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---
license: cc-by-4.0
metrics:
- bleu4
- meteor
- rouge-l
- bertscore
- moverscore
language: de
datasets:
- lmqg/qg_dequad
pipeline_tag: text2text-generation
tags:
- question generation
widget:
- text: "Empfangs- und Sendeantenne sollen in ihrer Polarisation übereinstimmen, andernfalls <hl> wird die Signalübertragung stark gedämpft. <hl>"
example_title: "Question Generation Example 1"
- text: "das erste weltweit errichtete Hermann Brehmer <hl> 1855 <hl> im niederschlesischen ''Görbersdorf'' (heute Sokołowsko, Polen)."
example_title: "Question Generation Example 2"
- text: "Er muss Zyperngrieche sein und wird direkt für <hl> fünf Jahre <hl> gewählt (Art. 43 Abs. 1 der Verfassung) und verfügt über weitreichende Exekutivkompetenzen."
example_title: "Question Generation Example 3"
model-index:
- name: lmqg/mbart-large-cc25-dequad-qg
results:
- task:
name: Text2text Generation
type: text2text-generation
dataset:
name: lmqg/qg_dequad
type: default
args: default
metrics:
- name: BLEU4 (Question Generation)
type: bleu4_question_generation
value: 0.75
- name: ROUGE-L (Question Generation)
type: rouge_l_question_generation
value: 11.19
- name: METEOR (Question Generation)
type: meteor_question_generation
value: 13.71
- name: BERTScore (Question Generation)
type: bertscore_question_generation
value: 80.77
- name: MoverScore (Question Generation)
type: moverscore_question_generation
value: 55.88
- name: QAAlignedF1Score-BERTScore (Question & Answer Generation (with Gold Answer)) [Gold Answer]
type: qa_aligned_f1_score_bertscore_question_answer_generation_with_gold_answer_gold_answer
value: 90.66
- name: QAAlignedRecall-BERTScore (Question & Answer Generation (with Gold Answer)) [Gold Answer]
type: qa_aligned_recall_bertscore_question_answer_generation_with_gold_answer_gold_answer
value: 90.69
- name: QAAlignedPrecision-BERTScore (Question & Answer Generation (with Gold Answer)) [Gold Answer]
type: qa_aligned_precision_bertscore_question_answer_generation_with_gold_answer_gold_answer
value: 90.64
- name: QAAlignedF1Score-MoverScore (Question & Answer Generation (with Gold Answer)) [Gold Answer]
type: qa_aligned_f1_score_moverscore_question_answer_generation_with_gold_answer_gold_answer
value: 65.36
- name: QAAlignedRecall-MoverScore (Question & Answer Generation (with Gold Answer)) [Gold Answer]
type: qa_aligned_recall_moverscore_question_answer_generation_with_gold_answer_gold_answer
value: 65.36
- name: QAAlignedPrecision-MoverScore (Question & Answer Generation (with Gold Answer)) [Gold Answer]
type: qa_aligned_precision_moverscore_question_answer_generation_with_gold_answer_gold_answer
value: 65.37
- name: QAAlignedF1Score-BERTScore (Question & Answer Generation) [Gold Answer]
type: qa_aligned_f1_score_bertscore_question_answer_generation_gold_answer
value: 0.0
- name: QAAlignedRecall-BERTScore (Question & Answer Generation) [Gold Answer]
type: qa_aligned_recall_bertscore_question_answer_generation_gold_answer
value: 0.0
- name: QAAlignedPrecision-BERTScore (Question & Answer Generation) [Gold Answer]
type: qa_aligned_precision_bertscore_question_answer_generation_gold_answer
value: 0.0
- name: QAAlignedF1Score-MoverScore (Question & Answer Generation) [Gold Answer]
type: qa_aligned_f1_score_moverscore_question_answer_generation_gold_answer
value: 0.0
- name: QAAlignedRecall-MoverScore (Question & Answer Generation) [Gold Answer]
type: qa_aligned_recall_moverscore_question_answer_generation_gold_answer
value: 0.0
- name: QAAlignedPrecision-MoverScore (Question & Answer Generation) [Gold Answer]
type: qa_aligned_precision_moverscore_question_answer_generation_gold_answer
value: 0.0
---
# Model Card of `lmqg/mbart-large-cc25-dequad-qg`
This model is fine-tuned version of [facebook/mbart-large-cc25](https://huggingface.co/facebook/mbart-large-cc25) for question generation task on the [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) (dataset_name: default) via [`lmqg`](https://github.com/asahi417/lm-question-generation).
### Overview
- **Language model:** [facebook/mbart-large-cc25](https://huggingface.co/facebook/mbart-large-cc25)
- **Language:** de
- **Training data:** [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) (default)
- **Online Demo:** [https://autoqg.net/](https://autoqg.net/)
- **Repository:** [https://github.com/asahi417/lm-question-generation](https://github.com/asahi417/lm-question-generation)
- **Paper:** [https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03992](https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03992)
### Usage
- With [`lmqg`](https://github.com/asahi417/lm-question-generation#lmqg-language-model-for-question-generation-)
```python
from lmqg import TransformersQG
# initialize model
model = TransformersQG(language="de", model="lmqg/mbart-large-cc25-dequad-qg")
# model prediction
questions = model.generate_q(list_context="das erste weltweit errichtete Hermann Brehmer 1855 im niederschlesischen ''Görbersdorf'' (heute Sokołowsko, Polen).", list_answer="1855")
```
- With `transformers`
```python
from transformers import pipeline
pipe = pipeline("text2text-generation", "lmqg/mbart-large-cc25-dequad-qg")
output = pipe("Empfangs- und Sendeantenne sollen in ihrer Polarisation übereinstimmen, andernfalls <hl> wird die Signalübertragung stark gedämpft. <hl>")
```
## Evaluation
- ***Metric (Question Generation)***: [raw metric file](https://huggingface.co/lmqg/mbart-large-cc25-dequad-qg/raw/main/eval/metric.first.sentence.paragraph_answer.question.lmqg_qg_dequad.default.json)
| | Score | Type | Dataset |
|:-----------|--------:|:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| BERTScore | 80.77 | default | [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) |
| Bleu_1 | 10.96 | default | [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) |
| Bleu_2 | 4.48 | default | [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) |
| Bleu_3 | 1.91 | default | [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) |
| Bleu_4 | 0.75 | default | [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) |
| METEOR | 13.71 | default | [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) |
| MoverScore | 55.88 | default | [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) |
| ROUGE_L | 11.19 | default | [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) |
- ***Metric (Question & Answer Generation, Reference Answer)***: Each question is generated from *the gold answer*. [raw metric file](https://huggingface.co/lmqg/mbart-large-cc25-dequad-qg/raw/main/eval/metric.first.answer.paragraph.questions_answers.lmqg_qg_dequad.default.json)
| | Score | Type | Dataset |
|:--------------------------------|--------:|:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| QAAlignedF1Score (BERTScore) | 90.66 | default | [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) |
| QAAlignedF1Score (MoverScore) | 65.36 | default | [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) |
| QAAlignedPrecision (BERTScore) | 90.64 | default | [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) |
| QAAlignedPrecision (MoverScore) | 65.37 | default | [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) |
| QAAlignedRecall (BERTScore) | 90.69 | default | [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) |
| QAAlignedRecall (MoverScore) | 65.36 | default | [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) |
- ***Metric (Question & Answer Generation, Pipeline Approach)***: Each question is generated on the answer generated by [`lmqg/mbart-large-cc25-dequad-ae`](https://huggingface.co/lmqg/mbart-large-cc25-dequad-ae). [raw metric file](https://huggingface.co/lmqg/mbart-large-cc25-dequad-qg/raw/main/eval_pipeline/metric.first.answer.paragraph.questions_answers.lmqg_qg_dequad.default.lmqg_mbart-large-cc25-dequad-ae.json)
| | Score | Type | Dataset |
|:--------------------------------|--------:|:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| QAAlignedF1Score (BERTScore) | 0 | default | [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) |
| QAAlignedF1Score (MoverScore) | 0 | default | [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) |
| QAAlignedPrecision (BERTScore) | 0 | default | [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) |
| QAAlignedPrecision (MoverScore) | 0 | default | [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) |
| QAAlignedRecall (BERTScore) | 0 | default | [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) |
| QAAlignedRecall (MoverScore) | 0 | default | [lmqg/qg_dequad](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmqg/qg_dequad) |
## Training hyperparameters
The following hyperparameters were used during fine-tuning:
- dataset_path: lmqg/qg_dequad
- dataset_name: default
- input_types: ['paragraph_answer']
- output_types: ['question']
- prefix_types: None
- model: facebook/mbart-large-cc25
- max_length: 512
- max_length_output: 32
- epoch: 11
- batch: 4
- lr: 0.0001
- fp16: False
- random_seed: 1
- gradient_accumulation_steps: 16
- label_smoothing: 0.15
The full configuration can be found at [fine-tuning config file](https://huggingface.co/lmqg/mbart-large-cc25-dequad-qg/raw/main/trainer_config.json).
## Citation
```
@inproceedings{ushio-etal-2022-generative,
title = "{G}enerative {L}anguage {M}odels for {P}aragraph-{L}evel {Q}uestion {G}eneration",
author = "Ushio, Asahi and
Alva-Manchego, Fernando and
Camacho-Collados, Jose",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = dec,
year = "2022",
address = "Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
}
```
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