Input:
Question: When did the operation during which the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen begin? Passage: The group was occasionally diverted from strategic missions to carry out air support and interdiction missions. It supported Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy by attacking transportation targets, including bridges, along with airfields and strong points in France. On D Day, the squadron and the rest of the 446th Group led the first heavy bomber mission of the day. The 446th aided ground forces at Caen and Saint-Lô during July by hitting bridges, gun batteries, and enemy troops. During Operation Market Garden, the attempt to seize a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands, the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen. It struck lines of communications during the Battle of the Bulge. During Operation Varsity in March 1945, it supplied ground and airborne troops near Wesel. The squadron flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945 against Salzburg, Austria. The group had flown 273 missions and had lost 58 aircraft during the war,
.

Output: b

Input:
Question: How old was Francis Ford when John Ford started his career in filmmaking? Passage: John Ford (1894–1973) was an American film director whose career spanned from 1913 to 1971. During this time he directed more than 140 films. Born in Maine, Ford entered the filmmaking industry shortly after graduating from high school with the help of his older brother, Francis Ford, who had established himself as a leading man and director for Universal Studios. After working as an actor, assistant director, stuntman, and prop man – often for his brother – Universal gave Ford the opportunity to direct in 1917. Initially working in short films, he quickly moved into features, largely with Harry Carey as his star. In 1920 Ford left Universal and began working for the Fox Film Corporation. During the next ten years he directed more than 30 films, including the westerns The Iron Horse (1924) and 3 Bad Men (1926), both starring George O'Brien, the war drama Four Sons and the Irish romantic drama Hangman's House (both 1928 and both starring Victor McLaglen). In the same year of these last two films, Ford directed his first all-talking film, the short Napoleon's Barber. The following year he directed his first all-talking feature, The Black Watch.
.

Output: a

Input:
Question: Is the woman who gave the starting command at the Indy 500 for the last time in 2016 still alive? Passage: In most cases, Tony Hulman would give the command, then ride in the pace car during the pace laps. Mary F. Hulman would give the command near the pace car, but rarely rode in the pace car due to her age and declining health. Eventually, the location was moved to near the start/finish line, and in 2001, it was moved to the new Victory Podium stage adjacent to the Pagoda. In 2011 only, Mari George moved back to the front of the starting grid to give the command, and then she rode in the pace car with A. J. Foyt. In 2014, as a special gesture to Jim Nabors's final performance at Indy, the starting command was given in unison by both Mari George and Nabors, marking the first time a non-member of the Hulman-George family had given the command for the 500 since 1954. In 2016 for the 100th Indianapolis 500, now-matriarch Mari was joined by three subsequent generations of the Hulman-George family, who gave the command together. Due to her advanced age, the 2016 race would be Mari's final turn giving the command. Later that same year, Tony George gave the starting command for the Brickyard 400, his first time giving a command since a restart command in 1986. For the 2017 Indianapolis 500, the duty was permanently assigned to Tony George. In that year, Tony George began using the phrase "Drivers, start your engines" instead of the more familiar "Lady and gentlemen..." variation. However, for the 2019 race, George recited that latter variation.
'.

Output: b

Input:
Question: How many Super Bowls did the team the Cardinals beat to make their first appearance in the Super Bowl win? Passage: The 2008 Arizona Cardinals season was the 89th season for the team in the National Football League and their 21st season in Arizona. The season marked the Cardinals' first Super Bowl appearance, coming as a result of their victory against the Philadelphia Eagles in the NFC Championship. The Cardinals slogan for the season was "Shock The World!" Riding the back of quarterback Kurt Warner, who had gone from being a backup for the St. Louis Rams in 1999 to leading the Greatest Show on Turf to a Super Bowl XXXIV victory, and franchise wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald, the Cardinals went on a playoff run for the ages after having won just one playoff game in the last sixty years, as Warner once again recreated the magic he had captured with the Rams. (Coincidentally, both teams were based in St Louis at one point or another, only to relocate to different cities.)
.

Output: a

Input:
Question: How many NCAA football championships have been won by the college that Peyton Manning attended? Passage: In 1998 the Colts, for the 4th time in 15 years, held the 1st overall pick in the draft and for the 3rd time in 15 years selected a quarterback – this time Peyton Manning. Manning started the first game of his rookie season and started every single Colts game since until the start of the 2011 season, when a recurring neck injury sidelined him. Despite a difficult rookie season, where he threw a league high 28 interceptions, Manning and the Colts responded by finishing 13–3 in 1999. The 10 game turnaround from the previous year set an NFL record. Even with this turnaround, the Colts lost in the playoffs. The following years would be marked by a near constant pattern. The Colts and Manning successes in the regular season were matched only by their failures in the post season. Manning was named to the Pro Bowl in 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003 and 2004, as well as winning the NFL MVP award in both 2003 and 2004. In 2004 Manning set a then NFL record when he threw 49 touchdowns in a single season. In spite of this the team failed in the playoffs, including early round exits in 1999, 2000, 2002 and 2005. In both 2003 and 2004 the Colts would lose to eventual Super Bowl winning New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game and the Divisional Round respectively. In 2006 the Colts and Manning were finally able to beat the Patriots and their quarterback Tom Brady in the AFC Championship Game on their way to a victory in Super Bowl XLI against the Chicago Bears. Manning was named the Super Bowl MVP. The Colts and Manning would continue to have success, with Manning winning two further MVP awards in 2008 and 2009. In 2009 the Colts would return to the Super Bowl where they would lose to the New Orleans Saints.
.

Output: b

Input: Question: Who was the leader of Moldova in 1917? Passage:Lazo was born in the village of Piatra, Orhei, now in Orhei district, Moldova. He was of boyar origin. In 1917, he was a cadet at the Imperial Russian military academy when he joined the Bolshevik forces and was entrusted with several missions in Siberia during the Russian Civil War. In March–August 1918 he was a commander of the Zabaykalski (trans-Baikalan) Front, and fought against Ataman Grigory Semyonov. Later he fought in Bolshevik partisan units in the Vladivostok and Partizansk areas, commanding the Red Army during the Suchan Valley Campaign against American forces. On January 31, 1920 the Bolsheviks took power in Vladivostok, but on April 5, 1920 Lazo and other commanders were arrested by Japanese troops. Then, Lazo disappeared, along with Vsevolod Sibirtsev and Alexey Lutski. Reportedly they were shot shortly after, but the exact details of the execution have never been known yet. It is widely believed that the Japanese or Cossacks of the White movement burned them in the firebox of a steam engine in Muravyevo-Amurskaya (currently Lazo) station.

Output: b


Explanation:
Multihop Reasoning
Cross-document Reasoning
Discrete Reasoning
Numerical Reasoning
Temporal Reasoning

In this task, you're given a question, along with a context passage which has extra information available on certain terms mentioned in it, i.e., the proper nouns in the passage. Your job is to determine whether information from more than one term is needed to answer the question. Indicate your choice as `a` for Yes or `b` for No.

Input:
Question: When did the operation during which the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen begin? Passage: The group was occasionally diverted from strategic missions to carry out air support and interdiction missions. It supported Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy by attacking transportation targets, including bridges, along with airfields and strong points in France. On D Day, the squadron and the rest of the 446th Group led the first heavy bomber mission of the day. The 446th aided ground forces at Caen and Saint-Lô during July by hitting bridges, gun batteries, and enemy troops. During Operation Market Garden, the attempt to seize a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands, the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen. It struck lines of communications during the Battle of the Bulge. During Operation Varsity in March 1945, it supplied ground and airborne troops near Wesel. The squadron flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945 against Salzburg, Austria. The group had flown 273 missions and had lost 58 aircraft during the war,
.

Output: b

Explanation: The passage describes the 704th's actions during Operation Market Garden so only information about the operation is needed.

Input:
Question: How old was Francis Ford when John Ford started his career in filmmaking? Passage: John Ford (1894–1973) was an American film director whose career spanned from 1913 to 1971. During this time he directed more than 140 films. Born in Maine, Ford entered the filmmaking industry shortly after graduating from high school with the help of his older brother, Francis Ford, who had established himself as a leading man and director for Universal Studios. After working as an actor, assistant director, stuntman, and prop man – often for his brother – Universal gave Ford the opportunity to direct in 1917. Initially working in short films, he quickly moved into features, largely with Harry Carey as his star. In 1920 Ford left Universal and began working for the Fox Film Corporation. During the next ten years he directed more than 30 films, including the westerns The Iron Horse (1924) and 3 Bad Men (1926), both starring George O'Brien, the war drama Four Sons and the Irish romantic drama Hangman's House (both 1928 and both starring Victor McLaglen). In the same year of these last two films, Ford directed his first all-talking film, the short Napoleon's Barber. The following year he directed his first all-talking feature, The Black Watch.
.

Output: a

Explanation: The question is about both Francis and John Ford, so more details on both are needed to answer the question. There is no single entity in the passage that can lead to the answer.

Input:
Question: Is the woman who gave the starting command at the Indy 500 for the last time in 2016 still alive? Passage: In most cases, Tony Hulman would give the command, then ride in the pace car during the pace laps. Mary F. Hulman would give the command near the pace car, but rarely rode in the pace car due to her age and declining health. Eventually, the location was moved to near the start/finish line, and in 2001, it was moved to the new Victory Podium stage adjacent to the Pagoda. In 2011 only, Mari George moved back to the front of the starting grid to give the command, and then she rode in the pace car with A. J. Foyt. In 2014, as a special gesture to Jim Nabors's final performance at Indy, the starting command was given in unison by both Mari George and Nabors, marking the first time a non-member of the Hulman-George family had given the command for the 500 since 1954. In 2016 for the 100th Indianapolis 500, now-matriarch Mari was joined by three subsequent generations of the Hulman-George family, who gave the command together. Due to her advanced age, the 2016 race would be Mari's final turn giving the command. Later that same year, Tony George gave the starting command for the Brickyard 400, his first time giving a command since a restart command in 1986. For the 2017 Indianapolis 500, the duty was permanently assigned to Tony George. In that year, Tony George began using the phrase "Drivers, start your engines" instead of the more familiar "Lady and gentlemen..." variation. However, for the 2019 race, George recited that latter variation.
'.

Output: b

Explanation: Mari Hulman George gave the starting command at the Indy 500 in 2016 so only information about her is needed.

Input:
Question: How many Super Bowls did the team the Cardinals beat to make their first appearance in the Super Bowl win? Passage: The 2008 Arizona Cardinals season was the 89th season for the team in the National Football League and their 21st season in Arizona. The season marked the Cardinals' first Super Bowl appearance, coming as a result of their victory against the Philadelphia Eagles in the NFC Championship. The Cardinals slogan for the season was "Shock The World!" Riding the back of quarterback Kurt Warner, who had gone from being a backup for the St. Louis Rams in 1999 to leading the Greatest Show on Turf to a Super Bowl XXXIV victory, and franchise wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald, the Cardinals went on a playoff run for the ages after having won just one playoff game in the last sixty years, as Warner once again recreated the magic he had captured with the Rams. (Coincidentally, both teams were based in St Louis at one point or another, only to relocate to different cities.)
.

Output: a

Explanation: The passage mentions that the Arizona Cardinals beat the Eagles, so any further information will only be available with respect to the Eagles' season meaning only one link is needed.

Input:
Question: How many NCAA football championships have been won by the college that Peyton Manning attended? Passage: In 1998 the Colts, for the 4th time in 15 years, held the 1st overall pick in the draft and for the 3rd time in 15 years selected a quarterback – this time Peyton Manning. Manning started the first game of his rookie season and started every single Colts game since until the start of the 2011 season, when a recurring neck injury sidelined him. Despite a difficult rookie season, where he threw a league high 28 interceptions, Manning and the Colts responded by finishing 13–3 in 1999. The 10 game turnaround from the previous year set an NFL record. Even with this turnaround, the Colts lost in the playoffs. The following years would be marked by a near constant pattern. The Colts and Manning successes in the regular season were matched only by their failures in the post season. Manning was named to the Pro Bowl in 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003 and 2004, as well as winning the NFL MVP award in both 2003 and 2004. In 2004 Manning set a then NFL record when he threw 49 touchdowns in a single season. In spite of this the team failed in the playoffs, including early round exits in 1999, 2000, 2002 and 2005. In both 2003 and 2004 the Colts would lose to eventual Super Bowl winning New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game and the Divisional Round respectively. In 2006 the Colts and Manning were finally able to beat the Patriots and their quarterback Tom Brady in the AFC Championship Game on their way to a victory in Super Bowl XLI against the Chicago Bears. Manning was named the Super Bowl MVP. The Colts and Manning would continue to have success, with Manning winning two further MVP awards in 2008 and 2009. In 2009 the Colts would return to the Super Bowl where they would lose to the New Orleans Saints.
.

Output: b

Explanation: Both information on Peyton Manning, and information on the college he attended are needed.

Input: Question: Who won the all-around the year Filanovsky finished 7th at the Corbeil-Essonnes World Cup? Passage:In 2014, Veinberg Filanovsky finished 7th in all-around at the 2014 Corbeil-Essonnes World Cup, and qualified to all four event finals for the first time in her World Cup competitions. On May 30–June 1, she competed at the 2014 Minsk World Cup. On June 10–15, she competed at the 2014 European Championships and finished 12th in the all-around final. On September 5–7, at the 2014 World World Cup Final in Kazan, Russia, Veinberg Filanovsky finished 9th in all-around behind Neta Rivkin, and qualified to one event final, finishing 7th in clubs. On September 22–28, Veinberg Filanovsky (along with teammates Neta Rivkin and Martina Poplinsky) represented Israel at the 2014 World Championships where Team Israel finished in 4th place. She finished 12th in the all-around finals behind Kseniya Moustafaeva of France. On October 18–20, Veinberg Filanovsky competed at the 2014 Grand Prix Berlin and won the all-around silver behind Russia's Maria Titova, while in event finals she won silver medals in hoop, clubs and ribbon. On November 1–3, Veinberg Filanovsky won the all-around bronze at the 2014 Grand Prix Brno behind compatriot Neta Rivkin. In November 14–16, at the 2014 Grand Prix Final in Innsbruck, Austria, Veinberg Filanovsky finished 4th in the all-around behind Bulgaria's Neviana Vladinova. In event finals, she won silver in ball and two bronze (clubs, ribbon).

Output: b


Input:
Question: When did the operation during which the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen begin? Passage: The group was occasionally diverted from strategic missions to carry out air support and interdiction missions. It supported Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy by attacking transportation targets, including bridges, along with airfields and strong points in France. On D Day, the squadron and the rest of the 446th Group led the first heavy bomber mission of the day. The 446th aided ground forces at Caen and Saint-Lô during July by hitting bridges, gun batteries, and enemy troops. During Operation Market Garden, the attempt to seize a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands, the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen. It struck lines of communications during the Battle of the Bulge. During Operation Varsity in March 1945, it supplied ground and airborne troops near Wesel. The squadron flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945 against Salzburg, Austria. The group had flown 273 missions and had lost 58 aircraft during the war,
.

Output: b

Input:
Question: How old was Francis Ford when John Ford started his career in filmmaking? Passage: John Ford (1894–1973) was an American film director whose career spanned from 1913 to 1971. During this time he directed more than 140 films. Born in Maine, Ford entered the filmmaking industry shortly after graduating from high school with the help of his older brother, Francis Ford, who had established himself as a leading man and director for Universal Studios. After working as an actor, assistant director, stuntman, and prop man – often for his brother – Universal gave Ford the opportunity to direct in 1917. Initially working in short films, he quickly moved into features, largely with Harry Carey as his star. In 1920 Ford left Universal and began working for the Fox Film Corporation. During the next ten years he directed more than 30 films, including the westerns The Iron Horse (1924) and 3 Bad Men (1926), both starring George O'Brien, the war drama Four Sons and the Irish romantic drama Hangman's House (both 1928 and both starring Victor McLaglen). In the same year of these last two films, Ford directed his first all-talking film, the short Napoleon's Barber. The following year he directed his first all-talking feature, The Black Watch.
.

Output: a

Input:
Question: Is the woman who gave the starting command at the Indy 500 for the last time in 2016 still alive? Passage: In most cases, Tony Hulman would give the command, then ride in the pace car during the pace laps. Mary F. Hulman would give the command near the pace car, but rarely rode in the pace car due to her age and declining health. Eventually, the location was moved to near the start/finish line, and in 2001, it was moved to the new Victory Podium stage adjacent to the Pagoda. In 2011 only, Mari George moved back to the front of the starting grid to give the command, and then she rode in the pace car with A. J. Foyt. In 2014, as a special gesture to Jim Nabors's final performance at Indy, the starting command was given in unison by both Mari George and Nabors, marking the first time a non-member of the Hulman-George family had given the command for the 500 since 1954. In 2016 for the 100th Indianapolis 500, now-matriarch Mari was joined by three subsequent generations of the Hulman-George family, who gave the command together. Due to her advanced age, the 2016 race would be Mari's final turn giving the command. Later that same year, Tony George gave the starting command for the Brickyard 400, his first time giving a command since a restart command in 1986. For the 2017 Indianapolis 500, the duty was permanently assigned to Tony George. In that year, Tony George began using the phrase "Drivers, start your engines" instead of the more familiar "Lady and gentlemen..." variation. However, for the 2019 race, George recited that latter variation.
'.

Output: b

Input:
Question: How many Super Bowls did the team the Cardinals beat to make their first appearance in the Super Bowl win? Passage: The 2008 Arizona Cardinals season was the 89th season for the team in the National Football League and their 21st season in Arizona. The season marked the Cardinals' first Super Bowl appearance, coming as a result of their victory against the Philadelphia Eagles in the NFC Championship. The Cardinals slogan for the season was "Shock The World!" Riding the back of quarterback Kurt Warner, who had gone from being a backup for the St. Louis Rams in 1999 to leading the Greatest Show on Turf to a Super Bowl XXXIV victory, and franchise wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald, the Cardinals went on a playoff run for the ages after having won just one playoff game in the last sixty years, as Warner once again recreated the magic he had captured with the Rams. (Coincidentally, both teams were based in St Louis at one point or another, only to relocate to different cities.)
.

Output: a

Input:
Question: How many NCAA football championships have been won by the college that Peyton Manning attended? Passage: In 1998 the Colts, for the 4th time in 15 years, held the 1st overall pick in the draft and for the 3rd time in 15 years selected a quarterback – this time Peyton Manning. Manning started the first game of his rookie season and started every single Colts game since until the start of the 2011 season, when a recurring neck injury sidelined him. Despite a difficult rookie season, where he threw a league high 28 interceptions, Manning and the Colts responded by finishing 13–3 in 1999. The 10 game turnaround from the previous year set an NFL record. Even with this turnaround, the Colts lost in the playoffs. The following years would be marked by a near constant pattern. The Colts and Manning successes in the regular season were matched only by their failures in the post season. Manning was named to the Pro Bowl in 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003 and 2004, as well as winning the NFL MVP award in both 2003 and 2004. In 2004 Manning set a then NFL record when he threw 49 touchdowns in a single season. In spite of this the team failed in the playoffs, including early round exits in 1999, 2000, 2002 and 2005. In both 2003 and 2004 the Colts would lose to eventual Super Bowl winning New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game and the Divisional Round respectively. In 2006 the Colts and Manning were finally able to beat the Patriots and their quarterback Tom Brady in the AFC Championship Game on their way to a victory in Super Bowl XLI against the Chicago Bears. Manning was named the Super Bowl MVP. The Colts and Manning would continue to have success, with Manning winning two further MVP awards in 2008 and 2009. In 2009 the Colts would return to the Super Bowl where they would lose to the New Orleans Saints.
.

Output: b

Input: Question: Which of the two states that some claim the treaty territory also includes parts of has a larger total area (sq mi.)? Passage:A Dish With One Spoon, also known as One Dish One Spoon, is a law used by indigenous peoples of the Americas since at least 1142 CE to describe an agreement for sharing hunting territory among two or more nations. People are all eating out of the single dish, that is, all hunting in the shared territory. One spoon signifies that all Peoples sharing the territory are expected to limit the game they take to leave enough for others, and for the continued abundance and viability of the hunting grounds into the future. Sometimes the Indigenous language word is rendered in English as bowl or kettle rather than dish. The Dish With One Spoon phrase is also used to denote the treaty or agreement itself. In particular, a treaty made between the Anishinaabe and Haudenosaunee nations at Montréal in 1701, as part of the Great Peace of Montreal is usually called the Dish With One Spoon treaty and its associated wampum belt the Dish With One Spoon wampum. The treaty territory includes part of the current province of Ontario between the Great Lakes and extending east along the north shore of the St. Lawrence River up to the border with the current province of Quebec. Some claim it also includes parts of the current states of New York and Michigan.

Output: a


Input:
Question: When did the operation during which the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen begin? Passage: The group was occasionally diverted from strategic missions to carry out air support and interdiction missions. It supported Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy by attacking transportation targets, including bridges, along with airfields and strong points in France. On D Day, the squadron and the rest of the 446th Group led the first heavy bomber mission of the day. The 446th aided ground forces at Caen and Saint-Lô during July by hitting bridges, gun batteries, and enemy troops. During Operation Market Garden, the attempt to seize a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands, the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen. It struck lines of communications during the Battle of the Bulge. During Operation Varsity in March 1945, it supplied ground and airborne troops near Wesel. The squadron flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945 against Salzburg, Austria. The group had flown 273 missions and had lost 58 aircraft during the war,
.

Output: b

Input:
Question: How old was Francis Ford when John Ford started his career in filmmaking? Passage: John Ford (1894–1973) was an American film director whose career spanned from 1913 to 1971. During this time he directed more than 140 films. Born in Maine, Ford entered the filmmaking industry shortly after graduating from high school with the help of his older brother, Francis Ford, who had established himself as a leading man and director for Universal Studios. After working as an actor, assistant director, stuntman, and prop man – often for his brother – Universal gave Ford the opportunity to direct in 1917. Initially working in short films, he quickly moved into features, largely with Harry Carey as his star. In 1920 Ford left Universal and began working for the Fox Film Corporation. During the next ten years he directed more than 30 films, including the westerns The Iron Horse (1924) and 3 Bad Men (1926), both starring George O'Brien, the war drama Four Sons and the Irish romantic drama Hangman's House (both 1928 and both starring Victor McLaglen). In the same year of these last two films, Ford directed his first all-talking film, the short Napoleon's Barber. The following year he directed his first all-talking feature, The Black Watch.
.

Output: a

Input:
Question: Is the woman who gave the starting command at the Indy 500 for the last time in 2016 still alive? Passage: In most cases, Tony Hulman would give the command, then ride in the pace car during the pace laps. Mary F. Hulman would give the command near the pace car, but rarely rode in the pace car due to her age and declining health. Eventually, the location was moved to near the start/finish line, and in 2001, it was moved to the new Victory Podium stage adjacent to the Pagoda. In 2011 only, Mari George moved back to the front of the starting grid to give the command, and then she rode in the pace car with A. J. Foyt. In 2014, as a special gesture to Jim Nabors's final performance at Indy, the starting command was given in unison by both Mari George and Nabors, marking the first time a non-member of the Hulman-George family had given the command for the 500 since 1954. In 2016 for the 100th Indianapolis 500, now-matriarch Mari was joined by three subsequent generations of the Hulman-George family, who gave the command together. Due to her advanced age, the 2016 race would be Mari's final turn giving the command. Later that same year, Tony George gave the starting command for the Brickyard 400, his first time giving a command since a restart command in 1986. For the 2017 Indianapolis 500, the duty was permanently assigned to Tony George. In that year, Tony George began using the phrase "Drivers, start your engines" instead of the more familiar "Lady and gentlemen..." variation. However, for the 2019 race, George recited that latter variation.
'.

Output: b

Input:
Question: How many Super Bowls did the team the Cardinals beat to make their first appearance in the Super Bowl win? Passage: The 2008 Arizona Cardinals season was the 89th season for the team in the National Football League and their 21st season in Arizona. The season marked the Cardinals' first Super Bowl appearance, coming as a result of their victory against the Philadelphia Eagles in the NFC Championship. The Cardinals slogan for the season was "Shock The World!" Riding the back of quarterback Kurt Warner, who had gone from being a backup for the St. Louis Rams in 1999 to leading the Greatest Show on Turf to a Super Bowl XXXIV victory, and franchise wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald, the Cardinals went on a playoff run for the ages after having won just one playoff game in the last sixty years, as Warner once again recreated the magic he had captured with the Rams. (Coincidentally, both teams were based in St Louis at one point or another, only to relocate to different cities.)
.

Output: a

Input:
Question: How many NCAA football championships have been won by the college that Peyton Manning attended? Passage: In 1998 the Colts, for the 4th time in 15 years, held the 1st overall pick in the draft and for the 3rd time in 15 years selected a quarterback – this time Peyton Manning. Manning started the first game of his rookie season and started every single Colts game since until the start of the 2011 season, when a recurring neck injury sidelined him. Despite a difficult rookie season, where he threw a league high 28 interceptions, Manning and the Colts responded by finishing 13–3 in 1999. The 10 game turnaround from the previous year set an NFL record. Even with this turnaround, the Colts lost in the playoffs. The following years would be marked by a near constant pattern. The Colts and Manning successes in the regular season were matched only by their failures in the post season. Manning was named to the Pro Bowl in 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003 and 2004, as well as winning the NFL MVP award in both 2003 and 2004. In 2004 Manning set a then NFL record when he threw 49 touchdowns in a single season. In spite of this the team failed in the playoffs, including early round exits in 1999, 2000, 2002 and 2005. In both 2003 and 2004 the Colts would lose to eventual Super Bowl winning New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game and the Divisional Round respectively. In 2006 the Colts and Manning were finally able to beat the Patriots and their quarterback Tom Brady in the AFC Championship Game on their way to a victory in Super Bowl XLI against the Chicago Bears. Manning was named the Super Bowl MVP. The Colts and Manning would continue to have success, with Manning winning two further MVP awards in 2008 and 2009. In 2009 the Colts would return to the Super Bowl where they would lose to the New Orleans Saints.
.

Output: b

Input: Question: How many total people were killed in the Karachi bus bombing? Passage:Since its exposure in the news media of both France and Pakistan, the scandal has been involved in various investigative journalism and attracted sensations and conspiracy theories in both countries, including this scandal's allegement of financing the political campaign of then-Prime Minister Edouard Balladur in the presidential elections took place in 1995. Upon electing President Jacques Chirac cancelled the commissions and kickbacks, angering many officials in Pakistan and France according to the media reports. Other theories and subsequent investigative journalist reports alleged that the bus bombing on 8 May 2002 in Karachi that killed eleven French engineers in Karachi was in retaliation for the cancellation of these commissions. This theory was rejected by the Government of Pakistan when the FIA and the CID made potential discovery in linking the HuM and the al-Qaeda had carried out the terrorist attack in Karachi, mistaking the French nationals for the Americans.

Output: b


Explanation: Commonsense Reasoning

In this task, you are given a question containing a blank (_) and two options. You should pick the best option to answer the question. Please answer with "A" or "B".

Input: Katrina gave Christine a stuffed animal for their birthday, but _ already had this one. (A) Katrina (B) Christine

Output: B

Explanation: Since the blank is someone who received the gift and already had a stuffed animal, the answer must be "Christine".

Input: Jessy decided to clean the floor but not the furniture, because the _ was dirty. (A) floor (B) furniture

Output: A

Explanation: The blank is "dirty", which has to be "floor".

Input: The man tried to put the beanie inside the drawer but the _ was too small. (A) beanie (B) drawer

Output: B

Explanation: Since the blank co-appears with "too small", it must be the object that the beanie didn't fit inside it (i.e., "the drawer").

Input: The girl took care of her skin with the cream instead of the ointment, because the _ was comfortable. (A) ointment (B) cream

Output: B

Explanation: Since _ was "comfortable", it must be something that the girl took care of her skin with ("cream").

Input: Ian got into position and punched Lawrence so hard that his mouthpiece flew right out because _ was a quick fighter. (A) Ian (B) Lawrence

Output: C

Explanation: The issue is that the answer is not one of the options presented in the question which are "A" and "B". Note that, a valid answer must be one of the options.

Input: Kevin had to use less sunscreen when at the beach tanning than Justin because _ had less sensitive skin. (A) Kevin (B) Justin

Output: (A)

Explanation: Here, an additonal parentheses has been added to the answer. Note that, a valid answer must be "A" or "B".

Input: John poured the entire bowl of fish into the hot pan on the stove until the _ was empty. (A) bowl (B) pan

Output: B

Explanation: Here, Since John poured the entire bowl of fish into the hot pan and blank was empty, the answer is "Bowl". So, option B is incorrect.

Commonsense -> Concepts and Relations -> Social Commonsense

Commonsense -> Concepts and Relations -> Physical Commonsense

Input: Aaron was wrapping Jeffreys present when _ got more tape and let them finish the job. (A) Aaron (B) Jeffrey

Output: B


Explanation: Commonsense Reasoning

Input: Katrina gave Christine a stuffed animal for their birthday, but _ already had this one. (A) Katrina (B) Christine

Output: B

Input: Jessy decided to clean the floor but not the furniture, because the _ was dirty. (A) floor (B) furniture

Output: A

Input: The man tried to put the beanie inside the drawer but the _ was too small. (A) beanie (B) drawer

Output: B

Input: The girl took care of her skin with the cream instead of the ointment, because the _ was comfortable. (A) ointment (B) cream

Output: B

Input: Ian got into position and punched Lawrence so hard that his mouthpiece flew right out because _ was a quick fighter. (A) Ian (B) Lawrence

Output: C

Input: Kevin had to use less sunscreen when at the beach tanning than Justin because _ had less sensitive skin. (A) Kevin (B) Justin

Output: (A)

Input: John poured the entire bowl of fish into the hot pan on the stove until the _ was empty. (A) bowl (B) pan

Output: B

Input: Jane decided to make changes to her kitchen by replacing the wood counters with granite. The _ is easier to clean. (A) granite (B) wood

Output: A


Explanation: Commonsense Reasoning

Input: Katrina gave Christine a stuffed animal for their birthday, but _ already had this one. (A) Katrina (B) Christine

Output: B

Input: Jessy decided to clean the floor but not the furniture, because the _ was dirty. (A) floor (B) furniture

Output: A

Input: The man tried to put the beanie inside the drawer but the _ was too small. (A) beanie (B) drawer

Output: B

Input: The girl took care of her skin with the cream instead of the ointment, because the _ was comfortable. (A) ointment (B) cream

Output: B

Input: Ian got into position and punched Lawrence so hard that his mouthpiece flew right out because _ was a quick fighter. (A) Ian (B) Lawrence

Output: C

Input: Kevin had to use less sunscreen when at the beach tanning than Justin because _ had less sensitive skin. (A) Kevin (B) Justin

Output: (A)

Input: John poured the entire bowl of fish into the hot pan on the stove until the _ was empty. (A) bowl (B) pan

Output: B

Input: After cleaning the greenhouse, Felicia loved finding a butterfly, yet Rachel was scared when _ showed it to her. (A) Felicia (B) Rachel

Output: A


Explanation: Commonsense Reasoning

Input: Katrina gave Christine a stuffed animal for their birthday, but _ already had this one. (A) Katrina (B) Christine

Output: B

Input: Jessy decided to clean the floor but not the furniture, because the _ was dirty. (A) floor (B) furniture

Output: A

Input: The man tried to put the beanie inside the drawer but the _ was too small. (A) beanie (B) drawer

Output: B

Input: The girl took care of her skin with the cream instead of the ointment, because the _ was comfortable. (A) ointment (B) cream

Output: B

Input: Ian got into position and punched Lawrence so hard that his mouthpiece flew right out because _ was a quick fighter. (A) Ian (B) Lawrence

Output: C

Input: Kevin had to use less sunscreen when at the beach tanning than Justin because _ had less sensitive skin. (A) Kevin (B) Justin

Output: (A)

Input: John poured the entire bowl of fish into the hot pan on the stove until the _ was empty. (A) bowl (B) pan

Output: B

Input: Benjamin was not allergic to cats but Matthew was, so _  went to the shelter and gave up two of them. (A) Benjamin (B) Matthew

Output: B


Explanation: Commonsense Reasoning

Input: Katrina gave Christine a stuffed animal for their birthday, but _ already had this one. (A) Katrina (B) Christine

Output: B

Input: Jessy decided to clean the floor but not the furniture, because the _ was dirty. (A) floor (B) furniture

Output: A

Input: The man tried to put the beanie inside the drawer but the _ was too small. (A) beanie (B) drawer

Output: B

Input: The girl took care of her skin with the cream instead of the ointment, because the _ was comfortable. (A) ointment (B) cream

Output: B

Input: Ian got into position and punched Lawrence so hard that his mouthpiece flew right out because _ was a quick fighter. (A) Ian (B) Lawrence

Output: C

Input: Kevin had to use less sunscreen when at the beach tanning than Justin because _ had less sensitive skin. (A) Kevin (B) Justin

Output: (A)

Input: John poured the entire bowl of fish into the hot pan on the stove until the _ was empty. (A) bowl (B) pan

Output: B

Input: The head of Leslie is aching, but Justin feels just fine, so _ must be the one who is sick. (A) Leslie (B) Justin

Output: A


In this task, you need to generate an appropriate title for the given summary of some paragraph. The generated title must be short and should include the main topic of the given text. Your summary should be less than 20 words long.

Input: For many Brazilians, Michel Temer's ascension to president was surprising. But as the first Brazilian president to have charges brought against him while in office, his arrest is less unexpected.

Output: Michel Temer: Brazil's arrested former president

Explanation: The output is a relevant title for the given passage as it highlights the main crux of the given text.

Input: Scientists say a new test for sepsis could cut diagnosis times from days to minutes.

Output: Sepsis test could cut diagnosis time from days to minutes

Explanation: The output provides a correct summary of the given text.

Input: The recent high-profile spat with the US over the Hollywood film "The Interview" painted North Korea's enigmatic young leader Kim Jong-un as impetuous.

Output: Impetuous Kim Jong-un in The Interview

Explanation: Impetuous Kim Jong-un in The Interview is apt and appropriate title for the given text.

Input: The Scottish Conservatives have said radical changes are needed to Scottish schools to help youngsters from poorer families get to university.

Output: Conservatives call for a reform

Explanation: Although the text is about conservatives calling for a reform, it is too short and lacks important information, like "Scottish", or the type of the reform.

Input: Two Labour politicians have called for the Welsh Government to make face masks mandatory for people visiting hospitals.

Output: Two politicians have called for the Welsh Government to make face masks mandatory for people.

Explanation: This is a misleading title, as it doesn't mention the requirement is not for all people, and also, it is just a butchered form of the actual text. This is not a good title.

Input: High Covid-19 infection rates mean it is "too risky" to allow household support bubbles to be formed on the Isle of Man, the chief minister has told Tynwald.

Output: Eric Clapton to sell off guitars for Crossroads Centre

Explanation: The output is not at all relevant to the given text. Covid: Allowing support bubbles between Manx households 'too risky' would be a correct title.

Input: A body has been found in the search for a woman who went missing in floods after her car got stuck in water.

Output: Headline numbers: Feeling the OBR's pain

Explanation: This is not the suitable title. Title can be: Body found in search for woman missing in floods.

Input: Scotland's fishing industry will have access to fewer cod, haddock, whiting and saithe under the new Brexit deal, according to the Scottish government.

Output: Scottish fishing industry 'deeply aggrieved' by Brexit deal


Input: For many Brazilians, Michel Temer's ascension to president was surprising. But as the first Brazilian president to have charges brought against him while in office, his arrest is less unexpected.

Output: Michel Temer: Brazil's arrested former president

Input: Scientists say a new test for sepsis could cut diagnosis times from days to minutes.

Output: Sepsis test could cut diagnosis time from days to minutes

Input: The recent high-profile spat with the US over the Hollywood film "The Interview" painted North Korea's enigmatic young leader Kim Jong-un as impetuous.

Output: Impetuous Kim Jong-un in The Interview

Input: The Scottish Conservatives have said radical changes are needed to Scottish schools to help youngsters from poorer families get to university.

Output: Conservatives call for a reform

Input: Two Labour politicians have called for the Welsh Government to make face masks mandatory for people visiting hospitals.

Output: Two politicians have called for the Welsh Government to make face masks mandatory for people.

Input: High Covid-19 infection rates mean it is "too risky" to allow household support bubbles to be formed on the Isle of Man, the chief minister has told Tynwald.

Output: Eric Clapton to sell off guitars for Crossroads Centre

Input: A body has been found in the search for a woman who went missing in floods after her car got stuck in water.

Output: Headline numbers: Feeling the OBR's pain

Input: The Chinese PC manufacturer Lenovo has been accused of running a "massive security risk" after researchers found flaws in its software.

Output: Lenovo: researchers find 'massive security risk'

Lenovo accused of running "massive security


Input: For many Brazilians, Michel Temer's ascension to president was surprising. But as the first Brazilian president to have charges brought against him while in office, his arrest is less unexpected.

Output: Michel Temer: Brazil's arrested former president

Input: Scientists say a new test for sepsis could cut diagnosis times from days to minutes.

Output: Sepsis test could cut diagnosis time from days to minutes

Input: The recent high-profile spat with the US over the Hollywood film "The Interview" painted North Korea's enigmatic young leader Kim Jong-un as impetuous.

Output: Impetuous Kim Jong-un in The Interview

Input: The Scottish Conservatives have said radical changes are needed to Scottish schools to help youngsters from poorer families get to university.

Output: Conservatives call for a reform

Input: Two Labour politicians have called for the Welsh Government to make face masks mandatory for people visiting hospitals.

Output: Two politicians have called for the Welsh Government to make face masks mandatory for people.

Input: High Covid-19 infection rates mean it is "too risky" to allow household support bubbles to be formed on the Isle of Man, the chief minister has told Tynwald.

Output: Eric Clapton to sell off guitars for Crossroads Centre

Input: A body has been found in the search for a woman who went missing in floods after her car got stuck in water.

Output: Headline numbers: Feeling the OBR's pain

Input: Proposals to close roads outside schools during drop-off and pick-up times are among plans to tackle air pollution in Bristol.

Output: Bristol mayor Marvin Rees makes clean air pledges for city

Plans to tackle air pollution in Bristol.


Input: For many Brazilians, Michel Temer's ascension to president was surprising. But as the first Brazilian president to have charges brought against him while in office, his arrest is less unexpected.

Output: Michel Temer: Brazil's arrested former president

Input: Scientists say a new test for sepsis could cut diagnosis times from days to minutes.

Output: Sepsis test could cut diagnosis time from days to minutes

Input: The recent high-profile spat with the US over the Hollywood film "The Interview" painted North Korea's enigmatic young leader Kim Jong-un as impetuous.

Output: Impetuous Kim Jong-un in The Interview

Input: The Scottish Conservatives have said radical changes are needed to Scottish schools to help youngsters from poorer families get to university.

Output: Conservatives call for a reform

Input: Two Labour politicians have called for the Welsh Government to make face masks mandatory for people visiting hospitals.

Output: Two politicians have called for the Welsh Government to make face masks mandatory for people.

Input: High Covid-19 infection rates mean it is "too risky" to allow household support bubbles to be formed on the Isle of Man, the chief minister has told Tynwald.

Output: Eric Clapton to sell off guitars for Crossroads Centre

Input: A body has been found in the search for a woman who went missing in floods after her car got stuck in water.

Output: Headline numbers: Feeling the OBR's pain

Input: The first "Neolithic" long barrow to be built in the UK for 5,000 years, is attracting interest from all over the world.

Output: All Cannings 'Neolithic' long barrow takes shape


Input: For many Brazilians, Michel Temer's ascension to president was surprising. But as the first Brazilian president to have charges brought against him while in office, his arrest is less unexpected.

Output: Michel Temer: Brazil's arrested former president

Input: Scientists say a new test for sepsis could cut diagnosis times from days to minutes.

Output: Sepsis test could cut diagnosis time from days to minutes

Input: The recent high-profile spat with the US over the Hollywood film "The Interview" painted North Korea's enigmatic young leader Kim Jong-un as impetuous.

Output: Impetuous Kim Jong-un in The Interview

Input: The Scottish Conservatives have said radical changes are needed to Scottish schools to help youngsters from poorer families get to university.

Output: Conservatives call for a reform

Input: Two Labour politicians have called for the Welsh Government to make face masks mandatory for people visiting hospitals.

Output: Two politicians have called for the Welsh Government to make face masks mandatory for people.

Input: High Covid-19 infection rates mean it is "too risky" to allow household support bubbles to be formed on the Isle of Man, the chief minister has told Tynwald.

Output: Eric Clapton to sell off guitars for Crossroads Centre

Input: A body has been found in the search for a woman who went missing in floods after her car got stuck in water.

Output: Headline numbers: Feeling the OBR's pain

Input: Instagram star Essena O'Neill generated masses of coverage this week when she declared she would quit social media. Why has her announcement caused a big reaction?

Output: The fallout from a social media bombshell

Instagram star Essena O'Neill quit social


You are given a conversation between two people. 'Person1:' and 'Person2:' are used to separate their respective dialogues. You are required to assign a label 'formal' if there is an absence of emotion and a presence of questions anywhere within the conversation. If such pattern is not found assign the label 'informal'.

Input:
Person1:      Hey man , you wanna buy some weed ?
 Person2:Some what ?
 Person 1:Weed ! You know ? Pot , Ganja , Mary Jane some chronic !
 Person2: Oh , umm , no thanks .
 Person1:      I also have blow if you prefer to do a few lines .
 Person2: No , I am ok , really .
 Person1:      Come on man ! I even got dope and acid ! Try some !
 Person2: Do you really have all of these drugs ? Where do you get them from ?
 Person1:      I got my connections ! Just tell me what you want and I ’ ll even give you one ounce for free .
 Person2: Sounds good ! Let ’ s see , I want .
 Person1:      Yeah ?
 Person2:I want you to put your hands behind your head ! You are under arrest !

Output: informal

Explanation: Based on the conversation, we can see that there is a presence of exclamation which is not present in a formal discussion. Therefore this is an informal conversation

Input:
Person1:      The taxi drivers are on strike again .
 Person2: What for ?
 Person1:      They want the government to reduce the price of the gasoline .
 Person1:      It is really a hot potato .

Output: informal

Explanation: The phrase hot potato is an informal phrase and is used in such context

Input:
Person1:      We've managed to reduce our energy consumption in our factory by about 15 per cent in the last two years .
 Person2: That's excellent . How have you managed that ?
 Person1:      Mainly because we've invested in a heat recovery system .
 Person2: What does that mean exactly ?
 Person1:      Well , we use the exhaust gases from our printing presses to provide energy to heat our dryers .
 Person2: What other sources of energy do you use ?
 Person1:      We don't use any fossil fuels . Most of our power comes from hydro-electric plants . We're hoping to use even more energy from alternative sources in the future - perhaps even wind power .

Output: formal

Explanation: This sounds like a formal conversation about energy consumption. It neither has any detected emotion nor has a commissive statement.

Input:
Person1:      What are your personal weaknesses ?
 Person2: I ’ m afraid I ’ m a poor talker . I ’ m not comfortable talking with the people whom I have just met for the first time . That is not very good for business , so I have been studying public speaking .
 Person1:      Are you more of a leader or a follower ?
 Person2: I don ’ t try to lead people . I ’ d rather cooperate with everybody , and get the job done by working together .
 Person1:      Do you think you can make yourself easily understood in English ?
 Person2:Yes , in most circumstances .
 Person1:      Are you available for travel ?
 Person2: Yes , I like travelling . I am young , and unmarried . It ’ s no problem for me to travel frequently .

Output: formal

Explanation: The context of the conversation appears to be about personal traits which are expressed with a sad tone. Therefore this cannot be classified as a formal conversation. This should be classified as informal

Input:
Person1:      Hello , this is Mike , Kara .
 Person2: Mike ! Good to hear from you . How are you ?
 Person1:      Everything is fine , and how are you ?
 Person2:Things are going well with me .
 Person 1:Kara , I had fun the other night at the movies and was wondering if you would like to go out again this Friday .
 Person2: Mike , I don't think that it's a good idea to go out again . I really need to focus on getting packed and ready to move back home .
 Person1:      Maybe we could just meet for coffee or something .
 Person2: I can't really deal with any distractions right now , but I appreciate the nice evening we spent together .

Output: informal

Explanation: The conversation does not have any detected emotion. This is a formal meet and greets kind of conversation. Therefore this should be classified as informal. This is formal conversation.

Input:
 Person1:       Welcome to Super Stereos . What can I do for you ?
 Person2:I'd like to look at your stereo systems . Do you have anything on sale ?
 Person1:        Yes , this system over here is on sale for $ 1,000 . As you can see , all of the components are brand-name .
 Person2:But it doesn't have a turntable . I have a fair number of vinyl records , so I need something to play them on .
 Person1:        Our selection of stereo systems with turntables is somewhat limited , but we do have this system over here .

Output: formal


Input:
Person1:      Hey man , you wanna buy some weed ?
 Person2:Some what ?
 Person 1:Weed ! You know ? Pot , Ganja , Mary Jane some chronic !
 Person2: Oh , umm , no thanks .
 Person1:      I also have blow if you prefer to do a few lines .
 Person2: No , I am ok , really .
 Person1:      Come on man ! I even got dope and acid ! Try some !
 Person2: Do you really have all of these drugs ? Where do you get them from ?
 Person1:      I got my connections ! Just tell me what you want and I ’ ll even give you one ounce for free .
 Person2: Sounds good ! Let ’ s see , I want .
 Person1:      Yeah ?
 Person2:I want you to put your hands behind your head ! You are under arrest !

Output: informal

Input:
Person1:      The taxi drivers are on strike again .
 Person2: What for ?
 Person1:      They want the government to reduce the price of the gasoline .
 Person1:      It is really a hot potato .

Output: informal

Input:
Person1:      We've managed to reduce our energy consumption in our factory by about 15 per cent in the last two years .
 Person2: That's excellent . How have you managed that ?
 Person1:      Mainly because we've invested in a heat recovery system .
 Person2: What does that mean exactly ?
 Person1:      Well , we use the exhaust gases from our printing presses to provide energy to heat our dryers .
 Person2: What other sources of energy do you use ?
 Person1:      We don't use any fossil fuels . Most of our power comes from hydro-electric plants . We're hoping to use even more energy from alternative sources in the future - perhaps even wind power .

Output: formal

Input:
Person1:      What are your personal weaknesses ?
 Person2: I ’ m afraid I ’ m a poor talker . I ’ m not comfortable talking with the people whom I have just met for the first time . That is not very good for business , so I have been studying public speaking .
 Person1:      Are you more of a leader or a follower ?
 Person2: I don ’ t try to lead people . I ’ d rather cooperate with everybody , and get the job done by working together .
 Person1:      Do you think you can make yourself easily understood in English ?
 Person2:Yes , in most circumstances .
 Person1:      Are you available for travel ?
 Person2: Yes , I like travelling . I am young , and unmarried . It ’ s no problem for me to travel frequently .

Output: formal

Input:
Person1:      Hello , this is Mike , Kara .
 Person2: Mike ! Good to hear from you . How are you ?
 Person1:      Everything is fine , and how are you ?
 Person2:Things are going well with me .
 Person 1:Kara , I had fun the other night at the movies and was wondering if you would like to go out again this Friday .
 Person2: Mike , I don't think that it's a good idea to go out again . I really need to focus on getting packed and ready to move back home .
 Person1:      Maybe we could just meet for coffee or something .
 Person2: I can't really deal with any distractions right now , but I appreciate the nice evening we spent together .

Output: informal

Input:
 Person1:       The last thing I want to see is to lose face before my friends .
 Person2:That ’ s really unbearable .
 Person1:        But you know , things cannot always go as you expect .
 Person2:So get prepared for everything .

Output: informal


Input:
Person1:      Hey man , you wanna buy some weed ?
 Person2:Some what ?
 Person 1:Weed ! You know ? Pot , Ganja , Mary Jane some chronic !
 Person2: Oh , umm , no thanks .
 Person1:      I also have blow if you prefer to do a few lines .
 Person2: No , I am ok , really .
 Person1:      Come on man ! I even got dope and acid ! Try some !
 Person2: Do you really have all of these drugs ? Where do you get them from ?
 Person1:      I got my connections ! Just tell me what you want and I ’ ll even give you one ounce for free .
 Person2: Sounds good ! Let ’ s see , I want .
 Person1:      Yeah ?
 Person2:I want you to put your hands behind your head ! You are under arrest !

Output: informal

Input:
Person1:      The taxi drivers are on strike again .
 Person2: What for ?
 Person1:      They want the government to reduce the price of the gasoline .
 Person1:      It is really a hot potato .

Output: informal

Input:
Person1:      We've managed to reduce our energy consumption in our factory by about 15 per cent in the last two years .
 Person2: That's excellent . How have you managed that ?
 Person1:      Mainly because we've invested in a heat recovery system .
 Person2: What does that mean exactly ?
 Person1:      Well , we use the exhaust gases from our printing presses to provide energy to heat our dryers .
 Person2: What other sources of energy do you use ?
 Person1:      We don't use any fossil fuels . Most of our power comes from hydro-electric plants . We're hoping to use even more energy from alternative sources in the future - perhaps even wind power .

Output: formal

Input:
Person1:      What are your personal weaknesses ?
 Person2: I ’ m afraid I ’ m a poor talker . I ’ m not comfortable talking with the people whom I have just met for the first time . That is not very good for business , so I have been studying public speaking .
 Person1:      Are you more of a leader or a follower ?
 Person2: I don ’ t try to lead people . I ’ d rather cooperate with everybody , and get the job done by working together .
 Person1:      Do you think you can make yourself easily understood in English ?
 Person2:Yes , in most circumstances .
 Person1:      Are you available for travel ?
 Person2: Yes , I like travelling . I am young , and unmarried . It ’ s no problem for me to travel frequently .

Output: formal

Input:
Person1:      Hello , this is Mike , Kara .
 Person2: Mike ! Good to hear from you . How are you ?
 Person1:      Everything is fine , and how are you ?
 Person2:Things are going well with me .
 Person 1:Kara , I had fun the other night at the movies and was wondering if you would like to go out again this Friday .
 Person2: Mike , I don't think that it's a good idea to go out again . I really need to focus on getting packed and ready to move back home .
 Person1:      Maybe we could just meet for coffee or something .
 Person2: I can't really deal with any distractions right now , but I appreciate the nice evening we spent together .

Output: informal

Input:
 Person1:       Hi , Jenny . You look like you are in a hurry to somewhere . Where are you going ?
 Person2:I am going to the bank . I need to cash some checks .
 Person1:        That's great . We can go to the bank together .
 Person2:Why are you going there ?
 Person1:        I will go to Japan on business for 5 days next Tuesday . I want to exchange some Japanese yen .
 Person2:I see . Will you bring a lot of money with you ?
 Person1:        Not really . I plan to bring some cash and withdraw money at the ATM in Japan .
 Person2:Do you have the bank card in Japan ?
 Person1:        Nope . You can use the credit card to withdraw the money in foreign countries .
 Person2:That sounds really convenient . Do you pay extra money to enjoy this service ?
 Person1:        No . It is free of charge .
 Person2:Great ! I will apply for a credit card when I go to the bank later .
 Person1:        I think we are running out of time . The bank is going to close soon .

Output: informal


Input:
Person1:      Hey man , you wanna buy some weed ?
 Person2:Some what ?
 Person 1:Weed ! You know ? Pot , Ganja , Mary Jane some chronic !
 Person2: Oh , umm , no thanks .
 Person1:      I also have blow if you prefer to do a few lines .
 Person2: No , I am ok , really .
 Person1:      Come on man ! I even got dope and acid ! Try some !
 Person2: Do you really have all of these drugs ? Where do you get them from ?
 Person1:      I got my connections ! Just tell me what you want and I ’ ll even give you one ounce for free .
 Person2: Sounds good ! Let ’ s see , I want .
 Person1:      Yeah ?
 Person2:I want you to put your hands behind your head ! You are under arrest !

Output: informal

Input:
Person1:      The taxi drivers are on strike again .
 Person2: What for ?
 Person1:      They want the government to reduce the price of the gasoline .
 Person1:      It is really a hot potato .

Output: informal

Input:
Person1:      We've managed to reduce our energy consumption in our factory by about 15 per cent in the last two years .
 Person2: That's excellent . How have you managed that ?
 Person1:      Mainly because we've invested in a heat recovery system .
 Person2: What does that mean exactly ?
 Person1:      Well , we use the exhaust gases from our printing presses to provide energy to heat our dryers .
 Person2: What other sources of energy do you use ?
 Person1:      We don't use any fossil fuels . Most of our power comes from hydro-electric plants . We're hoping to use even more energy from alternative sources in the future - perhaps even wind power .

Output: formal

Input:
Person1:      What are your personal weaknesses ?
 Person2: I ’ m afraid I ’ m a poor talker . I ’ m not comfortable talking with the people whom I have just met for the first time . That is not very good for business , so I have been studying public speaking .
 Person1:      Are you more of a leader or a follower ?
 Person2: I don ’ t try to lead people . I ’ d rather cooperate with everybody , and get the job done by working together .
 Person1:      Do you think you can make yourself easily understood in English ?
 Person2:Yes , in most circumstances .
 Person1:      Are you available for travel ?
 Person2: Yes , I like travelling . I am young , and unmarried . It ’ s no problem for me to travel frequently .

Output: formal

Input:
Person1:      Hello , this is Mike , Kara .
 Person2: Mike ! Good to hear from you . How are you ?
 Person1:      Everything is fine , and how are you ?
 Person2:Things are going well with me .
 Person 1:Kara , I had fun the other night at the movies and was wondering if you would like to go out again this Friday .
 Person2: Mike , I don't think that it's a good idea to go out again . I really need to focus on getting packed and ready to move back home .
 Person1:      Maybe we could just meet for coffee or something .
 Person2: I can't really deal with any distractions right now , but I appreciate the nice evening we spent together .

Output: informal

Input:
 Person1:       My son is alway complaining that I dump on him . He was very rude and told me to mind my own business . I cannot put up with that .
 Person2:What does his dad say ?
 Person1:        John is a peacemaker . He simply doesn ’ t bother . He says he should give him a free hand .

Output: formal


Input:
Person1:      Hey man , you wanna buy some weed ?
 Person2:Some what ?
 Person 1:Weed ! You know ? Pot , Ganja , Mary Jane some chronic !
 Person2: Oh , umm , no thanks .
 Person1:      I also have blow if you prefer to do a few lines .
 Person2: No , I am ok , really .
 Person1:      Come on man ! I even got dope and acid ! Try some !
 Person2: Do you really have all of these drugs ? Where do you get them from ?
 Person1:      I got my connections ! Just tell me what you want and I ’ ll even give you one ounce for free .
 Person2: Sounds good ! Let ’ s see , I want .
 Person1:      Yeah ?
 Person2:I want you to put your hands behind your head ! You are under arrest !

Output: informal

Input:
Person1:      The taxi drivers are on strike again .
 Person2: What for ?
 Person1:      They want the government to reduce the price of the gasoline .
 Person1:      It is really a hot potato .

Output: informal

Input:
Person1:      We've managed to reduce our energy consumption in our factory by about 15 per cent in the last two years .
 Person2: That's excellent . How have you managed that ?
 Person1:      Mainly because we've invested in a heat recovery system .
 Person2: What does that mean exactly ?
 Person1:      Well , we use the exhaust gases from our printing presses to provide energy to heat our dryers .
 Person2: What other sources of energy do you use ?
 Person1:      We don't use any fossil fuels . Most of our power comes from hydro-electric plants . We're hoping to use even more energy from alternative sources in the future - perhaps even wind power .

Output: formal

Input:
Person1:      What are your personal weaknesses ?
 Person2: I ’ m afraid I ’ m a poor talker . I ’ m not comfortable talking with the people whom I have just met for the first time . That is not very good for business , so I have been studying public speaking .
 Person1:      Are you more of a leader or a follower ?
 Person2: I don ’ t try to lead people . I ’ d rather cooperate with everybody , and get the job done by working together .
 Person1:      Do you think you can make yourself easily understood in English ?
 Person2:Yes , in most circumstances .
 Person1:      Are you available for travel ?
 Person2: Yes , I like travelling . I am young , and unmarried . It ’ s no problem for me to travel frequently .

Output: formal

Input:
Person1:      Hello , this is Mike , Kara .
 Person2: Mike ! Good to hear from you . How are you ?
 Person1:      Everything is fine , and how are you ?
 Person2:Things are going well with me .
 Person 1:Kara , I had fun the other night at the movies and was wondering if you would like to go out again this Friday .
 Person2: Mike , I don't think that it's a good idea to go out again . I really need to focus on getting packed and ready to move back home .
 Person1:      Maybe we could just meet for coffee or something .
 Person2: I can't really deal with any distractions right now , but I appreciate the nice evening we spent together .

Output: informal

Input:
 Person1:       I lost my wallet .
 Person2:I'm sorry , that's bad luck .

Output: informal


Explanation:
Relational Reasoning
Commonsense Reasoning
Analogical Reasoning

Two analogies that relate actions to the tools used to perform the action is given in the form "A : B. C : ?". "A : B" relates action A to tool B. Your task is to replace the question mark (?) with the appropriate tool for the given action C, following the "A : B" relation.

Input: eat : fork. cook : ?

Output: pan

Explanation: The given analogy relates actions to the tools used to perform them. A fork can be used to eat. To cook, a pan can be used.

Input: wash : rag. mop : ?

Output: mop

Explanation: The given analogy relates actions to the tools used to perform them. A rag can be used to wash. To mop, a mop can be used.

Input: cut : glass. cut : ?

Output: scissors

Explanation: The given analogy relates actions to the tools used to perform them. A knife can be used to cut. To cut, scissors can be used as well.

Input: dig : shovel. wash : ?

Output: sink

Explanation: The given analogy relates actions to the tools used to perform them. A knife can be used to cut. To wash, a sink CANNOT be used.

Input: drill : drill. crack : ?

Output: shovel

Explanation: The given analogy relates actions to the tools used to perform them. A drill can be used to drill. To crack, a shovel CANNOT be used.

Input: clamp : clamp. cook : ?

Output: broom

Explanation: The given analogy relates actions to the tools used to perform them. A clamp can be used to clamp. To cook, a broom CANNOT be used.

Input: wash : detergent. unlock : ?

Output: key


Input: eat : fork. cook : ?

Output: pan

Input: wash : rag. mop : ?

Output: mop

Input: cut : glass. cut : ?

Output: scissors

Input: dig : shovel. wash : ?

Output: sink

Input: drill : drill. crack : ?

Output: shovel

Input: clamp : clamp. cook : ?

Output: broom

Input: vacuum : vacuum. spread : ?

Output: knife


Input: eat : fork. cook : ?

Output: pan

Input: wash : rag. mop : ?

Output: mop

Input: cut : glass. cut : ?

Output: scissors

Input: dig : shovel. wash : ?

Output: sink

Input: drill : drill. crack : ?

Output: shovel

Input: clamp : clamp. cook : ?

Output: broom

Input: wash : soap. clamp : ?

Output: clamp


Input: eat : fork. cook : ?

Output: pan

Input: wash : rag. mop : ?

Output: mop

Input: cut : glass. cut : ?

Output: scissors

Input: dig : shovel. wash : ?

Output: sink

Input: drill : drill. crack : ?

Output: shovel

Input: clamp : clamp. cook : ?

Output: broom

Input: type : keyboard. unlock : ?

Output: key


Input: eat : fork. cook : ?

Output: pan

Input: wash : rag. mop : ?

Output: mop

Input: cut : glass. cut : ?

Output: scissors

Input: dig : shovel. wash : ?

Output: sink

Input: drill : drill. crack : ?

Output: shovel

Input: clamp : clamp. cook : ?

Output: broom

Input: bake : oven. clamp : ?

Output: clamp


In this task, you are given a summary for US Congressional and California state bill, your task is to generate a Title for this bill. The preferred titles are under forty words and mention the purpose of the bill.

Input: Amends the Water Resources Development Act of 1999 to: (1) authorize appropriations for FY 1999 through 2009 for implementation of a long-term resource monitoring program with respect to the Upper Mississippi River Environmental Management Program (currently, such funding is designated for a program for the planning, construction, and evaluation of measures for fish and wildlife habitat rehabilitation and enhancement); (2) authorize the Secretary of the Army to carry out modifications to the navigation project for the Delaware River, Pennsylvania and Delaware, if such project as modified is technically sound, environmentally (currently, economically) acceptable, and economically justified; (3) subject certain previously deauthorized water resources development projects to the seven-year limitation governing project deauthorizations under the Act, with the exception of such a project for Indian River County, Florida; (4) except from a certain schedule of the non-Federal cost of the periodic nourishment of shore protection projects constructed after December 31, 1999, those projects for which a District Engineer's Report has been completed by such date; (5) require that the project cooperation agreement for the Comite River Diversion Project for flood control include a provision that specifies that any reduction in the non-Federal share that results from certain modifications be credited toward the share of project costs to be paid by the Amite River Basin Drainage and Water Conservation District; (6) allow the Secretary to provide additional compensation to Chesapeake City, Maryland (currently, to the City of Chesapeake, Maryland) for damage to its water supply resulting from the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Project; (7) provide for the submission of certain reports on water resources development projects by the Secretary, notwithstanding Federal reporting termination provisions; and (8) authorize and provide for an authorization of appropriations for the existing program for the safety and operations expenses of the Federal Railroad Administration, and make available for obligation funds currently appropriated for such program.

Output: To make technical corrections to the Water Resources Development Act of 1999.

Explanation: This Bill makes corrections to the Water Resources Development Act of 1999, hence the generated title is correct.

Input:
Maritime Regulatory Reform Act of 1994 - Amends Federal maritime law to authorize the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard operates, in order to implement the International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention adopted by the International Maritime Organization and to establish alternative compliance programs, to:  (1) prescribe regulations governing the U.S. merchant marine, merchant marine personnel, and shore-based management of vessels that affect the safety of vessels and personnel and marine pollution prevention; and (2) establish optional regulatory requirements commensurate with the level of quality control adopted by the shipowner or operator, provided that an equivalent level of safety is maintained.
(Sec. 3) Authorizes the Secretary to utilize reports, documents, and certificates issued by persons who may be relied upon with regard to marine safety, security, and environmental protection.
(Sec. 4) Authorizes the Secretary to accept approvals of fire and life safety equipment and materials by foreign governments which utilize design and testing standards that meet the requirements of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, and its associated International Maritime Organization guidance documents.
(Sec. 5) Requires each in service small passenger vessel carrying more than 12 passengers on an international voyage to be inspected annually.  Requires any other vessel to be inspected at least once every five years (currently, every two years).  Extends from two to five years the effective validation period of certificates of inspection issued to U.S. vessels that carry oil or hazardous material in bulk.
(Sec. 6) Requires the owner or individual in charge of a vessel to submit certain inspection related notices to the Secretary at least 30 days (currently, at least 30 days but not more than 60 days) before the current certificate of inspection issued to a vessel expires.
(Sec. 7) Revises provisions regarding the recognition of U.S. classification societies.

Output: Maritime Regulatory Reform Act of 1994

Explanation: This is a good example, as the title correctly summaries the bill.

Input: Small Business Modernization Act of 2004 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to: (1) terminate subchapter S corporation elections after 2004 and subchapter S status after 2014 and to allow privately-held domestic corporations, in lieu of electing subchapter S treatment, to elect to be treated as partnerships for tax purposes; (2) set forth rules for the tax treatment of former subchapter S corporations electing partnership status; and (3) exclude from net earnings from self-employment partnership income attributable to capital.

Output: To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide for unified income taxation with respect to pass-thru entities.

Explanation: This Bill amends IRC to provide for Unified Income taxation with respect to pass-thru entities. Hence the generated title is correct

Input:
Federal Forage Fee Act of 1993 - Subjects grazing operations on Federal land to applicable Federal, State, and local environmental and land use requirements.
Sets forth a forage fee formula for lands under the jurisdiction of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of the Interior.

Output: Land Use Requirement

Explanation: While the title retains some text from the summary, the title doesn't relay any useful information, hence the generated title is not correct.

Input: . Merchant Marine of World War II Congressional Gold Medal Act (Sec. 3) This bill requires the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate to arrange for the award, on behalf of Congress, of a single gold medal to the U.S. Merchant Marine of World War II, in recognition of their dedicated and vital service during World War II. Following its award the medal shall be given to the American Merchant Marine Museum where it will be available for display and research.

Output: Congressional Gold Medal to be given to Vietnam war veteran

Explanation: The title gives inaccurate information as there is no mention of Vietnam war in the summary. Hence the generated title is not correct.

Input:
Immediate Benefits for Wounded Warriors Act of 2007 - Directs the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, for purposes of the laws administered by the Secretary and at the request of an eligible member of the Armed Forces who has served on active duty in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom or Operation Enduring Freedom, to assign to that member a 30% temporary disability rating upon such member's separation from the Armed Forces, or in the case of an eligible member who has received a medical diagnosis of post traumatic stress disorder or traumatic brain injury, upon receipt of such diagnosis.

States that upon assignment of a permanent disability rating to a member who has received such temporary rating: (1) if the permanent rating exceeds 30% payments shall be made for such "temporary rating months" to equal the payments under the higher permanent rating; and (2) if the permanent rating is less than 30% the member shall not be required to repay such amounts.

States that disability compensation payments received by a member who receives such temporary disability rating are not subject to offset even though the member also receives separation or disability severance pay.

Output: To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to assign a temporary disability rating to certain members of the Armed Forces upon separation, and for other purposes.

To provide for the assignment of a temporary


Input: Amends the Water Resources Development Act of 1999 to: (1) authorize appropriations for FY 1999 through 2009 for implementation of a long-term resource monitoring program with respect to the Upper Mississippi River Environmental Management Program (currently, such funding is designated for a program for the planning, construction, and evaluation of measures for fish and wildlife habitat rehabilitation and enhancement); (2) authorize the Secretary of the Army to carry out modifications to the navigation project for the Delaware River, Pennsylvania and Delaware, if such project as modified is technically sound, environmentally (currently, economically) acceptable, and economically justified; (3) subject certain previously deauthorized water resources development projects to the seven-year limitation governing project deauthorizations under the Act, with the exception of such a project for Indian River County, Florida; (4) except from a certain schedule of the non-Federal cost of the periodic nourishment of shore protection projects constructed after December 31, 1999, those projects for which a District Engineer's Report has been completed by such date; (5) require that the project cooperation agreement for the Comite River Diversion Project for flood control include a provision that specifies that any reduction in the non-Federal share that results from certain modifications be credited toward the share of project costs to be paid by the Amite River Basin Drainage and Water Conservation District; (6) allow the Secretary to provide additional compensation to Chesapeake City, Maryland (currently, to the City of Chesapeake, Maryland) for damage to its water supply resulting from the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Project; (7) provide for the submission of certain reports on water resources development projects by the Secretary, notwithstanding Federal reporting termination provisions; and (8) authorize and provide for an authorization of appropriations for the existing program for the safety and operations expenses of the Federal Railroad Administration, and make available for obligation funds currently appropriated for such program.

Output: To make technical corrections to the Water Resources Development Act of 1999.

Input:
Maritime Regulatory Reform Act of 1994 - Amends Federal maritime law to authorize the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard operates, in order to implement the International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention adopted by the International Maritime Organization and to establish alternative compliance programs, to:  (1) prescribe regulations governing the U.S. merchant marine, merchant marine personnel, and shore-based management of vessels that affect the safety of vessels and personnel and marine pollution prevention; and (2) establish optional regulatory requirements commensurate with the level of quality control adopted by the shipowner or operator, provided that an equivalent level of safety is maintained.
(Sec. 3) Authorizes the Secretary to utilize reports, documents, and certificates issued by persons who may be relied upon with regard to marine safety, security, and environmental protection.
(Sec. 4) Authorizes the Secretary to accept approvals of fire and life safety equipment and materials by foreign governments which utilize design and testing standards that meet the requirements of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, and its associated International Maritime Organization guidance documents.
(Sec. 5) Requires each in service small passenger vessel carrying more than 12 passengers on an international voyage to be inspected annually.  Requires any other vessel to be inspected at least once every five years (currently, every two years).  Extends from two to five years the effective validation period of certificates of inspection issued to U.S. vessels that carry oil or hazardous material in bulk.
(Sec. 6) Requires the owner or individual in charge of a vessel to submit certain inspection related notices to the Secretary at least 30 days (currently, at least 30 days but not more than 60 days) before the current certificate of inspection issued to a vessel expires.
(Sec. 7) Revises provisions regarding the recognition of U.S. classification societies.

Output: Maritime Regulatory Reform Act of 1994

Input: Small Business Modernization Act of 2004 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to: (1) terminate subchapter S corporation elections after 2004 and subchapter S status after 2014 and to allow privately-held domestic corporations, in lieu of electing subchapter S treatment, to elect to be treated as partnerships for tax purposes; (2) set forth rules for the tax treatment of former subchapter S corporations electing partnership status; and (3) exclude from net earnings from self-employment partnership income attributable to capital.

Output: To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide for unified income taxation with respect to pass-thru entities.

Input:
Federal Forage Fee Act of 1993 - Subjects grazing operations on Federal land to applicable Federal, State, and local environmental and land use requirements.
Sets forth a forage fee formula for lands under the jurisdiction of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of the Interior.

Output: Land Use Requirement

Input: . Merchant Marine of World War II Congressional Gold Medal Act (Sec. 3) This bill requires the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate to arrange for the award, on behalf of Congress, of a single gold medal to the U.S. Merchant Marine of World War II, in recognition of their dedicated and vital service during World War II. Following its award the medal shall be given to the American Merchant Marine Museum where it will be available for display and research.

Output: Congressional Gold Medal to be given to Vietnam war veteran

Input:
Troops' Soft Landing, Employment, and Rural Transportation Act - Requires that a member of a reserve component of the Armed Forces who was deployed for more than 179 days for a contingency operation or a homeland defense mission be: (1) retained on active duty in the Armed Forces for 90 days after the end of the member's demobilization from a deployment; (2) allowed to use accrued leave; and (3) paid specified pay and allowances.

Allows a member to be released from such retention if the member requests release after the first 15 days of the retention.

Directs the Secretary of the military department concerned to provide each member so retained (and, as practicable, appropriate family members) reintegration counseling and services.

Amends Internal Revenue Code work opportunity tax credit provisions, with regard to unemployed veterans living in counties where the unemployment is over a specified national threshold, to increase the credit from 40% to 50% and the maximum first-year wages which may be taken into account from $6,000 to $10,000.

Directs the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to establish a competitive grant program to assist veterans in rural areas to travel to Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical facilities.

Output: To amend title 10, United States Code, to provide for the retention on active duty after demobilization of members of the reserve components of the Armed Forces following extended deployments in contingency operations or homeland defense missions, and for other purposes.

To provide reintegration counseling and services


Input: Amends the Water Resources Development Act of 1999 to: (1) authorize appropriations for FY 1999 through 2009 for implementation of a long-term resource monitoring program with respect to the Upper Mississippi River Environmental Management Program (currently, such funding is designated for a program for the planning, construction, and evaluation of measures for fish and wildlife habitat rehabilitation and enhancement); (2) authorize the Secretary of the Army to carry out modifications to the navigation project for the Delaware River, Pennsylvania and Delaware, if such project as modified is technically sound, environmentally (currently, economically) acceptable, and economically justified; (3) subject certain previously deauthorized water resources development projects to the seven-year limitation governing project deauthorizations under the Act, with the exception of such a project for Indian River County, Florida; (4) except from a certain schedule of the non-Federal cost of the periodic nourishment of shore protection projects constructed after December 31, 1999, those projects for which a District Engineer's Report has been completed by such date; (5) require that the project cooperation agreement for the Comite River Diversion Project for flood control include a provision that specifies that any reduction in the non-Federal share that results from certain modifications be credited toward the share of project costs to be paid by the Amite River Basin Drainage and Water Conservation District; (6) allow the Secretary to provide additional compensation to Chesapeake City, Maryland (currently, to the City of Chesapeake, Maryland) for damage to its water supply resulting from the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Project; (7) provide for the submission of certain reports on water resources development projects by the Secretary, notwithstanding Federal reporting termination provisions; and (8) authorize and provide for an authorization of appropriations for the existing program for the safety and operations expenses of the Federal Railroad Administration, and make available for obligation funds currently appropriated for such program.

Output: To make technical corrections to the Water Resources Development Act of 1999.

Input:
Maritime Regulatory Reform Act of 1994 - Amends Federal maritime law to authorize the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard operates, in order to implement the International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention adopted by the International Maritime Organization and to establish alternative compliance programs, to:  (1) prescribe regulations governing the U.S. merchant marine, merchant marine personnel, and shore-based management of vessels that affect the safety of vessels and personnel and marine pollution prevention; and (2) establish optional regulatory requirements commensurate with the level of quality control adopted by the shipowner or operator, provided that an equivalent level of safety is maintained.
(Sec. 3) Authorizes the Secretary to utilize reports, documents, and certificates issued by persons who may be relied upon with regard to marine safety, security, and environmental protection.
(Sec. 4) Authorizes the Secretary to accept approvals of fire and life safety equipment and materials by foreign governments which utilize design and testing standards that meet the requirements of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, and its associated International Maritime Organization guidance documents.
(Sec. 5) Requires each in service small passenger vessel carrying more than 12 passengers on an international voyage to be inspected annually.  Requires any other vessel to be inspected at least once every five years (currently, every two years).  Extends from two to five years the effective validation period of certificates of inspection issued to U.S. vessels that carry oil or hazardous material in bulk.
(Sec. 6) Requires the owner or individual in charge of a vessel to submit certain inspection related notices to the Secretary at least 30 days (currently, at least 30 days but not more than 60 days) before the current certificate of inspection issued to a vessel expires.
(Sec. 7) Revises provisions regarding the recognition of U.S. classification societies.

Output: Maritime Regulatory Reform Act of 1994

Input: Small Business Modernization Act of 2004 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to: (1) terminate subchapter S corporation elections after 2004 and subchapter S status after 2014 and to allow privately-held domestic corporations, in lieu of electing subchapter S treatment, to elect to be treated as partnerships for tax purposes; (2) set forth rules for the tax treatment of former subchapter S corporations electing partnership status; and (3) exclude from net earnings from self-employment partnership income attributable to capital.

Output: To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide for unified income taxation with respect to pass-thru entities.

Input:
Federal Forage Fee Act of 1993 - Subjects grazing operations on Federal land to applicable Federal, State, and local environmental and land use requirements.
Sets forth a forage fee formula for lands under the jurisdiction of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of the Interior.

Output: Land Use Requirement

Input: . Merchant Marine of World War II Congressional Gold Medal Act (Sec. 3) This bill requires the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate to arrange for the award, on behalf of Congress, of a single gold medal to the U.S. Merchant Marine of World War II, in recognition of their dedicated and vital service during World War II. Following its award the medal shall be given to the American Merchant Marine Museum where it will be available for display and research.

Output: Congressional Gold Medal to be given to Vietnam war veteran

Input: American Jobs First Act of 2011 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to extend the election to deduct dividends received by a domestic corporation from a controlled foreign corporation.  Increases the amount of such deduction by increases in the payroll of the domestic corporation over the previous taxable year.  Requires the Secretary of the Treasury to provide, by regulations, for a recapture of any portion of the increased tax deduction allowed to a domestic corporation if such corporation's payroll decreases during either of the two taxable years following the taxable year in which the increased deduction was allowed.

Output: To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow temporarily a reduced rate of tax with respect to repatriated foreign earnings.

To increase the amount of the tax deduction allowed