            nn.GELU(),
            nn.Linear(4 * config.n_embd, config.n_embd),
            nn.Dropout(config.dropout),
        )
    
    def forward(self, x):
        x = x + self.attn(self.ln_1(x))
        x = x + self.mlp(self.ln_2(x))
        return x

class BaselineTransformer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__()
        assert config.vocab_size is not None
        assert config.block_size is not None
        self.config = config
        
        self.transformer = nn.ModuleDict(dict(
            wte = nn.Embedding(config.vocab_size, config.n_embd),
            wpe = nn.Embedding(config.block_size, config.n_embd),
            drop = nn.Dropout(config.dropout),
            h = nn.ModuleList([Block(config) for _ in range(config.n_layer)]),
            ln_f = nn.LayerNorm(config.n_embd)
        ))
        
        # Language modeling head
        self.lm_head = nn.Linear(config.n_embd, config.vocab_size, bias=False)
        
        # Initialize weights
        self.apply(self._init_weights)
        # Apply special scaled init to the residual projections, per GPT-2 paper
        for pn, p in self.named_parameters():
            if pn.endswith('c_proj.weight'):
                torch.nn.init.normal_(p, mean=0.0, std=0.02/math.sqrt(2 * config.n_layer))
        
        # Report number of parameters
        print("number of parameters: %.2fM" % (self.get_num_params()/1e6,))
        
        # Gradient checkpointing flag
        self.gradient_checkpointing = False
    
    def gradient_checkpointing_enable(self):
        """Enable gradient checkpointing for memory efficiency"""
        self.gradient_checkpointing = True
    
    def gradient_checkpointing_disable(self):
        """Disable gradient checkpointing"""
        self.gradient_checkpointing = False
    
    def _init_weights(self, module):
        if isinstance(module, nn.Linear):
            torch.nn.init.normal_(module.weight, mean=0.0, std=0.02)
            if module.bias is not None:
                torch.nn.init.zeros_(module.bias)
        elif isinstance(module, nn.Embedding):
            torch.nn.init.normal_(module.weight, mean=0.0, std=0.02)
    
    def forward(self, idx, targets=None):
        device = idx.device
        b, t = idx.size()
        
        # Token and position embeddings
        tok_emb = self.transformer.wte(idx)
        pos = torch.arange(0, t, dtype=torch.long, device=device).unsqueeze(0)
        pos_emb = self.transformer.wpe(pos)
        
        # Add embeddings and apply dropout
        x = self.transformer.drop(tok_emb + pos_emb)
        
        # Apply transformer blocks with optional gradient checkpointing
        if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
            for block in self.transformer.h:
                x = torch.utils.checkpoint.checkpoint(block, x)
        else:
            for block in self.transformer.h:
                x = block(x)
        
        x = self.transformer.ln_f(x)
        
        # Language model head
        logits = self.lm_head(x)
        
        # Loss calculation (in BPC)
        loss = None
        if targets is not None:
            loss = F.cross_entropy(logits.view(-1, logits.size(-1)), targets.view(-1))
            loss = loss / math.log(2)  # Convert to BPC
        
        return logits, loss
    
    @torch.no_grad()
    def generate(self, idx, max_new_tokens, temperature=1.0, top_k=None):
        """
        Take a conditioning sequence of indices idx (LongTensor of shape (b,t)) and complete
        the sequence max_new_tokens times, feeding the predictions back into the model each time.
        Most likely you'll want to make sure to be in model.eval() mode of operation for this.
        """
        for _ in range(max_new_tokens):
            # if the sequence context is growing too long we must crop it at block_size
            idx_cond = idx if idx.size(1) <= self.config.block_size else idx[:, -self.config.block_size:]
            # forward the model to get the logits for the index in the sequence
            logits, _ = self(idx_cond)
            # pluck the logits at the final step and scale by desired temperature
            logits = logits[:, -1, :] / temperature
            # optionally crop the logits to only the top k options
            if top_k is not None:
                v, _ = torch.topk(logits, min(top_k, logits.size(-1)))
                logits[logits < v[:, [-1]]] = -float('Inf')
            # apply softmax to convert logits to (normalized) probabilities
            probs = F.softmax(logits, dim=-1)
            # sample from the distribution
            idx_next = torch.multinomial(probs, num_samples=1)
            # append sampled index to the running sequence
            idx = torch.cat((idx, idx_next), dim=1)
        
        return idx

    def get_num_params(self, non_embedding=True):
        n_params = sum(p.numel() for p in self.parameters())
        if non_embedding:
            n_params -= self.transformer.wpe.weight.numel()
        return n_params