A girl signals her friend by shining a flashlight on a mirror. Her friend can see the signal because [SEP] A. heat energy can be transferred from one object to another [SEP] B. mechanical energy can be transferred from one object to another [SEP] C. sound energy can be reflected from one object to another [SEP] D. light energy can be reflected from one object to another

Answer: D


If a wooded area is cleared and corn is planted, what will MOST likely happen? [SEP] A. Animal habitats will be destroyed. [SEP] B. The air will become polluted. [SEP] C. Weather patterns will change. [SEP] D. Underground streams will get polluted.

Answer: A


Warm water contains less dissolved oxygen than colder water. Which population will be most affected by a long period of hot, dry days? [SEP] A. fish in ponds [SEP] B. fish in oceans [SEP] C. plants in lakes [SEP] D. plants in streams

Answer: A


Which of the following is most responsible for the decay of dead organisms? [SEP] A. water [SEP] B. mammals [SEP] C. microorganisms [SEP] D. nitrogen

Answer: C


When a book is dropped onto a wooden desk, the molecules in the wood begin to vibrate from the force of the book. Which of these is produced by the vibrations? [SEP] A. friction [SEP] B. interference [SEP] C. sound waves [SEP] D. ultrasonic waves

Answer: C


In 1976, the Viking I Lander was sent to Mars to analyze atmospheric gases and soil samples. The Viking I Lander was most likely a [SEP] A. space probe. [SEP] B. space shuttle. [SEP] C. lunar module. [SEP] D. natural satellite.

Answer: A


Which action forms a different chemical substance? [SEP] 1. crushing a rock [SEP] 2. burning a piece of wood [SEP] 3. mixing salt and pepper [SEP] 4. melting an ice cube

Answer: 2


Why do dogs have most of the characteristics of their parents? [SEP] A. They inherit them from their parents. [SEP] B. They live in the same habitats as their parents. [SEP] C. They learn them by observing their parents. [SEP] D. They eat the same foods as their parents.

Answer: A


Which describes a specific characteristic necessary for survival in the desert? [SEP] A. conserving water [SEP] B. hiding from predators [SEP] C. hibernating for long periods [SEP] D. producing many offspring

Answer: A


Frogs lay eggs that develop into tadpoles and then into adult frogs. This sequence of changes is an example of how living things [SEP] A. go through a life cycle [SEP] B. form a food web [SEP] C. act as a source of food [SEP] D. affect other parts of the ecosystem

Answer: A


Quartz and feldspar are two common minerals. When they are found mixed together in nature they form [SEP] A. rocks. [SEP] B. magma. [SEP] C. soil deposits. [SEP] D. organic material.

Answer: A


Atoms of which of these elements are part of many organic molecules? [SEP] A. calcium [SEP] B. magnesium [SEP] C. oxygen [SEP] D. silicon

Answer: C


Which object is the best conductor of electricity? [SEP] A. metal fork [SEP] B. rubber boot [SEP] C. plastic spoon [SEP] D. wooden bat

Answer: A


An element with which property would be best to use in electrical wiring? [SEP] A. insulator [SEP] B. conductor [SEP] C. malleable [SEP] D. porous

Answer: B


A large rock breaks into small pieces within 10 years. Which process is most likely responsible for breaking the large rock into small pieces within 10 years? [SEP] A. steady winds blowing throughout the years [SEP] B. gentle rain falling during each spring and fall [SEP] C. lack of rain falling during a four-year drought [SEP] D. water repeatedly freezing and thawing in a crack

Answer: D


Paco throws a ball. What force pulls the ball down toward the ground? [SEP] A. friction [SEP] B. gravity [SEP] C. inertia [SEP] D. momentum

Answer: B


Which is a unit of measure for length? [SEP] A. meters [SEP] B. degrees [SEP] C. milliliters [SEP] D. atmospheres

Answer: A


Movement of Earth's crust along plate boundaries produces [SEP] 1. fronts [SEP] 2. tides [SEP] 3. hurricanes [SEP] 4. earthquakes

Answer: 4


The praying mantis is well camouflaged in its natural habitat. What is a benefit of this adaptation? [SEP] A. It increases the mutation rate of favorable genes. [SEP] B. It reduces the risk of being eaten by a predator. [SEP] C. It allows absorption of chlorophyll from plants. [SEP] D. It improves the chances of finding a mate.

Answer: B


The Greek philosopher Aristotle described matter with the phrase "unable to be divided." The modern concept that grew from Aristotle's idea is the [SEP] A. atom. [SEP] B. proton. [SEP] C. neutron. [SEP] D. electron.

Answer: A


Paleontologists often find and study the remains of ancient plants and animals. When the remains of ancient plants and animals are covered by layers of sediment over time, the remains [SEP] A. melt [SEP] B. dissolve [SEP] C. become a fossil [SEP] D. evaporate into vapor

Answer: C


What are the basic structural units of living organisms? [SEP] A. cells [SEP] B. nuclei [SEP] C. organs [SEP] D. tissues

Answer: A


A student is visiting a local limestone quarry and finds fossils of seashells. The quarry is located hundreds of miles from the ocean. The fossils best indicate that [SEP] A. this area was once below sea level. [SEP] B. global temperature changed over time. [SEP] C. erosion took place after a flood. [SEP] D. volcanic activity affected the area.

Answer: A


What happens to metal railroad tracks during the heat of a summer day? [SEP] A. decrease in weight [SEP] B. increase in weight [SEP] C. decrease in length [SEP] D. increase in length

Answer: D


Jake is testing how light affects plant growth. He grows two plants in identical pots with the same amount of water and fertilizer. Jake grows one of the plants in the sun, and the other in the shade. Which part of Jake's process indicates that there is a control for this investigation? [SEP] A. He is growing plants in identical pots. [SEP] B. He is using the same amount of water. [SEP] C. He is growing one plant out of the sun. [SEP] D. He is using the same amount of fertilizer.

Answer: C


Which stage of a frog's life cycle can be compared to a plant seed growing into a new plant? [SEP] A. when frog eggs are laid in water [SEP] B. when frog eggs hatch into tadpoles [SEP] C. when tadpoles live in water and breathe with gills [SEP] D. when frogs use lungs for breathing out of water

Answer: B


Which of these elements is likely to be found in an organic compound? [SEP] A. helium [SEP] B. hydrogen [SEP] C. mercury [SEP] D. tin

Answer: B


What statement describes what happens to the carbon dioxide waste produced by a developing baby during pregnancy? [SEP] A. It is carried by the umbilical cord to the placenta and then to the mother's blood. [SEP] B. It is released from the fetus by its breathing and then is absorbed by the placenta. [SEP] C. It is released through the fetal urine and then exits through the umbilical cord. [SEP] D. It is carried through shared blood vessels and then to the mother's lungs.

Answer: A


Which part of the atom has a negative charge? [SEP] A. neutron [SEP] B. nucleus [SEP] C. electron [SEP] D. proton

Answer: C


Which is a learned behavior? [SEP] A. A dog uses its tongue to drink. [SEP] B. A robin holds a branch with its feet. [SEP] C. A chimpanzee digs for termites with a stick. [SEP] D. A worm moves to the top of flooded ground.

Answer: C


Organisms that reproduce asexually generally have offspring that are [SEP] A. unicellular. [SEP] B. multicellular. [SEP] C. genetically varied. [SEP] D. genetically identical.

Answer: D


Crows are found throughout many parts of the world. They are black birds with excellent hearing. In the wild they live for six to seven years. Some crows in Japan open hard-shelled nuts by dropping them in front of moving cars. Which of these is a learned behavior? [SEP] A. Having excellent hearing [SEP] B. Living six to seven years [SEP] C. Dropping nuts in front of cars [SEP] D. Having black feathers

Answer: C


Which object would best help a student determine if a block of an unknown material is magnetic? [SEP] A. wooden ruler [SEP] B. paper clip [SEP] C. glass marble [SEP] D. magnifying glass

Answer: B


About how much of Earth's surface is covered by oceans? [SEP] A. less than 20% [SEP] B. about 50% [SEP] C. about 70% [SEP] D. more than 90%

Answer: C


Sound will not travel in a [SEP] 1. solid [SEP] 2. liquid [SEP] 3. gas [SEP] 4. vacuum

Answer: 4


What supplies most of the energy that plants need to make food? [SEP] A. rain [SEP] B. wind [SEP] C. minerals [SEP] D. sunlight

Answer: D


Which of the following is the main role of flowers found on most flowering plants? [SEP] A. to take in air [SEP] B. to produce seeds [SEP] C. to absorb nutrients [SEP] D. to protect the stem

Answer: B


Which adaptation will warn predators not to eat an animal? [SEP] A. bright colors [SEP] B. bulging eyes [SEP] C. geometric shapes [SEP] D. poisonous secretions

Answer: A


The cones of a jack pine tree require great amounts of heat to release their seeds. When are jack pine tree seeds most likely released? [SEP] A. during a flood [SEP] B. after a fire [SEP] C. during a drought [SEP] D. after a disease

Answer: B


When a thin slice from an onion is viewed through a microscope, lots of little box-like shapes are seen. These shapes are most likely [SEP] A. atoms. [SEP] B. dust. [SEP] C. cells. [SEP] D. bubbles.

Answer: C


Which is an example of substances reacting chemically? [SEP] A. iron and oxygen forming rust [SEP] B. paper being cut into small pieces [SEP] C. chocolate melting in a pan [SEP] D. flour and sugar mixed together in a bowl

Answer: A


An object's hardness, taste, and texture are examples of [SEP] A. principles [SEP] B. stages [SEP] C. properties [SEP] D. processes

Answer: C


Some objects conduct electricity. Which object is the best conductor of electricity? [SEP] A. a metal fork [SEP] B. a wood spoon [SEP] C. a plastic comb [SEP] D. a rubber eraser

Answer: A


Which of the following eras is known as the "Age of Mammals"? [SEP] A. Precambrian [SEP] B. Paleozoic [SEP] C. Mesozoic [SEP] D. Cenozoic

Answer: D


In Alaska, there are fewer hours of daylight in the winter than in the summer. Which statement best explains why this difference occurs? [SEP] A. The Sun burns hotter in the summer. [SEP] B. The Sun moves below the horizon in the summer. [SEP] C. The Northern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun in the winter. [SEP] D. The Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun in the winter.

Answer: D


Most of Earth's major earthquakes are caused by [SEP] 1. seasonal heating and cooling of Earth's surface [SEP] 2. weathering of rock at Earth's surface [SEP] 3. Earth's gravitational attraction to the Moon [SEP] 4. faulting of rock in Earth's crust

Answer: 4


A girl with long hair is going to be participating in an experiment that uses an alcohol burner for an energy source. What is the best thing for her to do to prepare for this experiment? [SEP] A. leave her large jacket in her locker for the day [SEP] B. use goggles during the experiment [SEP] C. tie her hair back away from her face [SEP] D. wear a lab apron during the experiment

Answer: C


Which factor would have the greatest influence on the southern migration of animals living in the Northern Hemisphere? [SEP] A. strong storms [SEP] B. long periods of drought [SEP] C. cold air temperatures [SEP] D. increasing daylight hours

Answer: C


What carries oxygen throughout the body? [SEP] A. white blood cells [SEP] B. brain [SEP] C. red blood cells [SEP] D. nerves

Answer: C


Which is the best example of an inherited behavior? [SEP] A. a bear knowing the best place to catch salmon [SEP] B. a cat clawing on a tree to sharpen its claws [SEP] C. a dog coming when it hears a bell [SEP] D. a horse trotting its way back to the barn

Answer: B


What do all animals need in order to survive? [SEP] A. rocks, water, and soil [SEP] B. water, air, and food [SEP] C. air, rocks, and sunlight [SEP] D. food, soil, and sunlight

Answer: B


Estella spilled tomato sauce on her shirt. When she washed her shirt, she noticed that the detergent she used contained enzymes. Enzymes are added to detergents to break down proteins from food and other substances that may stain clothing. Which would most likely inhibit the ability of the enzymes to remove the stain on her shirt? [SEP] A. the amount of dissolved minerals in the water [SEP] B. the type of fibers from which her shirt was made [SEP] C. the temperature of the water [SEP] D. the fragrances in the detergent

Answer: C


Which of the following best describes an atom? [SEP] A. protons and electrons grouped together in a random pattern [SEP] B. protons and electrons grouped together in an alternating pattern [SEP] C. a core of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons [SEP] D. a core of electrons and neutrons surrounded by protons

Answer: C


At a weightlifting competition, two competitors lifted the same weight to the same height. The second competitor accomplished the lift 2 seconds faster than the first competitor. This demonstrated that the second competitor had more [SEP] A. energy than the first. [SEP] B. inertia than the first. [SEP] C. power than the first. [SEP] D. work than the first.

Answer: C


The fur color of a bear varies with its environment. Polar bears found in the Arctic have white fur, while black bears found in Pennsylvania have dark fur. Which best describes the variation of fur color amongst the bear species? [SEP] A. modified characteristic [SEP] B. ecological succession [SEP] C. structural adaptation [SEP] D. selective breeding

Answer: C


A car has a small gasoline engine combined with a battery-powered electric motor. When the car stops at a red light, the gasoline engine stops running and the electric motor begins working. How does this type of car most likely benefit people? [SEP] A. reduces traffic [SEP] B. uses less gasoline [SEP] C. accelerates faster [SEP] D. carries more passengers

Answer: B


Increased populations can lead to the depletion of locally available resources. Compared to other communities, which of these locally available resources is most likely to be depleted in desert communities? [SEP] A. mineral [SEP] B. oxygen [SEP] C. gasoline [SEP] D. water

Answer: D


Where is the first place a scientist should present new research data about the structure of a galaxy in order to receive the most appropriate review of the research? [SEP] A. a high school science classroom [SEP] B. a university science blog [SEP] C. a peer-reviewed science journal [SEP] D. a popular science news magazine

Answer: C


Which action most likely causes large rocks to become smaller pieces of rock? [SEP] A. melting inside of Earth [SEP] B. weathering by wind and water [SEP] C. cementing by mud and minerals [SEP] D. being pressed between layers of soil

Answer: B


European starlings are birds that take over the nests of other birds. When they move into an area, starlings reproduce quickly. Taking over the nests of other birds most likely increases the number of starlings by helping them to do what? [SEP] A. attract a better mate [SEP] B. compete for resources [SEP] C. migrate during the winter [SEP] D. blend in with the environment

Answer: B


Many bacteria are decomposer organisms. Which of the following statements best describes how these bacteria help make soil more fertile? [SEP] A. The bacteria break down water into food. [SEP] B. The bacteria change sunlight into minerals. [SEP] C. The bacteria combine with sand to form rocks. [SEP] D. The bacteria break down plant and animal matter.

Answer: D


In Rutherford's experiment, what caused some high-energy particles to bounce off the metal, while most pass straight through? [SEP] A. light waves [SEP] B. magnetic waves [SEP] C. positive charges [SEP] D. negative charges

Answer: C


Jenny's class made an instrument to measure air pressure. The instrument is a [SEP] A. thermometer. [SEP] B. rain gauge. [SEP] C. barometer. [SEP] D. wind vane.

Answer: C


Condensation in the water cycle can best be described as the result of water vapor [SEP] A. rising into the atmosphere, cooling and changing into a liquid form. [SEP] B. rising into the atmosphere, warming and changing into a gaseous form. [SEP] C. changing from a liquid form into a solid and forming snow. [SEP] D. changing from a gas form into a solid and forming hail.

Answer: A


New carpet is being measured for a room that is 5.5 m by 4.6 m. On a measuring tape, what is the smallest unit that is necessary to measure the room accurately for the carpet? [SEP] A. millimeters [SEP] B. centimeters [SEP] C. meters [SEP] D. kilometers

Answer: B


How does an ecosystem benefit when leaves fall from a tree and decompose on the soil? [SEP] A. Nutrients are released into the soil. [SEP] B. Soil erosion decreases. [SEP] C. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by the soil. [SEP] D. Soil temperature decreases.

Answer: A


Which of the following gases do plants use in photosynthesis? [SEP] A. hydrogen [SEP] B. oxygen [SEP] C. carbon dioxide [SEP] D. carbon monoxide

Answer: C


During an ice age, enormous ice sheets called glaciers increase in size on Earth's surface, resulting in decreased ocean depths. Due to global cooling, the water cycle is disrupted between which two stages to cause an increase in glacier size? [SEP] A. runoff and evaporation [SEP] B. transpiration and precipitation [SEP] C. precipitation and runoff [SEP] D. transpiration and evaporation

Answer: C


Different units of measurement are more useful in some settings than in others. Which unit of measurement is most used when comparing distances within the solar system? [SEP] A. the mile [SEP] B. the kilometer [SEP] C. the light year [SEP] D. the astronomical unit

Answer: D


The formation of diamonds requires tremendous pressure that is generated [SEP] A. in deep ocean trenches. [SEP] B. high in the mountains. [SEP] C. in dry environments. [SEP] D. deep below the crust.

Answer: D


What characteristic helps a rabbit survive in a winter environment? [SEP] A. size [SEP] B. strength [SEP] C. long ears [SEP] D. camouflage

Answer: D


A science class is taking a field trip to a forest to observe and study birds. Which tool would be most helpful for observing birds? [SEP] A. beakers [SEP] B. binoculars [SEP] C. safety goggles [SEP] D. microscopes

Answer: B


An example of an instinct is [SEP] A. laughing at something funny. [SEP] B. dogs doing tricks when told. [SEP] C. doing your homework at the same time each day. [SEP] D. salmon returning to their birthplace to lay their eggs.

Answer: D


During which change of state do the particles of a substance move from being tightly packed together to having more freedom of movement? [SEP] A. a solid becoming a liquid [SEP] B. a gas becoming a solid [SEP] C. a gas becoming a liquid [SEP] D. a liquid becoming a solid

Answer: A


When astronauts walked on the Moon, they used weighted boots to help them walk due to the lower gravitational pull. What difference between Earth and the Moon accounts for the difference in gravity? [SEP] A. density [SEP] B. diameter [SEP] C. mass [SEP] D. volume

Answer: C


A population of wood mice lives in a cool, moist temperate forest. Several years of hot, dry weather have affected the plants in the area. Which mice in the population are most likely to survive this change and pass their genes on to their offspring? [SEP] A. those with the warmest coats and best camouflage [SEP] B. the largest and strongest mice in the population [SEP] C. those with traits most adapted to the new environment [SEP] D. the youngest and fastest mice in the population

Answer: C


Harmful ultraviolet rays from the Sun are primarily absorbed by [SEP] A. dust. [SEP] B. ozone. [SEP] C. land masses. [SEP] D. water vapor.

Answer: B


Which of these is most likely caused by the action of water, wind, and animals? [SEP] A. mountains [SEP] B. erosion [SEP] C. earthquakes [SEP] D. volcanic eruptions

Answer: B


The core of Earth is divided into two layers. The outer core is made of [SEP] A. basaltic rocks. [SEP] B. silicate rocks. [SEP] C. solid iron and nickel. [SEP] D. molten iron and nickel.

Answer: D


Offshore oil platforms affect ocean habitats. An ocean environment is most likely damaged by an offshore oil platform because [SEP] A. leaking oil from the oil platform might pollute the water [SEP] B. fishing from the oil platform might reduce the fish population [SEP] C. drilling in the ocean floor might reduce the water temperature [SEP] D. changing the ocean floor might increase the number of hurricanes

Answer: A


An object such as a hammer weighs less on the Moon than on Earth. This is because the Moon has a [SEP] A. thinner atmosphere than Earth. [SEP] B. smaller diameter than Earth. [SEP] C. stronger magnetic field than Earth. [SEP] D. lower mass than Earth.

Answer: D


A scientist plans a project to determine the effect of rain on the formation of caves. An area of rock has been chosen as the site for the investigation. How often should the scientist measure the changes in the rock? [SEP] A. every day [SEP] B. every week [SEP] C. every month [SEP] D. every year

Answer: D


Which type of rock is formed from limestone that has been compacted, heated, and recrystallized? [SEP] A. siltstone [SEP] B. sandstone [SEP] C. marble [SEP] D. shale

Answer: C


Isabel goes jogging for two miles on a sunny afternoon. At the end of her run, she is warmer. As Isabel jogs, which function does the skin perform to help stabilize her body temperature? [SEP] A. Her skin exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide. [SEP] B. Her skin produces red blood cells. [SEP] C. Her skin releases hormones. [SEP] D. Her skin discharges water.

Answer: D


Which cell can survive without the help of other cells? [SEP] A. leaf cell [SEP] B. yeast cell [SEP] C. onion cell [SEP] D. muscle cell

Answer: B


Two students make hot chocolate. One student pours the hot chocolate into a foam cup. The other student pours the hot chocolate into a metal cup. The metal cup becomes too hot to touch, but the foam cup can be held comfortably. The best explanation for this difference in temperature is that the foam cup-- A heats up much faster than the metal cup [SEP] A. has a higher specific heat than the metal cup [SEP] B. is a better conductor of heat than the metal cup [SEP] C. has a specific heat that is similar to that of the metal cup

Answer: B


Frogs and salamanders compete with each other for insects. Both frogs and salamanders catch flying insects with their tongues. Which feature would most likely help both animals compete for flying insects? [SEP] A. sticky tongues [SEP] B. bright tongues [SEP] C. thick tongues [SEP] D. short tongues

Answer: A


Which interaction benefits both organisms? [SEP] A. a flea living on a dog [SEP] B. a bee pollinating a flower [SEP] C. a tapeworm living inside an animal [SEP] D. a mosquito biting a person

Answer: B


Which type of rock is formed when limestone is subjected to heat and pressure? [SEP] A. sandstone [SEP] B. basalt [SEP] C. marble [SEP] D. granite

Answer: C


Jenny measures the outside temperature as 16 degrees Celsius (°C), 61 degrees Fahrenheit (°F). She observes precipitation falling from the clouds in a solid form. What type of precipitation is Jenny most likely observing? [SEP] A. hail [SEP] B. rain [SEP] C. sleet [SEP] D. snow

Answer: A


A change in the environment that causes a response is known as a [SEP] 1. stimulus [SEP] 2. habit [SEP] 3. reflex [SEP] 4. source

Answer: 1


Aluminum is an element. Which of the following best describes the smallest particle of aluminum that retains all the properties of aluminum? [SEP] A. a molecule [SEP] B. an atom [SEP] C. a proton [SEP] D. an electron

Answer: B


What advantage do sea stars gain from having radial symmetry? [SEP] A. They reproduce at a faster rate. [SEP] B. They digest food more efficiently. [SEP] C. They move quickly along the ground. [SEP] D. They sense predators and potential food from all directions.

Answer: D


A student has a ball of clay that sinks when placed in a pan of water. Which property should he change to make the clay float? [SEP] A. color [SEP] B. texture [SEP] C. mass [SEP] D. shape

Answer: D


The population of which of the following 26 organisms would most likely decline if small animals like rats, rabbits, and snakes were eliminated from an ecosystem? [SEP] A. earthworms [SEP] B. grasses [SEP] C. hawks [SEP] D. mushrooms

Answer: C


During a lab investigation, students were asked to determine the best way to clean up an oil spill using different materials. Investigation Materials • filter paper • foam sponge • metal wire screen • thin sock filled with hair The students tested the materials by placing each material into separate buckets containing oil and water. They recorded their observations on which material absorbed the most oil. Why would the students' teacher ask them to repeat their tests? [SEP] A. to determine if water and oil can be separated [SEP] B. to learn more about how to protect wildlife during an oil spill [SEP] C. to improve the chances of obtaining accurate oil cleanup results [SEP] D. to increase the total amount of oil removed from each container

Answer: C


A delta can be seen from the air at the mouth of the Mississippi River. This delta was formed by [SEP] A. erosion. [SEP] B. weathering. [SEP] C. conservation of soil. [SEP] D. deposition of sediment.

Answer: D


The nose, mouth, and diaphragm are parts of which body system? [SEP] A. digestive [SEP] B. muscular [SEP] C. circulatory [SEP] D. respiratory

Answer: D


Students are studying some leaves. They group the leaves by shape. Which science process are the students using when they put the leaves in different groups? [SEP] A. classifying [SEP] B. predicting [SEP] C. measuring [SEP] D. experimenting

Answer: A


The thin, semi-permeable membrane that encloses a cell allows nutrients to enter and wastes to be [SEP] A. digested. [SEP] B. recycled. [SEP] C. protected. [SEP] D. excreted.

Answer: D


A small, fast-moving river in is in a V-shaped valley on the slope of a mountain. If you follow the river to where it passes through a plain, what will the river most likely look like compared with how it looked on the mountain? [SEP] A. Much the same [SEP] B. Deeper and faster [SEP] C. Slower and wider [SEP] D. Straighter

Answer: C


The atmosphere of Mars is almost entirely composed of a greenhouse gas. Compared with Earth, which factor accounts for the low, nighttime surface temperatures on Mars? [SEP] A. Mars is much farther from the Sun than Earth. [SEP] B. The atmosphere on Mars has an extremely low density. [SEP] C. The atmosphere on Mars lacks global circulation. [SEP] D. Mars has more glacial activity than Earth.

Answer: B


Asexually produced offspring are genetically [SEP] 1. identical to the parent [SEP] 2. different from the parent [SEP] 3. different from each other [SEP] 4. formed by two parents

Answer: 1


A teacher asks her students to examine titles of four scientific articles. Which titled article is specifically about a chemical change? [SEP] A. How Baking Soda Reacts With Vinegar [SEP] B. How Rust Can Be Scraped off of Metal [SEP] C. How Metals Respond to Electrical Currents [SEP] D. How Elements Can Change Phase When Heated

Answer: A


Nuclear fusion is the source of energy for stars. Besides hydrogen, which other element is most likely also common in stars? [SEP] A. helium [SEP] B. nitrogen [SEP] C. oxygen [SEP] D. uranium

Answer: A


Plants in a forest need to obtain nutrients from the soil to survive. How do most of the nutrients get back in the soil once the forest plants have used them for growth? [SEP] A. Organic matter recycles from dead organisms. [SEP] B. Commercial fertilizers are applied by humans. [SEP] C. Solar radiation reaches the ground surface. [SEP] D. Rainwater drips off of living organisms.

Answer: A


Conjugation in a paramecium differs from sexual reproduction in volvox because conjugation [SEP] A. results in two genetically identical cells. [SEP] B. requires specialized gonidia cells. [SEP] C. forms haploid male and female gametes. [SEP] D. takes place between specialized cells.

Answer: A


Which of the following helps to produce urine in humans and other mammals? [SEP] A. bladder [SEP] B. urethra [SEP] C. kidneys [SEP] D. ureter

Answer: C


A scientist looks at a graph that shows the percentages of humus, clay, and sand that make up a soil. If the scientist had the total weight of each material, instead of percentages, what type of graph would be best to illustrate the data? [SEP] A. bar graph [SEP] B. scatterplot [SEP] C. circle graph [SEP] D. pictograph

Answer: A


Which unit of measurement describes an object's length? [SEP] A. meter [SEP] B. kilogram [SEP] C. liter [SEP] D. degree

Answer: A


Which organ is part of the respiratory system? [SEP] A. stomach [SEP] B. lungs [SEP] C. spinal cord [SEP] D. large intestines

Answer: B


The iron in iron-rich red soils may not be in a form that can be taken up by tree roots. As a result, leaves and needles may look yellow. Some trees release acids that convert iron in soil to a usable form. This change in soil chemistry is a type of which process? [SEP] A. deposition [SEP] B. weathering [SEP] C. precipitation [SEP] D. photosynthesis

Answer: B


The action that results when waves made in a pond strike the edges and bounce back is known as [SEP] A. amplitude. [SEP] B. frequency. [SEP] C. vibration. [SEP] D. reflection.

Answer: D


Sleet and hail are forms of [SEP] A. clouds [SEP] B. energy [SEP] C. evaporation [SEP] D. precipitation

Answer: D


Astronomers have determined the surface temperature of stars by studying their colors. What color emission represents stars with the hottest temperatures? [SEP] A. blue [SEP] B. red [SEP] C. white [SEP] D. yellow

Answer: A


Because sulfur cannot be decomposed by simple chemical methods into two or more different substances, it is classified as [SEP] A. an element. [SEP] B. a compound. [SEP] C. a mixture. [SEP] D. a molecule.

Answer: A


The students watch ocean waves crash on a beach. Which statement describes what will most likely happen because of the waves? [SEP] A. Grass on the beach will grow longer. [SEP] B. Sand from the beach will wash away. [SEP] C. Salt from the ocean will be left on the beach. [SEP] D. Currents in the ocean will become stronger.

Answer: B


When plants and animals die, which organisms help return nutrients to the food chain? [SEP] A. decomposers [SEP] B. predators [SEP] C. prey [SEP] D. producers

Answer: A


Which object used in an experiment can safely be recycled? [SEP] A. an aluminum can [SEP] B. a wet paper towel [SEP] C. salt spilled onto a tabletop [SEP] D. a broken graduated cylinder

Answer: A


Evidence that living things have evolved over hundreds of millions of years can be found in [SEP] 1. particles in the air [SEP] 2. rocks containing fossils [SEP] 3. tree rings from recently logged trees [SEP] 4. chemicals in human hair

Answer: 2


What causes the blue color of the sky? [SEP] A. emission of light by land and water surfaces [SEP] B. reflection of light from land and water surfaces [SEP] C. absorption of light by matter in the atmosphere [SEP] D. scattering of light by matter in the atmosphere

Answer: D


As the population of small fish in a lake decreases, the population of large fish that depend on the small fish for food will [SEP] 1. reproduce faster [SEP] 2. begin to produce their own food [SEP] 3. decrease in number [SEP] 4. increase in number

Answer: 3


Living organisms require energy for biological processes. Chemical energy in a plant cell is [SEP] A. produced in vacuoles. [SEP] B. converted from solar energy. [SEP] C. developed by centrioles. [SEP] D. stored as kinetic energy.

Answer: B


Pollen is necessary for a flowering plant to [SEP] A. grow. [SEP] B. blossom. [SEP] C. germinate. [SEP] D. reproduce.

Answer: D


Which gas makes up the greatest percentage of Earth's atmosphere? [SEP] A. argon [SEP] B. nitrogen [SEP] C. nitrous oxide [SEP] D. carbon dioxide

Answer: B


Which is the best explanation of the term ecology? [SEP] A. the study of the nonliving parts of the environment [SEP] B. the study of the living parts of the environment [SEP] C. the study of the protection and renewal of natural resources [SEP] D. the study of organisms and their interactions with the environment

Answer: D


A student leaves a rock in the Sun on a bright afternoon. An hour after sunset, the weather is cool, but the rock still feels warm. The student has demonstrated a property of the rock resulting directly from which of the rock's other properties? [SEP] A. its reactivity [SEP] B. its magnetism [SEP] C. its specific heat [SEP] D. its chemical energy

Answer: C


Which characteristic is not an inherited trait? [SEP] A. size [SEP] B. eye color [SEP] C. skin color [SEP] D. personality

Answer: D


Eating leafy vegetables is important for human health. This is because leafy vegetables are a good source of which of the following? [SEP] A. protein [SEP] B. carbohydrates [SEP] C. minerals [SEP] D. fat

Answer: C


What is necessary to use on a telescope in order to photograph solar flares and solar prominences? [SEP] A. a light filter [SEP] B. a chronograph [SEP] C. an electric drive [SEP] D. a series of mirrors

Answer: A


Near Earth's equator, water generally exists naturally in the liquid and gas states. In which other part of Earth is water usually found naturally in only two states? [SEP] A. Indian Ocean [SEP] B. interior of Africa [SEP] C. South Pole [SEP] D. Tropic of Cancer

Answer: C


A cat jumps when startled by a loud noise. This is an example of an organism [SEP] 1. sensing and responding to its external environment [SEP] 2. sensing and responding to its internal environment [SEP] 3. changing and controlling its external environment [SEP] 4. changing and controlling its internal environment

Answer: 1


Which of the following materials would best slow the transfer of heat? [SEP] A. aluminum [SEP] B. copper [SEP] C. glass [SEP] D. wood

Answer: D


What can cause a moving object to increase its speed in a forward direction? [SEP] A. a force pushing on the object from the opposite direction [SEP] B. a force that continually acts on the object in the direction the object is moving [SEP] C. an increase in the mass of the object [SEP] D. a decrease in the mass of the object

Answer: B


In which oceanic zone do clams and crabs survive by burrowing in the sand? [SEP] A. oceanic [SEP] B. intertidal [SEP] C. deep ocean [SEP] D. open ocean

Answer: B


A manufacturing industry has asked to relocate its plant to your town. From an environmental perspective, which question is least important to ask before deciding whether the industry may move to your town? [SEP] A. How will the plant affect wildlife of the area? [SEP] B. What kinds of pollution will the plant produce? [SEP] C. What impact will the plant have on the population of the town? [SEP] D. What are the uses of the products that the plant will manufacture?

Answer: D


Some meteorologists use visual aids such as diagrams, maps, and charts when they present the weather to television viewers. How do different types of visual aids help the viewers understand complex weather phenomena? [SEP] A. by combining knowledge from past reports with new information [SEP] B. by providing information collected by other meteorologists [SEP] C. by checking the accuracy of each part of the weather report [SEP] D. by showing many components that impact the weather

Answer: D


Which renewable energy resource possesses the greatest potential for providing renewable energy to meet the future needs of the southern United States? [SEP] A. tidal [SEP] B. water [SEP] C. solar [SEP] D. coal

Answer: C


A student performs an experiment and the results are shown below: Before- Iron filings are brown, small, and magnetic: Copper sulfate crystals are blue, brittle, and not magnetic. After- The copper formed was reddish, solid, and not magnetic: Iron sulfide solution was colorless and not magnetic. Which statement supports that a chemical reaction took place? [SEP] A. Changes in color occurred. [SEP] B. A new substance was formed. [SEP] C. A physical change in the iron occurred. [SEP] D. The original substances were present after.

Answer: B


In order for rocks to be classified as igneous, the rocks must [SEP] A. solidify at the surface of Earth. [SEP] B. be eroded and deposited in layers. [SEP] C. be formed from magma. [SEP] D. change form when pressure is applied.

Answer: C


Which of these is most likely the cause of a father and son having almost identical-sounding voices? [SEP] A. learned behaviors [SEP] B. environmental conditions [SEP] C. inherited characteristics [SEP] D. instinctive characteristics

Answer: C


Frog eggs hatch into tadpoles, and then tadpoles gradually develop into frogs. This process is known as [SEP] A. adolescence. [SEP] B. crossbreeding. [SEP] C. regeneration. [SEP] D. metamorphosis.

Answer: D


Many people like to use microwave ovens rather than traditional ovens. The main reason for this is that microwave ovens [SEP] A. take less time to cook food than regular ovens do. [SEP] B. get hotter than regular ovens. [SEP] C. do not leave spattered grease or food on the inside. [SEP] D. cannot overcook food.

Answer: A


When trees are removed from an area in a tropical rainforest, the area experiences an increase in soil erosion. Which statement best explains why removing the trees can lead to soil erosion? [SEP] A. Less bedrock will be available to make soil. [SEP] B. There will be fewer roots to hold the soil in place. [SEP] C. The number of soil-eating insects in the area will increase. [SEP] D. The amount of solar radiation reaching the ground will increase.

Answer: B


What information is needed to calculate the speed of a car? [SEP] A. the road conditions and type of tires [SEP] B. the type of engine and the amount of gas used by the engine [SEP] C. the car length and distance traveled [SEP] D. the distance travel

Answer: D


Freda always hangs her wet swimsuit outdoors after getting out of the swimming pool. Which of the following is least likely to affect the rate at which Freda's swimsuit dries? [SEP] A. the heat of the Sun [SEP] B. the speed of the wind [SEP] C. the temperature of the water in the pool [SEP] D. the amount of water vapor in the air

Answer: C


Maria collected the gas given off by a glowing piece of charcoal. The gas was then bubbled through a small amount of colorless limewater. Part of Maria's report stated, "After the gas was put into the jar, the limewater gradually changed to a milky white color." This statement is [SEP] A. an observation [SEP] B. a conclusion [SEP] C. a generalization [SEP] D. an assumption of the investigation [SEP] E. a hypothesis

Answer: A


Some butterflies live an average of two weeks. This period of time is called a life [SEP] A. process [SEP] B. span [SEP] C. change [SEP] D. cycle

Answer: B


Which two body systems work together to transport oxygen to the cells? [SEP] A. skeletal and respiratory [SEP] B. digestive and respiratory [SEP] C. respiratory and circulatory [SEP] D. respiratory and reproductive

Answer: C


Some localized layers of rock contain the element iridium. Iridium is most often found in space objects such as meteoroids and asteroids. The discovery of these iridium-containing layers has been matched to which phenomena in Earth's history? [SEP] A. tectonic plate separations [SEP] B. mass species extinctions [SEP] C. orbital path changes [SEP] D. magnetic pole reversals

Answer: B


Which of these converts electrical energy to light energy? [SEP] A. a star [SEP] B. a flashlight [SEP] C. a campfire [SEP] D. a tea kettle

Answer: B


Darwin's theory that animal species can change over time was inspired by his research on which set of islands? [SEP] A. the Philippine Islands [SEP] B. the Virgin Islands [SEP] C. the Hawaiian Islands [SEP] D. the Galapagos Islands

Answer: D


An athlete is running a race. The athlete's body needs energy. Which organelle(s) in the athlete's cells supply the energy for cellular functions? [SEP] A. Golgi apparatus [SEP] B. mitochondrion [SEP] C. ribosome [SEP] D. nucleus

Answer: B


Which of these would best help a scientist discover a new planet? [SEP] A. making a model of outer space [SEP] B. asking questions to other scientists [SEP] C. collecting information about planets [SEP] D. looking at the night sky with a telescope

Answer: D


Which of these lists has only products that come from plants? [SEP] A. Paper, spices, and fibers [SEP] B. Wool, lumber, and butter [SEP] C. Medicines, leather, and milk [SEP] D. Cotton, rubber, and eggs

Answer: A


Why is some food dehydrated for astronauts to eat in space? [SEP] A. to make the food less messy to eat [SEP] B. to preserve the food for extended flights [SEP] C. to increase the food's nutritional content [SEP] D. to keep the food from floating off the plate

Answer: B


Perfume sprayed from a bottle spreads more easily in a warm room of 25°C than in a cool room of 15°C. Which of the following correctly compares perfume molecules at 25°C to those at 15°C? [SEP] A. At 25°C, they have more mass. [SEP] B. At 25°C, they are moving faster. [SEP] C. At 25°C, they have less kinetic energy. [SEP] D. At 25°C, they are decreasing in volume.

Answer: B


Which of the following is believed to be one cause of global warming? [SEP] A. atmospheric rise of carbon dioxide [SEP] B. hot air from air conditioner exhaust [SEP] C. methane gas escaping from landfills [SEP] D. body heat generated by overpopulation

Answer: A


What product was being formed as plants died and sank to the bottom of swamps? [SEP] A. oil [SEP] B. gas [SEP] C. coal [SEP] D. shale

Answer: C


What is the approximate length of time it takes the Moon to complete one lunar cycle? [SEP] A. 14 days [SEP] B. 29 days [SEP] C. 180 days [SEP] D. 365 days

Answer: B


A line graph is best used when the measured variable is [SEP] A. changing at a constant rate. [SEP] B. nearly equal in several trials. [SEP] C. being compared to a control. [SEP] D. observed at one point in time.

Answer: A


All living things need energy to survive. What is the primary source of energy for all living things? [SEP] A. plants [SEP] B. the sun [SEP] C. water [SEP] D. the wind

Answer: B


If a chemical reaction such as photosynthesis begins with 6 atoms of carbon [C], how many atoms of carbon [C] should be in the products? [SEP] A. 12 atoms of carbon [C] [SEP] B. 6 atoms of carbon [C] [SEP] C. 3 atoms of carbon [C] [SEP] D. 2 atoms of carbon [C]

Answer: B


Which object refracts light? [SEP] A. mirror [SEP] B. silver spoon [SEP] C. foil [SEP] D. glass prism

Answer: D


A gastroenterologist is a doctor who treats problems of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Which organ system is cared for by this type of doctor? [SEP] A. circulatory system [SEP] B. muscular system [SEP] C. digestive system [SEP] D. nervous system

Answer: C


Which event becomes more likely during a drought in a prairie ecosystem? [SEP] A. fire [SEP] B. tornado [SEP] C. landslide [SEP] D. earthquake

Answer: A


When scientists publish papers describing the results and conclusions of their experiments, members of the scientific community should [SEP] A. collect their own data and rewrite the paper. [SEP] B. evaluate the evidence in the paper. [SEP] C. accept the paper as fact. [SEP] D. ask the writer to write an alternate paper.

Answer: B


Kim lost her hammer outside. When she found it a few months later, some parts of the metal were covered with flaky, brown rust. Which type of change occurred when rust formed on the hammer? [SEP] A. chemical [SEP] B. electrical [SEP] C. thermal [SEP] D. physical

Answer: A


Which human activity has most negatively affected air quality? [SEP] A. burning coal [SEP] B. growing crops [SEP] C. using solar energy cells [SEP] D. constructing nuclear power plants

Answer: A


Most of the bacteria in a forest ecosystem are best classified as which of the following types of organisms? [SEP] A. consumers [SEP] B. decomposers [SEP] C. predators [SEP] D. producers

Answer: B


A pencil falls off of a desk. What moves the pencil toward the floor? [SEP] A. mass [SEP] B. friction [SEP] C. gravity [SEP] D. speed

Answer: C


All of the processes listed below cause changes in Earth's surface. Which of the following is the slowest to change Earth's surface? [SEP] A. earthquake activity [SEP] B. landslide [SEP] C. volcanic eruption [SEP] D. weathering

Answer: D


A group of students was preparing an activity to determine whether certain materials will float or sink when placed on water. Before the experiment started, one student said, "I think the sponge will float." This statement was [SEP] A. a conclusion [SEP] B. a fact [SEP] C. an observation [SEP] D. a prediction

Answer: D


What tool is used to determine the mass of an object? [SEP] A. Balance [SEP] B. Meter stick [SEP] C. Thermometer [SEP] D. Graduated cylinder

Answer: A


According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, mercury (Hg) is different from other metals because mercury is [SEP] A. solid at room temperature. [SEP] B. liquid at room temperature. [SEP] C. lighter than all other metals. [SEP] D. heavier than all other metals.

Answer: B


When using more than the recommended amounts of pesticide on farmland, yards, and gardens, what is most likely to occur? [SEP] A. Higher levels of pesticide may be less effective. [SEP] B. The pesticides may break down quickly. [SEP] C. Water supplies can be contaminated by pesticide runoff. [SEP] D. The pesticide will increase the plant production.

Answer: C


According to the fossil record, when did episodes of rapid speciation commonly take place? [SEP] A. while Earth's continents were joined [SEP] B. while Earth's habitats were stable [SEP] C. before major climatic changes [SEP] D. following mass extinctions

Answer: D


A deer inherits some of its features from its parents. Other features come from its environment. Which feature would a deer most likely inherit from its parents? [SEP] A. a long scar [SEP] B. brown eyes [SEP] C. missing teeth [SEP] D. a broken antler

Answer: B


What is the smallest structural and functional unit of the nervous system? [SEP] A. brain [SEP] B. organ [SEP] C. neuron [SEP] D. spinal cord

Answer: C


Male peacocks have large brightly colored tail feathers. What is the most likely reason for this? [SEP] A. to attract potential mates [SEP] B. to distract potential predators [SEP] C. to help catch food [SEP] D. to preserve warmth

Answer: A


In a city, the daily high and low 16 temperatures for a month are best represented by which of the following? [SEP] A. flow chart [SEP] B. line graph [SEP] C. pictograph [SEP] D. pie chart

Answer: B


Drew was measuring the growth of a vine that can grow almost 31 cm a day. Which would be the best way to record his data of the growth over a period of a day? [SEP] A. a bar graph [SEP] B. a line graph [SEP] C. a pie graph [SEP] D. a picture graph

Answer: B


All of the following are functions of a cell membrane except [SEP] A. surrounding and protecting the contents of the cell. [SEP] B. releasing waste products from the cell. [SEP] C. producing energy for cell processes. [SEP] D. allowing gases to enter the cell.

Answer: C


Which characteristic will a baby chimpanzee inherit from its parents? [SEP] A. fur color [SEP] B. hunting skills [SEP] C. feeding behavior [SEP] D. sleeping routine

Answer: A


Which object is the best conductor of electricity? [SEP] A. a wax crayon [SEP] B. a plastic spoon [SEP] C. a rubber eraser [SEP] D. an iron nail

Answer: D


Why are some rocks smoother and rounder than others? [SEP] A. They have the shapes of the minerals from which they are made. [SEP] B. They were smoothed by the action of wind and water. [SEP] C. They were squeezed up through the soil. [SEP] D. They hardened in rounded pockets of soil.

Answer: B


A vaccine can prevent a serious disease. When a new vaccine is developed, it is given to a small group of people. Why would it be important to test each vaccine on a small group of people before everyone can have one? [SEP] A. to figure out how much the vaccine is worth [SEP] B. to determine how the vaccine will affect people [SEP] C. to understand how that disease affects the human body [SEP] D. to find out how many people are affected by the disease

Answer: B


When can producers make the most food? [SEP] A. summer, because there is more sunlight [SEP] B. summer, because there is more heat [SEP] C. spring, because there is more rain [SEP] D. spring, because there are more leaves

Answer: A


Plants have special tissues that transport food, water, and minerals throughout the plant. What are these tissues similar to in animals? [SEP] A. stomach and intestines [SEP] B. spinal cord and brain [SEP] C. arteries and veins [SEP] D. kidneys and liver

Answer: C


Which of the following statements best explains how the decomposition of plant and animal matter helps to form rich soils? [SEP] A. Decomposition adds silt to soil. [SEP] B. Decomposition adds water to soil. [SEP] C. Decomposition adds oxygen to soil. [SEP] D. Decomposition adds nutrients to soil.

Answer: D


Beans and coal both have stored energy. Where did the energy come from that is stored in beans and coal? [SEP] A. From the Earth's gravity [SEP] B. From the Sun's light [SEP] C. From the heat in the Earth's core [SEP] D. From the air's carbon dioxide

Answer: B


A metal ball has a constant velocity of zero. Which other quantity must also be zero? [SEP] A. weight of the ball [SEP] B. energy of the ball [SEP] C. acceleration of the ball [SEP] D. inertia of the ball

Answer: C


What geographic obstacle causes water to condense in an air mass as the air mass moves? [SEP] A. forests [SEP] B. oceans [SEP] C. prairies [SEP] D. mountains

Answer: D


If an object is attracted to a magnet, the object is most likely made of [SEP] A. wood [SEP] B. plastic [SEP] C. cardboard [SEP] D. metal

Answer: D


Which explains the pattern of day and night? [SEP] A. Earth orbits the sun. [SEP] B. Earth spins on its axis. [SEP] C. The sun only transmits light energy during the daytime. [SEP] D. The sun only transmits light energy above the equator.

Answer: B


Which is the best plan to make the fossil fuel supply last longer? [SEP] A. mine more coal [SEP] B. reduce car pollution [SEP] C. produce more gasoline [SEP] D. reduce electricity use

Answer: D


The stages of evolution of a star are determined by the mass of the star at the beginning of its life cycle. Which stage of evolution is the oldest form of a massive star? [SEP] A. red giant [SEP] B. supernova [SEP] C. neutron star [SEP] D. white dwarf

Answer: C


Which of these best indicates that sediments can be changed into rock? [SEP] A. layers of sandstone [SEP] B. igneous intrusions [SEP] C. lava beds [SEP] D. mountains with gneiss

Answer: A


Carbon cycles through several Earth subsystems. Which sequence most directly leads to the cycling of carbon that can result in the formation of petroleum? [SEP] A. biosphere to lithosphere [SEP] B. atmosphere to lithosphere [SEP] C. hydrosphere to atmosphere [SEP] D. biosphere to atmosphere

Answer: A


Which word best describes the speed of a cart that has a positive velocity and a negative acceleration? [SEP] A. slow [SEP] B. fast [SEP] C. decreasing [SEP] D. increasing

Answer: C


A hurricane is a heat engine which converts one kind of energy into another. Hurricanes convert most of the heat energy into [SEP] A. chemical energy. [SEP] B. electrical energy. [SEP] C. mechanical energy. [SEP] D. potential energy.

Answer: C


Which of the following is a crucial piece of evidence supporting scientists' theory of how the continents and the ocean basins formed? [SEP] A. Gravitational forces result in the fusion of small atoms. [SEP] B. A differentiated iron core expresses magnetic properties. [SEP] C. Currents redistribute heat in an unevenly heated liquid. [SEP] D. A stream of charged ions disperses lightweight gases.

Answer: C


What motion causes day and night? [SEP] A. revolution of Earth [SEP] B. revolution of the Moon [SEP] C. rotation of Earth [SEP] D. rotation of the Moon

Answer: C


The axis of Earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5° from the vertical position. Which of the following is the main result of this tilt? [SEP] A. tides [SEP] B. eclipses [SEP] C. length of year [SEP] D. change of seasons

Answer: D


In an earthquake, the primary waves move through [SEP] A. air [SEP] B. water [SEP] C. soil [SEP] D. rock

Answer: D


Which of the following is the major cause of tides? [SEP] A. heating of the oceans by the Sun [SEP] B. gravitational pull of the Moon [SEP] C. earthquakes on the ocean floor [SEP] D. changes in wind direction

Answer: B


A dog opens its mouth and lets its tongue hang out. A human's body produces sweat. These are two ways that organisms may adjust to [SEP] A. cold temperatures [SEP] B. hot temperatures [SEP] C. a shortage of food [SEP] D. a shortage of drinking water

Answer: B


Fires in forests from lightning rid the forest of dead branches and leaves. If the trees survive and the soil remains intact, the forest will experience regrowth to its climax state by which process? [SEP] A. tropism [SEP] B. succession [SEP] C. gradualism [SEP] D. eutrophication

Answer: B


A class planted trees and shrubs in an empty dirt lot beside the school. The roots of the plants can help protect the soil. The soil is most likely being protected from what? [SEP] A. a drought [SEP] B. wind erosion [SEP] C. an earthquake [SEP] D. water pollution

Answer: B


In the process of photosynthesis, sunlight is converted into [SEP] A. chemical energy. [SEP] B. nuclear energy. [SEP] C. mechanical energy. [SEP] D. kinetic energy.

Answer: A


Vascular plants have tissue called xylem. Which of these is transported by the xylem? [SEP] A. food made by the plant [SEP] B. water needed by the plant [SEP] C. pollen for plant reproduction [SEP] D. carbon dioxide for photosynthesis

Answer: B


If Lisa wants to experiment with bean plants, which of these is the best example of a hypothesis? [SEP] A. Bean plants come in many types. [SEP] B. Fertilizer is good for bean plants. [SEP] C. All bean plants are related to each other. [SEP] D. Fertilizer will make bean plants grow taller.

Answer: D


A jeweler melts gold to make jewelry. As the gold melts, the mass [SEP] A. increases. [SEP] B. decreases. [SEP] C. is destroyed. [SEP] D. stays the same.

Answer: D


Which of the following tools is most useful for tightening a small mechanical fastener? [SEP] A. chisel [SEP] B. pliers [SEP] C. sander [SEP] D. saw

Answer: B


Oil, coal, and natural gas are fossil fuels formed under what conditions? [SEP] A. low temperature and high pressure [SEP] B. high temperature and high pressure [SEP] C. low temperature and low pressure [SEP] D. high temperature and low pressure

Answer: B


Some birds build nests in the spring. This nest building is a seasonal adaptation that occurs to help the birds [SEP] A. fly south [SEP] B. find food [SEP] C. protect their young [SEP] D. survive the winter

Answer: C


Which tool is used to measure the volume of a liquid? [SEP] A. balance [SEP] B. ruler [SEP] C. thermometer [SEP] D. graduated cylinder

Answer: D


The functions of a plant's roots are to support the plant and [SEP] A. make food [SEP] B. produce fruit [SEP] C. take in water and nutrients [SEP] D. aid in germination

Answer: C


All of the inherited traits that are passed to offspring during asexual reproduction come from a single [SEP] A. egg. [SEP] B. sperm. [SEP] C. virus. [SEP] D. parent.

Answer: D


What energy transformation occurs when an electric lamp is turned on? [SEP] A. electrical energy to light and heat energy [SEP] B. light energy to electrical and mechanical energy [SEP] C. heat energy to electrical and light energy [SEP] D. electrical energy to mechanical and heat energy

Answer: A


Which phase change in the atmosphere forms clouds? [SEP] A. evaporation [SEP] B. freezing [SEP] C. condensation [SEP] D. melting

Answer: C


Where are the most reactive nonmetals located on the periodic table? [SEP] A. the uppermost complete row of the table [SEP] B. the rows at the bottom of the table connecting two sections [SEP] C. the column at the far left side of the table [SEP] D. the second column from the right side of the table

Answer: D


Who was a leading authority on continental drift in the early 1900s? [SEP] A. Alfred Wegener [SEP] B. Albert Einstein [SEP] C. Charles Richter [SEP] D. Charles Darwin

Answer: A


In addition to oxygen, which gases make up the largest percentage of Earth's atmosphere? [SEP] 1. hydrogen, helium, and water vapor [SEP] 2. hydrogen, methane, and ozone [SEP] 3. carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen [SEP] 4. carbon dioxide, methane, and helium

Answer: 3


For many years, people have been curious about the stars. In the past, people have shared what they knew about the stars through stories and drawings. Which pair of tools would be most helpful for people today to gather and share information about stars? [SEP] A. a notebook and a calculator [SEP] B. a telescope and a computer [SEP] C. a calculator and a microscope [SEP] D. a microscope and a telescope

Answer: B


During a presentation on astronomy, Professor Williams discussed various measurements in space. Which objects was she referring to when she talked about how astronomical units (AU) were determined? [SEP] A. the Sun and Earth [SEP] B. the Moon and Earth [SEP] C. the inner and outer planets [SEP] D. the Sun and the closest star

Answer: A


As more people have moved to the beach, the sea turtle population has decreased. Which is most likely the cause of this decrease? [SEP] A. tropical storms [SEP] B. increase in predators [SEP] C. habitat loss [SEP] D. warmer temperatures

Answer: C


The skin of a chameleon can change colors to help it blend with its surroundings. How would this adaptation most likely help a chameleon survive? [SEP] A. by scaring predators away from the chameleon [SEP] B. by attracting prey animals to the chameleon [SEP] C. by sending a signal to other chameleons [SEP] D. by helping the chameleon hide from its predators

Answer: D


A student examines a new watch design. The watch has a small solar cell on its face. The main function of the solar cell is to [SEP] A. reduce the cost of the watch. [SEP] B. provide an energy source for the watch. [SEP] C. make the watch more attractive. [SEP] D. stop the watch from speeding up.

Answer: B


The presence of which of the following geological features provides the best evidence that glaciers once covered an area? [SEP] A. wide riverbeds [SEP] B. U-shaped valleys [SEP] C. underground caves [SEP] D. groundwater springs

Answer: B


Which of these is a way the people of Virginia can help restore a natural ecosystem? [SEP] A. Burn their trash [SEP] B. Plant native plants [SEP] C. Feed leftover meals to deer [SEP] D. Drain automobile oil into the grass

Answer: B


A student wants to figure out how many calories are needed to perform various activities. A list of some everyday activities is made, and the number of calories burned during each activity is recorded. Which method is the best way for the student to display and evaluate the information? [SEP] A. write a paragraph [SEP] B. make a line graph [SEP] C. develop a formula [SEP] D. create a table

Answer: D


Sedimentary deposits formed from organic material tend to include a high amount of [SEP] A. iron. [SEP] B. nickel. [SEP] C. carbon. [SEP] D. silicon.

Answer: C


According to the Big Bang Theory, which element most likely formed first? [SEP] A. carbon dioxide [SEP] B. hydrogen [SEP] C. oxygen [SEP] D. nitrogen

Answer: B


Tim and Carla play catch with a ball. Which term describes the motion of a ball? [SEP] A. shape [SEP] B. size [SEP] C. speed [SEP] D. weight

Answer: C


Which set of equipment would be best to use when investigating what is found in a sample of pond water? [SEP] A. net, gloves, specimen bags [SEP] B. beaker, calculator, graph paper [SEP] C. microscope, eye dropper, slides [SEP] D. measuring tape, thermometer, clipboard

Answer: C


The Theory of Plate Tectonics revolutionized scientific thought because it [SEP] A. explained the movement of oceanic and continental crusts. [SEP] B. demonstrated how tidal forces affect coastlines. [SEP] C. mapped the pattern and frequency of earthquakes. [SEP] D. explained the mineral differences between continents.

Answer: A


How does repeating an experiment improve the likelihood of obtaining accurate results? [SEP] A. Data can be compared. [SEP] B. Time can be decreased. [SEP] C. Equipment can be added. [SEP] D. Procedures can be changed.

Answer: A


One hundred grams of water and 100 grams of vegetable oil are heated in identical containers at 70°C for 5 minutes. Their temperatures at the end of 5 minutes are different due to the difference in which property? [SEP] A. volume [SEP] B. specific heat [SEP] C. conductivity [SEP] D. chemical energy

Answer: B


There are MORE hours of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere during which season? [SEP] A. spring [SEP] B. summer [SEP] C. fall [SEP] D. winter

Answer: B


Which force produces energy as heat? [SEP] A. pull [SEP] B. gravity [SEP] C. friction [SEP] D. magnetic

Answer: C


Biologists have discovered that the beluga whales of Canada's St. Lawrence River have the highest rates of cancer among animals. What is most likely the reason for this high incidence of cancer in these whales? [SEP] A. chemical and pollutant runoff into the ocean [SEP] B. average temperatures increased in the region [SEP] C. depletion of natural prey from the ecosystem [SEP] D. increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Answer: A


Reading from left to right, elements in the same period on the Periodic Table of the Elements [SEP] A. have the same reactivity. [SEP] B. decrease in atomic mass. [SEP] C. increase in atomic number. [SEP] D. have the same number of electrons.

Answer: C


A device that converts light energy into electricity used in many handheld calculators is a [SEP] A. battery. [SEP] B. photocell. [SEP] C. photo generator. [SEP] D. photovoltaic cell.

Answer: D


Which most accurately describes a circle (pie) graph? [SEP] A. used to demonstrate change in temperature only [SEP] B. used to demonstrate change that is continuous [SEP] C. used to demonstrate change that is not continuous [SEP] D. used to describe how part of the data relates to all of the data

Answer: D


Which organisms benefit in the relationship between bees and flowering plants? [SEP] A. only the bees [SEP] B. only the flowering plants [SEP] C. both the bees and the flowering plants [SEP] D. neither the bees nor the flowering plants

Answer: C


The orbit of Earth is almost circular and has a period of about 365 days. Compared to the orbit of Earth, which of these objects usually have highly elliptical orbits and can have periods of over 1000 years? [SEP] A. asteroids [SEP] B. meteorites [SEP] C. comets [SEP] D. moons

Answer: C


How is the theory of plate tectonics different from a hypothesis regarding a certain aspect of plate movement? [SEP] A. The theory addresses an Earth-science topic. [SEP] B. The theory may change if new evidence emerges. [SEP] C. The theory explains a number of related observations. [SEP] D. The theory can be evaluated by a single-variable experiment.

Answer: C


A large quantity of heavy rain falling in a short time period will most likely [SEP] A. reduce the amount of nutrients in the soil. [SEP] B. increase the number of minerals in the soil. [SEP] C. reduce oxygen levels in the soil. [SEP] D. increase the temperature of the soil.

Answer: A


An artificial pacemaker is a device that regulates the beat of the heart by an electrical stimulus. Some early pacemakers were powered by batteries and were worn externally with wires passing through the skin to the surface of the heart. Modern pacemakers are now much smaller and are implanted surgically. Which most likely has increased the lifespan and effectiveness of artificial pacemakers? [SEP] A. the development of thinner wires [SEP] B. the invention of lithium batteries [SEP] C. mass production of pacemaker parts [SEP] D. reducing the cost of producing pacemakers

Answer: B


A balloon filled with helium gas is set free and starts to move upward. Which of the following best explains why the helium balloon moves upward? [SEP] A. The density of helium is less than the density of air. [SEP] B. The air resistance lifts the balloon up. [SEP] C. There is no gravity acting on the helium balloons. [SEP] D. The wind blows the balloon upward.

Answer: A


Oscar and Andre used a microscope to observe a sample of pond water and drew an example of each type of organism they saw. Then they compared their drawings. They discovered that their drawings of a euglena and a paramecium were alike, but their amoeba drawings had very different shapes. What are two things that Oscar's amoeba could have been doing that made his drawing look different from Andre's? [SEP] A. eating and moving [SEP] B. moving and digesting [SEP] C. digesting and excreting [SEP] D. excreting and eating

Answer: A


The reading on a barometer rises when the air [SEP] A. pressure increases. [SEP] B. pressure decreases. [SEP] C. speed increases. [SEP] D. speed decreases.

Answer: A


Which of the following processes is responsible for changing liquid water into water vapor? [SEP] A. photosynthesis [SEP] B. condensation [SEP] C. evaporation [SEP] D. precipitation

Answer: C


In an atom, protons plus neutrons make up the atom's [SEP] A. electric charge. [SEP] B. atomic mass. [SEP] C. atomic number. [SEP] D. electron number.

Answer: B


A generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy by using a conducting metal loop turning in a [SEP] A. magnetic field. [SEP] B. gravitational field. [SEP] C. steel sphere. [SEP] D. copper sphere.

Answer: A


Deer live in forest for shelter. If the forest was cut down, which situation would most likely happen? [SEP] A. The deer would find shelter in a different habitat. [SEP] B. The deer would wait for the forest to grow back. [SEP] C. The deer would move to another forest area. [SEP] D. The deer would change the type of foods they eat.

Answer: C


Which physical property is important to have in a material used in cookware? [SEP] A. poor conductor of heat [SEP] B. good conductor of heat [SEP] C. low flexibility [SEP] D. high flexibility

Answer: B


Which sentence describes a characteristic of offspring produced by sexual reproduction? [SEP] A. The offspring have half the amount of genetic material as the parents. [SEP] B. The offspring contain genetic material from both parents. [SEP] C. The female offspring contain only genes from the mother. [SEP] D. The male offspring contain only genes from the father.

Answer: B


What is involved in creating genetically modified bacteria? [SEP] A. allowing them to reproduce freely [SEP] B. changing their food source [SEP] C. using biotechnology techniques [SEP] D. growing them on selected plants

Answer: C


Which of the following structures does a frog develop as it changes from a tadpole to an adult frog? [SEP] A. eyes [SEP] B. heart [SEP] C. lungs [SEP] D. tail

Answer: C


One cause of heat in a car engine is caused by friction between parts. Which of these reduces the amount of heat produced by friction? [SEP] A. fan [SEP] B. oil [SEP] C. gasoline [SEP] D. battery

Answer: B


The primary functions of the digestive system are to break down food, absorb nutrients and excrete wastes. Once food is absorbed, what system is responsible for carrying the nutrients to the body cells? [SEP] A. respiratory system [SEP] B. circulatory system [SEP] C. nervous system [SEP] D. skeletal system

Answer: B


If you breathe on a mirror, part of the mirror clouds up. What are you actually seeing when you see the mirror cloud up? [SEP] A. Water droplets that formed from cooled water vapor in your breath [SEP] B. Carbon dioxide that you are breathing out from your lungs [SEP] C. Oxygen that you are breathing out from your lungs [SEP] D. Cooled nitrogen in the air around you

Answer: A


The surface of the Moon is made up of [SEP] A. craters, highlands, and flat areas [SEP] B. swirling gases [SEP] C. large bodies of water [SEP] D. a mixture of gases and water

Answer: A


Which sequence correctly shows the levels of increasing organization in the human body? [SEP] 1. tissues -> cells -> organ systems -> organs [SEP] 2. cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems [SEP] 3. organs -> organ systems -> cells -> tissues [SEP] 4. organ systems -> organs -> tissues -> cells

Answer: 2


Which layer of the atmosphere contains the greatest amount of water vapor? [SEP] A. thermosphere [SEP] B. mesosphere [SEP] C. stratosphere [SEP] D. troposphere

Answer: D


What should a scientist do to help make sure the results of an experiment are unbiased? [SEP] A. Keep the results a secret. [SEP] B. Do the math without a calculator. [SEP] C. Change all of the variables in the experiment. [SEP] D. Ask other scientists to attempt to reproduce the results.

Answer: D


Which property of water allows it to dissolve many different substances? [SEP] A. It is a polar molecule. [SEP] B. It contains hydrogen atoms. [SEP] C. It has a high melting point. [SEP] D. It has a low density.

Answer: A


Nevada is much drier than regions in California that are at the same latitude. Compared to these regions in California, which feature of Nevada contributes most to this dry climate? [SEP] A. mountain ranges to the west [SEP] B. high mean elevation [SEP] C. frequent earthquakes [SEP] D. soil with a high sand content

Answer: A


A chemist observed bubbling and fizzing after adding an acid solution to a white powdery substance in a beaker. Which of the following can be inferred? [SEP] A. The acid boiled when poured into the beaker. [SEP] B. The acid and powder formed a new product. [SEP] C. A physical reaction produced a gas mixture. [SEP] D. A reaction occurred that produced heat.

Answer: B


Which of the following is visible through a reflecting telescope? [SEP] A. planets around other stars [SEP] B. black holes in deep space [SEP] C. moons around Jupiter [SEP] D. surface of Saturn

Answer: C


A student is using hydrochloric acid in an investigation. Which piece of safety equipment is most important during this investigation? [SEP] A. mask [SEP] B. goggles [SEP] C. fire extinguisher [SEP] D. disinfectant spray

Answer: B


Generally, the deeper rock layers of Earth are older than shallower rock layers. How can the collision of two tectonic plates change the order of the rock layers? [SEP] A. The rock layers contain pollutants that dissolve soil. [SEP] B. The rock layers lack water due to extended droughts. [SEP] C. The rock layers are compressed forming faults and folds. [SEP] D. The rock layers are moved closer to rivers which erode landforms.

Answer: C


Which instrument should a student use to best examine bacteria? [SEP] A. telescope [SEP] B. hand lens [SEP] C. microscope [SEP] D. computer probes

Answer: C


Matter that is vibrating is producing ___. [SEP] A. gas [SEP] B. light [SEP] C. sound [SEP] D. shadows

Answer: C


Falling and rising air and water molecules inside of clouds are believed to be factors in the formation of lightning. Which kind of energy transfer is taking place to cause this weather phenomenon? [SEP] A. electrical to thermal [SEP] B. thermal to mechanical [SEP] C. chemical to mechanical [SEP] D. mechanical to electrical

Answer: D


Sleet, rain, snow, and hail are forms of [SEP] A. erosion [SEP] B. evaporation [SEP] C. groundwater [SEP] D. precipitation

Answer: D


A windstorm knocks down many trees in a national park. Timber companies want to get rid of the fallen trees. How would this most likely harm the park ecosystem? [SEP] A. reduces the risk of fire [SEP] B. decreases erosion problems [SEP] C. increases the risk of drought [SEP] D. removes available nutrients

Answer: D


A plant has yellow flowers. What best explains why the flowers are yellow? [SEP] A. The sunshine colored the flowers yellow. [SEP] B. The flowers of the parent plants were yellow. [SEP] C. It was very warm when they flowered. [SEP] D. It rained every day.

Answer: B


Which tool is used to determine the mass of an object? [SEP] A. ruler [SEP] B. beaker [SEP] C. balance [SEP] D. thermometer

Answer: C


Prairie dogs can run very quickly. This adaptation enables the prairie dog to [SEP] A. attract mates. [SEP] B. intimidate predators. [SEP] C. escape from predators. [SEP] D. chase after their young.

Answer: C


A student has a liquid that does not mix with water. To predict whether the liquid will float on water or sink beneath it, which tools should be used to examine the liquid? [SEP] A. ruler and compass [SEP] B. microscope and voltmeter [SEP] C. graduated cylinder and balance [SEP] D. thermometer and Bunsen burner

Answer: C


Samuel investigated the effect of temperature on the growth of snapdragons. He recorded the results from the investigation and found that snapdragons do not grow well in low temperatures. What is the purpose of this conclusion in the scientific process? [SEP] A. It helps to organize the data. [SEP] B. It helps to evaluate the hypothesis. [SEP] C. It helps to prepare for an investigation. [SEP] D. It helps to collect information from observations.

Answer: B


Which of the following best describes the purpose of cellular respiration? [SEP] A. to provide energy for cell activities [SEP] B. to produce sugar for storage in cells [SEP] C. to release oxygen for breathing [SEP] D. to supply carbon dioxide for photosynthesis

Answer: A


In a meadow ecosystem, mice receive most of the energy they need to survive directly from which of the following sources? [SEP] A. minerals [SEP] B. oxygen [SEP] C. plants [SEP] D. water

Answer: C


Which environmental stimulus causes leaves on certain trees to change color in autumn? [SEP] A. loss of nutrients in the forest soil [SEP] B. lower air humidity in the forest [SEP] C. changes to amount of light [SEP] D. competition for survival

Answer: C


How does the length of daylight in New York State change from summer to fall? [SEP] A. It decreases. [SEP] B. It increases. [SEP] C. It remains the same.

Answer: A


What is the name of the product formed from the reaction shown below? 4Fe(III) + 3O_{2} -> 2Fe_{2}O_{3} [SEP] A. iron (II) oxide [SEP] B. iron (III) oxide [SEP] C. oxygen ferrite [SEP] D. diferrous trioxide

Answer: B


What type of galaxy is the Milky Way? [SEP] A. spiral [SEP] B. elliptical [SEP] C. irregular [SEP] D. oval

Answer: A


One thing that all human cells have in common is that they [SEP] A. control the brain. [SEP] B. make food. [SEP] C. move blood. [SEP] D. take in energy.

Answer: D


Which two systems of the body are interacting when a runner sprains his ankle? [SEP] A. the nervous system and the digestive system [SEP] B. the digestive system and the circulatory system [SEP] C. the respiratory system and the nervous system [SEP] D. the muscular system and the nervous system

Answer: D


Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. It rotates on its axis once about every 10 hours. What time period on Earth would be 10 hours long if Earth rotated on its axis once every 10 hours? [SEP] A. a day [SEP] B. a week [SEP] C. a month [SEP] D. a year

Answer: A


The elements sulfur (S) and oxygen (O2) combine to form a substance called sulfur dioxide (SO2). Sulfur dioxide is also formed when coal and oil are burned. Sulfur dioxide can best be described as [SEP] A. a metal [SEP] B. an atom [SEP] C. a compound [SEP] D. a nonreactive gas

Answer: C


Which is a major difference between the life cycles of different types of plants? [SEP] A. the way they die [SEP] B. the energy they use [SEP] C. the way they reproduce [SEP] D. the way they make food

Answer: C


Sunlight passes through the windows of a car and causes the car seats to get hot. Which type of energy flow is involved in heating the seats? [SEP] A. conduction [SEP] B. convection [SEP] C. insulation [SEP] D. radiation

Answer: D


When a large oak tree is cut down in a forest, it leaves a gap in the forest canopy which allows smaller trees to quickly grow in the available sunlight. Which interaction is best represented among the smaller trees? [SEP] A. parasitism [SEP] B. mutualism [SEP] C. competition [SEP] D. commensalism

Answer: C


How long does it take for the Moon to rotate on its axis? [SEP] A. one day [SEP] B. one year [SEP] C. one week [SEP] D. one month

Answer: D


What is one way that humans can maintain good health? [SEP] A. sleep all day [SEP] B. exercise daily [SEP] C. eat snacks often [SEP] D. stay up late

Answer: B


Which is an example of a group of cells with a common structure and function? [SEP] A. stomach [SEP] B. muscle tissue [SEP] C. mitochondria [SEP] D. digestive system

Answer: B


Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease caused by an autosomal recessive gene. If each parent carries one sickle cell allele, what are the chances that their child will have sickle cell anemia? [SEP] A. no chance [SEP] B. one in four [SEP] C. two in four [SEP] D. three in four

Answer: B


Which statement describes animal embryos? [SEP] A. display all the features of an adult [SEP] B. represent the earliest stage of development [SEP] C. have the same number of cells as a fertilized egg [SEP] D. have half the number of chromosomes as an adult

Answer: B


The average temperature of the surface of Earth has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which reason best explains this increase in temperature? [SEP] A. higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere [SEP] B. lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere [SEP] C. higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere [SEP] D. lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere

Answer: C


As the population in an area grows, water usage increases. Eventually, water usage can outstrip the supply. Which measure to increase the amount of available water demonstrates the best stewardship of the resource? [SEP] A. discovering new reservoirs of water in the aquifer [SEP] B. reducing water usage through conservation measures [SEP] C. combining hydrogen with oxygen to make water [SEP] D. piping in water from an aquifer elsewhere

Answer: B


Which action illustrates a chemical change? [SEP] A. painting a wood chest [SEP] B. sawing a wood plank [SEP] C. burning wood chips [SEP] D. cutting down a tree

Answer: C


Which tool could be used to help someone count the number of ladybugs on a leaf? [SEP] A. hand lens [SEP] B. meter stick [SEP] C. microscope [SEP] D. graduated cylinder

Answer: A


Which two activities use most of the water used in an average U.S. household? [SEP] A. flushing toilets and washing clothes [SEP] B. washing clothes and using sink faucets [SEP] C. using sink faucets and showering [SEP] D. showering and flushing toilets

Answer: A


Which are the best tools to use for growing and studying bacterial cultures? [SEP] A. beakers [SEP] B. Petri dishes [SEP] C. microscopes [SEP] D. graduated cylinders

Answer: B


Which effect would the growing of legume crops such as beans and soybeans have? [SEP] A. increase the efficiency of photosynthesis [SEP] B. greater immunity of crops against diseases [SEP] C. fewer bacteria in soil and in living organisms [SEP] D. more usable nitrogen for other plants

Answer: D


Which relationship between Earth's outer core and inner core generates a large portion of Earth's magnetic field? [SEP] A. their relative masses [SEP] B. their relative motions [SEP] C. their relative diameters [SEP] D. their relative circumferences

Answer: B


Which order of succession of natural communities would most likely occur in New York State? [SEP] 1. grasses -> trees -> bushes [SEP] 2. trees -> bushes -> grasses [SEP] 3. bushes -> grasses -> trees [SEP] 4. grasses -> bushes -> trees

Answer: 4


White light can be separated into all of its component colors by [SEP] A. mixing the three primary colors of light. [SEP] B. passing the light through a prism. [SEP] C. passing the light through a colored filter. [SEP] D. using a translucent material to filter the light.

Answer: B


An Italian scientist named Alessandro Volta invented the Voltaic pile in 1800. It was able to produce a steady electrical current. Based on this description, what is the modern equivalent of the Voltaic pile? [SEP] A. a wire [SEP] B. a battery [SEP] C. a resistor [SEP] D. a light bulb

Answer: B


Which would cause the most soil to erode from a river bank in just a few days? [SEP] A. animals climbing up the river bank [SEP] B. acid rain falling onto the river bank [SEP] C. heat from the sun drying the river bank [SEP] D. water from a flood flowing over the river bank

Answer: D


A student is measuring a liquid in a graduated cylinder. The student is not tall enough to read the measurement at eye level. Which of these is the best action for the student to take to read the measurement correctly? [SEP] A. stand on a chair [SEP] B. estimate the amount [SEP] C. pour out some of the liquid until it is at eye level [SEP] D. move the graduated cylinder to a lower table

Answer: D


When Isaac Newton theorized that gravity caused objects to fall to the ground, he had also discovered the force that causes [SEP] A. chemicals to react. [SEP] B. volcanoes to erupt. [SEP] C. lightning to strike Earth. [SEP] D. the planets to orbit the Sun.

Answer: D


A disorder is associated with certain flaws in the human respiratory system. Which is most likely a typical symptom of this disorder? [SEP] A. poor vision [SEP] B. difficulty breathing [SEP] C. reduced muscle mass [SEP] D. increased saliva production

Answer: B


Which of these is the main contributor to the formation of hurricanes? [SEP] A. high barometric pressure [SEP] B. warm ocean air [SEP] C. calm ocean surface [SEP] D. dense surface air

Answer: B


Which statement correctly describes why there are fewer than 24 hours of daylight in Alaska during each day in April? [SEP] A. Earth’s rotation slows during the day. [SEP] B. Earth’s rotation slows during the night. [SEP] C. Earth’s rotation causes both day and night. [SEP] D. Earth’s tilt on its axis causes both day and night.

Answer: C


What best describes objects orbiting in the Kuiper Belt? [SEP] A. metallic [SEP] B. rocky [SEP] C. hot [SEP] D. icy

Answer: D


Coal was made from the remains of which ancient ecosystem? [SEP] A. rocky islands [SEP] B. fertile valleys [SEP] C. green swamps [SEP] D. fast-flowing rivers

Answer: C


Which of these describes a location where minerals are most likely to form? [SEP] A. cooled magma from a volcano [SEP] B. eroded sediment from a riverbed [SEP] C. weathered rock from a canyon [SEP] D. saturated soil from a floodplain

Answer: A


In 1971, the bones of an extinct flying dinosaur were discovered. This kind of discovery helps everyone learn more about [SEP] A. impact of humans on Earth. [SEP] B. effect of gravity on animals. [SEP] C. history of animal species on Earth. [SEP] D. likelihood that dinosaurs will reappear.

Answer: C


Which could be a possible way to prevent wildlife species from becoming endangered? [SEP] A. drinking less water [SEP] B. establishing more habitats [SEP] C. cutting down more forests [SEP] D. stopping underground coal mining

Answer: B


The chemical reaction of ethane and oxygen produces carbon dioxide and water. Which is the best form to identify reactants and products of the reaction? [SEP] A. a table [SEP] B. a graph [SEP] C. a diagram [SEP] D. an equation

Answer: D


Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease that occurs when the body attacks its own tissues. Which body system becomes disordered first? [SEP] A. immune [SEP] B. nervous [SEP] C. digestive [SEP] D. circulatory

Answer: A


Variation in which property between water at different temperatures contributes most to the formation of horizontal ocean layers having distinct temperatures? [SEP] A. density [SEP] B. viscosity [SEP] C. turbidity [SEP] D. acidity

Answer: A


Which event would most likely cause a rapid extinction of organisms? [SEP] A. a large asteroid impact [SEP] B. regional drought [SEP] C. new glacier formation [SEP] D. a decrease in the growth of weeds

Answer: A


When an octopus feels threatened, it can release black ink into the water. The ink MOST likely helps the octopus [SEP] A. move quickly through the water. [SEP] B. breathe oxygen from the water. [SEP] C. hide from predators. [SEP] D. use food faster.

Answer: C


Which is a way the agricultural biotechnology industry could have a positive impact on the environment? [SEP] A. by producing crops that are virus resistant [SEP] B. by making robots to replace large farm machines [SEP] C. by reducing the need for countries to import food [SEP] D. by increasing the use of wind farms that produce electricity

Answer: C


The following statements are from an article in a fitness magazine. Which of these is an opinion? [SEP] A. Exercise increases muscle mass. [SEP] B. Regular exercise reduces resting heart rate. [SEP] C. People should exercise because it makes them feel better. [SEP] D. Those who exercise regularly can increase their life span.

Answer: C


Which pair of items will repel each other? [SEP] A. a positively-charged wool sock and a neutral plastic bag [SEP] B. a neutral cotton sweater and a negatively-charged plastic pellet [SEP] C. a negatively-charged balloon and a positively-charged piece of paper [SEP] D. a negatively-charged plastic strip and a negatively-charged piece of cloth

Answer: D


In your body, what two organs work together to make sure that oxygen gets to all the other organs of your body? [SEP] A. Lungs and kidneys [SEP] B. Heart and lungs [SEP] C. Brain and kidneys [SEP] D. Heart and liver

Answer: B


Each organ in the digestive system has a specific function. During digestion, food passes from the stomach into the small intestine. Which statement best describes what takes place in the small intestine? [SEP] A. Nutrients are absorbed from the food. [SEP] B. Wastes are prepared to pass out of the body. [SEP] C. Food is churned with acid to break down proteins. [SEP] D. Excess water is reabsorbed into the blood stream.

Answer: A


Which structure is found in producers in nearly all ecosystems? [SEP] A. stems [SEP] B. leaves [SEP] C. rhizomes [SEP] D. chloroplasts

Answer: D


A strawberry farmer finds that, after a hard freeze, some of his strawberries are still alive. Which best explains why these strawberries were able to survive? [SEP] A. They have larger leaves to protect the fruit than the other strawberries. [SEP] B. They have different genetic variations that cause them to be more resistant to cold temperatures. [SEP] C. They are able to reproduce more quickly than the other strawberries. [SEP] D. The color of the strawberries is darker, and they maintain their temperature better than other strawberries.

Answer: B


Which event would most likely result in more food for organisms that are scavengers? [SEP] A. Fish die and sink to the bottom of a pond. [SEP] B. Trees take up and store water with roots. [SEP] C. Beavers build a new dam and lodge. [SEP] D. Plants get more sunshine and water.

Answer: A


When you are riding a bicycle at night, your bicycle's reflectors help people in cars see your bicycle. How do bicycle reflectors work? [SEP] A. They are made of a special material that gives off its own light. [SEP] B. They are hooked up to batteries that allow them to produce light. [SEP] C. They bounce light back from other sources. [SEP] D. They are covered with paint that glows in the dark.

Answer: C


From Earth, the Sun appears brighter than any other star because the Sun is the [SEP] A. newest star. [SEP] B. largest star. [SEP] C. hottest star. [SEP] D. closest star.

Answer: D


Scientists found fish fossils in the desert. What do the fossils tell about this environment when the fish were alive? [SEP] A. There was a forest with large trees. [SEP] B. There were lakes with water plants. [SEP] C. There were mountains with glaciers. [SEP] D. There was a desert with large rocks.

Answer: B


Chinese and European societies can use different but effective technologies when addressing medical questions. What does this demonstrate? [SEP] A. Varied approaches can yield successful technologies. [SEP] B. Not all technologies behave according to scientific laws. [SEP] C. The development of science and technology are independent. [SEP] D. Technology results more from practice than from scientific knowledge.

Answer: A


The exotic plant Melaleuca, or Australian Pine, has increased the intensity of fires across the Everglades. The amount of fuel available for fires has increased due to the presence of the Melaleuca. The Melaleuca releases massive numbers of seeds in response to fire, drought, and herbicide damage. Which best describes the reason the Melaleuca has been able to survive? [SEP] A. adaptation [SEP] B. competition [SEP] C. diversification [SEP] D. mutation

Answer: A


Water that is used to cool nuclear power plants can be released into water bodies, causing an area called a thermal plume. A thermal plume can be 12-18°C warmer than surrounding waters. Although some fish may be attracted to the warmer water, other organisms may not be able to survive. Government officials order a study to determine the effects of a thermal plume in a water body near a nuclear power plant in North Carolina. Which factor most related to temperature should the study focus on in order to determine whether the thermal plume is damaging the health of the water system? [SEP] A. pH [SEP] B. dissolved oxygen [SEP] C. nutrient concentration [SEP] D. turbidity

Answer: B


What is a galaxy? [SEP] A. a moon that orbits a planet [SEP] B. a planet that orbits the Sun [SEP] C. a very large system of stars that is held together by gravity [SEP] D. a very large system of planets that is held together by the Sun

Answer: C


Which part of a strawberry plant absorbs most of the water needed by the plant? [SEP] A. flowers [SEP] B. fruits [SEP] C. leaves [SEP] D. roots

Answer: D


In cherry tomatoes, red color (R) is dominant to yellow color (r). If two heterozygous plants are crossed, what percentage of the offspring will be yellow? [SEP] A. 0% [SEP] B. 25% [SEP] C. 50% [SEP] D. 100%

Answer: B


Which situation is an example of a feedback system in the body that maintains homeostasis? [SEP] A. a mouse pushing a lever to release food [SEP] B. a dog going to a food bowl when a bell rings [SEP] C. students receiving star stickers for good behavior [SEP] D. the brain signaling blood vessels to return to normal

Answer: D


Which human organ system produces sperm or egg cells? [SEP] 1. digestive system [SEP] 2. nervous system [SEP] 3. respiratory system [SEP] 4. reproductive system

Answer: 4


In the human body the digestion of proteins takes place primarily in which two organs? [SEP] A. Mouth and stomach [SEP] B. Stomach and small intestine [SEP] C. Liver and gall bladder [SEP] D. Pancreas and large intestine

Answer: B


What is the source of the organic matter needed for most fertile soils? [SEP] A. moving water [SEP] B. eroded sand [SEP] C. decaying plants [SEP] D. weathered bedrock

Answer: C


A scientist finds the bones of a dinosaur. What could help the scientist determine the approximate age of the dinosaur bones? [SEP] A. the birds living in the area of the bones [SEP] B. the weather conditions in the area of the bones [SEP] C. the kinds of trees living in the area of the bones [SEP] D. the index fossils in the area of the bones

Answer: D


A pond is near river but not connected to it. What would most likely allow fish to move from the pond to the river? [SEP] A. a fire [SEP] B. a drought [SEP] C. a snowstorm [SEP] D. a flood

Answer: D


A characteristic that all living organisms have in common is they [SEP] A. need similar food. [SEP] B. have the same life span. [SEP] C. live in the same climate. [SEP] D. are made of cells.

Answer: D


When the cells in an organism divide and reproduce, the organism can grow. Which cell organelle contains the genetic material for reproduction? [SEP] A. the nucleus [SEP] B. the ribosome [SEP] C. the mitochondrion [SEP] D. the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: A


Measurements of carbon dioxide concentrations in the air taken over the past decade have shown a [SEP] A. leveling off. [SEP] B. slow increase. [SEP] C. steady decline. [SEP] D. dramatic increase.

Answer: D


All matter is made up of particles called [SEP] 1. cells [SEP] 2. molecules [SEP] 3. atoms [SEP] 4. compounds

Answer: 3


Which of the following energy conversions takes place in a battery-operated flashlight? [SEP] A. electrical -> mechanical -> light [SEP] B. chemical -> mechanical -> light [SEP] C. chemical -> electrical -> light [SEP] D. nuclear -> electrical -> light

Answer: C


Which of these is most likely harmful to an ecosystem? [SEP] A. Building new homes in a wetland [SEP] B. Taking away airplanes from an airport [SEP] C. Planting trees in an orchard [SEP] D. Adding floors to an office building

Answer: A


Which units are best to measure the amount of rain that fell during a thunderstorm? [SEP] A. centimeters [SEP] B. degrees Celsius [SEP] C. grams [SEP] D. seconds

Answer: A


Noah visited a park that had many oak trees. Which best describes the role of an oak tree in its ecosystem? [SEP] A. Oak trees can live for a long time. [SEP] B. Oak trees have leaves that change colors. [SEP] C. Oak trees have strong branches and trunks. [SEP] D. Oak trees are a source of food and shelter for animals.

Answer: D


Which of these resources will most likely be depleted first? [SEP] A. Wind [SEP] B. Solar energy [SEP] C. Fossil fuels [SEP] D. Water

Answer: C


When athletes begin to exercise, their heart rates and respiration rates increase. At what level of organization does the human body coordinate these functions? [SEP] A. at the tissue level [SEP] B. at the organ level [SEP] C. at the system level [SEP] D. at the cellular level

Answer: C


A student heated a pan of soup on a stove. While stirring the soup with a metal spoon, the student noticed the spoon became very warm. What is the most likely reason the spoon became warm? [SEP] A. The stirring action heated the spoon. [SEP] B. Warm air in the room heated the spoon. [SEP] C. Heat from the soup was transferred to the spoon. [SEP] D. The student's hand transferred heat to the spoon.

Answer: C


Where does a landslide begin? [SEP] A. a low hill [SEP] B. a plain [SEP] C. a mountain [SEP] D. a basin

Answer: C


Students are learning about the natural resources in Maryland. One group of students researches information about renewable natural resources in the state. The other group researches information about nonrenewable natural resources in the state. The resources the students investigate include plants, animals, soil, minerals, water, coal, and oil. Aluminum is a nonrenewable natural resource. Which of these methods of aluminum disposal is best for the environment? [SEP] A. burning it [SEP] B. recycling it [SEP] C. burying it in landfills [SEP] D. crushing it before throwing it away

Answer: B


Which of the following keeps the planets in our solar system in orbit around the Sun? [SEP] A. atmospheric pressure [SEP] B. gravitational force [SEP] C. electromagnetic energy [SEP] D. thermal energy

Answer: B


Which human organ system primarily exchanges gases between the body and the atmosphere? [SEP] A. excretory [SEP] B. nervous [SEP] C. skeletal [SEP] D. respiratory

Answer: D


Moving water was the most important factor in forming which of these? [SEP] A. the Grand Canyon [SEP] B. San Andreas Fault [SEP] C. the Rocky Mountains [SEP] D. Mount St. Helens Volcano

Answer: A


Which list contains only nonliving things? [SEP] A. coins, snakes, birds [SEP] B. water, rocks, sunlight [SEP] C. rubber ball, plants, house [SEP] D. soil, fish, air

Answer: B


Which type of energy conversion occurs in a flashlight? [SEP] A. chemical to light [SEP] B. mechanical to light [SEP] C. electrical to chemical [SEP] D. mechanical to chemical

Answer: A


Rocks that contain fragments of bones, shells, and plant remains are most likely [SEP] A. crystals. [SEP] B. igneous. [SEP] C. sedimentary. [SEP] D. metamorphic.

Answer: C


Which reaction is endothermic? [SEP] A. cold pack [SEP] B. coal burning [SEP] C. striking a match [SEP] D. charcoal grill fire

Answer: A


Which property of water can cause a rock to break apart? [SEP] A. Water boiling at 100°C. [SEP] B. Water losing energy slowly. [SEP] C. Water expanding as it freezes. [SEP] D. Water having a high surface tension.

Answer: C


With a microscope, you see that an object has a cell wall, a chloroplast, and a nucleus. What is being observed? [SEP] A. a plant cell [SEP] B. an animal cell [SEP] C. a male organism [SEP] D. a female organism

Answer: A


Which instrument would be best to measure the volume of a liquid? [SEP] A. a pan balance [SEP] B. a stopwatch [SEP] C. a thermometer [SEP] D. a graduated cylinder

Answer: D


Which part of an atom is involved in chemical reactions? [SEP] A. nucleus and its particles [SEP] B. negatively-charged particles [SEP] C. neutrally-charged particles [SEP] D. positively-charged particles

Answer: B


Which tool is best used to collect information about the weather? [SEP] A. ruler [SEP] B. stopwatch [SEP] C. thermometer [SEP] D. collecting net

Answer: C


Which of these characteristics best helps scientists classify organisms? [SEP] A. size [SEP] B. color [SEP] C. gender [SEP] D. structure

Answer: D


Which resource is most likely found in large amounts in forest ecosystems? [SEP] A. iron [SEP] B. wood [SEP] C. plastic [SEP] D. petroleum

Answer: B


Which of the following best describes a role of mushrooms in ecosystems? [SEP] A. capturing energy from sunlight [SEP] B. consuming living plant material [SEP] C. taking energy from animal hosts [SEP] D. breaking down dead plant material

Answer: D


A gardener wants to increase the ability of garden soil to retain water. Which of these should the gardener add to the soil? [SEP] A. coarse sand [SEP] B. loose gravel [SEP] C. nitrogen pellets [SEP] D. organic material

Answer: D


In the life cycle of a fly, which stage comes after the larval stage? [SEP] A. egg [SEP] B. adult [SEP] C. nymph [SEP] D. pupa

Answer: D


In which example could a thermometer be used to show that heat energy is being transferred? [SEP] A. A piano is played by striking the keys. [SEP] B. A shovel is used to move dirt from one place to another. [SEP] C. A ball is thrown into the air. [SEP] D. A stove is used to boil water in a pan.

Answer: D


What is the most likely function of a turtle's hard shell? [SEP] A. convert energy [SEP] B. increase speed [SEP] C. provide protection [SEP] D. allow for reproduction

Answer: C


What is the main source of energy that causes water to evaporate from the surface of Earth? [SEP] A. lightning [SEP] B. sun [SEP] C. gravity [SEP] D. wind

Answer: B


Which terms can be used to describe the properties of both a wave and a particle of light? [SEP] A. charge and volume [SEP] B. frequency and mass [SEP] C. speed and frequency [SEP] D. frequency and density

Answer: C


To use energy from the Sun to power household appliances, the solar energy must be converted to [SEP] A. heat energy. [SEP] B. light energy. [SEP] C. nuclear energy. [SEP] D. electrical energy.

Answer: D