What team won the 2015 Super Bowl?
What team did the Denver Broncos defeat to win their third Super Bowl title?
Where was Levi's Stadium?
What team won the 2015 Super Bowl?
What color was the anniversary of the 50th Super Bowl?
What was the theme of the 50th Super Bowl?
When was Super Bowl 50 played?
What does AFC stand for?
What was the theme of the 50th Super Bowl?
What does AFC stand for?
When was Super Bowl 50 played?
What team won the 2015 Super Bowl?
Where was Super Bowl 50 played?
Where was Levi's Stadium?
What would the game have been known as if the game had been named with Roman numerals?
In what year was Super Bowl 50 played?
In what year was Super Bowl 50 played?
Where was Levi's Stadium?
Where was Super Bowl 50 played?
How did the Denver Broncos defeat the Carolina Panthers in Super Bowl 50?
When was Super Bowl 50 played?
In what year was Super Bowl 50 played?
What team won the 2015 Super Bowl?
What team did the Denver Broncos defeat to win their third Super Bowl title?
What team won the 2015 Super Bowl?
In what year was Super Bowl 50 played?
What team won the 2015 Super Bowl?
Where was Levi's Stadium?
What was the 50th Super Bowl?
What team won the 2015 Super Bowl?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
How many Super Bowl appearances have the Broncos made?
When was the Panthers founded?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos deny a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos deny a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who did the Broncos deny a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
How many teams have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
What was the Panthers regular season record?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
What was the Broncos regular season record?
How many wins did the Broncos have in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos deny a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many wins did the Broncos have in the regular season?
Who did the Broncos deny a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who did the Broncos deny a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
When was the Panthers founded?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many 12 sacks did Von Miller have?
Which team took an early lead in Super Bowl 50 and never trailed?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller make?
Why did the Broncos sacked Newton seven times?
How many times was Newton sacked by Denver's defense?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many turnovers did Denver's defense force Newton into?
How many forced fumbles did Von Miller make?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
What position did Von Miller play?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller record?
How many 12 sacks did Von Miller have?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller record?
How many times was Newton sacked by Denver's defense?
How many turnovers did Denver's defense force Newton into?
What turnover did the Broncos recover for a touchdown?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
What position did Von Miller play?
How many times was Newton sacked by Denver's defense?
How many turnovers did Denver's defense force Newton into?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller make?
Who broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Who headlined the halftime show?
Who were the special guests on the halftime show?
Which halftime show was the third-most watched U.S. broadcast ever?
Who broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Who was a special guest on the halftime show?
Along with Beyoncé and Coldplay, who was a special guest on the halftime show?
Who headlined the halftime show?
Who broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Along with Beyoncé and Coldplay, who was a special guest on the halftime show?
Where did the Super Bowl 50 halftime show rank among most watched broadcasts in the U.S.?
Who broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Who headlined the halftime show?
Who were the special guests on the halftime show?
Who broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
Who headlined the halftime show?
Who were the special guests on the halftime show?
Which halftime show was the third-most watched U.S. broadcast ever?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Who headlined the halftime show?
Who were the special guests on the halftime show?
Along with Beyoncé and Coldplay, who was a special guest on the halftime show?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
What was the name of the game that the NFL planned to makespectacular?
In what year did Roger Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be'spectacular'?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
When did NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be'spectacular'?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
How did Roger Goodell describe the 50th Super Bowl?
How did Roger Goodell describe the 50th Super Bowl?
In what year did Roger Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be'spectacular'?
What is the name of the stadium that the league narrowed its bids to?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
What is the name of the stadium that the league narrowed its bids to?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
What is the name of the San Francisco Bay Area stadium?
What is the name of the San Francisco Bay Area stadium?
What is the name of the stadium in New Orleans?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
What three sites did the league narrow the bids to?
How many sites did the league narrow the bids to?
Where is the Mercedes-Benz Superdome located?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
Where is Levi's Stadium located?
What is the name of the San Francisco Bay Area stadium?
What is the name of Miami's stadium?
What is the name of the stadium in New Orleans?
What is the name of the San Francisco Bay Area stadium?
When did the league announce that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium?
How many times has the South Florida/Miami area hosted the Super Bowl?
What was the most recent Super Bowl hosted in the South Florida/Miami area?
When was Super Bowl XLIV held?
In what year did the San Francisco Bay Area last host Super Bowl XIX?
What stadium was the finalists for the 2012 Super Bowl?
When did the league announce that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium?
Where was Super Bowl XIX held?
When did the Florida legislature refuse to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
When was Super Bowl XLIV held?
How many finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium?
What was the most recent Super Bowl hosted in the South Florida/Miami area?
How many finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium?
Who refused to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
In what year did the San Francisco Bay Area last host Super Bowl XIX?
What city has hosted the Super Bowl the most times?
When did the league announce that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium?
How many times has the South Florida/Miami area hosted Super Bowl XLIV?
What city has hosted the Super Bowl the most times?
In what year did the San Francisco Bay Area last host Super Bowl XIX?
Who refused to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
On what date was the game awarded to Levi's Stadium?
Who voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost?
Where did Super Bowl XXXVII take place in 2003?
Where was the NFL's spring meeting held?
On what date was the game awarded to Levi's Stadium?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost?
What Super Bowl took place in San Diego in 2003?
Where did Super Bowl XXXVII take place in 2003?
In what year did the NFL owners vote to award the game to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost?
When was Super Bowl XIX held?
What Super Bowl took place in San Diego in 2003?
On what date was the game awarded to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
When did Super Bowl XXXVII take place in San Diego?
Where was the NFL's spring meeting held?
On what date was the game awarded to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost?
When did Super Bowl XXXVII take place in San Diego?
Who coached the Carolina Panthers in their last Super Bowl appearance?
How many teams have completed a regular season with only one loss?
How many teams have had a 15-1 record?
Who made their second Super Bowl appearance in franchise history?
Which Super Bowl did the Broncos reach?
Who coached the Carolina Panthers in their last Super Bowl appearance?
How many appearances have the Denver Broncos made in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have completed a regular season with only one loss?
What was the other Super Bowl appearance the Panthers made?
How many teams have had a 15-1 record?
What is the number of seeds from both conferences in the Super Bowl?
What is the number of seeds from both conferences in the Super Bowl?
Which Super Bowl did the Broncos reach?
What was the last time the Panthers appeared in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have had a 15-1 record?
How many seeds from both conferences were in the Super Bowl for the third straight season?
How many teams have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Who coached the Carolina Panthers in their last Super Bowl appearance?
Who did the Carolina Panthers waive in the preseason?
Who did the Panthers lose to a torn ACL in the preseason?
How many All-Pro selections did the Panthers get in the Pro Bowl?
When did the league expand to a 16-game schedule?
What team had the best regular season in franchise history?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
How many All-Pro selections did the Carolina Panthers make?
Who did the Panthers lose to a torn ACL in the preseason?
When did the league expand to a 16-game schedule?
In what year did the New Orleans Saints set a record of 13-0?
What year did the Green Bay Packers break the 13-0 record?
What injury caused the loss of wide receiver Kelvin Benjamin?
Who did the Panthers lose to a torn ACL in the preseason?
Who did the Carolina Panthers waive in the preseason?
When did the league expand to a 16-game schedule?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
What team had the best regular season in franchise history?
When did the league expand to a 16-game schedule?
What team had the best regular season in franchise history?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
How many total touchdowns did Cam Newton score?
How many interceptions did Ted Ginn Jr. have?
How many punts did Ginn return?
Who was Newton's leading receiver?
How many total touchdowns did Cam Newton score?
What was Cam Newton's career-best quarterback rating?
How many passes did tight end Greg Olsen catch?
What was tight end Greg Olsen's leading position?
Who led the Panthers with 989 rushing yards and six touchdowns in 13 games?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
Who was a Pro Bowl quarterback?
How many yards did Cam Newton throw?
How many total touchdowns did Cam Newton score?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
How many points did the Panthers score?
How many yards did Cam Newton throw?
How many total touchdowns did Cam Newton score?
What was Cam Newton's career-best quarterback rating?
How many receptions for 485 yards did veteran Jerricho Cotchery catch?
How many points did the Panthers defense give up?
How many sacks did Allen have in his career?
How many tackles did Luke Kuechly have?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
Who led the Panthers in sacks with 11?
How many interceptions did the Panthers have?
Who led the Panthers in sacks with 11?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
Who led the Panthers with a career high seven interceptions?
How many interceptions did the Panthers have?
Who had 5 sacks in 9 starts?
Who led the Panthers in tackles?
How many fumbles did Short recover?
Who was hired as the new Denver Broncos head coach?
Who took over as the starter for most of the remainder of the regular season?
What team was Peyton Manning's rookie year with?
What team did the Broncos lose to in Week 17?
Who was the Broncos' defensive coordinator?
How many division championships did John Fox win as Broncos head coach?
Who was hired as the new Denver Broncos head coach?
What team was Peyton Manning's rookie year with?
How old was Peyton Manning in 2015?
What injury caused Peyton Manning's worst statistical season since his rookie year with the Indianapolis Colts?
Who was hired as the new Denver Broncos head coach?
Who had his worst statistical season since his rookie year with the Indianapolis Colts in 1998?
What injury caused Peyton Manning to have his worst statistical season since his rookie year with the Indianapolis Colts?
How old was Peyton Manning in 2015?
How many division championships did John Fox win as Broncos head coach?
Who was the head coach of the Denver Broncos?
Who had his worst statistical season since his rookie year with the Indianapolis Colts in 1998?
Who was hired as the new Denver Broncos head coach?
In what part of his foot did Manning suffer a partial tear?
Who was the Broncos' defensive coordinator?
What was Manning's passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns?
Who was the team's leading rusher 863 yards and seven touchdowns?
How many touchdowns did Osweiler throw?
What was Manning's passer rating?
How many yards did Manning throw?
How many touchdowns did Manning throw?
Who led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns?
What position did Demaryius Thomas hold?
What was Manning's passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns?
How many receptions did Demaryius Thomas have?
What was Manning's passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who caught 76 passes for 1,135 yards and six scores?
Who was the team's leading rusher 863 yards and seven touchdowns?
What was Ronnie Hillman's yards per carry average?
How many yards allowed did the Broncos have?
How many sacks did Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson each have?
Who led the Broncos in total tackles with 109?
How many interceptions did Aqib Talib have?
What position did DeMarcus Ware play?
What position did DeMarcus Ware play?
What were Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson?
How many points allowed did the Broncos have?
Who led the Broncos with 11 sacks?
Who led the Broncos in total tackles with 109?
How many interceptions did Aqib Talib have?
Who led the Broncos with 11 sacks?
Who led the Broncos in total tackles with 109?
Who had 512 sacks?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many yards did the Panthers gain in the NFC Championship Game?
How many turnovers did the Panthers force in the NFC Championship Game?
What was the margin of victory for the Panthers in the second half?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
What was the margin of victory for the Panthers in the second half?
How many yards did the Panthers gain in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many turnovers did the Panthers force in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
How did the Panthers beat the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many yards did the Panthers gain in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
How many points did the Broncos score in the final three minutes of the game?
Who was the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion?
How much did the Broncos win in the AFC Championship Game?
How long did it take for the Broncos to intercept a pass?
What team defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round?
How did the Broncos beat the Steelers in the divisional round?
Who was the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion?
How many seconds left on the clock did the Broncos have to intercept a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt?
Who didn't throw any interceptions in the Broncos' two playoff games?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
How many points did the Broncos score in the final three minutes of the game?
Who was the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
Who was the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion?
How many seconds left on the clock did the Broncos have to intercept a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt?
Who broke his arm in the NFC Championship Game?
What injury did Thomas Davis suffer in the NFC Championship Game?
How many ACL tears did Davis have in his career?
How many years was Davis?
How many injuries did Davis have in his career?
What did Thomas Davis break in the NFC Championship Game?
How many years was Davis?
In what game did Thomas Davis say he would play?
How many ACL tears did Davis have in his career?
What injury did Thomas Davis suffer in the NFC Championship Game?
How many years was Davis?
Who broke his arm in the NFC Championship Game?
At what age is Peyton Manning the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
Who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
How old was John Elway when he led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What position does John Elway hold in Denver?
What team did John Elway lead to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What team did John Elway lead to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
How old was John Elway when he led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who was the first quarterback to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls?
How many different teams did Manning lead to multiple Super Bowls?
How many different teams did Manning lead to multiple Super Bowls?
Who was the first quarterback to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls?
Who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
In what Super Bowl did the Broncos win?
Who was the first quarterback to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls?
How old is Peyton Manning to play in a Super Bowl?
Who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
In what year was Manning the #1 pick in the NFL draft?
In what year was Newton the #1 pick in the NFL draft?
How old was Newton in 2011?
What was the largest age difference between opposing Super Bowl quarterbacks?
Who was the top pick of the 2011 NFL draft for Denver?
Who was the #1 pick in the 1998 NFL draft?
Who set the record for the largest age difference between opposing Super Bowl quarterbacks?
How old was Newton in 2011?
What was the first Super Bowl to feature on both teams who was the #1 pick in their draft classes?
In what year was Manning the #1 pick in the NFL draft?
In what year was Newton the #1 pick in the NFL draft?
Who was the top pick of the 2011 NFL draft for Denver?
In what year was Newton the #1 pick of the 1998 NFL draft?
How old was Newton in 2011?
What was the largest age difference between opposing Super Bowl quarterbacks?
In what Super Bowl did Rivera play?
What team did Rivera play for in Super Bowl XX?
What was Rivera's position with the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
Who did Kubiak replace at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV?
Which team lost Super Bowls XXI and XXIV?
What was Rivera's position with the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
Who did Kubiak replace at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV?
Who was a linebacker for the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
In what Super Bowl did Rivera play?
Who was the Baltimore Ravens kicker in 2015?
What type of turf was used to re-sod the Levi's Stadium field?
Who was the field director of the Atlanta Braves?
What team's kicker slipped and missed a field goal?
Who was Justin Tucker?
Who was the Baltimore Ravens kicker in 2015?
Who was Justin Tucker?
What was the new playing surface used in the 2015 Super Bowl?
Who was the Baltimore Ravens kicker in 2015?
What did the NFL re-sodded the field with?
What was the new playing surface used in the 2015 Super Bowl?
What did players need to change during the game?
Who was the Baltimore Ravens kicker in 2015?
What type of stadiums are usually used for Super Bowl games?
Which team chose to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants?
How did the Broncos beat the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who did the Broncos defeat in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What color were the Broncos' jerseys?
In what Super Bowl did the Broncos last wear matching white jerseys and pants?
In what Super Bowl did the Broncos last wear matching white jerseys and pants?
How did the Broncos beat the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who did the Broncos defeat in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What color were the Broncos' jerseys?
What did the Broncos wear as their designated home team?
Who was the only AFC champion team to wear white as the designated home team in the Super Bowl?
In what Super Bowl did the Broncos last wear matching white jerseys and pants?
What color were the Broncos' jerseys in Super Bowl XXXII?
What color are the Broncos' jerseys?
What would the Panthers wear as their standard home uniform?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Broncos stay?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos stay?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Broncos stay?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Broncos stay?
When did the NFL announce that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals would be temporarily suspended?
Where was the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals established?
Who is the league's vice president of brand and creative?
When was the standardized logo template introduced?
Whose Trophy does the new logo feature large numerals behind?
In what year did the NFL suspend the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals?
The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for what game?
What is the letter "L" in the NF's logo?
What color are the numerals behind the Vince Lombardi Trophy?
When did the NFL announce that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals would be temporarily suspended?
What will the game be named using?
What is the letter "L" in the logo?
What color are the numerals behind the Vince Lombardi Trophy?
The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for what Super Bowl?
What type of numerals were used for Super Bowl 50?
The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for which Super Bowl?
What type of footballs were given to each high school that had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
When did all sideline jackets and hats feature gold-trimmed logos?
How many yards were colored gold on fields in the 2015 Super Bowl?
What type of footballs were given to each high school that had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
What type of footballs were given to each high school that had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
What was the title of the 2015 NFL season?
What were given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
Where was the numbering of the gold-tinted logos painted on fields?
What type of footballs were given to each high school that had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
Where was the NFL Experience held?
Where is the Moscone Center?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
Who unsuccessfully lobbied for the NFL to reimburse San Francisco for city services in the amount of $5 million?
When did "Super Bowl City" open?
How many people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
Where was the NFL Experience held?
What city opened on January 30?
Where was the NFL Experience held?
What city opened on January 30?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
What city opened on January 30?
How many people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week?
Who said the homeless in San Francisco were going to have to leave?
How much money did the NFL want to reimburse San Francisco for city services?
What was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco?
Where is Bellomy Field?
How much money does the city of Santa Clara have for other ancillary events?
How long is the event at the Santa Clara Convention Center?
How much money does the city of Santa Clara have for other ancillary events?
What is one of the ancillary events?
Who is needed to help fund the event?
Where is the beer, wine and food festival held?
Who will assist in finding business sponsors and individual donors?
Who is needed to help fund the event?
How much money does the city of Santa Clara have for other ancillary events?
Who is needed to help fund the event?
On what day was the Super Bowl's media day moved to?
On what day was the game's media day normally held?
Where was the Super Bowl's media day held?
Where is the SAP Center?
What replica was used for the opening ceremony?
On what day was the game's media day normally held?
On what day was the Super Bowl's media day moved to?
What was the game's media day re-branded as?
Where was the Super Bowl's media day held?
Where is the SAP Center?
When was the game's media day usually held?
What was the game's media day re-branded as?
Where was the Super Bowl's media day held?
What replica was used for the opening ceremony?
On what day was the Super Bowl's media day moved to?
What was the game's media day re-branded as?
Where was the Super Bowl's media day held?
What replica was used for the opening ceremony?
When was the Super Bowl Opening Night held?
What is the name of the Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
How much money has the host committee raised?
Along with Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap, Chevron, and the host committee, what company has raised over $40 million?
What company is a sponsor of the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
Along with Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap, and Dignity Health, what company is a sponsor of the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
Who is the host of the Super Bowl for the first time?
How much money has the host committee raised?
Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap, Chevron, and Dignity Health are some of what?
What is the name of the Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
What is the name of the Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
How much money has the host committee raised?
How much of the money it raises for philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the philanthropic initiative created by the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
How much of the money the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee raises will go to philanthropic causes?
What is the name of the philanthropic initiative created by the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
What has the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee vowed to be?
How much of the money the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee raises will go to philanthropic causes?
What is the name of the philanthropic initiative created by the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
How much of the money the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee raises will go to philanthropic causes?
What is the name of the philanthropic initiative created by the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
Who is the winner of the Super Bowl 50?
How many karats is the gold-plated "50"?
How many pounds will each digit of the "50" weigh?
Who designed the "50"?
Who designed the "50"?
What trophy do all Super Bowl champions receive?
What metal is used to make the "50"?
Who designed the "50"?
What trophy do all Super Bowl champions receive?
Who designed the "50"?
Who televised the Super Bowl in the US?
Who was the network's lead broadcast team?
Who was on the sidelines during the Super Bowl?
How many cameras were on the upper deck of the Super Bowl?
What resolution were the cameras upgraded to for Super Bowl 50?
How many broadcast partners of the NFL are there in the U.S.?
Where were Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn on the broadcast team?
What kind of view did EyeVision 360 provide?
What resolution were the cameras upgraded to for Super Bowl 50?
Where were Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn on the broadcast team?
Who televised the Super Bowl in the US?
How many broadcast partners of the NFL are there in the U.S.?
Who televised the Super Bowl in the US?
Who were the network's lead broadcasters during the Super Bowl?
Who were on the sidelines during the Super Bowl?
What resolution were the cameras upgraded to for Super Bowl 50?
What new features did CBS introduce during the Super Bowl?
Who was the Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
Who was the sideline reporter for ESPN Deportes?
Who was a member of the ESPN Deportes' Monday Night Football commentary crew?
When did ESPN Deportes announce they had reached an agreement with CBS and the NFL to be the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
What language was ESPN Deportes the exclusive broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
Who does not have a Spanish-language outlet of its own that could broadcast the Super Bowl?
Who was the Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
Who was the sideline reporter for ESPN Deportes?
Who was the Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
Who were the two members of ESPN Deportes' Monday Night Football commentary crew?
Who was the sideline reporter for ESPN Deportes?
What service was only available to Verizon Wireless customers?
How was the ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast made available?
Where did CBS provide digital streams of the NFL game?
On what device were CBS Sports apps available?
What version of Windows did CBS Sports apps run on?
Where did CBS provide digital streams of the NFL game?
On what device were CBS Sports apps available?
Who had access to the NFL Mobile service?
What service was only available to Verizon Wireless customers?
What company was the only one to provide streaming on smartphones?
What service was only available to Verizon Wireless customers?
What did CBS provide via CBSSports.com?
What company was the only one to provide streaming on smartphones?
Where was the ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast made available?
What is the name of the show that CBS aired after the game?
After a break for local programming, CBS aired a special episode of what show?
What is the name of the show that CBS aired after the game?
After a break for local programming, CBS aired a special episode of what show?
What is the name of the show that CBS aired after the game?
What type of programming did CBS take a break from during the Super Bowl?
What was the name of the show that CBS aired after a break for local programming?
What was the base rate for a 30-second advertisement?
Who did CBS sign a multi-year contract with to air multiple ads during the Super Bowl at a steep discount?
Who was a longtime sponsor of the game?
Nintendo and The Pokémon Company made their Super Bowl debut by promoting what anniversary of the Pokémon video game and media franchise?
What was the base rate for a 30-second advertisement?
Who did CBS sign a multi-year contract with to air multiple ads during the Super Bowl at a steep discount?
Who was a longtime sponsor of the game?
What company was the Pokémon Company a part of?
Nintendo and what company made their Super Bowl debut?
Who did CBS sign a multi-year contract with to air multiple ads during the Super Bowl at a steep discount?
Who was a longtime sponsor of the game?
Who did CBS sign a multi-year contract with to air multiple ads during the Super Bowl at a steep discount?
Who was a longtime sponsor of the game?
What was the name of Doritos' contest that allowed viewers to create their own ads for a chance to have them aired during the game?
What contest did QuickBooks sponsor?
Who was the winner of the Small Business Big Game commercial?
How long was the commercial?
How many competitors did Death Wish Coffee beat?
Who was the winner of the Small Business Big Game commercial?
How many competitors did Death Wish Coffee beat?
Who sponsored the Small Business Big Game?
Who was the winner of the Small Business Big Game commercial?
How many other con's did Death Wish Coffee beat out for the free ad?
Who sponsored the Small Business Big Game?
Who was the winner of the Small Business Big Game commercial?
Who did Universal pay for the debut trailer for?
What movie did Lionsgate pay for?
What movie did Paramount pay for?
What was the name of the movie that was aired on Independence Day?
What movie did Lionsgate pay for?
What movie did Paramount pay for?
Who did Universal pay for the debut trailer for?
What movie did Disney pay for?
On what day was Eddie the Eagle released?
Who paid for The Secret Life of Pets?
Who paid for Deadpool, X-Men: Apocalypse, Independence Day: Resurgence and Eddie the Eagle?
Who will carry the game throughout North America?
Who is the play-by-play announcer?
Who will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage?
Who is the play-by-play announcer?
Who is Mark Malone's sideline reporter?
How many od Ones will carry the game throughout North America?
Who is the play-by-play announcer?
Who will carry the game throughout North America?
Who is the play-by-play announcer?
Who will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage?
Who is the play-by-play announcer?
Who are the color analysts?
Who are the sideline reporters?
What will Jim Gray anchor?
Where will Westwood One carry the game?
What station in Denver will carry the game?
Who is on play-by-play on KRFX?
What station in North Carolina will carry the game?
Where is WBT-FM based?
Who is on play-by-play on WBT?
Who is on play-by-play on KRFX?
Who is on color commentary for KRFX?
What station in North Carolina will carry the game?
Who is on play-by-play on WBT?
Which stations in Denver will carry the game?
What is the name of WBT's sister station?
Who will carry the contest in the United Kingdom?
Along with BBC Radio 5 Live, what broadcaster will carry the contest in the United Kingdom?
Along with Greg Brady, Rocky Boiman, and Greg Brady, who is the BBC's British English broadcaster?
Who will carry the contest in the United Kingdom?
Who is the BBC's British English broadcaster?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowls I and II?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl V?
Who is the current Broncos quarterback?
When did Harvey Martin die?
Who is the current Broncos quarterback?
How many of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players were introduced?
Who is the current Broncos quarterback?
Who was the co-MVP of Super Bowl XII?
How many previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players were there?
How many of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players were introduced?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowls I and II?
Who is the current Broncos quarterback?
Who was the co-MVP of Super Bowl XII?
How many times has Lady Gaga performed the national anthem?
What did Lady Gaga perform?
What award did Marlee Matlin win?
What did Lady Gaga perform?
What does ASL stand for?
Who performed the national anthem?
Who provided American Sign Language translation?
Who performed the national anthem?
Who provided American Sign Language translation?
Who performed the national anthem?
How many times has Lady Gaga performed the national anthem?
Who provided American Sign Language translation?
When did the league confirm that Coldplay would headline the halftime show?
What nationality was Coldplay?
What halftime show did Beyoncé headline?
What single did Beyoncé collaborate with Coldplay on?
What halftime show did Bruno Mars headline?
Who headlined the halftime show?
Who confirmed that Beyoncé would be appearing at the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show?
What single did Beyoncé collaborate with Coldplay on?
Who headlined the halftime show?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show?
What single did Beyoncé collaborate with Coldplay on?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show?
Who took the opening kickoff?
Who did Peyton Manning throw a 22-yard pass to?
Who did Shaq Thompson tackle for a 3-yard loss?
Who scored a 34-yard field goal?
Who moved the ball up 20 yards to the Panthers 14-yard line?
How many yards did Peyton Manning pass to tight end Owen Daniels?
Who tackled Ronnie Hillman?
Who scored a 34-yard field goal?
What was the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing a deficit?
Who took the opening kickoff?
What tight end did Peyton Manning pass to?
Who moved the ball up 20 yards to the Panthers 14-yard line?
Who scored a 34-yard field goal?
What was the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing a deficit?
Who was a CBS analyst and retired referee?
What Panthers quarterback appeared to complete a 24-yard pass to Jerricho Cotchery?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered the ball for a Broncos touchdown?
In what Super Bowl was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Who did Cam Newton appear to complete after each team punted?
Who was a CBS analyst and retired referee?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered the ball for a Broncos touchdown?
In what year was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Who was a CBS analyst and retired referee?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered the ball for a Broncos touchdown?
In what Super Bowl was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
Whose punt did Jordan Norwood receive?
How many yards did the Broncos have left in the second quarter?
How many yards did Jordan Norwood return for a Super Bowl record?
How many yards did McManus kick?
How many yards did Newton pass for?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
How long was the second quarter?
Who took off for a Super Bowl record 61-yard return?
How many yards did McManus kick?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
What did McManus kick that increased Carolina's lead to 13-7?
Who tackled fullback Mike Tolbert?
What position did Danny Trevathan hold?
Who intercepted a Manning pass?
Who was sacked by DeMarcus Ware?
Who sacked Newton?
Who lost a fumble on Carolina's next possession?
Who intercepted a Manning pass?
How many yards did Kony Ealy return the ball to the Panthers 39-yard line?
Who sacked Newton?
Who lost a fumble on Carolina's next possession?
Who recovered the fumble on the Broncos 40-yard line?
Who intercepted a Manning pass?
What did the Panthers have to do in order to gain yards?
Who sacked Newton?
Who did Newton pass to on the Panthers' second offensive play?
Who hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt?
How many yards was Gano's field goal attempt?
Who scored a 33-yard field goal for the Broncos?
Who intercepted the Newton pass?
Who did Newton pass to on the Panthers' second offensive play?
What did Graham Gano hit on a 44-yard field goal attempt?
Who fumbled the ball during the return?
Who recovered the ball for the Panthers?
Who did Newton pass to on the Panthers' second offensive play?
Where did the Broncos defense stop the drive?
Who hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt?
Who did Manning pass to for gains of 25 and 22 yards?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand on the next play?
How many yards was Gano's field goal?
Who had a 16-yard reception?
Who set up Gano's 39-yard field goal?
How far did the Broncos drive to the Panthers?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand on the next play?
Where did Ealy recover the ball on the next play?
What did the next three drives of the game end in?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand on the next play?
Where did Ealy recover the ball on the next play?
How long was Gano's field goal?
How many drives of the game would end in punts?
How many yards did Carolina have on their own?
Who did Miller strip the ball away from?
Who received a holding penalty on cornerback?
Who scored on a 2-yard touchdown run?
Who did Manning pass to for a 2-point conversion?
Who stripped the ball away from Newton?
Who returned the ball to the Panthers?
Who did Miller strip the ball away from?
Who received a holding penalty on cornerback?
How long did it take for the Broncos to take a 24-10 lead?
How long did it take Carolina to get the ball on their own 24-yard line with a chance to mount a game-winning drive?
Who stripped the ball away from Newton?
Who returned the ball to the Panthers?
How many plays were Denver's offense kept out of the end zone?
Who scored on a 2-yard touchdown run?
How many solo tackles did Ware have?
How many touchdowns did Manning have?
How many receptions did Charles Johnson have for 10 yards?
Who had seven total tackles?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
How many touchdowns did Manning have?
Who was the game's leading rusher?
Who was Manning's top receiver?
Who had seven total tackles?
Who was Manning's top receiver?
Who was the game's leading rusher?
How many field goals did McManus make?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
How many receptions did Charles Johnson have for 10 yards?
How many yards and 11 first downs were the lowest totals by a winning team in a Super Bowl?
How many first downs did the Broncos have?
Who had the previous record of 244 yards in Super Bowl XXXV?
Whose 61-yard punt return set a new record?
Who was the oldest quarterback to win a Super Bowl at age 39?
How many yards and 11 first downs were the lowest totals by a winning team in a Super Bowl?
How many first downs did the Broncos have?
Who set a Super Bowl record with seven sacks in Super Bowl XX?
What team had seven sacks in Super Bowl XX?
How many first downs did the Denver Broncos have?
How many first downs did the Broncos have?
What team had seven sacks in Super Bowl XX?
Who set a Super Bowl record with seven sacks in Super Bowl XX?
How many teams had a combined third down conversion percentage of 13.8?
What award did Maria Skodowska-Curie win?
When was Casimir Pulaski born?
Who was the first female recipient of the Nobel Prize?
Wadysaw Szpilman and Frédéric Chopin are what?
How old was Chopin when he moved to Warsaw?
How many species of trees are in the Saxon Garden?
What garden was remodelled in the 19th century?
What was formally a royal garden?
Where is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier located?
What park covers the area of 76 ha?
How far is the Vistula river from Warsaw?
What are some of the animals in the Vistula river's habitat?
How many natural reserves are in Warsaw?
How many lakes are in Warsaw?
Why are most lakes emptied before winter?
What is the most diverse city in Poland?
How many of Warsaw's 1,178,914 inhabitants were of the Polish mother tongue in 1933?
What percentage of the population was Jewish in 1897?
What minority was there in Warsaw?
What is most of the modern day population growth based on?
What is the second academic school of technology in the country?
How many professors are employed at the Warsaw University of Technology?
What is the largest medical school in Poland?
When was the University of Warsaw established?
What is the oldest and largest music school in Poland?
When was the University Library founded?
How many items are in the University Library?
Who designed the University Library?
Who designed the University Library garden?
How large is the roof garden of the University Library?
What did Warsaw suffer from during its time as an Eastern Bloc economy?
What was the initial plan to rebuild Poland?
What is one of the reasons Warsaw has seen many improvements over the past decade?
What has happened to the city's metro, roads, sidewalks, health care facilities and sanitation facilities?
What city has some of the best medical facilities in Poland and East-Central Europe?
What is the highest-reference hospital in all of Poland?
What is one of the largest and most modern oncological institutions in Europe?
How many beds are in the clinical section of the Maria Skodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology?
What has happened to the infrastructure of the hospital over the past years?
What type of venue is the Teatr Wielki?
What kind of events does Warsaw host?
Where is the Congress Hall?
Where is the Jazz Jamboree?
Warsaw hosts many events and what?
What is the Saxon Garden?
What is Ogród Saski?
When was the Summer Theatre in operation?
What was the name of Warsaw's first literary cabaret?
What was the best example of "Polish monumental theatre"?
What is the Polish festival for wreaths called?
How many people gather on the banks of the Vistula on Midsummer's Night?
On what day does Wianki take place?
What do the maidens float their wreaths of herbs on the water to predict?
What flower is searched for on Midsummer's Eve?
What does the Museum of Posters have one of the largest collections of in the world?
How many museums are in Warsaw?
What type of museum is the National Museum?
What is from Adolf Hitler's private collection?
What does the Museum of the Polish Army depict?
Where can a fine tribute to the fall of Warsaw be found?
Where is the Warsaw Uprising Museum?
What type of theatre is the Warsaw Fotoplastikon?
What preserves patriotic and political objects connected with Poland's struggles for independence?
How many rooms are in the Warsaw Historical Museum?
Where is the Centre for Contemporary Art located?
How many projects does the Centre for Contemporary Art realize a year?
What is the oldest exhibition site in Warsaw?
Who does the Zachta National Gallery of Art organize exhibitions of?
When is Warsaw Gallery Weekend held?
What is Polonia's local rival?
In what year did Polonia win the country's championship?
How many times did Polonia win the cup?
Where is Polonia's home venue?
Why was Polonia relegated from the country's top flight in 2013?
What is the mermaid called?
What is Warsaw's symbol?
How long has the mermaid been in use?
What year is the oldest seal of Warsaw?
What did the poet Zygmunt Laukowski ask in 1653?
What is not fully known about the origin of the figure?
Where did Triton's daughters go on a journey?
Where did one of Triton's daughters stay?
Where was the second mermaid resting?
What did a greedy merchant do to the mermaid?
Where was Tamara de Lempicka born?
When did Tamara de Lempicka marry Tadeusz empicki?
What style did Tamara de Lempicka represent?
What was Nathan Alterman's profession?
Who wrote many of his novels in Warsaw?
Who ranked Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world in 2012?
When did the Economist Intelligence Unit rank Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world?
How is Warsaw's economy characterized?
What exchange is one of the largest and most important in Central and Eastern Europe?
Who is the European Union agency for external border security?
When was the first historical reference to Warsaw?
What city was the Polish capital in 1313?
When did King Sigismund III Vasa move his court from Kraków to Warsaw?
Who moved his court from Kraków to Warsaw?
Why did Warsaw gain the title of the "Phoenix City"?
What type of archdiocese is the city of Warsaw?
What is the most famous university in Warsaw?
What was the historic city-centre of Warsaw listed as in 1980?
What type of buildings are found in Warsaw?
What is a quarter of the city filled with?
What is Warsaw's name in the Polish language?
What does Warszawa mean?
What was Warsz's occupation?
What did Warsz own?
What is the official city name in full?
Where were the first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw?
Who was Bolesaw II of Masovia?
When did Bolesaw II of Masovia establish Warsaw?
When did Warsaw become the capital of the Masovian Duchy?
When was the duchy reincorporated into the Polish Crown?
Who was the seat of Warsaw for the first time in 1529?
When did the General Sejm become permanent?
What did the Warsaw Confederation establish in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
Why did Warsaw become the capital of the Commonwealth?
When did King Sigismund III Vasa move his court from Kraków to Warsaw?
How long did Warsaw remain the capital of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
What kingdom annexed Warsaw in 1796?
Who liberated Warsaw in 1806?
When was the Congress of Vienna?
When was the Royal University of Warsaw established?
How long was Warsaw occupied by Germany?
What areas did the Allied Armistice terms require Germany to withdraw from?
Who set up the Second Polish Republic?
When was the Polish-Bolshevik War?
Who was defeated in the Battle of Warsaw?
When did the Germans invade Poland?
What was the General Government?
How much of the city was Jewish?
When was the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising launched?
How long did the Ghetto hold out?
Who was pursuing the Germans toward Warsaw?
Why did the Polish government-in-exile in London give orders to the underground Home Army to try to seize control of Warsaw?
When did the Warsaw Uprising begin?
How long did the Warsaw Uprising last?
How many Polish civilians died in the Warsaw Uprising?
What campaign was initiated after World War II?
What type of housing projects were erected in Warsaw to address the housing shortage?
What type of city is Warsaw?
What is one of the typical buildings of an Eastern Bloc city?
Warsaw's Old Town was inscribed on what list in 1980?
Who was the pope in 1979?
What did John Paul II's visits to Poland encourage?
How long after becoming pope did John Paul II celebrate Mass in Warsaw?
Where did John Paul II celebrate Mass in 1979?
What did the Polish citizens see the words of John Paul II as?
How many kilometers from the Carpathian Mountains is Warsaw?
How many miles east of Berlin is Warsaw?
What river does Warsaw straddle?
How tall is Szczliwice hill?
Where is the lowest point of Warsaw?
How many main geomorphologic formations is Warsaw located on?
What is the name of the valley with its asymmetrical pattern of different terraces?
Warsaw Escarpment is located on what plateau?
What is the specific axis of Warsaw?
What is the edge of the moraine plateau called?
What plateau has only a few natural and artificial ponds?
What is the highest level of the Vistula terraces?
What is visible on the contemporary flooded terrace?
What terraces are flooded as well as former flooded once?
What type of forest is present in the forested areas of Warsaw?
What does Warsaw's mix of architectural styles reflect?
When was Warsaw razed?
When did rebuilding begin in Warsaw?
What is an example of a building from the 19th century that was eradicated in the 1950s and 1960s?
What was the basic design of the residential blocks?
What type of architecture is represented in the majestic churches?
When was St. John's Cathedral built?
St. John's Cathedral is a typical example of what style?
The house of Baryczko merchant family (1562) is an example of what type of architecture?
What type of architecture is the Royal Castle?
During what century did building activity occur in numerous noble palaces and churches?
When was St. Kazimierz Church built?
What type of architecture is Czapski Palace?
What type of architecture in Warsaw can be described by the simplicity of the geometrical forms teamed with a great inspiration from the Roman period?
When was the Palace on the Water rebuilt?
What type of architecture was not restored by the communist authorities after the war?
What happened to Exceptional examples of bourgeois architecture after the war?
What style was the Warsaw Philharmony edifice originally inspired by Palais Garnier?
What is the most interesting of the late 19th-century architecture?
What are the Saxon Palace and Brühl Palace?
How many places are there commemorating the heroic history of Warsaw?
What is the name of the infamous German Gestapo prison now occupied by a Mausoleum of Memory of Martyrdom and the museum?
What was a place of martyr for the Poles?
Who is the statue of Little Insurgent located at the ramparts of the Old Town?
What was erected in memory of the largest insurrection of World War II?
What type of space is the Botanic Garden?
Where is the palm house located?
What is the name of the big park in the northern Mokotów?
What park is close to the Sejm and John Lennon street?
In what year was a zoological garden established on the park grounds?
Why is the flora of Warsaw so rich?
Where is Bielany Forest located?
Bielany Forest is the remaining part of what?
What is the name of the forest by the southern city border?
How many botanic gardens are in Warsaw?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1939?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1945?
When was the Warsaw area enlargement?
What did Varsovians think of themselves because they lived in the capital?
What type of limitations were introduced in 1951?
What type of city has Warsaw been?
How many people were Catholic in the 1901 census?
What percentage of the population was Catholic in 1901?
How many Protestants lived in Warsaw in 1901?
When was the Warsaw Uprising?
What is the basic unit of territorial division in Poland?
What are the units of the second level of territorial division called?
Where are the registration numbers of powiat grodzki of the same type for all districts?
What is the name of the unicameral body that has Legislative power in Warsaw?
How many members are in the Warsaw City Council?
How often are the members of the Warsaw City Council elected?
What does the City Council divide itself into?
How long does the City Council have to override a veto?
What is the name of the mayor of Warsaw?
Who was the first Warsaw President?
When was Jan Andrzej Menich president?
Who elects the President of Warsaw?
In the years of 1994-1999, the mayor of what district was automatically designated as the President of Warsaw?
What is the name of Warsaw's city center?
How many companies were registered in Warsaw in 2006?
What type of market is Warsaw ranked as the 7th greatest?
How much of Poland's national income does Warsaw produce?
What was the GDP of Warsaw in 2010?
When was Warsaw's first stock exchange established?
When did Warsaw's first stock exchange stop trading?
When was the Warsaw Stock Exchange re-established?
How many companies are listed on the WSE?
What was the PZPR?
When was the FSO Car Factory established?
What was the name of the vehicle that was assembled at the FSO Car Factory?
Who purchased the FSO Car Factory in 1995?
Who sold the FSO Car Factory in 2005?
What vehicle was assembled at the factory?
What is the Polish name for Warsaw?
What is the capital of Poland?
On what river is Warsaw located?
How many people live in the greater metropolitan area of Warsaw?
Where does Warsaw rank among the most populous cities in the European Union?
What is the capital of Poland?
What river is Warsaw located on?
How far is Warsaw from the Baltic Sea?
How many people live in the greater metropolitan area of Warsaw?
Where does Warsaw rank among the most populous cities in the European Union?
Where is Normandy located?
When did the Normans give their name to Normandy?
What countries were raiders and pirates from?
Who was the leader of the Normans?
When did the distinct cultural and ethnic identity of the Normans emerge?
Who was the duke that led the expedition that led to the Norman conquest of England?
Who forged the Duchy of Normandy into a cohesive and formidable principality in feudal tenure?
What orthodoxy did the Normans adopt?
What does Norseman mean?
When was the Medieval Latin recorded?
When did the Duchy of Normandy begin?
Who was the King of West Francia?
What river was the Duchy of Normandy down to?
Who raided and eventually settled Normandy?
What religion did the descendants of Rollo's Vikings replace the Norse language with?
Where was the Norman culture located?
What did Normandy export in 1066?
When did the Saracen attack occur?
Whose shrine did the Normans visit in 1016?
Where was the shrine of the Archangel Michael?
Who was the Hauteville leader?
Who was the elected leader of the Hauteville family?
From whom did the Normans capture Sicily and Malta?
When was Roger II of Sicily crowned king?
Where is William Iron Arm's citadel?
What was the name of the treatise written for king Roger II of Sicily?
What does Kitab Rudjdjar mean?
What type of bureaucracy existed alongside the Norman nobles?
Who did the Normans fight against?
When did Hervé serve as a Byzantine general?
When did Robert Crispin lead the Normans of Edessa against the Turks?
Who stopped Roussel de Bailleul?
What was the name of the castle that the Normans lent their ethnicity to?
Who led a force of "Franks" into the upper Euphrates valley in northern Syria?
What forces did some Normans join to aid in the destruction of the Armenian vassal-states of Sassoun and Taron?
Several families of Byzantine Greece were of what origin?
Who drove the Byzantines out of southern Italy?
In what year did the garrison of Dyrrachium resist the Normans?
How many men were in Robert's army in 1081?
Where was the citadel of Mili on the banks of the river?
Who was Robert's son?
Where was the citadel of Mili on the banks of the river?
In what year did the Norman army invade Dyrrachium?
What was one of the most important naval bases of the Adriatic?
Dyrrachium was one of the most important naval bases of what area?
Who fled to Normandy in 1013?
Who was the Duke of Normandy?
Where did Ethelred stay in 1013?
Who forced Ethelred from his kingdom?
Who was Edward's half-brother?
When did Edward the Confessor return from his father's refuge?
Who was appointed archbishop of Canterbury?
At what battle did Duke William II kill King Harold II?
Who was the Duke of Normandy in 1066?
When did Duke William II of Normandy conquer England?
Who did the Normans replace as the ruling class of England?
What language did Middle English evolve into?
When did the Normans invade Bannow Bay?
Where did the Normans settle?
The Normans had a profound effect on what culture and history?
Who was one of the claimants of the English throne opposing William the Conqueror?
Who married Edgar's sister Margaret?
When did William invade Scotland?
What was the name of Malcolm's son?
Who did King David I of Scotland's elder brother marry?
What ancestry did the Scottish families of the names Bruce, Gray, Ramsay, Fraser, Ogilvie, Pollock, Burnard, Douglas, and Gordon all trace back to?
Where did Edward the Confessor set up Ralph as earl?
Who was Ralph charged with warring with?
Who set up Ralph as earl of Hereford?
During the conquest of the Marches, almost all of what area was subject to Norman interference?
When did Roger de Tosny travel to the Iberian Peninsula?
Who led the papal army in 1064?
When was the Siege of Antioch?
Who was instrumental in the conquest of Jerusalem?
Tancred was instrumental in the conquest of what city?
How many years would Cyprus be under Western European domination?
What caused Richard the Lion-hearted's fleet to disperse?
What was the name of Richard's fiancée's boat?
When did Richard leave Messina?
Who took the Survivors of the wrecks of the treasure ship prisoner?
Who was the rival of Guy de Lusignan?
What type of chains did Richard confine Isaac with?
Which prince arrived in Limassol at the same time as Richard?
Who married Berengaria of Navarre?
When was the wedding held?
What was one of the grand ceremonies?
When did the Venetians acquire full control of Cyprus?
Who sold Cyprus to shortly after the conquest?
Where were the islands of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura located?
Who took the title of King of the Canary Islands?
Who was the 2nd Count de Niebla?
Who sold the rights to the islands to Enrique Pérez de Guzmán?
Where are Jersey and Guernsey located?
How many customaries were transcribed by judges?
What type of idiom did the Normans spread to England and Italy?
What type of arches were characteristic of the Norman style?
What period precedes the Norman period in England?
In England, the period of Norman architecture immediately succeeds that of what period?
Where is the Kingdom of Norman-Arab architecture located?
When did the dukes begin a programme of church reform?
Who utilised the church as a unifying force for their disparate duchy?
In what century did the French Wars of Religion take place?
What is the Bayeux Tapestry?
What is the most famous work of Norman art?
Who commissioned the Bayeux Tapestry?
What type of art was common in Norman Italy?
In what century were neumes first developed and taught at Fécamp?
Who were the abbots of Fécamp?
Where did the monks of Saint-Evroul flee to?
Where did the monks of Saint-Evroul continue the tradition of singing?
Who patronised the monks of Saint-Evroul?
What tradition was developed at Saint Evroul?
When was Nikola Tesla born?
What was Nikola Tesla's nationality?
When did Nikola Tesla die?
When was Nikola Tesla born?
When did Nikola Tesla die?
What was Nikola Tesla's nationality?
What does AC stand for?
In what year did Tesla emigrate to the United States?
Who did Tesla work for before emigrating to the US?
Who licensed Tesla's AC induction motor and transformer?
Where did Tesla work before emigrating to the United States?
What was the name of Tesla's alternating current/direct current battle?
In what year did Tesla emigrate to the United States?
Who did Tesla work for before emigrating to the US?
Where did Tesla work before emigrating to the United States?
Who licensed Tesla's AC induction motor and transformer?
Along with his AC induction motor, what other device was licensed by George Westinghouse?
When did Tesla make early pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices?
What type of power experiments did Tesla conduct in New York and Colorado Springs?
What experiments did Tesla conduct in his lab?
In what city did Tesla conduct high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments?
When did Tesla make early pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices?
What was one of Tesla's first exhibited inventions?
What was the name of Tesla's ill-fated attempt at intercontinental wireless transmission?
In what year did Tesla die?
What did the General Conference on Weights and Measures name the tesla?
Where did Tesla live most of his life?
What was Tesla's nickname?
What earned Tesla a considerable amount of money?
In what year did Tesla die?
What did the General Conference on Weights and Measures name the tesla?
What decade saw a resurgence in popular interest in Tesla?
What was Tesla known for?
Where is Smiljan located?
What was Tesla's father's profession?
What type of memory did Nikola attribute to his mother's genetics and influence?
What did Nikola attribute Tesla's creative abilities to?
What was Tesla's father's profession?
Who was Tesla's father?
Who was Tesla's mother?
What did Tesla's mother have a talent for?
What did Nikola attribute his eidetic memory and creative abilities to?
How many children did Tesla have?
What language did Tesla study at the "Lower" school?
When did Tesla's family move to Gospi?
What was Tesla's older brother's name?
What were the names of Tesla's three sisters?
What happened to Dane when Nikola was five?
Where did Tesla's father work as a pastor?
What was Tesla's father's job?
Who was Tesla's math teacher?
What language were the classes held in?
What was Tesla able to perform in his head that prompted his teachers to believe he was cheating?
What did Tesla's teachers believe he was doing?
In what year did Tesla graduate?
When did Tesla move to Karlovac?
Why did Tesla move to Karlovac?
Who was Tesla's math teacher?
What language were the classes held in?
In what year did Tesla graduate?
What disease did Tesla contract shortly after he arrived in Smiljan?
How long was Tesla bedridden?
Where did Tesla's father promise to send him if he recovered from cholera?
What did Tesla's father originally want him to do?
What was Tesla's birthtown?
In what year did Tesla return to Smiljan?
What disease did Tesla contract shortly after he arrived in Smiljan?
How long was Tesla bedridden?
What did Tesla's father originally want him to do?
What did Tesla's father promise to do if he recovered from cholera?
Where did Tesla go to escape the Austro-Hungarian Army?
Whose works helped Tesla recover from his illness?
Where did Tesla explore in hunter's garb?
In what year did Tesla escape the Austro-Hungarian Army?
What did Tesla wear when he explored the mountains?
What did Tesla evade in Smiljan?
In what year did Tesla escape the Austro-Hungarian Army?
What did Tesla do in Tomingaj?
Whose works helped Tesla recover from his illness?
When did Tesla enroll at Austrian Polytechnic?
Where did Tesla enroll in 1875?
When did Tesla's father die?
What did Tesla become addicted to at the end of his second year?
How many Sundays did Tesla work?
Where was Austrian Polytechnic?
When did Tesla enroll at Austrian Polytechnic?
When did Tesla's father die?
What did Tesla do during his third year?
What did the letters warn Tesla that if he was not removed from the school?
When did Tesla leave Graz?
Why did Tesla severe all relations with his family?
What was Tesla's job in Maribor?
Milutin Tesla went to Maribor to beg his son to do what?
What happened to Nikola when he refused to return to Maribor?
In what year did Tesla leave Graz?
What did Tesla hide from his family?
Why did Tesla drop out of school?
What was Tesla's job in Maribor?
What happened to Nikola when he refused to return to Maribor?
Why was Tesla returned to Gospi?
When was Tesla returned to Gospi?
How old was Milutin Tesla when he died?
What was the cause of Milutin Tesla's death?
What was Tesla's job?
Why was Tesla returned to Gospi?
In what year did Milutin Tesla die?
What was the name of Tesla's old school?
What was the cause of Milutin Tesla's death?
Where did Tesla go to study?
Why did Tesla not enroll at Charles-Ferdinand University?
Why did Tesla not receive grades for the courses at Charles-Ferdinand University?
What university did Tesla arrive too late to enroll at?
Where did Tesla go to study?
When did two of Tesla's uncles put together enough money to help him leave Gospi for Prague?
What university did Tesla arrive too late to enroll at?
Who put together enough money to help Tesla leave Gospi for Prague?
Where did Tesla move to in 1881?
What telegraph company did Tesla work for?
What position did Tesla get at the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
What did Tesla claim to have perfected?
What position did Tesla take in the Central Telegraph Office?
When did Tesla move to Budapest?
What was the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
What telegraph company did Tesla work for?
What position did Tesla get at the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
When did Tesla begin working for the Continental Edison Company?
Where was the Continental Edison Company located?
Where did Tesla relocate to in 1884?
Who hired Tesla to work at his Edison Machine Works?
What was the name of Edison's plant?
What company did Tesla work for in France?
Where was the Continental Edison Company located?
In what year did Tesla relocate to New York City?
Who hired Tesla to work at his Edison Machine Works?
Where was Edison's Edison Machine Works located?
How much money did Edison say was in the redesign of Edison's generators?
How much did Edison pay Tesla?
How long did it take Tesla to complete the redesign of the Edison Company's direct current generators?
How much money did Edison say was in the redesign of Edison's generators?
What did Edison say he didn't understand?
How much did Edison offer to pay Tesla?
Who were the businessmen who partnered with Tesla in 1886?
What was the name of the electric lighting company in Tesla's name?
What did Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing do?
What were the first patents issued to Tesla in the US?
What were the first patents issued to Tesla in the US?
Who were the businessmen who partnered with Tesla in 1886?
In what year did Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail partner with Tesla?
What was the name of the electric lighting company in Tesla's name?
What did Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing do?
What was the name of Edison's company?
What did the investors do to Tesla?
How did the investors leave Tesla?
What was Tesla's job?
In what year did Tesla consider the winter to be a time of "terrible headaches and bitter tears"?
Why did Tesla lose control of his patents?
What was Tesla's job?
Where did Tesla work?
What was Alfred S. Brown's occupation?
When was the Tesla Electric Company formed?
How did the profits from Tesla's patents go?
Where was Tesla's laboratory located?
When did Tesla meet Alfred S. Brown?
What was Alfred S. Brown's job?
Who was a New York attorney?
Where was Tesla's laboratory located?
What was the name of the company formed by Tesla and Peck?
What was one of the things Tesla developed at the laboratory in 1887?
When was the induction motor patented?
What did the induction motor not need?
What did the self-starting design of the induction motor avoid?
What was the design of the induction motor?
In what year did Tesla develop an induction motor?
Why was an induction motor being built in Europe and the United States?
What did Tesla's induction motor not need to be replaced?
When was the induction motor patented?
Who was Thomas Commerford Martin?
What organization did Thomas Commerford Martin arrange for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system?
When did Thomas Commerford Martin arrange for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system?
Why did Westinghouse not get a patent on Tesla's induction motor?
Who was the editor of Electrical World magazine in 1888?
Who was the editor of Electrical World magazine in 1888?
Who did engineers working for the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company report to about Tesla's AC motor?
Which Italian physicist presented a paper in March of 1888?
What was the profession of Galileo Ferraris?
What company reported to George Westinghouse that Tesla had a viable AC motor?
In what year did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with George Westinghouse?
How much did Westinghouse pay for Tesla's designs?
Who did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with in 1888?
What was Tesla's job title at the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company's Pittsburgh labs?
How much did Westinghouse pay for Tesla's designs?
In what year did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with George Westinghouse?
How much did Westinghouse pay Tesla to be a consultant at the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company's Pittsburgh labs?
Where was the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company's labs?
Where did Tesla work during his time in Pittsburgh?
What was the purpose of the alternating current system?
What type of AC current system did Tesla propose?
What type of motor did the Westinghouse engineers use instead of the induction motor?
What was the purpose of the alternating current system?
What did the Westinghouse engineers use instead of the induction motor?
Who were the leaders of the "War of Currents"?
What was the competition between Edison and Westinghouse?
What did Edison Machine Works pursue in 1890?
What was the name of the conglomerate that Thomas Edison's company was consolidated into in 1892?
What type of motor did Edison Machine Works pursue in 1890?
Who held all the patents for DC and the incandescent light?
When was Westinghouse's patent granted?
Why was development of Tesla's motor put on hold?
What was the name of the conglomerate that Thomas Edison's company was consolidated into in 1892?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition with alternating current?
Where was the World's Columbian Exposition?
What company did George Westinghouse beat to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
What was the name of the system that Tesla demonstrated at the Columbian Exposition?
What was the name of the system that Tesla demonstrated at the Columbian Exposition?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition with alternating current?
Where was the World's Columbian Exposition?
In what year did George Westinghouse win the bid to light the Columbian Exposition?
What was a key event in the history of?
Who was the head of the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company in 1893?
Where was the Cataract Construction Company located?
Who was awarded a contract for building a two-phase AC generating system at the Niagara Falls?
Who was awarded a contract to build the AC distribution system?
What type of system did Tesla think would be the most reliable?
Who was the head of the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company in 1893?
In what year did Richard Dean Adams seek Tesla's opinion on what system would be best to transmit power generated at the Niagara Falls?
What type of system did Tesla think would be the most reliable?
What did Tesla say about the two-phased system?
When was a patent-sharing agreement signed between the two companies?
How much did Westinghouse Electric pay for the patents?
How much was the alternating current royalty?
How much did Westinghouse pay in licenses and royalties to Tesla, Brown, and Peck?
Who backed General Electric?
How much money did Westinghouse pay to Tesla, Brown, and Peck?
How much did Westinghouse Electric pay for the patents?
How old was Tesla when he became a naturalized citizen?
Where was Tesla's South Fifth Avenue laboratory located?
What did Tesla light wirelessly?
What was the name of Tesla's patented invention?
In what year did Tesla become a naturalized citizen of the United States?
What was the name of Tesla's patented invention?
How old was Tesla when he became a naturalized citizen?
How did Tesla light his lamps?
What organization did Tesla serve as vice president of?
What organization did Tesla serve as vice president of?
In what year did Tesla become vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
What position did Tesla hold at the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
When did Tesla serve as vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
Along with the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, what was the forerunner of the modern-day IEEE?
Why did Tesla begin investigating radiant energy of invisible kinds?
When was much of Tesla's research lost?
When did Wilhelm Röntgen announce the discovery of x-rays?
What was the only thing Tesla captured in his X-ray image?
When did Tesla begin investigating radiant energy?
What is another name for "Roentgen rays"?
When was much of Tesla's research lost?
What type of image did Tesla inadvertently capture when he tried to photograph Mark Twain?
Who did Tesla try to photograph with a Geissler tube?
What is another term forradiography?
When did Tesla begin his own experiments in X-ray imaging?
What is another name for X-ray imaging?
What did Tesla's experiments produce?
What was the output of Tesla's vacuum tube?
In what year did Tesla begin his own experiments in X-ray imaging?
What was the output of Tesla's vacuum tube?
What kind of rays did Tesla believe the Tesla Coil would produce?
What did Tesla incorrectly believe about X-rays?
What did Tesla believe was the cause of the skin damage?
What did Tesla believe was caused by the ozone generated in contact with the skin?
What did Tesla note the hazards of working with?
Where can plasma waves occur?
What did Tesla believe was the cause of the damage to the skin?
What did Tesla incorrectly believe X-rays were?
Where can plasma waves occur?
How did Tesla describe the dangers of working with single-node X-ray-producing devices?
Who was the Westinghouse engineer in 1893?
In what year did Westinghouse engineer Benjamin Lamme make great progress developing an efficient version of Tesla's induction motor?
Who started branding their complete polyphase phase AC system as the "Tesla Polyphase System"?
What was the name of the device Tesla used to make a copper egg stand on end?
Who explained the principles of the rotating magnetic field in an induction motor?
When did the New York Herald Tribune publish an article on Tesla?
What would a minute particle do to Tesla?
Where did Tesla say he could feel a sharp stinging pain?
What did Tesla compare the particles of his "electric gun" to?
What is the name of the organization that was founded by Tesla in 1893?
What device was used in the further development of radio?
What is the name of the institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania?
In what year did Tesla demonstrate a radio-controlled boat to the public?
What did Tesla call his radio-controlled boat?
Where did Tesla demonstrate his teleautomaton to the public?
What event was held at Madison Square Garden in 1898?
Who piloted Tesla's boat?
In what year was Tesla granted patents for a system of transmitting electrical energy?
Who was the first to achieve radio transmission?
In what year did Guglielmo Marconi make his first transatlantic radio transmission?
In what year did the Supreme Court restore the patents of Tesla, Oliver Lodge, and John Stone?
Who restored the prior patents of Tesla, Oliver Lodge, and John Stone?
When did Tesla move to Colorado Springs?
Where did Tesla transmit signals from Pikes Peak to?
When did Tesla perform his first experiments at his Colorado Springs lab?
How long was Tesla's spark?
What type of electricity did Tesla investigate?
What type of waves did Tesla observe?
What belief did Tesla have about the earth?
What did St. Elmo produce?
How long were the discharges of artificial lightning?
How far away was thunder from the released energy heard in Cripple Creek, Colorado?
What happened to light bulbs within 100 feet of the lab?
What happened to Butterflies?
What did Tesla cause when he faulted a power station generator?
What happened to the dynamos in a power house six miles away?
What caused the dynamos in a power house to be repeatedly burned out?
What did sparks do to insulation?
What did Tesla conclude were the unusual signals he observed from his receiver?
What planet did reporter Julian Hawthorne think Tesla was hearing signals from?
In what newspaper did Tesla write about the signals he heard?
What did Tesla do in July 1899?
When did Tesla intercept Marconi's European experiments?
How much money did John Jacob Astor IV invest in Tesla?
What did John Jacob Astor IV invest in Tesla?
How did Tesla use the money?
In what year did John Jacob Astor IV invest $100,000 in Tesla?
In what year did Tesla leave Colorado Springs?
What happened to Tesla's lab in 1904?
In what year was Tesla's lab torn down?
What happened to Tesla's lab after it was torn down?
What is the name of the trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility?
What is Wardenclyffe?
Where is Wardenclyffe located?
Who did Tesla contact to ask for more funds to build a more powerful transmitter?
What event caused Tesla to say he was affected by?
What was Morgan's reaction to the reminder of his part in the stock market crash?
How many letters did Tesla write to Morgan?
What was the purpose of the letters Tesla wrote to Morgan?
What happened in December 1901?
How long was the tower?
How many horsepower was Tesla's bladeless turbine?
How fast was Tesla's bladeless turbine?
In what year did Tesla celebrate his 50th birthday?
How many horsepower were Tesla's bladeless turbine engines tested at?
What was Tesla's oscillator powered by?
Where did Tesla experiment with mechanical oscillators?
How did Tesla's oscillator work?
Where was the article "Nikola Tesla, Dreamer" published?
What did Tesla say would happen if he continued to set the earth's crust into a state of vibration?
What did Tesla believe enhanced intelligence?
How did Tesla make dull students bright?
Who was the superintendent of New York City schools in 1912?
Who was William H. Maxwell?
Where did Tesla seek investors before World War I?
What happened to Tesla's patents after World War I?
What did Tesla do to Wardenclyffe?
How much did Tesla sell Wardenclyffe for?
What award did Tesla receive in 1917?
What magazine did Tesla write in 1917?
What type of screen was the "electric ray" viewed on?
What modern system has a superficial resemblance to Tesla's?
Who helped develop France's first radar system in the 1930s?
Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1915?
Who were the winners of the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics?
What were the unsubstantiated rumors at the time?
When could a recipient decline a Nobel Prize?
Why were Edison and Tesla not given the award?
How many possible bids did Edison receive in 1915?
Who received one of 38 possible bids in 1915?
In what year did Tesla receive one of 38 possible bids?
What was Tesla's last patent?
What is another name for a biplane capable of taking off vertically?
How much did Tesla think the plane would sell for?
What was the earliest proposal for the use of in rotor aircraft?
How much did the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company pay Tesla?
What expenses did the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company pay Tesla for the rest of his life?
How long did the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company pay Tesla's rent?
What was Westinghouse worried about?
What was Tesla's method of transmitting with minimal loss over any terrestrial distance?
How did Tesla announce a method of transmitting mechanical energy with minimal loss?
How much loss did Tesla's method of transmitting mechanical energy have over any terrestrial distance?
What was Tesla's method of accurately determining the location of?
In what year did Tesla announce a method of transmitting mechanical energy with minimal loss over any terrestrial distance?
What did Tesla do on his commute to the cathedral and library?
Who did Tesla refuse to consult after he was thrown to the ground?
What happened to Tesla's ribs when he was thrown to the ground?
When was Tesla able to get up?
When did Tesla leave the Hotel New Yorker?
What weapon did Tesla make claims about after studying the Van de Graaff generator?
What was the name of the generator Tesla studied?
What type of troops could Tesla's teleforce weapon be used against?
What was the purpose of the teleforce weapon?
What did the press refer to Tesla's teleforce weapon as?
In what year did Tesla speak at a luncheon in his honor regarding the death ray?
When did Tesla speak about his death ray?
What material did Tesla use to make his death ray?
How is the tungsten pellets accelerated?
How much time will pass before Tesla can give the death ray to the world?
What type of weapons did Tesla write a treatise about?
Where is The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media?
Where is the Nikola Tesla Museum archive?
How many volts did Tesla charge particles to?
What was the goal of the superweapon?
What did Tesla say he was trying to do?
What was Tesla's blueprint for the teleforce weapon?
What was scrutinized in Tesla's room?
How old was Tesla when he died?
When did Tesla die?
Who found Tesla's body?
What sign did Alice Monaghan ignore when she entered Tesla's room?
What was the cause of Tesla's death?
What did the FBI do to Tesla's belongings?
Who was a professor at M.I.T.?
What did John G. Trump conclude was a hazard in unfriendly hands?
Where was Tesla's estate transported?
Who was the mayor of New York City in 1943?
Who wrote the eulogy for Tesla?
On what date was Tesla's funeral?
How many people attended the state funeral for Tesla?
Where was Tesla's funeral held?
Where was Tesla's estate shipped in 1952?
Who was Tesla's nephew?
Who transported Tesla's ashes from the United States to Belgrade?
Where was Tesla's estate shipped in 1952?
Where are Tesla's ashes displayed?
How many patents did Tesla obtain worldwide for his inventions?
How many countries are there a minimum of 278 patents issued to Tesla?
Where were many of Tesla's patents issued?
Where are some of Tesla's patents hidden?
At what time did Tesla have to wait for his dinner to be ready?
How long did Tesla work every day?
When would Tesla resume his work?
Who was the only one to serve Tesla's dinner?
How many miles per day did Tesla walk?
What did Tesla walk 8 to 10 miles per day?
How did Tesla exercise?
What did Tesla say exercise stimulated?
What did Tesla say he did not believe in?
Who was Arthur Brisbane?
In an interview with Arthur Brisbane, Tesla said that all fundamental laws could be reduced to how many?
What animals did Tesla feed every day?
How much did Tesla spend to fix the pigeon's wing and leg?
What did Tesla fix to the injured pigeon?
Where did Tesla walk to feed the pigeons?
Where did Tesla bring injured pigeons to nurse back to health?
How much did Tesla weigh?
How tall was Tesla?
When did Tesla's weight vary?
Where did Tesla live?
How many languages did Tesla speak?
What did Tesla experience when he was afflicted with illness?
What was the construction stage of Tesla's life called?
What was Tesla's affliction?
What kind of memory did Tesla have?
How long did Tesla spend at a gaming table?
How long did Tesla work without sleep?
Where was Tesla's second year of study?
Who was a journalist that Tesla befriended?
What was Kenneth Swezey's profession?
What did Tesla say was helpful to his scientific abilities?
Who has been vying for Tesla's affection?
When did Tesla tell a reporter that he felt he made too great a sacrifice to his work?
Who was Tesla's secretary?
Who described Tesla as attaining a "distinguished sweetness, sincerity, modesty, refinement, refinement, generosity, and force"?
What did Tesla do with his work?
What type of person was Tesla?
Who was Julian Hawthorne?
Who described Tesla's induction motor invention as "the most valuable patent since the telephone?"
Where did Twain work?
When did Tesla befriend George Sylvester Viereck?
What type of people did Tesla express disgust for?
Who did Tesla fire because of her weight?
Why did Tesla fire a secretary?
What did Tesla ask a subordinate to do to her dress?
What did Tesla believe could not create an electric charge?
What concept did Tesla believe transmitted electrical energy?
What did Tesla believe about the 19th century concept of an all pervasive "ether"?
In what century did Tesla believe that an all pervasive "ether" transmitted electrical energy?
Whose theory of relativity was Tesla critical of?
What was Tesla's attitude towards theories about the conversion of matter into energy?
What theory of Einstein was Tesla critical of?
What theory did Tesla claim to have completed in 1937?
In what year did Tesla begin working on his own physical principle regarding matter and energy?
What type of space did Tesla believe would be solved by his theory of gravity?
How old was Tesla in 1937?
What was Tesla's imposed selective breeding version of?
What kind of workings of nature did Tesla believe humans' "pity" interfered with?
What did Tesla say humans had to do to interfere with the natural workings of nature?
In what year did Tesla speak about eugenics?
Who did Tesla believe would become the dominant sex in the future?
When did Tesla comment on the ills of the social subservience of women?
What was Tesla's name?
What time period did Tesla believe the League of Nations was not a remedy for?
What did Tesla say were the great Forces which will lead to the Consummation of the War?
When was the article "Science and Discovery are the great Forces which will lead to the Consummation of the War" published?
What organization did Tesla believe was not a remedy for the times and issues?
What religion was Tesla raised?
What religion did Tesla oppose?
What two religions did Tesla have a profound respect for?
What was the title of Tesla's 1937 article?
What are Tesla's religious views?
What did Tesla say in his 1937 article?
What did Nikola Tesla write for magazines and journals?
Tesla wrote a number of books and articles for what?
Who compiled and edited My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla?
Where are many of Tesla's writings freely available?
When was the article "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy" published?
What is the name of Tesla's book?
The impact of Tesla's technologies is a recurring theme in several types of what?
Where has Tesla's legacy been found?
In how many types of science fiction is the impact of Tesla's technologies a recurring theme?
What magazine put Tesla on its cover in 1931?
What was Tesla's birthday?
What was Tesla's contribution to?
Who was one of Tesla's congratulatory letters?
How many pioneers in science and engineering congratulated Tesla?
What is a branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science?
Computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to what?
What is understood to be a task that is in principle amenable to being solved by a computer?
How is a problem regarded as inherently difficult?
What does computational complexity theory introduce to study problems?
What are two examples of resources needed to solve a problem?
What is used in circuit complexity?
What is one of the roles of computational complexity theory?
What two fields are closely related to theoretical computer science?
Along with computability theory, what is a closely related field of theoretical computer science?
What theory asks what kind of problems can be solved algorithmically?
What theory asks what kind of problems can, in principle, be solved algorithmically?
What is the input string for a computational problem referred to as?
What should not be confused with the input string for a computational problem?
What type of utterance is an instance of a computational problem?
A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of what?
What is the output corresponding to the given input?
How many kilometres is the route through all of Germany's 15 largest cities?
What is an example of a problem instance that is of little use for solving other instances of the problem?
What kind of problems does complexity theory address?
What is a string over an alphabet?
What is the alphabet usually taken to be?
What are strings called when considering computational problems?
What can integers be represented in?
How can graphs be encoded?
What is one of the central objects of study in computational complexity theory?
What is the answer to a decision problem?
What is the alternate answer to a decision problem?
What is the answer to a decision problem?
What is the answer to a decision problem?
What is the input of a decision problem?
What is the set of all connected graphs?
What does one have to decide to obtain a precise definition of the formal language?
What is a function problem?
What is expected for every input in a function problem?
What is a computational problem where a single output is expected for every input?
Along with the traveling salesman problem, what is an example of a function problem?
What is the output of a function problem more of than a decision problem?
What can function problems be recast as?
The multiplication of two integers can be expressed as what?
What does one want to see to measure the difficulty of solving a computational problem?
What does the running time of an algorithm depend on?
How is the time required to solve a problem calculated?
What is the size of the input usually taken to be in?
Complexity theory is interested in how algorithms scale with what?
What says that a problem can be solved with a feasible amount of resources if it admits a polynomial time algorithm?
What can be expressed as a function of n?
What is T(n) defined to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n?
What is defined to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n?
If T(n) is a polynomial in n, then the algorithm is said to be what?
What is a mathematical model of a general computing machine?
What does the Church-Turing thesis believe can solve a problem?
What is the most commonly used model in complexity theory?
What does a Turing machine manipulate on a strip of tape?
What is the most basic Turing machine?
What does a deterministic Turing machine use to determine its future actions?
What is a deterministic Turing machine with an extra supply of random bits?
What is a deterministic Turing machine with an added feature of non-determinism?
Algorithms that use random bits are called what?
What are deterministic Turing machines used to define?
What resources are bounded?
What are some of the types of Turing machines used to define complexity classes?
What is an example of a machine model different from the standard multi-tape Turing machines?
How much extra power does each of the models provide?
What consumption of the alternate models may vary?
What do the models have in common?
What type of Turing machine has very little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms?
What makes some computational problems easier to analyze?
What does the branching of a non-deterministic Turing machine capture?
What is a very important resource in analyzing computational problems?
What is the total number of steps a machine makes before it halts and outputs the answer ("yes" or "no")?
What is complexity theory interested in classifying problems based on?
What is the set of problems solvable within time f(n) on a deterministic Turing machine denoted by?
A Turing machine M is said to operate within what?
Time and space are the most well-known what?
What can any complexity measure be viewed as?
What are complexity measures defined by?
What is defined by the Blum complexity axioms?
What is defined by the Blum complexity axioms?
What are the three different ways of measuring the time complexity of different inputs of the same size?
What is another term for time complexity?
The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring what?
What is the best, worst, and average case complexity three different ways of measuring the time complexity of?
What solves the problem of sorting a list of integers that is given as the input?
When the input is sorted or sorted in reverse order, what is the worst case?
What is the average time taken for sorting if all permutations of the input list are equally likely?
What is the minimum amount of time required by to solve a given problem?
Analyzing a particular algorithm falls under what field?
What makes a statement about all possible algorithms that solve a given problem?
What does one need to show only that there is a particular algorithm with running time at most T(n)?
What do lower bounds make a statement about?
What hides constant factors and smaller terms?
What does the big O notation hide?
What would one write in big O notation if T(n) = 7n2 + 15n + 40?
The big O notation makes the bounds independent of what?
What classes have complicated definitions that do not fit into the framework?
What do some complexity classes not fit into?
What do some complexity classes have that do not fit into the framework?
What does bounding the computation time above by a concrete function f(n) often yield complexity classes that depend on?
How can the language xx | x is any binary string be solved on a multi-tape Turing machine?
What model requires quadratic time?
What thesis states that "the time complexities in any two reasonable and general models of computation are polynomially related"?
What is the set of decision problems solvable by a deterministic Turing machine within polynomial time called?
What is used by the algorithm to define complexity classes?
How can many important complexity classes be defined?
What can be defined by bounding the time or space used by the algorithm?
What are other important complexity classes?
What type of circuits are used to define AC and NC?
What type of Turing machines are used to define BQP and QMA?
What is an important complexity class of counting problems?
IP and AM are defined using what type of proof system?
For complexity classes defined in this way, it is desirable to prove that relaxing the requirements on what defines a bigger set of problems?
Where is DTIME(n) contained?
What induces a proper hierarchy on the classes defined by constraining the respective resources?
What do the hierarchy theorems induce?
What can we make about how much more time or space is needed in order to increase the number of problems that can be solved?
What form the basis for most separation results of complexity classes?
The time hierarchy theorem tells us that P is strictly contained in what?
The space hierarchy theorem tells us that L is strictly contained in what?
What is a transformation of one problem into another problem?
A reduction is a transformation of one problem into what?
What does X do when a problem is no more difficult than Y?
What are two types of reductions based on the method of reduction?
Polynomial-time reductions and log-space reductions are examples of what?
What is the most commonly used reduction?
The problem of squaring an integer can be reduced to what?
What does the polynomial-time reduction process take?
What is given to both inputs of the multiplication algorithm?
What algorithm can be reduced to squaring?
The notion of hard problems depends on what?
How is a problem X hard for a class of problems C?
An algorithm for X allows us to do what?
The set of problems that are hard for NP is the set of what?
What class of problems contains the most difficult problems in NP?
What class of problems contains the most difficult problems in NP?
What does reducing a known NP-complete problem, 2, to another problem, 1, indicate?
What class of problems contains the most difficult problems in NP?
What is often seen as a mathematical abstraction modeling computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm?
What is the hypothesis that the complexity class P is a mathematical abstraction modeling computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm called?
The Boolean satisfiability problem, the Hamiltonian path problem, and the vertex cover problem are all members of what class?
What is one of the problems in the complexity class NP?
What are special non-deterministic Turing machines?
What can many important problems be shown to have if P equals NP?
What is an example of a problem that can be shown to have more efficient solutions?
How much is the prize for solving the P versus NP problem?
Who showed that if P  NP then there are problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete?
What are problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete called?
What is an example of a NP-intermediate problem?
What is the computational problem of determining whether two finite graphs are isomorphic?
The polynomial time hierarchy collapses to its second level if graph isomorphism is what?
What collapses to its second level if graph isomorphism is NP-complete?
If graph isomorphism is NP-complete, the polynomial time hierarchy collapses to what level?
Who created the best algorithm for the graph isomorphism problem?
What is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer?
What is the input's factor less than?
What is the RSA algorithm a part of?
What is the best known algorithm for integer factorization?
Are many known complexity classes unequal?
What is an example of a class that is suspected to be unequal?
What are RP, BPP, PP, BQP, MA, PH, etc.?
What would be a major breakthrough in complexity theory?
What is the class containing the complement problems?
What is another term for problems with yes/no answers?
Is NP equal or not equal to co-NP?
What has been shown if co-NP and NP are not equal?
What is the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space?
What is the set of all problems that are solved in logarithmic space?
What are NL and NC?
What are two examples of complexity classes between P and P?
What is not known about NL and NC?
What are problems that take too long for their solutions to be useful called?
What might be unusable in practice?
What kind of problems are intractable if NP is not the same as P?
What is an example of a decision problem that has been shown not to be in P?
What has been written that solve the problem in reasonable times in most cases?
What problem can algorithms solve in less than quadratic time?
How long can algorithms solve the NP-complete knapsack problem?
SAT solvers routinely handle large instances of what?
How were the foundations laid?
Who created the definition of Turing machines?
What did Alan Turing define in 1936?
When was Alan Turing's definition of Turing machines released?
What did Alan Turing's definition of Turing machines simplify?
What was the name of the seminal paper by Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns?
Who wrote "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms"?
When was the paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms" published?
What definitions of complexity did Hartmanis and Stearns lay out?
When was the paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms" published?
Who wrote the definition of linear bounded automata?
When was Raymond Smullyan's study of rudimentary sets published?
Who wrote a paper on real-time computations?
Some proofs of complexity-theoretic theorems assume some concrete choice of what?
What do some proofs of complexity-theoretic theorems often assume some concrete choice of input?
Who developed the speed-up theorem?
What was the result of Manuel Blum's axioms?
What was the name of Richard Karp's 1972 paper?
How many combinatorial and graph theoretical problems are NP-complete?
What is a course of study called?
What is the science of teaching called?
Where can a person who wants to become a teacher obtain credentials?
What do teachers use to facilitate student learning?
Where is the role of teacher usually carried out?
A teacher's role may vary among what?
Along with literacy, what is another subject that a teacher may provide instruction in?
What type of training does a teacher provide?
What type of skills may a teacher teach?
What is an example of a person who can assist in home schooling?
In some countries, formal education can take place through what?
What type of education can take place through home schooling?
What type of role does a teacher occupy?
Who can assist in informal learning in a wider community setting?
What type of teachers are gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors, and lamas?
What type of texts may a spiritual teacher teach?
What religious texts may a spiritual teacher teach?
What are gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors and lamas?
What is the term for teaching within the family?
What type of professionals may teach informally?
What is another name for accountants?
Where can teaching be carried out informally?
What type of professionals may teach informally?
What do teachers help organize?
What type of activities do teachers serve as supervisors for?
What do teachers supervise outside of the classroom?
Who may accompany students on field trips?
What is the name of the body that serves and protects the public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession?
Why are teacher's colleges established?
What is the purpose of teacher's colleges?
Who are the bodies designed to instill, preserve and update the knowledge and professional standing of?
What do teacher's colleges enforce?
Teachers in publicly funded schools must be who in good standing with the college?
What are hearings conducted into?
What are the functions of a teacher's college?
What are the functions of a teacher's college?
What are the functions of a teacher's college?
What is an example of an environment where a teacher facilitates student learning?
What is a teacher who teaches on an individual basis called?
What is another term for a school where a teacher facilitates student learning?
What do teachers do in education?
What type of approach to learning is used?
What are different ways to teach often referred to as?
How do teachers help students outside of the classroom?
What has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom?
What technology has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom?
What is the objective of a teacher?
Who determines standardized curricula?
What type of disabilities may students have?
What age group can a teacher interact with?
What type of curricula may a teacher follow?
Teaching using pedagogy also involve assessing the educational levels of the students on what?
Where does the real bulk of learning take place?
What does a teacher do to the timid?
What does a teacher do to the cocky?
Who uses psychology to get each new class of rookies off the bench and into the game?
What is the most significant difference between primary and secondary school teaching?
What will a teacher teach a class in a primary school?
Who will teach the children in secondary schools?
What school has a teacher who stays with a class for most of the week?
What is the role of a parent in primary school?
What type of approaches for primary education exist?
What is the name of the system that involves a group of students in one class that moves from one specialist to another for every subject?
How do students get a strong sense of security?
What is the advantage of a "platoon" system?
Where is this true throughout most of the United States?
What has become a new trend amongst educational institutions?
What is the definition of co-teaching?
What does co-teaching focus the student on?
How do co-teachers work with each other to create a climate of learning?
What does co-teaching provide to a student that allows them to reach their full cognitive potential?
What is the most common form of school discipline?
What was a teacher expected to act as while a child was in school?
What forms of parental discipline were open to substitute parents?
What is the most common form of school discipline?
When was a teacher expected to act as a substitute parent?
How common was corporal punishment in the past?
What countries have banned corporal punishment?
Where is corporal punishment still lawful?
What court ruled that paddling did not violate the US Constitution?
What does corporal punishment cause?
How many US states have banned corporal punishment?
Where is corporal punishment most commonly banned?
How is corporal punishment used in some public schools?
What is used to administer corporal punishment in American schools?
Where is corporal punishment usually given?
What is the most common form of corporal punishment?
Where is corporal punishment common in schools?
What is the name of the country where corporal punishment is common?
What is one of the most common punishments in schools?
What is one of the most common punishments in schools?
Where is detention most common?
During detention, students usually have to sit in a classroom and do work, write lines or a punishment essay, or sit what?
What do students usually write during detention?
What type of teacher is a modern example of school discipline in North America and Western Europe?
What is positive reinforcement balanced with?
What defines what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior?
What are seen as falling outside of what constitutes reasonable discipline?
What are teachers expected to do to their students?
Who advocate a more assertive and confrontational style of discipline?
Where are countries that combine strict discipline with high standards of education?
What do these individuals claim many problems with modern schooling stem from?
What type of discipline do some teachers and parents advocate?
What country has a strict code of behavior?
What country has a strict code of behavior?
What country has a strict code of behavior?
What country has a strict code of behavior?
What is the typical class size?
Maintaining order in the classroom can divert the teacher from what?
What do teachers focus their attention on?
What type of students do teachers ignore?
What do teachers focus their attention on?
What does Sudbury model democratic schools claim can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority?
Sudbury model democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively for whom?
What is the atmosphere of a Sudbury model democratic school?
How does the preservation of public order in Sudbury model democratic schools compare to other schools?
What do proponents of Sudbury model democratic schools believe a school has?
What type of teacher tends to rate students who have enthusiastic teachers higher than teachers who don't show much enthusiasm for the course materials?
What do teachers who have a positive disposition towards the course content transfer to receptive students?
What do receptive teachers not do?
Students who have enthusiastic teachers tend to rate them how?
Recent research has found a correlation between what and students' intrinsic motivation to learn and vitality in the classroom?
What were students who experienced a very enthusiastic teacher more likely to do outside of the classroom?
What results in college students reporting higher levels of intrinsic motivation to learn?
What type of studies have shown that nonverbal expressions of enthusiasm result in college students reporting higher levels of intrinsic motivation to learn?
What is the effect of nonverbal expressions of enthusiasm on college students' intrinsic motivation to learn?
Enthusiastic teachers may lead to students becoming more what in their own learning process?
What can a teacher contribute to a classroom atmosphere full of energy and enthusiasm?
What concept may apply to students by catching onto the enthusiasm and energy of a teacher?
What contributes to a classroom atmosphere full of energy and enthusiasm?
What are student motivation and attitudes towards school closely linked to?
Enthusiastic teachers are particularly good at creating what kind of relations with their students?
What does academic success include?
What must a teacher guide a student in?
What are closely linked to student-teacher relationships?
What type of teachers are effective?
What type of teachers are effective?
What do teachers spend more time doing?
What type of teachers invite student participation and decision making?
What is one of the three most important aspects of teacher enthusiasm?
What type of teacher has the ability to be very influential in the student's life?
A spark in a teacher may create a spark of excitement in what part of the student?
An enthusiastic teacher has the ability to be what in the young students life?
What must a teacher enjoy doing?
What type of misconduct has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and courts?
What percentage of students in the United States claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
In what country does the American Association of University Women report that 9.6% of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
When did the American Association of University Women report that 9.6% of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
What organization did a study on sexual misconduct by teachers?
In what country did a study show a 0.3% prevalence of sexual abuse by any professional?
What groups were included in the study?
How many young people were in the AAUW study?
What study posed questions about fourteen types of sexual harassment and various degrees of frequency?
In what country did Pamela Rogers and Mary Kay Letourneau cause increased scrutiny on teacher misconduct?
What did the cases of Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau cause?
What has led to some men who enjoy teaching avoiding the profession?
Who is the general secretary of the National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers?
What groups have been outraged by the statutory rape prosecution?
What has the fear of being labelled a pedophile or hebephile led to in some jurisdictions?
What should teachers who have sex with pupils over the age of consent not be placed on?
What can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance?
What is a common cause of stress for teachers?
What are teachers at high risk for?
What is one occupational hazard that can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health?
What can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance?
What percentage of teachers in the UK experienced occupational stress in 2000?
In what country did a 2000 study find that 42% of teachers experienced occupational stress?
How much more stress did a 2000 study find for teachers?
In what year did a study find that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress?
What is the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress experienced by teachers?
How many ways are there to mitigate the occupational hazards of teaching?
What can be used to reduce occupational stress among teachers?
What type of interventions are used to relieve occupational stress among teachers?
Organizational interventions can help to reduce what?
What can be used to reduce occupational stress among teachers?
Where are teachers in almost all countries educated?
What may governments require before a teacher can teach in a school?
What is earned after completion of high school?
What do many educational institutions especially within the US require that prospective teachers pass to be able to teach in classroom?
What country requires that prospective teachers pass a background check and psychiatric evaluation?
Who is responsible for education in Australia?
How many tiers does education in Australia follow?
What is the term for universities and/or TAFE colleges?
What are tertiary schools?
What type of education is primary in Australia?
What does teaching in Canada require?
What is required to become a qualified teacher in most provinces?
Who funds a private school in Canada?
Who are the teachers in Germany mainly?
What are special university classes called in Germany?
What are elementary schools called in Germany?
What do salaries for teachers depend on?
What is the name of the higher level secondary school?
What is given for teaching through the Irish language, in a Gaeltacht area or on an island?
What is the basic pay for a starting teacher in Ireland?
What is the basic salary for a teacher with 25 years service?
What is the average salary for a principal of a large school in Ireland?
Who are teachers required to be registered with?
What section of the Teaching Council Act 2001 prohibits teachers from being paid from Oireachtas funds?
When was the Teaching Council Act passed?
What may a person not registered with the Teaching Council be paid from?
When was Garda vetting introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession?
Who has Garda vetting been introduced for?
How will existing staff be vetted?
Who can't be appointed or engaged by the school in any capacity?
What was the average salary for a Nursery, Primary and Secondary School teacher in September 2007?
What factors affect salaries for Nursery, Primary and Secondary School teachers?
How much does a Preschool teacher earn annually?
What must a teacher in a state have?
In what month and year did salaries for Nursery, Primary and Secondary School teachers vary from £20,133 to £41,004?
What do many counties offer to attract people into teaching?
What type of positions do counties offer alternative licensing programs for?
How will job opportunities vary by geographic area and subject taught?
What are expected as retirements?
What type of teachers are most likely to have excellent job opportunities as retirements?
Who must a teacher be registered with in Scotland?
What is an all graduate profession in Scotland?
How many Scottish Universities offer ITE courses?
What status is given by the GTCS once ITE is completed?
How long does it take for the GTCS to raise the "Full Registration" status?
When did the salary year begin for unpromoted teachers in Scotland?
How much did unpromoted teachers in Scotland earn for a Probationer?
How much did unpromoted teachers earn after 6 years teaching?
What do unpromoted teachers in Scotland need to do in order to earn up to £39,942?
What can teachers in Scotland be registered members of?
In what country is education different from education elsewhere in the United Kingdom?
What language is used by a significant number of students in Wales?
When are lessons in Welsh compulsory for all pupils?
What percentage of primary schools in Wales used Welsh as the sole or main medium of instruction in 2008/09?
What age groups can receive Welsh medium education?
ATL, NUT and NASUWT are examples of what?
What is the average age of teachers in Wales?
When did attacks on teachers in Welsh schools reach an all-time high?
ATL, NUT and NASUWT are examples of what?
What is the growing cause of attacks on teachers in Welsh schools?
Who determines the requirements for getting a license to teach in public schools?
How long can a teacher's certificate last?
What are public school teachers required to have?
What type of schools do not require their teachers to be certified?
What organization sets standards for charter schools?
What have teachers been paid in the past?
What has improved in recent years?
What makes teachers earn more than those with a standard bachelor's degree and certificate?
What type of teachers had the lowest median salary?
Where are teachers selling their lesson plans to other teachers to earn supplemental income?
How many forms of religious teachers are there in Christianity?
What is a non-denominational religion?
How often does the Pope of Rome have a Confessor?
What are the three major traditions of Christianity?
What is another name for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints?
Who can fill the role of spiritual teacher in the LDS Church?
What type of teacher has little in common with the Aaronic priesthood?
Who provides spiritual guidance for all of a family in the LDS Church?
Priesthood representatives are expected to defer to who when in his home?
What is the spiritual teacher known as in Hinduism?
How high is the emphasis on spiritual mentorship in Hinduism?
Who do gurus often exercise a great deal of control over?
Where are the most common traditions of Hinduism?
What are the teachers of Dharma in Tibet most commonly called?
What is a Tulku?
What is the name of a Lama who has consciously determined to be reborn in order to continue their Bodhisattva vow?
How many times has a Lama determined to be reborn?
How has a Lama consciously determined to be reborn?
What is another term for teachers in Islam?
What is another term for teachers in Islam?
What is the more spiritual or mystical Islamic tradition?
What is the exoteric term for the Five Pillars of Islam?
What is the highest of the five Pillars of Islam?
What language was Martin Luther?
When did Martin Luther die?
What church did Martin Luther reject?
What did Martin Luther believe could be purchased with money?
What did the Pope do to Martin Luther after he refused to retract his writings?
What did Luther believe that salvation is only earned by good deeds?
What did Luther believe was a free gift of God's grace?
Whose authority did Luther challenge?
What is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God?
What did Luther consider all baptized Christians to be?
What did von Bora's translation of the Bible make more accessible?
What version of the German language did the translation of the Bible lead to?
What was the English translation of the Bible called?
What did his hymns influence the development of?
What did his marriage to Katharina von Bora allow?
When was Martin Luther born?
Where was Martin Luther born?
What empire was Saxony a part of?
What religion was Martin Luther baptized as?
What was Martin's profession?
What university did he enter in 1501?
What did he describe the University of Erfurt as?
At what time was he made to wake every morning?
What type of learning did Erasmus do?
When did he receive his master's degree?
What school did Luther enroll in?
Why did Luther drop out of law school?
What was Luther drawn to?
How did Luther test everything himself?
What did Luther believe was more important to him than reason?
What did Luther say he was terrified of?
When did Luther enter a closed Augustinian cloister?
Where did Luther enter on 17 July 1505?
What was the cause of Luther's decision to enter the cloister?
What did Luther's father see as a waste of?
What order did Luther dedicate himself to?
What did Luther describe the period of his life as?
What did Luther make of Christ the Savior and Comforter?
Who was Luther's superior?
What did Luther teach that true repentance does not involve self-inflicted penances and punishments?
In what year was Luther ordained to the priesthood?
Who was the first dean of the University of Wittenberg?
When did von Staupitz send Luther to teach theology?
When did von Staupitz receive a bachelor's degree in Biblical studies?
What book did von Staupitz receive a bachelor's degree in in 1509?
When was he awarded his Doctor of Theology?
When was he received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg?
What position was he called to at the University of Wittenberg?
Where did he spend the rest of his career?
What position did he hold at the University of Wittenberg?
In what year was Johann Tetzel sent to Germany?
What did Johann Tetzel raise money for?
What church sent Johann Tetzel to Germany?
What did the Roman Catholic Church believe was the only way to justify man?
What did the Roman Catholic Church believe was the only way to justify man?
When did Luther write to his bishop, Albert of Mainz, protesting the sale of indulgences?
Who was Luther's bishop?
What was the name of Luther's disputation of Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences?
Who wrote that Luther had no intention of confronting the church?
Which of Hillerbrand's theses asks: "Why does the pope build the basilica of St. Peter with the money of poor believers?
Who did Luther object to a saying that said "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory (also attested as 'into heaven') springs?"
What did Luther say when a soul from purgatory springs?
Who objected to a saying attributed to Johann Tetzel that "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory (also attested as 'into heaven') springs?"
Who did Luther object to a saying that said "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory (also attested as 'into heaven') springs?"
Who was the only one to grant forgiveness?
What did he say indulgences gave buyers?
What did he say indulgences absolve buyers of?
What did he say Christians must not slacken in following Christ on account of?
Who did he say must not slacken in following on account of false assurances?
Whose teaching on indulgences for the dead was in line with Catholic dogma of the time?
What was Tetzel's ability to do?
If Tetzel overstated the matter in regard to what, his teaching on indulgences for the living was in line with Catholic dogma of the time?
What was in line with Catholic dogma of the time if Tetzel overstated the matter in regards to indulgences for the dead?
What is one of the pillars of history?
What is one of the pillars of history?
Whose comments are the story of the posting on the door based on?
Where was Philipp Melanchthon?
How much truth does the story of the posting on the door have?
When did friends of Luther translate the 95 Theses from Latin into German?
What was the controversy one of the first in history to be aided by?
Who translated the 95 Theses from Latin into German?
How long did it take for copies of the 95 Theses to spread throughout Germany?
How long did it take for copies of the 95 Theses to spread throughout Europe?
When did Luther's writings reach France, England, and Italy?
Who thronged to Wittenberg to hear Luther speak?
When was the Work on the Psalms published?
When were three of Luther's best-known works published?
Which of Luther's best-known works was published in 1520?
What did Luther do between 1510 and 1520?
What terms did Luther see used by the Catholic Church in new ways?
What did Luther think of the Catholic Church?
What did Luther believe the Catholic church had lost sight of?
What was the most important doctrine for Luther?
Luther came to understand justification as entirely the work of whom?
In what year did Luther publish On the Bondage of the Will?
What was faith for Luther?
Where did Luther explain his concept of "justification"?
What did Luther believe was the righteousness of God?
Luther's rediscovery of what was the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation?
Luther's rediscovery of what was the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation?
What did Luther rail against?
How many points did Luther's rediscovery of "Christ and His salvation" become the foundation for the Reformation?
Who did not reply to Luther's letter containing the 95 Theses?
Where did Albrecht send the 95 Theses to?
What did Albrecht need the revenue from the indulgences to pay off for his tenure of more than one bishopric?
How much money was to go to the building of St Peter's Church in Rome?
When were the 95 Theses sent to Rome?
Who was used to reformers and heretics?
Who did Pope Leo X deploy against Luther?
When was the Imperial Diet held?
What did historistical interpretation of Bible prophecy conclude about the papacy?
What did Cajetan want to do if Luther did not recant?
When did the papal nuncio Karl von Miltitz adopt a more conciliatory approach?
What did Luther promise to do if his opponents did?
Who was determined to expose Luther's doctrine in a public forum?
What scripture did Luther say did not confer on popes the right to interpret scripture?
What did Eck call Luther?
When did the Pope warn Luther that he would be excommunicated?
How many sentences did Luther have to do to avoid being excommunicated?
How long did it take Luther to recante 41 sentences from his writings?
Who was a papal nuncio?
When was Luther excommunicated?
Who enforced the ban on the 95 Theses?
When did Luther appear before the Diet of Worms?
What was the Diet of Worms a general assembly of?
Who presiding over the Diet of Worms?
Who obtained a safe conduct for Luther to and from the Diet of Worms?
Who was the Archbishop of Trier's assistant?
Who was Johann Eck's assistant?
How did Luther respond to the second question?
When did Luther give his answer to the second question?
How did Luther respond to Eck's second question?
What did Luther do at the end of his speech?
What is the traditional salute of Luther's speech?
Who considers Luther's speech a "world classic of epoch-making oratory"?
What does Michael Mullett consider Luther's speech to be a world classic of?
What did Luther refuse to do?
Who said "Here I stand. I do no other"?
How were Luther's words recorded in witness accounts of the proceedings?
What form of words did Mullett believe Luther would choose?
What was held to determine Luther's fate?
When was the final draft of the Edict of Worms presented?
Who presented the final draft of the Edict of Worms?
What did the Edict of Worms require of Luther?
What did the Edict of Worms allow anyone to do without legal consequence?
What was planned on Luther's return to Wittenberg?
Where was Luther escorted to?
What was the name of Luther's stay at Wartburg?
What did Luther translate from Greek into German during his stay at Wartburg?
What did Luther do to Archbishop Albrecht?
What did Luther argue that every good work designed to attract God's favor is?
What did Luther say about God's grace?
When did Luther write to Melanchthon?
What did Luther say to Melanchthon?
What resides in the life of Luther?
When did Luther expand his target from individual pieties to doctrines at the heart of Church practices?
What did Luther do to the idea that the Mass is a sacrifice?
What did Luther believe the Mass was?
What did Luther encourage in his essay On Confession, Whether the Pope has the Power to Require It?
What could monks and nuns do without sin?
What did Luther place the foundations of the Reformation on?
In what year did Luther deal largely with prophecy?
Where was the Little Horn found?
What prophecy did Luther focus on?
What was identified as the power of the Papacy?
Who supported Andreas Karlstadt?
When did Andreas Karlstadt embark on a radical programme of reform at Wittenberg?
What did the reforms provoke?
What group of visionary zealots arrived at Wittenberg after Christmas?
Who asked Luther to return to Wittenberg?
When did Luther return to Wittenberg?
What was the only way Luther could repair Satan's ravages?
How did Luther begin his Lent?
What was the name of the eight sermons Luther preached during Lent?
What did Luther remind the citizens to do instead of violence?
What was the effect of Luther's intervention?
Who wrote to the elector after the sixth sermon?
When did Jerome Schurf write to the elector?
What did Jerome Schurf say about Dr. Martin's return?
What type of people did Jerome Schurf say Dr. Martin's words are bringing back every day?
What did Luther work with the authorities to restore?
What type of force was Luther?
Who did Luther banish?
What did the radical reformers foment?
What church did Luther face a battle against after banishing the Zwickau prophets?
Who was Nicholas Storch?
What war took place between 1524 and 25?
When was the German Peasants' War?
What did many peasants believe Luther would do to the upper classes?
What class did many peasants believe Luther would attack?
Luther reminded the aggrieved to obey what?
When did Luther become enraged at the burning of convents, monasteries, bishops' palaces, and libraries?
What did Luther call for the nobles to put down the rebels like?
What did Luther call the violence in Thuringia?
Who did Luther call to put down the rebels?
How did Luther justify his opposition to the rebels?
What was Luther's first reason for opposing the rebels?
St. Paul wrote that all authorities are appointed by whom?
What doctrine is based on the reference from the Bible?
How did the peasants deserve death?
What did many rebels lay down their weapons without Luther's backing?
Who defeated the rebels at the Battle of Frankenhausen?
When was the Battle of Frankenhausen?
What was the result of the defeat of the Swabian League at the Battle of Frankenhausen?
Who led Luther's Reformation?
Who did Martin Luther marry?
How were the nuns smuggled out?
How old was Katharina von Bora at the time of their marriage?
How old was Martin Luther when he married Katharina von Bora?
When did Martin Luther marry Katharina von Bora?
On what date was the couple engaged?
On what day was Bugenhagen married?
What was left out of the ceremonial walk to the church?
When was the wedding banquet?
Who was the husband of Lucas Cranach the Elder?
What did Luther's wedding set for clerical marriage?
What did Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on?
Why did Luther condemn vows of celibacy?
What did Luther expect when he married George Spalatin?
What did Melanchthon call Luther's decision to marry?
What was the name of the monastery where Luther and his wife moved?
Where did Luther and his wife move into?
How many children did Luther and his wife have?
Luther confided to Michael Stiefel that he would not exchange his poverty for what?
How did Katharina help Luther and his wife earn a living?
What was Luther's Biblical ideal?
What did Luther establish from 1525 to 1529?
What kind of worship service did Luther lay down?
How many catechisms did Luther write?
What type of thought was Luther's?
What did Luther avoid to avoid confusion or upsetting the people?
Where did Luther concentrate on the church?
What did Luther act as to churches in new territories?
Who was the new elector?
What did Martin Brecht say was the beginning of a questionable and originally unintended development towards a church government?
When did Luther publish his German Mass?
What was the German Mass a replacement for?
Who did Luther want the German Mass to serve as an alternative to?
Luther omitted everything that smacks of what?
What did the optional trappings of the Mass allow?
When did the Electorate of Saxony begin?
When did Luther and his colleagues introduce the new order of worship?
What type of education did Luther and his colleagues assess in Saxony?
What did Luther say the common people knew nothing of?
What did Luther say about pastors in Saxony?
What was the name of Luther's method of imparting the basics of Christianity to congregations?
When was the Large Catechism written?
Who did Luther write the Large Catechism for?
Who could memorize the Small Catechism?
What did Luther incorporate in the catechism?
What is one of Luther's most personal works?
How did Luther plan to collect his writings?
Along with the Bondage of the Will, what is one of Luther's most personal works?
What has earned a reputation as a model of clear religious teaching?
Along with Luther's hymns, what is the Small Catechism a part of?
What was the Larger Catechism?
What was effective for pastors?
What language did the Larger Catechism use?
How did Luther depict the Trinity?
Where did Salvation originate?
When did Luther publish his German translation of the New Testament?
In what year did Luther and his collaborators complete the translation of the Old Testament?
What did Luther and his collaborators complete of the Old Testament in 1534?
What word did Luther insert after "faith" in Romans 3:28?
What word did Luther use after "faith" in Romans 3:28?
Where was the variant of German spoken?
What parts of Germany were able to read Luther's translation of the Bible?
Who did Luther want the Bible to be accessible to?
How did Luther hope to make the Bible accessible to other people?
What did Luther remove to make the Bible accessible to everyday Germans?
When was the Luther Bible published?
What was Luther's version of the Bible known as?
What did Luther's Bible make a significant contribution to?
Who made woodcuts of Luther's Bible?
Who wrote the English Bible?
How did Luther write hymns?
What types of music did Luther connect with all classes, clergy and laity, men, women, and children?
What was Luther's tool of choice for connecting worship, school, home, and the public arena?
What instrument did Luther often accompany hymns with?
What was the lute called that became a national instrument of Germany in the 20th century?
Along with the Reformation, what prompted Luther to write his hymns?
Why were Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes martyred?
What hymn did Luther write after the execution of Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes?
Who translated Luther's hymn "Ein neues Lied wir heben an" into English?
What was the title of Luther's hymn?
When was Luther's creedal hymn "Wir glauben all an einen Gott" written?
What did Luther's 1524 creedal hymn prefigure Luther's 1529 three-part explanation of in the Small Catechism?
What is the name of Luther's 1524 creedal hymn?
What was Luther's 1524 creedal hymn adapted and expanded from?
Why did 20th-century Lutherans rarely use the hymn?
When was Luther's version of the Lord's Prayer written?
What is Luther's 1538 hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer?
What did the hymn serve as a means of examining candidates on?
What does the extant manuscript show about the Lord's Prayer?
What did other 16th and 20th century versifications of the Lord's Prayer adopt?
When did Luther write "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir"?
What psalm did Luther write "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir" as a hymnic version of?
What did Luther do with the hymn "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir"?
What was the name of the first Lutheran hymnal?
What doctrine did the expanded version of "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir" express?
What was the main hymn for Advent?
What was "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" based on?
What was "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland"?
How many hymns did Luther write on the Ten Commandments?
What was the name of Luther's hymn "Herr Gott, dich loben wir"?
What did Luther's 1541 hymn reflect the structure and substance of in the Small Catechism?
Whose tune did Luther use for Psalm 67's prayer for grace?
What Psalm 67 verse was used as a setting for Luther's 1541 hymn?
Which composer used the hymn as a subject for their own work?
Where did the Lutheran Reformation take place?
What were Luther's hymns included in?
How many songs did Luther provide for the First Lutheran hymnal Achtliederbuch?
How many songs were in the Erfurt Enchiridion?
How many of Luther's songs were in the first choral hymnal?
What was the name of the composer of the first Lutheran hymnal?
Who included several verses as chorales in his cantatas?
What did Johann Sebastian Bach base entirely on the verses in his cantatas?
When was Christ lag in Todes Banden?
When was Bach's second annual cycle?
In what year did BWV 14 begin?
What did Luther believe a Christian's soul does after it is separated from the body in death?
What idea did Luther reject for the saints?
What did Luther believe that souls do in a prepared bedchamber?
What did Luther reject about Purgatory?
In what book did Luther describe the saints as currently residing in their graves and in heaven?
Who observed that Luther's teaching about the state of the Christian's soul after death differed from later Lutheran theologians?
Who was a later Lutheran theologian?
Who was a later Lutheran theologian?
When was Lessing born?
What is the name of Luther's book?
Who argued that John Jortin misread Luther's Commentary on Genesis?
When did Francis Blackburne argue that John Jortin misread the passage?
Who pointed out in 1867 that the passage actually refers to the soul of a man "in this life"?
What interrupts a man's sleep?
When was the Marburg Colloquy?
Who was Philip I?
What was the goal of the Marburg Colloquy?
How many points of agreement were reached out of fifteen?
What is the sacrament of the Lord's Supper?
What did theologians differ on the significance of at the Last Supper?
What did Luther insist on the Real Presence of in the consecrated bread and wine?
What did Luther call the consecrated bread and wine?
What did opponents of Luther believe God to be?
According to transcripts, the debate sometimes became what?
When was the Augsburg Confession signed?
What paved the way for the signing of the Augsburg Confession?
What league did the Marburg Colloquy lead to?
Who did not sign the Augsburg Confession?
Who formed the Schmalkaldic League?
What did some scholars say Luther taught that faith and reason were?
What is the right tool for understanding the world outside of the Bible for Luther?
How does reason contribute to faith?
What is the right tool for understanding the world outside of the Bible for Luther?
What is Luther's concern in separating faith and reason?
What did Luther write that discouraged mistreatment of the Jews?
What did Luther lose hope in as the Reformation continued?
What group did Luther discourage mistreatment of?
Along with Zwinglianism and the papacy, what group did Luther attack?
When did Luther write Von den Juden and theirn Lügen?
What did Luther see the Turks as?
How did Luther view the Turks?
What did the Biblical apocalypse do to the papacy?
What was the antichrist believed to be?
What type of war did Luther want the Germans to fight against the Turks?
What did Luther oppose banning the publication of?
What did Luther produce after reading the Qur'an?
What religion was Mohammedanism?
What did Luther see the Muslim faith as?
Why did Luther oppose banning the publication of the Qur'an?
What did Johannes Agricola claim that God's gospel revealed to Christians?
Who preached a sermon in which he claimed that God's gospel revealed God's wrath to Christians?
Who did the antinomian theses claim the law belonged to?
What did Luther respond to the theses?
What book did Johannes Agricola write?
What does Luther call the use of the law as the Holy Spirit's tool to work sorrow over sin in man's heart?
What is the Holy Spirit's tool to do in man's heart?
What does Luther say is called the law?
What does refusing to preach the Ten Commandments do?
What does Luther say the church consists of?
What do the Ten Commandments teach a Christian?
What does Luther say positively teach how the Christian ought to live?
What has traditionally been called the "third use of the law"?
What is Christ's life for Luther?
What does Luther say positively teach how the Christian ought to live?
What is the sacrament of baptism?
What is a present foreshadowing of the believers' future angel-like life in heaven in the midst of this life?
What do the Ten Commandments direct the Christian to do?
What did Philip I want to do with his wife's ladies-in-waiting?
What did Luther become implicated in?
Who did Philip I want to marry?
What did Brecht say history does?
What did the affair cause to Luther's reputation?
What did the local community have done to the Jews about ninety years prior to Luther's life?
Who did Luther consider blasphemers and liars?
What did Luther believe Jews were guilty of?
What did the Jews reject?
What did Luther want to do with the Jews?
What was the name of Luther's 60,000-word treatise on the Jews?
In what year was Vom Schem Hamphoras and vom Geschlecht Christi published?
How long before Luther's death was the Holy Name and the Lineage of Christ published?
Luther argued that the Jews were no longer the chosen people but what?
What did Robert Michael think Luther's words about the Jews amounted to?
Who did Martin Luther speak out against in Saxony, Brandenburg, and Silesia?
Who did Josel of Rosheim blame for the Jews' plight?
What did Martin Luther say about whoever would help the Jews?
What did Josel ask the city of Strasbourg to forbid the sale of?
When did riots lead to the expulsion of Jews from several German Lutheran states?
Who was the most widely read author of his generation?
What contributed significantly to the development of antisemitism in Germany?
What did Luther's anti-Jewish rhetoric provide an "ideal underpinning" for?
Who was the most widely read author of his generation?
How did the newspaper describe the first edition of On the Jews and their Lies?
When did seven Protestant confederations issue a statement agreeing with the policy of forcing Jews to wear the yellow badge?
Whose writing was a "blueprint"?
Who argued that Luther's writing was a "blueprint"?
Who wrote a compendium of Luther's writings shortly after Kristallnacht?
Who did Sasse say was the warner of his people against the Jews?
What do some scholars see the Nazis' use of Luther's work as?
What caused Luther to become one of the 'church fathers' of anti-Semitism?
What did Luther's misguided agitation provide material for?
When were Luther's writings against the Jews largely ignored?
What was Luther's position on the Jews and Their Lies?
What lent a new element to the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism?
Who wrote that Luther is credited with "Germanizing the Christian critique of Judaism and establishing anti-Semitism as a key element of German culture and national identity"?
What type of mentality did Paul Rose believe he caused about Jews to enter German thought and discourse?
Who used Luther's anti-Semitic publications to justify anti-Semitic policies of the National Socialists?
What did a large number of German clergy and theologians use to justify the anti-Semitic policies of the National Socialists?
What did Edwards believe was the cause of Luther's antisemitic views?
How did Luther's antisemitic views develop during the years when his health deteriorated?
What did Edwards say Luther used in his writings?
What are "Turks"?
What book did Mark U. Edwards write in 1983?
When did Lutheran Church denominations repudiate Martin Luther's statements against the Jews?
What did Strommen et al.'s 1970 survey find about Lutherans?
Who is the author of Hitler and Nazism?
In what years did Professor Geary write an article on who voted for the Nazis?
What happened to Luther's health from 1531 to 1546?
What incident caused a scandal for Luther?
What was Luther suffering from in 1536?
What caused Luther's ear drum to rupture in 1536?
What effect did Luther feel in 1544?
What made Luther short-tempered and harsher in his writings and comments?
What did Luther's poor physical health make him harsher in?
What effect did Luther's poor physical health have on his writings and comments?
Who was overheard saying, "Dear husband, you are too rude"?
How many times did Luther preach in the Market Church in Halle?
Where was Luther's last sermon delivered?
When was Luther's last sermon delivered?
What group was Luther's last sermon devoted to?
Where were the obdurate Jews to be expelled from?
What did Luther pray for the Jews?
Where was Luther's final journey?
What was the purpose of Luther's visit to Mansfeld?
When did Luther travel to Mansfeld?
When was the third visit to Mansfeld needed?
Who did Luther worry about continuing in his father's copper mining trade?
When were the negotiations successfully concluded?
What did Luther experience after 8 a.m.?
What is the common prayer of the dying?
What is the common prayer of the dying?
When did Luther wake up with more chest pain?
What deprived Luther of his speech?
When did Luther die?
When did Luther die?
Where was Luther buried?
Who held Luther's funeral?
What was written on a piece of paper?
In what language was Luther's last statement found?
What was the German version of Luther's last statement?
What was Luther's size?
What type of saints were depicted in the 1530s and 1540s?
How was Luther shown in 1530s and 1540s?
What was Luther's ascetic life a stark contrast to?
When were printed images of Luther crucial to the spread of Protestantism?
When is Luther honoured with a commemoration in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints?
In what other calendar is Luther commemorated?
When is Luther commemorated in the Church of England's Calendar of Saints?
Where is Luther commemorated on 31 October?
How is Luther honoured?
What is Southern California often abbreviated as?
How many counties are in Southern California?
Southern California is a major what for the state of California and the United States?
What are the eight counties in Southern California based on?
What is the more extensive 10-county definition based on?
What is one of the 11 megaregions of the United States?
How many megaregions are there in the US?
The Southern California Megaregion extends east into Las Vegas, what state?
The Southern California Megaregion extends south across what border into Tijuana?
The Southern California Megaregion extends south across the Mexican border into what city?
What coast does Southern California stretch along?
How many metropolitan areas are there in Southern California?
How many people live in the Los Angeles area?
What is the largest city in Southern California?
How many people live in the Greater Los Angeles Area?
What river is at the border with Arizona?
What is to the east of the border with Arizona?
What is the name of the desert at the border with Nevada?
To the south is what border?
In what state is San Diego located?
What is the population of Los Angeles?
What is the most populous city in California?
What is the second most populous city in California?
In what part of California is San Diego located?
What is one of the five most populous counties in the state?
In what country are Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside in the top 15 most populous counties?
What are Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside?
How many of the most populous counties are in California?
What are Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside?
What is the name of the district within Los Angeles that is associated with the motion picture industry?
Where is the motion picture, television, and music industry centered?
What company owns ABC?
Along with motion picture and television, what industry is centered on Los Angeles?
What company owns Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Brothers?
Along with surf, what sport is popular in southern California?
Who is a professional skateboarder?
Who is a professional snowboarder?
Southern California is second to what island in terms of famous surf breaks?
What is the name of the annual Transpac Yacht Race?
What desert city is popular for its resort feel?
What type of beaches are popular with locals and tourists?
Which coast of California is popular with locals and tourists?
Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and what else?
What is the latitude of California's north-south midway point?
How many miles south of San Jose is California's north-south midway point?
How many southern counties are in California?
What mountain range is the northern boundary of southern California?
What area of California is the Tehachapi Mountains?
What country ruled California from the time it was ruled?
Where was Los Angeles located?
Where were the Californios in the upper part of Alta California?
What was the line of the division of Alta California?
What type of state was California admitted to the Union as?
What were the Californios unhappy with?
What was the name of the lightly populated county in southern California?
How many times did Californios and pro-slavery southerners attempt to achieve a separate statehood?
What percentage of voters approved the Pico Act of 1859?
Who was a strong advocate of the Pico Act of 1859?
Who defined southern California as including the seven counties of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, Ventura and Santa Barbara?
In what year did the Los Angeles Times define southern California as including the seven counties of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, Ventura and Santa Barbara?
In what year did the Times add a newer county to its southern California list?
What county did the Times add in 1999?
How many counties did the Los Angeles Times define southern California as including?
What group divides the state?
What is the name of the AAA Auto Club?
What is the point of view of the AAA Auto Clubs?
What geographical phrase split the southern region off at the crest of the transverse range?
Along with the northern, central, and southern regions, what region of California does the AAA Auto Club of Southern California split off at the crest of the transverse range?
Where does Southern California rank among megalopolis in the US?
What areas of Southern California have been left undeveloped?
What type of community is Southern California famous for?
Along with automobiles, what type of highways are used in southern California?
What type of region is San Diego-Tijuana?
What is the main gap to continued urbanization?
Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with what area?
Who considers the San Bernardino and Riverside County areas as a separate metropolitan area from Los Angeles County?
What county is San Bernardino in?
When were the non-desert portions of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties developed?
What type of climate does Southern California have?
What type of rain does Southern California get?
What is the temperature range in Southern California in the summer?
How rare is snow in the Southwest of California?
What is the temperature range in winter in Southern California?
What is the name of the ocean in Southern California?
What type of collections of geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes does Southern California have?
What type of landscape is Southern California?
Along with the Transverse Ranges, what Range has its peaks?
What is the name of the interior of Southern California?
How many earthquakes occur each year in southern California?
How large are the earthquakes in southern California?
What was the magnitude of the 1994 Northridge earthquake?
What did the 1994 Northridge earthquake cause?
How much property damage was the 1994 Northridge earthquake estimated to cause?
What fault can produce a magnitude 8.0 earthquake?
What is the magnitude of the San Andreas Fault?
Along with the San Jacinto Fault and the Elsinore Fault Zone, what fault produces a magnitude 6.7 earthquake?
Who has released a California Earthquake forecast?
The USGS has released a California Earthquake forecast which models what?
How is Southern California divided?
What kind of recognition does a city have?
What is the hub of economic activity for its respective region?
In what year was southern California's population 22,680,010?
What reputation does southern California have?
What was the state average growth rate in southern California in the 2000s?
What type of economy is the Bay Area?
What region of California has a stronger tech-oriented economy?
What are the eight metropolitan areas in Southern California?
How many extended metropolitan areas are in Southern California?
How many people live in the two extended metropolitan areas?
The El Centro metropolitan area and San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos metropolitan area form what region?
How many people live in the Greater Los Angeles Area?
What is the largest city in all of California?
How many people live in San Diego?
How many cities in southern California have more than 200,000 residents?
How many people live in southern California?
Along with San Bernardino, what is the only other developed city in southern California?
What is Southern California's economy heavily dependent on?
What is the name of the film, television, and music industry in Southern California?
What was Southern California a leader in during 2001-2007?
How is Southern California's economy?
How has the housing crash affected Southern California?
When were motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing major industries?
What is one of the richest agricultural regions in the U.S.?
What is one of the richest agricultural regions in the U.S.?
What is one of the richest agricultural regions in the U.S.?
What industry continues to be a major factor in the U.S. economy?
What type of districts are in Southern California?
What are Downtown Los Angeles, Downtown San Diego, Downtown San Bernardino, Downtown Bakersfield, South Coast Metro and Downtown Riverside?
Along with Downtown Riverside and Downtown Los Angeles, what is a major business district in Southern California?
What type of district is Downtown Burbank?
Downtown Burbank is located in what area?
Where is Warner Center located?
Downtown Burbank is located in what area?
What type of districts are in Downtown San Bernardino?
Downtown San Bernardino is located in what area?
What is the name of the business district in San Bernardino-Riverside?
What county is a rapidly developing business center?
Where are international corporations headquartered?
What area includes the Jamboree Business Parks?
Along with Newport Center and Downtown Santa Ana, what district is in Orange County?
How is Orange County developing?
What is the central business district of San Diego?
Where are most of the business districts located?
Some of the business districts are located in what region of San Diego?
What is the central business district of San Diego?
What is the second busiest airport in the US by passenger volume?
How does Los Angeles International Airport rank among the busiest airports in the US?
Where is Los Angeles International Airport ranked by international passenger volume?
What is the busiest single runway airport in the world?
What is the world's busiest general aviation airport?
What is the name of the commuter rail system?
How many lines of Metrolink run out of Downtown Los Angeles?
How many of the seven lines of Metrolink run out of Downtown Los Angeles?
Metrolink connects San Bernardino, Riverside, and what county?
What is the busiest commercial port in the United States?
What is the busiest container port in Southern California?
In what part of California is the Port of Los Angeles located?
What is a moniker that has gained use as a descriptor for the region's diversified technology and industrial base?
What type of universities are on the Tech Coast?
What type of institution is Chapman University?
How many University of California campuses are in the Tech Coast?
How many California State University campuses are in the Tech Coast?
What league are the Los Angeles Rams and San Diego Chargers in?
What team is Los Angeles Lakers a part of?
What is the name of the Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres?
What NHL team is the Anaheim Ducks?
What is the name of the MLS team?
What team was suspended after the 2014 MLS season?
How many Major League Soccer teams were in Los Angeles from 2005 to 2014?
When was the Chivas USA suspended?
Where did the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA play?
In what year was a second MLS team scheduled to return to play?
What type of sports are popular in southern California?
Which school has a longtime rivalry with the USC Trojans?
What is the name of the USC team that fielded a team in the Pac-12 Conference?
What conference are the UCLA Bruins and USC Trojans in?
In what division of the Pac-12 Conference do the UCLA Bruins and USC Trojans compete?
What is a growing sport in southern California?
At what level is rugby a growing sport in southern California?
As what do schools in southern California add rugby as?
What was the UK's largest digital subscription television company?
What was the UK's largest digital subscription television company?
In what year did BSkyB acquire Sky Italia?
What did BSkyB's holding company change its name to?
What was the new name of BSkyB in the United Kingdom?
In what year was Setanta Sports awarded two of the six Premier League packages that the English FA offered to broadcasters?
How many of the six Premier League packages were awarded to Setanta Sports in 2006?
Which broadcaster ended its monopoly after the 2007-08 season?
How much did Sky pay for the remaining Premier League packages?
What consortium was BSkyB excluded from being a part of?
What is the name of ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement?
How many BSkyB channels were available on the Freeview platform prior to October 2005?
What was the name of the BSkyB channel that replaced Sky Travel?
What was Sky Three re-branded as in 2011?
What did BSkyB initially charge additional fees for using with their service?
When did Sky launch a new TV advertising campaign targeting women?
How much does a customer have to pay to enable Sky+ functions?
When did BSkyB discontinue the Sky+ Box?
What box did BSkyB begin to issue as standard?
What pay-TV scrambling system does BSkyB use?
What company owns the VideoGuard system?
What company owns NDS?
Who has design authority over all digital satellite receivers capable of receiving their service?
What is the name of the Personal video recorder?
What did Virgin Media remove from the network on March 1, 2007?
In what year did BSkyB and Virgin Media become involved in a dispute over the carriage of Sky channels on cable TV?
What did Virgin Media claim about BSkyB?
What type of content was not previously carried by cable?
What type of channels did BSkyB claim were included in their new deal?
When did the English High Court of Justice find that Microsoft's use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky's right to the "Sky" trademark?
In what year did the English High Court of Justice find that Microsoft's use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky's right to the "Sky" trademark?
What did Microsoft announce that SkyDrive would soon become?
What did SkyDrive Pro become in January 2014?
What service did Microsoft rename SkyDrive?
Who was the chief executive officer of BSkyB in 1993?
Whose satellites did BSkyB broadcast on?
When was BSkyB's analogue service closed?
What platform was used to expand BSkyB's analogue service?
How many households did BSkyB reach by mid-1994?
What is another name for Sky UK Limited?
What type of company is Sky UK Limited?
How many customers did Sky have as of 2015?
What company overtook Sky as the UK's most popular digital TV service in April 2007?
What is the broadband router called?
The Sky Q Mini set top boxes connect to which set top boxes with a Wi-Fi or Power-line connection?
What does this allow all set top boxes in a household to do?
When will the Sky Q range of products and services be available?
When will the Sky Q range of products and services be available?
What standard are BSkyB's standard definition broadcasts in?
What kind of soundtracks do Sky Movies and Sky Box Office channels include?
What standard is used to broadcast Sky+ HD material?
Interactive services and 7-day EPG use what proprietary system?
What standard does most of the Sky+ HD material use?
When was Sky Digital launched?
What satellite did Sky use when it was launched in 1998?
What satellite enabled Sky to launch a new all-digital service?
How many television and radio channels could Sky carry?
At what orbital position was the Astra 2A satellite located?
When did BSkyB launch its HDTV service?
How many people had registered to receive BSkyB's HD service prior to its launch?
What manufacturer was rumored to be having issues with BSkyB's set top box?
How many customers had yet to receive the Sky+ HD service?
What was the total number of homes with Sky+HD?
When did BSkyB announce its intention to replace its three free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels?
When did Setanta Sports announce its subscription service?
What platform did Setanta Sports launch in March?
What was NTL's service re-branded as?
What is one of the sports channels that BSkyB is proposing to replace its three free-to-air channels with four subscription channels?
What are some broadcasts that are encrypted but do not require a monthly subscription known as?
What does free-to-view require?
What is the name of the receiver used to view encrypted content?
What band is provided at the end of the dish and pointed at the correct satellite constellation?
What service is the VideoGuard UK equipped receiver dedicated to?
In what year were talks held for broadcast rights for the Premier League?
Who were the current rights holders of the Premier League?
How much did ITV increase its offer to keep control of the rights?
Who was given the highlights of most of the matches?
How much did BSkyB pay for the Premier League rights?
Who enforces open access to BSkyB's EPG?
What is the range of fees for access to BSkyB's EPG?
How many vetoes does BSkyB have over the presence of channels on their EPG?
How does BSkyB handle carriage issues?
How does BSkyB handle carriage issues?
When was BSkyB's digital service officially launched?
What was the name of BSkyB's digital service?
What is the name of BSkyB's interactive service?
What company did ITV Digital later become?
How many digiboxes were sold within 30 days?
When was Virgin Media re-branded?
Who started to offer a high-definition television capable set top box in 2007?
What service did Virgin Media focus on carrying a modest selection of HD content?
What was the only linear HD channel carried by Virgin Media?
Virgin Media had an option to carry what channel in the future?
How many homes did BSkyB's direct-to-home satellite service become available in in 2010?
What was the audience of BSkyB's direct-to-home satellite service in the UK in 2010?
When was the target for BSkyB's direct-to-home service first announced?
What percentage of households did BSkyB's direct-to-home satellite service reach in 2010?
How did media commentators view the growth in subscriber numbers elsewhere in Europe?
What did Alec Shelbrooke propose to use to pay benefits and tax credits?
What could a "Welfare Cash Card" be used to buy?
What was the claim that a subscription to BSkyB was?
What did the Daily Mail report that the UK government's benefits agency was checking?
What did the Daily Mail claim sports channels would betray?
How much are the fixed annual carriage fees for BSkyB and Virgin Media?
Is there an indication that the new deal includes additional Video On Demand and High Definition content that had previously been offered by BSkyB?
Along with BSkyB, what company agreed to terminate High Court proceedings against each other?
Who previously offered Video On Demand and High Definition content?
Virgin Media and BSkyB agreed to terminate all High Court proceedings against each other relating to the carriage of what?
What is the economy of Victoria?
Where is Victoria's total gross state product ranked in Australia?
Where is Victoria ranked in terms of GSP per capita?
What city is described as the "sporting capital of Australia"?
What is the largest stadium in Australia?
Where is the legacy of Chinese miners particularly strong?
Where were the Lambing Flat riots?
Where was a riot in 1857?
How many miners were killed in the 1854 typhoid outbreak?
What were the conditions on the gold fields?
What type of representation system was used in the 2006 election?
How many electorates did the State of Victoria have?
How many representatives were in each electorate?
How long is the term of office of the lower house members?
How often do elections for the Victorian Parliament occur?
What is the ALP?
What is the centre-right party of Australia?
Which party is strongest in Victoria's North Western and Eastern regional areas?
Which party won their first lower house seats in 2014?
What party is strongest in Melbourne's working class western and northern suburbs?
What percentage of Victorians describe themselves as Christian?
What percentage of Victorians are Roman Catholic?
What is the state's largest non-Christian religion?
How many members of Buddhism are there in Victorian?
What percentage of Victorians claim no religion?
In what part of Australia is Victoria located?
What type of state is Victoria?
Where does Victoria rank among Australia's most populous states?
What is Australia's second-largest city?
Where does Melbourne rank among cities in Australia?
What are the Aboriginal peoples collectively known as?
When did Great Britain claim the entire Australian continent east of the 135th meridian east?
What colony did Great Britain claim the entire Australian continent east of the 135th meridian east in 1788?
Where was the first settlement in the area?
When was the first settlement in the area?
How much of Victorian farmland is sown for grain?
How much of Victorian farmland is sown for wheat?
How much of Victorian farmland is sown for grain?
What percentage of Australian pears are produced by Victorian farms?
How many tonnes of tomatoes were produced in Victorian farmland last year?
When was the written constitution of Victoria enacted?
What is the constitution of Victoria based on?
Who can amend the Victorian Constitution?
What type of provisions require an absolute majority in both houses?
What act establishes the Parliament as the state's law-making body for matters coming under state responsibility?
What are the Mallee and upper Wimmera?
What is the average summer temperature in Victoria?
What is the average temperature in Victoria in winter?
What was Victoria's highest maximum temperature since World War II?
When was Victoria's highest temperature since World War II?
What are other names for public schools in Victoria?
Who runs the public schools in Victoria?
What is levied on students at public schools?
Who runs the private schools in Victoria?
What standards do all schools in Victoria comply with?
What are the three major car brands in Victoria?
What was the closure year for Toyota's plant in Victoria?
When was Holden's announcement made?
When will Ford's plants in Broadmeadows and Geelong close?
What is the name of the major car brand in Victoria?
How tall are the snow-covered Victorian alpine areas?
What is the highest peak in Victoria?
How tall is Mount Bogong?
What type of system is the Murray River?
What is the state bird?
What are the coldest part of Victoria?
What mountain system are the Alps part of?
What direction do the Alps extend through the centre of Victoria?
What is the average temperature in the highest parts of the Alps?
What is the state's lowest minimum temperature?
Who owns V/Line?
Who runs an extensive, electrified, passenger system throughout Melbourne and suburbs?
Who owns V/Line?
What type of service does CFCL operate?
What type of train system does Metro Trains Melbourne operate?
How many seats does Victoria have in the Australian House of Representatives?
How many seats does Victoria have in the Australian Senate?
What is the lower house of Victoria's parliament?
What is the upper house of Victoria's parliament?
Who is the Governor of Victoria?
When were writs issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council?
In what year was the first Legislative Council elected?
What was one of the largest rushes the world has ever seen?
How much did the population of Victoria increase in 10 years?
How much gold did Victoria produce in the decade 1851-1860?
How many public schools were in Victoria as of August 2010?
How many Catholic schools were in Victoria as of August 2010?
How many students were enrolled in public schools as of August 2010?
How many full-time teachers are in Victoria?
What percentage of private students attend Catholic schools?
Which state is the centre of dairy farming in Australia?
How many dairy cattle are in Victoria?
How much of Australia's dairy cattle are in Victoria?
How much of Australia's milk is produced in Victoria?
Where is most abalone and rock lobster exported?
What is the broad gauge used on Victorian lines?
What is the standard gauge for interstate trunk routes?
How large are the narrow gauge lines used by two tourist railways?
Where were the five formerly government-owned lines built?
How many formerly government-owned lines were built in mountainous areas?
When was the colony of New South Wales founded?
What colony was founded in 1788?
What was the western half of Australia called?
Where was the colonial government located?
In what year was the Eureka Stockade?
Who crushed the Eureka Stockade?
What was the name of the rebellion?
What did the colonial authorities reduce?
What act was passed in 1855?
How many seats does the Premier of Victoria have in the Legislative Assembly?
What is the name of the leader of the political party or coalition with the most seats in the Legislative Assembly?
What does the cabinet consist of?
Who is the current Premier of Victoria?
How are representatives elected to the cabinet?
What was the gross value of Victorian agricultural production in 2003-2004?
How much did the gross value of Victorian agricultural production increase in 2003-2004?
How many farms were in Victorian land as of 2004?
How many square kilometers of Victorian land did the 32,463 farmsoccupy in 2004?
How much of the state's total land surface are farms?
What do major events play a big part in in Victoria?
What type of tourism plays a big part in Victoria?
Where are most of the major events in Victoria?
Where do some of the major events in Victoria take place?
What is the name of the surf festival in Bells Beach?
Where were the Huguenots mainly concentrated?
How many French Catholics were there in 1562?
When were the Wars of Religion fought?
What granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy?
What did the Edict of Nantes do?
What was the original use of the term Huguenot?
Where was John Calvin's adopted home?
Who was the Swiss politician who died in 1532?
What was the plot in 1560 called?
When was the Amboise plot?
What was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France?
When was a French version of the Scriptures prepared by Guyard de Moulin?
Who prepared a French version of the Scriptures around 1294?
When was a two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase version of the Bible printed?
Where was a two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase version of the Bible printed in 1487?
What did the Edict of 1598 grant to the Huguenots?
Which city was among the most important of the 66 "villes de sûreté" that the Edict of 1598 granted to the Huguenots?
When was Protestant rule dead?
When was the siege by the royal army?
When was the Edict of Alès?
Where did individual Huguenots settle?
Where did Maria de la Queillerie settle?
Who was the first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope?
Where did the first group of Huguenots set sail from the Netherlands to?
When did some of the Huguenots arrive at the Cape of Good Hope?
When did the Huguenots sail to North America?
Who led the Huguenots?
What was the name of the French church in New Amsterdam?
What is the name of the Huguenot parish in New Amsterdam?
In what neighborhood did the Huguenots live?
Where did several Huguenot families of Norman and Carolingian nobility and descent immigrate to?
Who did the Huguenots purchase the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations from?
Where was Elie Prioleau from?
When did the Huguenots petition the British Crown for the right to own land in the Baronies?
Where did many Huguenots settle in the early years?
Who emerged as the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV?
Who was William III of Orange?
What coalition did William form to oppose Louis and the French state?
What country did the Huguenots consider the most attractive for exile?
When did the French attack the Dutch Republic?
What abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism in France?
When was the Edict of Fontainebleau issued?
Who progressively increased persecution of the Huguenots until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau?
How many Huguenots had fled France by the early 18th century?
Who opposed the Huguenots?
What was the height of the persecution of the Huguenots?
How many people were killed on St. Bartholomew's Day?
What did the Huguenots have to retaliate against the French Catholics?
Why did the Huguenots have their own militia?
When did the Huguenot rebellions occur?
In what part of France did the Huguenot rebellions take place?
Whose death led to the Huguenot uprising?
Which successor became more intolerant of Protestantism?
What were the three small civil wars called?
How many Protestants are in modern France?
How much of France's population is Protestant?
Where are most Protestants in France?
What is the name of the mountain region in the south?
Where is the Huguenot Society of Australia located?
What was the name of the town that the Huguenots formed?
Where is the "Huguenot Street Historic District" located?
What has been designated a National Historic Landmark site?
What does the "Huguenot Street Historic District" contain?
Where did a small group of Huguenots settle on the south shore of New York Harbor?
Who received the largest group of Huguenot refugees after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes?
How many people did the Dutch Republic receive after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes?
How many people were in the Dutch Republic at the time of the influx?
What were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants?
After what event did the Dutch Republic receive the largest group of Huguenot refugees?
Where did the pretendus réformés gather at night?
Which gate of King Hugo was haunted by the ghost of le roi Huguet?
Who was believed to have haunted Huguon?
What was the name of the group that regularly gathered at night in Tours?
At what time did spirits come back to harm the living?
Where were the Walloons and Huguenots found?
What house was the site of a weaving school from the late 16th century to about 1830?
What was the condition of the refugees' initial acceptance in the City?
Where did the Huguenots and Walloons settle?
What has The Weavers been adapted as?
In what city is French Church Street located?
Where did a number of Huguenots serve as mayors in the 17th and 18th centuries?
In what city was D'Olier Street named after a High Sheriff?
Who is D'Olier Street named after?
When was the French church in Portarlington built?
What did the exodus of Huguenots from France create?
Where did the French crown refuse to allow non-Catholics to settle?
Who did the French crown refuse to allow to settle in New France?
What war was the North American front of?
When did the British defeat New France?
Who succeeded Henry IV to the French throne?
In what year did Henry of Navarre issue the Edict of Nantes?
What did the Edict of Nantes do to Protestants?
What did the Edict of Nantes discourage?
What religion did Henry recante in favor of Roman Catholicism?
What did the revocation require?
What did the revocation of the revocation do?
How many Huguenots emigrated to the North American colonies?
What were the Huguenots called when they stayed in France?
Along with Britain, where did many of the Protestants go?
Where did the first Huguenots seek freedom from persecution?
In what year did the French colonisers arrive in Brazil?
What did the French colonisers find in Brazil in 1555?
In what year was Fort Coligny destroyed?
What was the first Protestant confession of faith in the Americas?
What language are most families in South Africa?
What industry in South Africa owes a significant debt to the Huguenots?
In what province of South Africa do many farms still bear French names?
What do many families have that indicate their French Huguenot ancestry?
Who was descended from Huguenot refugees?
Who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina?
Where is the last active Huguenot congregation in North America?
What is the name of the church that the Huguenot Society of America maintains?
What state has the largest Huguenot Society of America chapter?
Bedfordshire was one of the main centres of what industry at the time?
What style of lace demonstrates a Huguenot influence?
What is the only reference to immigrant lacemakers in the 19th century?
When did Mechlin lace develop?
What two new neighbourhoods were created by the Huguenots?
By 1700, how much of the city's population was French speaking?
Why did the Huguenots switch to German?
When did the Huguenots switch to German?
What are some of the congregations founded by the Huguenots?
Where did the Calvinist Great Elector Frederick William welcome the Huguenots?
What region of France did the Huguenots remain in large numbers in?
What group rioted against the Catholic Church in the Cévennes region?
What did the Camisards riot against?
When were the Camisards hunted down?
In what city is Fort Caroline located?
Who was the leader of the Norman Huguenots?
What was the name of the colony established by the Norman Huguenots in 1564?
Who attacked the French colony at St. Augustine?
In what year did the French attack the Spanish colony at St. Augustine?
What outpost was founded on Parris Island, South Carolina?
Where was the outpost of Charlesfort located?
Who established the settlement of St. Augustine?
When did Jean Ribault lead an expedition that explored Florida and the present-day Southeastern U.S.?
What prevented a return voyage?
Where did the French Huguenots migrate to?
Where did the English Crown promise land grants to the French Huguenots?
What was the abandoned Monacan village known as?
How many original settlers were there?
When did the Virginia General Assembly pass an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown?
When was the Dutch Revolt?
What country did the Huguenots fight against?
What was the name of William the Silent's condemnation of the Spanish Inquisition?
Who was the leader of the Dutch revolt against Spanish rule?
What was William the Silent's religion?
Before and after the passage of what act did 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots flee to England?
When was the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act passed?
How many Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England before and after the passage of the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act?
Who was a leading Huguenot theologian and writer?
Andrew Lortie was known for articulating their criticism of the Pope and what doctrine during Mass?
In what war did the Huguenot regiments fight for William of Orange?
Who did the Huguenot regiments fight for?
Where were significant Huguenot settlements?
Killeshandra in County Cavan contributed to the expansion of what?
What industry did the small Huguenot settlements contribute to the growth of?
Who arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken to establish a Huguenot community?
Who supported mercantilism and welcomed technically skilled immigrants into his lands?
What type of works did the Condés establish?
When did some members of the Huguenot community emigrate to the United States?
In what year did Prince Louis de Condé arrange to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland?
Where did the majority of Huguenot émigrés relocate to?
Where did the majority of Huguenot émigrés relocate to?
Where were the Huguenots allowed to worship freely?
Where did the Huguenots spread beyond Europe?
What did the Huguenots do in the English colonies of North America?
Who was the king of France before the Reformation?
What argues that the name huguenote was derived by association with Hugues Capet?
Who suggests that the name huguenote would be roughly equivalent to little Hugos?
What would the name huguenote be roughly equivalent to?
What do some disagree with about the name huguenote?
Who was a professor at the University of Paris?
Where was Lefevre a professor during the Protestant Reformation?
When did Lefevre publish the whole Bible in the French language?
Who was a student of Lefevre?
Who converted to Protestantism?
When was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
Who killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris?
How many Protestants were killed in Toulouse?
When was an amnesty granted?
How many Protestants were killed by 17 September?
Who gained the throne in 1643?
What did Louis XIV do to force the Huguenots to convert?
What did Louis XIV do first to force the Huguenots to convert to Catholicism?
What did Louis XIV do to Huguenot schools?
What did Louis XIV institute to forcibly convert the Huguenots?
What county is New Rochelle located in?
What is the name of the peninsula of Davenports Neck?
Who did the Huguenots purchase land from?
What was the former stronghold of the Huguenots in France?
What is the name of the third church built by the Huguenots?
What did most of the Huguenot congregations eventually become?
What led to the assimilation of the Huguenots?
Who established the Eleutherian gunpowder mills?
When did the descendants of the Huguenots continue to use French first names and surnames for their children?
What did E.I. du Pont establish?
Who was one of the most prominent Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands?
Where did Pierre Bayle start teaching?
What was the name of Pierre Bayle's multi-volume masterpiece?
Where did Pierre Bayle's work become a foundational text?
Who is the patron of the Huguenots?
What was established by Royal Charter in 1550?
When was the French Protestant Church of London established?
Where is the French Protestant Church of London located?
Where did the Huguenot refugees flock to?
When was the Black Eagle Brewery founded?
Where did the Huguenot refugees find a safe haven?
Where did the Huguenot refugees find a safe haven?
What was the name given to the special privileges of the Huguenots in Brandenburg-Prussia?
Who was Frederick William?
How many regiments did the Huguenots furnish to Frederick William's army?
Who was the Elector of Brandenburg?
Which poet was a descendant of a Huguenot family?
Who was the Luftwaffe general and fighter ace?
Who was the last Prime Minister of the East German Democratic Republic?
What position did Thomas de Maizière hold?
What non-combustion heat source can be used?
What is the ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process?
What does water transform into during the Rankine cycle?
What pressure does the Rankine cycle operate at?
What type of engines are steam engines?
What was the first commercially successful true engine?
Who invented the atmospheric engine?
When was the atmospheric engine invented?
What was Savery's predecessor?
Who proposed a piston for the atmospheric engine?
Where was the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive built?
When did the world's first railway journey take place?
Where did Trevithick's steam locomotive take the train from Pen-y-darren ironworks to?
Where was Abercynon?
In what part of Wales was Abercynon located?
What does the Rankine cycle and most practical steam engines have to recycle or top up the boiler water?
What type of pumps do utility and industrial boilers commonly use?
When did injectors become popular?
Injectors are no longer widely used except in what application?
What is an injector used for?
How many expansion stages do multiple expansion engines use?
What is another name for multiple expansion engines?
In what century was the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing system used?
What type of engine used the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing system?
What class of passenger liners used the 4-cylinder triple-expansion engine?
Which valve gears had separate admission and exhaust valves driven by trip mechanisms or cams profiled so as to give ideal events?
Along with Stephenson, Walschaerts, and Walschaerts, what motions were used?
What was the usual compromise solution to provide lap?
What may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox?
What happens to lead fusible plugs when water level drops?
What happens to the lead fusible plugs if the water level drops?
What do operators do when the water level drops?
What does the steam escape have little effect on?
Who patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion?
What type of motion did Watt's steam engine produce?
How many horsepower did James Watt's steam engine produce?
By what year had engines that could provide 10,000 hp become feasible?
What was the stationary steam engine a key component of?
In what century did the history of the steam engine begin?
Who described the aeolipile?
What nationality was Hero of Alexandria?
Who described a rudimentary steam turbine device in 1629?
When did Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont receive patents?
What type of engines came into widespread use at the end of the 19th century?
What were the stages of combustion called?
Where was efficiency important to reduce the weight of coal carried?
What replaced reciprocating steam engines in the 20th century?
What was carried in shipping?
What was the final major evolution of the steam engine design?
When did steam turbines begin to be used?
What is the maximum horsepower of a reciprocating piston type steam engine?
What percentage of electric power is produced by steam turbines in the United States?
What type of generating stations did steam turbines replace reciprocating engines in the 20th century?
What is the most common source of heat?
What is another name for firebox?
What type of energy is used as a heat source?
What type of heating element is used in model or toy steam engines?
What is the most useful instrument for analyzing the performance of steam engines?
When were early versions of the steam engine indicator in use?
Who was the inventor of the steam engine indicator?
Who developed the most successful indicator for Charles Porter?
Where was the steam engine indicator exhibited in 1862?
How far out of phase are the pistons in a two-cylinder compound?
At what angle are the individual pistons in a 4-cylinder compound balanced?
How far out of phase are the pistons in a two-cylinder compound?
What is it called when the steam reverses its direction of flow at each stroke?
How many piston strokes does the complete engine cycleoccupy?
How many rotations of the crank does the complete engine cycleoccupy?
How many events are in a reciprocating piston engine cycle?
What is one of the four events in the reciprocating piston engine cycle?
What is the name of the uniflow rotary steam engine?
What is the usual cycle of uniflow engines?
What part of the piston is uncovered by the piston at the end of each stroke?
What type of steam engine does not require valves to direct steam into and out of the cylinder?
What is another name for pivot mounting?
What type of toys are oscillating cylinder steam engines used for?
Where is the compactness of an oscillating cylinder steam engine valued?
How is the working fluid in a Rankine cycle recycled?
What type of system is a Rankine cycle?
What is the working fluid in a mercury vapor turbine?
What is the fluid of choice in a Rankine cycle?
The efficiency of a Rankine cycle is usually limited by what?
What is the creep limit of stainless steel in steam turbines?
What is the creep limit of a steam turbine?
What is the theoretical Carnot efficiency?
What is the condenser temperature in steam turbines?
What was the moving force behind the Industrial Revolution?
Along with railway locomotives, ships and road vehicles, what type of boat was used in the Industrial Revolution?
What was the name of the steam-powered automobile?
What is one example of a place where steam engines were used?
What did the use of steam engines in agriculture lead to?
What was Trevithick's final locomotive?
Who built the twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca?
What type of locomotive was the Salamanca?
What railway used the Salamanca locomotive?
For which railways was the Locomotion built?
Who invented a method to lessen the magnitude of cylinder heating and cooling?
What nationality was Arthur Woolf?
What can be reduced by staging the expansion in multiple cylinders?
To derive equal work from lower-pressure steam requires a larger what?
How much of the world's electricity production was made up of steam turbines in the 19th century?
What type of engines are more efficient and require less maintenance than steam turbines?
What has almost entirely supplanted steam propulsion for marine applications?
What is the main use for electricity generation?
What has the recent widespread application of large gas turbine units and typical combined cycle power plants resulted in?
What is the fundamental thermodynamic underpinning of the steam engine?
How is the waste heat removed from the Rankine cycle?
In what decade did the Rankine cycle generate 90% of all electric power used throughout the world?
In addition to solar, coal and nuclear power plants, what other type of power is generated by the Rankine cycle?
What nationality was William John Macquorn Rankine?
What is the historical measure of a steam engine's energy efficiency?
What was the average duty of Watt's low-pressure designs?
How many foot-pounds of work were delivered by burning one bushel of coal?
How many pounds of coal did a bushel of coal burn?
Who first introduced the concept of duty?
What type of engines are used in power generation?
What type of steam engines remained the dominant source of power until the early 20th century?
What type of steam engines are used in the great majority of worldwide electric generation?
What type of engine replaced reciprocating piston steam engines in the 20th century?
Who developed the first steam-powered water pump?
What was the first steam-powered device?
When was the first commercial steam-powered device developed?
Who introduced an ingenious improvement of Savery's construction to render it capable of working itself?
Who was the author of the Philosophical Transactions published in 1751?
Who obtained his patent in 1802?
Along with Richard Trevithick, who introduced engines using high-pressure steam in 1801?
When did Trevithick obtain his patent?
What type of applications could high-pressure engines be made small enough for?
What did the high-pressure engine have more of than previous engines?
What company in Sweden has made progress in harnessing the power of steam?
Where is Energiprojekt AB located?
How many cylinders does Energiprojekt's steam engine have?
How many pounds of steam does Energiprojekt's engine consume per kWh?
What percentage of efficiency does Energiprojekt's steam engine reach on high-pressure engines?
What do steam turbines use as a cold sink?
What is a dry type cooling tower similar to?
Where is a dry type cooling tower used?
What is another term for evaporative cooling towers?
How many cubic meters of water does a 700 megawatt coal-fired power plant use every hour for evaporative cooling?
What was adopted by James Watt for use on a steam engine in 1788?
Who was James Watt's partner?
Where did Watt's partner Boulton see a centrifugal governor?
What is an example of an operation that requires constant speed?
What was the centrifugal governor not able to do?
After what year was compounding almost universal for marine engines?
compounding was not universally popular in what type of locomotives?
What was compounding often perceived as in railway locomotives?
When was compounding first used in Britain?
What type of engines used compounding?
What does a reversing mechanism do to gain speed and momentum?
What is the term for excessive compression?
What can the exhaust steam do if the exhaust event is too short?
What length do the simplest valve gears give events of during the engine cycle?
Who obtained the first patent for a steam engine in 1606?
What nationality was de Ayanz y Beaumont?
When did Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont obtain the first patent for a steam engine?
When did Thomas Savery patent a steam pump?
When was Thomas Newcomen's atmospheric engine used for pumping in a mine?
What are rotors?
What are the rotating discs mounted on?
What are stators?
What are the stators fixed to?
What is the typical speed of a steam turbine?
How does the weight of boilers and condensers affect the power-to-weight ratio of a steam plant?
What is another name for internal combustion engines?
What type of plant generates most electric power?
What is the movement known as?
Recent concerns about fuel sources and what have incited a renewed interest in steam?
What is an example of a pistonless rotary engine?
What does the Wankel engine replace in place of a conventional reciprocating steam engine?
What is a major problem with steam-tight rotors?
When did James Watt develop an improved version of Newcomen's engine?
What was added to Newcomen's engine?
How much coal did Boulton and Watt's early engines use?
James Watt developed an improved version of what engine?
What did air pressure push into the partial vacuum generated by condensing steam?
How many independent mechanisms do steam engines have?
What type of valve was traditionally used to restrain steam pressure?
What type of valve is used in a more recent type of safety valve?
What illegally breaks a spring-loaded valve?
What did a driver do to allow greater steam pressure and more power from the engine?
What was the acme of the horizontal engine?
When was the Corliss steam engine patented?
How much less steam did the Corliss steam engine use?
How many valves did the Corliss steam engine have?
What medal did the committee give Corliss?
What theory did the steam engine contribute to?
Who discovered latent heat?
What did the measurements made by Watt on a model steam engine lead to the development of?
Who confirmed Watt's discovery of latent heat?
What did Watt independently discover?
What is one of the main advantages of the Rankine cycle?
What phase is the working fluid in at this point?
How much of the turbine power is consumed by the pump by condensing the fluid?
What is the turbine entry temperature of gas turbines?
What pump supplies water to the boiler during operation?
What do condensers do?
What raises the temperature of steam above its saturated vapour point?
What is another name for a supply bin?
What mechanism is used to move fuel from a supply bin to the firebox?
What was usually readily available for land-based steam engines?
Who invented the invention steam turbine?
What is an example of a warship with a steam turbine?
Along with warships, what type of vessels used the steam turbine?
When was the HMS Dreadnought built?
What do nuclear power plants heat to produce electricity?
What type of locomotive was not ideally suited to the railroad environment?
What is the turbine connected to?
What type of transmission do nuclear-powered ships and submarines use?
In what country did non-condensing direct-drive locomotives meet with success for express passenger work?
What is the Rankine cycle sometimes referred to as?
Where does heat addition and rejection occur?
What does isobaric mean?
What is the term for constant temperature processes in the theoretical Carnot cycle?
What is the working fluid received from the condenser in the Carnot cycle?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
Along with hydrogen, what other element is the most abundant in the universe?
How many atoms of oxygen bind to form dioxygen?
How much of the Earth's crust's mass is oxygen?
What gas constitutes 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere?
How much of the Earth's atmosphere is diatomic oxygen gas?
What is the third most abundant element in the universe?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
What is the cause of fossil-fuel burning?
How abundant is oxygen in the universe?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
What group on the periodic table is oxygen a member of?
What type of compounds does oxygen form with most elements?
Where does oxygen rank among the most abundant elements in the universe?
What is a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O 2?
What uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water?
What energy does photosynthesis use to produce oxygen from water?
What protects the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation?
What does most of the mass of living organisms contain?
What is the major constituent of lifeforms?
What uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water?
What is the major constituent of lifeforms?
What is an allotrope of oxygen?
Who proved that air is necessary for combustion?
Which English chemist refined Robert Boyle's work by showing that fire requires only a part of air?
What did John Mayow call spiritus?
When did John Mayow die?
Who proved that air is necessary for combustion?
What did John Mayow call spiritus?
When did Robert Boyle prove that air is necessary for combustion?
What is nitroaereus consumed in?
Which English chemist refined Robert Boyle's work by showing that fire requires only a part of air?
Who conducted an experiment on mercuric oxide?
What was Joseph Priestley's profession?
What is mercuric oxide?
What did Joseph Priestley focus sunlight on?
What does HgO stand for?
What did Joseph Priestley call the gas liberated by the experiment?
When did Priestley publish his findings?
Why was Priestley given priority in discovery?
What did Joseph Priestley find about a mouse?
Who built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion and respiration?
Who conducted one of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air?
When did Philo of Byzantium conduct one of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air?
How did Philo believe that parts of the air in a vessel were converted into the classical element fire?
Who conducted one of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air?
What element did Philo believe parts of the air in a vessel were converted into?
What was the name of Philo's work?
Who built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion and respiration?
What is consumed during combustion and respiration?
What is needed to trigger combustion?
What is the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion?
Peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates are examples of what?
What is the oxidant?
What is needed to trigger combustion?
What is oxygen the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion?
What do highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote?
Oxygen is the source of most of what released in combustion?
Peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates are examples of what?
What type of pressure caused the fire that killed the Apollo 1 crew?
What will act as a fuel?
How much normal pressure would be used in a mission?
What does the design and manufacture of O 2 systems require to ensure that ignition sources are minimized?
What will concentrate O 2 allow to proceed rapidly and energetically?
What is used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen?
What does the design and manufacture of O 2 systems require to ensure that ignition sources are minimized?
Who was killed in a launch pad test?
What is the Earth's crustal rock composed of?
What does CO 2 stand for?
What part of the Earth is composed of silicates of magnesium and iron?
What does CO 2 stand for?
What is composed in large part of oxides of silicon?
What is largely composed of silicates of magnesium and iron?
What part of the Earth is composed of silicates of magnesium and iron?
What is the crust of the Earth made of?
John Dalton's original atomic hypothesis assumed that all elements were what?
What kind of atomic ratios would atoms in compounds normally have?
What was water's formula?
What is the atomic mass of oxygen 8 times that of?
What law was used to arrive at the correct interpretation of water's composition?
What did rusting metals lose when they were rusting?
What type of substances that corrode were thought to contain very little phlogiston?
What did not play a role in phlogiston theory?
What metals gained weight in rusting?
What happens when something burns?
What is the bond that results from the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms?
How many atomic 2p orbitals lie along the O-O molecular axis?
What is another name for low-to-high energy?
How are the two oxygen atoms bonded to each other?
The covalent double bond results from the filling of what?
In what year was oxygen discovered?
When was Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire?
Why is Priestley given priority?
Who coined the name oxygen?
What theory of combustion and corrosion did Antoine Lavoisier's experiments discredit?
What is an electron configuration with two unpaired electrons called?
What is the ground state of the O 2 molecule referred to as?
What type of electrons are found in dioxygen?
What type of combustion does triplet oxygen prevent?
What weakens the bond order from three to two?
What was rushed in when Lavoisier opened the container?
What did Lavoisier observe no increase in when tin and air were heated in a closed container?
What did Lavoisier observe no increase in when tin and air were heated in a closed container?
When was Lavoisier's book published?
What gas did Lavoisier's work not support?
What is trioxygen known as?
What type of oxygen is ozone?
What is ozone damaging to?
What does the ozone layer of the upper atmosphere function as for the planet?
What is another term for ultraviolet radiation?
What is the common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth called?
What has a bond length of 121 pm and a bond energy of 498 kJmol1?
What part of the Earth's atmosphere is dioxygen, O 2?
Why is O2 used by complex forms of life?
What is O2 used by complex forms of life, such as animals, in?
What Scottish chemist was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study?
In what year was liquid oxygen able to be studied?
When was the first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen developed?
What welding method was demonstrated for the first time by burning a mixture of acetylene and compressed O 2?
What is more soluble in water than nitrogen?
What determines the solubility of oxygen in water?
How many milliliters of oxygen does freshwater contain per liter?
What type of water contains 4.95 mL of oxygen per liter?
How much oxygen dissolves at 0 °C?
What is the most abundant chemical element by mass in the Earth's biosphere?
Where does oxygen rank as the most abundant chemical element in the universe?
How much of the Sun's mass is oxygen?
What is oxygen the major component of?
How is the O 2 surrounding other planets produced?
When did scientists realize that air could be liquefied?
How could air be liquefied and its components isolated?
Who discovered liquid oxygen?
How much liquid was produced in Cailletet's method?
When was oxygen liquefied in stable state for the first time?
What planet has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than the Earth?
What does the Sun have a higher proportion of than the Earth?
What crashed spacecraft returned a silicon wafer to the sun?
What process depleted oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk of protoplanetary material before the coalescence of dust grains that formed the Earth?
What planet has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than the Sun?
What is the name given to several higher-energy species of molecular O 2 in which all the electron spins are paired?
Singlet oxygen is more reactive towards what?
When is singlet oxygen formed from water?
How is singlet oxygen produced in the troposphere?
What plays a major role in absorbing energy from singlet oxygen and converting it to the unexcited ground state?
Who measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms?
What do paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms to determine?
How much heavier oxygen-18 is in seawater?
What is the lighter isotope of seawater?
When does snow and rain from evaporated water tend to be higher in oxygen-16?
What are the wavelengths of Oxygen's absorption bands?
What has been proposed as a possible method of monitoring from satellites on a global scale?
Where can remote sensing scientists measure the radiance coming from vegetation canopies?
On what scale has the carbon cycle been proposed as a possible method of monitoring the carbon cycle from satellites?
What type of scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies to characterize plant health status from a satellite platform?
What are O 2 molecules in the triplet form?
What is attracted to a magnet to a sufficient extent that, in laboratory demonstrations, a bridge of liquid oxygen may be supported against its own weight between the poles of a powerful magnet?
What are the spin magnetic moments of in the molecule?
What does O 2 molecules impart magnetic character to oxygen when it is in the presence of?
A bridge of liquid oxygen can be supported against its own weight between the poles of what?
What are superoxide ion and hydrogen peroxide?
What is the purpose of peroxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen?
Reactive oxygen species play an important role in the hypersensitive response of plants against what?
Oxygen is toxic to what type of organisms?
How long ago did O 2 begin to accumulate in the atmosphere?
At what temperature does oxygen condense?
What color are liquid and solid O 2?
What is used to obtain high-purity liquid O 2?
What is a coolant used to produce liquid oxygen?
What must liquid nitrogen be segregated from?
Where does free oxygen occur in solution?
At what temperatures does the increased solubility of O 2 have important implications for ocean life?
Why do polar oceans support a much higher density of life?
What may water polluted with nitrates or phosphates stimulate growth of?
What is the amount of O 2 needed to restore water to a normal concentration called?
When did photosynthetic archaea and bacteria evolve?
During what eon did free oxygen first appear in significant quantities?
What did free oxygen and dissolved iron form in the oceans for the first billion years?
When did free oxygen reach 10% of its present level?
When did free oxygen begin to outgas from the oceans?
The unusually high concentration of oxygen gas on Earth is the result of what?
What type of cycle describes the movement of oxygen within and between its three main reservoirs on Earth?
How many reservoirs are there on Earth?
What is the main driving factor of the oxygen cycle?
What is the main driving factor of the oxygen cycle?
What is the other major method of producing O 2 gas?
What percentage of O 2 gas does the zeolite molecular sieves deliver?
What is released from the other nitrogen-saturated zeolite bed?
What type of technologies are used to obtain oxygen gas?
What is the other method of producing O 2 gas?
What is electrolysis of?
What are the molecular formulae of hydrogen and oxygen?
What type of electricity must be used?
What is the electrocatalytic O 2 evolution from?
What type of catalysts can be used on submarines?
What type of use has oxygen had?
What is oxygen supposed to be?
What do professional athletes wear oxygen masks to get a boost in?
What is a more likely explanation for the pharmacological effect?
During what type of exercise are enriched O 2 mixtures breathed?
What type of medicine uses special oxygen chambers to increase the partial pressure of O 2 around the patient?
What does increased O 2 concentration in the lungs help displace from the heme group of hemoglobin?
Who causes gas gangrene?
What occurs in divers who decompress too quickly after a dive?
What is used to treat emphysema?
What part of the body does oxygen therapy ease work load on?
What is used in medicine to increase oxygen levels in the patient's blood?
Uptake of O 2 from the air is the essential purpose of what?
What does a disease impair the body's ability to take up and use?
Why does oxygen form chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give corresponding oxides?
What does oxygen form chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give?
What mineral is written as Fe 1  xO?
What does oxygen form chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give?
What does the oxide on the surface of metal slow?
What is an example of an emergency in apressurized airplanes?
What type of oxygen generators do sudden cabin pressure loss activate?
What reaction produces a steady stream of oxygen gas?
What is produced by the exothermic reaction?
High pressure oxygen tanks, cryogenics and chemical compounds are examples of what method?
What type of tankers are used to transport oxygen in bulk?
What type of oxygen is transported in bulk in specially insulated tankers?
What type of gas is used in oxy-fuel welding and cutting?
Where do bulk liquid oxygen storage containers stand?
What are acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, furan, THF, dioxane, ethyl acetate, DMF, DMSO, acetic acid, and formic acid?
What are the most important classes of compounds that contain oxygen?
What are acetone and phenol used for in the synthesis of many different substances?
What are ethers in which the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms?
What are the most important classes of organic compounds that contain oxygen?
Where is oxygen found?
How many common complex biomolecules contain no oxygen?
What organic compound contains the largest proportion of oxygen?
Along with fats, fatty acids, amino acids, and what else, all contain oxygen?
Calcium phosphate and hydroxylapatite are examples of what?
What is the most feared effect for divers?
Prolonged breathing of an air mixture with an O 2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to what?
What is the O 2 partial pressure greater than?
What is the most feared effect for divers?
What is the most feared effect for divers?
Why does Breathing pure O 2 cause no damage?
What is the O 2 partial pressure in the breathing gas in spacesuits?
How many times normal is the O 2 partial pressure in the breathing gas in a spacesuit?
How much damage does breathing pure O 2 cause?
How much more is the O 2 partial pressure in the astronaut's arterial blood than sea-level O 2 partial pressure?
When can oxygen gas be toxic?
How many kilopascals does kPa mean?
What percentage of O 2 is present in gas supplied through oxygen masks in medical applications?
What type of ventilators are most likely to have a problem with oxygen toxicity?
What percentage of O 2 does gas supplied through oxygen masks typically consist of?
When did the 1973 oil crisis begin?
What was the price of oil by March 1974?
What year was the second oil shock?
What was the 1973 oil crisis called?
Who proclaimed an oil embargo?
Why did some European nations and Japan seek to disassociate themselves from US foreign policy in the Middle East?
What did the Nixon administration arrange for Israel to do?
When did Henry Kissinger negotiate an Israeli troop withdrawal from parts of the Sinai Peninsula?
When did Arab oil producers lift the embargo?
When did the US pull out of the Bretton Woods Accord?
How was the value of the dollar left?
What did the industrialized nations do to prevent currency values from fluctuating?
When did OPEC issue a joint communiqué?
Why did oil producers' real income decrease?
How much had the dollar price of oil risen from 1947 to 1967?
When was OPEC slow to readjust prices to reflect the depreciation?
During what years did OPEC's price increases return their prices and incomes to Bretton Woods levels?
How long had the price of oil remained stable versus other currencies and commodities?
When did Syria and Egypt launch a surprise attack on Israel?
Who was the world's second largest oil exporter?
How much more did the Shah of Iran say he should pay for oil from now on?
Who was the world's second largest oil exporter?
What released the underlying economic pressure on oil prices?
Why did OPEC raise the price of oil by 70%?
When did OPEC raise the price of oil?
How long did the cut in production last?
How much money did Nixon request in emergency aid to Israel?
Why did OPEC raise the price of oil by 70%?
How much money did Saudi Arabia spend on Wahhabism?
Who did the al-Haramain Foundation distribute funds to?
Where were political tensions exacerbated by arms purchases?
What was the reason for the lower prices of oil and commodities in the Middle East?
What is the fundamentalist interpretation of Islam called?
What has been held responsible for recessions, periods of excessive inflation, reduced productivity, and lower economic growth?
The Middle East could become another superpower confrontation with what country?
In what year did a negotiated settlement exist between the US and the USSR?
Interest groups and government agencies were no match for who's dominance?
What had a negative influence on the US economy?
What is an example of an industry that was affected by the embargo?
What were inflationary and deflationary impacts of the embargo?
What rugged terrain did the embargo leave oil companies searching for new ways to increase oil supplies?
How long did it take to find oil and develop new fields?
Which country faced a complete embargo?
Who did the UK and France refuse to allow to use their airfields?
Which country was an ally of Israel during the Six-Day War?
The UK had traditionally been an ally of what country?
Who was Harold Wilson's successor?
Which country faced an oil crisis of its own?
What was a major factor in the change of government?
During what time period did coal miners and railroad workers strike?
Along with the UK, Italy, Switzerland and Norway, what country banned flying, driving and boating on Sundays?
Which country rationed gasoline and heating oil?
What exacerbated the crisis in the US?
Why did price controls allow new oil to be sold at a higher price?
What exacerbated the crisis in the US?
How was scarcity addressed?
Who was the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office?
When did Nixon name William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office?
What was the purpose of the Federal Energy Office?
When did the American Automobile Association report that 20% of American gasoline stations had no fuel?
What was the national maximum speed limit in 1974?
What act imposed a national maximum speed limit of 55 mph in 1974?
Who signed the National Highway Designation Act?
When was the National Highway Designation Act signed?
When was the Cabinet-level Department of Energy created?
What led to greater interest in renewable energy, nuclear power and domestic fossil fuels?
What do the quick fixes and single-shot solutions ignore?
Who has repeatedly backed policies that promise solutions that are politically expedient but whose prospects are doubtful?
Who was distraught by the rise in oil prices and challenged by under-developed countries?
Who ordered a British intelligence estimate of the U.S.'s intentions?
How long did intelligence say the U.S. occupation would need to last?
Who did the Soviets fear would be alienated from the US?
What was the country most dependent on Arab oil?
How much of Japan's oil came from the Middle East in 1970?
What was Japan's production cut in December of 1973?
When did Japan issue a statement saying Israel should withdraw from all of the 1967 territories?
When was Japan considered an Arab-friendly state?
What was the only sign of insecurity in Afghanistan?
Who became increasingly dependent on American security assurances to manage both external and internal threats?
Which country's arms purchases from the US exceeded five times Israel's?
When did the Shah fail to maintain control of Iran?
When did Wahhabi extremists seize the Grand Mosque in Mecca?
What did the crisis reduce the demand for?
What became mass-market leaders with unibody construction and front-wheel drive?
What engines were more fuel efficient than American cars?
What country imports the Datsun 510?
When did Honda, Toyota and Nissan open US assembly plants?
What was the name of the Toyota Cressida?
Along with air conditioning, AM-FM radios and central locking, what amenities were added to the Datsun 810?
Along with Acura and Infiniti, what luxury division was established after the 1973 oil crisis?
What was the name of the compact truck?
What was the Forte rebranded as after the oil crisis?
Who did Mazda, Mitsubishi and Isuzu have joint partnerships with?
What policy did the American makers end?
What forced General Motors, Ford and Chrysler to introduce smaller and fuel-efficient models for domestic sales?
How many passengers did the Ford Fiesta and Chevette have by the late 1970s?
In what year did the average American vehicle move 17.4 miles per gallon?
What are the names of the Mercury Marquis?
What was the only full-size model that did not recover?
By what year had virtually all "full-size" American cars shrunk?
In what year did Chrysler end production of full-size luxury sedans?
What compact was a prelude to the DOT "downsize" revision of vehicle categories?
In what year did OPEC's production surpass that of other countries?
In what decade did the world price of oil decrease to less than $10 per barrel?
What was Saudi Arabia trying to do?
What was the world price of oil during the 1979 energy crisis?
What was the name of the one-man spacecraft that put the first Americans in space?
Who carried out the Apollo program?
When was the first manned flight of Apollo?
Who was the president of the United States?
How many people were in Project Gemini?
When did Apollo run?
What was the name of the two-man program that supported Apollo?
Who did the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project work with?
What was the name of the space station that supported three manned missions in 1973-74?
When was the Apollo 1 cabin fire?
When did the Apollo 1 cabin fire kill the entire crew?
What forced the cancellation of three of the follow-on missions?
How many of the remaining six missions achieved successful lunar landings?
What prevented the Apollo 13 landing?
What was the first manned spacecraft to orbit another celestial body?
What mission marked the sixth Moon landing and the ninth manned mission beyond low Earth orbit?
How much lunar rocks and soil did the Apollo 17 mission return to Earth?
What areas of technology did the Apollo program spur?
How many astronauts could the Mercury capsule support on a limited Earth orbital mission?
How many astronauts did Apollo carry?
Who was the NASA manager who named the Apollo program after the Greek god of light, music, and the sun?
What type of missions were possible with the Apollo program?
When was the Apollo program conceived?
In what year was the Apollo program announced?
Who led the NASA's in-house spacecraft design studies?
How many study contracts were awarded to General Dynamics/Convair, General Electric, and the Glenn L. Martin Company?
Who was the NASA Deputy Administrator in 1960?
Who was elected president in 1960?
What country did John F. Kennedy promise superiority over?
Why was Kennedy put off by the manned Moon landing?
Who was NASA's Administrator in 1960?
What was the name of the gap between the Soviets and themselves?
Who was the first person to fly in space?
What country was the first to fly in space?
How long after Gagarin's flight did congressmen pledge their support for a crash program?
How did Kennedy respond to the news of Gagarin's flight?
When did Kennedy send a memo to Lyndon B. Johnson?
Who did Kennedy send a memo to on April 20?
How long after Kennedy's memo did Johnson respond to his request to look into the status of America's space program?
What did Johnson say about America's space program?
Who was the leader of the Space Task Group?
Where was the manned space program based?
Where was the Manned Spacecraft Center located?
Who donated land for the Manned Spacecraft Center?
Where was the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station located?
Where was the Launch Operations Center located?
Who was the first Director of the Launch Operations Center?
What position did Kurt H. Debus hold at the Launch Operations Center?
Whose death caused President Johnson to rename the LOC and Cape Canaveral?
How many launch pads were planned?
Gemini and what other spacecraft were initially received before being mated to their launch vehicles?
How high was the altitude of the Apollo spacecraft?
How large was the Vertical Assembly Building?
Who did Administrator Webb recruit for a high management job?
When did Webb announce Mueller's appointment as Deputy Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight?
Who was the previous Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight?
Who was the Deputy Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight?
What type of projects did Mueller have industry experience on?
Where did Mueller realize that some skilled managers could be found among high-ranking officers?
Who was the OMSF program controller?
How long did Phillips manage the Apollo program?
What position did Schriever want Phillips to be?
What did many engineers fear would be extremely difficult in lunar orbit?
When was direct ascent generally the mission mode in favor at NASA?
Who was the Associate Administrator of NASA in 1961?
Who was the head of the ad-hoc committee?
When did Seamans establish an ad-hoc committee?
What group began to support LOR in late 1961 and early 1962?
Who became a champion of LOR?
What does MSFC stand for?
Who was Kennedy's science advisor?
Who did Jerome Wiesner hire to chair his own "Space Vehicle Panel"?
Who reached internal agreement on the Saturn V launch vehicle and LOR?
When was the formal announcement made to the press?
Who made the disagreement public during a two-day visit by the President to Marshall Space Flight Center?
What did Wiesner blurt out in front of the press?
What does LEM stand for?
Who was selected as the LEM contractor in November 1962?
What was the advantage of the LOR method?
On what ship did an oxygen tank explosion occur?
What did the Lunar Module provide to get the crew home safely?
When did the MSC study conclude that the LM was finally dropped?
What shape was the command module in Maxime Faget's Apollo design?
What does CSM stand for?
How many men would the Lunar Excursion Module take to the lunar surface?
How many astronauts were in the Command Module?
What type of landing did the Command Module carry astronauts to?
What was the exterior of the Command Module covered with?
What was carried to slow the module's descent to splashdown?
How much did the Command Module weigh?
What supported the Command Module?
What was used for long-distance communications on the lunar flights?
What happened to the Service Module just before re-entry?
How much did the initial lunar flight version weigh?
What was carried on extended lunar missions?
Who won the contract to build the CSM?
How much thrust was the CSM's service propulsion engine required for translunar flight?
In what year did a program definition study conclude that the initial design should be continued as Block I?
What was the second stage of the launch vehicle for NASA?
How many astronauts did the Lunar Module land on the Moon?
Is the LM designed to fly through the Earth's atmosphere or return to Earth?
How much did the initial LM weigh?
How long was the surface stay of the Extended Lunar Module?
Who was the Director of the Marshall Space Flight Center?
From what organization was von Braun transferred to NASA?
When did the Saturn V replace the Nova?
What were the first stages of the Saturn I test carrying?
When were the five boilerplate CSMs launched into orbit?
What satellites were carried by the last three of the Apollo program?
How did the Pegasus satellites measure the safety of the translunar environment?
What was an upgraded version of the Saturn I?
How much thrust did the S-IVB-200 produce?
What stage of the Saturn V was a restartable version of the S-IVB used as?
How much force could the Saturn IB send into low Earth orbit?
What was the first stage of the S-IC?
How tall was the Saturn V?
How many stages did the Saturn V have?
What did the second and third stages of the Saturn V burn?
Who were the Apollo astronauts chosen from?
What were commanded by Gemini or Mercury veterans?
Who was the first NASA scientist astronaut to fly in space?
What was the last mission that Dr. Harrison Schmitt landed on the Moon?
When did Dr. Harrison Schmitt land on the Moon?
How many astronauts were awarded the Distinguished Service Medal?
What was the highest honor awarded to the 32 astronauts?
When were Grissom, White, and Chaffee awarded the Distinguished Service Medal?
Why were the astronauts awarded the Exceptional Service Medal?
What was the first Earth orbital test mission?
When were two Block I CSMs launched?
What was the altitude of the first AS-201?
How far downrange was the second AS-202?
What part of the Command Module was validated?
What type of test flight did the first Block II CSM and LM fly?
What did the astronauts begin wearing?
What was replaced with a clear "fishbowl" type?
What did the lunar surface EVA suit include?
What did LMP stand for?
Who was the Director of Flight Crew Operations for the Gemini and Apollo programs?
What astronaut was Deke Slayton?
When was the first Apollo crew selected?
Who was the rookie pilot on the first Apollo crew?
Wally Schirra, Eisele, and Walter Cunningham were announced as the prime crew for what aircraft?
What happened to the AS-205 mission in 1966?
When was the AS-258 mission planned?
What was the new name of the Saturn IB mission?
Schirra, Eisele and Cunningham were reassigned as what crew?
Who did Mueller appoint to head a "tiger team" to investigate North American's problems?
What was the name of the team that would investigate North American's problems?
When was the Lunar Module supposed to be ready for manned flight?
Who was the Manned Space Flight Administrator?
Where did Grissom, White, and Chaffee test their spacecraft?
Who decided to name their flight Apollo 1 as a motivational focus on the first manned flight?
What did the plugs-out test simulate?
Where did Grissom, White, and Chaffee train their spacecraft?
What did the crew notice that delayed the sealing of the hatch?
When did the plugs-out test begin?
What caused the cabin to burst?
What happened to the astronauts before the hatch could be opened?
What type of atmosphere caused an electrical fire in the cabin?
Who oversees the accident review board?
What did the review board conclude about Command Module design, workmanship and quality control?
Who replaced Joseph Francis Shea?
When did NASA convene an accident review board?
What was used instead of pure oxygen before and during launch?
What were removed from the Block II spacecraft?
What did the Block II design call for replacing the Block I plug-type hatch cover with?
What did NASA do with the manned Block I program?
What type of space suit would crew members wear?
What type of mission types were approved in 1967?
What type of mission had to be accomplished before the next one could be performed?
What were used instead of numbers?
What was the name of the first unmanned flight of the Saturn V?
What did the Command Module have to survive a trans-lunar reentry?
When did NASA cancel a third unmanned test of the Saturn V?
What test did NASA cancel after the Saturn V was declared ready to fly men?
What was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit?
Where was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit?
Who wanted a second unmanned test?
How were the LM engines fully test-fired and restarted?
What was the abort mode called?
How many Saturn IBs did the D mission have?
What was the name of the ship that the Soviet Union sent animals around the Moon on September 15, 1968?
On what day did the astronauts transmit pictures of the lunar surface?
What did George Low propose to do instead of sending the Apollo 8 to Earth?
Who did the Soviets hope to send to orbit the Moon?
What type of veteran crew was on the Apollo 11 mission?
When was the first landing of the G mission?
What did Armstrong and Aldrin send back to Earth?
Who made up the crew of the Apollo 11 mission?
When did Armstrong and Aldrin return to Earth?
Where did Charles Conrad and Alan L. Bean make a precision landing on?
What unmanned lunar probe did Conrad and Bean walk to?
How did Conrad and Bean remove parts of the Surveyor?
What object did Conrad and Bean accidentally point the first lunar surface color television camera into?
What vehicle would the final missions carry?
What was revised for the extended missions?
How many more planned landing sites did NASA publicize?
How long did the CMP and his companions stay on the Moon?
What did NASA plan to increase on the CSM and LM for the last five missions?
What caused the crew to use the LM as a "life boat"?
How many rookies were on the remaining missions?
What happened to Apollo after a liquid oxygen tank exploded?
What exploded two days after Apollo 13 launched?
When did Apollo 13 launch Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise?
What was the name of the Saturn V mission that was eliminated?
What happened to NASA's yearly budget?
What did the two unused Saturn Vs become at the John F. Kennedy Space Center?
In what year was the decision made to cancel missions 18 and 19?
How old are the rocks collected from the Moon compared to rocks found on Earth?
How old are the samples derived from the highlands crust?
What geochemical component was discovered?
What is the name of the rock found during the Apollo Program?
Many samples appear to be pitted with what?
Almost all rocks show evidence of what?
What is impact melt?
What was the estimated cost of the Apollo program in 2005 dollars?
How many Saturn V rockets did NASA purchase?
How much did the Space Review estimate the cost of Apollo from 1959 to 1973?
What was the name of the Apollo Extension Series?
What is the AAP?
What planet would the S-IVB be used for a fly-by mission?
When was Skylab launched?
Where was the Skylab constructed?
When did Skylab's last crew leave the station?
What was the solar telescope that would have been used on the Apollo Telescope Missions?
What was the name of NASA's robotic probe that began photographing the remnants of the Apollo program?
What mission was blown over during its lift-off from the lunar surface?
What is the degree to which the U.S. flags retain their original colors?
What mission sent the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon back to Earth?
What is the name of the book that tells the creation story?
How much of the world saw the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon on Christmas Eve?
What was the result of the Apollo 8 mission and Christmas?
What device was used to record the lunar landing data?
What format was the Apollo TV camera recording in?
What prompted NASA to remove massive numbers of magnetic tapes from the National Archives and Records Administration?
What did NASA use to record magnetic tapes?
Who led the team that designed and built the lunar television camera?
Who compiled the surviving lunar broadcast data?
How was the video processed?
What was made at the Johnson Space Center?
Who restored the surviving lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11?
What color was the restored video in?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What is European Union law?
What are the main sources of primary law?
What are the secondary sources of European Union law?
Who composes the legislature of the European Union?
What is European Union law?
Regulations and Directives have what effect on the laws of European Union member states?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
Who composes the legislature of the European Union?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What are the main sources of primary law?
Who composes the legislature of the European Union?
How many sources of European Union law are there?
Who applies European Union law?
Who applies European Union law?
What is the name of the treaty that allows the European Commission to take proceedings against a member state?
What is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
Along with case law by the Court of Justice and general principles of European Union law, what is another source of European Union law?
Who applies European Union law?
Under what treaty can the European Commission take proceedings against a member state?
What is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
Along with case law by the Court of Justice and general principles of European Union law, what is another source of European Union law?
Who applies European Union law?
Who applies European Union law?
What is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
What are additional sources of European Union law?
What are the EU's primary constitutional sources?
Who has the initiative to propose legislation?
Who elects the European Parliament?
What is the supreme judicial body that interprets EU law?
Who appoints the Commissioners and the board of the European Central Bank?
What is the "core" treaty of the EU?
What is an example of a region that the TEU excludes from the jurisdiction of European Union law?
What does the Court of Justice of the European Union do?
How can individuals rely on primary law in the Court of Justice of the European Union?
When do treaties apply?
What are the "core" treaties of the EU?
What are two examples of territories where a member state is responsible for external relations?
How long do treaties last?
How can the Court of Justice of the European Union interpret treaties?
How did the principal treaties that form the European Union begin?
What are the names of the two treaties that form the European Union?
When did Greenland sign a treaty giving it a special status?
When did the UK, Ireland, Denmark and Norway join the EU?
Who signed a treaty in 1985 giving it a special status?
What were the first principal treaties that form the European Union?
When was the Maastricht Treaty signed?
When was the Single European Act signed?
When did the UK, Ireland, Denmark and Norway join the EU?
When did Greenland sign a treaty giving it a special status?
When was there an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union?
What two referendums resulted in the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe not coming into force?
How was the substance of the Lisbon Treaty to the proposed constitutional treaty?
What was the Lisbon Treaty formally?
What did the Lisbon Treaty do to existing treaties?
What was the purpose of the Nice Treaty?
What would have happened to the constitutional law of the European Union if it had been more transparent?
What two referendums resulted in the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe not coming into force?
What treaty was enacted instead of the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe?
Who is the main executive body of the European Union?
Who has a monopoly on initiating the legislative procedure?
Who sets the agenda for the EU's work?
How many Commissioners are there for each of the 28 member states?
Who is the High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy?
What article states that Commissioners should be "completely independent"?
Who sets the agenda for the EU's work?
How are decisions taken by the European Commission?
Who refused to consent to changes in the Treaty of Lisbon 2007?
Who are the unelected subordinates of member state governments?
Who was censured by Parliament in 1999?
How did the European Court of Justice determine that a Commissioner gave a dentist a job for which he was clearly unqualified?
What group found that few Commissioners had even the slightest sense of responsibility?
Who appoints the six-person board of the ECB?
Does the President of the Council and a Commissioner have voting rights?
When was the Santer Commission censured?
What is the name of the case in which the European Court of Justice held that a Commissioner giving her dentist a job did not break any law?
Who found that few Commissioners had even the slightest sense of responsibility?
What was created after a Committee of Independent Experts found that few Commissioners had even the slightest sense of responsibility?
When did the European Anti-fraud Office investigate the Maltese Commissioner for Health, John Dalli?
Who have powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process?
Why are equality and democracy deficient?
How often do Parliament elections take place?
What is one of the reasons for the lack of equality and democracy in the EU?
What is one of the reasons for the lack of equality and democracy in the EU?
Who has a monopoly on initiating legislation?
Who have powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process?
When were the first direct elections in the EU?
How often do Parliament elections take place?
What is the largest political party in the EU?
Who makes up the Council?
Who is the current President of the European Council?
How is voting weighted to member state size?
How many votes are there in the European Council?
How many of the 352 votes are currently in the European Council?
What is the second main legislative body?
How often does the European Council meet?
How many votes are there in the European Council?
What does TEU article 16(4) and TFEU article 238(3) define as?
What must the Parliament vote by to block or suggest changes?
What does the Council vote by to approve changes?
Is it easier or harder to change EU law than stay the same?
What articles state that powers remain with the member states unless they have been conferred?
Who believes it has the final say in the EU?
What defines the "ordinary legislative procedure" that applies for most EU acts?
What does the "Conciliation Committee" mean?
What articles state that powers remain with the member states unless they have been conferred?
What is convened when different institutions cannot agree at any stage?
What branch of the EU has played an important role in the development of EU law?
What is the main judicial body of the EU?
How many member states are there in the EU?
Who applies most EU law?
What is the CJEU's duty?
How has the judicial branch of the EU played an important role in the development of EU law?
What is the main judicial body of the EU?
What is the name of the tribunal that deals with EU staff issues?
How long is the term for a president of the EU?
What is the duty of the CJEU?
What does the Court of Justice believe has primacy if it conflicts with a provision of national law?
Why did the Italian Constitutional Court give an opinion that Costa had no claim?
What Regulations did the company Amministrazione delle Finanze v Simmenthal SpA claim were contrary to?
Who have had to develop principles to resolve conflicts of laws between different systems?
In what year did Costa v ENEL take place?
Who said that if EU law conflicts with a provision of national law, then EU law has primacy?
What takes primacy over national law?
What do member states not accept that the Court of Justice has the final say on?
What year did Parliament enact the European Communities Act?
What does the EU's legitimacy rest on?
What is the view of the German Constitutional Court from the Solange I and Solange II decisions?
What binds EU institutions and member states to follow the law?
When were citizens or corporations said to not be allowed to bring claims against other non-state parties?
What can be subject to judicial review?
What pertains to the European Union's governance structure?
In what case was it held that the provisions of the Treaties are directly effective?
What article prevented the Dutch Customs Authorities from charging tariffs?
What was Van Gend en Loos?
EU Regulations are the same as what in this sense?
What does TFEU article 288 say are addressed to the member states and usually "leave to the national authorities the choice of form and methods"?
The Working Time Directive requires that every worker has at least how many paid holidays each year?
Most member states require more than what in national law?
When did three Advocate Generals argue that Directives should create rights and duties for all citizens?
What happens if a Directive's deadline for implementation is not met?
How can a citizen invoke a Directive?
How long did Ms Kücükdeveci work for Swedex GmbH & Co KG?
What company did the Court of Justice hold that Mrs Foster was entitled to bring a sex discrimination claim against?
What did Kücükdeveci claim was unlawful age discrimination under the Employment Equality Framework Directive?
Who has a duty to interpret domestic law?
What did the First Company Law Directive article 11 require?
What did the Italian government fail to do in Francovich v Italy?
How much money did Francovich claim from the Italian government in damages?
Who has developed the principles of European Union law?
What are the accepted general principles of European Union Law?
When was proportionality recognized as a general principle of European Union law?
Where is the principle of proportionality recognized?
What must be adopted when there is a choice between several appropriate measures?
How long has the concept of legal certainty been recognized as a general principle of European Union law?
The concept of legal certainty is an important general principle of what?
What must the adoption of laws that will have legal effect in the European Union have?
What are the roots of the doctrine of legitimate expectation?
Where is the European Court of Justice bound to draw inspiration from?
The European Court of Justice cannot uphold measures that are incompatible with what?
How many of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention protection for fundamental rights?
Who was concerned about violating human rights?
When was the European Convention on Human Rights established?
What body was established in 1950?
When did the European Council set up a body tasked with drafting a European Charter of Human Rights?
In what year did the Lisbon Treaty recognize fundamental rights?
What document was adopted at Strasbourg on 12 December 2007?
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union has become an integral part of what?
Who enforces the Charter and the Convention in relation to European Union measures?
The Social Chapter is a chapter of what treaty?
In what year did the Social Chapter become a chapter of the Treaty of Amsterdam?
When was the basis for the Social Chapter developed?
How many general principles does the Social Charter declare?
How many pieces of legislation did the Social Charter become the basis for European Community legislation?
Who adopted the Social Charter in 1989?
Who was the only member state to veto the Social Charter being included as the "Social Chapter" of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty?
What did the UK veto the Social Charter being included as in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty?
When was the Maastricht Treaty signed?
When did the UK subscribe to the Agreement on Social Policy?
In what year was the UK Labour Party elected to government?
What directive required workforce consultation in businesses?
In what year did the UK adopt the Parental Leave Directive?
What did the 1994 Works Council Directive require?
Who signed the ECSC agreement in 1951?
When was the ECSC agreement signed?
What did article 65 of the ECSC agreement ban?
What article made provisions for concentrations, or mergers, and the abuse of a dominant position by companies?
When were competition rules included in the Treaty of Rome?
What article of the Treaty of Lisbon prohibits anti-competitive agreements?
What does Article 102 prohibit?
What articles provide that member state's right to deliver public services may not be obstructed?
What prohibits the abuse of dominant position?
When was the concept of a "social market economy" introduced into EU law?
When was the Treaty of Rome?
What does breaking down barriers to trade reduce?
What area had a tendency to give way to a customs union?
Who has taken the view that the specific goals of free trade are underpinned by the general aims of the treaty for improvement of people's well being?
How is free movement of goods within the European Union achieved?
Who did the Belgian law discriminate against?
What can states be responsible for?
In what case were French farmer vigilantes liable for sabotaging shipments of Spanish strawberries?
What did the Court of Justice hold that Austria did not infringe on article 34 by failing to comply with Schmidberger v Austria?
What was the minimum alcohol content of German liqueurs?
Where did Rewe-Zentrale AG want to import Cassis de Dijon?
In what year was Commission v Italy?
What was all Italian chocolate made from?
What did the Court of Justice find about a Belgian law requiring margarine to be in cube shaped packages?
Which two importers claimed that their prosecution under a French competition law was unlawful?
What was the aim of the law?
In what case did the Court of Justice review Swedish bans on advertising to children under 12?
What harmonised restrictions on marketing and advertising?
What did the Treaties seek to do?
Who originally focused upon free movement of workers?
Free movement was increasingly based on what?
In what case did a German man claim the right to residence in the Netherlands?
What was Steymann entitled to do?
What articles of the Free Movement of Workers Regulation set out the main provisions on equal treatment of workers?
Who claimed that he should be able to transfer from R.F.C. de Liège to USL Dunkerque?
In Groener v Minister for Education, the Court of Justice accepted that a requirement to speak what language to teach in a Dublin design college could be justified as part of the public policy of promoting the Irish language?
What did the Court of Justice consider to be a disproportionate measure?
What did the Court of Justice consider to be a disproportionate measure?
What is increasingly seen as a "fundamental" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice?
What has Citizenship of the EU increased?
What case held that Austria was not entitled to restrict places in Austrian universities to Austrian students?
Along with other forms of vocational training, what does the Court require more access to?
What treaty protects the "freedom of establishment" in article 49?
How would the requirements to be registered in Milan be allowed?
What case held that a refusal to admit a lawyer to the Belgian bar because he lacked Belgian nationality was unjustified?
What article of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union protects the "freedom of establishment"?
What case held that a requirement for lawyers in Italy to comply with maximum tariffs unless there was an agreement with a client was not a restriction?
When did a toxic waste spill occur off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire?
What did Spain not have a crime against?
When did the Court of Justice rule that the Commission could not propose what the criminal sanctions could be?
In what year was the competence for the Union to create criminal sentences for "ecological crimes" contested?
How does the "freedom to provide services" under TFEU article 56 apply?
Why was the lawyer told he could not continue?
What was controlled in all member states?
What did the Dutch health authorities consider unnecessary?
What newspaper's parent company could not evade tax by shifting its residence to the Netherlands?
How much capital did the UK require to start a company?
How much capital should a company have to protect creditors if it fails?
What could be justified by restrictions on freedom of establishment?
What case held that a German court could not deny a Dutch building company the right to enforce a contract in Germany?
What is another name for the Amazon rainforest?
How many square kilometers of the Amazon basin are covered by the rainforest?
How many nations are in the Amazon basin?
How many countries have "Amazonas" in their names?
How much of the planet's remaining rainforests are in the Amazon?
What is the Dutch name for the Amazon rainforest?
What is the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world?
Where is the majority of the Amazon rainforest located?
How much of the planet's remaining rainforests is the Amazon?
How many species of trees are in the Amazon?
What type of forest covers most of the Amazon basin of South America?
How many square miles is the Amazon basin?
How many nations are in the Amazon basin?
Where is the majority of the Amazon rainforest located?
How many species are there in the Amazon?
Why did the rainforest extend as far south as 45°?
What has happened to the savanna regions during the last 34 million years?
When did the rainforest spanned a narrow band?
How did the rainforest expand during the Middle Miocene?
How did the rainforest survive during the Oligocene?
What may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent?
How far south did the rainforest extend from 66-34 Mya?
What has allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics?
During what period did the rainforest spanned a relatively narrow band?
How did the rainforest expand during the Middle Miocene?
What event caused the extinction of dinosaurs?
When did the rainforest extend as far south as 45°?
During what time period did the rainforest expand again?
When did the rainforest retract to a mostly inland formation?
How long have climate fluctuations allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics?
When did the Purus Arch split the basin of the Amazon?
What happened to the water on the eastern side of the Purus Arch?
What is the name of the basin created as the Andes Mountains rose?
When did the water break through the Purus Arch?
How did the water break through the Purus Arch?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split along the middle of the continent?
Where did the water on the eastern side of the Purus Arch flow?
Where did water on the west side of the Amazonas Basin flow?
Where did water flow to the Pacific during the mid-Eocene?
What is the name of the basin created as the Andes Mountains rose?
During what time period was the Purus Arch split along the middle of the continent?
What is the name of the arch that split the basin of the Amazon during the mid-Eocene?
Where did the water on the eastern side of the Purus Arch flow?
Where did water on the west side of the Amazonas Basin flow?
What is the name of the basin created as the Andes Mountains rose?
What does LGM stand for?
What did sediment deposits from the Amazon basin indicate about the rainfall during the LGM?
What do some scientists argue about the reduction of the rainforest?
How has the debate about the reduction of the rainforest been resolved?
How are explanations supported by the available data?
How many years has there been evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation?
What two events have caused significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation?
What did Analyses of from the Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate about the rainfall in the basin during the Last Glacial Maximum?
What was the lower rainfall during the Last Glacial Maximum associated with?
How many years has there been evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation?
What did Analyses of from the Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate about the rainfall in the basin during the Last Glacial Maximum?
What was reduced in the Amazon basin during the Last Glacial Maximum?
Some scientists argue that the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by what?
Why is this debate difficult to resolve?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How far is the Atlantic Ocean?
27.7 million tons of dust fall over what basin?
How many tons of dust remain in the air?
Who has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How many tons of dust fall over the Amazon basin?
How many tons of dust remain in the air?
How much dust is windblown and falls on the Caribbean Sea?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
Who has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How far is the Atlantic Ocean?
How many tons of dust fall over the Amazon basin?
What was the name of Betty Meggers book?
What was the population density of the Amazon rainforest?
What was it impossible to sustain a large population through?
What type of findings have suggested that the Amazon was densely populated?
How many people may have lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500?
Why was it impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture?
Who was an archeologist?
What was the maximum population density in the Amazon rainforest?
What was the name of Betty Meggers book?
Who was an archeologist?
What was the name of Betty Meggers book?
What was the maximum population density in the Amazon rainforest?
How many people lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500?
What was the population of the Amazon in the early 1980s?
Who was the first European to travel the length of the Amazon River?
When did Orellana say a complex civilization was flourishing along the Amazon River?
What is smallpox?
When were geoglyphs discovered on deforested land?
When were geoglyphs discovered on deforested land?
Who was the first European to travel the length of the Amazon River?
When did Francisco de Orellana travel the length of the Amazon River?
When were geoglyphs discovered on deforested land?
Who discovered the geoglyphs in 1977?
How long has the Amazon rainforest been shaped by man?
What is Terra preta?
What is Terra preta distributed over?
What did the development of the fertile soil allow in the previously hostile environment?
What tribe were the remains of some of the large settlements found in the middle of the Amazon forest?
Who found the remains of the Xingu tribe?
What is now widely accepted as a product of indigenous soil management?
What did the development of the fertile soil allow in the previously hostile environment?
What tribe were the remains of some of the large settlements found in the middle of the Amazon forest?
Who found the remains of the Xingu tribe?
What were the remains of the Xingu tribe?
How many insect species are in the Amazon region?
How many of the bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon?
How many plant species have been classified in the Amazon?
How many fish species live in Amazonian rivers and streams?
How many invertebrate species have been described in Brazil?
How many insect species are in the Amazon region?
How many birds and mammals are in the Amazon?
How many plant species have been classified in the Amazon?
How many reptiles have been classified in the Amazon region?
How many of the bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon?
How many acres of Ecuadorian rainforest supports more than 1,100 tree species?
How many tree species does the Ecuadorian rainforest support?
How many tonnes of living plants are in one square kilometer of Amazon rainforest?
What is the average plant biomass per hectare?
How many species of plants of economic and social interest have been registered in the Amazon rainforest?
What is the biodiversity of plant species?
How many tree species does the Ecuadorian rainforest support?
How many living plants can one square kilometer of Amazon rainforest contain?
What is the average plant biomass per hectare?
How many species of plants of economic and social interest have been registered in the Amazon rainforest?
What can produce an electric shock that can stun or kill?
What is one of the largest predatory creatures in the Amazon?
What species of eels bite and injure humans?
What do poison dart frogs secrete through their flesh?
Who can spread the rabies virus?
What is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas?
When was access to the forest's interior highly restricted?
What method was used in the 1960s?
Why were colonists unable to manage their fields and crops?
How are areas cleared of forest visible from outer space?
What was the total area of forest lost in the Amazon between 1991 and 2000?
What was the total area of forest lost in the Amazon between 1991 and 2000?
What did most of the lost forest become?
What is Brazil's ranking in the production of soybeans?
What percentage of the land deforested since 1970 is used for livestock pasture?
Whose needs have been used to justify many of the controversial transportation projects that are currently developing in the Amazon?
What did the first two highways lead to?
What is the mean annual deforestation rate in the Brazilian Amazon from 2000 to 2005?
What has happened to the deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2014?
What was the mean annual deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005?
What are environmentalists concerned about?
What is the cause of the loss of biodiversity?
What could accelerate global warming?
What do Amazonian evergreen forests account for in ecosystems?
How much carbon does Amazonian evergreen forests account for?
What conditions could cause the Amazon rainforest to become unsustainable?
What is one computer model of future climate change caused by?
By what year could the Amazon basin lose almost all of its rainforest cover?
When could the Amazon rainforest be threatened by climate change?
What could the Amazon rainforest be threatened by in the 21st century?
What do the Urarina continue to struggle for their cultural survival and the fate of?
Along with ethno-biology, what type of conservation efforts have gained increased attention?
What causes indigenous territories to be destroyed?
Which indigenous people continue to struggle to fight for their cultural survival and the fate of their forested territories?
What kind of peoples are the Urarina?
What is being used by the indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests?
What is the name of the tribe that maps out their ancestral lands?
Where do the Trio Tribe live?
Why do members of the Trio Tribe map out their ancestral lands?
Why is remote sensing being used?
What stages are crucial to accurately map the Amazon's biomass and subsequent carbon related emissions?
What does the biomass of the Amazon cause?
Who organized the trees of the Amazon into four categories in 2006?
When did Tatiana Kuplich organize the trees of the Amazon into four categories?
What radar did Tatiana Kuplich use to place the different portions of the Amazon into one of the four classifications?
In what year did parts of the Amazon basin experience the worst drought in one hundred years?
What is the name of the institute that argued that the drought is pushing the rainforest towards a "tipping point"?
What effect does the drought have on the climate?
What is the forest on the brink of being turned into?
Who reported that the rainforest could survive three years of drought?
In what year did the Amazon rainforest experience another severe drought?
How many square miles of rainforest was affected by the 2010 drought?
How many epicenters did the 2010 drought have?
In what year did the 2010 drought have three epicenters where vegetation died off?
How much carbon dioxide does the Amazon absorb in a typical year?
What is another name for ctenophora?
Where do ctenophora live?
How large are adult ctenophora?
What is the phylum of ctenophora?
What is the most distinctive feature of ctenophora?
What do both ctenophores and cnidarians rely on for digestion and respiration?
What is the average size of adult ctenophora?
What is the most distinctive feature of ctenophora?
What is another name for ctenophora?
What is the average size of adult ctenophora?
What do both ctenophores and cnidarians rely on for digestion and respiration?
What are the Greek words for 'comb jellies'?
Where do ctenophora live?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
How many species of ctenophores have been validated?
How many species of ctenophores have not been fully described and named?
How many species of ctenophores have been validated?
What are little tentacles fringed with?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
What are cydippids fringed with tentilla?
What do ctenophores use as teeth?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
What are little tentacles fringed with?
What do ctenophores use as teeth?
What are the little tentacles covered with?
How many species of ctenophores have been validated?
What type of animals can produce both eggs and sperm?
What do platyctenids' young look like?
How are juveniles able to reproduce?
What is a hermaphrodite?
What is a simultaneous hermaphrodite?
What type of hermaphrodites produce eggs and sperm at different times?
Whose eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch?
What enables small populations to grow at an explosive rate?
What is a hermaphrodite?
What is a simultaneous hermaphrodite?
What is a sequential hermaphrodite?
Whose eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch?
What type of hermaphrodites have large mouths and no tentacles?
Where has Mnemiopsis been accidentally introduced?
What ctenophore was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea?
What two factors exacerbated the problem of Mnemiopsis?
What does Beroe prey on?
What ctenophore was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea?
What did Mnemiopsis eat that would otherwise have fed the fish?
Where do ctenophores occur in very high numbers?
Where do ctenophores occur in very high numbers?
What are phytoplankton?
What ctenophore was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea?
What is Mnemiopsis blamed for?
What helped to mitigate the problem?
When did the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction occur?
Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that the "cydippids" are not what?
How long ago were ctenophores found in lagerstätten?
What do ctenophores have no?
How long ago were ctenophores found in lagerstätten?
What event occurred 66 million years ago?
Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that the "cydippids" are not what?
What do ctenophores have no?
What are jellyfish and sea anemones?
How are ctenophores distinguished from other animals?
What animal is less complex than ctenophores?
What is an animal phylum that is more complex than sponges?
What are sticky and adhere to prey?
What are jellyfish and sea anemones?
What are sticky and adhere to prey?
What are sticky and adhere to prey?
What animals have cells bound by inter-cell connections and carpet-like basement membranes?
What animal is less complex than ctenophores?
What is the middle layer of jelly-like material called in ctenophores?
What are ctenophores and cnidarians traditionally labelled as?
What animals have two main layers of cells that sandwich a middle layer of jelly-like material?
Along with cnidarians and ctenophores, what type of animal is ctenophores similar to?
What do ctenophores use as their main method of locomotion?
What do ctenophores use cilia for?
What are comb-like bands of cilia called?
What does "ctenophora" mean?
What is the cydippid cydippid Pleurobrachia?
What species are so fragile that it is difficult to capture them intact for study?
How do ctenophores need to be tough?
What are the three coastal genera?
What is the inner surface of the cavity lined with?
What do photocytes produce?
What does "throat" mean?
What is the internal cavity composed of?
What are the most active parts of the animal?
What are comb rows called?
What are combs also called?
What is the extra compact filament suspected to have?
How do ctenophores swim?
How long are the cilia in a comb plate?
What do some species rely on to adapt to water of different densities?
Where do ciliary rosettes pump water when a ctenophores enter less dense brackish water?
What do the ciliary rosettes do to avoid sinking?
What do ctenophores do if they move from brackish to full-strength seawater?
What is the largest sensory feature?
Where is the aboral organ located?
What protects the statocyst?
What is the main component of the aboral organ?
What is a statocyst?
What is Pleurobrachia?
What extends from opposite sides of the body?
What shape do cydippid ctenophores have?
What are the tentacles housed in?
Where is the mouth of a cydippid?
What are the tentacles of cydippid ctenophores fringed with?
What are colloblasts?
How do the tentilla of Euplokamis differ from those of other cydippids?
How many types of movement do Euplokamis' tentilla have?
What are Euplokamis' tentilla used for?
How many rows of combs are there?
Where do the combs run?
How are the combs spaced?
What runs out under the dome and splits to connect with two adjacent comb rows?
What are muscular, cuplike extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth?
What are auricles?
How many auricles do many species of lobates have?
What do water currents do for lobates?
What do lobates feed on?
How can members of the lobate genera Bathocyroe and Ocyropsis escape danger?
What does the jet of expelled water do to lobates?
What are lobates' combs coordinated by?
What are lobates' combs coordinated by nerves rather than by?
What is another name for the Beroida?
What animal has no feeding appendages?
What do the strips of adhesive epithelial cells do?
What do the strips of adhesive epithelial cells do when the animal is not feeding?
What is inside the large mouth of the Beroida?
What are ribbon-shaped planktonic animals?
What is one of the largest ctenophores?
What does Cestida mean?
How can Cestids swim?
What species of Cestida can move much faster in what is described as a "darting motion"?
What is on the aboral surface of a platyctenid?
How do Platyctenids cling to surfaces?
What do all but one of the known platyctenid species lack?
Where do platyctenids live?
How are eggs and sperm released?
What type of fertilization do platyctenids use?
Self-fertilization has occasionally been seen in species of what genus?
Where are the gonads located?
What type of fertilization is used by most hermaphrodites?
What do juveniles in the genus Beroe lack?
Where do platyctenids live?
When do platyctenids reach their adult form?
How do the flat, bottom-dwelling platyctenids behave?
In what genus do juveniles lack tentacles and tentacle sheaths?
What happens when some species are disturbed?
Why do some species produce secretions that luminesce at much the same wavelengths as their bodies?
What are secretions called?
What is the effect of a juvenile's luminescence on an animal's body size?
How many ctenophores are predators?
What do members of the genus Haeckelia prey on?
How do members of the genus Haeckelia prey on jellyfish?
What does Bolinopsis generally feed on?
Which cydippid feeds exclusively on salps?
Why were ctenophores regarded as "dead ends" in marine food chains?
What fish digests ctenophores 20 times faster than an equal weight of shrimps?
What can provide a good diet if there are enough of them around?
Where do herbivorous fishes deliberately feed on gelatinous zooplankton?
What do jellyfish and turtles eat large quantities of?
What animal was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov?
How was the Western Atlantic ctenophore introduced?
How were Mnemiopsis populations brought under control?
When was the Western Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov?
What did the cooling of the local climate do to Mnemiopsis?
Why are ctenophores extremely rare as fossils?
What could the Ediacaran Eoandromeda represent?
During what period were ctenophores found in the Burgess Shale?
How many ctenophores were found in the Burgess Shale?
How did the ctenophores appear in the Burgess Shale?
How long ago did the fossil Stromatoveris date?
What fossil is very similar to Vendobionta of the preceding Ediacaran period?
What fossil is similar to Vendobionta of the preceding Ediacaran period?
What is the fossil Stromatoveris similar to?
The fossil Stromatoveris is similar to Vendobionta of what period?
Several studies comparing complete sequenced genomes of ctenophores with other sequenced animal genomes have supported ctenophores as the sister lineage to what?
What is the earliest-diverging animal phylum?
Which ctenophores have cydippid-like larvae?
What did Richard Harbison's morphological analysis conclude about cydippids?
When did the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction occur?
Who concluded that cydippids are not monophyletic?
What is the fifth-largest city in California?
How far is Fresno from Los Angeles?
What does the name Fresno mean in Spanish?
What is featured on Fresno's flag?
What is the county seat of Fresno County?
When did the Central Pacific Railroad establish a station near Easterby's?
Why did many Millerton residents move to the new community?
When did Fresno become an incorporated city?
How many streetcars did the Fresno Traction Company operate in 1931?
What grew the town of Fresno Station?
What percentage of Fresno's population was Asian in 1940?
What neighborhood was primarily a Japanese neighborhood?
What was the site of the Pinedale Assembly Center in 1942?
What was the Pinedale Assembly Center?
What was the Fresno Fairgrounds used for?
What was the name of the first successful credit card?
What was the name of the first successful credit card?
What did a credit card allow cardholders to do?
In what year was BankAmericard spun off?
What is the name of the company that BankAmericard was spun off into in 1976?
Who wrote the song "Walking Into Fresno"?
Who recorded the song "Walking Into Fresno"?
Where did Bill Aken grow up?
Where did Bill Aken make his first TV appearance?
Who adopted Bill Aken?
How many large public parks are in Fresno?
What park is home to the Fresno Chaffee Zoo?
What is the largest of the Fresno region's park system?
What is the name of the Japanese garden in Woodward Park?
What is the largest of the Fresno region's park system?
When did Downtown Fresno flourish?
What was the name of the original Fresno County Courthouse?
What is the Grand 1401?
What hotel was burned down?
When was Fulton Street converted into a pedestrian mall?
What was Fulton Street renamed in 1964?
Who is the only public art piece in the world that one can walk up to and touch?
Where will the public art pieces be placed?
What type of sidewalks will be installed on the east side of Fulton Street?
On what side of Fresno is Sunnyside?
What are the two major thoroughfares in Sunnyside?
When was Sunnyside developed?
What neighborhood is on Fresno's far southeast side?
Who designed the Sunnyside Country Club's golf course?
What historic landmark is in the Tower District?
When was the Tower Theatre built?
The name of the theater refers to what well-known landmark?
What was the original name of the school?
How far is Fresno City College from the Tower District?
When did the Tower Theatre re-open?
What did the Tower Theatre show in the late 1970s?
When did Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater & Good Company Players open?
Where was Audra McDonald from?
What two roles did Audra McDonald perform at the Tower Theatre as a high school student?
What type of theater is in the neighborhood?
How close are the independent shops and bookstores to each other?
What is the center of Fresno's local punk/goth/deathrock community?
What is the center of Fresno's local punk/goth/deathrock community?
What is the center of Fresno's local punk/goth/deathrock community?
What is the area known for?
What type of houses were designed by Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler?
How does the residential architecture of the Tower District compare to the newer areas of tract homes urban sprawl?
How have many of the homes in the area been restored?
What Boulevard provides streetcar connections between downtown and the County Hospital?
Who mapped the Alta Vista Tract?
In what year did developers Billings & Meyering acquire the Alta Vista Tract?
How many homes were in the Alta Vista Tract in 1914?
Who provided streetcar connections between downtown and the County Hospital?
What is another name for the West Side of Fresno?
Where is the west side of the 99 freeway?
What community is the West Side of Fresno considered to be the center of?
What are the main Asian-American populations in the neighborhood?
What is one of the oldest neighborhoods in Fresno?
Who is Kearney Boulevard named after?
What is Kearney Boulevard lined with?
Where is Kearney Boulevard located?
What is the name of the section of West Side south of Jensen?
What was known as the "Dogg Pound" in reference to a local gang?
When were several public housing developments built in the neighborhood?
Where is a modern shopping center located?
Who have large processing facilities in the neighborhood?
Where is the Fresno Chandler Executive Airport?
How much retail activity does the neighborhood have?
Who founded Woodward Park?
How many acres is Woodward Park?
How many people can the multi-use amphitheatre at Woodward Park seat?
How long will the Lewis S. Eaton Trail system cover?
When is Woodward Park open?
When was Sierra Sky Park Airport formed?
Who created the nation's first planned aviation community?
What was the first aviation community to be built?
What type of vehicles are allowed to share roads?
How many aviation communities are there around the world?
What type of summers does Fresno have?
What is the warmest month in Fresno?
What is the average annual precipitation in Fresno?
Where do most of the wind rose direction occurrences derive from?
When is there an increased presence of southeastern wind directions in the wind rose statistics?
What is the official record high temperature for Fresno?
When was the official record low temperature set for Fresno?
In what year did Fresno get the most rainfall in one month?
What was the heaviest snowfall at the airport on January 21, 1962?
What was the most rainfall in 24 hours on November 18, 1885?
What was the population of Fresno in 2010?
What was the racial makeup of Fresno in 2010?
How many Native Americans lived in Fresno in 2010?
What percentage of the Fresno population was non-Hispanic White in 2010?
What was the population density per square mile?
How many households had children under the age of 18 living in them?
What percentage of households had a female householder with no husband?
How many same-sex married couples were there?
What was the average family size?
What was the average household size?
How many people lived in the city as of 2000?
How many housing units were there as of 2000?
What percentage of the city is black or African American?
How much of the population is Hmong?
What was the population density in 2000?
Why did the Federal Communications Commission decide that Fresno would only have UHF television stations?
What was the first Fresno television station to begin broadcasting?
When did KMJ-TV begin broadcasting?
What is KMJ-TV now known as?
What is the name of the CBS affiliate in Fresno?
What is the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley?
What is State Route 168?
Which freeway comes into Fresno from Atascadero in the south?
Where does State Route 180 come from?
What is the largest U.S. city not directly linked to an Interstate highway?
When was the Interstate Highway System created?
What is the name of the State Route that was originally built on the west side of the Central Valley?
Why did the Interstate Highway System need to be upgraded to interstate standards?
Who provides passenger rail service in Fresno?
Where is the Santa Fe Railroad Depot?
What two railroads cross in Fresno?
Which railroad operates former Southern Pacific branchlines out of Fresno?
Where is the Santa Fe Railroad Depot?
Who developed the concept of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
What was the goal of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
Why did Paul Baran develop the concept of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
What is Donald Davies credited with?
What concept did Paul Baran develop?
What was the goal of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
What is Donald Davies credited with?
What is a method that pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session?
How is circuit switching characterized in case of billable services?
How is packet switching characterized?
What is a method that pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session?
What is circuit switching?
How is circuit switching characterized?
How is packet switching characterized?
How is packet mode communication implemented?
How are packets forwarded?
How are packets delivered in a shared physical medium?
How is packet mode communication implemented?
How are packets normally forwarded?
How are packets delivered in a shared physical medium?
What concept did Baran develop during his research?
What type of networks did Baran research?
What are the three key ideas of the report?
What is one of Baran's key ideas?
What did Report P-2626 describe?
How were the messages delivered?
What concept did Baran develop during his research?
What are the three key ideas of the report?
What did Donald Davies do in 1965?
What did Donald Davies call the message routing methodology?
What did Donald Davies do with packet switching?
What did Roger Scantlebury suggest using packet switching for?
Who developed the same message routing methodology as Baran?
What did Donald Davies call the message routing methodology?
What did Roger Scantlebury do to Lawrence Roberts?
What is included in connectionless mode?
How are packets routed in connectionless mode?
How is each packet labeled?
What happens at the destination?
What is different for different packets?
What does Routing a packet require the node to do?
How are packets negotiated between endpoints?
What does connection-oriented transmission require?
What do both X.25 and Frame Relay provide?
How does Frame Relay differ from X.25?
How does Frame Relay differ from X.25?
How does Frame Relay differ from X.25?
When did ARPANET and SITA HLN become operational?
What were the two fundamental differences between the different network technologies?
What does the network do in a virtual call system?
What is an example of a datagram protocol?
What was AppleTalk?
What features did AppleTalk include?
What did the AppleTalk system do?
What type of system was AppleTalk?
What was the first network to make hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data?
What was the purpose of the CYCLADES network?
How did the CYCLADES network differ from ARPANET?
What did concepts of the CYCLADES network influence?
What is DECnet?
What was the purpose of DECnet?
How did DECnet evolve in 1982?
What were the DECnet Phase II protocols?
What was the purpose of the data network?
What was the computer time-sharing service called?
What happened to GE's computer time-sharing service?
What did Sinback decide?
Why was the Michigan Educational Research Information Triad formed?
What was the first demonstration of the packet-switched network?
How did the Merit Network, Inc. network evolve?
What was Telenet?
Who founded Telenet?
What was the purpose of Telenet?
What did Telenet change the host interface to?
What happened to Telenet in 1979?
What was Tymnet?
What did Tymnet do?
How were users typically connected to Tymnet?
What did the private network business allow?
How were private networks connected?
What were the two types of X.25 networks?
Who developed DATAPAC?
How did a user or host call a host on a foreign network?
What was the name of AUSTPAC?
What was the purpose of AUSTPAC?
How is access to AUSTPAC handled?
What was Datanet 1?
How was the name Datanet 1 used?
What other service did the name Datanet 1 refer to?
Why was the name Datanet 1 used?
What is CSNET?
What was the purpose of CSNET?
What role did the CSNET play?
What is Internet2?
Who built the first Internet2 Network?
What was the name of the first Internet2 network?
What did Internet2 announce in 2006?
What was the name of the new network?
What is NSFNET?
What did the NSFNET promote?
How did NSFNET evolve?
What is the vBNS?
What was the purpose of the vBNS?
How did MCI Telecommunications operate the vBNS?
How many national points of presence did the vBNS connect by 1998?
How did vBNS upgrade the entire backbone to OC-48c?
Where did the Black Death originate?
What type of ships were the black rats on?
How much of Europe's population was killed by the Black Death?
When did the world population recover to pre-plague levels?
When did the Black Death recur in Europe?
What is enzootic?
What years are the graves near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan?
In October 2010, medical geneticists suggested that all three of the great waves of the plague originated in what country?
When did famine begin?
How many people were killed by the plague in the 15 years before it reached Constantinople?
Who first introduced the plague to Europe?
Who led the Mongol army during the siege?
What did the Mongol army catapult over the walls of Kaffa?
Where did the Genoese traders take the plague by ship?
What conditions contributed to the severity of the Black Death?
Where did the plague spread from Italy?
Where did the plague spread to in 1351?
Where was the plague less common?
Where did the plague spread to?
When was the plague introduced in Norway?
What did the plague lead to?
When did the plague reach Alexandria?
How did the plague reach Alexandria?
How did the people of Antioch flee to the north?
Who claimed that the Latin name atra mors first appeared in modern times in 1631?
What was the Latin name for the 14th-century epidemic?
Who wrote 'Vulgo & ab effectu atram mortem vocatibant'?
When was the medieval epidemic first called the Black Death?
Where did the name atra mors spread to?
What did the king of France blame for the plague?
Who did the medical faculty in Paris report to that blamed the heavens?
What was the most widely accepted theory of the plague?
What is the theory that the plague was caused by bad air known as today?
What pathogen was responsible for the Black Death outbreak?
In what city was the investigation of Yersinia pestis begun?
Who was the first scientist to investigate the Yersinia pestis pathogen?
What was established in 1898 by Paul-Louis Simond?
What was the bubonic plague mechanism dependent on?
Who wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893?
What did Francis Aidan Gasquet think of the 'Great Pestilence'?
When was the second edition of the Black Death published?
What animals were implicated in the bubonic plague?
What was the name of the plague that was prevalent in the Eastern Roman Empire from 541 to 700 CE?
What is the mortality rate of the bubonic plague?
What is the temperature range of the bubonic plague?
What percentage of people who contract the bubonic plague die within eight days?
What is the mortality rate of pneumonic plague?
What is purpura due to disseminated intravascular coagulation?
When did the PLoS Pathogens publish a paper?
What did the PLoS Pathogens team do?
How did the team assess the presence of DNA/RNA?
Where did the PCR techniques for Yersinia pestis come from?
What did the new research show about Yersinia pestis?
What are clades of the Y. pestis genome called?
What modern strains of Y. pestis were found to be ancestral to?
What did the study suggest about the two clades of the Y. pestis genome?
How did the first variant of Y. pestis enter Europe?
When did the Y. pestis plague reach England?
What has happened to the results of the Haensch study?
Where was the burial site of the Black Death?
What did Schuenemann et al. conclude about the variant of Y. pestis?
When was a study published in Nature that sequenced the genome of Y. pestis from plague victims?
Who first challenged the plague theory?
What did J. F. D. Shrewsbury find about the rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic?
What did J. F. D. Shrewsbury conclude about the reports of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic?
What did Graham Twigg produce in 1984?
What was the name of the author who questioned the identity of the Black Death?
What is as important as the identification of symptoms?
Why are researchers hampered?
How much did the estimates of the population vary at the start of the plague?
Where are estimates of plague victims usually extrapolated from?
When did no census take place in England?
What did sceptics of the bubonic plague theory argue about the rat population?
What did sceptics of the bubonic plague theory argue about the transference via fleas in goods?
What is one argument against the bubonic plague theory?
What is the spread of the Black Death compared to modern bubonic plague?
How long does it take to separate major outbreaks of the Black Death from modern bubonic plague?
What did Twigg think was the cause of Y. pestis?
What did Norman Cantor think was the cause of the Y. pestis?
What other diseases do scholars believe can explain the extent of the Y. pestis pandemic?
What is septicemic?
How many bodies were exhumed from the Clerkenwell area of London in 2014?
What is the most widely accepted estimate for the Middle East during this time?
How much of Paris' population died during the Black Death?
What did the finding of well-preserved individuals being buried in isolated, evenly spaced graves suggest?
How much of the population of crowded cities died in 1348?
What areas were less vulnerable to contagion?
When did the plague return to Europe and the Mediterranean?
How many people were affected by the Second Pandemic?
How many people did France lose to the plague in the epidemic of 1628-31?
What is the range of preincident population figures in England?
When did the Black Death end in England?
How much of the population was affected by the plague in 1471?
In what year did the Great Plague of London end?
How many people died of the plague in Paris in 1466?
In what country did the Black Death spread to 25 times between 1350 and 1490?
What outbreak was associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War?
When did the last plague outbreak ravage Oslo?
How many times did the plague occur in Venice?
How many people were killed by the plague in Italy in the first half of the 17th century?
How many people were killed by the plague in Naples in 1656?
What did the plague of 1649 do to the population of Seville?
What was the name of the war that followed the Great Northern War?
When was Europe's last major epidemic?
When was the plague present in at least one location in the Islamic world virtually every year?
How many people were lost to the plague in Algiers in 1620-21?
How long did the plague remain a major event in Ottoman society?
How much of Baghdad has been wiped out by the plague?
What happens to a rock when it crystallizes?
What type of rock can a sedimentary rock be turned into?
What is formed when a rock is re-melted?
What are the three major types of rock?
What change the mineral content of a rock that gives it a characteristic fabric?
What was the most important discovery in the 1960s?
What does the Earth's lithosphere include?
What is the tectonic plates that move across the solid upper mantle called?
The oceanic lithosphere is the rigid upper thermal boundary layer of what?
When was seafloor spreading discovered?
What were mid-ocean ridges explained as?
Arcs of volcanoes and earthquakes were explained as what?
What did the San Andreas fault system do?
Whose theory of continental drift was influenced by plate tectonics?
The power of the theory of plate tectonics lies in its ability to combine observations into a single theory of how the lithosphere moves over what?
What can seismologists use to image the interior of the Earth?
What is on top of the lithosphere?
What part of the Earth is below the crust and lithosphere?
What have seismologists been able to create detailed images of inside the earth?
What parts of the Earth are below the crust and lithosphere?
What does the second scale show?
What is a very short period with short epochs?
Which epoch is too small to be shown clearly on the third timeline on the right?
What does Q stand for?
What pertains to the formation of faults and the age of the sequences through which they cut?
What is the age of the formations that are not cut?
What may help determine whether a fault is a normal fault or a thrust fault?
If a fault penetrates some formations but not those on top of it, what are the formations that were cut?
What foreign bodies are picked up as magma or lava flows and incorporated, later to cool in the matrix?
What are xenoliths picked up as?
What is another term for inclusions and components?
What states that, with sedimentary rocks, if inclusions (or clasts) are found in a formation, then the inclusions must be older than the formation that contains them?
What is ripped up and included in a newer layer in sedimentary rocks?
What principle is based on the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks?
Who laid out the principles of succession?
How complex is the principle of succession?
What can be used to provide a relative age of the formations in which they are found?
William Smith laid out the principles of succession almost a hundred years before the publication of what scientist's theory of evolution?
When was the ability to obtain accurate absolute dates to geologic events facilitated?
Along with fossils, what could geologists use to date sections of rock relative to one another?
What did isotopic dates allow geologists to assign to rock units?
How could geologists date sections of rock relative to each other?
What could absolute dates be applied to in which there was datable material?
What can be used to determine temperature profiles within the crust?
What is the point at which different radiometric isotopes stop diffusing into and out of the crystal lattice?
What is measured in minerals?
What can provide absolute age data for sedimentary rock units that do not contain radioactive isotopes?
When rock units are placed under what type of compression, they shorten and become thicker?
Where do thrust faults form?
What do the buckles in the center of the fold create?
What are the folds where the material in the center of the fold buckles downwards called?
If the tops of the rock units within the folds remain pointing upwards, what are they called?
What causes the rock units as a whole to become longer and thinner?
What are lenses called when stretched rocks pinch into lenses?
Where can the entire sedimentary sequence of the Grand Canyon be seen over a length of less than a meter?
Rocks at the depth to be ductilely stretched are often what?
How is extension accomplished?
What are long, planar igneous intrusions?
Where do dikes often form in large numbers?
What do faults and other deformational processes create?
What maintains the topographic gradient in spite of the movement of sediment?
What are often associated with volcanism and igneous activity?
What do the Hawaiian Islands consist almost entirely of?
What is the oldest known rock in the world?
What have remained in place since the Cambrian time?
When did the sedimentary sequences of the mid-continental United States and the Grand Canyon remain in place?
Where is the Acasta gneiss located?
What is petrology?
What is stratigraphy?
What is structural geology?
What do geologists study in addition to rivers, landscapes, and glaciers?
What do petrologists do in the field?
What properties of minerals can be identified with a conoscopic lens?
What do stable and radioactive isotope studies provide insight into?
Where do petrologists identify rock samples?
How are thin sections of rock samples analyzed in an optical mineralogy analysis?
Petrologists can perform high temperature and what other type of physical experiments?
Petrologists can perform what to understand the temperatures and pressures at which different mineral phases appear?
Along with igneous processes, what other process can  Petrologists study?
Who uses microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples to observe the fabric within rocks?
What do structural geologists use to observe the fabric within rocks?
What do structural geologists do to better understand the orientations of faults and folds?
How do structural geologists perform rock deformation in large and small settings?
What are zones in which mountains are built along convergent tectonic plate boundaries?
What is one of the most well-known experiments in structural geology?
What is pulled along a lower surface into a back stop?
What happens to the angles of an orogenic wedge?
What type of models work in the same way as analog models?
Who analyzes samples of stratigraphic sections in the laboratory?
What type of data do stratigraphers analyze?
What can be combined with geophysical data to produce a better view of the subsurface?
What do stratigraphers often use to do this in three dimensions?
What can stratigraphers locate areas for?
Why do geochronologists date rocks within the stratigraphic section?
Who analyzes rock samples from outcrops and drill cores?
Who looks for signs of magnetic reversals in igneous rock units within drill cores?
Who precisely date rocks within the stratigraphic section to provide better absolute bounds on the timing and rates of deposition?
Where can the origin of geology be traced to?
Who was one of the earliest Persian geologists?
Who formulated a hypothesis for the process of land formation?
Who proposed detailed explanations for the formation of mountains?
What did Shen Kuo use to formulate his hypothesis for the process of land formation?
Who is often viewed as the first modern geologist?
What was the title of Hutton's paper in 1785?
When did Hutton publish a two-volume version of his ideas?
What did Hutton say about the Earth in his paper?
Who produced the first geological map of the U.S.?
When was the first geological map of the U.S. produced?
When did Maclure begin making a geological survey of the United States?
What was the name of Maclure's memoir?
Who submitted the results of Maclure's unaided labours?
What was the name of Sir Charles Lyell's book?
What theory states that slow geological processes occurred throughout the Earth's history and still occurring today?
What theory states that slow geological processes occurred throughout the Earth's history and still occurring today?
What is the theory that Earth's features formed in single, catastrophic events?
Whose thought was influenced by Principles of Geology?
How far is Newcastle from Edinburgh?
How far from the North Sea is Newcastle upon Tyne?
What network of European cities is Newcastle a member of?
Newcastle was part of what county until 1400?
What is the regional nickname and dialect for people from Newcastle and the surrounding area?
Who was William the Conqueror's eldest son?
What trade did Newcastle become an important centre for in the 14th century?
What type of mining area did Newcastle become a major mining area for?
When did the port of Newcastle develop?
What is the world's most popular half marathon?
What was the name of the first settlement in what is now Newcastle?
Pons Aelius was a Roman fort and bridge across what river?
What was the population of Pons Aelius at the time?
What wall is still visible in parts of Newcastle, particularly along the West Road?
What tribes did the Vallum prevent the incursion of?
What was the name of England's northern fortress during the Middle Ages?
Who granted Newcastle a new charter in 1589?
How tall was the stone wall built around Newcastle in the 13th century?
Who was imprisoned in Newcastle in 1174?
How many times was Newcastle defended against the Scots during the 14th century?
What did the royal act restrict all shipments of from Tyneside to Newcastle Quayside?
What was the cartel of Newcastle burgesses known as?
What does the phrase taking coals to Newcastle mean?
What was Timothy Dexter considered to be?
What did merchants plot to do to Timothy Dexter?
Who were the keelmen?
What were keels?
How many of the 20,000 inhabitants of Newcastle died of plague in the 1630s?
What percentage of the population of Newcastle died from the plague in 1636?
What was the most devastating loss in any British City in the 1630s?
Who did the North declare for during the English Civil War?
Who captured Newburn?
What did the Scots call the storm of Newcastle?
What does "Fortiter Defendit Triumphans" mean?
Who was imprisoned in Newcastle by the Scots in 1646?
What did the Industrial Revolution result in?
What was the largest pottery company in the world in 1817?
What was Newcastle one of the first cities in the world to be lit up by?
Shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to the city's what?
What invention by Charles Parsons led to the revolution of marine propulsion and the production of cheap electricity?
What type of street layout does Newcastle still have?
What is another name for 'chares'?
What remains intact from the riverside to higher parts of the city centre?
What type of buildings are in Close, Sandhill and Quayside?
What is the House of Tides?
What is Newcastle's neoclassical center called?
What did Stuart Maconie describe Newcastle as?
What street was voted England's finest street in 2005?
When was a portion of Grainger Town demolished?
What is Eldon Square?
What is another green space in Newcastle?
What do the freemen of the city have the right to do on the Town Moor?
What is the largest traveling funfair in Europe?
When is the Hoppings funfair held?
Who has the right to graze cattle on the Town Moor?
What has replaced former shipping premises with imposing new office developments?
Who commissioned the Gateshead Millennium Bridge?
Who designed The Sage Gateshead music centre?
Why have Newcastle and Gateshead linked together under the banner "NewcastleGateshead"?
How many days was the Bambuco Bridge in 2008?
What is the historic heart of Newcastle?
When was Grainger Town built?
How high are Grainger Market, Theatre Royal, Grey Street, Grainger Street and Clayton Street?
How many of Grainger Town's 450 buildings are listed?
What was the original name of the market built in 1808?
When was the Grainger Market opened?
How many people attended the Grainger Market's grand dinner?
What does the Laing Art Gallery have of the Grainger Market?
Who listed the Grainger Market as grade I in 1954?
What is the climate in Newcastle?
What influence does the Gulf Stream have on Newcastle's climate?
What is the shadow of the North Pennines?
In what month and year did temperatures drop to 12.6 °C?
Newcastle's climate is similar to what other area?
In what year was Newcastle positioned ninth in the retail centre expenditure league of the UK?
What is the largest shopping complex in Newcastle?
What is often cited as the world's first department store?
How did the Bainbridge's official ledgers report revenue?
In what year was the new bus station opened?
What is Grainger Street known for?
What type of shopping areas are Gosforth and Byker?
What is the largest supermarket in the United Kingdom?
What is the largest indoor shopping center in Europe?
Where is the MetroCentre located?
What was the dominant housing form constructed at the time when the industrial centres on Tyneside were growing most rapidly?
What were Tyneside flats built as?
Where is a new development located?
Who were Cany Ash and Robert Sakula?
What type of density were architects Cany Ash and Robert Sakula attracted by?
How much did the proportion of detached homes rise in the 2010 Census?
What was the proportion of converted or shared houses in 2011?
What type of markets are in the local authorities?
What is the authority one of few to see the proportion of detached homes rise in the 2010 Census?
Along with Harrogate, Cheltenham, Bath, Hastings, Brighton, and what other city has a high proportion of detached homes?
In what year was Newcastle's population 189,863?
What borough of Newcastle has a population of 259,000?
What type of population does Newcastle have?
What type of universities are located in Newcastle?
Jesmond and Heaton have what type of population?
What is the average age of people living in Newcastle?
What ancestors do many people in Newcastle have?
Armstrong, Charlton, Elliot, Johnstone, Kerr, Hall, Nixon, Little and Robson are examples of what surname?
How many Bolivians are estimated to live in Newcastle?
What percentage of Newcastle's population are Bolivians?
What is the dialect of Newcastle known as?
Who migrated to and conquered much of England after the end of Roman Imperial rule?
What does the Geordie dialect retain of the old language?
What word is pronounced "deed", "coo", "hoos" and "strang"?
What does "burn" mean?
Where do the words "airn" and "hyem" originate from?
Where are some words used in the Geordie dialect used?
What language are the words "bonny" and "howay" used in?
What appear to be used exclusively in Newcastle and the surrounding area?
What language does the word "hoy" come from?
What did the Ear Institute publish in February 2007?
What was Newcastle named as in the whole of the UK?
What was the average level of decibels in Newcastle?
What type of impact did the report claim the noise levels would have on the health of the city's residents?
What was Newcastle's example of a location without pedestrian access?
What is the 'Diamond Strip'?
What type of complex is The Gate?
How many screens does the Empire multiplex have?
What is Newcastle's gay scene called?
What does the Pink Triangle have?
The city has a proud history of what?
Who managed the original Theatre Royal, Newcastle?
How many seasons did Stephen Kemble guide the theatre through?
When was the original Theatre Royal opened?
What street was built to replace the original Theatre Royal?
What type of theatres are still present in Newcastle?
What is the largest theatre in Newcastle?
What company has performed at the Theatre Royal for over 25 years?
What type of talent does the Mill Volvo Tyne Theatre feature?
What was NewcastleGateshead voted as in 2006?
What is the largest independent library outside London?
How many CDs does the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne have?
Who designed the current Lit and Phil building?
What was the first public building to be lit by electric light?
Who gave the first lecture to be lit by electric light?
What festival takes place in April?
When is the Evolution Festival held?
How often is the AV Festival held?
What is the name of the food and drink festival held in Newcastle and Gateshead?
How many weeks does EAT! NewcastleGateshead run each year?
What is the largest travelling fair in Europe?
When does the Northern Rock Cyclone take place?
What movement is the origins of the Hoppings?
What is the Northern Rock Cyclone?
What festival is held in Leazes Park?
What is the annual two-day multicultural event held on the late August bank holiday weekend?
Where is the 2009 International Arts Fair held?
What is the name of the annual festival that provides the public with an opportunity to see work by regional, national and international designers?
What type of cultural festival is the SAMA Festival?
What city holds an annual International Arts Fair?
What type of group is Lindisfarne?
When was "Fog on the Tyne" released?
Who is considered to be the originator of black metal?
What is the name of the first folk metal band?
What band was Andy Taylor a part of?
When was the Pilgrim Street building refurbished?
Where did the Tyneside Cinema relocate to during the refurbishment works?
How many cinemas are at the Tyneside Cinema?
What is the United Kingdom's last surviving news cinema still in full-time operation?
What type of extension contains the Tyneside Bar?
What is the name of the science village in Newcastle?
What does the Discovery Museum highlight?
What is Tyneside's heritage?
In what year did the Newcastle on Tyne Museum of Antiquities merge with the Great North Museum?
What is the name of the museum dedicated to children's books?
What is the earliest known movie featuring exterior scenes filmed in Newcastle?
What was the name of the 1971 film that was shot in Newcastle?
What type of film was Stormy Monday?
Who directed Stormy Monday?
Along with Tommy Lee Jones, Melanie Griffith and Sean Bean, who starred in Stormy Monday?
Where is Newcastle's horse racing course?
What is the most successful basketball team in the history of the British Basketball League?
What speedway team is based at Brough Park in Byker?
Where are the Newcastle Diamonds based?
What is the name of the road race from Newcastle to Blaydon?
How far is Newcastle International Airport from the city centre?
What system connects the airport to the city?
How long is the journey into Newcastle city centre?
How many passengers does the airport handle per year?
How many destinations are available worldwide as of 2007?
What type of architecture was enhanced?
How many Grade One listed railway stations are in the UK?
Who was the first covered railway station in the world?
Who constructed the neoclassical façade of the station?
What is the name of the city's other mainline railway station?
How often does Virgin Trains East Coast provide trains to London King's Cross?
How long is the journey time of Virgin Trains East Coast trains to London King's Cross?
Where do all trains call?
What trains serve destinations in Yorkshire, the Midlands and the South West?
Who provides local and regional services?
What is the name of the subway system that covers much of Tyne and Wear?
How many phases did the Tyne and Wear Metro system open between 1980 and 1984?
What type of tunnels were constructed through Newcastle city centre?
What was built across the Tyne, between Newcastle and Gateshead?
How many passengers does the Tyne and Wear Metro carry each year?
What is the name of the refurbishment and modernization of the Metro system?
What is 'Metro: All Change' a part of?
What is being overhauled?
What are the long term plans for the Metro system?
What would some of the proposed routes require?
What is one of the major roads in the area?
What road heads past Newcastle Airport and up through central Northumberland and central Scottish Borders?
What is the name of the road that heads south to Gateshead, Chester-le-Street, Durham and Darlington?
What was renumbered between the Western Bypass and the A1's former alignment through the Tyne Tunnel?
What was increased when a project to build a second road tunnel and refurbish the first tunnel was completed?
How many main bus companies are there in Newcastle?
How many major bus stations are in the city?
Which bus company is the primary operator in the city proper?
What is Nexus?
What bus company operates from Eldon Square Bus Station?
When was Newcastle's cycling strategy first developed?
What are the social aims and objectives for cycling?
What type of living does cycling promote?
What type of streets are contraflows on?
What are the local networks linked to?
Who runs a ferry service to IJmuiden?
When did the DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg cease?
Why did DFDS Seaways discontinue their ferry service to Gothenburg?
When was the DFDS ferry service to Bergen and Stavanger terminated?
Which cruise lines have included Newcastle as a departure port on their Norwegian and Fjords cruises?
How many LEA-funded schools are in Newcastle?
How many independent schools are in Newcastle?
What is the largest co-ed independent school in Newcastle?
What is the largest general further education college in the North East?
What type of school is Sacred Heart?
How many universities does Newcastle have?
What university won the Sunday Times University of the Year award in 2000?
What award did Newcastle University win in 2000?
What is the UK-wide process in which polytechnics become new universities?
What university was voted 'Best New University' by The Times Good University Guide in 2005?
How many cathedrals are in Newcastle?
When was the Anglican St. Nicholas built?
What type of cathedral is located in Fenham?
Who is the only parish church in the Church of England without a parish?
What did the three cathedrals begin their lives as?
What is traditionally recognised as 'the oldest church in this town'?
When was the last addition to the church?
What was the last addition to the church?
The church is surrounded by the last of what to retain its original character?
What received a battering during the Siege of Newcastle by the Scots?
Where is ITV Tyne Tees based?
Where did ITV Tyne Tees move to in 2005?
What gave its name to the 1980s music television programme, The Tube?
Why is the Pink Palace called?
What radio station is broadcast from the Pink Palace?
What is the name of the first full-time community radio station in the area?
What radio station is run by students from both of the city's universities?
How long has Radio Tyneside been the voluntary hospital radio service?
What radio station is based at the Great North Children's Hospital?
Where does NE1fm broadcast?
In what year did Charles Avison die?
What position did Basil Hume hold?
Who was the father of the modern steam railways?
What invention did Sir Joseph Swan invent?
What country was Abhisit Vejjajiva a Prime Minister of?
Hank Marvin and Bruce Welch were both former pupils of what school?
Michael Carrick and Alan Shearer were born in Newcastle?
What award did Peter Higgs win?
What is the most characteristic musical instrument in the region?
Where did John Dunn live and work?
Where is the V&A located?
How many objects does the V&A have?
When was the V&A founded?
What is the name of the Victoria and Albert Museum?
Where is the V&A located?
When was the V&A founded?
Who is the Victoria and Albert Museum named after?
Who sponsors the V&A?
When was the entrance to the V&A free?
How many acres does the V&A cover?
How many galleries does the V&A have?
How many years of art does the V&A's collection span?
What cultures does the V&A's art collection span?
What type of art does the V&A have the world's largest collection of?
What was the origins of the V&A?
Who was the V&A's first director?
What was the V&A originally known as?
Where was the Museum of Manufactures transferred to by September?
Who produced a design for the museum in 1855?
Who opened the museum on June 22, 1857?
When was the official opening of the museum by Queen Victoria?
Who was the first Keeper of Fine Art Collection?
What type of openings were introduced in 1857?
When did the Royal College of Art achieve full independence?
When was the Britain Can Make It exhibition held?
How many visitors attended the Britain Can Make It exhibition?
What was the name of the festival held in 1951?
What was the name of the festival held in 1951?
By what year had most of the collections been returned to the museum?
What did the V&A become the first museum in Britain to present?
What band presented a concert at the V&A in 1973?
Who was the director of the V&A?
Gryphon explored the lineage of what type of music?
The V&A is in discussion with the University of what city?
What is the estimated cost of the V&A Dundee gallery?
Where will the V&A Dundee be located?
What will the V&A Dundee focus on?
How long is the plan for the V&A Dundee to open?
What was the name of the house that occupied the land that was occupied by the museum?
What was the first building to be erected that still forms part of the museum?
Who was the architect of the Sheepshanks Gallery?
What is located on the northern edge of the site?
What does the Secretariat Wing house?
What galleries were completed in 1863?
What style was adopted for the north range of the museum?
Who designed the bronze doors on the north façade of the museum?
Who was the astronomer in the north facade of the museum?
Who was the painter of the museum?
Who designed the Green Dining Room?
Who designed the stained-glass windows in the Green Dining Room?
Who designed the Centre Refreshment Room?
Who designed and sculpted the marble fireplace in the Centre Refreshment Room?
Who designed the Grill Room?
Who was the next architect to work at the museum?
What building was designed to the north west of the garden?
What was the staircase made from?
What do the V&A and the Royal Institute of British Architects hold together?
When did the Sackler Centre for arts education open?
What was used to decorate the east side of the building designed by F. W. Moody?
Who designed the wrought iron gates?
Where are the Cast Courts located?
What was the final part of the museum designed by Scott?
Who designed the exterior mosaic panels in the parapet?
Who designed the main façade?
What is the main façade built from?
How long is the main façade?
The tower above the main entrance has an open work crown surmounted by what?
What rows of windows are interspersed with statues of many of the British artists whose work is displayed in the museum?
Who sculpted Queen Victoria's frame around the arches and entrance?
How many levels of galleries do the façades surround?
Who sculpted Queen Victoria's frame around the arches and entrance?
What material is used in the entrance hall and flanking staircases?
Who appears above the frame around the arches and entrance?
In what building were books first stored in 1966 and 1967?
What wing did the museum acquire in 1974?
What was constructed on the site of the former boiler house?
Who designed the iron gates for the new entrance building?
The new entrance building was constructed on the site of what former boiler house?
What gallery was redesigned in 2002?
What was restored as part of the 2006 renovation?
What is the name of the major redesign of the British Galleries?
What tube station did the tunnel to the subway lead to in 2004?
Who designed the new Medieval and Renaissance galleries?
Who redesigned the central garden?
What was the new name of the central garden?
What shape is the water feature in the John Madejski Garden?
What can the water feature be used for?
What tree is planted in the two corners of the north façade?
When did the V&A open its first permanent gallery in the UK?
Who opened the first permanent gallery in the UK covering the history of architecture?
How many drawings are in the RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection?
What collection was transferred to the V&A with the opening of the new gallery?
How many photographs are in the RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection?
Whose drawings are the largest in the world?
Along with Alick Horsnell, who is a notable British architect?
How many drawings by Andrea Palladio are in the RIBA's collection?
Which British architect is represented in the RIBA collection?
Who is one of the major British architects represented in the RIBA collection?
Where is the facade of Sir Paul Pindar's house dated c1600?
What was Sir Paul Pindar's house a rare survivor of?
When is the facade of Sir Paul Pindar's house dated?
What chateau has a dormer window dated 1523-35?
What is an example of a column in the main architecture gallery?
How many items are on display at the V&A?
When did the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art open?
What is the centerpiece of the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art?
What country is represented in the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art?
When was the Salting Bequest?
How many objects are in the Museum's collections of South and South-East Asian art?
How many textiles are in the Museum's collection?
How many paintings are in the museum's collection?
When did the Jawaharlal Nehru gallery of Indian art open?
Which gallery of Indian art opened in 1991?
How many works of art are in the Far Eastern collections?
What are the countries of East Asia?
What gallery opened in 1991?
When did the T. T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese art open?
What dynasties are most of the art on display at the T. T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese art?
What gallery of Japanese art opened in December 1986?
When did the Toshiba gallery of Japanese art open?
What century is Amida Nyorai's sculpture from?
When are the majority of exhibits at the Toshiba gallery of Japanese art?
What material is Suzuki Chokichi's incense burner?
When was Tibetan art displayed?
Along with Thailand, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, terracotta and ivory, what country has art from the 6th to 19th centuries?
What type of sculptures reflect the influence of India?
What are gleaming boxes inlaid with?
Along with stone, terracotta and combs, what type of art is represented in the galleries?
Who wrote some of the note books in the Codex Forster?
What are the names of the three parchment-bound manuscripts in the Codex Forster?
How many books did Alexander Dyce leave to the museum in 1869?
When did Alexander Dyce leave over 14,000 books to the museum?
In what year did John Forster give over 18,000 books to the museum?
Along with Beatrix Potter, who was a notable writer in the library?
Along with Charles Dickens, what famous author has papers in the library?
When were the illuminated manuscripts in the library?
What is the Armagnac manuscript of?
Who illuminated the 1524 Charter?
What is another name for the National Art Library?
What is the name of the computer system used by the National Art Library from the 1980s to the 1990s?
What does EAD stand for?
When do most of the items in the collection not show up in the computer system?
What is the feature on the Victoria and Albert Museum web-site called?
When did a large scale digitization project begin in the Word and Image Department?
What was the name of the large scale digitization project that began in 2007?
Who did the Factory Project reference?
How many images were taken during the first year of the Factory Project?
What is the second step of the Factory Project?
Who commissioned the work of European artists?
From where are porcelain, cloth and wallpaper imported from?
Who is one designer and artist whose work is on display in the galleries?
Who was a major influence on the Gothic Revival?
What are some imports from Asia?
What led to the production of tea paraphernalia?
What was the emphasis on in the Georgian era?
Who led the backlash against industrialization in the 19th century?
What caused entrepreneurs such as Josiah Wedgwood?
What movement did the backlash against industrialization lead to?
What is a full-scale replica of?
How does the replica of Trajan's Column fit under the ceiling?
What is the name of Michelangelo's work?
What are the casts of in the Cast Courts?
How is the Verrocchio replica displayed?
When was the Meissen Vulture created?
Who designed the Möllendorff Dinner Service?
When was the Möllendorff Dinner Service designed?
When was the Salting Bequest made?
What did the Salting Bequest enrich the museum's stock of?
Who are some famous potters represented in the collection?
Where is the collection of Delftware produced?
What are the largest objects in the collection?
What are the largest objects in the collection?
Where were the largest objects in the collection made?
How many years of glass making does the glass collection cover?
How many items are in the glass collection?
Where does the earliest glassware on display come from?
Who is a notable Art Deco glass artist?
Who created Art Nouveau glass?
When was the main gallery redesigned?
Who created the glass balustrade on the staircase and mezzanine?
When did the gallery covering contemporary glass open?
Who created the chandelier in the rotunda at the Museum's main entrance?
What century is the Luck of Edenhall?
How many British and 2,000 old master works are in the collection?
How many old master works are in the collection?
Who is one of the artists represented in the collection?
Which artist is represented in the collection of drawings?
Who is one of the artists represented in the collection?
How many outfits are in the costume collection?
What department typically holds costume sketches and design notebooks?
Why is the collection dominated by fashionable clothes made for special occasions?
In what year did the V&A receive the Talbot Hughes collection?
Who gave the Talbot Hughes collection to the V&A in 1913?
When did the Museum acquire the Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes?
Whose costumes did the Museum acquire in 2002?
How many Vivienne Westwood costumes did the Museum acquire in 2002?
Whose collection of Vivienne Westwood costumes did the Museum acquire in 2002?
The museum continues to acquire examples of what type of fashion to add to the collection?
What types of objects are in the Soulages collection?
When was the Soulages collection acquired?
What was left to the museum in 1882?
When was the John Jones Collection of French 18th-century art and furnishings left to the museum?
How much was the John Jones Collection worth?
What year are the doors attributed to Hans Vredeman de Vries?
Who is credited with a set of beautiful inlaid doors from Antwerp City Hall?
When is the Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet dated?
Where is the Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet dated c1750 from?
Along with Le Corbusier, Marcel Breuer, and Gi Ponti, who is a modernist in the collection?
How many items are in the jewellery collection?
From what time period does the museum's jewellery collection begin?
When was Reverend Chauncy Hare Townshend's collection of 154 gems bequeathed?
How many gems were bequeathed to the museum in 1869?
Who funded the new jewellery gallery?
What two categories is the collection divided into?
When was the earliest known piece of English silver with a dated hallmark?
How many tonnes is the Hereford Screen?
Who designed the Hereford Screen?
How many objects are in the Hereford Screen collection?
When is the Gloucester Candlestick dated?
What is the Gloucester Candlestick made from?
Whose relics are in the Becket Casket?
When is the Becket Casket dated?
What is the Becket Casket made from?
How many names were on the Parliamentary website?
Who answered Chris Smith's question about the Musical Instruments gallery?
Who hosted a joint exhibition with the V&A of musical instruments?
How many instruments did the Horniman borrow from the museum?
When did the Musical Instruments gallery close?
How many British oil paintings are in the museum's collection?
How many European oil paintings are in the museum's collection?
How many British watercolours are in the collection?
Who loaned the Raphael Cartoons to the museum?
Who painted the Spanish tempera on wood?
In what year did John Sheepshanks donate 233 paintings to the museum?
How many paintings did John Sheepshanks donate to the museum in 1857?
What was the purpose of John Sheepshank's donation to the museum?
What was the name of the 1821 full size oil sketch?
John Sheepshanks donated 233 paintings to the museum by whom?
Where are the French paintings and miniatures displayed?
What is the name of François Boucher's portrait dated 1758?
What is an example of a French painting that was part of the Jones bequest of 1882?
What was the name of the portrait of François Clouet?
Whose photographs of Animal Locomotion are in the museum's collection?
When were Muybridge's photographs of Animal Locomotion taken?
How many plates are in the collection of Eadweard Muybridge's photographs of Animal Locomotion?
What do the photographs of Animal Locomotion capture?
Whose society portraits are in the museum?
The sculpture collection at the V&A is the most comprehensive holding of what type of sculpture in the world?
How many objects are in the V&A's sculpture collection?
How long is the period of the V&A's sculpture collection?
What uses of sculpture are represented?
Who owns Canova's The Three Graces?
What is the name of Bernini's work?
What is the largest item from Italy?
Who designed the Chancel Chapel from Santa Chiara Florence?
When was the Chancel Chapel from Santa Chiara Florence dated?
How many works of Rodin's are in the museum collection?
Whose work does the museum have one of the largest collections of outside of France?
In what year was Rodin's work given to the museum?
In what war did Britain support France?
What statue was purchased in 1902 by public subscription?
Which sculptor is on display in the British Galleries?
Which sculptor is on display in the British Galleries?
Which sculptor is in the British Galleries?
Nicholas Stone and Grinling Gibbons were sculptors of what nationality?
Who opened the sculpture galleries in 2006?
What year did the Dorothy and Michael Hintze sculpture galleries extend the chronology of the works on display up to?
How are the galleries overlooking the garden arranged?
Whose works are now on view at the Dorothy and Michael Hintze galleries?
What museum loaned works from Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein?
How many examples are in the collection of textiles?
What continents are represented in the collection of textiles?
How long have the textiles been in the collection?
Where is the largest collection of textiles in the world?
How are textiles classified?
What is the oldest known surviving European tapestry?
In what century were the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries woven?
Where were the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries woven?
What do the four Devonshire Hunting Tapestries depict?
Who was the leading English tapestry manufactory in the late 17th and early 18th century?
When was the Sicilian Tristan Quilt created?
Who designed the Tristan Quilt?
When was 'The Forest' tapestry created?
Who designed the rugs and fabrics in the art deco period?
Who designed a rug from the art deco period?
What was the previous name of the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries?
When did the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries open?
What does the V&A hold the UK's biggest national collection of?
The V&A holds the UK's biggest national collection of material about live performance in the UK since what day?
What are the collections of the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries available for?
What is responsible for the long-term preservation of the collections?
What do conservators control in the museum environment?
What type of conservation involves cleaning and reintegration to strengthen fragile objects?
What is the name of the museum holding the V&A's collection?
What type of conservation includes performing surveys, assessments and providing advice on the handling of items?
What company is the Disney-ABC Television Group a subsidiary of?
In what year was the American Broadcasting Company founded?
Where is the network headquartered?
Where is the American Broadcasting Company headquartered?
What division of The Walt Disney Company is the Disney-ABC Television Group a subsidiary of?
When did ABC first launch?
What was ABC originally launched as?
When did ABC extend its operations to television?
What cable sports channel did ABC purchase an 80% interest in in the 1980s?
What company did ABC merge with in the 1980s?
How many affiliated television stations does ABC have?
Who purchased ABC Radio properties in 2007?
How many owned-and-operated television stations does ABC have?
Who imposes simultaneous substitution regulations on ABC?
Who purchased ABC Radio properties in 2007?
What was RCA?
What were the names of the two radio networks owned by RCA?
Where did NBC Red serve?
What type of programming did the NBC Blue Network test?
What network was created in 1927?
Who filed a complaint with the FCC in 1934?
When did the FCC begin investigations into the practices of radio networks?
When did the FCC publish its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs?
What was the principal radio network in the United States at the time?
What network did RCA use to eliminate any hint of competition?
Who did RCA give the mandate to sell NBC Blue?
What network did RCA convert into an independent subsidiary?
What investment firm offered $7.5 million to buy NBC Blue?
Who was the president of RCA?
How much did Dillon, Read & Co. offer to buy NBC Blue?
What did Edward John Noble own?
When was the transaction authorized?
Who did Noble acquire the rights to the "American Broadcasting Company" name from?
What position did Woods hold at ABC until 1949?
When did Woods leave ABC?
What device did ABC use to pre-record its programming?
Who conducted the symphony performances on ABC?
What network became an aggressive competitor to NBC and CBS?
Who was an example of a big name that ABC was able to attract with the help of the Magnetophon tape recorder?
What tradition did NBC Blue have?
How much did Disney pay for its stake in Eurosport in June 2000?
What was the name of ABC's free-to-air channel in the United Kingdom?
When did Disney discontinue ABC1?
What channel was discontinued after ABC1 was shut down?
In what country is ABC broadcast?
In what year was program syndication completed?
What technology ended the need for ABC to hold interests in other countries?
Where did ABC sell its interests in international networks in the 1970s?
What did many governments want to strengthen?
What was ABC's first international activity?
Where did Leonard Goldenson invest in broadcasting properties in the mid-1960s?
What network did Goldenson buy a 5% stake in in 1951?
What was one of the reasons CBS and NBC were unable to cover the coronation live?
What was the reason CBS and NBC were unable to broadcast the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II?
What television specials does ABC broadcast?
What awards does ABC have broadcast rights to?
In what year was A Charlie Brown Christmas broadcast?
What awards does ABC currently hold broadcast rights to?
What is one of the Peanuts specials broadcast annually by ABC?
When did ABC first broadcast Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve?
Who was Dick Clark's successor?
In what year did ABC broadcast the Miss America pageant?
Where is Dick Clark's countdown from?
What cable channel took over the television rights for the Miss America pageant in 2006?
What is the longest-running entertainment program in the history of the ABC network?
When did CBS cancel The Edge of Night?
What soap opera was aired on ABC for the last nine years?
What are the two talk shows on ABC's daytime schedule?
When did General Hospital first air?
What weekend event is not broadcast by ESPN?
When did ESPN take over ABC's sports division?
When is sports programming available on weekend afternoons?
What NBA game does ABC air on Sundays?
What tournaments does ABC air highlight compilation programs for during the summer?
Who was ABC's vice-president of engineering in 1947?
What channels did Frank Marx think would be requisitioned from broadcasting use and reallocated for the U.S. Army?
In what year did ABC submit five applications for television station licenses?
What channel did ABC want its stations to broadcast on?
How many television stations were there before the 1952 freeze?
How many major cities had television stations before the 1952 freeze?
What was the name of ABC's third rival?
Which two competing networks did ABC have less coverage than?
Who forced UPT to become an independent entity?
What company did UPT separate itself from?
How many full-time affiliates did ABC have?
Who did a rumor say ABC would be sold to in 1951?
Who loaned Noble $5 million to prevent ABC from going bankrupt?
Who was the president of UPT in 1951?
Who was the founder of CBS?
When was the tentative agreement approved by UPT's board of directors?
When did the FCC release its Sixth Report and Order?
When did the FCC approve UPT's purchase of ABC?
What was the merged company renamed?
Where was American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc. headquartered?
When did WJZ-TV sign on to the air?
When did the FCC freeze on new station applications?
Where would ABC build a transmitter?
What was the name of ABC's investment in Hollywood?
When did ABC premiere The Flintstones?
What decade was marked by the rise of family-oriented series?
Who starred in the animated series The Flintstones?
What decade was marked by the rise of family-oriented series?
In what year did Walt Disney Productions buy ABC's shares in Disneyland?
Who approached Walt Disney to produce color broadcasts of his anthology series?
When did ABC's television contract for Walt Disney Presents expire?
When did ABC resume its relationship with Disney?
What was the name of ABC's web-based campaign in 2000?
Who did ABC hire to design and produce its 2001-02 identity?
What color was used in the ABC logo in 2001-02?
What is another name for the circle logo?
Who designed the ABC graphical identity in 1998?
In what year did ABC stop using four-note jingles for promotions and production company vanity cards?
What was the new four-note theme tune based on?
Where is the old four-note theme tune still used?
When did the ABC logo first appear as a bug?
When did the ABC logo first appear on-screen?
In what year did ABC's logo appear in a gold CGI design on a blue background?
What was the slogan for ABC's 40th anniversary?
In what year was the ABC Circle ID sequence created?
What was the background color of the ABC Circle ID sequence?
What type of letters did the ABC Circle logo have?
Who redesigned the ABC logo in 1962?
What typeface are the letters of the ABC logo reminiscent of?
Who designed the Bauhaus typeface?
When did ABC's new logo debut on-air?
What was Disney-ABC rumored to be considering a sale of?
When did ABC announce the restructuring of the group into six divisions?
How many divisions did ABC restructure in 2005?
In what year did ABC's average viewership decline by ten ratings points?
Along with Desperate Housewives, Lost and Dancing with the Stars, what series helped ABC gain popularity?
Who was named president of ABC parent Disney-ABC Television Group?
ABC Sports and ESPN signed an eight-year broadcast rights agreement with what sport?
In what year did ABC's affiliates approve a two-year affiliate agreement?
Who was Disney's Chairman/CEO in September of 2002?
What was ABC's first hit reality series?
What was the name of ABC's spinoff of The Bachelor?
Who removed ABC owned-and-operated stations from the cable provider's systems on April 30, 2000?
What network filed an emergency petition to the Federal Communications Commission?
What network filed an emergency petition to the Federal Communications Commission?
When did the FCC order Time Warner Cable to restore ABC stations?
What year saw the end of TGIF?
Where did Sabrina, the Teenage Witch move to?
What network lost Step by Step in the 1997-98 season?
When did ABC premiere Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Who hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Who relaunched Millionaire as a syndicated program?
Who was the original host of Millionaire?
When did The Walt Disney Company announce a merger with Capital Cities/ABC?
What did Disney rename its new subsidiary after the merger?
Who sold ABC's newspapers to on April 4?
Who took the place of Thomas S. Murphy as president and CEO?
What ABC sitcom was created by Aaron Sorkin?
When did color become the dominant format for the three broadcast television networks?
Where did ABC rank in 1965-66?
What was the title of Goldenson's 1991 book?
When did ABC's New York City flagship stations change their callsigns to WABC, WABC-FM and WABC-TV?
Where did ABC's flagship stations move their operations to?
Where was WJZ reassigned to ABC in 1959?
Who was appointed president of ABC in 1950?
What network did Goldenson propose a merger with in 1954?
What was the new name of ABC-DuMont?
How much money would DuMont have received as a result of the merger?
What company was UPT a subsidiary of?
What was the name of ABC's flagship production at the time?
What was the longest-running prime time comedy in U.S. television history?
What film was adapted from the 1947 film Wyoming Kid?
What was a remake of the 1954 film The Boy from Oklahoma?
Who was the most iconic of ABC's relationships with Hollywood producers?
What was the name of the television series that showcased some of Warner's most successful films?
Who was Walt Disney's brother?
How much did Walt Disney want ABC to invest in Disneyland?
When did ABC agree to finance Disneyland?
What project did ABC finance in exchange for producing a television program for the network?
Who spearheaded ABC Radio's special programming project for its FM stations?
Who was the president of ABC Radio?
What concept was launched on ABC's seven owned-and-operated FM stations in late November 1968?
How many owned-and-operated FM stations did ABC have?
In what year did ABC launch the Movie of the Week?
What was Steven Spielberg's 1971 film called?
When was Steven Spielberg's film Duel released?
What was the average budget for a movie produced for the Movie of the Week?
When did ABC complete its transition to color?
Who became the first place network in the 1970s?
What did ABC begin to use to better determine what types of sponsors to sell advertising slots to?
What game did ABC debut in 1970?
When did Sunday Night Football take over as the league's marquee game?
What network took over as the league's marquee game in 2006?
What audience share did Monday Night Football help ABC score?
When did the FCC vote to pass the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules?
In what year did ABC split into two separate companies?
What was the name of the company that would produce and distribute programming for U.S. syndication?
What did the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act ban?
When did the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act take effect?
Who bought ABC Great States in 1974?
Who was named President and Chief Operating Officer of ABC on January 17, 1972?
When did Michael Eisner join ABC?
What was the name of the show that originated as a segment on the anthology series Love, American Style?
What was Eisner's main credit at ABC?
What company did Eisner join in 1976?
Who was the president of ABC Television in 1975?
Who was the first president and director of programming of ABC Entertainment?
What detective series did ABC premiere in 1974?
When did Good Morning America debut?
What position did Silverman hold after leaving ABC?
What was the name of the spin-off series Happy Days?
What was the trend in the 1970s known as?
Whose novel was Roots based on?
Who produced the comedy-drama anthology The Love Boat?
How long did The Love Boat last?
During what season did the network take first place in the ratings for the first time?
What was the first show to feature an openly gay main character?
Who was named president of ABC News in 1977?
What was Roone Arledge also president of?
What is the name of the building that was built in its place?
When were the two new buildings completed?
When was 20/20 created?
Who was the anchor of 20/20?
Who was Hugh Downs' former colleague?
Who did ABC sell its recording division to in 1979?
What was the name of ABC's 24-hour news channel?
What was the name of ABC's 24-hour news channel?
What was the name of ABC's Flint, Michigan affiliate?
What station did ABC buy in Toledo, Ohio?
What strike halted production of network programs for much of the 2007-08 season?
What was one of ABC's strike-replacement programs?
What company was rumored to be selling ABC stations?
What division did Disney-ABC Television Group merge with ABC Studios?
What was the name of the new division that Disney-ABC merged ABC Entertainment and ABC Studios into?
What did Citadel Communications rebrand ABC Radio as?
On what platform will individual episodes of ABC and Disney Channel be available for purchase?
When did the network begin to run into trouble in the ratings?
In what year did Lost debut?
What day was Ugly Betty moved to?
On what day was Ugly Betty moved to?
When did the FCC impose its fin-syn rules?
What company did ABC create as a syndication distributor?
What was the name of ABC's production company?
Who did Worldvision sell parts of its catalog to in 1990?
What network handles domestic television distribution?
What was Disney-ABC Domestic Television formerly known as?
What was Disney-ABC International Television formerly known as?
What library is also part of the library?
What are the first two stations to carry ABC's programming?
How many owned-and-operated stations did ABC have as of March 2015?
How many additional television stations does ABC have affiliation agreements with?
What is the national reach of ABC?
When was ABC's first logo introduced?
What was the new ABC logo based on?
In what year did ABC begin color broadcasts?
When was Supernanny cancelled?
What was the only program on Supernanny that was broadcast in 4:3 standard definition?
What format has all of the network's programming been presented in since January 2012?
What was the first children's program block on any U.S. broadcast network to feature programs in HD?
What is the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company's U.S. television properties?
What is the native resolution format for ABC's programming?
How many affiliates of Hearst Television carry ABC's feed in 480i standard definition?
What is the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company's U.S. television properties?
What was the only drama renewed for a second season?
What was the only drama to earn a second season on ABC?
Who did ABC outrate for third place in 2010-11?
What was the name of ABC's only drama renewal?
What soap operas were canceled by ABC on April 14, 2011?
Who sold the rights to All My Children and One Life to Live?
Where did Prospect Park revive All My Children and One Life to Live?
What was the name of the talk/lifestyle show that replaced One Life to Live?
What demographic did ABC drop to in 2011-12?
In what year did NBC finish in first place in the 18-49 demographic?
Who did NBC finish second in total viewership?
Along with The Goldbergs and Resurrection, what was a new hit for ABC in 2013-14?
What show was canceled in the 2013-14 season?
What were the names of the two family sitcoms that anchored ABC's Wednesday comedy lineup?
Shark Tank was based on what reality format?
On what day did Shark Tank become a midseason sleeper hit?
Who starred in the sitcom Last Man Standing?
Who departed from Capital Cities/ABC in February 1994?
Who took over as president of ABC in 1994?
What was the name of the police procedural from Steven Bochco?
Who created NYPD Blue?
How long did NYPD Blue last?
When did the FCC repeal the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules?
What French animation studio did Capital Cities/ABC purchase in 1993?
Who did Capital Cities/ABC sign an agreement with to carry its owned-and-operated television stations in ABC O&O markets?
What was ABC's viewership share in 1993?
What radio station did ABC purchase in 1960?
When did WLS launch a new lineup consisting of ABC Radio programming?
Who was a Canadian entrepreneur in 1960?
What station did Leonard Goldenson acquire a 25% interest in?
What was the name of ABC's anthology series?
Who created Wide World of Sports?
Who was the executive producer of Wide World of Sports?
What was the name of Edgar Scherick's company?
What was the corporate entity renamed as in 1965?
What was the name of the pioneer series in the blind date genre?
What series followed The Dating Game?
Where was ABC's new headquarters located?
How much of all prime-time television viewership in the U.S. was ABC in 1980?
What was the name of the ABC flagship series in 1981?
What was the name of the Happy Days spinoff?
What was the name of the cable channel launched by ABC in 1981?
Who did ABC sell KXYZ to in 1983?
Who obtained an 80% stake in ESPN?
What was the competitor to ARTS called?
What was the name of the cable channel that ABC and Hearst agreed to merge into?
Who did Thomas S. Murphy delegate his position as president to in 1990?
What position did Thomas S. Murphy hold on ABC in 1990?
How much revenue did Capital Cities/ABC report in 1990?
What was the longest-running prime time entertainment program in ABC's history?
What was the name of ABC's 1991 sitcom starring Tim Allen?
What soap opera is featured on ABC News?
What are the two talk/lifestyle shows on ABC?
When is Good Morning America on ABC?
What is the name of the weeknight talk show Live!?
What are the only states where ABC does not have a locally licensed affiliate?
What is the name of ABC's low-power station in Birmingham, Alabama?
What is the name of the station in South Bend, Indiana?
What is the name of the station in Lima, Ohio?
Who produced ABC's television series in 1962?
What was Touchstone reorganized as in February 2007?
What is the former name of the Prospect Studios?
What is the name of ABC's production facility in New York City?
What studio is owned by ABC?
What shows are broadcast from the Times Square Studios?
What was the block of West End Avenue renamed in 2006?
What television show did Peter Jennings anchor?
What is the name of ABC's traditional VOD service?
What streaming service is the Walt Disney Company a part of?
When did Hulu begin offering full-length episodes of most of ABC's programming?
How much ownership did Disney acquire in Hulu?
When are the most recent episodes of ABC usually made available on WATCH ABC, Hulu and ABC on Demand?
How many days after their initial broadcast did Disney-ABC Television Group restrict streaming of the most recent episode of any ABC program on Hulu and WATCH ABC?
What does ABC on Demand disallow?
When did Disney-ABC Television Group restrict streaming of the most recent episode of any ABC program?
Who overhauled ABC's identity?
How many variants of the ABC logo are used on-air, online, and in print advertising?
What is the new custom typeface for ABC?
What network uses a red version of the ABC logo?
How many primary affiliates did ABC have in 1954?
How many affiliates did ABC have?
What act mandated the inclusion of UHF tuning?
What did the All-Channel Receiver Act mandate?
Where was WKST-TV located?
How much lower viewership did ABC's programming have compared to its competitors?
What station in Wheeling, West Virginia began airing ABC programming on a digital subchannel in the 2000s?
When did some small markets have to wait to support a full-time ABC affiliate?
What was the Disneyland anthology series renamed to?
Who pitched The Untouchables to CBS in 1958?
Why did CBS reject The Untouchables?
When did ABC debut The Untouchables?
What was the name of the movie that ABC launched in 1962?
What was ABC's total revenue in 1962?
What animated series did ABC follow up The Flintstones with?
What was the first television series to be broadcast in color on the network?
When did ABC debut General Hospital?
What company did Goldenson announce a merger with on December 7, 1965?
Who was the head antitrust regulator for the US Department of Justice?
Who was Donald F. Turner's head antitrust regulator?
On what date was the merger officially canceled?
What company did Thomas S. Murphy work for?
How much did Capital Cities pay for ABC?
Who promised that Berkshire Hathaway would purchase $3 million in shares?
Who did Capital Cities sell WFTS-TV to?
How many television stations did the FCC allow broadcasters to own?
When did the merger between ABC and Capital Cities receive federal approval?
What was the combined company of ABC and Capital Cities known as?
What position did Frederick S. Pierce hold?
Who became vice president of ABC Broadcasting?
Who became president of ABC News and ABC Sports?
What ABC show ended its run in 1983?
What show produced a short-lived spinoff in 1984?
What network regained the lead among the Big Three networks in 1984?
What ABC show ended its run in 1986?
What did ABC refocus on in the mid-1980s?
What was the name of the block that ABC introduced in 1989?
What did the "TGIF" block stand for?
Who produced many of the TGIF series?
What company was Miller-Boyett Productions a part of?
How many radio stations did ABC own in 1968?
What was the name of the first picture released by ABC Pictures?
Who directed Charly?
When was ABC Motion Pictures dissolved?
Where was ABC Marine World located?
What types of programming did ABC have that met the expectations of the public?
How much did ABC's advertising revenues increase between 1953 and 1958?
How much of the U.S. population did ABC have between 1953 and 1958?
Who was the president of ABC in 1957?
Who was the host of American Bandstand?
What was ABC's philosophy against its competitors?
What was the name of the action series on ABC?
Who criticized the public's enthusiasm and sponsorship for short 66-minute series in May 1961?
What type of shows did ABC's defeat NBC and CBS in the fall of 1959?
What was the name of ABC's streaming service?
What were the first stations to offer streams of their programming on the WatchESPN service?
Who reached a deal to offer streams of its ABC affiliates on the service?
What service is similar to ESPN's?
Who is the largest operator of ABC stations by numerical total?
What is the largest ABC subchannel affiliate by market size?
Who is the largest operator of ABC stations in terms of overall market reach?
How many ABC affiliates does the Sinclair Broadcast Group own?
How many ABC-affiliated stations does the E. W. Scripps Company own?
What was the name of ABC's new imaging campaign for the 2007-08 season?
Who developed the on-air design for "Start Here"?
What did red ribbons represent?
What was the blue ribbon used for?
What are the two affiliates of WTSP in Tampa, Florida?
What are the two affiliates of WTSP in Kansas City?
What are the two affiliates of WTSP in Grand Rapids?
Who was Tampa's primary ABC affiliate prior to 1994?
What empire was founded by Genghis Khan?
Who did Genghis Khan unite?
Where were the most civilians massacred?
By the end of Genghis Khan's life, what did the Mongol Empire occupy?
What dynasties did the Mongols invade?
Who did Genghis Khan assign as his successor?
When did Genghis Khan die?
What region did Genghis Khan defeat?
Who did Genghis Khan split his empire into?
Where was Genghis Khan buried?
Where was Temüjin born?
Who was Temüjin's father?
When was Temüjin born?
Who was Temüjin named after?
What was the name of Temüjin's sister?
What were the names of Temüjin's three brothers?
What was the name of Temüjin's wife?
What tribe was Börte a member of?
Who was the head of the new household in Mongolia?
Who was Temujin's older half-brother?
Who was Temujin's mother?
Who killed their half-brother Begter?
When did Temujin's resentment erupt?
Who enslaved Temüjin?
How did the Tayichi'ud enslave Temüjin?
Who became a general of Genghis Khan?
Who joined forces with Temüjin?
Where did Temüjin hide in the middle of the night?
What was often used to solidify temporary alliances?
Who taught Temüjin many lessons about the unstable political climate of Mongolia?
Who interfered in the political climate of Mongolia?
What did Temüjin's mother teach him about the unstable political climate of Mongolia?
What tribe did Börte belong to?
Who kidnapped Börte?
Who helped Temüjin rescue Börte?
What was the name of Temüjin's son?
When was Jochi born?
How many more sons did Börte have?
What was the name of Börte's son?
When did Börte's son Chagatai die?
What was the name of Börte's son?
How many daughters were known to have been born to Genghis Khan's consorts?
What does anda mean?
Who was Temüjin's father's anda?
What tribe was Toghrul a Khan of?
How many Keraite warriors did Toghrul offer to Temüjin?
Who was Temüjin's childhood friend?
What did Jamukha support?
Who proclamed that the Eternal Blue Sky had set aside the world for Temüjin?
When was Temüjin elected khan of the Mongols?
In what battle was Temüjin beaten?
Where was Toghrul exiled?
What rule of law did Temüjin use?
What did Temüjin promise to civilians and soldiers?
Who did Temüjin have his mother adopt?
What did Temüjin take over the conquered tribe?
Who was the eldest son of Temüjin?
Who did Toghrul ally with?
Who did Toghrul ally with?
What tribe was disbanded after the defeat of Jamukha?
Who was the next direct threat to Temüjin?
In what year did a khuruldai elect Jamukha as Gür Khan?
What does Gür Khan mean?
Who was Jelme's younger brother?
When was Jamukha turned over to Temüjin?
What did Temüjin offer to Jamukha?
Why did Temüjin kill the men who betrayed Jamukha?
What did Jamukha request from Temüjin?
How does Jamukha die without spilling blood?
From whom did Genghis Khan get ideas for siege warfare?
Who did Genghis Khan's allies want to be a ruler of Mongol tribes?
Who was Genghis Khan's brother?
What was the name of Genghis Khan's spy network?
Who was Genghis Khan's father's ally?
By what year had Temüjin managed to unite or subdue the Merkits, Naimans, Mongols, Keraites, Tatars, Uyghurs?
What was the name of the council of Mongol chiefs?
What title was given to Genghis after his death?
Who was the son of Genghis Khan?
What is a Khuruldai?
What dynasty did Genghis Khan plan to conquer in 1211?
What was the name of the messenger that the Jin commander sent to the Mongols?
In what year did Genghis capture Zhongdu?
Where did Emperor Xuanzong move his capital south?
Who was the third son of Genghis?
Who was the deposed Khan of the Naiman confederation?
The Western Liao was originally established as remnants of what dynasty?
How many soldiers did Genghis send against Kuchlug?
Who was known as "The Arrow"?
What was Jebe's nickname?
What were the Mongols forced to do among Kuchlug's supporters?
Where was Kuchlug's army defeated?
Where did the Mongol Empire extend as far west as?
What is another name for the Khwarezmia?
What was the Khwarezmia?
Who governed the Khwarazmian dynasty?
Who was the governor of Otrar?
Who was beheaded?
How many soldiers did Genghis Khan organize?
What road did Genghis Khan use to trade with Khwarezmia?
What mountains did Genghis Khan's army cross?
How many groups were the Mongol army divided into?
To what part of Khwarzemia did the second division march?
Who led the third division?
Where did the first division attack?
What was decisive in Khwarezmia's defeats?
What town did the Mongols seize?
What did Genghis Khan pour into Inalchuq's ears and eyes?
What did the Shah do after the battle?
Who did Genghis Khan order to hunt down the Shah?
What was the capital of the Khwarezmid Empire?
Where was the capital moved after Samarkand fell?
What did Genghis Khan divert through the Khwarezmid emperor's birthplace?
What did the Mongols use as body shields?
What did Genghis do to his surrender terms?
What was raised as a symbol of victory?
What did the leaders of Bukhara do to the Mongols?
Who held the city's citadel for another twelve days?
Who were sent back to Mongolia?
What did Genghis Khan declare he was?
Who was drafted into the Mongolian army?
When was the Khwarezmian Empire defeated?
Who suggested that the Mongol army be split into two forces?
Where did the Mongols overwintered?
What river did Subutai's forces defeat the larger Kievan force in 1223?
Who led the 80,000 Kievan Rus' troops?
Who was Genghis Khan's grandson?
Along with Batu, who led the Mongols to conquer Volga Bulgaria and Kievan Rus?
Who led the famous cavalry expedition?
In what year did the Mongols return to Mongolia?
When did Jebe die?
When did Genghis Khan begin a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts?
When did Genghis Khan take Xiliang-fu?
Who did one of the Tangut generals challenge to a battle near Helan Mountains?
What river did Genghis cross to defeat the Tangut relief army?
What did Genghis Khan see in Lingzhou?
What was the capital of the Tangut?
Who died from wounds received from arrows in battle?
What did Ma Jianlong die from?
Where did Genghis Khan go after conquering Deshun?
How did Genghis Khan order the entire Tangut family to be executed?
Who was Genghis' oldest son?
Who voiced the issue over Jochi's paternity most strongly?
What event caused Chagatai to declare he would never accept Jochi as Genghis Khan's successor?
Who was appointed as Genghis Khan's successor?
Who were the two sons of Genghis Khan?
Who was considered unstable due to his temper and rash behavior?
Who was Genghis Khan's youngest son?
Who did Genghis Khan decide to give the throne to?
In what year did Jochi die?
Where did Jochi remain after his brothers heeded the order from Genghis Khan?
What area did the quarrel between Jochi and his brothers arise from?
Who was killed in 1223?
Why is the accuracy of Juzjani's story questionable?
What was the capital of Western Xia?
What did Genghis Khan fall from his horse while doing?
What weapon did Marco Polo say killed Genghis Khan?
What was the capital of Yinchuan?
Who did the Mongols believe invented the dagger?
How was Genghis Khan buried?
Where did Genghis Khan's body go after his death?
What river is believed to be near Genghis Khan's birthplace?
What is the name of Genghis Khan's memorial?
What is another name for the Lord's Enclosure?
What was the name of the Buddhist monastery where the mausoleum remained for ten years?
Where was the mausoleum moved to in 1949?
When were Genghis Khan's bier and relics returned to the Lord's Enclosure?
Who destroyed the mausoleum in 1968?
When was Genghis Khan's palace discovered?
What was diverted over Genghis Khan's grave to make it impossible to find?
What two Sumerian kings buried Genghis Khan?
Who stampeded over Genghis Khan's grave?
Who created the Yassa?
What was the civilian and military code of the Mongol Empire called?
What was the Mongol Empire's approach grounded in?
Who was the exception to the rule of meritocracy in the Mongol Empire?
Who was a notable Khan of the Mongol Empire?
What were there for religious figures?
Who converted to Nestorian Christianity?
What did the Mongol tradition hold about religion?
What were the religions of various Mongol tribes?
Who was briefly in charge of the Mongol Empire?
What is the alleged policy of encouraging trade and communication called?
What is an example of a sedentary people?
What did Genghis Khan hope to establish in his civil state?
Who was a lineal descendant of Khitan rulers?
Why could administrators not be found among the Mongol people?
Who did Chu'Tsai work for?
Who was Chu'Tsai a descendant of?
Who did Genghis Khan put absolute trust in?
Where was the capital of the Mongol Empire?
Who was a trusted lieutenant?
Who were allowed to pursue the Great Raid into the Caucasus and Kievan Rus?
What did Genghis Khan expect from his generals?
What resources did the Mongol military divert from cities and towns?
What ethnicities were used by the Mongols in siege warfare?
What was a common tactic of the Mongol military to break enemy formations?
What did the Mongols do to enemy prisoners?
Where did the Mongol Empire extend from the Caspian Sea to?
Where did the Mongol Empire extend from at the time of Genghis Khan's death?
Who was Genghis' successor?
When did the Mongol war end?
What is Genghis Khan credited with bringing under one cohesive political environment?
Where is Genghis Khan looked on as a great military leader?
What was Genghis Khan's attitude to religions?
What happened to communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia?
When did the memory of Genghis Khan with the Mongolian national identity have a powerful revival?
What is Genghis Khan regarded positively for by Mongolians?
What do Mongolians refer to themselves as?
What is there a chasm in the perception of Genghis Khan?
How do Mongolians view historical records written by non-Mongolians?
What is the Mongolian name for Genghis Khan?
Who's name and likeness are endorsed on products, streets, buildings, and other places?
What is Mongolia's main international airport named?
Why have discussions been held about regulating the use of Genghis Khan's name and image?
Where is Mongolia's main international airport?
What is the name of the first written Mongolian law?
What illegal matters did the Ikh Zasag law punish?
Who was the President of Mongolia during Genghis Khan's time?
What script did Genghis Khan introduce?
Where is there a monument and buildings about Genghis Khan?
What is the population of the Inner Mongolia region?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
What dynasty is often credited with re-uniting China?
Who was Kublai Khan?
In what country was Genghis Khan condemned as a genocidal warlord?
How much of the Iranian Plateau was killed by the Mongols?
How many people were killed by the Mongols in Iran?
Who was the descendant of Ghazan Khan?
Who halted Hulagu Khan's forces?
Who was the descendant of Hulagu Khan?
In what year did Batu Khan invade Kievan Rus?
What were the only two major cities destroyed by the Mongols?
Who patronized the legacies of Genghis Khan and Timur?
Who did the Mughal emperors patronize?
Attar of what city was a notable historical figure?
What Mongolian and Turkic word did the Mongols call Lake Baikal?
What lake was called tenggis by the Mongols?
What does Zhèng mean?
What would have received the Mongolian adjectival modifier -s?
What is the Mongolian pronunciation of "Jenggis" likely to have closely matched?
What Mongolian language is Genghis Khan spelled in?
What is the Turkic name for Genghis Khan?
What is the pinyin name for Genghis Khan?
What languages are used for Genghis Khan?
What is the pinyin name for Genghis Khan?
Where is the word pharmacy derived from?
What did the pharma sell in addition to medicines?
What do the Greek roots of the word pharma imply?
What would the term apothecary be seen as in English?
What did the pharmas also use?
What are pharmacists?
What do pharmacists ensure for their patients?
What do pharmacists play an important role in?
What are pharmacists also known as?
What do pharmacists have?
Who supervises a pharmacy technician?
What is the governing body for pharmacy health care professionals?
What does the GPhC do?
What is a Pharmacy Technician in the UK considered to be?
What is the responsibility of a PhT in the UK?
What is Pedanius Dioscorides famous for?
What was the Latin translation of 'Concerning medical substances'?
What term was coined for De Materia Medica?
Who was one of the men studying the medicinal properties of plants in Ancient Greece?
Who built on the Latin translation of De Materia Medica?
What was the status of pharmacists in Japan at the end of the Asuka and Nara periods?
How was the place of pharmacists in society defined?
Where were ranked positions established?
How were pharmacists ranked in the pre-Heian Imperial court?
How was the pharmacist ranked in the Imperial household?
What advances in the Middle East led to the development of pharmacology?
Who promoted the use of chemical compounds?
Who pioneered the preparation of medicines by sublimation and distillation?
Who wrote The foundations of the true properties of Remedies?
What did Al-Muwaffaq make clear distinction between?
In what year did the Franciscan monastery open?
Where was the oldest pharmacy claimed to have been set up in 1221?
What is located in the Church of Santa Maria Novella?
What does the Esteve Pharmacy keep?
When was the oldest pharmacy claimed to have been set up?
What is the dispensary subject to in most countries?
Where did pharmacists once stay?
Pharmacy technicians are now more dependent on what to assist them in their new role dealing with patients' prescriptions and patient safety issues?
What are pharmacy technicians now more dependent upon automation to assist them in their new role dealing with?
What requirements are specified in legislation?
What is a residency in a specific area called?
What do clinical pharmacists specialize in?
What is one of the reasons pharmacists gain more education and training after pharmacy school?
Who gain more education and training after pharmacy school?
Where can hospital pharmacies be found?
What are most hospital medications?
What have some hospital pharmacies decided to outsource to companies that specialize in compounding?
What makes it imperative that hospital pharmacies perform at the highest level possible?
What do hospital pharmacies usually stock that would be feasible in the community setting?
What does a pharmacist do?
Where did the clinical pharmacy movement begin?
Who do clinical pharmacists often collaborate with to improve pharmaceutical care?
What do clinical pharmacists often participate in?
Where do clinical pharmacists care for patients?
What is the role of a clinical pharmacist?
What does the review process often involve?
What is an example of a drug therapy evaluation?
What does the pharmacist monitor for?
What are ambulatory care pharmacists given?
In what states are ambulatory care pharmacists given collaborative prescriptive and diagnostic authority?
When did the board of Pharmaceutical Specialties approve ambulatory care pharmacy practice as a separate board certification?
What is the official designation for pharmacists who pass the ambulatory care pharmacy specialty certification exam?
What are some of the federal health care systems?
What is the term for cognitive services?
Where do consultant pharmacists usually work?
What are the three largest pharmacy management companies in the U.S.?
Why do consultant pharmacists begin to work directly with patients?
What do some community pharmacies do?
When did a growing number of Internet pharmacies begin?
What type of community pharmacies operate many of these pharmacies?
What is another name for internet pharmacies?
Why do some customers prefer to go to a community drugstore?
What is the primary difference between community pharmacies and Internet pharmacies?
Why do many customers order drugs from Internet pharmacies?
Who has criticized the practice of selling drugs without a prescription?
What have there been reports of pharmacies doing?
How do some Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs?
What do most Internet pharmacies do?
What is a concern with Internet pharmacies?
How is a prescription for a controlled substance to be valid in the United States?
What is a concern with Internet pharmacies?
How is a prescription for a controlled substance to be valid in the United States?
What is the responsibility of the filling pharmacy?
What outline what defines a valid patient-doctor relationship?
What is an example of a controlled substance?
Why has there been a push to legalize importation of medications from Canada and other countries?
In the United States, what country has been pushed to legalize importation of medications from?
What is enforcement targeted at?
Is there a known case of a U.S. citizen buying Canadian drugs for personal use with a prescription who has been charged by authorities?
What has been a push in the United States to reduce consumer costs?
What is pharmacy informatics?
Where can pharmacy informatics work?
What are the needs of pharmacy informatics?
What are pharmacy informatics trained to participate in?
How is pharmacy informatics growing?
What is the fastest growing sector of the pharmaceutical industry?
How many of the 28 newly FDA approved medications were approved by specialty pharmacies in 2013?
What are some diseases that specialty pharmacies are used for?
What do specialty pharmacies carry?
What other services do specialty pharmacies provide?
How are pharmacists regulated in most jurisdictions?
Who can supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public?
What organization's Code of Ethics provides that physicians may dispense drugs within their office practices?
What percentage of American physicians reportedly dispense drugs on their own?
What can pharmacists not do?
In what country does this law exist?
Where are dispensing physicians allowed to both prescribe and dispense prescription-only medicines to their patients?
What is the current minimum distance between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy?
How far away is the nearest pharmacy in Austria?
What is the reason for the majority rule?
Why does a physician have a financial self-interest in diagnosing conditions and exaggerating their seriousness?
What is the majority rule similar to?
What is a physician's financial self-interest in diagnosing conditions?
What does the patient's interest conflict with?
What are pharmacists expected to do in the coming decades?
What are pharmacists expected to be compensated for?
What does Medication Therapy Management (MTM) include?
What does MTM stand for?
What is the result of MTM?
What provinces in Canada have limited prescribing rights?
Who remunerates pharmacists in Australia for conducting comprehensive Home Medicines Reviews?
What are pharmacists being paid for by the government for?
What has had an evolving influence on the practice of pharmacy in the United States?
What degree is now required before entering practice?
What are the two symbols most commonly associated with pharmacy in English-speaking countries?
What symbol was also used until the early 20th century?
Where is the Bowl of Hygieia often used?
What countries have a red stylized letter A?
What countries use the green Greek cross?
What is the immune system?
What must an immune system detect to function properly?
What are two examples of subsystems of the immune system?
What protects the brain?
What is the immune system?
What is a wide variety of agents that an immune system must detect?
What are two examples of subsystems of the immune system?
What does the immune system protect against?
What are agents that the immune system must detect?
What system protects the brain?
What separates the peripheral immune system from the neuroimmune system?
What are agents that the immune system must detect?
What are two examples of subsystems of the immune system?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
What system protects the brain?
How do pathogens avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system?
What is a rudimentary immune system?
In what organisms did the basic immune system evolve?
What does adaptive immunity do after an initial response to a specific pathogen?
What type of infections do bacteria's immune system protect against?
What are antimicrobial peptides called?
What is the basis of acquired immunity?
What creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen?
What can a disorder of the immune system result in?
When does immunodeficiency occur?
What happens when the immune system is less active than normal?
What can immunodeficiency be the result of in humans?
What is a common autoimmune disease?
What occurs when the immune system is less active than normal?
What results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms?
What covers the study of all aspects of the immune system?
What is an example of an acquired condition?
When was the earliest known reference to immunity?
What venom did Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis experiment with?
Who developed the germ theory of disease?
Who discovered the yellow fever virus?
Who was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1905?
What was the cause of infectious disease confirmed by Robert Koch's 1891 proofs?
What was the name of the virus discovered by Walter Reed?
When was the earliest known reference to immunity?
In what form is the adaptive immune system retained after a pathogen has been eliminated?
What provides an immediate, but non-specific response when a pathogen breaches physical barriers?
What is the second layer of protection in vertebrates?
What are found in all plants and animals?
What is the second layer of protection in vertebrates?
In what form is the adaptive immune system retained after a pathogen has been eliminated?
What prevents pathogens from entering an organism?
What types of molecules do innate and adaptive immunity depend on the immune system to distinguish?
In immunology, what are the components of an organism's body that are distinguished from foreign substances by the immune system?
In immunology, what are the components of an organism's body that are distinguished from foreign substances by the immune system?
What are non-self molecules called?
Antigens bind to what?
What recognizes components that are conserved among broad groups of microorganisms?
What is the dominant system of host defense in most organisms?
Pattern recognition receptors recognize components that are conserved among broad groups of what?
Are innate immune defenses specific or non-specific?
The waxy cuticle of many leaves, the shells and membranes of externally deposited eggs, and skin are examples of what?
What is the first line of defense against infection?
What action in the lungs ejects pathogens and other irritants from the respiratory tract?
What is secreted by the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract to trap and entangle microorganisms?
Along with urine, what flushes pathogens from the body?
What antimicrobial peptide is secreted by the skin and respiratory tract?
What enzymes are found in saliva, tears, and breast milk?
What does semen contain to kill pathogens?
What are two powerful chemical defenses in the stomach against ingested pathogens?
Vaginal secretions serve as a chemical barrier following what?
What serves as biological barriers within the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts?
What do antibiotics not affect?
What type of bacteria can be found in unpasteurized yogurt?
What conditions do commensal flora change in their environment?
What is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection?
What causes the symptoms of inflammation?
What are released by injured or infected cells?
What produces fever and the dilation of blood vessels associated with inflammation?
What cytokines are responsible for communication between white blood cells?
What are cells called that engulf, or eat, pathogens or particles?
What can phagocytes be called to specific locations by?
What is the intracellular vesicle called?
What is formed when a pathogen is engulfed by a phagosome?
What did phagocytes evolved as a means of?
What are phagocytes that travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens?
What is the most abundant type of phagocyte?
How much of the total circulating leukocytes are neutrophils?
What is the process in which neutrophils migrate toward the site of inflammation called?
What regulatory factor do macrophages produce?
What is the second arm of the innate immune system?
What is the second arm of the innate immune system?
Innate cells are important mediators in the activation of what?
What are the phagocytes?
What are phagocytes in tissues that are in contact with the external environment?
What do dendritic cells resemble?
What is one of the key cell types of the adaptive immune system?
What is one of the key cell types of the adaptive immune system?
What is the condition that NK cells recognize cells with low levels of a cell-surface marker called?
What are NK cells?
What is a cell-surface marker called?
What puts the brakes on NK cells?
Where did the adaptive immune system evolve?
What process requires the recognition of specific "non-self" antigens?
Antigen specificity allows for the generation of responses that are tailored to what?
What are the two major subtypes of T cells?
What type of T cells have a role in modulating immune response?
Killer T cells only recognize antigens coupled to what?
What do helper T cells and regulatory T cells only recognize antigens coupled to?
What is the third minor subtype of T cells?
What are a sub-group of T cells that kill cells that are infected with viruses?
What is the co-receptor on the T cell called?
What binds to an antigen in a complex with the MHC Class I receptor of another cell?
What is a protease?
What cytotoxins form pores in the target cell's plasma membrane?
What recruits molecules inside the T cell that are responsible for the T cell's activation?
How many receptors on the helper T cell must be bound by an MHC:antigen in order to activate the helper cell?
How can killer T cells be activated?
What does the activation of a resting helper T cell cause it to release?
What molecules provide extra stimulatory signals required to activate antibody-producing B cells?
What characteristics do gamma delta T cells share?
What do gamma delta T cells possess?
What are Gamma delta T cells called?
What do  T cells rearrange TCR genes to produce?
What type of T cells respond within hours to common molecules produced by microbes?
What identifies pathogens when antibodies on its surface bind to a specific foreign antigen?
How is the antigen/antibody complex processed?
What release does a T cell release that activates the B cell?
When B cells and T cells are activated and begin to replicate, some of their offspring become what?
What is the term for long-lived memory cells?
What are the two forms of immunological memory?
What do memory cells remember during the lifetime of an animal?
Newborn infants have no prior exposure to what?
What type of antibody is transported from mother to baby directly across the placenta?
What contains antibodies that are transferred to the gut of the infant?
What is it called when the fetus does not make memory cells or antibodies?
Hormones can act as what?
What types of immune responses are female sex hormones known as immunostimulators of?
What autoimmune disease strikes women preferentially?
What do male sex hormones seem to be?
What protein has been shown to be closely intertwined with both T-cell differentiation and our circadian rhythms?
What are some chronic conditions that can be caused by sleep deprivation?
What can cause a decrease in antibody production and a lower immune response?
What is partially responsible for weakened immune responses in aging individuals?
What vitamin does the skin become less adept at producing as a person ages?
What is regulated by the immune system?
What does UVB radiation cause people to produce less of?
What does the immune system use to destroy abnormal cells?
What molecules are tumor antigens presented on?
How are tumor antigens presented on MHC class I molecules?
What is generated against tumor cells allowing for their destruction by the complement system?
What type of cells do plants lack?
What are PAMPs?
What happens to cells at the site of infection?
What is a type of defensive response used by plants that renders the entire plant resistant to a particular infectious agent?
What can block virus replication?
What is the other end of immune dysfunction?
What does the immune system fail to distinguish between?
Where are specialized cells located?
Under normal circumstances, many T cells and antibodies react with what?
What occurs when one or more of the components of the immune system are inactive?
In what groups is the ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens diminished?
At what age do immune responses begin to decline?
What are common causes of poor immune function in developed countries?
What is the most common cause of immunodeficiency in developing countries?
What is the most effective manipulation of the immune system mankind has developed?
What is another name for vaccination?
What does immunization introduce?
What does the deliberate induction of an immune response exploit?
What do bacteria secrete to digest a barrier?
What type of secretion system is used to insert a hollow tube into the host cell?
What are proteins used to do?
The success of any pathogen depends on its ability to do what?
Who formulated the clonal selection theory of immunity?
What are two examples of entities that trigger a destructive immune response?
What is another name for the complex "two-signal" activation of T cells?
Who suggested the clonal selection theory of immunity?
What are the most powerful anti-inflammatory drugs?
What are methotrexate and azathioprine used in conjunction with?
What are two examples of cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs?
What is an example of an immunosuppressive drug?
What are two examples of effector cells that peak during wake periods?
What anti-inflammatory molecules peak during awake active times?
Inflammation may occur during sleep times due to the presence of what?
The presence of melatonin during sleep times could counteract what?
What does a T-cell extend when it encounters a foreign pathogen?
What is the steroid hormone version of vitamin D?
What relationship do T-cells have with vitamin D?
What is the gene responsible for converting the pre-hormone version of vitamin D, calcidiol into the steroid hormone version?
What other immune system cells are known to express CYP27B1?
What are proteins used by nearly all organisms to identify molecules associated with pathogens?
What are antimicrobial peptides called?
What cells are used by most forms of invertebrate life?
Ribonucleases and what other pathway are conserved across all eukaryotes?
What are two examples of classical molecules of the adaptive immune system?
What primitive jawless vertebrates have a distinct lymphocyte-derived molecule discovered?
What molecules are found in primitive jawless vertebrates?
What evolved in an ancestor of the jawed vertebrates?
Invertebrates do not generate what?
What is the unique defense mechanism bacteria use to protect themselves from pathogens?
What is the restriction modification system that bacteria use to protect themselves from viral pathogens called?
What sequences do prokaryotes use to retain fragments of the genomes of phage?
What two theories were fought at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century?
Who represented the cellular theory of immunity?
What are cells called in the cellular theory of immunity?
Who held the humoral theory of immunity?
What is the humoral theory of immunity?
Some tumors evade the immune system and go on to become what?
What do tumor cells have a reduced number of on their surface?
What suppresses the activity of macrophages and lymphocytes?
What does the cytokine TGF- suppress?
What is an immune response that damages the body's own tissues called?
How many classes are hypersensitivity divided into?
What is the immediate or anaphylactic reaction associated with allergy?
What triggers degranulation of mast cells and basophils when cross-linked by antigen?
What occurs when antibodies bind to antigens on the patient's own cells?
What is an evasion strategy used by pathogens to avoid the innate immune system called?
What food poisoning bacterium is an example of intracellular pathogen?
What are the eukaryotic parasites that cause malaria called?
What bacteria lives inside a protective capsule that prevents lysis by complement?
What protein does Staphylococcus aureus have?
What is it called when the simplest approach is to rapidly change non-essential epitopes while keeping essential epitopes concealed?
What is an example of antigenic variation?
What parasite constantly switches one type of surface protein for another, allowing it to stay one step ahead of the antibody response?
What may explain the failures of vaccines directed at HIV?
What is another important role of the immune system to identify and eliminate tumors?
What virus causes cervical cancer?
What enzyme transforms certain skin cells into tumors?
What are tumors called that are caused by the enzyme tyrosinase?
What type of skin cells are transformed by tyrosinase?
What is the maximum amount of drugs that can cause a neutralizing immune response?
What amino acids are overrepresented in epitope regions?
What is the study of large sets of proteins involved in the immune response called?
What cells are known to be recognizable by pathogens?
What is the emerging field of bioinformatics-based studies of immunogenicity referred to?
What hormones increase blood levels during the early slow-wave-sleep stage?
What does the milieu of hormones produced at slow-wave-sleep support the interactions between?
What cytokine balance supports Th1?
What is the initiation of long-lasting immune memory called?
What do complement proteins bind to on the surfaces of microbes?
How does the deposition of complement kill cells?
What is the speed of the response a result of?
What produces peptides that attract immune cells and increase vascular permeability?
What is one of the many ways people have rebelled against what they deem unfair laws?
What did South Africa fight against?
What movement brought independence to the Baltic countries from the Soviet Union?
Where was the 2004 Orange Revolution?
Where was the 2003 Rose Revolution?
Who brought about one of the earliest massive implementations of civil disobedience?
Who did the Egyptians oppose in the 1919 Revolution?
What type of movement in India uses civil disobedience?
Civil disobedience is one of the many ways people have rebelled against what?
What is the name of the nonviolent resistance movement in South Africa?
What play is one of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience?
Who was Oedipus?
Who is the current King of Thebes?
Who was the former King of Thebes?
What is Antigone trying to stop her from doing?
What play is one of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience?
Who wrote the play Antigone?
Who is trying to stop Antigone from giving her brother a proper burial?
What is Antigone trying to stop her from doing?
Antigone tells Creon that she must do what?
Who wrote The Mask of Anarchy?
The Mask of Anarchy is perhaps the first modern statement of the principle of what type of protest?
What doctrine was influenced by Shelley's nonviolent protest?
What was Gandhi's campaign for?
Who wrote Civil Disobedience?
Who wrote The Mask of Anarchy?
What did Percy Shelley think of his time?
The Mask of Anarchy is perhaps the first modern statement of what?
What doctrine was influenced by Shelley's nonviolent protest?
Who wrote the doctrine of Satyagraha?
What has the term "civil disobedience" become a code-word for?
Who notes that "civil disobedience" has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official?
What has the term "civil disobedience" suffered from?
What has the term "civil disobedience" become in modern times?
What has happened to the term "civil disobedience" in modern times?
Who notes that "civil disobedience" has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official?
What has the term "civil disobedience" become for Vice President Agnew?
Who said the term "civil disobedience" has become a code-word for muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents, and political assassins?
What has the term "civil disobedience" suffered from?
Who wrote that "the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible"?
How does LeGrande feel about the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term?
What does LeGrande encourage a distinction between?
What kind of problems do students of civil disobedience find themselves surrounded by?
What type of terminology has no more meaning than the individual orator intends it to have?
Who wrote that "the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible"?
How much literature is there on civil disobedience?
What does LeGrande say a student of civil disobedience finds himself surrounded by?
What type of civil disobedience does LeGrande encourage a distinction between?
What type of civil disobedience does LeGrande encourage a distinction between?
What is a conflict in which two public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government, conflict?
What is civil disobedience defined as pertaining to?
What is civil disobedience defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to?
Why would civil disobedience occur if the head of government refused to enforce a decision of a country's highest court?
What is defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its laws?
What is civil disobedience defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to?
What would be civil disobedience if the head of government of a country were to do?
Who would be acting in her or his capacity as public official rather than private citizen?
What would the head of government be acting as instead of a public official?
What two branches of government conflict in a constitutional impasse?
Who disputed the definition of conscience vs. the collective?
What was Thoreau's punishment for a taxman who refused to pay?
What is the majority?
What did Thoreau advise a taxman to do when he refused to pay?
Whose will may a government only express?
Who is the final judge of right and wrong?
Who is the final judge of right and wrong?
Who disputed the definition of conscience vs. the collective?
What did Thoreau advise a taxman to do when he refused to pay?
What is the majority?
Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is only justified against what?
Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of what non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to the legal system?
Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to what?
What does Brownlee believe the same principle applies to breaches of law in protest against?
Who argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to the legal system?
What does Brownlee believe a civil disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects?
What are some theories of civil disobedience?
Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken?
What is the term for lawbreaking that must be publicly announced?
What is public civil disobedience?
What did Hitler's secret police want to know about German citizens?
When did Shiphrah and Puah misrepresented how they did it?
Who refused a direct order of Pharaoh but misrepresented how they did it?
What must happen in order to constitute civil disobedience?
What does Stephen Eilmann argue if it is necessary to disobey?
What can a lawyer do to help a client overcome legal obstacles to securing her or his natural rights?
What did Hitler's secret police demand to know if they were hiding a Jew in their house?
Where can civil disobedience be traced to?
What does Black's Law Dictionary include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience?
What is more destructive than civil disobedience?
What does refraining from violence help preserve?
What does Black's Law Dictionary include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What does Black's Law Dictionary include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What is more destructive than civil disobedience?
What type of rebellion is rebellion?
What is the benefit of civil disobedience refraining from violence?
What is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government?
Who directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government?
Who claimed that the Hungarians directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government?
Whose acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience?
What does revolutionary civil disobedience try to change?
What is non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
Why is non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is the purpose of non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government?
Whose acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience?
When were the earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience?
Where did unarmed Jews gather to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem?
How was Thoreau's arrest covered in newspapers?
What did the tax collector who arrested Thoreau do?
When was Thoreau's essay published?
When were the earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience?
Why did unarmed Jews gather in the streets?
What do some activists do when they commit civil disobedience as a group collectively?
What is a form of civil disobedience?
When was Thoreau's essay published?
What kind of acts have civil disobedients chosen?
What purpose does Bedau believe the harmlessness of civil disobedience may serve?
Who brought medicine to Iraq without the permission of the U.S. Government?
How long did Julia Butterfly Hill live in Luna?
How did Julia Butterfly Hill prevent a redwood tree from being cut down?
What have civil disobedients chosen?
What is an example of a civil disobedience?
What kind of illegal protests may serve a propaganda purpose?
What is a desired goal of civil disobedience?
Who lived in Luna, a 600-year-old California Redwood tree for 738 days?
What was Joseph Haas arrested for?
What did Joseph Haas say in an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors?
What is pure speech?
What case resulted from WBAI's broadcasting of "Filthy Words"?
When was the Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation?
What type of behavior is criminalized?
What is WBAI's method of disobedience?
What is another classic way of expressing defiance toward the government and unwillingness to stand for its policies?
What was Joseph Haas arrested for?
What does civil disobedience make it more difficult for?
How did the Plowshares organization temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?
How did the Plowshares organization close GCSB Waihopai?
What can civil disobedients use to get their issue onto the table?
What is a form of civil disobedience that makes it more difficult for a system to function?
What is an example of a form of civil disobedience?
What are civil disobedients constrained in their use of by their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue?
What is the goal of civil disobedients?
How did the Plowshares organization temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?
What are some of the same decisions and principles that apply in civil disobedience cases?
What may a civil disobedience suspect have to decide about his property?
What can serve no useful purpose and may be harmful?
Why have some civil disobedients found it hard to resist responding to investigators' questions?
How do some civil disobedients try to make an impression on the officers?
What do some civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to do?
What is held to bind all to obey the laws that a government meeting certain standards of legitimacy has established?
What do some civil disobedients don't believe in?
What are civil disobedients called?
What is a violation of criminal law that does not infringe on the rights of others?
What is an important decision for civil disobedients?
What is a civil disobedient's duty?
What does a civil disobedient say when they plead guilty?
What message does pleading not guilty send?
What is a plea of not guilty called?
Where was the protest held?
Why were the protesters arrested?
What happened to the protesters who attempted to enter the test site?
What did Francis Heisler advise the arrested people to plead?
What was the sentence given to the arrested protesters?
Why do protesters choose to go to jail?
What is the purpose of going to jail?
How should the spirit of protest be maintained?
What is to switch suddenly to a spirit of subservience?
What does the prosecution sometimes propose to civil disobedients?
What did the defendants receive in the Camden 28 case?
What do activists use to secure the same plea bargain for everyone?
What type of plea has some activists opted to enter?
Who pleaded guilty in the Camden 28 case?
What type of speech do some civil disobedience defendants make?
What is the purpose of an allocution speech?
What did the statement in U.S. v. Burgos-Andujar suggest?
What was the likelihood of a defendant repeating her illegal actions?
What did the protesters complain about in their allocution speeches?
What is the primary goal of a defendant if they plead not guilty?
What is the primary goal of a defendant if they plead not guilty?
What is the primary goal of civil disobedience?
During what era did the Chicago Eight use a political defense?
What do some civil disobedients seek?
What is neither conscientious nor of social benefit?
Is general disobedience conscientious or of social benefit?
What is not civil disobedience?
What is it viewed as a protestor who tries to escape punishment by committing a crime covertly and avoiding attribution?
How does a protestor try to escape punishment by committing a crime covertly?
What type of disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest?
What type of disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest?
During what war did courts refuse to excuse the perpetrators of illegal protests from punishment?
What defense did the judge instruct the jury to disregard when Carter Wentworth was charged for his role in the Clamshell Alliance's 1977 illegal occupation of the Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant?
Why have many fully informed jury leafleters escaped prosecution?
What is a major goal of criminal punishment?
What is the most important consideration in deciding whether or not to impose punishment?
Who decides on utilitarian grounds whether to impose punishment?
What does Brownlee think deterrence focuses attention on instead of the threat of punishment?
What is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure?
What type of manufacturing involves mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser?
How much of the gross domestic product of developed countries is construction?
What does construction start with?
Who does construction typically take place on location for?
Who usually manages the job?
Who supervises the job?
What is essential for the successful execution of a project?
What are the largest construction projects referred to as?
Who must consider zoning requirements?
What are the three sectors of construction?
What are the two main sectors of building construction?
What is infrastructure often called?
What is often called heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering?
What includes refineries, process chemical, power generation, mills and manufacturing plants?
What is ENR?
What is the trade magazine for the construction industry?
In what year did ENR compile data in nine market segments?
What did ENR use to rank firms as heavy contractors?
What are the three subsectors of the construction industry?
What types of firms are included in the North American Industry Classification System?
Which classification systems have a classification system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction?
What are construction managers?
What is the process of adding structure to real property?
What are the majority of building construction jobs?
Who acts as laborer, paymaster, and design team for the entire project?
What are some undesirable end results of building construction projects?
What do those with experience do during a building construction project to ensure a positive outcome?
What must residential construction practices, technologies, and resources conform to?
What dictates the construction materials used?
What can residential construction generate?
What can vary dramatically based on site conditions, local regulations, economies of scale, and the availability of skilled tradespeople?
What is making new techniques of building construction possible?
How long does it take to build a building with built-in plumbing and electrical facilities?
How many metres of building material are printing per hour as of January 2013?
How much building material is being printed per hour as of January 2013?
What is the purpose of a formal design team?
In the modern industrialized world, construction usually involves the translation of what?
Who is the design team most commonly employed by?
Who provides a bill of quantities?
Who does the owner typically award a contract to?
The modern trend in design is toward integration of what?
In the past, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be what?
What does each firm offer itself as for a construction project?
What is the term for a contract where a contractor is given a performance specification and must undertake the project from design to construction?
What are some of the project structures that can assist the owner in this integration?
What does each of the project structures allow the owner to integrate the services of?
What are many companies placing more emphasis on?
What can a construction project suffer from?
When do underbids happen?
When do cash flow problems occur?
What is a problem in many fields, but is notoriously prevalent in the construction field?
Who are likely participants in creating an overall plan for the financial management of the building construction project?
Who is highly likely to be present even in relatively small projects?
Who studies the expected monetary flow over the life of the project?
What has caused cost overruns with government projects?
Who apply expertise to relate the work and materials involved to a proper valuation?
What must a project adhere to?
Who does not benefit from a project that fails to adhere to zoning and building code requirements?
What is malum in se?
What are malum prohibitum considerations?
Who may seek changes or exemptions in the law that governs the land where the building will be built?
What is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations?
What is the exchange of obligations between two or more parties?
What does the time element in construction mean?
What must the contracts be designed to ensure?
What leads to confusion and collapse?
What is a growing number of new forms of procurement?
What does PPP stand for?
What is another name for Public-Private Partnering?
What is the focus on to ameliorate the many problems that arise from the often competitive and adversarial practices within the construction industry?
Who acts as the project coordinator?
What is the role of the architect or engineer in construction procurement?
Who has a direct contractual relationship with the main contractor?
Who does any subcontractor have a direct contractual relationship with?
When does the procedure continue?
Who produces a list of requirements for a project?
Who presents different ideas about how to accomplish the project's goals?
Who produces a list of requirements for a project?
What is a D&B contract?
What is the second phase of a D&B project called?
Who is required to verify and have existing utility lines marked before the foundation can be dug?
What does this lessen the likelihood of?
What types of utilities are less likely to be damaged?
Who inspects a building periodically?
What may be issued once construction is complete and a final inspection has been passed?
How much revenue did the construction industry have in 2014?
How much of the construction industry's revenue is private?
How many firms were in the construction industry in 2005?
How many employees did the average contractor employ?
How many women were employed in the construction industry as of 2011?
What is the average earning for a professional in the construction industry in the Middle East?
What is the average salary for a professional in the construction industry in the UK?
Where do some construction workers make more than $100,000 per year?
What is one of the most dangerous occupations in the world?
What is one of the most common causes of fatal and non-fatal injuries among construction workers?
What are the other major causes of fatalities in the construction industry?
What can curtail the risk of occupational injuries in the construction industry?
What is another name for private schools?
What type of scholarship is available at private schools?
What do private schools charge their students?
What do private schools retain the right to do?
How much is the annual tuition fee at New England preparatory schools?
What is the term for a K-12 school?
Along with the United Kingdom and Canada, what country uses the term 'primary and secondary education'?
Where is private education located?
What is year 12 known as?
What is year 13 called?
What is another name for university-preparatory schools?
What type of tuition does a private secondary school have?
High tuition is used to pay higher salaries for who?
What type of school is a parochial school?
Along with Protestants, Jews and Muslims, what other religious group is represented in private schools?
What type of education do some denominational schools teach?
What is the power of private schools?
What is a compulsory uniform in a private school in Australia?
How much more expensive are private schools in Australia than their public counterparts?
Along with the Anglican Church, Uniting Church and the Uniting Church, what church has a long-established religious foundation?
What type of school is St Joseph's College?
Where is St Aloysius' College located?
What age group is Loreto Normanhurst for?
What article describes the right to create private schools in Germany?
What was the purpose of the unusual protection of private schools?
What was the percentage of pupils in private schools in Germany between 1992 and 2008?
What was the percentage of students in private high schools between 1992 and 2008?
What was the percentage of pupils in private schools in the former GDR?
What is Article 7 Paragraph 4 of the Grundgesetz?
What are ordinary primary or secondary schools?
What kind of tuition fees do most Ersatzschulen have?
What are secondary or post-secondary schools called?
What type of schools are Ergänzungsschulen?
What fees do Ergänzungsschulen charge their students?
What type of groups run Ergänzungsschulen?
What are private schools called in India?
What is one of the most prominent Examination Boards in India?
How many different Examination Boards are there in India?
Who provides the broad policy directions while the states create their own rules and regulations?
Along with non-profit trusts, what other group can run schools in India?
What country has the largest adult illiterate population in the world?
What does ASER stand for?
What does the ASER do?
What is the medium of education in private schools?
What is the Irish name for a private school?
Why are private schools unusual in Ireland?
What is the average fee for a private school in Ireland?
What is the name of the religious order that runs a private school in Ireland?
What is the annual fee for boarding schools in Ireland?
In what year did Malaysia gain independence?
Who was allowed to retain Chinese as the medium of instruction?
What language are Chinese secondary schools required to change into?
What kind of school system did the government instruct all schools to be assimilated into?
How many schools were converted to become National Type schools?
What are schools that accept government funds called?
How are un-aided schools funded?
Where is the Galaxy Public School?
What is the medium of education?
What language is taught as a compulsory subject?
How many private schools were in New Zealand as of April 2014?
How many students were in the 88 private schools in New Zealand as of April 2014?
How much of the student population are private schools in New Zealand?
What type of school system was New Zealand's private?
What is the largest city in New Zealand?
What type of private school is St Paul's Collegiate School in Hamilton?
Where is the Samuel Marsden Collegiate School?
What type of private school is St Cuthbert's College in Auckland?
Where is St Andrew's College?
What is the name of the Catholic schismatic group in Wanganui?
How much of the primary enrollment in the Philippines is from the private sector?
How many percent of secondary enrollment does the private sector account for?
What percentage of tertiary enrollment is private?
When was the Manual of Regulations for Private Schools issued?
Along with English and mathematics, what subject has been replaced by private schools?
What scheme of the government provides financial assistance for tuition and other school fees of students turned away from public high schools because of enrollment overflows?
What is geared to students enrolled in priority courses in post-secondary and non-degree programmes?
What is made available to underprivileged but deserving high school graduates?
What act recognizes two categories of schools?
When was the South African Schools Act passed?
What category of schools does the South African Schools Act of 1996 recognize?
What type of schools are considered independent in South Africa?
In what century were some of the oldest schools in South Africa established?
What does the term "Model C" continue to be used to describe?
What kind of academic results do model C schools produce?
What kind of school fees do formerly model C schools tend to set more than other public schools?
What percentage of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008?
How many pupils does Kunskapsskolan have?
How many employees does Kunskapsskolan have?
What does Kunskapsskolan mean?
What type of school model is Sweden known for?
Preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils up to what age to enter public schools?
Preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils up to 13 years old to enter what type of school?
According to The Good Schools Guide, what percentage of children are educated at fee-paying schools at GSCE level?
Preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils up to what age to enter public schools?
What is the average fee for a day school in the UK?
What case demanded that US schools desegregate?
What type of academies have shut down since the 1970s?
In what part of the US did many white students migrate to the academies?
What race of students migrated to the academies?
What race did public schools become more heavily concentrated with?
What type of funds are used to provide funding for private schools?
The Establishment Clause is found in what Amendment?
What is the name of the amendment that prohibits government funding for religious schools?
What type of status could non-religious private schools get?
In what state did compulsory schooling begin in 1852?
In what year did compulsory schooling begin in Massachusetts?
When was Wisconsin v. Yoder?
What was Pierce v. Society of Sisters?
Who did Runyon v.?
How much was the tuition for day schools in New York City in 2012?
How much did boarding schools charge as of 2012?
What is one of the leading schools in the US?
What type of drives supplemented the endowments of Groton School?
Who was the first benefactor of Harvard?
When did Harvard merge with Radcliffe College?
Who led the university through the Great Depression and World War II?
What organization was Harvard a founding member of in 1900?
Who was President of Harvard from 1869 to 1909?
What is the world's largest academic and private library system?
How many libraries are in the Harvard Library?
How many volumes are in the Harvard Library?
How many U.S. presidents are alumni of Harvard?
How many Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Harvard?
Where are the campuses of Harvard located?
How much is Harvard's financial endowment?
What river is Harvard Stadium located across?
How many academic units are there at Harvard?
Where is the main campus of Harvard located?
When was Harvard formed?
Harvard was formed in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of what colony?
In what year did the college become home to North America's first printing press?
In what year was the college renamed Harvard College?
When was the charter for the Harvard Corporation granted?
Who did the College train in the early years?
What model did the College's curriculum follow?
How was the college affiliated with any denomination?
When did Joseph Willard die?
Who was appointed to the presidency of Harvard in 1805?
When was Henry Ware elected to the chair of Harvard?
Whose lectures were acclaimed in New York in 1846?
What did Agassiz combine observation with?
Whose works were part of the Harvard curriculum at the time?
Who eliminated the favored position of Christianity from the curriculum?
What convictions motivated Charles W. Eliot?
Whose convictions were the Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions derived from?
Who was the president of the University of Michigan from 1933 to1953?
What did Conant's programs do to support talented youth?
When was the Report published?
How many men attended Harvard College for every woman studying at Radcliffe?
When was the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe?
What happened to the proportion of female undergraduates after the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe?
How far is Harvard Yard from the State House in downtown Boston?
How many residential houses do undergraduates live in?
Along what river are nine of Harvard Yard's residential Houses located?
How far away is the Quadrangle?
Where is the Harvard Business School located?
What is a pedestrian bridge over the Charles River?
In what area is the Harvard School of Dental Medicine located?
How much more land does Harvard own in Allston than in Cambridge?
What are the proposals to connect the Cambridge campus with the new Allston campus?
What are some of the benefits of the expansion of Harvard's Allston campus?
How many professors, lecturers, and instructors teach at Harvard?
How many undergraduates does Harvard have?
How many graduate students attend Harvard?
In what year was crimson unofficially adopted by the student body?
When did Charles William Eliot buy red bandanas?
How much was Harvard's endowment worth in 2011?
How much loss did Harvard suffer in 2008-09?
What was the name of the complex that was supposed to be completed by 2011?
How much was the Pell Grant reserve in 2012?
How much financial aid did Harvard have in 2012?
When was the divestment from South Africa movement?
Who gave a speech blocking Harvard Yard?
How much did the university reduce its South African holdings by?
How many applicants did Harvard accept for the class of 2019?
When did Harvard end its early admissions program?
Why did Harvard end its early admissions program in 2007?
In what year was an Early Action program reintroduced?
How many classes were undergraduates required to complete between 1978 and 2008?
How many general education categories are undergraduates required to complete since 2008?
What has the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching criticized?
What is the start of the semester calendar at Harvard?
What must undergraduates maintain to be considered full-time?
What is the name of the degree awarded to students graduating in the top 5% of the class?
What was the number of students who received Latin honors in 2005?
What was the annual tuition for the 2012-13 school year?
What was the total cost of attendance for the 2012-13 school year?
What did families with incomes below $60,000 pay in 2007?
How much money did Harvard offer in grants in 2009?
How much of Harvard's aid is provided by grants?
Where is the Harvard University Library System centered?
What are three of the most popular libraries for undergraduates to use?
Where is America's oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases stored?
How many volumes does the Harvard University Library System hold?
How many museums are in the Harvard Art Museums?
What does the Fogg Museum of Art cover?
What museum specializes in the cultural history and civilizations of the Western Hemisphere?
When did the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) begin?
When were the first league tables published?
Where is Harvard ranked as a "dream college"?
How many intercollegiate sports does the Harvard Crimson compete in?
Which university has an intense athletic rivalry with Harvard?
How often is the rivalry between Harvard and Yale put aside?
When did the annual football meeting between Harvard and Yale begin?
In what year did Harvard Stadium introduce a new era into football?
In what year was the forward pass legalized?
Who was Walter Camp?
What multi-purpose arena is home to the Harvard basketball teams?
What is the MAC?
How many weight rooms does the MAC have?
How old was the Harvard-Yale Regatta?
Where is the Harvard-Yale Regatta held?
What is the rivalry between the Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey team and Cornell?
In what year did Harvard win the Intercollegiate Sailing Association National Championships?
Who is the U.N. Secretary?
Who is the Colombian President?
Who is the president of Costa Rica?
Who is the Israeli Prime Minister?
Who is a comedian, television show host and writer?
Who is the conductor of Yo Yo Ma?
What is the name of the cellist?
Who was a civil rights leader?
Who is a Fields Medalist?
Who are two legal scholars at Harvard?
Who is a Shakespeare scholar at Harvard?
What is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States?
What was Jacksonville's population in 2010?
Where does Jacksonville rank among the most populous cities in the US?
What county is Jacksonville the county seat of?
When did Jacksonville consolidate with Duval County?
What river is Jacksonville centered on?
How far is Jacksonville from Miami?
What was the name of the French colony in 1564?
Who originally inhabited Jacksonville?
Who was the first military governor of the Florida Territory?
Where does the Port of Jacksonville rank in terms of military presence?
What type of tourism is important to Jacksonville?
How many US Navy bases are in Jacksonville?
What are people from Jacksonville called?
How many years has the area of Jacksonville been inhabited?
Who discovered some of the oldest remnants of pottery in the US?
Black Hammock Island is in what national ecological and Historic Preserve?
In what era did the Mocama live?
What is the earliest known name for the village at the site of what is now downtown Jacksonville?
Who charted the St. Johns River in 1562?
Who did Ribault claim the land for?
Who did Philip II of Spain order to protect the interest of Spain by attacking the French presence at Fort Caroline?
What did the Spanish rename Fort Caroline?
What was the name of the first European settlement?
After what war did Spain cede Florida to the British?
What did the British do to connect St. Augustine to Georgia?
Why were the names Cow Ford and Cowford used?
Who ceded Florida to the British in 1763?
When did the Florida Legislative Council approve the charter for Jacksonville?
Who won the Battle of Olustee?
What was the first Confederate victory in Florida?
What battle resulted in a Confederate victory?
What caused the city to be disrupted after the war?
What was the name of the battle that occurred in March of 1864?
During what era were Jacksonville and St. Augustine popular winter resorts for the rich and famous?
Who was the president of Florida in 1888?
What caused a major blow to Jacksonville's tourism in the late 19th century?
What drew visitors to other areas?
How did visitors arrive by steamboat?
What was engulfed in flames at a nearby mattress factory?
How many buildings were destroyed in the fire?
What did Governor Jennings do after the fire?
What was the largest urban fire in the southeastern United States?
Who was attracted to Jacksonville in the 1910s?
What type of studios were established in Jacksonville in the 1910s?
What was Jacksonville's title?
What major film production center ended Jacksonville's film industry?
What led residents to move to newer housing in the suburbs?
What was Jacksonville's most populous ethnic group by 2010?
What left Jacksonville with a much poorer population than before?
Who was the mayor of Jacksonville after the war?
After what war did the city of Jacksonville begin to increase spending to fund new public building projects?
What caused problems with funding education, sanitation, and traffic control within the city limits?
What areas of Jacksonville had difficulty obtaining municipal services?
What did a study recommend in 1958?
Who rejected annexation plans in six referendums between 1960 and 1965?
How were Jacksonville's officials elected in the mid-1960s?
How many officials were indicted after a grand jury was convened?
What group was led by J. J. Daniel and Claude Yates?
What happened to all 15 of Duval County's public high schools in 1964?
When was the consolidation referendum held?
Who was the mayor of Jacksonville in 1968?
What was the new border of Jacksonville called?
What was the name of the plan that authorized a half-penny sales tax?
What did the Better Jacksonville Plan do?
What is Jacksonville's total area?
What river divides Jacksonville?
What is a major tributary of the St. Johns River?
What percentage of Jacksonville is water?
What is the name of the town that surrounds Jacksonville?
What is the Bank of America Tower?
What is the name of the tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville's skyline?
How tall is the Bank of America Tower?
How many floors is the Riverplace Tower?
What makes the Wells Fargo Center the defining building in the Jacksonville skyline?
What type of climate does Jacksonville have?
When are the warmest months in Jacksonville?
What is Jacksonville's winter weather?
What is Jacksonville's coastal location?
What was the highest temperature recorded on July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872?
What type of thunderstorms can erupt during a typical summer afternoon?
What causes thunderstorms to erupt during a typical summer afternoon?
In what month does the mean monthly temperature range from 53 F in January to 82 F?
What was the strongest hurricane to hit Jacksonville?
How fast were the winds in St. Augustine in 1964?
What hurricane hit Jacksonville on May 28, 2012?
On what scale was Hurricane Dora a Category 2 hurricane?
In what year did Tropical Storm Fay hit Jacksonville?
What ethnicity is Jacksonville's population?
How many people lived in Jacksonville as of 2010?
What is the country's tenth-largest Arab population?
What is Jacksonville's largest American community?
What percentage of households were made up of individuals?
What percentage of households had children under the age of 18 living with them?
Who were 91.3 males for every 100 females?
For every 100 females age 18 and over, how many males were there?
What percentage of global assets did the richest 1% of adults own in the year 2000?
How many people are in the bottom 50% of the world's population?
What is the wealth of the top percentile?
Oxfam's claims have been questioned on the basis of what?
What does Anthony Shorrocks consider the criticism of debt to be?
What percentage of global assets did the richest 1% of adults own in the year 2000?
What do the three richest people in the world possess more of than the lowest 48 nations combined?
What was the combined wealth of the 10 million dollar millionaires in 2008?
How much of the world's wealth is in the hands of the poorer half of the population?
Why are there more poor people in the United States and Western Europe than in China?
According to PolitiFact, how many richest Americans have more wealth than half of all Americans combined?
What newspaper reported that the richest 1 percent in the US now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent?
What may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start"?
What did the Institute for Policy Studies say about 60 percent of the richest 400 Americans?
According to PolitiFact, the top 400 richest Americans have more of what than half of all Americans combined?
Who owns more wealth than the bottom 90 percent?
What may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start"?
What percentage of the richest 400 Americans "grew up in substantial privilege"?
Who said that over 60 percent of the richest 400 Americans "grew up in substantial privilege"?
What view views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land?
What does neoclassical economics view inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from?
What are differences in value added by within labor income distribution due to?
In a market economy, inequality is a reflection of what gap between highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions?
wages and profits are determined by what?
What does neoclassical economics view inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from?
What is the cause of inequalities in labor income distribution?
What are determined by the marginal value added of each economic actor?
In neoclassical economics, wages and profits are determined by the marginal value added of which economic actor?
In a market economy, inequality is a reflection of what?
Why do capitalist firms substitute capital equipment for labor inputs?
What does the organic composition of capital mean?
What is the "reserve army of labour"?
What causes stagnant wages for the working class?
Capitalist firms substitute capital equipment for what?
Why do capitalist firms substitute capital equipment for labor inputs?
What do capitalist firms increasingly do for labor inputs?
The substitution of capital equipment for labor raises what of each worker?
What are wages for the working class?
In a purely capitalist mode of production, what will not be controlled by these organizations?
Under what law is the price of skill determined by a race between the demand for the skilled worker and the supply of the skilled worker?
What will an employer find about their business if they offer a below market wage?
What do competitors do to take advantage of the understaffed workforce?
Markets, by themselves, often lead to high levels of inequality, outcomes that are widely viewed as what?
Who controls wages in a purely capitalist mode of production?
Wages work in the same way as what for any other good?
In a purely capitalist mode of production, what will not be controlled by these organizations?
What can concentrate wealth, pass environmental costs on to society, and abuse workers and consumers?
Markets, by themselves, often lead to high levels of inequality, outcomes that are widely viewed as what?
What drives down wages due to the expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job?
What is a low wage for a job that few workers require?
A job where there is a large need for the positions (high demand) will result in what?
What may members receive higher wages through?
Who may limit the supply of workers?
What is the result of a job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time?
What drives down the wage?
Why does competition amongst workers drive down wages?
What type of supply will result in a low wage for a job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time?
Who drives up the wage in a job where there is a shortage of workers?
What does higher economic inequality tend to increase at the individual level?
What type of entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs?
What are motivations for necessity-based entrepreneurship called?
What is another term for achievement-oriented motivations?
What type of entrepreneurship is driven by achievement-oriented motivations?
What tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level?
What is most of self-employment based on?
What type of entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs?
What type of motivations drive opportunity-based entrepreneurship?
What type of impact does the latter type of entrepreneurship have on economic growth?
What is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases?
In a progressive tax system, the level of what will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society?
What can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board?
What is another cause of income being taxed coupled with the progressivity of?
What increases as the taxable base amount increases in a progressive tax?
What will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society?
What can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board?
What is the difference between the Gini index for income distribution before taxation and the Gini index after taxation?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What type of education do people who are unable to afford an education choose not to pursue?
What happens to those who can't afford an education?
Whose productive potential is unleashed by education?
A lack of education leads to lower aggregate what?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What does education create for those with high demand for workers?
What kind of wages do those who can't afford an education receive?
What does a lack of education lead to?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What did S&P recommend to remedy the wealth gap?
How much more growth would the average United States worker's education add to the country's economy over five years?
What did the widening disparity between the wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation make it more prone to?
What rating agency concluded that the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession?
When did economists with the Standard & Poor's rating agency conclude that the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery?
What years did the recession occur?
What did S&P recommend to remedy the wealth gap?
How much more growth would the average United States worker's education add to the country's economy over five years?
What did the widening disparity between the wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation make it more prone to?
When was the mass high school education movement?
What happened to skilled workers during the mass high school education movement?
What happened to the price of skilled labor during the mass high school education movement?
What can result to low economic growth?
What did the decrease in wages cause?
When was the mass high school education movement?
What did the increase in skilled workers lead to?
What was the purpose of high school education?
What is very important for the growth of the economy?
What can result to low economic growth?
What has remained strong in continental European liberalism?
What countries have a lower level of economic mobility than the U.S.?
How much support does the available evidence provide for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor-market outcomes?
What country has unions remained strong?
What do Schmitt and Zipperer point to the decline of union membership as one of the causes of?
The U.S. economic and social model is associated with substantial levels of what?
What organization did John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer belong to?
How much support does the available evidence provide for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor-market outcomes?
What is the level of economic mobility in the U.S. compared to other continental European countries?
What country has very low levels of inequality?
What goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements?
What has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization?
What did other industrialized nations not experience steep surges in inequality?
What is Jake Rosenfield's profession?
Where is Jake Rosenfield from?
What has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization?
What goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements?
What does high inequality go hand-in-hand with?
What may the low-skilled workers in the rich countries see as a result of the competition?
What may low-skilled workers in the poor countries see?
What is another cause of inequality in America?
What have low-skilled jobs been replaced by in wealthier nations?
Trade liberalization may shift economic inequality from a what scale to a domestic scale?
Who may see increased wages?
What has had a measurable effect on the rising inequality in the United States?
What is the effect of trade on inequality in America when compared to other causes?
What have low-skilled jobs been replaced by in wealthier nations?
What is the income gap in Botswana?
What is the income gap in Bahrain?
Are women more or less willing to travel or relocate?
In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of what gender in the labor market?
In many countries, there is a pay gap in favor of males in the labor market?
In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of what?
Who is more likely than men to consider factors other than pay when looking for work?
Who wrote Knowledge and Decisions?
What is the difference in earnings between women and men in the US?
What type of programs are used to help more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality?
According to Simon Kuznets, countries with low levels of development have what distributions of wealth?
As a country develops, it acquires what?
What is a mechanism that allows more developed countries to move back to lower levels of inequality?
What is Simon Kuznets' profession?
What is in large part the result of stages of development?
As a country develops, it acquires what?
As a country develops, it acquires more capital, which leads to the owners of this capital having what?
What do more developed countries move back to?
When did income inequality fall in the United States during the High school movement?
When did income inequality begin to rise?
What sector did Kuznets move to?
What sector did Kuznets move from to the service sector?
Who showed that middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulged out to form the Kuznets curve?
What is the name of Kuznets' curve?
How does Kuznets' curve compare to other theories?
What does Kuznets' curve predict about income inequality?
What may be possible for multiple Kuznets' cycles to be in at any given time?
What is a theoretical process by which newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities?
What do those who already hold wealth have the means to do?
What is the fundamental force for divergence?
What generates higher returns?
Where does newly created wealth concentrate?
Who has the means to invest in new sources of creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth?
What can significantly contribute to the persistence of inequality within society?
Who argues that the fundamental force for divergence is the greater return of capital than economic growth?
What do larger fortunes generate?
What forces should serve as a brake on concentrations of wealth and income?
What is Joseph Stiglitz' profession?
What skills will the market bid up compensation for?
What does Stiglitz believe is a better explanation of inequality?
What is the non-market force known as?
What has caused higher rates of health and social problems?
What causes a lower level of economic growth?
What is lower in more unequal countries?
What has caused higher rates of health and social problems?
What happens to life expectancy in more unequal countries?
When did Robert J. Shiller say that rising inequality is the most important problem?
What is the most important problem?
What type of effect does high and persistent unemployment have on subsequent long-run economic growth?
What is a waste of resources?
Increasing inequality harms what type of growth?
What nationality are Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett?
What are the rates of health and social problems in countries and states with higher inequality?
What is the rate of social goods in countries with higher inequality?
How many developed countries did Wilkinson and Pickett use?
What are countries and states with higher levels of?
What did higher material living standards lead to?
Where does the pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still hold?
What increases rapidly as per capita income increases?
Who lives no longer on average than Greeks?
How was income distributed in Japan?
What is the characteristic that has strongly correlated with health in developed countries?
Who created the index of "Health and Social Problems"?
How many factors were used to create the index of "Health and Social Problems"?
Where are health and social problems more common?
What does the UNICEF index of child well-being in rich countries correlate with?
Crime rate has been shown to be correlated with what in society?
What are almost identically defined across all nations and jurisdictions?
How many studies have shown tendencies for violence to be more common in societies where income differences are larger?
How can half of the variation in homicide rates be accounted for?
How much difference in homicide rates is there among U.S States and Canadian Provinces?
What does the utilitarian principle seek for the greatest number of people?
A house that provides less utility to a millionaire than a homeless family of five is an example of reduced what?
An additional dollar spent by a poor person will go to things providing what to that person?
What happens to the marginal utility of wealth?
What will a society with more equality have for any given amount of wealth in society?
What is more important than income in the US?
What political party is the Cato Institute?
In what year was consumption inequality lower than it was in 1986?
Who wrote "The Hidden Prosperity of the Poor"?
Who is Thomas B. Edsall?
What is Raghuram Rajan's profession?
What has created deep financial 'fault lines'?
What was the most recent example of financial 'fault lines'?
What has political pressure developed to extend to the lower and middle income earners?
What has political pressure developed to extend to the lower and middle income earners?
What is negatively correlated with the duration of economic growth spells?
What does high levels of inequality prevent?
According to IMF staff economists, if the income share of the top 20 percent (the rich) increases, what happens to GDP growth over the medium term?
What is an increase in income share of the bottom 20 percent associated with?
Who matters the most for growth?
Who are David Castells-Quintana and Vicente Royuela?
According to economists David Castells-Quintana and Vicente Royuela, increasing inequality harms what?
What does high and persistent unemployment have a negative effect on?
Why does unemployment harm growth?
What effect does unemployment have on economic growth?
What did Joseph Stiglitz present in 2009?
How did global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth?
What is Joseph Stiglitz' profession?
What is the main reason for this shift?
What has become the secret to growth?
When did Galor and Zeira show that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development?
What is the effect of inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections on human capital formation and economic development?
What did a 1996 study by Perotti examine?
What is associated with lower levels of growth from reductions in private savings and investment?
What is reflected in lower rates of investment and therefore growth?
What did high levels of inequality do to growth in relatively poor countries?
What does high levels of inequality do to growth in richer countries?
What does Barro believe there is little relation between income inequality and rates of?
Where is Robert Barro from?
When did a study of Swedish counties find a positive impact of inequality on growth with lead times of five years or less?
What hypothesis states that with economic development, inequality first increases, then decreases?
What does the Kuznets curve hypothesis state about inequality?
Who argues that the "magical" Kuznets curve hypothesis cannot account for the significant increase in economic inequality throughout the developed world since the 1970s?
What is Thomas Piketty's profession?
What did Thomas Piketty claim reduced inequality from 1914 to 1945?
When were some theories developed to establish avenues through which inequality may have a positive effect on economic development?
Savings by the wealthy offset what?
What did a 2013 report on Nigeria suggest about growth?
How long does it take for effects to manifest as changes to economic growth?
What are longer growth spells associated with?
What must be made to ensure poorer sections of society are able to participate in economic growth?
What can the effect of economic growth on poverty reduction depend on?
What is the effect of economic growth on poverty?
Who is Ban Ki-Moon the Secretary General of?
What does Ban Ki-Moon say economic growth is not sufficient for?
What is held outside the formal or legal property ownership system?
How is unregistered property held in informal form?
What type of ownership is caused by excessive bureaucratic red tape in buying property and building?
How many steps can it take to build on government land?
In some countries it can take over 200 steps and up to 14 years to build on what?
What is caused in part by income inequality?
What decreased as demand for higher quality housing increased between 1984 and 1991?
Why did the number of quality rental units decrease between 1984 and 1991?
What did landlords find in East New York?
What made it difficult or impossible for low income residents to keep pace?
Who shares the costs of housing, pensions, education and health care?
What are those on lower incomes less equipped to manage?
What describes the process of middle income earners aspiring to achieve the standards of living enjoyed by their wealthier counterparts?
What is one method of achieving aspirational consumption?
Aspirational consumption leads to greater inequality and potential what?
The smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is what?
What is multiplied by a multiplier?
What is the result of more waste and pollution?
How can human inequality be addressed/corrected while still not resulting in an increase of environmental damage?
What do socialists attribute the vast disparities in wealth to?
How much of the population lives off unearned property income?
The vast majority of the population is dependent on income in the form of what?
How should the means of production be owned?
How would income differentials be of individual contributions to the social product?
Who argued that government redistributes wealth by force?
In what form did Robert Nozick say government redistribute wealth by force?
How did Robert Nozick argue that government redistribute wealth?
What were some modern economic inequalities the result of?
When are inequalities in the distribution of wealth justified?
What does the capabilities approach look at income inequality and poverty as a form of?
economic growth and income are considered a means to what?
What is the goal of the capabilities approach?
How does neoliberalism aim to widen people's choices and the level of their achieved well-being?
What is agency?
When a person's capabilities are lowered, they are in some way what?
How can an old, ill man earn?
What may prevent a woman from receiving an education or working outside the home?
Why does rampant violence in the area prevent people from going to work?
What can people work towards if they aren't denied their functionings, capabilities, and agency?
Who produces Doctor Who?
When was Doctor Who first aired in Britain?
What is the name of Doctor Who's space ship?
What is the exterior of the TARDIS?
What type of television show is Doctor Who?
When did Doctor Who first run?
Who was the showrunner and head writer for the first five years of the revival of Doctor Who?
What was the name of the pilot episode of Doctor Who in 1981?
Who produced Doctor Who in-house?
Who played the title role of Doctor Who in the first series of the 21st century?
How many actors have headlined the series as the Doctor?
Who took on the role of the Doctor after Matt Smith's exit in the 2013 Christmas special?
What was the name of the 2013 Christmas special?
When does the character of the Doctor take on a new body and personality?
What does the character of the Doctor take on after sustaining an injury that would be fatal to most other species?
Where is Doctor Who's main character from?
What is the name of the Time Lord's time machine?
What does TARDIS stand for?
What does the TARDIS have that allows it to take on the appearance of local objects as a disguise?
Why does the Doctor's TARDIS remain fixed as a blue British Police box?
How often does the Doctor travel alone?
Who is another renegade Time Lord?
What ability does the Doctor have when his body is mortally damaged?
Who are the Doctor's companions?
What does the Doctor have the ability to regenerate when his body is mortally damaged?
When did Doctor Who first appear on BBC TV?
What was the name of the second Doctor Who serial?
Why was the script rejected?
Who wrote 'The Mutants'?
How long was each episode of Doctor Who?
How many seasons did the BBC's serials division produce Doctor Who?
Who was the controller of BBC 1 in 1989?
In what documentary did Sophie Aldred report that Doctor Who was cancelled?
What did the BBC say would happen to Doctor Who?
On what network was Doctor Who broadcast for 26 seasons?
What did the BBC want to do with Doctor Who?
Who was a British expatriate who worked for Columbia Pictures' television arm in the US?
What network broadcast Doctor Who in 1996?
How many viewers did Doctor Who have in the UK?
Where did Philip Segal work for Columbia Pictures' television arm?
What episode of Doctor Who did BBC One broadcast on March 26, 2005?
In what year did Doctor Who return to BBC One?
When was Doctor Who's last full series filmed?
Who replaced Steven Moffat as head writer and executive producer in 2018?
What type of specials have been made on Doctor Who every year since 2005?
When was the original series of Doctor Who?
What version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963-1989 series?
When was the telefilm version of Doctor Who released?
What are two examples of reboots of Doctor Who?
What was the 1988 continuation of Doctor Who?
When did the BBC broadcast the second episode?
How long did it take for the first episode to go out?
How long did it take for the first episode to be broadcast?
What event caused the delay in the first episode?
Why did the BBC believe many viewers had missed the introduction to a new series?
What phrase entered British pop culture?
Who named their exhibition celebrating Doctor Who "Behind the Sofa"?
What was the name of the exhibition celebrating Doctor Who?
What did a 2011 online vote at Digital Spy deem the Doctor Who series to be?
Who voted for Doctor Who's "scariest TV show of all time" in 2011?
What was the most violent of the drama programmes the corporation produced at the time?
What percentage of the surveyed audience regarded the show as "very unsuitable" for family viewing?
Who was the journalist who responded to the findings of the survey in The Times newspaper?
What show was compared to the property market in London?
Where was the survey published?
What image has become firmly linked to Doctor Who in the public's consciousness?
What design did the BBC apply for a trade mark to use in merchandising associated with Doctor Who?
What did Anthony Coburn think of a police box as?
Who filed an objection to the BBC's trade mark claim in 1998?
When did the Patent Office rule in favor of the BBC?
How many seasons did Doctor Who run on BBC One?
When did Doctor Who end?
How many episodes were in The Daleks' Master Plan?
What was the name of the rogue Time Lord in season 8 of Doctor Who?
What was the name of the 20th season of Doctor Who?
When did the serial format change?
How long were the episodes in the 2005 revival?
On what day was the extended episode broadcast?
What episode exceeded an hour in length in 2008?
What year was "The Eleventh Hour" released?
How many Doctor Who instalments have been televised since 1963?
What is the most common format for Doctor Who episodes?
How many Christmas specials have been televised since 1963?
How long were the Christmas specials?
In what year did "Planet of the Dead" begin?
Who were the first two Doctors of Doctor Who?
How many of the 253 episodes produced during the first six years of Doctor Who are not held in the BBC's archives?
Which seasons of Doctor Who are missing from the BBC's archives?
When was the practice of wiping tapes and destroying "spare" film copies brought to a stop?
When were large amounts of older material stored in the BBC's various video tape and film libraries destroyed?
Why were some episodes returned to the BBC?
Who made videotape recordings off-air?
Along with Marco Polo and The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve, what was the only story from the show to be retrieved?
What type of film were some episodes filmed on?
Who made audio versions of all of the lost episodes?
Who has released official reconstructions of The Invasion?
Which animation studio reconstructed episodes 1 and 4 of The Invasion?
When was The Invasion released?
Who animated the missing episodes of The Reign of Terror?
When was the DVD release of The Invasion?
What concept was introduced to allow the recasting of the main character?
When was the concept of regeneration first conceived?
What prompted the concept of regeneration?
What did Hartnell's Doctor describe undergoing?
What did the Second Doctor undergo?
How many times can a Time Lord regenerate?
How many incarnations did a Time Lord have?
What episode depicted the Doctor acquiring a new cycle of regenerations?
What serials established that a Time Lord can only regenerate 12 times?
In what year did a TV film establish that a Time Lord can only regenerate 12 times?
Who guest-starred as a hitherto unknown incarnation of the Doctor known as the War Doctor in 2013?
In what special did John Hurt guest-starred as a hitherto unknown incarnation of the Doctor known as the War Doctor?
Who portrayed the Valeyard in The Trial of a Time Lord?
What 1986 serial featured Michael Jayston as the Valeyard?
Whose Doctors were inserted into the fictional chronology of Doctor Who?
What was John Hurt's role in "The Name of the Doctor"?
In what 1973 episode did William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton return alongside Jon Pertwee?
Who did Troughton and Pertwee return to star with in 1983's The Five Doctors?
What is the name of the story in which the First Doctor encounters himself?
What was the 50th anniversary episode of Doctor Who called?
Who appeared together in the 1999 audio adventure The Sirens of Time?
What was the name of the audio drama released in 2003?
Who appeared in The Four Doctors in 2010?
Who were Peter Davison, Colin Baker, Sylvester McCoy, and Paul McGann in the 1999 audio adventure The Sirens of Time?
When was Zagreus released?
In what episode did the Eleventh Doctor clarify he was the product of the twelfth regeneration?
What was the name of the 1976 episode that hinted that the First Doctor may not have been the first incarnation?
What was the name of the 1983 episode in which the Fifth Doctor confirmed he was in his fifth incarnation?
In what episode did the Eleventh Doctor call himself the Eleventh?
When was Mawdryn Undead released?
What was the name of the first episode of Doctor Who?
Who is the granddaughter of the Doctor?
When was "The Empty Child" released?
What happened to the Ninth Doctor's home planet in 2005?
What was the name of the 2007 series in which the Ninth Doctor was asked if he had a brother?
What is a companion usually?
What is the only story from the original series in which the Doctor travels alone?
Who was the Doctor's first companion?
Who was Barbara Wright?
What was the name of Mary Tamm and Lalla Ward's notable companion?
Who occupies a larger narrative role?
Who were the secondary companions of the Ninth and Tenth Doctors?
What series was the first to travel with a married couple?
Who is the Doctor's newest traveling companion?
Who was Donna Noble's primary companion?
Who was the executive producer of Doctor Who in 2005?
In what series were the Autons and Daleks introduced?
Who were the Daleks and Autons in series 2 of Doctor Who?
In what series were the Macra and the Master introduced?
Who was introduced in the 50th Anniversary Special?
Who are Doctor Who's oldest villains?
Where are the Daleks from?
What is the main role of the Dalek in the Doctor Who plot?
Who mutated the Daleks?
What is the Dalek's main weakness?
Who is the Doctor's archenemy?
Who is the Master?
Who played the Master in the 1996 television movie of Doctor Who?
What was the Master referred to as?
Who was the first actor to play the Master?
Who provided the character's re-introduction in the 2007 episode "Utopia"?
What episode provided Derek Jacobi's re-introduction?
In what year was it revealed that the Master had become a female incarnation?
What was the name of the female incarnation of the Master?
Who plays the Master in "Dark Water"?
Who composed the original theme?
Where was Delia Derbyshire from?
What type of techniques were used to build up the parts of the theme?
How many seasons did the Derbyshire arrangement serve as the theme tune up to the end of?
What did Grainer ask when he heard the final result of the theme tune?
Who recorded a different arrangement for season 18 of Doctor Who?
Who recorded the arrangement for The Trial of a Time Lord in season 23 of Doctor Who?
What season did Keff McCulloch provide the new arrangement for?
Who provided a new arrangement for the return of Doctor Who in 2005?
What episode featured a modified closing credits arrangement?
What episode introduced a new arrangement of the theme?
What radio station did the theme tune chart at number 228 in 2011?
In what year did Gold return as composer?
Where did the theme tune chart on Classic FM's Hall of Fame in 2011?
Who was responsible for a new version of the theme tune?
Who played the Third Doctor?
Who released a disco version of the Doctor Who theme in 1978?
What number did the disco version of the Doctor Who theme reach in the UK charts?
What was the name of the single released by The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu?
What was the name of the single released by The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu?
Who was the most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years of Doctor Who?
What was Simpson's first Doctor Who score?
When did Simpson write music for many adventures?
What was Simpson's final Doctor Who score?
What was Dudley Simpson's cameo appearance in as a Music hall conductor?
Who performed the incidental music for Doctor Who?
Who performed the incidental music for Doctor Who?
When was a Doctor Who Prom celebrated?
What was the name of the mini-episode starring David Tennant?
Who composed the incidental music for Doctor Who?
How many soundtracks have been released since 2005?
The first soundtrack featured tracks from what series?
What did the fourth soundtrack contain?
What was the name of the 2010 Christmas special soundtrack?
When was the soundtrack for Series 5 released?
What was reused in a slightly modified format for the 50th anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor"?
Which Doctor's logo had the "DW" TARDIS insignia removed?
What is the primary logo used on all media and merchandise relating to past Doctors?
What logo was used for the Third Doctor's final season?
The logo used for which Doctor had the "DW" TARDIS insignia placed to the right in 2012?
What event caused the first episode of Doctor Who to be repeated the next week?
Where did Doctor Who first appear?
When was Tom Baker's second period of high ratings?
When was the Daleksmania period?
On what channel are Doctor Who episodes now repeated?
When did viewership peak at 16 million?
What was seen as poor at the time?
What was the most popular show at the time?
What was the soap opera Coronation Street?
What was the third period of high viewership?
What station broadcast The Five Doctors two days prior to BBC One's broadcast?
In what country did the 1988 story Silver Nemesis air back to back on TVNZ?
Where did CITV broadcast Silver Nemesis?
How long did it take for Silver Nemesis to air on CITV?
On what date did The Five Doctors begin?
Who broadcasts The Five Doctors on ABC1?
What did the ABC provide for the 20th anniversary special of The Five Doctors?
On what channel did classic and modern episodes of The Five Doctors first appear after SF's closure?
What did ABC do in 2003 for the show's 40th anniversary?
On what ABC channel is the modern series first broadcast?
When did TVOntario pick up The Three Doctors?
What was the first show that TVOntario picked up in 1976?
What channel did The Talons of Weng-Chiang move to in 2009?
What episode was cancelled due to accusations that the story was racist?
Who was the science-fiction writer who aired TVO airings from 1979 to 1981?
Who recorded special video introductions for each episode of Doctor Who?
What was played over the closing credits?
Billie Piper recorded a special video introduction for what episode of Doctor Who?
When did CBC begin airing series two?
On what day did the CFL double header take place in most of the country?
Where are Doctor Who serials available on DVD?
How many Doctor Who serials have been released on Laserdisc?
What episode of Doctor Who was released on VCD?
What story was released in July 2013?
When are Doctor Who serials available on Blu-ray?
Who played the role of the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday?
What was the name of the play that featured Jon Pertwee and Colin Baker?
What was the name of the play that Terry Nation wrote?
What was the role of Trevor Martin in the early 1970s?
Who played the Doctor while Pertwee was ill?
What was the name of the Doctor Who spin-off series?
When did Doctor Who's Torchwood series debut on BBC Three?
When did a second series of Torchwood air?
What was the name of the five-part story in the third series of Doctor Who?
What was the name of the fourth series of Doctor Who?
Who starred in The Sarah Jane Adventures?
When did the full series of The Sarah Jane Adventures begin?
In what year did David Tennant appear as the Tenth Doctor?
In what year did Matt Smith reprise his role as the Eleventh Doctor?
Why was the final series of The Sarah Jane Adventures unfinished in 2011?
What was the name of the charity special produced for Children in Need?
What charity was Dimensions in Time produced for?
What soap opera did Dimensions in Time crossover with?
What did the Pulfrich effect require?
What effect did the BBC's 3D system make use of?
What was the name of the 1999 special that was made for Comic Relief?
How many segments did Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death have?
Who played the Doctor in Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death?
Who played Hugh Grant in Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death?
What was Steven Moffat's role in Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death?
What is another name for Star Trek: The Next Generation?
What Family Guy episodes have references to Doctor Who?
What Channel 4 series portrayed Vince as an avid Doctor Who fan?
What character in Coupling is portrayed as a Doctor Who collector and enthusiast?
What is the name of the video game Rock Band?
What was the earliest Doctor Who audio release?
How long was the first Doctor Who audio release?
What was the name of the first original Doctor Who audio release?
When was the first commercially available audiobook released?
What was the first radio drama transmitted during a hiatus?
Which Doctors were featured in the earliest Doctor Who audios?
What was the first series of Doctor Who audiobooks?
Who has released Doctor Who audios on CD since 1999?
When did Big Finish Productions release Doctor Who audios on CD?
When did Tom Baker's Fourth Doctor begin appearing for Big Finish?
When did Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures launch?
When were Doctor Who books first published?
How long has the Doctor Who Magazine been published?
Who publishes the Doctor Who Magazine?
Who has published a new range of novels since the relaunch of Doctor Who in 2005?
When was the character created by BBC Television?
Who created the Doctor Who character?
Who has expressed distaste for the idea of canonic stories?
Who continues to produce Doctor Who episodes?
In what year did the show win the British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series?
When did the National Television Awards take place?
In what year was Matt Smith nominated for a BAFTA Television Award for Best Actor?
Who was the first female to receive a BAFTA nomination?
What nomination did Michelle Gomez receive for her work as Missy?
Where is Doctor Who listed as the longest-running science fiction television show in the world?
What was the longest-running science fiction television show in the world?
What type of music did Doctor Who pioneer?
In what year did the Peabody Awards award Doctor Who an Institutional Peabody?
What was the name of Doctor Who's special?
What season of Doctor Who won a Writers' Guild of Great Britain award in 1975?
What was voted as the "Best Popular Drama" the corporation had ever produced?
In 2000, Doctor Who was ranked where on a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes of the 20th century?
What magazine ranked Doctor Who as "The Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series Ever"?
In a 2001 countdown, where did Doctor Who rank in the 100 Greatest Kids' TV shows?
What is the highest-profile and most prestigious British television award for which Doctor Who has ever been nominated?
How many BAFTA TV Awards did Doctor Who win?
How many BAFTA Cymru awards did Doctor Who win?
In what year was Doctor Who voted the 3rd greatest show of the 2000s?
What award did Doctor Who win for its portrayal of Vincent van Gogh?
How many times has Doctor Who won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation?
How many awards has Doctor Who been nominated for?
How many awards has Doctor Who won?
Who won Best Actor in the 2012 National Television awards?
What episode won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation in 2010?
Who was a comedian who spoofed Doctor Who?
Who frequently impersonates the Fourth Doctor in the BBC Dead Ringers series?
What does Spike Milligan throw at Dalek's bathroom?
What has been lampooned on programs such as Saturday Night Live, The Chaser's War on Everything, Family Guy, South Park, Community as Inspector Spacetime, and The Big Bang Theory?
In what series does Jon Culshaw impersonate the Fourth Doctor?
What is the University of Chicago?
When was the University of Chicago established?
How many professional schools are there at the University of Chicago?
How many academic research divisions are there at the University of Chicago?
How many students are in the College?
What have scholars played a major role in the development of?
What department helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the university's Stagg Field?
Where is the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction?
What is the largest university press in the US?
When is the Barack Obama Presidential Center expected to be completed?
Who founded the University of Chicago?
Who donated a donation to the University of Chicago?
Who was the first president of the University of Chicago?
When did William Rainey Harper become president of the University of Chicago?
When were the first classes held at the University of Chicago?
Who donated the land to the University of Chicago?
Who provided the funds for the first building at the University of Chicago?
What was the name of the first building at the University of Chicago?
How much money did Marshall Field donate to the University of Chicago?
Who was the trustee, treasurer and donor of Hutchinson Commons?
What did the University of Chicago affiliated with in the 1890s?
In what year did the University of Chicago affiliated with Shimer College?
How did the University of Chicago confer a degree on a graduating senior?
What happened to the University of Chicago's free tuition program in 1910?
When did the University of Chicago's degree program pass into history?
Who was the university's fifth president in 1929?
What was the liberal-arts curriculum called?
Why did Hutchins eliminate varsity football from the university?
How long was Hutchins in office?
In what year did Robert Maynard Hutchins become president of the University of Chicago?
In what decade did student applications decline?
Why did student applications decline in the early 1950s?
When did students enrolled at Shimer automatically transfer to the University of Chicago?
In what neighborhood did student applications decline in the 1950s?
What did the early entrant program do?
When did students occupy President Beadle's office?
What was the reason students occupied President Beadle's office?
In what year was the Kalven Report issued?
What was the Kalven Report?
What was the purpose of the Kalven Report?
When did the University of Chicago begin a number of multimillion-dollar expansion projects?
What did the University of Chicago announce in 2008?
How much will the Milton Friedman Institute cost?
The Milton Friedman Institute will occupy what building?
Who donated $300 million to the Booth School of Business?
What are the first buildings of the University of Chicago campus now known as?
How many quadrangles are in the Main Quadrangles?
Who designed the buildings of the Main Quadrangles?
What is theMitchell Tower modeled after?
What is Hutchinson Hall modeled after?
When did the Gothic style on campus begin to give way to modern styles?
Who designed the Laird Bell Law Quadrangle?
What school did Ludwig Mies van der Rohe design a building for?
What is Edward Durrell Stone's school?
When was the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center built?
Where does the Booth School of Business have campuses?
The Center in Paris is located on the left bank of what river?
In what year did the University of Chicago open a center in Beijing?
What university has a campus in the Haidian District?
When did a center in Hong Kong open?
Who governs the University of Chicago?
How many members are on the Board of Trustees?
How many Vice Presidents are there at the University of Chicago?
Who is the Chairman of the Board of Trustees?
Who is the President of the University of Chicago?
Who is the University of Chicago accredited by?
How many divisions of graduate research does the University of Chicago have?
How many professional schools are there at the University of Chicago?
How many academic majors are there at the College of the University of Chicago?
How many minors are granted by the College of the University of Chicago?
How many divisions are the College of the University of Chicago's academics divided into?
What division administers interdisciplinary majors and studies?
What is the core curriculum at the University of Chicago called?
How many students were in the Core classes at the University of Chicago in 2012-2013?
According to Uni in the USA, what kind of learning experience does UChicago provide?
Who said that UChicago provides the most rigorous, intense learning experience?
What is the name of the private day school for K-12 students?
What is a residential treatment program for those with behavioral and emotional problems?
How many public charter schools are on the South Side of Chicago?
How many charter schools are on the South Side of Chicago?
Where is the Hyde Park Day School located?
How many libraries are in the University of Chicago's library system?
How many volumes does the University of Chicago's library system contain?
What is the main library of the University of Chicago?
When was the Joe and Rika Mansueto Library built?
How many volumes does the John Crerar Library contain?
How many research institutes does the university operate?
How many research centers does the university operate on campus?
What is the name of the museum and research center for Near Eastern studies?
What is the name of the nearby particle physics laboratory?
Where is the Apache Point Observatory located?
What has the University of Chicago played an important role in in economics?
What was the first self-sustained man-made nuclear reaction?
What was the name of the chemical experiment that tested how life originated on early Earth?
In what year was REM sleep discovered at the University of Chicago?
When did UChicago offer a doctorate in music composition?
When did UChicago offer a doctorate in Cinema & Media studies?
In what year did UChicago offer a bachelor's degree in Cinema & Media studies?
In what year did UChicago offer a bachelor's degree in theater & performance studies?
How many undergraduates enroll annually in creative and performing arts classes?
How many students did the University of Chicago enroll in the fall quarter of 2014?
How many students were enrolled in the four graduate divisions of the University of Chicago in 2014?
How many students were enrolled in the professional schools of the University of Chicago in 2014?
How many students were enrolled in the fall quarter of 2014?
Who comprised almost 19% of the overall study body in the 2012 Spring Quarter?
What does the UA stand for?
In what division do the Maroons compete?
What conference was the University of Chicago a founding member of?
Who was the first winner of the Heisman Trophy?
Why did the University of Chicago withdraw from the conference in 1946?
How many RSOs are there at the University of Chicago?
What are RSOs?
What is a notable extracurricular group at the University of Chicago?
What is the nation's longest continuously running student film society?
What is the nation's second oldest continuously running student improvisational theater troupe?
Who is Student Government made up of?
Who leads Student Government?
How many Vice Presidents assist the Executive Committee?
How much is the annual budget of Student Government?
How many fraternities are at the University of Chicago?
How many sororities are there at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the co-ed community service fraternity at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the co-ed community service fraternity at the University of Chicago?
How many of the fraternities form the University of Chicago Interfraternity Council?
When is the Scavenger Hunt held?
When did the Scavenger Hunt begin?
What does FOTA stand for?
What is the name of the winter festival held by the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the summer carnival held by the University of Chicago?
Who is the Microsoft CEO?
Who was the third richest man in America?
Who was the third richest man in America?
Who is the former Governor of New Jersey?
Who was the author of the first management accounting textbook?
Who was the founder of modern community organizing?
Who was the Obama campaign advisor and top political advisor to Bill Clinton?
Who is the Attorney General and federal judge?
Who is the Governor of the Bank of Japan?
Who is a Prohibition agent?
Who wrote "The Closing of the American Mind"?
Who is an American writer and satirist?
Who is the author of the New York Times bestseller Before I Fall?
Who is the author of ''The Good War'?
Who is the Pulitzer Prize winning novelist?
Who is the minimalist composer?
Who is the Bungie founder and developer of the Halo video game series?
Alex Seropian is the developer of what video game series?
Who is the actor who starred in the film Life Itself?
Who is the director, writer, and comedian of the 2014 documentary film Life Itself?
Who was a prominent contributor to the scientific research of extraterrestrial life?
Who was a NASA astronaut?
Who is Jeannette Piccard?
Who was the lithium-ion battery developer?
Who developed the uranium-lead dating method?
Who was the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences?
Who is a Nobel laureate and proponent of regulatory capture theory?
Who was the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences?
Who is known for his work on portfolio theory, asset pricing and stock market behaviour?
Who discovered the fossil of a female hominid australopithecine known as "Lucy"?
Who was a chess grandmaster?
Who was the White House Coordinator of Security Planning for the National Security Council?
Who was the speed of light calculator?
Who discovered the Compton Effect?
Who was the creator of the first nuclear reactor?
Who was one of the most brilliant and productive experimental physicists of the twentieth century?
Who was the second female Nobel laureate?
Who was the founder of McKinsey & Co.?
Who was a mathematician?
Who was a meteorologist?
Who was the Nobel Prize winner of the actinide concept?
Who are two cancer researchers?
Who is the current governor of India's central bank?
What company was Hank Paulson the CEO of?
Who is a Shakespeare scholar?
Who are two renowned political scientists?
Who are two paleontologists?
What was the pinyin name of the Yuan dynasty?
What was the official name of the Yuan dynasty?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
When did Kublai Khan declare the Yuan dynasty?
The Yuan dynasty is considered a successor to what empire?
What dynasty did the Yuan dynasty follow?
What dynasty preceded the Yuan dynasty?
Who was the founder of the Yuan dynasty?
When did Kublai Khan establish the Yuan dynasty?
Where is the sentence "Dà Yuán" from?
What was the Mongolian counterpart to the name Great Yuan?
What does Yeke Mongghul Ulus mean?
The Yuan is sometimes known as the "Empire of the Great Khan" or "Khanate of the Great Khan"?
What tribes did Genghis Khan unite?
When did Genghis Khan become Great Khan?
Who was Genghis' third son?
In what year did Möngke Khan become Great Khan?
Who was Kublai?
Who did many Han Chinese and Khitan defect to the Mongols to fight against?
Who commanded the 3 Tumens in the Mongol army?
Who commanded the 3 Tumens in the Mongol army?
How many troops were in each Tumen?
How many Khitan Tumens were in the Mongol army?
Who was Shi Tianze's father?
What dynasty did Shi Tianze live in?
Where was interethnic marriage common during the Jin dynasty?
Who was Shi Tianze's father?
What dynasty did Chagaan and Zhang Rou attack?
Who commenced a military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty?
Where was the Chinese Song dynasty located?
When did Möngke Khan die?
What was the name of Kublai's brother?
What was the name of Kublai's government in the Chinese era?
Whose grandson refused to submit to Kublai?
Where did the Song dynasty remain an obstacle?
Who was installed as the ruler of Korea in 1259?
In what direction did Kublai secure the border of Korea?
When did Li Tan instigate a revolt against Mongol rule?
What was the compromise between in Kublai's government?
What did Kublai leave unchanged?
Who occupied the lowest rank in the Yuan society?
How many classes did Kublai divide the Yuan society into?
What were Kublai's monopolies on?
Where was the Mongol capital originally located?
Where was the Mongol capital moved in 1264?
When did Kublai move the Mongol capital to Khanbaliq?
What was the former capital of Jurchen?
What rituals did Khublai follow to evoke his public image as a sage emperor?
What types of growth did Kublai Khan promote?
What does Pax Mongolica mean?
Where did Kublai expand the Grand Canal?
Where did Kublai expand the Grand Canal?
Who wrote the most influential European account of Yuan China?
Who invited the southern Duke Yansheng Kong Zhu to return to Qufu?
When did the Jin dynasty begin?
When did the Jin dynasty end?
Who was Kong Duanyou's brother?
How many descendants of Confucius lived in Quzhou?
Where did Kublai strengthen his government?
When was Xiangyang besieged?
What basin did Kublai besiege between 1268 and 1273?
What was the wealthiest city of China?
What happened to the last Song emperor?
When did Kublai's government face financial difficulties?
Why did Kublai's second invasion of Japan fail?
Who did the Tran dynasty rule?
What battle did the Tran dynasty defeat the Mongols at?
When was the Battle of Bch ng?
When was the conquest of Dali?
Who did Kublai originally name as the Crown Prince?
When did Zhenjin die?
What is another name for Temür Khan?
When did Temür Khan rule?
Who was the fourth Yuan emperor?
What did Buyantu Khan do after the reign of Kublai?
Who mentored Buyantu Khan?
What department did Buyantu Khan liquidate?
When were traditional imperial examinations reintroduced?
Who was Ayurbarwada's son?
When did Emperor Gegeen Khan rule?
Who was Gegeen Khan's grand chancellor?
What does 'Da Yuan Tong Zhi' mean?
How many princes were involved in the coup?
Where did Yesün Temür die?
What was the civil war against Ragibagh known as?
How long after a banquet did Kusala die?
Who purged pro-Kusala officials and brought power to warlords?
Who was recalled to Khanbaliq after Yesün Temür's death?
What is Tugh Temür known for?
What was the name of the academy founded by Tugh Temür?
When was the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature established?
What was the name of Tugh Temür's institutional compendium?
What did Tugh Temür support?
When did Tugh Temür die?
Who was Rinchinbal?
When did Tugh Temür die?
How many successors of Kublai Khan were there?
What dynasties did Toghtogha finish in 1345?
What were the final years of the Yuan dynasty marked by?
How did the Mongols view the Yuan dynasty?
Who were the later Yuan emperors separated from?
What happened without interference from the weakening Yuan armies?
What were the later Yuan emperors uninterested in?
When did people in the countryside suffer from frequent natural disasters?
What uprising began in 1351?
Why did Toghun Temür dismiss Toghtogha?
Who did Toghtogha lead a large army to crush in 1354?
When was the Mng dynasty founded?
What promoted trade between East and West?
What produced a fair amount of cultural exchange?
What was the name of the ally and subordinate of the Yuan dynasty in Persia?
What crops were popularized during the Yuan dynasty?
What type of musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts?
What religions enjoyed a period of toleration?
What religion was persecuted by the Yuan government?
What governmental practices and examinations based on the Classics were reinstated by the Yuan court?
Advances were realized in what fields?
Who was the most famous traveler of the period?
What was the capital of the Great Khan?
What is Il milione known as in English?
What was the name of the account of Marco Polo's travels?
How did Marco Polo acquire much of his knowledge?
Who helped the Yuan reform the lunisolar calendar?
What was the accuracy of the lunisolar calendar?
What was ordered to protect against famines?
Which city became the terminus of the Grand Canal of China?
What food crop was introduced to China by the West?
Who ruled all of China during the Yuan dynasty?
What are Mongols widely known to worship?
What dynasty was the Ming dynasty a part of?
What dynasty overthrew the Yuan dynasty?
What did Chinese people view the Yuan dynasty as?
What cultures did Kublai Khan's bureaucracy reflect?
What dynasties did the Chinese-style elements of the Yuan government come from?
Who gave strong influence to Kublai's early court?
What type of division of authority did the Yuan government adopt?
What three offices did the Yuan government divide its authority among?
Where did the real military authority in Yuan times reside?
When were the Six Ministries introduced?
Who had separate courts of justice?
What ministry was insignificant compared to native Chinese dynasties?
When was the 'Phags-pa script invented?
What languages did the 'Phags-pa script spell?
How did most of the Emperors speak Chinese?
Whose mother was a Tangut concubine?
What was Tugh Temur's nickname?
When did commoners sell their children into slavery?
When did Kublai forbade the sale of Mongols abroad?
What was eaten up by the costs of equipping and dispatching men for their tours of duty?
What areas of the arts were developed during the Yuan era?
What three arts came together during the Yuan dynasty?
What dynasty and the Yuan dynasty are linked together?
What form of poetry was used by most of the famous Yuan poets?
What variety show incorporated poetry from both classical and newer qu forms?
What khanates did the Yuan dynasty not convert to Islam?
What religion did Kublai Khan favor?
What was established as the de facto state religion?
What was the top-level department and government agency known as?
What sect of Tibetan Buddhism did Kublai Khan favor?
When was Zhu Shijie born?
When did Zhu Shijie die?
What are the coefficients in the Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns equivalent to?
What algebra did mathematicians advance during the Yuan era?
When was the Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns written?
What did Guo Shoujing do?
What did Guo Shoujing derived for his astronomical calculations?
What was the name of Guo Shoujing's calendar?
What is another name for the Shoushi Li calendar?
When was the Shoushi Li disseminated as the official calendar of the Yuan dynasty?
What were otachi?
What did the Mongols characterize otachi doctors by using?
What type of cures did Mongol shamanism use?
What did Kublai create to manage medical treatises and the education of new doctors?
Why were Confucian scholars attracted to the medical profession?
How many schools were based on the same intellectual foundation?
How did the Yuan inherit the four Great Schools?
Why were Chinese physicians brought along by the Mongols?
What techniques were transmitted westward to the Middle East and the rest of the empire?
When did Wei Yilin die?
What is another name for Western medicine?
Who founded the Office of Western Medicine?
When was the Office of Western Medicine founded?
What contradicted the yin-yang and wuxing philosophy underlying traditional Chinese medicine?
What philosophy underlying traditional Chinese medicine did Chinese physicians oppose?
How was Chinese printing technology transferred to the Mongols?
Who wrote Nong Shu?
When was earthenware movable type invented?
Who was gedei's wife?
When was the Imperial Library Directorate created?
What was the name of the paper money of the Yuan?
What were the chao made from?
When did the Yuan switch to bronze plates?
What did the Yuan government use to print paper money?
When did the Il-khanate government issue paper money?
What was the Mongolian system of government the result of a compromise between?
What system of government was created by Kublai Khan?
Who were the Mongols and the Semuren?
What color did the Yuan regime have?
Where did Persians reach the highest post in the government?
Who did the Mongols import to serve as administrators in China?
Who did the Mongols send to Bukhara?
Where were the Han Chinese moved to by the Mongols?
What did the Han Chinese work as?
Who was the Governor of Samarqand?
What were some of the policies of the Yuan Emperors that discriminated against Muslims?
What practice did the Yuan Emperors restrict for Jews?
Who was the founder of the Ming?
What did some Muslim communities have a Chinese surname that meant "barracks"?
Who revolted against the Yuan dynasty?
Who wrote that the use of the term "social classes" for the four-class system was misleading?
What did the four-class system entail?
What kind of Chinese were there?
What did the Mongol and Semu do?
Which Chinese were ranked higher?
Which Chinese were ranked lower because southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in?
Why were the Northern Chinese ranked lower than the Southern Chinese?
What was the reason people were placed in a certain class?
What did major commerce during this era give rise to favorable conditions for?
Who surrendered peacefully without violently resisting?
Who did the Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan say was higher than the Uighur King of Qocho?
Who was ranked higher than the Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler?
How did the Uighurs surrender to the Mongols?
What was considered the most important region of the dynasty?
Who governed the Central Region?
Where was the Central Secretariat located?
Where is Khanbaliq?
What is another name for the Central Secretariat?
Where is Kenya located?
What does EAC stand for?
What is Kenya's largest city?
What country borders Kenya to the south?
How many people lived in Kenya in July 2014?
What type of climate does Kenya have?
What is the climate like in the savannah grasslands around Nairobi?
What mountain has snow permanently on its peaks?
Along with what two countries is the north-eastern region of Kenya semi-arid?
What is Kenya known for?
When was the African Great Lakes region inhabited by humans?
When did the Bantu expansion reach the area from West-Central Africa?
What two populations make up 97% of the population?
When did European exploration of the interior of Kenya begin?
When did Kenya gain independence?
What is the Republic of Kenya named after?
What are the three Kikuyu, Embu and Kamba words that mean "God's resting place"?
What does Kiinyaa mean?
What were the names of Mt. Kenya?
What do some believe about the pronunciation of the word Kenya?
Who drawn a map in 1882 that indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia, 1862?
In what year was Mt. Kenya listed as Mt. Kenia?
What are the lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros, and elephant?
What are the "Big Five" game animals of Africa?
Where can the Big Five game animals be found in Kenya?
When does the annual animal migration occur?
How far does the wildebeest migrate from the Serengeti to the Masai Mara?
How long ago did primates roam the area?
When did Homo habilis and Homo erectus live in Kenya?
Who discovered the Turkana Boy?
How old was the Turkana Boy fossil?
Who were responsible for the preliminary archaeological research at Olorgesailie and Hyrax Hill?
Who built Mombasa into a major port city?
What city did the Swahili build into a major port city?
Who claimed that Mombasa is a place of great traffic and has a good harbour?
What coast has played host to many merchants and explorers?
What is one of the cities that line the Kenyan coast?
Malindi has remained an important Swahili settlement since what century?
When did World War I begin?
Who agreed to a truce in an effort to keep the young colonies out of direct hostilities?
Who took command of the German military?
How did Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck perform?
Where did von Lettow-Vorbeck surrender fourteen days after the Armistice was signed?
Where did the Kikuyu people live?
How did the Kikuyu people live?
What did the settlers do to protect their interests?
How many white settlers lived in Kenya in the 1950s?
When was Warhi Itote captured?
What was the result of the interrogation of Warhi Itote?
When did Operation Anvil open?
How many Mau Mau were killed by the end of Operation Anvil?
What was the Swynnerton Plan?
When were the first direct elections for native Kenyans to the Legislative Council?
Who formed a government?
When did the Colony of Kenya and the Protectorate of Kenya end?
When did the Colony of Kenya and the Protectorate of Kenya end?
What was the name of Kenya's republic?
What was the mlolongo system?
What did the mlolongo system lead to?
Who won re-election in 1992 and 1997?
What type of republic is Kenya?
What two positions are held by the President of Kenya?
How is executive power exercised in Kenya?
Who has legislative power in Kenya?
What branch of the judiciary is independent of the executive?
How does Kenya rank on Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index?
What does the Corruption Perception Index attempt to do?
Where did Kenya rank on the CPI in 2012?
What does EACC stand for?
What party was Kibaki under?
Who was the main opposition party in the presidential elections?
How did Kibaki win the election?
Who declared himself the "people's president"?
What did the government and civil society organizations do after the election riots?
Who initiated community dialogues?
What church in Kenya started peace meetings?
What process was started after the election riots?
When did Kibaki and Odinga sign an agreement?
What position would Odinga hold in Kenya's coalition government?
What camps would the president appoint cabinet ministers from?
How would the president appoint cabinet ministers?
How long would the coalition hold?
What is the new office of the PM?
Who were the two former rivals at the signing ceremony?
Where did the ceremony take place?
When did representatives of PNU and ODM begin working on the finer details of the power-sharing agreement?
What was the goal of the grand coalition?
What was a constitutional change considered?
When was a referendum held to vote on the proposed constitution?
What did the new constitution do?
When was the new constitution promulgated?
What did the new constitution herald?
When was the Security Laws Amendment Bill signed?
What was the purpose of the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
Who criticized the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
Why did opposition politicians, human rights groups, and nine Western countries criticize the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
Which countries issued a press statement cautioning about the law's potential impact?
Why did Barack Obama not visit Kenya during his mid-2013 African trip?
Who was the first American president to visit Kenya while in office?
What country did President Xi Jinping invite Kenyatta to visit?
When did Barack Obama visit Kenya?
Where are the armed forces regularly deployed?
What caused a commission of inquiry?
What have there been serious allegations of?
What has been tainted by corruption allegations?
Why has corruption been less in public view?
What happened in 2010?
What has been publicly questioned?
What is Kenya's Human Development Index?
What is the biggest and most advanced economy in east and central Africa?
As of 2005, what did 17.7% of Kenyans live on?
What type of market is Kenya usually classified as?
What has boosted East and Central Africa's biggest economy over the last decade?
What is an important catalyst of economic growth?
What is the smallest sector?
What percentage of the GDP does the agricultural sector employ?
What percentage of Kenya's GDP does tourism contribute?
What is Kenya's largest foreign exchange earning sector?
What has the tourism sector exhibited in most years since independence?
What are the main attractions for tourists in Kenya?
Where are the largest number of tourists in Kenya?
How much of Kenya's GDP was agriculture in 2005?
What are the main cash crops in Kenya?
What is the second largest contributor to Kenya's GDP?
How is the production of major food staples subject to sharp fluctuations?
Who led a consortium to help farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties?
Why can pigeon peas be grown in areas with less than 650 mm annual rainfall?
How did successful projects encourage the commercialisation of legumes?
How much did the agro-dealer networks increase local producer prices in Nairobi and Mombasa?
How is the commercialisation of pigeon pea helping farmers?
Where are tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum, corn, and wheat grown?
What is grown in the fertile highlands?
Where does livestock predominate?
What percentage of the population lives below the poverty line?
What initiative was created by the Red Cross?
What is the most industrially developed country in the African Great Lakes region?
What percentage of the GDP does manufacturing account for in Kenya?
What are the three largest urban centers in Kenya?
What does Jua Kali engage in?
What has given a boost to manufacturing in recent years?
When did AGOA take effect?
What is the largest source of Kenya's electricity supply?
What are the names of the two dams along the upper Tana River?
When was Kenya Electricity Generating Company established?
Where has Kenya proven deposits of oil?
How many barrels of oil does Tullow Oil estimate Kenya's reserves to be?
What is continuing to determine if there are more reserves?
How much of the national import bill does petroleum account for?
How much did China invest in Kenya in 2013?
What was China's investment in Kenya?
What did Kenyatta hope to gain from China?
Who shipped its first major consignment of minerals to China?
What has China been causing in Kenya?
What was the name of Kenya's economic development plan in 2007?
What is Vision 2030?
What did the Kenyan government launch in 2013?
Why did Kenya launch a National Climate Change Action Plan?
What did the Secretary of the Ministry of Planning, National Development and Vision 2030 say?
Where are most working children in Kenya?
How many girls were subject to prostitution in 2006?
How old are most prostitutes in Kenya?
What are the causes of child labour in Kenya?
How do the various ethnic groups in Kenya speak their mother tongues?
What are Kenya's two official languages?
Where is English spoken in Kenya?
Where is British English primarily used?
What religion are the vast majority of Kenyans?
What religion do 47.7% of Kenyans consider themselves to be?
How many followers does the Presbyterian Church of East Africa have in Kenya?
Where is the only Jewish synagogue in Kenya?
What percentage of the Kenyan population is nonreligious?
What percentage of the Muslim population lives in Kenya's Coastal Region?
What religion is most prevalent in the Western areas of the Coast Region?
How many Hindus live in Kenya?
Who treats 80% of the population in rural and under-served urban areas?
To whom are complicated cases referred?
How many qualified nurses were registered in Kenya in 2011?
How many doctors were in Kenya in 2011?
What directly correlates with a country's economic performance and wealth distribution?
How many Kenyans live below the poverty level?
What are the biggest burdens of poverty in Kenya?
What are the main causes of poverty in Kenya?
How many cases of malaria were there in Kenya in 2006?
Who introduced Kenya's first system of education?
When was Kenya's independence?
What authority was formed to introduce changes that would reflect the nation's sovereignty?
What was the focus of the Ominde Commission?
What system was adopted between 1964 and 1985?
What was the Presidential Working Party on the Second University commissioned to do?
What system did the committee recommend that the 7–4–2–3 system be changed to?
What system did the committee recommend that the 7–4–2–3 system be changed to?
When did the last batch of students from the former system graduate from Kenyan Universities?
When was the current 8–4–4 system launched?
What did the current 8-4-4 system put more emphasis on?
Why did the new system put more emphasis on vocational subjects?
When did the Government of Kenya announce the introduction of free primary education?
How much did primary school enrolment increase since 2003?
At what age does basic formal education begin?
How many years does basic formal education last?
What can people who leave primary school do?
What are the options for those who complete high school?
What is the literacy level in Kenya?
Preschool targets children from what age range?
What is Preschool?
What does the KCPE determine?
What does KCSE stand for?
What does KNLS stand for?
What is KNLS mandated to do?
What is a public library seen as?
Why is a public library seen as a peoples university?
What sports is Kenya active in?
What is Kenya known for?
Who continues to dominate the world of distance running?
Which countries have reduced Kenya's dominance in distance running?
How many gold medals did Kenya win during the Beijing Olympics?
What was Kenya's ranking in the 2008 Olympics?
What did Pamela Jelimo win?
What has caused controversy in Kenyan athletics circles?
Why do most defections in Kenyan athletics occur?
What sport has Kenya been a dominant force in?
What is the most successful team sport in Kenya?
In what year did Kenya reach the semi-finals of the Cricket World Cup?
Who is the current captain of the Kenyan women's volleyball team?
When was the FIFA suspension lifted?
What is one of the toughest rallies in the world?
What is the Safari Rally known as?
Who are some of the best rally drivers in the world?
How many meals do Kenyans generally have?
What is chai ya saa kumi?
What is the typical breakfast in Kenya?
What is eaten by most of the population for lunch or supper?
Who runs the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change?
Who first established the IPCC?
What is the goal of the UNFCCC?
What is the main international treaty on climate change?
What resolution endorsed the IPCC?
Who is the chair of the IPCC?
What nationality is Hoesung Lee?
Who was Hoesung Lee's vice-Chair before the election?
Who was the previous chair of the IPCC in 1988?
When did Rajendra K. Pachauri resign?
Who is the IPCC Panel composed of?
How many government officials and climate change experts attended the 2003 meeting?
Who attended the 2003 meeting?
How many of the participants were from governmental organizations?
When was the IPCC Trust Fund established?
Who established the IPCC Trust Fund?
Who established the IPCC Trust Fund?
What is the IPCC required to comply with?
What is the WMO?
What does the IPCC not do?
What do lead authors of IPCC reports assess?
What is the "grey literature"?
What are examples of non-peer-reviewed sources?
How many "coordinating lead authors" does a chapter typically have?
How many "lead authors" does a chapter typically have?
How many "contributing authors" does a chapter typically have?
Who is responsible for assembling the contributions of the other authors?
Who do the coordinating lead authors report to?
What is the executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers report certain that emissions resulting from human activities are?
What does the executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers say the increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases result in?
How much of the enhanced greenhouse effect is CO2 responsible for?
Under what scenario does the WG I Summary for Policymakers predict that global mean temperature will increase by about 0.3 °C per decade during the [21st] century?
How much has the global mean surface air temperature increased over the last 100 years?
In what year did 16 national science academies issue a joint statement on climate change?
Who issued a joint statement on climate change in 2001?
What is the name of the journal in which the Australian Academy of Sciences published a joint statement on climate change?
What percentage of certainty is the TAR's conclusion that temperatures will continue to rise?
How much is the average global surface temperature projected to increase by 2100?
Who has made a number of criticisms of the TAR?
What has Richard Lindzen said about the WGI Summary for Policymakers?
Who was a co-chair of TAR WGI?
What position did John Houghton hold?
John Houghton stressed that any changes to the SPM must be supported by what?
How does the preparation and approval process for all IPCC Special Reports differ?
In what year was the Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation finalized?
In what year was the Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation finalized?
How were the two Special Reports finalized?
What other activities does the IPCC support?
What are factors used to derive emissions estimates based on the levels of fuel consumption, industrial production and so on?
What are the default emission factors based on?
Who make resolutions and decisions for the IPCC?
The IPCC has since acknowledged that what is incorrect?
What did the IPCC express regret for?
Where did the IPCC correctly quote the date of 2035?
What is the name of the ICSI report?
What was Robert Watson's position at the IPCC?
What did Robert Watson say about the IPCC's mistakes?
What position did Martin Parry hold?
What did Martin Parry say became a clamour without substance?
How did Martin Parry feel about the other alleged mistakes?
In what year was the Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction based?
Who wrote the "hockey stick graph"?
What was the graph based on the third assessment report referred to as?
Who cited reconstructions of the Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction?
What temperatures were shown to be exceptional in comparison to the current warming period?
Who held a press event on Capitol Hill in May 2000?
Where did Fred Singer hold a press event in May 2000?
When did Singer and Karlén argue against the graph?
At what hearing did Wibjörn Karlén and Singer argue against the graph?
Who was the chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce?
Who was the Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations?
When did Rep. Joe Barton and Ed Whitfield write joint letters demanding full records on climate research?
Who was the chairman of the House Science Committee?
Who was the chairman of the House Science Committee?
When was the Third Assessment Report published?
When was the Fourth Assessment Report published?
How many of the 14 reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer?
What problem affecting certain tree ring data was discussed?
How many reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer?
When was the eve of the publication of the IPCC's major report on climate?
What was the study published on the eve of the publication of the IPCC's major report on climate suggesting?
What did the study show about the actual temperature rise?
How did the actual sea level rise compare to the projections of the IPCC?
What is another example of scientific research that suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC have actually understated dangers and risks?
What was the range of values projected by the IPCC in its Third Assessment Report?
What is the range of sea levels above 1990 levels in 2100?
When was the Third Assessment Report published?
Who was Michael Oppenheimer?
In what publication did Oppenheimer concede some limitations of the IPCC consensus approach?
What does Oppenheimer want instead of a large scale approach?
What was the Ozone depletion global regulation based on?
The Kyoto Protocol failed in what environmental challenge?
Who still follow different, if not opposing goals?
Who compared global warming to ozone depletion?
What remains an unsolved problem in the case of the IPCC conclusions and the failure of the Kyoto Protocol?
What was the stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer challenge based on successfully reducing?
Who ordered the Stern Review?
The IPCC operates on the basis of scientific papers and independently documented results from what?
What can't be included in an IPCC report?
What body does not carry out its own research?
How many climate scientists wrote in the journal Nature calling for changes to the IPCC?
Where did the five climate scientists write in 2010?
What did the five climate scientists suggest to the IPCC in response to controversies?
What would the IPCC do to avoid political interference?
What is the main role of chloroplasts?
What does chlorophyll capture from sunlight?
What does chlorophyll capture from sunlight?
What is the process called in which chloroplasts make organic molecules from carbon dioxide?
How many chloroplasts are per cell in algae?
How do chloroplasts reproduce?
What influences chloroplasts behavior?
How do chloroplasts differ from mitochondria?
What was the ancestor of chloroplasts?
How are chloroplasts made?
Where are chloroplasts only found?
What nationality was Konstantin Mereschkowski?
What was Konstantin Mereschkowski's profession?
When was the origin of chloroplasts first suggested?
Who observed that chloroplasts closely resemble cyanobacteria?
What are the ancestors of chloroplasts?
What are cyanobacteria?
Why are cyanobacteria gram-negative?
What type of cell wall does cyanobacteria have?
What are cyanobacteria sometimes called?
What type of cell did the cyanobacterium enter?
When did a free-living cyanobacterium enter an early eukaryotic cell?
What are the outer and inner membranes of the ancestral cyanobacterium's gram negative cell wall?
What membrane from the host was probably lost?
What happened to the cyanobacterium when it was assimilated?
What does "plastid" mean?
How many chloroplast lineages are there?
What lineage does the rhodophyte belong to?
What is the name of the chloroplastidan lineage?
What is the one that contains the land plants?
What is the smallest of the three primary chloroplast lineages?
What is one of the first organisms to contain a chloroplast?
What are muroplasts?
What do concentric unstacked thylakoids surround?
What type of structure do glaucophyte chloroplasts and cyanobacteria keep their carbon fixation enzyme rubisco in?
What pigments do rhodoplasts have for photosynthetic pigments?
What are phycobilin pigments organized into on the thylakoid membranes?
What is responsible for giving many red algae their distinctive red color?
Why does the red phycoerytherin pigment help red algae?
What do rhodoplasts synthesize?
What do green chloroplasts lose?
Why are some forms of Hmatococcus pluvialis not green?
What have chloroplasts lost between their double membrane?
What have the genes for the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer been repurposed for?
What do green chloroplasts contain instead of phycobilisomes?
How many membranes do primary chloroplasts have from their cyanobacterial ancestor?
What do secondary chloroplasts have?
What is the secondary endosymbiotic event?
What are the phagosomal vacuole from the host's cell membrane?
What is left after the engulfed alga was broken down?
What do euglenophytes contain?
What type of protists are euglenophytes?
How are thylakoids in euglenophyte chloroplasts?
What is stored in the form of paramylon?
What membrane was lost in euglenophyte chloroplasts?
What is another name for cryptophytes?
What do cryptomonads contain?
What do cryptophyte chloroplasts contain that superficially resembles that of chlorarachniophytes?
Where is ordinary starch stored?
How many stacks of thylakoids are inside cryptophyte chloroplasts?
What algae are apicomplexans related to?
What type of algae are apicomplexans?
What is Plasmodium?
What do apicomplexans keep?
Where do apicomplexans store their energy?
What do apicoplasts synthesize?
What is the apicoplast an attractive target for drugs to cure?
What is the most important apicoplast function?
What do apicoplasts lack?
How many membranes are in apicoplasts?
What pigment is not found in any other group of chloroplasts?
What is the most common dinophyte chloroplast?
What type of thylakoids do peridinin chloroplasts have?
What did the peridinin chloroplast lose?
What lineages lost their original red algal derived chloroplast?
What lineages lost their original red algal derived chloroplast?
How many membranes does the haptophyte chloroplast have?
What would tertiary endosymbiosis create?
What is the phycobilin-containing chloroplast taken from?
What has the chloroplast been stripped of?
What do members of the genus Dinophysis have taken from a cryptophyte?
What is left after the chloroplast has been stripped of its nucleomorph and outermost two membranes?
What is the term for a diatom derived chloroplast?
What type of chloroplast does Durinskia have?
How many membranes are in a diatom's chloroplast?
How many membranes are there in a diatom?
Where is starch found?
Where have all the nucleomorph genes been transferred?
What is the only dinophyte that has a chloroplast that's not from the rhodoplast lineage?
What did Lepidodinium viride lose?
What did Lepidodinium viride replace their peridinin chloroplast with?
What did Lepidodinium viride replace their peridinin chloroplast with?
Where do most chloroplasts originate from?
How did Paulinella chromatophora acquire a photosynthetic cyanobacterial endosymbiont?
How many base pairs long is the chromatophore DNA?
How many protein encoding genes does the chromatophore DNA contain?
How many base pairs of Synechococcus genes are in a chromatophore?
What is the abbreviation for chloroplast DNA?
What is another name for ctDNA?
When was the existence of the plastome first proved?
When was the plastome first sequenced?
Who sequenced the chloroplast DNA of liverwort and tobacco?
What are highly conserved among land plants?
What do some chloroplast DNAs make of the inverted repeats?
What do inverted repeats help?
How have scientists attempted to observe chloroplast replication since the 1970s?
How many main models have been proposed for chloroplast DNA replication?
What form does the D-loop adopt as it moves through the circular DNA?
What is another name for the theta intermediary form?
How does the D-loop complete replication?
What gradients are present in cpDNA?
When does DNA become susceptible to deamination events?
What type of cpDNA is most likely to replicate through homologous recombination?
How does a second theory suggest that most cpDNA replicates?
Where is the rest of the genetic material kept?
What is the cpDNA replication structure similar to?
What type of cpDNA is most likely to replicate via a D loop mechanism?
What type of cpDNA is most likely to replicate via a D loop mechanism?
How does most cpDNA replicate?
What is how we know about the lost chloroplasts in many chromalveolate lineages?
What do the genes donated to the former host's nucleus provide evidence for?
What do diatoms now have?
What did the diatom ancestor have at some point?
What are most chloroplast genes?
How much of the protein products of transferred genes aren't even targeted back to the chloroplast?
What new functions do exaptations take on?
To reach the chloroplast from the cytosol, you have to cross what?
Where is a chloroplast polypeptide synthesized?
Where is a chloroplast polypeptide synthesized?
What does phosphorylation do?
What does phosphorylation do to the polypeptide?
What shape are chloroplasts in land plants?
How large are chloroplasts in land plants?
How thick are chloroplasts in land plants?
Oedogonium has a chloroplast shaped like what?
What shape does Chlamydomonas have?
The fact that chloroplasts are surrounded by what is often cited as evidence that they are the descendants of endosymbiotic cyanobacteria?
What is the outer chloroplast membrane?
How are the outer and inner chloroplast membranes to the cyanobacterium's original double membranes?
What is the chloroplast double membrane often compared to?
What is the inner mitochondria membrane used to do?
What does oxidative phosphorylation do?
What is the only chloroplast structure analogous to the mitochondrial double membrane?
What regulates metabolite passage and synthesizes some materials?
What are very rare in chloroplasts?
What is a stromule?
Why may stromules exist?
When were stromules first observed?
Where is the chloroplast peripheral reticulum often found?
Where has the chloroplast peripheral reticulum been found?
What consists of a maze of membranous tubes and vesicles continuous with the inner chloroplast membrane?
What is the purpose of the chloroplast peripheral reticulum?
What do small vesicles shuttle stuff between?
What do chloroplasts use their own ribosomes to do?
How large are cytoplasmic ribosomes?
What is the size of cytoplasmic ribosomes?
What do small subunit ribosomal RNAs in several Chlorophyta and euglenid chloroplasts lack?
What is shine-dalgarno sequence recognition?
What is another name for plastoglobuli?
What are plastoglobuli?
What are spherical bubbles of?
How large are plastoglobuli?
What are plastoglobuli surrounded by?
How are plastoglobuli now permanently attached?
What does a plastoglobulus exchange its contents with?
How do the vast majority of plastoglobuli occur in normal green chloroplasts?
Where do plastoglobuli occur in linked groups or chains?
What contain structures called pyrenoids?
How are pyrenoids?
How refractive are pyrenoids?
Pyrenoids are a site of what accumulation in plants that contain them?
How can pyrenoids be produced?
In what model do grana consist of a stack of flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes?
What shape are granal thylakoids in the helical thylakoid model?
How many thylakoids can each granum contain?
How many thylakoids are most common in a granum?
What is wrapped around the grana?
What do light-harvesting complexes absorb?
What do light-harvesting complexes absorb?
What do molecules in the thylakoid membrane use light energy to do?
What do molecules in the thylakoid membrane do?
What is an example of a protein complex that harnesses the concentration gradient of hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space to generate ATP energy?
How many types of thylakoids are there?
How are granal thylakoids arranged?
What are stromal thylakoids?
What are granal thylakoids?
How large are granal thylakoids?
How many photosynthetic carotenoids are there?
What do carotenoids do?
Why are carotenoids so bright?
What is -carotene?
What is the most common xanthophyll?
What are phycobilins?
Phycoerytherin is one of the pigments that makes many red algae what color?
What color does phycoerytherin make?
What do phycobilins often organize into?
How large are phycobilisomes?
What enzyme does chloroplasts use to fix carbon dioxide into sugar molecules?
What is the problem with rubisco?
What happens when rubisco has trouble distinguishing between carbon dioxide and oxygen?
What cycle uses rubisco?
What is wasted when rubisco adds oxygen to sugar precursors?
What are chloroplasts specialized for in mesophyll cells?
What do mesophyll cells lack?
What do mesophyll cells have that they use to make ATP and NADPH?
How do chloroplasts store CO2?
What is the job of bundle sheath chloroplasts?
What parts of a plant contain chloroplasts?
What makes the photosynthetic parts of a plant green?
What are the plant cells that contain chloroplasts called?
Where can chloroplasts be found?
What is a chlorenchyma cell?
Where are chloroplasts found in cacti?
Where are chloroplasts found in most plants?
How many chloroplasts are in stomatal guard cells?
How many chloroplasts can one square millimeter of leaf tissue contain?
Where are chloroplasts mainly found in a leaf?
In what conditions will the chloroplasts spread out in a sheet?
When will the chloroplasts seek shelter by aligning in vertical columns along the plant cell's cell wall?
What do plants protect themselves from?
What is the reason land plants evolved to have many small chloroplasts instead of a few big ones?
What organism has been observed to follow chloroplasts as they move?
How many main immune responses do plants have?
What is the hypersensitive response?
What happens in systemic acquired resistance?
How do chloroplasts stimulate both immune responses?
Chloroplasts damage the photosynthetic system by producing what?
What molecules do chloroplasts produce after detecting stress in a cell?
When do chloroplasts begin producing molecules like salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species?
How do reactive oxygen species leave the chloroplast?
What is retrograde signaling?
What is one of the main functions of the chloroplast?
What is one of the main functions of the chloroplast?
What does photosynthesis produce?
What two elements are used in photosynthesis?
What is made using light energy?
What do chloroplasts use the hydrogen ion gradient to do?
Where do the molecules between the photosystems pump hydrogen ions?
How many times more hydrogen ions are in the thylakoid system than in the stroma?
What does ATP synthase do?
What is ATP?
How are the reenergized electrons taken?
What is it called when electrons are recycled?
Where is cyclic photophosphorylation common?
How much ATP do C4 plants need?
What cycle starts by using the enzyme Rubisco to fix CO2 into five-carbon Ribulose bisphosphate molecules?
What is the result of the Calvin cycle?
What does 3-PGA stand for?
How many G3P molecules leave the Calvin cycle?
What can be done to make starch?
When can starch grains grow large?
What happens to the grana and thylakoids when the starch grains grow large?
What can cause starch buildup in the chloroplasts?
What might the starch grains themselves be a side effect of?
What does Rubisco do when it can't distinguish between oxygen and carbon dioxide?
When can photorespiration occur?
How does Rubisco reduce the efficiency of photosynthesis?
How much carbon does Rubisco waste?
Why are chloroplasts in C4 plants notable?
Where do chloroplasts make most of a plant cell's amino acids?
What sulfur-containing amino acids do chloroplasts not make in their stroma?
Why is cysteine synthesized in the cytosol and mitochondria?
How is it known that the chloroplast makes the precursors to methionine?
What is a special type of a plant cell organelle called a plastid?
What are all chloroplasts in a plant descended from?
Where are proplastids commonly found?
What is more common than proplastids in root tip meristems?
What happens if angiosperm shoots are not exposed to the required light for chloroplast formation?
What is an etioplast?
What is the inner membrane of an etioplast?
What do etioplasts have stocked?
What type of plastids do not require light to form chloroplasts?
What are pigment-filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit?
What are chromoplasts?
What are pigment-filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit?
What are pigment-filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit?
What can turn back into proplastids if a plant cell reverts to a meristematic state?
What do the proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into?
FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are two of what?
What structure does the protein ARC6 form within the chloroplast's stroma?
Where does the Z-ring form?
What system manages the placement of the Z-ring?
What are PD rings?
How many plastid-dividing rings form?
How large are the filaments in the outer plastid-dividing ring?
How many nanometers apart are the filaments in the outer plastid-dividing ring?
What is located in the chloroplast's intermembrane space?
What is a requirement for chloroplast division?
What type of light do chloroplasts require to complete division?
What type of chloroplasts are found in spinach leaves grown under green light?
Under what type of light can chloroplasts grow?
Why are chloroplasts not inherited from the male parent?
What risks do genetically modified plants pose?
What is the failed containment rate of transplastomic plants?
What type of plants have a failed containment rate of 3 in 1,000,000?
What is another positive divisor of a prime number?
What is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime number called?
What establishes the central role of primes in number theory?
What can an integer greater than 1 be expressed as that is unique up to ordering?
Why does the uniqueness in the fundamental theorem of arithmetic require excluding 1 as a prime?
What is the property of being prime called?
What is a simple but slow method of verifying the primality of a given number n called?
What is fast but has a small probability of error?
What test produces the correct answer in polynomial time but is too slow to be practical?
How many decimal digits are in the largest known prime number?
How many primes are there?
Who demonstrated that there are infinitely many primes?
What is the distribution of primes?
What is the first result in the distribution of primes?
When was the prime number theorem proven?
What is the name of the conjecture that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes?
What is the conjecture that there are infinitely many pairs of primes whose difference is 2?
What aspects of numbers did number theory focus on?
What makes use of properties such as the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors?
Along with prime elements, what generalizations do prime numbers give rise to in algebra?
The image at the right illustrates that 1 is not prime: 12 = 3  4. No even number greater than 2 is prime because n has at least three distinct divisors, which implies that n is not prime?
What are the three divisors of n?
What term refers to any prime number greater than 2?
When written in the usual decimal system, all prime numbers larger than 5 end in 1, 3, 7, or what?
What are multiples of 2 and numbers ending in 0 or 5 are multiples of 5?
What was the first prime number in Christian Goldbach's correspondence with Leonhard Euler?
Who listed 1 as the first prime in his famous correspondence with Leonhard Euler?
Christian Goldbach listed 1 as the first prime in his correspondence with whom?
Derrick Norman Lehmer's list of primes up to what number was reprinted as late as 1956?
By the early 20th century, mathematicians began to accept that 1 is not a prime number, but rather forms what?
What would not hold as stated?
When would the sieve of Eratosthenes not work correctly?
The relationship of the number to its corresponding value of what function is an example of a property that the number 1 lacks?
What is another property that the number 1 lacks?
What would a modified version of the sieve that considers 1 as prime produce as output?
Where are the Egyptian fraction expansions found?
Where do the earliest surviving records of the explicit study of prime numbers come from?
What contains important theorems about primes?
Who showed how to construct a perfect number from a Mersenne prime?
The Sieve of Eratosthenes is a simple method to do what?
When did Pierre de Fermat state Fermat's little theorem?
Along with Leibniz, who later proved Fermat's little theorem?
What is the form of Fermat numbers?
What form did Marin Mersenne look at primes of?
How long did Pierre de Fermat verify his theory?
What is the most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n called?
How can the routine be implemented more efficiently?
What is the value of the square root of n?
How many divisions are necessary to check the primality of 37?
What is the square root of n?
How many classes can modern primality tests for general numbers n be divided into?
What are the two main classes of primality tests for general numbers n?
Trial division is what type of algorithm?
Trial division is what type of algorithm?
What is the probability that our number is composite?
What test relies on the fact that npn (mod p) for any n if p is a prime number?
What does Fermat's little theorem say for any n if p is a prime number?
What satisfy the Fermat identity even though they are not prime?
What is one extension of the Fermat primality test that is guaranteed to fail at least some of the time when applied to a composite number?
Along with the Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and Miller-Rabin, what test is guaranteed to fail at least some of the time when applied to a composite number?
What form are Sophie Germain primes?
What is the form of Mersenne primes?
What test is particularly fast for numbers of this form?
What are Fermat primes and Mersenne primes?
What is another name for primorial primes?
How have some of the largest known primes been found?
When was the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project awarded a US$100,000 prize?
How much was the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project awarded in 2009?
Who offers $150,000 and $250,000 for primes with at least 100 million digits?
What are some of the largest primes not known to have any particular form?
What is the largest integer not greater than the number in question?
Who first proved Bertrand's postulate?
What is the prime number p for?
What is Bertrand's postulate?
What is another formula based on?
How are a and q coprime?
What asserts that the progression contains infinitely many primes?
What is the density of all primes congruent a modulo 9?
How many primes do the rows with a = 3, 6, or 9 contain?
What does Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions assert that the progression contains?
What is closely related to prime numbers?
What would (1) have if there were only finitely many primes?
What happens to the harmonic series 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 +...?
How does the harmonic series 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 +... diverge?
What is theBasel problem?
When did the Riemann hypothesis begin?
The unproven Riemann hypothesis, dating from 1859, states that except for what, all zeroes of the -function have real part equal to 1/2?
From a physical standpoint, the Riemann hypothesis roughly states that the irregularity in the distribution of primes only comes from what?
What does the Riemann hypothesis say holds for shorter intervals of length about the square root of x?
What does the Riemann hypothesis say holds for shorter intervals of length about the square root of x?
What asserts that every even integer n greater than 2 can be written as a sum of two primes?
In what year were all four of Landau's problems solved?
Goldbach's conjecture has been verified for what numbers?
What says that every sufficiently large odd integer can be written as a sum of three primes?
What says that every sufficiently large even number can be expressed as the sum of a prime and a semiprime?
What is Polignac's conjecture a strengthening of?
What is a twin prime conjecture?
Which conjecture states that for every positive integer n, there are infinitely many pairs of consecutive primes that differ by 2n?
What form are there infinitely many primes of?
Which conjecture states that there are always at least four primes between the squares of consecutive primes greater than 2?
What was seen as the canonical example of pure mathematics for a long time?
Who was a British mathematician?
When was it publicly announced that prime numbers could be used as the basis for the creation of public key cryptography algorithms?
Along with pseudorandom number generators, what are prime numbers used for?
Prime numbers are also used for hash tables and what?
If p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, 1/p is always what?
What is the period of 1/p if it is a recurring decimal?
What is divisible by p?
What is divisible by n?
What does the fraction 1/p expressed in base q have the same effect as the fraction 1/p expressed in base q?
What algorithm relies on the assumption that it is much easier to perform the multiplication of two numbers?
What is one public-key cryptography algorithm that is based on large prime numbers?
What type of primes are often used for RSA?
The Diffie-Hellman key exchange relies on the fact that there are efficient algorithms for what?
What type of primes are typical for Diffie-Hellman?
What insects use prime numbers?
How do cicadas spend most of their lives?
How long does it take for cicadas to emerge from their burrows?
Why do cicadas use prime numbers?
How much higher would the average predator populations during hypothetical outbreaks of 14- and 15-year cicadas be over a 200-year period?
In knot theory, what is a knot that is indecomposable in the sense that it cannot be written as the knot sum of two nontrivial knots?
What is the prime field?
How can a knot be uniquely expressed?
What is a second meaning of the word prime?
Why is a prime knot indecomposable?
In what algebraic structure are addition, subtraction, and multiplication defined?
What is an element p of R called if it is neither zero nor a unit?
What is the set of prime elements equal to in the ring Z of integers?
How is an element p of R called a prime element?
What is an element irreducible if it is not a unit?
What continues to hold in unique factorization domains?
What is an example of a unique factorization domain?
What is the form of the Gaussian integers Z[i?
What are a and b?
What form are Gaussian primes?
In what theory is the notion of number generally replaced with that of ideal?
What generalizes prime elements in the sense that the principal ideal generated by a prime element is a prime ideal?
Prime ideals are an important tool and object of study in commutative algebra, what theory and algebraic geometry?
What generalizes to the Lasker-Noether theorem?
The Lasker-Noether theorem expresses every ideal in what?
What are the points of algebro-geometric objects?
Factorization or ramification of prime ideals when lifted to an extension field bears some resemblance with what?
What can prime ideals be used in proving quadratic reciprocity?
What does quadratic reciprocity concern?
What happens when a number is multiplied by p?
What fields may some questions related to Q be transferred back and forth to?
What yields the field of real numbers?
What underlines the importance of primes to number theory?
Who used prime numbers to create ametrical music through "natural phenomena"?
What was the name of the 1935 work by Olivier Messiaen?
What was the name of the work by Olivier Messiaen that used motifs with lengths given by different prime numbers to create unpredictable rhythms?
In what work do the primes 41, 43, 47 and 53 appear?
What was Messiaen's way of composing inspired by?
Where does the Rhine begin?
Where does the Rhine end up in the Netherlands?
What is the biggest city on the Rhine?
What is the longest river in Central and Western Europe?
How long is the Rhine?
Where is the Rhine located?
Where does the Rhine empties into the North Sea?
How long is the Rhine?
What are the variant forms of the Rhine in modern languages derived from?
What is the variant form of the name Rhin in modern languages?
What is the Gaulish name *?
When was the Gaulish name Rnos adapted as Greek  (Rhnos), Latin Rhenus?
What are the variant forms of the Rhine in modern languages derived from?
What is the variant form of the name Rhin in modern languages?
What is the Dutch name for the Rhine?
What is the Gaulish name *?
What was Dutch Rijn formerly spelled?
How is the length of the Rhine measured?
When was the "Rhine-kilometers" scale introduced?
What is the name of the bridge that runs from the Rhine to Hoek van Holland?
What is the name of the town where the Rhine runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance?
Why is the length of the Rhine significantly shortened from the river's natural course?
How is the length of the Rhine measured?
When was the "Rhine-kilometers" scale introduced?
What is the name of the bridge that runs from the Rhine to Hoek van Holland?
Why is the length of the Rhine significantly shortened from the river's natural course?
What is the name of the town where the Rhine runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance?
What direction does the Rhine turn?
How long is the section of the Rhine near Chur?
What is the wide glacial alpine valley where the Rhine flows?
What is the name of the dam that prevents the Rhine from flowing into the Seeztal valley?
The Alpine Rhine forms the border between Switzerland to the West and what country to the East?
Where does the Rhine make a distinctive turn to the north?
How long is the section of the Rhine near Chur?
What is the height of the Rhine?
What is the wide glacial alpine valley where the Rhine flows?
The Alpine Rhine forms the border between what country to the West?
The mouth of the Rhine into what lake forms an inland delta?
What is the name of the Old Rhine?
What is the East section of the delta delimited by?
What is the local Alemannic singular pronounced?
What does Esel mean?
The mouth of the Rhine into what lake forms an inland delta?
What is the East section of the delta delimited by?
What is the name of the Old Rhine?
What did the natural Rhine form by precipitating sediments?
What is the local Alemannic singular pronounced?
Where is the upper canal located?
Where is the lower canal located?
What did the regulation of the Rhine do to counteract the constant flooding and sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta?
How does the Dornbirner Ach flow into the lake?
What does the continuous input of sediment into the lake cause to the lake?
Where is the lower canal located?
What did the regulation of the Rhine do to the lake?
Where is the upper canal located?
What canal had to be diverted?
What is expected to silt up the lake?
How many bodies of water are in Lake Constance?
What does Untersee mean?
What does Seerhein mean?
The Rhine flows into Lake Constance from the south following what border?
What does Obersee mean?
How many bodies of water are in Lake Constance?
Along with Germany and Switzerland, where is Lake Constance located?
Where is Lake Constance located?
Where is Lake Constance located?
Along with Bavaria, what other German state has Lake Constance's shorelines?
Why does the Rhine water abruptly fall into the depths?
Where is a small fraction of the water diverted off the island of Mainau?
Where does the Rhine water abruptly fall into the depths because of the greater density of cold water?
Depending on the water level, the Rhine water is clearly visible along what part of the lake?
Where is the island of Rheinbrech?
Where does the Rhine water abruptly fall into the depths because of the greater density of cold water?
Where is the island of Rheinbrech?
Where is a small fraction of the water diverted off the island of Mainau?
What is another name for Rheinrinne?
What determines the flow of the Rhine water along the entire length of Lake Überlingen?
What direction does the Rhine flow?
What is the major tributary of the Rhine?
What is the average discharge of the Rhine's water?
What is the highest point of the Rhine basin?
The Rhine forms the German-Swiss border from Lake Constance except for the canton of Zürich and what other canton?
What direction does the Rhine flow?
What is the major tributary of the Rhine?
What is the average discharge of the Rhine's water?
What is the highest point of the Rhine basin?
The Rhine forms what border from Lake Constance?
In what city is the "Rhine knee" located?
What is the name of the bend in the centre of Basel?
What is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine?
How long is the Upper Rhine Plain?
How wide is the Upper Rhine Plain?
In what city is the "Rhine knee" located?
What is the name of the bend in the centre of Basel?
The "Rhine knee" changes the direction of the Rhine from West to what direction?
What river ends at the "Rhine knee"?
What is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine?
When did the Rhine straightening program take place?
What happened to the rate of flow?
What happened to the ground water level after the Rhine straightening program?
What canal was dug on the French side of the Rhine?
What is the Bassin de compensation de Plobsheim?
What region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th century?
When did the Rhine straightening program take place?
What happened to the rate of flow?
What happened to the ground water level after the Rhine straightening program?
What canal was dug on the French side of the Rhine?
The Rhine is the longest river in what country?
What is the average discharge of the Rhine?
What is the longest river in Germany?
What river drains the Vosges and Jura Mountains uplands?
What is the average width of the Rhine?
The Rhine is the longest river in what country?
The Rhine is the longest river in what country?
What river drains the Vosges and Jura Mountains uplands?
What country drains to the Rhine via the Moselle?
What is the annual mean discharge of the Rhine?
What river flows through the Rhine Gorge?
What formation was created by erosion?
What caused the formation of the Rhine Gorge?
What is the gorge known as?
What river flows through the Rhine Gorge?
What formation was created by erosion?
What is the stretch of the river known for?
What is the gorge known as?
What can be found along the Rhine up into Switzerland?
What is the home of Europe's largest inland port?
What river provides the region with drinking water?
What does the Ruhr provide to the region?
Where does the Rhine go up to?
What was industry a major source of water until the early 1980s?
Along what river is the bulk of the industry concentrated?
Where does the Rhine go up to?
What is the home of Europe's largest inland port?
What river provides the region with drinking water?
Along with viniculture, what is a dominant economic sector in the Middle Rhine area?
The Rhine Gorge is between Koblenz and what other city?
What famous rock is near Sankt Goarshausen?
What is the epitome of the Rhine romanticism?
Along with viniculture, what is a dominant economic sector in the Middle Rhine area?
What is the Rhine Gorge listed as?
The Rhine Gorge is between Koblenz and what other city?
What famous rock is near Sankt Goarshausen?
Where does the Rhine flow around the famous rock Lorelei?
What is one of the most important cities in the Rhine-Ruhr region?
What is the name of the shipping route that runs parallel to the Lippe?
The Wesel-Datteln Canal runs parallel to what river?
What is the longest suspension bridge in Germany?
How wide is the river between Emmerich and Cleves?
What river flows through North Rhine-Westphalia?
What is the largest conurbation in Germany?
What is the largest river port in Europe?
What is the longest suspension bridge in Germany?
How wide is the river between Emmerich and Cleves?
What river merges with the Rhine?
What Dutch name no longer coincides with the main flow of water?
How much of the Rhine flows west?
Where does two thirds of the Rhine flow farther?
Where does the Rhine flow through?
What river merges with the Rhine?
What branch of the Rhine flows near Dordrecht?
Where does the other third of the water flow?
Along with the IJssel, where does the other third of the water redistribute?
What does the Nederrijn become at Wijk bij Duurstede?
What river does the Nederrijn rejoin?
Where does the other third of the water flow?
Along with the IJssel, where does the other third of the water redistribute?
How much of the Rhine flow does the IJssel branch carry north into the IJsselmeer?
What does the Nederrijn become at Wijk bij Duurstede?
Where does the Nederrijn change its name and become the Lek?
What name is used only for smaller streams farther to the north?
What are the smaller streams used for?
What is the old north branch of the Rhine called from Wijk bij Duurstede?
What does Kromme Rijn mean?
What does Oude Rijn mean?
What is the most important natural region of the Netherlands?
Where does the Rhine-Meuse Delta begin?
What is the shorter term used for the river delta where the Rhine flows into Lake Constance?
What is the name of the Pannerdens Kanaal when the Rhine splits into Waal and Pannerdens Kanaal?
How many main flows carry significant amounts of water?
What is the largest and southern main branch of the Rhine?
What does Oude Maas mean?
What does Het Scheur mean?
Before what flood did the Meuse flow south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas to the North Sea?
When was the St. Elizabeth's flood?
What line did the Meuse flow south of?
When did the Meuse and Waal merge to form Merwede?
What type of estuary did the Meuse form with Waal and Lek?
What do many rivers now serve as for the numerous polders?
What changed the delta in the second half of the 20th Century?
What is another term for rivers that have been closed?
In what century did the construction of Delta Works change the delta fundamentally?
What type of delta is the Rhine-Meuse Delta?
The Rhine-Meuse Delta is shaped by what?
What could strong tidal currents do?
Where is the most landward tidal influence detected between Brakel and?
The present Mediterranean Sea descends from what ocean?
When did the two plates reverse direction and begin to compress the Tethys floor?
microplates were caught in the squeeze and rotated or pushed laterally, generating the individual features of what?
In what era was the Triassic Period?
What region pushed up the Pyrenees?
What rift system developed in the Eocene zone?
What is the main element of the N-S rift system?
By what time had a river system developed in the Upper Rhine Graben?
Along with the Rhone, what river drained the northern flanks of the Alps?
How did the Rhine extend its watershed southward?
By what period had the Rhine captured streams down to the Vosges Mountains?
By the Pliocene period, the Rhine had captured streams down to what mountain range?
What geological period occurred around 2.5 million years ago?
How many major Ice Ages have occurred since 600,000 years ago?
How much did sea level drop during the Ice Ages?
In the Early Pleistocene, the Rhine followed a course to what direction?
Where was the river mouth located during glacial times?
How long was the last glacial?
When was the end of the Pleistocene?
In what direction did the lower Rhine flow through the Netherlands?
How much lower was the sea level during the last glacial?
What channel did the lower Rhine flow through?
What was the source of the Rhine's current course?
What was the area between Scandinavia, the Baltics, Scotland and the Alps called?
When was the Last Glacial Maximum?
What covered Scandinavia, the Baltics, Scotland and the Alps during the Last Glacial Maximum?
What type of dust settled in and around the Rhine Valley?
When did northwest Europe begin to warm up?
What did frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers begin to do?
Where was much of the discharge routed to?
When did rapid warming and changes of vegetation begin?
By what year was Europe fully forested?
How long ago did tides and currents exist?
What had dropped so far that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes could compensate the transgression by the sea?
In what time period was the coast line roughly at the same location?
Why is the sea level still rising in the southern North Sea?
What is the rate of sea level rise in the southern North Sea?
How long ago was the beginning of the Holocene?
When did the formation of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta begin?
What valley did the Rhine occupy at the beginning of the Holocene?
Where did sea-level continue to rise?
When was the first human impact seen in the delta?
What did the increase in the sediment load of the Rhine cause?
What has increased in the upland areas?
When did the damming of minor distributaries take place?
How many avulsions have occurred over the past 6000 years?
Where do the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to?
Through what former estuary do the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea?
The river IJssel branch enters what lake?
What is the IJsselmeer?
How many branches of the Rhine are there?
When did the Rhine first enter the historical period?
The Rhine formed the boundary between Gaul and what other country?
When was the Upper Rhine part of the late Hallstatt culture?
Who wrote a Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil?
When did Augustus die?
Along with the Rhine, what river was Rome's Germanic frontier?
When did the northern section of the frontier become the Roman boundary?
Where did Roman subjects from the modern Alsace-Lorraine drift across the river?
What part of the Black Forest was different?
How many legions did the Romans keep in five bases along the Rhine?
What army were the legions assigned to?
What was the name of the town of the Ubii?
The number of legions present at any base depended on whether a state or what existed?
What does oppidum Ubiorum mean?
When did the Germanic tribes establish the kingdoms of Francia on the Lower Rhine?
What did the Germanic tribes establish on the Lower Rhine?
What does Siebengebirge mean?
Who killed a dragon on the Drachenfels?
Who thrown Kriemhild's golden treasure into the Rhine?
When was the Rhine within the borders of Francia?
When was the Rhine fully within the Holy Roman Empire?
Along with Swabia and Franconia, where did the Rhine flow in the 10th century?
Who sold the Alsace to Burgundy in 1469?
In what year was Alsace sold to Burgundy?
When did the Upper Rhine form a contentious border between France and Germany?
What was a long-term goal of French foreign policy?
Who established the Confederation of the Rhine?
When was the Confederation of the Rhine established?
In what year did the Rhine crisis occur?
When was the Rhineland subject to the Treaty of Versailles?
In what year was the Rhineland a demilitarised zone?
Who was forbidden to enter the Rhineland after 1935?
What did the Treaty of Versailles help?
When did the German army re-occupy the Rhineland?
The Rhine bridge at what city was immortalized in the book, A Bridge Too Far and the film?
What was the Rhine considered to be to the invasion of Germany?
When was Operation Market Garden?
What was the name of the bridge that crossed the Rhine at Remagen?
What was a Warsaw Pact war plan for an invasion of Western Europe during the Cold War?
What was the generally accepted length of the Rhine until 1932?
What encyclopedia stated the length of the Rhine as 1,320 kilometres?
What was the error in the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon?
What was the length of the Rhine stated as in 1932?
When was the error discovered?
When did the Scottish electorate vote for devolution?
What set out the powers as a devolved legislature?
What does the Scotland Act delineate the legislative competence of the Parliament?
Who does the Scotland Act specify powers that are "reserved" to?
The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to whom?
What remained an important element in Scottish national identity?
How many years was Scotland governed by the Parliament of Great Britain?
Why were suggestions for a devolved Parliament shelved?
When did nationalism rise in Scotland?
What did Kilbrandon recommend to establish to legislate for the majority of domestic Scottish affairs?
In what sea was oil discovered?
What campaign resulted in rising support for Scottish independence?
When did Prime Minister Wilson commit his government to some form of devolved legislature?
What did the SNP argue about the revenues from the oil?
When were final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly passed by the United Kingdom Parliament?
Where would an elected assembly be set up under the terms of the Scotland Act 1978?
What percentage of the Scottish electorate voted for an elected assembly in 1979?
What percentage of the Scottish electorate voted for a devolved Scottish Assembly?
What happened to the 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly?
What percentage of the eligible voting population did not vote?
What did demand grow for in the 1980s and 1990s?
Who controlled the government of the United Kingdom in the 1980s and 1990s?
When did the Scottish Constitutional Convention take place?
What did the Convention publish in 1995?
What is the official home of the Scottish Parliament?
Who designed the Scottish Parliament building?
What nationality was Enric Miralles?
What type of buildings are in the new Scottish Parliament Building?
Who opened the new building?
Why was the Assembly Hall vacated twice?
What was the temporary home of the Parliament?
Where were official photographs and television interviews held?
Where was the Parliament relocated to in May 2002?
Where was the Parliament relocated to in May 2000?
Who rented the buildings for the Parliament?
What was the former administrative building on George IV Bridge used for the MSP's offices?
What happened to the former administrative building of Lothian Regional Council in 2004?
What were the former Midlothian County Buildings facing?
What hall was used as the Parliament's principal committee room?
How many MSPs are elected to serve as Presiding Officer?
Who is the current speaker of the Scottish Parliament?
How are the Presiding Officer and deputies elected?
How many MSPs are there?
Who operates the electronic voting equipment and chamber clocks?
Who represents the Scottish Parliament at home and abroad in an official capacity?
Who allocates time and sets the work agenda in the chamber?
How many seats does the Bureau have?
Who represents the Scottish Parliament at home and abroad in an official capacity?
What is the debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament arranged in?
What is the purpose of the hemicycle?
How many seats are in the debating chamber?
How many seats are reserved for the Scottish Law Officers?
What can the Law Officers not do?
Where is the gold panned from?
What is the parliamentary mace made from?
Who presented the parliamentary mace to the Scottish Parliament?
What words are inscribed on the parliamentary mace?
How is the mace displayed?
When are two-week recesses?
Where do plenary meetings take place?
Who are chamber debates and committee meetings open to?
How much is the entrance to the chamber debates and committee meetings?
What is the transcript of parliamentary debates called?
On what day is the first item of business usually Time for Reflection?
How long does Time for Reflection last?
Who determines invitations to address Parliament?
Speakers are chosen to represent the balance of what according to the Scottish census?
Faith groups can make direct representations to the Presiding Officer to do what?
Who decides who speaks in chamber debates?
What does the Presiding Officer decide?
What does the Presiding Officer try to balance when selecting members to speak?
Who usually open debates?
The Scottish Parliament has conducted debates in what language?
When do MSPs usually decide on all the motions and amendments that have been moved that day?
What is the name of the time when MSPs decide on motions and amendments?
What does the division bell alert MSPs who are not in the chamber to do?
How do members vote at Decision Time?
How long does it take for the outcome of a division to be known?
What can be predicted beforehand?
Who usually instructs members which way to vote?
What are MSPs known as?
What type of issues are usually addressed when parties announce "free votes"?
What happens to Errant Members?
When is a "Members Debate" held?
What is an MSP's background?
How long does the Members Debate last?
Who contributes to the debate?
What happens to the debate when the relevant minister speaks after all other participants?
Where is much of the work of the Scottish Parliament done?
What is the role of committees in the Scottish Parliament?
Why are committees stronger in the Scottish Parliament than other parliamentary systems?
What is the role of committees in the Scottish Parliament?
Where can committees meet?
What are committees comprised of?
What does the membership of committees reflect?
What are the functions of different committees?
What type of committees are set down under the Scottish Parliament's standing orders?
In what session of the Scottish Parliament are the Mandatory Committees?
When are Subject Committees established?
How many departments does each committee correspond with?
What are the four Subject Committees in the fourth Session?
In what session are the Subject Committees for Economy, Energy and Tourism established?
What type of committee is usually set up to scrutinise private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament by an outside party or promoter?
What do private bills usually relate to?
Who is the promoter of a private bill that is not a member of the Scottish Parliament?
What type of committees have been set up to consider legislation on issues such as the development of the Edinburgh Tram Network?
What Act governs the functions and role of the Scottish Parliament?
Who gave the royal assent to the Scotland Act 1998?
What does the Scotland Act 2012 extend?
Who continues to constitute the supreme legislature of Scotland?
The Scotland Act 1998 governs the functions and role of what body?
What is the name of the Schedule to the Scotland Act?
Who has the ability to alter income tax in Scotland by up to 3 pence in the pound?
What happens to all matters that are not specifically reserved to the Scottish Parliament?
How much can the Scottish Parliament alter income tax in Scotland?
What act conferred further fiscal devolution?
What kind of matters are outside the legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament?
Who is unable to legislate on issues that are reserved to Westminster?
Where are abortion, broadcasting policy, civil service, common markets for UK goods and services dealt with?
Where do ministerial functions usually lie?
What can be introduced to Parliament in a number of ways?
Who can introduce new laws or amendments to existing laws as a bill?
How can a member of the Scottish Parliament introduce a bill?
Who can submit a private bill to Parliament?
How do bills pass through Parliament?
What is the first stage of a bill called?
Along with Explanatory Notes, a Policy Memorandum and a Financial Memorandum, what does the minister or member in charge of the bill bring to Parliament?
What do statements from the Presiding Officer and the member in charge of the bill indicate?
Where does Stage 1 usually take place?
If the whole Parliament agrees to the general principles of the bill, it then proceeds to what stage?
What is the final stage of the bill?
How many parts are in Stage 3?
What stage of the bill is considered at a meeting of the whole Parliament?
What type of amendments can Opposition members table to thwart further progress and take up parliamentary time?
At what time do members vote on whether they agree to the general principles of the final bill?
Who does the Presiding Officer submit a bill to after it has been passed?
What does the Presiding Officer give to the Monarch after a bill has been passed?
How long does it take for a bill to become an Act of the Scottish Parliament?
The Law Officers of the Scottish Government or UK Government can refer the bill to what court for a ruling on whether it is within the powers of the Parliament?
On what date was the Bill for this Act of the Scottish Parliament passed by the Parliament?
Who forms the Scottish Government?
Who can put their name forward to be First Minister?
The leader of the largest party is returned as what?
Most ministers and their juniors are drawn from where?
Who makes the formal appointment or dismissal of ministers?
On what day are ordinary general elections held for the Scottish Parliament?
When are ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament held?
Who can change the date of the poll?
What happens if an extraordinary general election is held less than six months before the due date of an ordinary general election?
How many days after a General Election does the Parliament have to nominate a First Minister?
What allows the Scottish Parliament to scrutinise the Government?
Who is invited to question the First Minister?
What does the First Minister deliver to the chamber at the beginning of each parliamentary year?
What do the leaders of the opposition parties and other MSPs question the First Minister on after the statement has been delivered?
What is set aside for question periods in the debating chamber?
On what day does "General Question Time" take place?
Who can a member ask questions to during General Question Time?
What does First Minister's Question Time allow members to question the First Minister on?
How many general questions are available to opposition leaders?
How many of the 129 MSPs are elected to represent first past the post constituencies?
When did the number of Scottish MPs decrease?
How many members do voters choose to represent the constituency?
Why do the island archipelagos of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles comprise a much smaller number of electors?
How many electors make up the average Scottish Parliament constituency?
How are the total number of seats in the Parliament allocated to parties?
What method is used to allocate seats?
The party with the highest what is awarded the seat?
What is added to the number of seats the party won in the region in allocating the second seat?
How is the d'Hondt method repeated?
What applies to being an MSP?
When was the British Nationality Act introduced?
How old must a member of the House of Commons be to be an MSP?
What two groups are disqualified from sitting in the Scottish Parliament as elected MSPs?
What act states that an individual may not sit in the Scottish Parliament if he or she is judged to be insane?
What is the first time a party has commanded a parliamentary majority?
What party did the SNP take 16 seats from?
How many votes did Iain Gray get to retain East Lothian?
How many seats did the SNP take from the Liberal Democrats?
What referendum did the SNP hold?
Who suffered a net loss of five seats?
What was the seat of former party leader David McLetchie?
How many seats did the Conservatives lose?
Who announced she would step down as leader of the party?
Who vowed to campaign for the Union in the independence referendum?
What is a procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament?
English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish Westminster MPs are unable to vote on what?
What is the phenomenon that has led to criticism?
Who won the 2015 UK election?
Scottish MPs sitting in the House of Commons are able to vote on domestic legislation that applies only to what country?
What is Political Islam?
What is the aim of Islamism?
What does Islamism favor in regards to government and society?
What are the different Islamist movements described as oscillating between?
What is the strategy of Islamization of society seized by?
What type of process do moderate and reformist Islamists accept and work within?
Where is Hamas located?
What do Hezbollah and Hamas want to do?
Al-Qaeda and the Egyptian Islamic Jihad reject what?
What type of basis do radical Islamists call for attacks?
What is the difference between the Salafis and the "vanguard of change and Islamic reform"?
What did Olivier Roy believe underwent a remarkable shift in the second half of the 20th century?
What did the Salafi movement focus on?
What is Islamism increasingly interdependent with in much of the Arab Muslim world?
Why do Islamists need democratic elections?
What kind of role does Islamism posit?
What ism is a controversial concept because its supporters believe their views merely reflect what?
Who believe their views merely reflect Islam?
What does Hayri Abaza argue the failure to distinguish between Islam and Islamism leads many in the West to support?
What do progressive moderates want to separate?
What are those who want to live by Islam's principles not?
Who created the concept of 'political Islam'?
What did a writer for the International Crisis Group say about the Iranian Islamic Revolution and apolitical Islam?
When was the heyday of secular Arab nationalism?
What type of Islam requires explanation?
What were Islamist groups later seen as?
When did Western and pro-Western governments support some fledgling Islamists?
What was the impact of non-Afghan veterans of the war?
Who were the enemies of the Soviet Union?
What were Islamists seen as opposing?
What was the impact of non-Afghan veterans of the war?
Who was the president of Egypt in 1975?
What did Anwar Sadat make with Israel?
What did Anwar Sadat offer to exiles?
When did the gentlemen's agreement between Sadat and Islamists break down?
What happened to Anwar Sadat?
What type of interpretation of Islam was promoted by Wahhabism or Salafism?
What did Wahhabism say Muslims should do to infidels?
What did Wahhabism say democracy is responsible for?
Who did Wahhabism say Shia and other non-Wahhabi Muslims were?
What country is Wahhabism based in?
What type of movement is the Muslim Brotherhood?
What type of government is the Muslim Brotherhood compared to?
What type of assistance does the Muslim Brotherhood provide to students from out of town?
What is the only way in which governments commit to social justice?
What is the purpose of inexpensive mass marriage ceremonies?
What subjects did Iqbal study in England and Germany?
What group did Iqbal belong to?
Who was Iqbal a critic of?
When did Iqbal return to Lahore?
What was the name of Iqbal's book?
What did Iqbal fear would weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society?
What did Iqbal fear about India's Hindu-majority population?
What did Iqbal call for the shedding of?
When was Sir Muhammad Iqbal elected president of the Muslim League?
What movement was inspired by Iqbal's 1930 Allahabad Address?
Who was an important early twentieth century figure in the Islamic revival in India?
What profession did Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi choose?
When was the Jamaat-e-Islami party founded?
How did Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi have more impact than his political organising?
How did Maududi's books place Islam?
Who was an important early twentieth century figure in the Islamic revival in India?
What profession did Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi choose?
How did Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi have more impact than his political organising?
What context did Maududi's books place Islam in?
Maududi believed that Muslim society could not be Islamic without what?
What did Islam require?
What does tawhid mean?
How did Maududi describe the Iranian Revolution?
What is da'wah?
When was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?
Where was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?
Who founded the Muslim Brotherhood?
What was the motto of the Muslim Brotherhood?
What type of influence did Al Banna want to eliminate in the Muslim world?
What did some elements of the Brotherhood engage in against the government?
In what year was Al-Banna assassinated?
Who was assassinated three months before Al-Banna?
When was the Brotherhood banned in Egypt?
Who was the president of Egypt in 1948?
What has the Brotherhood become in the Islamic world?
What percentage of seats did the parties identified as "Islamist" win in 2011-2012?
What was the Brotherhood described as for many years?
What was the only opposition group in Egypt able to do during elections?
Who was the first democratically elected president of Egypt?
How was the defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War?
What was the quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War?
What type of stagnation was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes?
What happened to the popularity of secular, socialist and nationalist politics after the Six-Day War?
What movements were inspired by Maududi and Sayyid Qutb?
What type of father was Mohammad Iqbal?
Who was the ideologue of the Iranian Revolution?
Where were Khomeini's beliefs perceived to be placed?
Who did Khomeini believe was essential to Islam?
What was the "plundering" of Muslim lands part of?
What religion has maintained its hold on power in Iran?
What type of groups has the Islamic Republic created or assisted in Iraq?
What kind of sanctions did the US place on Iran?
When did the Iranian government enjoy a resurgence in popularity amongst the predominantly Sunni "Arab street"?
Who was the president of Iran during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict?
Who deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan in 1979?
What was the Soviet Union trying to suppress?
What did the Afghan Civil War galvanize Muslims to do?
What was the military effectiveness of the Afghan Arabs?
How many Muslim volunteers came from around the world to fight in Afghanistan?
What was the Gulf War?
Who was the enemy of Saudi Arabia in the Gulf War?
What movement did the Gulf War try to radicalize?
Where did the US and allied non-Muslims come to help stop Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait?
Who did Islamists accuse the Saudi regime of being a puppet of?
Who did the attacks resonate with?
Who did Saudi Arabia try to repress?
Where were American troops stationed after Saddam's defeat?
In what country did a civil war take place?
Whose terror attacks culminated in the 9/11 attack?
Whose ideas became more radical during his imprisonment?
When was Qutb executed?
What group was led by Hasan al-Hudaybi?
What movements inspired by Qutb's writings did the Brotherhood pursue a more radical direction?
When did the Brotherhood renounce violence as a means of achieving its goals?
What group was responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat?
When was Anwar Sadat assassinated?
What did the Islamic Jihad believe were the leaders of Muslim states?
What did the Egyptian Islamic Jihad believe were apostate leaders?
Who wrote a pamphlet about the Islamic Jihad?
What did al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya use?
What is another group that used violence in their struggle for Islamic order?
When did Jamaa Islamiya renounce violence?
How did al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya try to overthrow the Egyptian government?
What has the Islamic Liberation Party attempted assassinated?
What type of stance did the Muslim Brotherhood take towards Israel?
What was the name of the group formed by the Muslim Brotherhood?
What did the Hamas charter call for?
What drink did the Muslim Brotherhood antipathy towards the secular middle class?
Where was the first intifada?
Who has continued to be a major player in Palestine?
How many people did Hamas kill from 2000 to 2007?
How many seats did Hamas win in the 2006 legislative election?
In what year did Hamas drive the PLO out of Gaza?
What has Hamas been praised for?
What type of regime did Hassan al-Turabi lead?
Who was the leader of Sudan's Islamist regime?
What group gained influence when General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government?
How did Hassan al-Turabi build a powerful economic base?
Where did Hassan al-Turabi place students?
When was al-Nimeiry overthrown?
How was the NIF able to overthrow the post-al-Nimeiry government?
What law did Turabi enforce?
Who did the NIF regime harbor?
What did the NIF work to unify Islamist opposition to?
What did the FIS advocate for women to do to alleviate the high rate of unemployment among young Algerian men?
When was the FIS founded?
Where was the FIS located?
What is another name for the Islamic Salvation Front?
What canceled voting in 1991?
What did the mujahideen's victory against the Soviet Union not lead to?
How was the civil war between political and tribal warlords?
When did the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan collapse?
What was Afghanistan's status as a result of the civil war?
How much of Afghanistan did the Taliban take over in 1996?
What movement was spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement established for impoverished Afghan refugees?
What country supported the Deobandi movement?
What is another term for the Taliban?
What was the name given to the tribal customs of the Taliban?
Who was the guest of the Taliban?
When did Zia-ul-Haq overthrow Prime Minister Ali Bhutto?
What did Ali Bhutto ban within six months of his overthrow?
What was Zia-ul-Haq's official state ideology?
What was Zia-ul-Haq using Islamization to legitimize?
When was Zia-ul-Haq killed?
What is the Islamic State?
Who is the Islamic State mainly composed of?
How many people were occupied by the Islamic State as of March 2015?
What does the Islamic State lack?
What did the Islamic State declare itself in 2014?
When did the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad pledge allegiance to al-Qaeda?
In what year did Western forces invade Iraq?
What did al-Qaeda complain about?
When did the Syrian Civil War begin?
What has the group been designated as by the United Nations, the European Union, and member states?
What is the view of the Caliphate?
When did the Ottoman Caliphate end?
When was the Ottoman Caliphate abolished?
What system did the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate end?
What is the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate believed to have done?
What type of jihad does HT not engage in?
How does HT try to take power?
Who does HT work through to change Muslim public opinion?
In what country did HT attempt and fail a coup in 1974?
What have many HT members gone on to join?
How many Muslims live in Greater London?
What type of outlook do some Muslims have?
In what year did Channel 4's Undercover Mosque air?
What term has been given to the presence of Muslims in Greater London?
What was Abu Hamza al-Masri charged with?
How long has the U.S. been trying to counter Islamism?
What department is responsible for public diplomacy programmes?
Who was an official in the George W. Bush administration?
What position did Robert Gates hold?
What was the U.S. Information Agency charged with during the Cold War?
What language did the word "imperium" come from?
Imperialism is a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of what?
What country has the term "imperialism" been applied to in the 19th and 20th centuries?
Imperialism has allowed for the rapid spread of what?
Imperialism is a policy of extending a country's power and what else?
What is defined as "physical control or full-fledged colonial rule"?
What is a form of imperialism based on racial, religious, or cultural stereotypes?
What type of imperialism is informal?
What term is used to mean "full-fledged colonial rule"?
What is generally less costly than taking over territories formally?
What is the general purpose of imperialism?
What expands the controlled area with informal rule?
What type of imperialism is more subtly spread through technological superiority?
What is the greatest distinction of an empire through the amount of land that a nation has conquered and expanded?
How are developed and developing nations portrayed?
Who suggested that imperialism was the highest form of capitalism?
What is the distinction that political empires were built mostly by expansion overland?
Most books on the subject confine themselves to what type of empires?
Imperialism is often conflated with what other term?
What does colonialism lack?
What kind of reasons is imperialism developed for?
What is a contiguous land empire excluded from discussions of colonialism?
Imperialism and colonialism have been used to describe one's superiority, domination and influence upon what?
What two ideologies dictate the political and economic advantage over a land and the indigenous populations they control?
What does colonialism refer to?
How does imperialism create an empire?
What is the core meaning of Colonialism?
What characteristics of the conquering peoples are inherited by the conquered indigenous populations?
What is a controversial aspect of imperialism?
What is the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds?
What does Hobson believe the races should have?
What is a supposedly rational justification for imperialism?
What is still prized today in Latin America?
What country was Friedrich Ratzel from?
What country was Halford Mackinder from?
What type of geographers supported imperialism?
Along with the Royal Geographical Society of London, what other societies had great influence?
What did the Royal Geographical Society of London do to travelers?
What theory suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people in need of European guidance?
What zone did Ellen Churchill Semple argue humans were only able to become fully human in?
What allowed Europe to establish itself as the superior and the norm?
What type of people were created in the tropics?
According to Siad, orientalism allowed Europe to establish itself as what?
What concept did British imperialism often use?
When did the British rule of the continent begin?
The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of what?
What type of people lived in Australia?
What does 'terra nullius' mean?
Orientalism refers to how the West developed what of the East?
What did early European studies of the Orient position the East as?
Defining the East as a negative vision of itself increased the West's sense of self as what?
What term is used by Edward Said to describe how the West developed an imaginative geography of the East?
What kind of West was the Orient?
What did Bassett analyze during the "scramble for Africa"?
What did Bassett believe the use of blank spaces allowed imperial and colonial powers to fill in?
What did Bassett use blank space to denote?
What did Bassett highlight the use of blank space to denote unknown or unexplored territory?
Which country did Bassett say helped the empire by promoting, assisting, and legitimizing the extension of power into West Africa?
During what era did the Aztec Empire and the Incan Empire exist?
Who conquered the Mongol Empire?
How many Historically recognized Muslim empires are there?
What is an example of an empire that predates the European colonial era?
Where is the Ethiopian Empire located?
What is it called when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles?
What is cultural imperialism?
What soap opera changed the expectations of Romanians?
What type of ians were affected by the depictions of opulent American lifestyles in the soap opera Dallas during the Cold War?
How do authoritarian regimes combat the influence of soft power?
When did the Age of Imperialism begin?
What did the Age of Imperialism involve influencing and annexing other parts of the world in order to gain political power?
How many years have imperialist practices existed?
When did the Age of Imperialism end?
What is the name of the policy in China?
When was John Gallagher born?
When did Ronald Robinson die?
Who were John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson?
What grew because of the resources made available by imperialism?
Who were rich and prosperous in the decades before World War I?
What was Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism primarily focused on?
When was the colonization of India?
Where did Europe collect resources from?
The British exploited the political weakness of what state?
Along with advancements in what technology did Europe continue to advance in military technology?
What did European chemists make that could be used in combat?
What became an effective battlefield weapon in the 1880s?
What weapons did armies in less developed countries fight with?
What type of chemists made deadly explosives that could be used in combat?
In anglophone academic works, theories regarding imperialism are often based on what country's experience?
When was the term Imperialism first introduced into English?
Imperialism was a policy of idealism and what else?
What did Lenin believe imperialism was a natural extension of capitalism?
The correlation between capitalism, imperialism, and what other group has long been debated among historians and political theorists?
When was the rise of the military-political complex in the US?
When were non-Marxist writers at their most prolific?
What did Hobson believe domestic social reforms could cure?
What did Hobson believe could boost consumption?
What concept served as a moral justification for domination of certain territories and peoples?
What was believed to determine a person's behaviours?
What were people living in tropical environments seen as?
Where was the last wave of European colonialism?
What are the two forms of environmental determinism?
Who believed that the world could be split into climatic zones?
Which climates produced a hard-working, moral, and upstanding human being?
What were the people of tropical climates in need of?
What is a view of a people based on their geographical location called?
Who believed that the world could be split into climatic zones?
When were Britain's imperialist ambitions first seen?
When was the British East India Company established?
Who chartered the British East India Company?
What did political activity cause to the East India Company in 1767?
Who set up trading posts in India?
When did France take control of Algeria?
In what year did France begin rebuilding its empire?
Along with French civilization and language, what religion did the new empire spread?
What continents did France focus on after 1850?
When did Republicans become supportive of the empire?
What did Jules Ferry say the higher races had a duty to do?
What was the term for full citizenship rights in France?
How many settlers did France send to its colonies?
What did France bring to the world to raise it up to French standards?
Where did French settlers remain a small minority?
What did Charles de Gaulle and the Free French use as bases from which they fought to liberate France?
What began to challenge the Empire after 1945?
What war did France lose in the 1950s?
Where did France win the war in Vietnam?
In what year did almost all of France's colonies gain independence?
Where were the Germanic tribes originally from?
Who was excluded from the Germanic conquest of central, western, and southern Europe by 1000 CE?
When did Germanic tribes expand throughout northern and western Europe?
When did the Holy Roman Empire form?
What part of Europe did the term "Germany" refer to?
When was Germany's participation in Western imperialism negligible?
When was Otto von Bismarck born?
When did Prussia unite the other states into the second German Empire?
Who caused the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire?
Prussia and the German states continued to stand aloof from imperialism, preferring to manipulate what system through the Concert of Europe?
Along with Africa, where did Germany begin to build a colonial empire in 1883-84?
What was the reason public opinion began to demand colonies?
When did the German colonial empire begin?
In what country did the German colonial empire begin?
Who influenced Bismarck?
What part of Sakhalin Island did Japan take from Russia?
When was the First Sino-Japanese War?
What country did Japan invade in the Second Sino-Japanese War?
What territory did Japan conquer in 1931?
Along with the Soviet Union, what country supported communist movements after World War II?
When did "Indigenization" stop being implemented?
Who asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory?
Where did the Soviet Union install socialist regimes?
Who had effectively reestablished a polity with roughly the same extent as the empire by 1921?
What did Trotsky believe the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of?
Who declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism?
Who once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade?
Who announced the continuation of the war on imperialism?
What did Joseph Stalin establish for the Soviet Union?
What was the First British Empire based on?
In what year did Britain lose its American colonies?
What policy gave Britain dominance in the trade of much of the world?
When did Britain gain control of trade and finance in Latin America?
In what year did Britain defeat Napoleonic France?
What was the largest empire that the world has ever seen?
Social Darwinism and theories of race formed what ideological underpinning during the 19th century?
What spirit was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury?
Along with Asia, what region saw a resurgence in the late 19th century?
What was the name of the policy that the US expressed its opposition to Imperialism through?
What was the name of Theodore Roosevelt's policy in Central America?
What happened in the Philippines one year after the Anti-Imperialist League was created?
What country did the Anti-Imperialist League oppose annexation of?
What did Smedley Butler call American foreign policy?
Who was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914?
In what year was Isiah Bowman appointed to President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry?
Who was involved in the inquiry?
What did the inquiry build a premise that would allow for?
What was Isiah Bowman known as as a result of his role in the inquiry?
What have some people groups described as a form of imperialism or colonialism?
What is the internal form of imperialism referred to as?
How many Africans were treated during the slave trade?
What region did Edward Said describe as being attacked by the United States?
When did the Ottoman Empire end?
Who was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th and 17th centuries?
How many provinces were in the Ottoman empire at the beginning of the 17th century?
What part of Europe did the Ottoman empire control?
When did the Ottoman Empire control much of Southeast Europe?
What was the capital of the Ottoman Empire?
What country did the Ottoman empire ally with in the early 20th century?
When did the Ottoman empire dissolve?
What new state was created in the Ottoman Anatolian heartland?
What is the UMC?
What is the UMC?
When was the UMC founded?
Who founded the UMC?
What is the UMC's theological orientation?
What is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement?
How many adherents does the United Methodist Church have in the world?
What is the largest denomination in the United States?
What percentage of the US population self-identifies with the UMC?
When did the movement that would become the United Methodist Church begin?
Where did the movement that would become the United Methodist Church begin?
How did the mocking students describe the Methodists?
When did John and Charles Wesley go to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians?
Where did John and Charles Wesley go to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians?
Who did John and Charles Wesley go to America to teach the gospel to?
What did the Anglican ministers emphasize?
What event separated the Methodists in the American colonies from the life and sacraments of the Anglican Church?
In what year was the Baltimore Christmas Conference held?
Who was the superintendent of the Methodist Society?
Where was the Baltimore Christmas Conference held?
Where was the Baltimore Christmas Conference held?
What is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States?
What is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States?
When was St. George's United Methodist Church founded?
Where did St. George's United Methodist Church first meet?
When was the Methodist Episcopal Church founded?
Who were the first African Americans ordained by the Methodist Church?
Who licensed Allen and Jones in 1784?
In what year were Richard Allen and Absalom Jones licensed by St. George's Church?
When did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church?
Why did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1830?
When did the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences?
Why did the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences?
When was the United Methodist Church created?
Where was the United Methodist Church formed?
Who represented The Methodist Church?
What type of church does the United Methodist Church understand itself to be part of?
What book recognizes the importance of the Chalcedonian Creed of the Council of Chalcedon?
What does the Book of Discipline uphold?
Why was John Wesley compelled to ordain two of his lay preachers as presbyters?
Who assisted John Wesley in ordaining Thomas Vasey and Richard Whatcoat?
Who were two of John Wesley's lay preachers?
When was the United Methodist Church formed?
Who are theAnglicans?
Who led the team that systematized denominational doctrine?
Who led the team that systematized denominational doctrine?
What is the power that enables us to love and motivates us to seek a relationship with God through Jesus Christ?
What is the power that enables us to love and motivates us to seek a relationship with God through Jesus Christ?
What is the term forvenient grace?
What is the power that enables us to love and motivates us to seek a relationship with God through Jesus Christ?
What is the name of the grace offered by God to all people?
What is it called when we are received by God in spite of our sin?
What is another name for justifying grace?
What is another name for justifying grace?
What did John Wesley call the experience of being "born again"?
What is Sanctifying Grace?
What is the grace of God that sustains the believers in the journey toward Christian Perfection?
What is Sanctifying Grace?
What is Sanctifying Grace?
What stands at a unique cross-roads between evangelical and sacramental?
What does the UMC believe in?
What is one of the more moderate and tolerant denominations with respect to race, gender, and ideology?
According to what book is United Methodist theology at once catholic, evangelical, and reformed?
When did the General Conference go on record in support of the work of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice?
What is the United Methodist Church's position on abortion?
What group was the United Methodist Church a founding member of?
Which two bodies are part of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice's governing coalition?
Who does the church emphasize the need to be in supportive ministry with?
The church holds that they are equally bound to respect the sacredness of the life and well-being of whom?
What does TUMAS stand for?
When was the General Conference held?
Who is the president of the Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality?
What movement has the Methodist Church supported in the past?
When did the General Board of Church and Society call on all United Methodists to abstain from alcohol for Lent?
What was John Wesley's famous sermon called?
What does the United Methodist Church use in the sacrament of Holy Communion?
What does the United Methodist Church condemn?
When was the death penalty abolished?
When did Jesus repudiate the lex talionis?
What organization of the United Methodist Church calls for opposition to the death penalty?
What does the United Methodist Church prohibit the celebration of?
When was Rev. Jimmy Creech defrocked?
When was same-sex marriage legalized nationwide?
What governing committee voted in favor of a localized option?
Many organizations, conferences, and congregations have recently called for broader acceptance of what community within the UMC?
Many conferences have taken a position by voting in favor of what?
In what year was Rose Mary Denman defrocked?
When were clergy credentials removed from Irene Elizabeth Stroud?
Who has approved the appointment of an openly partnered lesbian to the provisional diaconate?
What does the United Methodist Church oppose as incompatible with the teaching of Scripture?
What is not always righteous before God?
What type of war does the United Methodist Church oppose?
The United Methodist Church maintains that war is incompatible with what?
What does the United Methodist Church view war as?
What does the United Methodist Church endorse under strict and effective international control?
Who states that pornography is harmful and is generally addictive?
What does the United Methodist Church believe pornography is about?
Who do people who are addicted to pornography change their perceptions of?
The UMC supports federal funding for research on embryos created for what?
What does the UMC support research on?
The UMC supports federal funding for what?
What was the revised version of The Book of Common Prayer called?
When did John Wesley provide a revised version of The Book of Common Prayer?
What was the revised version of when the Methodists in America were separated from the Church of England?
Where is the United Methodist Church located?
Where are many of the liturgies derived from?
What does exorcism involve?
What may be named after a biblical figure?
Who was the Salvation Army Founder?
Who was the founder of Methodism?
What church is organized into conferences?
What is the highest level of the United Methodist Church?
Where are Legislative changes recorded?
What is the highest level of the United Methodist Church?
How often does the General Conference meet?
How many jurisdictions are in the United States?
How many central conferences does the church have outside of the United States?
What is the main purpose of the jurisdictions and central conferences?
Who are the chief administrators of the church?
What are the areas that bishops are elected to serve?
Who makes decisions in-between the four-year meetings?
Who makes up the Mission Council?
How many acres did the Mission Council of the South Central Jurisdiction approve in 2007?
What was the purpose of the lease?
Where is the George W. Bush Presidential Library located?
How many members are in the Judicial Council?
What is the highest court in the denomination?
How long is the term of the Judicial Council?
How often does the Judicial Council meet?
Where does the Judicial Council meet?
What is the basic unit of organization within the UMC?
What does the term Annual Conference refer to?
What are the Clergy members of?
What is the guidebook for local churches and pastors?
How many members must a board of trustees have?
How many members must a UM church's board of trustees have?
What is the annual meeting of all the officers of the church?
What is the annual meeting of all the officers of the church?
How many colleges and universities is the United Methodist Church affiliated with?
How many schools and institutions does the United Methodist Church operate overseas?
What is the name of the organization that the United Methodist Church is a member of?
Who ordained the first Methodist clergy?
What do elders generally serve as in local congregations?
Elders in full connection are each a member of what?
What organization is each deacon in full connection a member of?
Who advises the bishop on clergy appointments?
How often is an appointment made?
When are no appointments officially fixed?
Who is ordained by a bishop to a ministry of Word, Sacrament, Order and Service within the church?
Where may Elders be appointed?
How long do Elders serve as provisional Elders?
Elders may be assigned as what?
How long do deacons serve as provisional deacons?
Who is ordained by a bishop to servant leadership within the church?
Who is ordained by a bishop to servant leadership within the church?
How can a deacons be appointed as the pastor in a local church?
When was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?
Who is a seminary graduate who serves a two-three-year term in a full-time appointment after being commissioned?
When was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?
What is the official title of a Local Pastor?
What is the official title of a local pastor?
How many years must a local pastor attend a United Methodist seminary?
What type of membership can local pastors continue towards?
Who becomes Professing Members through confirmation and sometimes the profession of faith?
How do Baptized Members become Professing Members?
How can an individual become a Professing Member?
What is a sacrament in the UMC?
What do students learn about Church and the Methodist-Christian theological tradition in order to profess their ultimate faith in Christ?
What directs the local church to offer membership preparation classes to all people?
What do students learn in confirmation and membership preparation classes?
What are the two categories of local church lay servant?
How is a local church lay servant recognized?
How often must a certified lay servant report and reapply?
How many advanced courses must a certified lay servant complete?
What is one tradition within the Christian Church?
What status did the United Methodist Church seek in the National Association of Evangelicals?
What do some in the United Methodist Church feel false ecumenism might result in?
When was a Commission on Pan Methodist Cooperation and Union formed?
When did the United Methodist Church enter full communion with the African Methodist Episcopal Church?
When was the United Methodist Church exploring a possible merger with three historically African-American Methodist denominations?
How many members were in the UMC at the time of its formation?
How many congregations were there at the time of the UMC's formation?
How many members were in the UMC in 2005?
How many congregations were there in 2005?
What state has the largest number of members?
What was the estimated total UMC membership by the opening of the 2008 General Conference?
How many members were in the U.S. at the 2008 General Conference?
How many members were overseas at the 2008 General Conference?
What group does the UMC belong to?
What is the interdenominational group composed of various churches in the tradition of John Wesley?
When did delegates to the World Methodist Council vote unanimously to adopt the "Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification"?
When was the French and Indian War?
Who fought the French and Indian War?
What was the population of the French North American colonies at the start of the war?
How many European settlers were in the British colonies?
Where was the war fought?
What was the beginning of the war?
What was the name of the Battle of Jumonville Glen?
In what year did the British capture Fort Beauséjour?
What was the result of Braddock's attack on the French?
Why did British operations fail in the frontier areas of Pennsylvania and New York in 1755, 1756, and 1757?
What was the name of the Fort separating Nova Scotia from Acadia?
What did the British order after the capture of Fort Beauséjour?
Who increased the British military resources in the colonies?
Why was France unwilling to risk large convoys?
Where did France concentrate its forces?
Where were the British defeated?
What territory did France cede to Great Britain?
What territory did France cede to Great Britain?
What was the result of France's colonial presence in the Caribbean?
When was the King George's War?
What obscures the fact that the French and Indian War was part of the Seven Years' War?
What was the Seven Years' War?
What are other less frequently used names for the war?
What are the dates of the Seven Years' War?
How long did the fighting between the two colonial powers last?
In what year was Montreal captured?
What battle took place in 1754?
What was the population of the French?
How was the French population?
What watersheds did French fur traders and trappers travel through?
How much did the British outnumber the French?
Where was the population of British settlers?
Where were the population centers of the British colonies?
Who dominated large areas between the French and the British?
What tribes were engaged in Father Le Loutre's War?
What areas did the Iroquois Confederation dominate?
What was the rule of the Iroquois Confederation?
Which Siouan-speaking tribes dominated the Southeast interior?
Where were the Huron, Mississauga, Ojibwa, Winnebago, and Potawatomi located?
Who supported the British in the Anglo-Cherokee War?
How many French troops were stationed in North America at the start of the war?
How many British troops were stationed in North America at the start of the war?
What did most British colonies do to deal with native threats?
How many miles did Céloron's expedition cover?
How many Indians were in Céloron's expedition force?
Who did Céloron tell to leave when he encountered British merchants or fur-traders?
What did the Native Americans do when Céloron's expedition arrived at Logstown?
Where was the home of the Miami chief?
What did Céloron do to "Old Briton"?
How did "Old Briton" respond to Céloron's warning?
What did Céloron say about the Natives?
How did each side of the conflict react to Céloron's report?
What did William Shirley say about the British colonists?
In what year did the British government give land to the Ohio Company of Virginia?
Who did the British give land to in 1749?
Who opened negotiations with the Indian tribes at Logstown?
What was the name of the treaty that was signed in 1752?
Where was the "strong house" built?
What is the North American theater of the War of the Austrian Succession known as?
When did the War of the Austrian Succession end?
What issues were turned over to a commission to resolve?
How were the frontiers claimed by both sides of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle?
Who was the Governor-General of New France before Charles le Moyne de Longueuil?
How many men were given to Langlade?
What was the objective of Charles Michel de Langlade?
How did the French attack Pickawillany?
Who was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians?
Where was the first fort built?
Where was the second fort built?
What was the mission of the Troupes de la Marine and Indians?
Who was a chief of the Mingo?
What position did William Johnson hold?
What was William Johnson known as to the Iroquois?
What position was William Johnson made in 1746?
Who was the Speaker of the Iroquois tribal council?
What company was Governor Robert Dinwiddie an investor in?
Who warned the French to leave Virginia territory?
Who did Washington pick up along the way?
When did Washington and his men reach Fort Le Boeuf?
Who succeeded Marin as commander of the French forces?
Who sent the letter to Saint-Pierre?
How did Saint-Pierre respond to the letter from Dinwiddie?
What did Saint-Pierre say about France's claim to the Ohio Country?
How did Contrecur relieve Saint-Pierre?
When did Dinwiddie begin construction of a small stockaded fort?
What did Contrecur build after the withdrawal of Trent's company?
What was the Battle of Jumonville Glen?
What happened to the Canadians in the Battle of Jumonville Glen?
Why did Tanaghrisson want to gain the support of the British?
What was the purpose of the army expedition?
How did the British announce their plans for North America?
How did King Louis XV respond to the French?
What did the British intend to do?
What was the name of the congress that was convened in June and July of 1754?
What was the goal of the Albany Congress?
How was the plan ratified by the colonial legislatures?
What was the result of the Albany Congress?
Who led the expedition to take Fort Duquesne?
What was the outcome of the expedition?
How many British soldiers were killed?
Who played a key role in organizing the retreat?
Who did the French acquire a copy of the British war plans?
How did Shirley's efforts to fortify Oswego suffer?
What did Shirley plan to do when he was in his absence?
What did Shirley leave at Oswego, Fort Bull, and Fort Williams?
Who noticed that Johnson's expedition was better organized than Shirley's?
Why did Vaudreuil send Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric?
How did the Battle of Lake George end?
What was the name of the fort in the Battle of Lake George?
Where did the French withdraw to?
Who captured Fort Beauséjour?
What did Nova Scotia's Governor Charles Lawrence order?
Where were the only clashes of any size?
Who assumed command of British forces after the death of Braddock?
Where was a meeting held in December 1755?
What did William Shirley plan to do in 1756?
How did William Shirley plan to attack Quebec?
Who was Lord Loudoun's second in command?
Who led the French regular army reinforcements in New France in May 1756?
When did England declare war on France?
Where were the forts Shirley erected?
In what battle did French forces destroy the fort?
How much gunpowder did the French destroy in the Battle of Fort Bull?
What did the destruction of Fort Bull set back for the British?
Who refused to take any significant actions until Loudoun approved them?
Where did Montcalm move his headquarters?
What garrison did Montcalm harass in August?
What did Montcalm and the Indians disagree about?
What was Loudoun's plan for 1757?
Why did Loudoun leave a large force at Fort William Henry?
Who was the Secretary of State responsible for the colonies?
Why did Loudoun return to New York?
Who harassed Fort William Henry throughout the first half of 1757?
What frozen lake did the raid on Fort William Henry take place across?
What did some of Montcalm's Indian allies do?
Why were Vaudreuil and Montcalm minimally resupplied?
What exacerbated the situation in New France in 1757?
Where did Montcalm focus his resources on?
What led to the fall of Newcastle and his principal military advisor, the Duke of Cumberland?
Who developed Pitt's plan for the 1758 campaign?
What did Pitt's plan call for?
How many of Pitt's offensives were successful?
How many Frenchmen defeated Abercrombie's force in the Battle of Carillon?
How many people were in Abercrombie's force at the Battle of Carillon?
What did Abercrombie do?
What happened to Abercrombie?
What did France's new foreign minister decide to focus on?
Why did the invasion of Britain fail?
Where did the French Navy fail in the 1759 naval battles?
Who defeated Montcalm at Quebec?
What did Fort Niagara do to the French frontier forts?
In what battle did the British lose outside Quebec City?
In what battle did the British prevent the arrival of French relief ships?
Who negotiated a capitulation with General Amherst?
What rights did Amherst grant to French residents who chose to remain in the colony?
Who did Vaudreuil negotiate a capitulation with?
What officially ended the war in North America?
What was the name of the treaty that settled the war in the European theatre of the Seven Years' War?
What did the British offer France to surrender?
How did the British view the value of the Caribbean islands' sugar cane?
How many people lived in Acadia?
When did the deportation of Acadians begin?
Where did the British resettle many Acadians?
Where did some of the Acadians flee to after the Haitian Revolution?
Who issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763?
What did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 do?
Where was the reservation of lands included in the treaty?
Where did most of the Spanish Catholic population go?
Why was the Ohio Country vulnerable to legal and illegal settlement?
When was the Spanish takeover of Louisiana completed?
Which two tribes had a rise in tensions after the British took over Louisiana?
What did the elimination of French power in North America mean for native populations?
What concept did philosophers in antiquity use in the study of stationary and moving objects and simple machines?
What was the belief that a force is required to maintain motion, even at a constant velocity?
Who formulated laws of motion that were not improved-on for nearly three hundred years?
How long did Sir Isaac Newton's laws of motion not be improved on?
Who developed a theory of relativity that correctly predicted the action of forces on objects with increasing momenta near the speed of light?
What model has particle physics devised to describe forces between particles smaller than atoms?
What are exchanged particles called?
What are the four main interactions in order of decreasing strength?
Along with strong, electromagnetic, and weak, what interaction is known to decrease strength?
What interaction are the weak and electromagnetic forces expressions of?
Who provided a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology?
Aristotle's philosophical discussion of the concept of a force was an integral part of what?
How many elements did Aristotle believe the terrestrial sphere contained?
Where did Aristotle believe motionless objects to be in their natural place?
What type of motion did Aristotle believe required continued application of a force?
When did Galileo Galilei's work begin to correct the shortcomings of Aristotelian physics?
Who was influenced by the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of impetus?
What did Galileo Galilei believe objects in forced motion carried an innate force of?
Who constructed an experiment in which stones and cannonballs were both rolled down an incline to disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion?
What type of force did Galileo Galilei argue that objects retain their velocity unless acted on by?
Who proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia?
What was Galileo's insight that constant velocity was associated with?
Who proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia?
What law states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force or resultant force?
What are the laws of physics in every inertial frame of reference?
What do not change when traveling in a moving vehicle at a constant velocity?
What type of path does the ball follow?
When traveling in a moving vehicle at a constant velocity, the laws of physics do not change from being what?
What applies equally well to constant velocity motion as it does to rest?
What concept can be further generalized to explain the tendency of objects to continue in many different forms of constant motion?
What fixes the constancy of the length of a day and the length of a year?
Who explained that reference frames subject to constant acceleration were physically equivalent to inertial reference frames?
What do astronauts experience when in free-fall orbit around the Earth?
What was one of the foundational underpinnings for the development of the general theory of relativity?
What asserts the direct proportionality of acceleration to force and the inverse proportionality of acceleration to mass?
Accelerations can be defined through what type of measurements?
What offers an equivalence between space-time and mass?
What offers an equivalence between space-time and mass?
What are the relative units of force and mass?
What law is a result of applying symmetry to situations where forces are attributed to the presence of different objects?
What law is a result of applying symmetry to situations where forces are attributed to the presence of different objects?
What type of force does Newton's Third Law say there is no such thing as?
What are F and F equal in?
The action-reaction force shared between two objects in a closed system will not cause what part of the system to accelerate?
In what type of system of particles are there no internal forces that are unbalanced?
The action-reaction force shared between any two objects in a closed system will not cause the center of what to accelerate?
What is quantified using precise operational definitions?
What is compared to the intuitive understanding of forces?
What theory offers a conceptual definition of force?
How is it determined that laboratory measurements of forces are fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics?
What are forces classified as?
What are physical quantities that do not have direction called?
What avoids the problem of determining if the net force is the result of adding two force magnitudes or subtracting one from the other?
What is the situation if both the magnitude and the direction of each force are not known?
What avoids the problem of determining if the net force is the result of adding two force magnitudes or subtracting one from the other?
In what condition were forces first quantitatively investigated?
What are the two properties of forces that are additive vector quantities?
What is another name for the resulting force when two forces act on a point particle?
What must be specified if the forces are acting on an extended body?
What rule of vector addition determines the net force?
What can forces be resolved into at right angles to each other?
How many forces can a horizontal force pointing northeast be split into?
What does summing component forces using vector addition yield?
For what type of components are the components of the vector sum uniquely determined by the scalar addition of the components of the individual vectors?
How can orthogonal force vectors be?
What increases or decreases in response to the applied force up to an upper limit determined by the characteristics of the contact between the surface and the object?
What increases or decreases in response to the applied force up to an upper limit determined by the characteristics of the contact between the surface and the object?
What force is opposed by static friction?
What is opposed by static friction?
What is the most common way of measuring forces?
What force equals the object's weight?
What force is proportional to volume for objects of constant density?
What force is proportional to volume for objects of constant density?
Who wrote the Three Laws of Motion?
Who first described Dynamic equilibrium?
What did Galileo conclude that motion in a constant velocity was completely equivalent to?
Who first described Dynamic equilibrium?
Where would the falling cannonball land in an Aristotelian universe?
In an Aristotelian universe, the falling cannonball would land behind what part of a moving ship?
What occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with kinetic friction?
What opposes the applied force?
A simple case of dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with what?
Who misinterpreted the motion as being caused by the applied force?
Whose equation describes the physics of force instead of Newtonian equations?
The Schrödinger equation is now described by the Schrödinger equation instead of what equations?
The potentials V(x,y,z) or fields are treated similar to what?
What are the results of a measurement now sometimes called?
What concept keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics?
What is the discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable called?
What principle relates the space and spin variables?
What is the discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable called?
What type of spins must the position variables be symmetric for?
What is an example of a symmetric spin function?
In modern particle physics, forces and the acceleration of particles are explained as what?
What is a redundant concept arising from conservation of momentum?
What is the redundant concept of force arising from?
What diagram is used to describe fundamental interactions?
How is each matter particle represented in a Feynman diagram?
How many fundamental interactions are the forces in the universe based on?
What are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances?
What force acts between electric charges?
The gravitational force acts between what?
What principle does not permit atoms to pass through each other?
Who unified the force responsible for objects falling at the surface of the Earth with the force responsible for the orbits of celestial mechanics?
What century saw the development of quantum mechanics?
The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of what of disparate ideas?
What type of models are physicists attempting to develop that would combine all four fundamental interactions into a theory of everything?
Who was the first to identify gravity as a universal force?
Who was instrumental in describing the characteristics of falling objects?
What is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity towards the surface of the Earth?
Where is the magnitude of 9.81 meters per second squared taken?
What force on an object at the Earth's surface is directly proportional to the object's mass?
Where could the effects of gravity be observed in different ways?
Newton determined that the acceleration of what object around the Earth could be ascribed to the same force of gravity if the acceleration due to gravity decreased as an inverse square law?
Newton realized that the acceleration due to gravity is proportional to what of the attracting body?
What does Newton's formula relate to the gravitational acceleration?
What is the dimensional constant that describes the relative strength of gravity known as?
Who made the first measurement of using a torsion balance?
When was Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance?
Whose Law of Gravitation states that the force on a spherical object of mass is due to the gravitational pull of mass?
What planet did Albert Einstein add a correction to when he formulated his theory of general relativity?
What planet did some astrophysicists predict would explain the discrepancies?
What does GR stand for?
Who formulated the theory of general relativity?
Who formulated the theory of general relativity?
What is the theory that best explains gravity?
What is the path of an object called?
What is the time derivative of the changing momentum of an object called?
In what sense can the curvature of space-time be observed?
What does Lorentz's Law combine as the time rate of change of electric charge?
The connection between electricity and magnetism allows for the description of what force that acts on a charge?
What is the rule of vector multiplication called?
What force is due to the electric field?
Who unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations?
When was the origin of electric and magnetic fields fully explained?
How many scalar equations were created by James Clerk Maxwell?
How many vector equations were reformulated by Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs?
Who discovered that electric and magnetic fields could be self-generating?
What theory did quantum mechanics modify?
What was used to develop a new theory of electromagnetism?
What did the final modification to electromagnetic theory lead to?
What are wave-particles known as?
What did the final modification to electromagnetic theory lead to?
What is it common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to?
What principle is responsible for the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter?
When electrons in a material are densely packed together, there are not enough lower what quantum mechanical states for them all?
How is this effect manifested macroscopically?
What is it common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to?
What principle is responsible for the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter?
When electrons in a material are densely packed together, there are not enough lower what quantum mechanical states for them all?
How is this effect manifested macroscopically?
What does the strong force only act directly upon?
What is observed between hadrons?
What is the force that acts between nucleons in atomic nuclei called?
How is the strong force transmitted?
What is the phenomenon in which elementary particles are not directly observable?
What is due to the exchange of heavy W and Z bosons?
What is the most familiar effect of neutrons in atomic nuclei?
Along with beta decay, what is an effect of the weak force?
How many times less is the field strength than the strong force?
At what temperature are electromagnetic forces and the weak force indistinguishable?
What is the force that responds whenever an external force pushes on a solid object?
What follows when electron clouds overlap?
What is the reason for Pauli repulsion?
What force is responsible for the structural integrity of tables and floors?
What are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable?
What allows ideal strings to switch physical direction?
How do ideal strings transmit tension forces instantaneously?
What do tandem effects result in?
What does a set-up that connects the same string multiple times to the same object use?
Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics were first developed to describe how forces affect what?
Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics were first developed to describe how forces affect idealized point particles rather than what?
What type of structure does matter have in real life?
forces that act on one part of an object might affect what parts of an object?
What does matter have in real life?
What accounts for forces that cause all strains?
What is associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What is associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What includes pressure terms associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What is angle the rotation equivalent of?
What does rotational inertia ensure that all bodies maintain their angular momentum unless acted upon by?
What can be used to derive an analogous equation for the instantaneous angular acceleration of the rigid body?
Where is the unbalanced centripetal force felt by any object always directed?
The unbalanced centripetal force that accelerates an object can be resolved into a component that is what?
What is the radial force?
What direction does the unit vector point outwards from the center of the circular path?
What is the force that accelerates the object by either slowing it down or speeding it up?
A conservative force that acts on a closed system has an associated mechanical work that allows energy to convert only between what form?
The force is related directly to the difference in what energy between two different locations in space?
What is conserved whenever a conservative force acts on a closed system?
What is the force related to between two different locations in space?
What can the force be considered to be of the potential field?
For certain physical scenarios, what is impossible to model as being due to gradient of potentials?
For certain physical scenarios, it is impossible to model forces as being due to what?
What is caused by the gradients of numerous electrostatic potentials between the atoms?
What type of forces are other than friction?
The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces is described by detailed treatment with what?
What forces act to change the internal energies of the system?
What forces act to change the internal energies of the system?
What law of thermodynamics states that nonconservative forces result in energy transformations within closed systems?
What forces act to change the internal energies of the system?
What is the force exerted by standard gravity on one kilogram of mass?
What is another name for the kilogram-force?
What is the metric unit of mass that accelerates at 1 ms2 when subjected to a force of 1 kgf?
What is equivalent to 1000 lbf?
What is the equivalent of 1000 N?