Update README.md

README.md

@@ -1,201 +1,622 @@
 ---
 library_name: transformers
-tags: []
+widget:
+- messages:
+  - role: user
+    content: How does the brain work?
+inference:
+  parameters:
+    max_new_tokens: 200
+extra_gated_heading: Access Gemma on Hugging Face
+extra_gated_prompt: >-
+  To access Gemma on Hugging Face, you’re required to review and agree to
+  Google’s usage license. To do this, please ensure you’re logged-in to Hugging
+  Face and click below. Requests are processed immediately.
+extra_gated_button_content: Acknowledge license
+license: gemma
 ---
 
-# Model Card for Model ID
+# Fork from google/gemma-1.1-7b-it
 
-<!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
+## 4-bit Quantization
+```python
+nf4_config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True,
+                                bnb_4bit_use_double_quant=True,
+                                bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
+                                bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4")
+```
 
+# Gemma Model Card
 
+**Model Page**: [Gemma](https://ai.google.dev/gemma/docs)
 
-## Model Details
+This model card corresponds to the latest 7B instruct version of the Gemma model. Here you can find other models in the Gemma family:
 
-### Model Description
+|    | Base                                               | Instruct                                                             |
+|----|----------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 2B | [gemma-2b](https://huggingface.co/google/gemma-2b) | [gemma-1.1-2b-it](https://huggingface.co/google/gemma-1.1-2b-it) |
+| 7B | [gemma-7b](https://huggingface.co/google/gemma-7b) | [**gemma-1.1-7b-it**](https://huggingface.co/google/gemma-1.1-7b-it)     |
 
-<!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
+**Release Notes**
 
-This is the model card of a 🤗 transformers model that has been pushed on the Hub. This model card has been automatically generated.
+This is Gemma 1.1 7B (IT), an update over the original instruction-tuned Gemma release.
 
-- **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
-- **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
-- **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
-- **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
-- **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
-- **License:** [More Information Needed]
-- **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
+Gemma 1.1 was trained using a novel RLHF method, leading to substantial gains on quality, coding capabilities, factuality, instruction following and multi-turn conversation quality. We also fixed a bug in multi-turn conversations, and made sure that model responses don't always start with `"Sure,"`.
 
-### Model Sources [optional]
+We believe this release represents an improvement for most use cases, but we encourage users to test in their particular applications. The previous model [will continue to be available in the same repo](https://huggingface.co/google/gemma-7b-it). We appreciate the enthusiastic adoption of Gemma, and we continue to welcome all feedback from the community.
 
-<!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
+**Resources and Technical Documentation**:
 
-- **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
-- **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
-- **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
+* [Responsible Generative AI Toolkit](https://ai.google.dev/responsible)
+* [Gemma on Kaggle](https://www.kaggle.com/models/google/gemma)
+* [Gemma on Vertex Model Garden](https://console.cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/publishers/google/model-garden/335)
 
-## Uses
+**Terms of Use**: [Terms](https://www.kaggle.com/models/google/gemma/license/consent)
 
-<!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
+**Authors**: Google
 
-### Direct Use
+## Model Information
 
-<!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
+Summary description and brief definition of inputs and outputs.
 
-[More Information Needed]
+### Description
 
-### Downstream Use [optional]
+Gemma is a family of lightweight, state-of-the-art open models from Google,
+built from the same research and technology used to create the Gemini models.
+They are text-to-text, decoder-only large language models, available in English,
+with open weights, pre-trained variants, and instruction-tuned variants. Gemma
+models are well-suited for a variety of text generation tasks, including
+question answering, summarization, and reasoning. Their relatively small size
+makes it possible to deploy them in environments with limited resources such as
+a laptop, desktop or your own cloud infrastructure, democratizing access to
+state of the art AI models and helping foster innovation for everyone.
 
-<!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
+### Usage
 
-[More Information Needed]
+Below we share some code snippets on how to get quickly started with running the model. First make sure to `pip install -U transformers`, then copy the snippet from the section that is relevant for your usecase.
 
-### Out-of-Scope Use
+#### Running the model on a CPU
 
-<!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
+As explained below, we recommend `torch.bfloat16` as the default dtype. You can use [a different precision](#precisions) if necessary.
 
-[More Information Needed]
+```python
+from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
+import torch
 
-## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
+tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/gemma-1.1-7b-it")
+model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
+    "google/gemma-1.1-7b-it",
+    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16
+)
 
-<!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
+input_text = "Write me a poem about Machine Learning."
+input_ids = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt")
 
-[More Information Needed]
+outputs = model.generate(**input_ids, max_new_tokens=50)
+print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0]))
+```
 
-### Recommendations
+#### Running the model on a single / multi GPU
 
-<!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
 
-Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
+```python
+# pip install accelerate
+from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
+import torch
 
-## How to Get Started with the Model
+tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/gemma-1.1-7b-it")
+model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
+    "google/gemma-1.1-7b-it",
+    device_map="auto",
+    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16
+)
 
-Use the code below to get started with the model.
+input_text = "Write me a poem about Machine Learning."
+input_ids = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda")
 
-[More Information Needed]
+outputs = model.generate(**input_ids)
+print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0]))
+```
 
-## Training Details
+<a name="precisions"></a>
+#### Running the model on a GPU using different precisions
 
-### Training Data
+The native weights of this model were exported in `bfloat16` precision. You can use `float16`, which may be faster on certain hardware, indicating the `torch_dtype` when loading the model. For convenience, the `float16` revision of the repo contains a copy of the weights already converted to that precision.
 
-<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
+You can also use `float32` if you skip the dtype, but no precision increase will occur (model weights will just be upcasted to `float32`). See examples below.
 
-[More Information Needed]
+* _Using `torch.float16`_
 
-### Training Procedure 
+```python
+# pip install accelerate
+from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
+import torch
 
-<!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
+tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/gemma-1.1-7b-it")
+model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
+    "google/gemma-1.1-7b-it",
+    device_map="auto",
+    torch_dtype=torch.float16,
+    revision="float16",
+)
 
-#### Preprocessing [optional]
+input_text = "Write me a poem about Machine Learning."
+input_ids = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda")
 
-[More Information Needed]
+outputs = model.generate(**input_ids)
+print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0]))
+```
 
+* _Using `torch.bfloat16`_
 
-#### Training Hyperparameters
+```python
+# pip install accelerate
+from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
+import torch
 
-- **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
+tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/gemma-2b-it")
+model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
+    "google/gemma-1.1-7b-it",
+    device_map="auto",
+    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16
+)
 
-#### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
+input_text = "Write me a poem about Machine Learning."
+input_ids = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda")
 
-<!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
+outputs = model.generate(**input_ids)
+print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0]))
+```
 
-[More Information Needed]
+* _Upcasting to `torch.float32`_
 
-## Evaluation
+```python
+# pip install accelerate
+from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
+
+tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/gemma-1.1-7b-it")
+model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
+    "google/gemma-1.1-7b-it",
+    device_map="auto"
+)
+
+input_text = "Write me a poem about Machine Learning."
+input_ids = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda")
+
+outputs = model.generate(**input_ids)
+print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0]))
+```
+
+#### Quantized Versions through `bitsandbytes`
+
+* _Using 8-bit precision (int8)_
+
+```python
+# pip install bitsandbytes accelerate
+from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM, BitsAndBytesConfig
+
+quantization_config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_8bit=True)
+
+tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/gemma-1.1-7b-it")
+model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
+    "google/gemma-1.1-7b-it",
+    quantization_config=quantization_config
+)
+
+input_text = "Write me a poem about Machine Learning."
+input_ids = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda")
+
+outputs = model.generate(**input_ids)
+print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0]))
+```
+
+* _Using 4-bit precision_
 
-<!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
+```python
+# pip install bitsandbytes accelerate
+from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM, BitsAndBytesConfig
 
-### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
+quantization_config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True)
 
-#### Testing Data
+tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/gemma-1.1-7b-it")
+model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
+    "google/gemma-1.1-7b-it",
+    quantization_config=quantization_config
+)
 
-<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
+input_text = "Write me a poem about Machine Learning."
+input_ids = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda")
 
-[More Information Needed]
+outputs = model.generate(**input_ids)
+print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0]))
+```
 
-#### Factors
 
-<!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
+#### Other optimizations
 
-[More Information Needed]
+* _Flash Attention 2_
 
-#### Metrics
+First make sure to install `flash-attn` in your environment `pip install flash-attn`
 
-<!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
+```diff
+model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
+    model_id, 
+    torch_dtype=torch.float16, 
++   attn_implementation="flash_attention_2"
+).to(0)
+```
 
-[More Information Needed]
+#### Running the model in JAX / Flax
 
-### Results
+Use the `flax` branch of the repository:
 
-[More Information Needed]
+```python
+import jax.numpy as jnp
+from transformers import AutoTokenizer, FlaxGemmaForCausalLM
 
-#### Summary
+model_id = "google/gemma-1.1-7b-it"
 
+tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
+tokenizer.padding_side = "left"
 
+model, params = FlaxGemmaForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
+		model_id,
+		dtype=jnp.bfloat16,
+		revision="flax",
+		_do_init=False,
+)
 
-## Model Examination [optional]
+inputs = tokenizer("Valencia and Málaga are", return_tensors="np", padding=True)
+output = model.generate(**inputs, params=params, max_new_tokens=20, do_sample=False)
+output_text = tokenizer.batch_decode(output.sequences, skip_special_tokens=True)
+```
 
-<!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
+[Check this notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/sanchit-gandhi/notebooks/blob/main/jax_gemma.ipynb) for a comprehensive walkthrough on how to parallelize JAX inference.
 
-[More Information Needed]
 
-## Environmental Impact
+### Chat Template
 
-<!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
+The instruction-tuned models use a chat template that must be adhered to for conversational use.
+The easiest way to apply it is using the tokenizer's built-in chat template, as shown in the following snippet.
 
-Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
+Let's load the model and apply the chat template to a conversation. In this example, we'll start with a single user interaction:
 
-- **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
-- **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
-- **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
-- **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
-- **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
+```py
+from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
+import transformers
+import torch
 
-## Technical Specifications [optional]
+model_id = "google/gemma-1.1-7b-it"
+dtype = torch.bfloat16
 
-### Model Architecture and Objective
+tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
+model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
+    model_id,
+    device_map="cuda",
+    torch_dtype=dtype,
+)
 
-[More Information Needed]
+chat = [
+    { "role": "user", "content": "Write a hello world program" },
+]
+prompt = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(chat, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True)
+```
 
-### Compute Infrastructure
+At this point, the prompt contains the following text:
 
-[More Information Needed]
+```
+<bos><start_of_turn>user
+Write a hello world program<end_of_turn>
+<start_of_turn>model
+```
 
-#### Hardware
+As you can see, each turn is preceded by a `<start_of_turn>` delimiter and then the role of the entity
+(either `user`, for content supplied by the user, or `model` for LLM responses). Turns finish with
+the `<end_of_turn>` token.
 
-[More Information Needed]
+You can follow this format to build the prompt manually, if you need to do it without the tokenizer's
+chat template.
 
-#### Software
+After the prompt is ready, generation can be performed like this:
 
-[More Information Needed]
+```py
+inputs = tokenizer.encode(prompt, add_special_tokens=False, return_tensors="pt")
+outputs = model.generate(input_ids=inputs.to(model.device), max_new_tokens=150)
+```
 
-## Citation [optional]
+### Fine-tuning
 
-<!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
+You can find some fine-tuning scripts under the [`examples/` directory](https://huggingface.co/google/gemma-7b/tree/main/examples) of [`google/gemma-7b`](https://huggingface.co/google/gemma-7b) repository. To adapt them to this model, simply change the model-id to `google/gemma-1.1-7b-it`.
 
-**BibTeX:**
+We provide:
 
-[More Information Needed]
+* A script to perform Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) on UltraChat dataset using QLoRA
+* A script to perform SFT using FSDP on TPU devices
+* A notebook that you can run on a free-tier Google Colab instance to perform SFT on the English quotes dataset
 
-**APA:**
+### Inputs and outputs
 
-[More Information Needed]
+*   **Input:** Text string, such as a question, a prompt, or a document to be
+    summarized.
+*   **Output:** Generated English-language text in response to the input, such
+    as an answer to a question, or a summary of a document.
 
-## Glossary [optional]
+## Model Data
 
-<!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. -->
+Data used for model training and how the data was processed.
 
-[More Information Needed]
+### Training Dataset
 
-## More Information [optional]
+These models were trained on a dataset of text data that includes a wide variety
+of sources, totaling 6 trillion tokens. Here are the key components:
 
-[More Information Needed]
+* Web Documents: A diverse collection of web text ensures the model is exposed
+  to a broad range of linguistic styles, topics, and vocabulary. Primarily
+  English-language content.
+* Code: Exposing the model to code helps it to learn the syntax and patterns of
+  programming languages, which improves its ability to generate code or
+  understand code-related questions.
+* Mathematics: Training on mathematical text helps the model learn logical
+  reasoning, symbolic representation, and to address mathematical queries.
 
-## Model Card Authors [optional]
+The combination of these diverse data sources is crucial for training a powerful
+language model that can handle a wide variety of different tasks and text
+formats.
 
-[More Information Needed]
+### Data Preprocessing
 
-## Model Card Contact
+Here are the key data cleaning and filtering methods applied to the training
+data:
 
-[More Information Needed]
+* CSAM Filtering: Rigorous CSAM (Child Sexual Abuse Material) filtering was
+  applied at multiple stages in the data preparation process to ensure the
+  exclusion of harmful and illegal content
+* Sensitive Data Filtering: As part of making Gemma pre-trained models safe and
+  reliable, automated techniques were used to filter out certain personal
+  information and other sensitive data from training sets.
+* Additional methods: Filtering based on content quality and safely in line with
+  [our policies](https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-uniblog-publish-prod/documents/2023_Google_AI_Principles_Progress_Update.pdf#page=11).
 
+## Implementation Information
+
+Details about the model internals.
+
+### Hardware
+
+Gemma was trained using the latest generation of
+[Tensor Processing Unit (TPU)](https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/intro-to-tpu) hardware (TPUv5e).
+
+Training large language models requires significant computational power. TPUs,
+designed specifically for matrix operations common in machine learning, offer
+several advantages in this domain:
+
+* Performance: TPUs are specifically designed to handle the massive computations
+  involved in training LLMs. They can speed up training considerably compared to
+  CPUs.
+* Memory: TPUs often come with large amounts of high-bandwidth memory, allowing
+  for the handling of large models and batch sizes during training. This can
+  lead to better model quality.
+* Scalability: TPU Pods (large clusters of TPUs) provide a scalable solution for
+  handling the growing complexity of large foundation models. You can distribute
+  training across multiple TPU devices for faster and more efficient processing.
+* Cost-effectiveness: In many scenarios, TPUs can provide a more cost-effective
+  solution for training large models compared to CPU-based infrastructure,
+  especially when considering the time and resources saved due to faster
+  training.
+* These advantages are aligned with
+  [Google's commitments to operate sustainably](https://sustainability.google/operating-sustainably/).
+
+### Software
+
+Training was done using [JAX](https://github.com/google/jax) and [ML Pathways](https://blog.google/technology/ai/introducing-pathways-next-generation-ai-architecture/ml-pathways).
+
+JAX allows researchers to take advantage of the latest generation of hardware,
+including TPUs, for faster and more efficient training of large models.
+
+ML Pathways is Google's latest effort to build artificially intelligent systems
+capable of generalizing across multiple tasks. This is specially suitable for
+[foundation models](https://ai.google/discover/foundation-models/), including large language models like
+these ones.
+
+Together, JAX and ML Pathways are used as described in the
+[paper about the Gemini family of models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.11805); "the 'single
+controller' programming model of Jax and Pathways allows a single Python
+process to orchestrate the entire training run, dramatically simplifying the
+development workflow."
+
+## Evaluation
 
+Model evaluation metrics and results.
+
+### Benchmark Results
+
+The pre-trained base models were evaluated against a large collection of different datasets and
+metrics to cover different aspects of text generation:
+
+| Benchmark                      | Metric        | Gemma PT 2B | Gemma PT 7B |
+| ------------------------------ | ------------- | ----------- | ----------- |
+| [MMLU](https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.03300)                   | 5-shot, top-1 | 42.3        | 64.3        |
+| [HellaSwag](https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.07830)         | 0-shot        | 71.4        | 81.2        |
+| [PIQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.11641)                   | 0-shot        | 77.3        | 81.2        |
+| [SocialIQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.09728)         | 0-shot        | 49.7        | 51.8        |
+| [BoolQ](https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.10044)                 | 0-shot        | 69.4        | 83.2        |
+| [WinoGrande](https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.10641)       | partial score | 65.4        | 72.3        |
+| [CommonsenseQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.00937) | 7-shot        | 65.3        | 71.3        |
+| [OpenBookQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.02789)       |               | 47.8        | 52.8        |
+| [ARC-e](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547)                   |               | 73.2        | 81.5        |
+| [ARC-c](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547)                   |               | 42.1        | 53.2        |
+| [TriviaQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.03551)           | 5-shot        | 53.2        | 63.4        |
+| [Natural Questions](https://github.com/google-research-datasets/natural-questions)  | 5-shot        | 12.5        | 23.0        |
+| [HumanEval](https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.03374)         | pass@1        | 22.0        | 32.3        |
+| [MBPP](https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.07732)                   | 3-shot        | 29.2        | 44.4        |
+| [GSM8K](https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.14168)                 | maj@1         | 17.7        | 46.4        |
+| [MATH](https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.07732)                   | 4-shot        | 11.8        | 24.3        |
+| [AGIEval](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.06364)             |               | 24.2        | 41.7        |
+| [BIG-Bench](https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.04615)         |               | 35.2        | 55.1        |
+| ------------------------------ | ------------- | ----------- | ----------- |
+| **Average**                    |               | **44.9**    | **56.4**    |
+
+## Ethics and Safety
+
+Ethics and safety evaluation approach and results.
+
+### Evaluation Approach
+
+Our evaluation methods include structured evaluations and internal red-teaming
+testing of relevant content policies. Red-teaming was conducted by a number of
+different teams, each with different goals and human evaluation metrics. These
+models were evaluated against a number of different categories relevant to
+ethics and safety, including:
+
+* Text-to-Text Content Safety: Human evaluation on prompts covering safety
+  policies including child sexual abuse and exploitation, harassment, violence
+  and gore, and hate speech.
+* Text-to-Text Representational Harms: Benchmark against relevant academic
+  datasets such as [WinoBias](https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.06876) and [BBQ Dataset](https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.08193v2).
+* Memorization: Automated evaluation of memorization of training data, including
+  the risk of personally identifiable information exposure.
+* Large-scale harm: Tests for "dangerous capabilities," such as chemical,
+  biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) risks.
+
+### Evaluation Results
+
+The results of ethics and safety evaluations are within acceptable thresholds
+for meeting [internal policies](https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-uniblog-publish-prod/documents/2023_Google_AI_Principles_Progress_Update.pdf#page=11) for categories such as child
+safety, content safety, representational harms, memorization, large-scale harms.
+On top of robust internal evaluations, the results of well known safety
+benchmarks like BBQ, BOLD, Winogender, Winobias, RealToxicity, and TruthfulQA
+are shown here.
+
+#### Gemma 1.0
+
+| Benchmark                | Metric        | Gemma 1.0 IT 2B | Gemma 1.0 IT 7B |
+| ------------------------ | ------------- | --------------- | --------------- |
+| [RealToxicity][realtox]  | average       | 6.86            | 7.90            |
+| [BOLD][bold]             |               | 45.57           | 49.08           |
+| [CrowS-Pairs][crows]     | top-1         | 45.82           | 51.33           |
+| [BBQ Ambig][bbq]         | 1-shot, top-1 | 62.58           | 92.54           |
+| [BBQ Disambig][bbq]      | top-1         | 54.62           | 71.99           |
+| [Winogender][winogender] | top-1         | 51.25           | 54.17           |
+| [TruthfulQA][truthfulqa] |               | 44.84           | 31.81           |
+| [Winobias 1_2][winobias] |               | 56.12           | 59.09           |
+| [Winobias 2_2][winobias] |               | 91.10           | 92.23           |
+| [Toxigen][toxigen]       |               | 29.77           | 39.59           |
+| ------------------------ | ------------- | --------------- | --------------- |
+
+#### Gemma 1.1
+
+| Benchmark                | Metric        | Gemma 1.1 IT 2B | Gemma 1.1 IT 7B |
+| ------------------------ | ------------- | --------------- | --------------- |
+| [RealToxicity][realtox]  | average       | 7.03            | 8.04            |
+| [BOLD][bold]             |               | 47.76           |                 |
+| [CrowS-Pairs][crows]     | top-1         | 45.89           | 49.67           |
+| [BBQ Ambig][bbq]         | 1-shot, top-1 | 58.97           | 86.06           |
+| [BBQ Disambig][bbq]      | top-1         | 53.90           | 85.08           |
+| [Winogender][winogender] | top-1         | 50.14           | 57.64           |
+| [TruthfulQA][truthfulqa] |               | 44.24           | 45.34           |
+| [Winobias 1_2][winobias] |               | 55.93           | 59.22           |
+| [Winobias 2_2][winobias] |               | 89.46           | 89.2            |
+| [Toxigen][toxigen]       |               | 29.64           | 38.75           |
+| ------------------------ | ------------- | --------------- | --------------- |
+
+
+## Usage and Limitations
+
+These models have certain limitations that users should be aware of.
+
+### Intended Usage
+
+Open Large Language Models (LLMs) have a wide range of applications across
+various industries and domains. The following list of potential uses is not
+comprehensive. The purpose of this list is to provide contextual information
+about the possible use-cases that the model creators considered as part of model
+training and development.
+
+* Content Creation and Communication
+  * Text Generation: These models can be used to generate creative text formats
+    such as poems, scripts, code, marketing copy, and email drafts.
+  * Chatbots and Conversational AI: Power conversational interfaces for customer
+    service, virtual assistants, or interactive applications.
+  * Text Summarization: Generate concise summaries of a text corpus, research
+    papers, or reports.
+* Research and Education
+  * Natural Language Processing (NLP) Research: These models can serve as a
+    foundation for researchers to experiment with NLP techniques, develop
+    algorithms, and contribute to the advancement of the field.
+  * Language Learning Tools: Support interactive language learning experiences,
+    aiding in grammar correction or providing writing practice.
+  * Knowledge Exploration: Assist researchers in exploring large bodies of text
+    by generating summaries or answering questions about specific topics.
+
+### Limitations
+
+* Training Data
+  * The quality and diversity of the training data significantly influence the
+    model's capabilities. Biases or gaps in the training data can lead to
+    limitations in the model's responses.
+  * The scope of the training dataset determines the subject areas the model can
+    handle effectively.
+* Context and Task Complexity
+  * LLMs are better at tasks that can be framed with clear prompts and
+    instructions. Open-ended or highly complex tasks might be challenging.
+  * A model's performance can be influenced by the amount of context provided
+    (longer context generally leads to better outputs, up to a certain point).
+* Language Ambiguity and Nuance
+  * Natural language is inherently complex. LLMs might struggle to grasp subtle
+    nuances, sarcasm, or figurative language.
+* Factual Accuracy
+  * LLMs generate responses based on information they learned from their
+    training datasets, but they are not knowledge bases. They may generate
+    incorrect or outdated factual statements.
+* Common Sense
+  * LLMs rely on statistical patterns in language. They might lack the ability
+    to apply common sense reasoning in certain situations.
+
+### Ethical Considerations and Risks
+
+The development of large language models (LLMs) raises several ethical concerns.
+In creating an open model, we have carefully considered the following:
+
+* Bias and Fairness
+  * LLMs trained on large-scale, real-world text data can reflect socio-cultural
+    biases embedded in the training material. These models underwent careful
+    scrutiny, input data pre-processing described and posterior evaluations
+    reported in this card.
+* Misinformation and Misuse
+  * LLMs can be misused to generate text that is false, misleading, or harmful.
+  * Guidelines are provided for responsible use with the model, see the
+    [Responsible Generative AI Toolkit](http://ai.google.dev/gemma/responsible).
+* Transparency and Accountability:
+  * This model card summarizes details on the models' architecture,
+    capabilities, limitations, and evaluation processes.
+  * A responsibly developed open model offers the opportunity to share
+    innovation by making LLM technology accessible to developers and researchers
+    across the AI ecosystem.
+
+Risks identified and mitigations:
+
+* Perpetuation of biases: It's encouraged to perform continuous monitoring
+  (using evaluation metrics, human review) and the exploration of de-biasing
+  techniques during model training, fine-tuning, and other use cases.
+* Generation of harmful content: Mechanisms and guidelines for content safety
+  are essential. Developers are encouraged to exercise caution and implement
+  appropriate content safety safeguards based on their specific product policies
+  and application use cases.
+* Misuse for malicious purposes: Technical limitations and developer and
+  end-user education can help mitigate against malicious applications of LLMs.
+  Educational resources and reporting mechanisms for users to flag misuse are
+  provided. Prohibited uses of Gemma models are outlined in the
+  [Gemma Prohibited Use Policy](https://ai.google.dev/gemma/prohibited_use_policy).
+* Privacy violations: Models were trained on data filtered for removal of PII
+  (Personally Identifiable Information). Developers are encouraged to adhere to
+  privacy regulations with privacy-preserving techniques.
+
+### Benefits
+
+At the time of release, this family of models provides high-performance open
+large language model implementations designed from the ground up for Responsible
+AI development compared to similarly sized models.
+
+Using the benchmark evaluation metrics described in this document, these models
+have shown to provide superior performance to other, comparably-sized open model
+alternatives.