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# AIDO.Cell 3M
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AIDO.Cell 3M is our smallest cellular foundation model trained on 50 million cells over a diverse
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set of tissues and organs. The AIDO.Cell models are capable of handling the entire human transcriptome as input,
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thus learning accurate and general representations of the human cell's entire transcriptional context.
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AIDO.Cell achieves state-of-the-art results in tasks such as zero-shot clustering, cell-type classification, and perturbation modeling.
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## Model Architectural Details
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AIDO.Cell uses an auto-discretization strategy for encoding continuous gene expression values, and uses a bidirectional transformer encoder as its backbone.
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To learn semantically meaningful representations, we employed an BERT-style encoder-only dense transformer architecture. We make minor updates to this architecture to align with current best practices, including using SwiGLU and LayerNorms.
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Below are more details about the model architecture:
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| Model | Layers | Hidden | Heads | Intermediate Hidden Size |
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| ----- |:------:| ------ | ----- | ------------------------ |
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| 3M | 6 | 128 | 4 | 320 |
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| 10M | 8 | 256 | 8 | 640 |
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| 100M | 18 | 650 | 20 | 1664 |
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| 650M | 32 | 1280 | 20 | 3392 |
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## Pre-training of AIDO.Cell
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Here we briefly introduce the details of pre-training of AIDIO.Cell. For more detailed information, please refer to [our paper]()).
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AIDO.Cell uses the Read Depth-Aware (RDA) pretraining objective where a single cell expression is downsampled into a low read depth, and the model
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learns to predict the expression count of higher read depth of masked genes.
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### Data
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AIDO.Cell was pretrained on a diverse dataset of 50 million cells from over 100 tissue types. We
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followed the list of data curated by scFoundation in the supplementary. This list includes datasets
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from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the Deeply Integrated human Single-Cell Omnics
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data (DISCO), the human ensemble cell atlas (hECA), Single Cell Portal and more.
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After preprocessing and quality control, the training dataset contained 50 million cells, or 963 total
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billion gene tokens. We partitioned the dataset to set aside 100,000 cells as our validation set.
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### Training Details
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We trained our models with bfloat-16 precision to optimize on memory and speed. The training took place over 256 H100 GPUs over three days for
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the 100M, and eight days for the 650M.
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## Evaluation of AIDO.Cell
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We evaluated AIDO.Cell on a series of both zero shots and fine tuned tasks in single cell genomics. For more detailed information, please refer to [our paper]()).
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## How to Use
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### Build any downstream models from this backbone
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#### Embedding
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#### Sequence Level Classification
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#### Token Level Classification
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## Citation
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Please cite AIDO.Cell using the following BibTeX code:
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```
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@inproceedings{ho2024scaling,
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author={Nicholas Ho, Caleb N. Ellington, Jinyu Hou, Sohan Addagudi, Shentong Mo, Tianhua Tao, Dian Li, Yonghao Zhuang, Hongyi Wang, Xingyi Cheng, Le Song, Eric P. Xing},
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booktitle={NeurIPS 2024 Workshop on AI for New Drug Modalities},
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year={2024}
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}
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```
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## AIDO.Cell
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For a more detailed description, refer to the SOTA model in this collection https://huggingface.co/genbio-ai/cellfoundation-100m
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## How to Use
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For more information, visit: [Model Generator](https://github.com/genbio-ai/modelgenerator)
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## Citation
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Please cite AIDO.Cell using the following BibTeX code:
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```
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@inproceedings{ho2024scaling,
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author={Nicholas Ho, Caleb N. Ellington, Jinyu Hou, Sohan Addagudi, Shentong Mo, Tianhua Tao, Dian Li, Yonghao Zhuang, Hongyi Wang, Xingyi Cheng, Le Song, Eric P. Xing},
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booktitle={NeurIPS 2024 Workshop on AI for New Drug Modalities},
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year={2024}
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}
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