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test.csv

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+question,answer
+What was the Vietnam War?,"The Vietnam War was a long, costly and divisive conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. The conflict was intensified by the ongoing Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union."
+When did the Vietnam War start?,"The Vietnam War and active U.S. involvement in the war began in 1954, though ongoing conflict in the region had stretched back several decades."
+What was the Viet Cong?,"With the Cold War intensifying worldwide, the United States hardened its policies against any allies of the Soviet Union, and by 1955 President Dwight D. Eisenhower had pledged his firm support to Diem and South Vietnam. With training and equipment from American military and the CIA, Diem’s security forces cracked down on Viet Minh sympathizers in the south, whom he derisively called Viet Cong (or Vietnamese Communist), arresting some 100,000 people, many of whom were brutally tortured and executed."
+What was the Domino Theory?,"A team sent by President John F. Kennedy in 1961 to report on conditions in South Vietnam advised a build-up of American military, economic and technical aid in order to help Diem confront the Viet Cong threat. Working under the “domino theory,” which held that if one Southeast Asian country fell to communism, many other countries would follow, Kennedy increased U.S. aid, though he stopped short of committing to a large-scale military intervention."
+What was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?,"In August of 1964, after DRV torpedo boats attacked two U.S. destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin, Johnson ordered the retaliatory bombing of military targets in North Vietnam. Congress soon passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which gave Johnson broad war-making powers, and U.S. planes began regular bombing raids, codenamed Operation Rolling Thunder, the following year."
+Who was General William Westmoreland?,"In contrast to the air attacks on North Vietnam, the U.S.-South Vietnamese war effort in the south was fought primarily on the ground, largely under the command of General William Westmoreland, in coordination with the government of General Nguyen Van Thieu in Saigon. Westmoreland pursued a policy of attrition, aiming to kill as many enemy troops as possible rather than trying to secure territory."
+What were the Vietnam War Protests?,"As the war stretched on, some soldiers came to mistrust the government’s reasons for keeping them there, as well as Washington’s repeated claims that the war was being won. The later years of the war saw increased physical and psychological deterioration among American soldiers—both volunteers and draftees—including drug use, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), mutinies and attacks by soldiers against officers and noncommissioned officers."
+What was the Tet Offensive?,"By the end of 1967, Hanoi’s communist leadership was growing impatient as well, and sought to strike a decisive blow aimed at forcing the better-supplied United States to give up hopes of success. On January 31, 1968, some 70,000 DRV forces under General Vo Nguyen Giap launched the Tet Offensive (named for the lunar new year), a coordinated series of fierce attacks on more than 100 cities and towns in South Vietnam."
+What was Vietnamization?,"Nixon sought to deflate the anti-war movement by appealing to a “silent majority” of Americans who he believed supported the war effort. In an attempt to limit the volume of American casualties, he announced a program called Vietnamization: withdrawing U.S. troops, increasing aerial and artillery bombardment and giving the South Vietnamese the training and weapons needed to effectively control the ground war."
+What was the My Lai Massacre?,"The next few years would bring even more carnage, including the horrifying revelation that U.S. soldiers had mercilessly slaughtered more than 400 unarmed civilians in the village of My Lai in March 1968."
+What was the Kent State Shooting?,"In 1970, a joint U.S-South Vietnamese operation invaded Cambodia, hoping to wipe out DRV supply bases there. The South Vietnamese then led their own invasion of Laos, which was pushed back by North Vietnam. The invasion of these countries, in violation of international law, sparked a new wave of protests on college campuses across America. During one, on May 4, 1970, at Kent State University in Ohio, National Guardsmen shot and killed four students."
+What were the Pentagon Papers?,"A top-secret Department of Defense study of U.S. political and military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967 was published in the New York Times in 1971—shedding light on how the Nixon administration ramped up conflict in Vietnam. The report, leaked to the Times by military analyst Daniel Ellsberg, further eroded support for keeping U.S. forces in Vietnam."
+When did the Vietnam War end?,"In January 1973, the United States and North Vietnam concluded a final peace agreement, ending open hostilities between the two nations. War between North and South Vietnam continued, however, until April 30, 1975, when DRV forces captured Saigon, renaming it Ho Chi Minh City (Ho himself died in 1969)."
+What was the state of the U.S.-backed and Diem-led South Vietnamese army against the communist Viet Cong?,"The Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), though well-equipped and trained by U.S. advisers, was poorly motivated and poorly led in its fight against the Viet Cong."
+What was the first event that led to the Vietnam War?,The first event that led to the Vietnam War was the collapse of French Indochina and the rise of Ho Chi Minh.
+Who was Ho Chi Minh?,"Ho Chi Minh was a revolutionary leader who established the League for the Independence of Vietnam, better known as the Viet Minh, in May of 1941."
+What was the significance of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu?,"The Battle of Dien Bien Phu was a decisive battle in which the Viet Minh defeated the French, marking the end of French rule in Vietnam."
+What were the terms of the 1954 Geneva Accords?,"The 1954 Geneva Accords divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel, with North Vietnam ruled by Ho Chi Minh’s communist government and South Vietnam led by emperor Bao Dai. An election was scheduled in two years’ time to unify Vietnam, but the U.S., fearful that a national election would lead to communist rule, ensured it never took place."
+What was the Cold War and how did it contribute to the Vietnam War?,"The Cold War was a period of tension between the U.S. and The Soviet Union. Vietnam was divided during the Cold War, with North Vietnam supported by the Soviet Union and China, and South Vietnam supported by the United States. The U.S. feared that a communist victory in Vietnam would create a domino effect in Southeast Asia, leading to the spread of communism throughout the region."
+Who was Ngo Dinh Diem and what was his role in the Vietnam War?,"Ngo Dinh Diem was a Catholic nationalist who succeeded Emperor Bao Dai as the leader of South Vietnam. He was strongly anti-communist and had the support of the United States. However, his preferential treatment of the Catholic minority led to protests throughout South Vietnam. In 1963, he was overthrown in a military coup backed by the United States."
+What was the Gulf of Tonkin Incident and how did it lead to the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War?,"The Gulf of Tonkin Incident was a series of alleged attacks by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on U.S. destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin. The incident led to the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which granted President Lyndon B. Johnson the power to take all necessary measures to repeal any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent any further aggression. This resolution gave the U.S. the legal authority to escalate its involvement in the Vietnam War."
+What was the main cause of the Vietnam War?,"The main cause of the Vietnam War was the division of Vietnam into two separate countries, North Vietnam and South Vietnam, after the First Indochina War. North Vietnam was a communist state, while South Vietnam was a capitalist state. The United States supported South Vietnam, while the Soviet Union and China supported North Vietnam."
+When did the Vietnam War start and end?,The Vietnam War started in 1954 and ended in 1975.
+How many people died in the Vietnam War?,"More than 1.3 million Vietnamese soldiers and about 58,000 U.S. troops were killed in the Vietnam War. More than 2 million civilians also died."

validation.csv

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+question,answer
+What was the Vietnam War?,"The Vietnam War was a long, costly and divisive conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. The conflict was intensified by the ongoing Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union."
+When did the Vietnam War start?,"The Vietnam War and active U.S. involvement in the war began in 1954, though ongoing conflict in the region had stretched back several decades."
+What was the Viet Cong?,"With the Cold War intensifying worldwide, the United States hardened its policies against any allies of the Soviet Union, and by 1955 President Dwight D. Eisenhower had pledged his firm support to Diem and South Vietnam. With training and equipment from American military and the CIA, Diem’s security forces cracked down on Viet Minh sympathizers in the south, whom he derisively called Viet Cong (or Vietnamese Communist), arresting some 100,000 people, many of whom were brutally tortured and executed."
+What was the Domino Theory?,"A team sent by President John F. Kennedy in 1961 to report on conditions in South Vietnam advised a build-up of American military, economic and technical aid in order to help Diem confront the Viet Cong threat. Working under the “domino theory,” which held that if one Southeast Asian country fell to communism, many other countries would follow, Kennedy increased U.S. aid, though he stopped short of committing to a large-scale military intervention."
+What was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?,"In August of 1964, after DRV torpedo boats attacked two U.S. destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin, Johnson ordered the retaliatory bombing of military targets in North Vietnam. Congress soon passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which gave Johnson broad war-making powers, and U.S. planes began regular bombing raids, codenamed Operation Rolling Thunder, the following year."
+Who was General William Westmoreland?,"In contrast to the air attacks on North Vietnam, the U.S.-South Vietnamese war effort in the south was fought primarily on the ground, largely under the command of General William Westmoreland, in coordination with the government of General Nguyen Van Thieu in Saigon. Westmoreland pursued a policy of attrition, aiming to kill as many enemy troops as possible rather than trying to secure territory."
+What were the Vietnam War Protests?,"As the war stretched on, some soldiers came to mistrust the government’s reasons for keeping them there, as well as Washington’s repeated claims that the war was being won. The later years of the war saw increased physical and psychological deterioration among American soldiers—both volunteers and draftees—including drug use, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), mutinies and attacks by soldiers against officers and noncommissioned officers."
+What was the Tet Offensive?,"By the end of 1967, Hanoi’s communist leadership was growing impatient as well, and sought to strike a decisive blow aimed at forcing the better-supplied United States to give up hopes of success. On January 31, 1968, some 70,000 DRV forces under General Vo Nguyen Giap launched the Tet Offensive (named for the lunar new year), a coordinated series of fierce attacks on more than 100 cities and towns in South Vietnam."
+What was Vietnamization?,"Nixon sought to deflate the anti-war movement by appealing to a “silent majority” of Americans who he believed supported the war effort. In an attempt to limit the volume of American casualties, he announced a program called Vietnamization: withdrawing U.S. troops, increasing aerial and artillery bombardment and giving the South Vietnamese the training and weapons needed to effectively control the ground war."
+What was the My Lai Massacre?,"The next few years would bring even more carnage, including the horrifying revelation that U.S. soldiers had mercilessly slaughtered more than 400 unarmed civilians in the village of My Lai in March 1968."
+What was the Kent State Shooting?,"In 1970, a joint U.S-South Vietnamese operation invaded Cambodia, hoping to wipe out DRV supply bases there. The South Vietnamese then led their own invasion of Laos, which was pushed back by North Vietnam. The invasion of these countries, in violation of international law, sparked a new wave of protests on college campuses across America. During one, on May 4, 1970, at Kent State University in Ohio, National Guardsmen shot and killed four students."
+What were the Pentagon Papers?,"A top-secret Department of Defense study of U.S. political and military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967 was published in the New York Times in 1971—shedding light on how the Nixon administration ramped up conflict in Vietnam. The report, leaked to the Times by military analyst Daniel Ellsberg, further eroded support for keeping U.S. forces in Vietnam."
+When did the Vietnam War end?,"In January 1973, the United States and North Vietnam concluded a final peace agreement, ending open hostilities between the two nations. War between North and South Vietnam continued, however, until April 30, 1975, when DRV forces captured Saigon, renaming it Ho Chi Minh City (Ho himself died in 1969)."
+What was the state of the U.S.-backed and Diem-led South Vietnamese army against the communist Viet Cong?,"The Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), though well-equipped and trained by U.S. advisers, was poorly motivated and poorly led in its fight against the Viet Cong."
+What was the first event that led to the Vietnam War?,The first event that led to the Vietnam War was the collapse of French Indochina and the rise of Ho Chi Minh.
+Who was Ho Chi Minh?,"Ho Chi Minh was a revolutionary leader who established the League for the Independence of Vietnam, better known as the Viet Minh, in May of 1941."