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README.md
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---
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language:
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- it
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license: apache-2.0
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library_name: transformers
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tags:
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- text-generation-inference
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- unsloth
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- gemma
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- gemma2
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- trl
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- word-game
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- rebus
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- italian
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- word-puzzle
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- crossword
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datasets:
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- gsarti/eureka-rebus
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base_model: unsloth/gemma-2-2b-bnb-4bit
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model-index:
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- name: gsarti/gemma-2-2b-rebus-solver-fp16
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results:
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- task:
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type: verbalized-rebus-solving
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name: Verbalized Rebus Solving
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dataset:
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type: gsarti/eureka-rebus
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name: EurekaRebus
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config: llm_sft
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split: test
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revision: 0f24ebc3b66cd2f8968077a5eb058be1d5af2f05
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metrics:
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- type: exact_match
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value: 0.43
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name: First Pass Exact Match
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- type: exact_match
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value: 0.36
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name: Solution Exact Match
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---
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# Gemma-2 2B Verbalized Rebus Solver - PEFT Adapters 🇮🇹
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This model is a parameter-efficient fine-tuned version of Gemma-2 2B trained for verbalized rebus solving in Italian, as part of the [release](https://huggingface.co/collections/gsarti/verbalized-rebus-clic-it-2024-66ab8f11cb04e68bdf4fb028) for our paper [Non Verbis, Sed Rebus: Large Language Models are Weak Solvers of Italian Rebuses](https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.00584). The task of verbalized rebus solving consists of converting an encrypted sequence of letters and crossword definitions into a solution phrase matching the word lengths specified in the solution key. An example is provided below.
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The model was trained in 4-bit precision for 5070 steps on the verbalized subset of the [EurekaRebus](https://huggingface.co/datasets/gsarti/eureka-rebus) using QLora via [Unsloth](https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth) and [TRL](https://github.com/huggingface/trl). This repository contains PEFT-compatible adapters saved throughout training. Use the revision=<GIT_HASH> parameter in from_pretrained to load mid-training adapter checkpoints.
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We also provide [FP16 merged](https://huggingface.co/gsarti/gemma-2-2b-rebus-solver-fp16) and [8-bit GGUF](https://huggingface.co/gsarti/gsarti/gemma-2-2b-rebus-solver-Q8_0-GGUF) versions of this model for analysis and local execution.
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## Using the Model
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The following example shows how to perform inference using Unsloth:
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```python
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# With Unsloth (efficient, requires GPU)
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from unsloth import FastLanguageModel
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model, tokenizer = FastLanguageModel.from_pretrained(
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model_name = "gsarti/gemma-2-2b-rebus-solver-adapters",
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max_seq_length = 1248,
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load_in_4bit = True,
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)
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# Inference
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verbalized_rebus = "[Materiale espulso dai vulcani] R O [Strumento del calzolaio] [Si trovano ai lati del bacino] C I [Si ingrassano con la polenta] E I N [Contiene scorte di cibi] B [Isola in francese]"
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solution_key = "1 ' 5 6 5 3 3 1 14"
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template = """<bos><start_of_turn>user
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Risolvi gli indizi tra parentesi per ottenere una prima lettura, e usa la chiave di lettura per ottenere la soluzione del rebus.
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Rebus: {rebus}
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Chiave risolutiva: {key}<end_of_turn>
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<start_of_turn>model"""
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input = template.format(rebus=verbalized_rebus, key=solution_key)
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inputs = tokenizer(input, return_tensors="pt")["input_ids"]
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outputs = model.generate(input_ids = inputs, max_new_tokens = 500, use_cache = True)
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model_generations = tokenizer.batch_decode(outputs)
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print(model_generations[0])
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# Procediamo alla risoluzione del rebus passo per passo:
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# - [Materiale espulso dai vulcani] = lava
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# - R O = R O
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# - [Strumento del calzolaio] = lesina
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# - [Si trovano ai lati del bacino] = anche
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# - C I = C I
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# - [Si ingrassano con la polenta] = oche
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# - E I N = E I N
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# - [Contiene scorte di cibi] = dispensa
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# - B = B
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# - [Isola in francese] = ile
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#
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# Prima lettura: lava R O lesina anche C I oche E I N silos B ile
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#
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# Ora componiamo la soluzione seguendo la chiave risolutiva:
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# 1 = L
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# ' = '
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# 5 = avaro
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# 6 = lesina
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# 5 = anche
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# 3 = ciò
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# 3 = che
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# 1 = è
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# 14 = indispensabile
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#
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# Soluzione: L'avaro lesina anche ciò che è indispensabile
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```
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See the official [code release](https://github.com/gsarti/verbalized-rebus) for more examples.
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### Local usage with Ollama
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A ready-to-use local version of this model is hosted on the [Ollama Hub](https://ollama.com/gsarti/gemma2-2b-rebus-solver) and can be used as follows:
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```shell
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ollama run gsarti/gemma2-2b-rebus-solver "Rebus: [Materiale espulso dai vulcani] R O [Strumento del calzolaio] [Si trovano ai lati del bacino] C I [Si ingrassano con la polenta] E I N [Contiene scorte di cibi] B [Isola in francese]\nChiave risolutiva: 1 ' 5 6 5 3 3 1 14"
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```
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## Limitations
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**Lexical overfitting**: As remarked in the related publication, the model overfitted the set of definitions/answers for first pass words. As a result, words that were [explicitly witheld](https://huggingface.co/datasets/gsarti/eureka-rebus/blob/main/ood_words.txt) from the training set cause significant performance degradation when used as solutions for verbalized rebuses' definitions. You can compare model performances between [in-domain](https://huggingface.co/datasets/gsarti/eureka-rebus/blob/main/id_test.jsonl) and [out-of-domain](https://huggingface.co/datasets/gsarti/eureka-rebus/blob/main/ood_test.jsonl) test examples to verify this limitation.
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## Model curators
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For problems or updates on this model, please contact [gabriele.sarti996@gmail.com](mailto:gabriele.sarti996@gmail.com).
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### Citation Information
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If you use this model in your work, please cite our paper as follows:
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```bibtex
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@article{sarti-etal-2024-rebus,
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title = "Non Verbis, Sed Rebus: Large Language Models are Weak Solvers of Italian Rebuses",
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author = "Sarti, Gabriele and Caselli, Tommaso and Nissim, Malvina and Bisazza, Arianna",
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journal = "ArXiv",
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month = jul,
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year = "2024",
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volume = {abs/2408.00584},
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url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.00584},
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}
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```
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## Acknowledgements
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We are grateful to the [Associazione Culturale "Biblioteca Enigmistica Italiana - G. Panini"](http://www.enignet.it/home) for making its rebus collection freely accessible on the [Eureka5 platform](http://www.eureka5.it).
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[<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unslothai/unsloth/main/images/unsloth%20made%20with%20love.png" width="200"/>](https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth)
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