When air is heated, it will most likely [SEP] A. expand and fall. [SEP] B. expand and rise. [SEP] C. condense and fall. [SEP] D. condense and rise.

Answer: B


The wheels and gears of a machine are greased in order to decrease [SEP] 1. potential energy [SEP] 2. efficiency [SEP] 3. output [SEP] 4. friction

Answer: 4


A student learns that one year on Mercury is about 88 Earth days. This means it takes 88 Earth days for Mercury to [SEP] A. travel in orbit around its moon. [SEP] B. complete one rotation on its axis. [SEP] C. switch orbits with the nearest planet. [SEP] D. make one complete orbit around the Sun.

Answer: D


Two processes are involved in the formation of a sand dune. Which two processes best describe how a sand dune forms? [SEP] A. wind erosion then deposition [SEP] B. plate movement then deposition [SEP] C. wind erosion then water erosion [SEP] D. water erosion then plate movement

Answer: A


When a student uses the equation, mass multiplied by change in temperature multiplied by specific heat, what is being calculated? q = m \times C \times \Delta T [SEP] A. a phase change [SEP] B. stored energy [SEP] C. heat convection [SEP] D. heat gain or heat loss

Answer: D


Which rock is most likely to contain fossil seashells? [SEP] A. basalt [SEP] B. gneiss [SEP] C. granite [SEP] D. limestone

Answer: D


Which occurs as a result of Earth's tilt on its rotating axis? [SEP] A. movement of the tides [SEP] B. prevalent or trade winds [SEP] C. seasonal changes in the climate [SEP] D. light and dark changes of day and night

Answer: C


Planets remain in orbit around the Sun because of [SEP] A. gravity. [SEP] B. friction. [SEP] C. solar energy. [SEP] D. centrifugal force.

Answer: A


Which cells help to destroy pathogens such as bacteria that enter the human body? [SEP] A. red blood cells [SEP] B. liver cells [SEP] C. white blood cells [SEP] D. brain cells

Answer: C


Eye color in human beings is an [SEP] A. instinct. [SEP] B. acquired trait. [SEP] C. inherited trait. [SEP] D. environmentally influenced trait.

Answer: C


If a species is no longer able to reproduce, it will [SEP] 1. adapt to its environment [SEP] 2. become immune to disease [SEP] 3. become extinct [SEP] 4. increase its population

Answer: 3


Which of these is hottest? [SEP] A. The Earth [SEP] B. Mars [SEP] C. The Moon [SEP] D. The Sun

Answer: D


In large industrial cities, the emissions from fossil fuels cause the atmosphere to change. Which process allows the atmosphere to change? [SEP] A. increased inorganic matter in soil [SEP] B. increased use of fertilizers on crops [SEP] C. increased buildup of greenhouse gases [SEP] D. increased rainfall rates near power plants

Answer: C


Which is the most likely response of a human to an increase in temperature? [SEP] A. increasing the amount of perspiration [SEP] B. increasing waste elimination from the bladder [SEP] C. a reduction in the desire for liquids [SEP] D. a contraction in blood vessels in the skin

Answer: A


An organism's traits are largely determined by the genetic makeup of its parents. A mutation in which kinds of cells in a parent could cause a new trait to appear in the parent's offspring? [SEP] A. sperm or egg [SEP] B. egg or nerve [SEP] C. nerve or muscle [SEP] D. muscle or sperm

Answer: A


Electricity to play your radio can be made using renewable or nonrenewable resources. Which of the following resources are renewable? [SEP] A. wind and oil [SEP] B. wind and sunlight [SEP] C. natural gas and oil [SEP] D. natural gas and coal

Answer: B


The action of turning off the water while brushing teeth is an example of [SEP] A. recycling. [SEP] B. adaptation. [SEP] C. conservation. [SEP] D. resourcefulness.

Answer: C


Which objects are the most useful for collecting data on the speed of a toy car? [SEP] A. microscope, computer, ruler [SEP] B. thermometer, calculator, magnet [SEP] C. stopwatch, calculator, meter stick [SEP] D. camera, digital recorder, safety goggles

Answer: C


Some microorganisms cause human disease. Other microorganisms are used in making cheese, yogurt, and bread. Based on this information, the relationship between humans and microorganisms can be [SEP] 1. beneficial, only [SEP] 2. harmful, only [SEP] 3. beneficial or harmful

Answer: 3


Which of these objects is visible because it reflects light toward the eye? [SEP] A. burning candle [SEP] B. flashlight bulb [SEP] C. glowing campfire log [SEP] D. shiny metallic balloon

Answer: D


Which dog trait is a learned behavior? [SEP] A. blinking its eyes [SEP] B. scratching an itch [SEP] C. panting to cool off [SEP] D. jumping to catch a ball

Answer: D


When an atom has a neutral charge, which particles within the atom have equal numbers? [SEP] A. electrons and neutrons [SEP] B. protons and electrons [SEP] C. neutrons and protons [SEP] D. ions and neutrons

Answer: B


A paper bag is ripped into pieces. Which of these BEST describes the pieces of the bag? [SEP] A. Stronger than the whole bag [SEP] B. Thicker than the whole bag [SEP] C. Smaller than the whole bag [SEP] D. Darker than the whole bag

Answer: C


A lizard most likely would be protected from its enemies if it has which characteristic? [SEP] A. claws to catch prey [SEP] B. a long tail to climb trees [SEP] C. eyes that can see far distances [SEP] D. skin color that matches its habitat

Answer: D


Copper is used in house wiring because it is [SEP] A. magnetic. [SEP] B. an insulator. [SEP] C. an electrical conductor. [SEP] D. hard to bend into new shapes.

Answer: C


Which process causes light to bend and form a rainbow? [SEP] A. frequency [SEP] B. resonance [SEP] C. refraction [SEP] D. reflection

Answer: C


Sugar is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Sugar is an example of which of the following? [SEP] A. an atom [SEP] B. a compound [SEP] C. an electron [SEP] D. a mixture

Answer: B


The tendency of a stationary object to resist being put into motion is known as [SEP] A. acceleration. [SEP] B. inertia. [SEP] C. weight. [SEP] D. velocity.

Answer: B


One way that students can help conserve natural resources at school is by [SEP] A. recycling aluminum cans. [SEP] B. emptying waste baskets. [SEP] C. wearing warmer clothes. [SEP] D. eating all of their lunch.

Answer: A


The Grand Canyon is an example of [SEP] A. erosion. [SEP] B. deposition. [SEP] C. an earthquake. [SEP] D. volcanic activity.

Answer: A


Humans cannot survive without clean, fresh water. Reservoirs of liquid water vary, but all water spends time as a gas in the atmosphere. What is the source of most of the water in the atmosphere? [SEP] A. lakes [SEP] B. oceans [SEP] C. rivers [SEP] D. glaciers

Answer: B


When a frying pan is placed on an electric stove top, heat energy is transferred from the burner to the pan by [SEP] A. convection. [SEP] B. radiation. [SEP] C. conduction. [SEP] D. insulation.

Answer: C


What happens when water flows over a rock for a long period of time? [SEP] A. erosion [SEP] B. flooding [SEP] C. breakage [SEP] D. evaporation

Answer: A


During winter, the white fur of an arctic fox blends in with the snow. This adaptation is called [SEP] A. hibernation [SEP] B. migration [SEP] C. camouflage [SEP] D. movement

Answer: C


How has the invention of the personal computer helped people the most? [SEP] A. by replacing paper [SEP] B. by reducing pollution [SEP] C. by improving transportation [SEP] D. by increasing communication

Answer: D


Humans depend on which natural resource from the environment? [SEP] A. water [SEP] B. houses [SEP] C. electricity [SEP] D. roads

Answer: A


The danger posed to fish in an aquarium by an overpopulation of bacteria caused by an algal bloom is most likely a [SEP] A. decrease in water temperature. [SEP] B. reduction in oxygen levels. [SEP] C. decrease in food supply. [SEP] D. removal of minerals.

Answer: B


Natural processes shape the surface of Earth. Most canyons are formed by ___. [SEP] A. ice [SEP] B. plants [SEP] C. steady winds [SEP] D. moving water

Answer: D


What is the best way for a student to describe the results of an experiment? [SEP] A. in a diagram [SEP] B. in an oral report [SEP] C. in a written report [SEP] D. in a photo essay

Answer: C


Which of the following is a living component of a desert in California? [SEP] A. low rainfall [SEP] B. hot temperature [SEP] C. polar bear [SEP] D. horned lizard

Answer: D


Scientists wonder how the Egyptian pyramids were built. They think that the huge blocks of stone may have been put into place by pushing them up a sloping pathway. The pathway is which type of simple machine? [SEP] A. lever [SEP] B. pulley [SEP] C. inclined plane [SEP] D. wheel and axle

Answer: C


Magnesium strips are long, thin strips that are gray and shiny. Which action will lead to a chemical change of magnesium strips? [SEP] A. putting them in the freezer [SEP] B. burning them with a candle [SEP] C. cutting them into small pieces [SEP] D. mixing them with pieces of copper

Answer: B


Which involves the greatest variety of cell types? [SEP] A. a tissue [SEP] B. an organ [SEP] C. an organ system [SEP] D. an organism

Answer: D


Snapping a rubber band most likely produces which type of energy? [SEP] A. heat [SEP] B. light [SEP] C. sound [SEP] D. electrical

Answer: C


People can help keep a forest a good place for birds to live by [SEP] A. dumping garbage in a small part of the forest [SEP] B. building a road through the middle of the forest [SEP] C. burning dead trees to make smoke in the air [SEP] D. preventing too many trees from being cut down

Answer: D


Randall is picking lettuce from his garden for dinner. His mother told him to leave some leaves on each plant. Why is it important to leave some leaves on the plant? [SEP] A. Leaves help the plant make food. [SEP] B. Leaves help the plant absorb water. [SEP] C. Leaves help the plant stand upright. [SEP] D. Leaves help the plant make seeds.

Answer: A


A negatively-charged ion has [SEP] A. a heavier nucleus. [SEP] B. a greater atomic mass. [SEP] C. more electrons than protons. [SEP] D. more electrons than neutrons.

Answer: C


Which statement explains what will most likely happen to the hydrosphere in an area where air temperatures increase? [SEP] A. Earthquake intensity will decrease. [SEP] B. Mountain formation will decrease. [SEP] C. Rock weathering will increase. [SEP] D. Evaporation will increase.

Answer: D


Which energy source is considered nonrenewable? [SEP] 1. oil [SEP] 2. moving water [SEP] 3. sunlight [SEP] 4. biomass

Answer: 1


When buried sediments are subjected to pressure, the mineral grains are squeezed together. What is the result of this action? [SEP] A. volcanoes [SEP] B. earthquakes [SEP] C. new rock is formed [SEP] D. layers rise to the surface

Answer: C


What is the primary source of energy for organisms from a beach ecosystem? [SEP] A. sand [SEP] B. oxygen [SEP] C. the Sun [SEP] D. the ocean

Answer: C


Before rock can become soil, it must undergo certain processes. One process in the formation of soil involves plants. How can plants chemically change rocks into soil? [SEP] A. They weather rocks with acid. [SEP] B. They strip the rocks of minerals. [SEP] C. They break rocks into small pieces. [SEP] D. They increase the density of the rocks.

Answer: A


Which is the best way a science student can help to maintain laboratory equipment? [SEP] A. perform investigations using only new materials [SEP] B. throw away glass items after investigations are complete [SEP] C. clean up all materials and workspaces after investigations [SEP] D. eat in the laboratory only after investigations are complete

Answer: C


Which of the following statements best explains why stars appear to move across Earth's sky each night? [SEP] A. Earth rotates on its axis. [SEP] B. The stars orbit each other. [SEP] C. Earth revolves around the Sun. [SEP] D. The stars rotate with the Moon.

Answer: A


Researchers are developing new types of crop plants with desirable characteristics such as disease resistance and drought tolerance. Crossing plants so that the next generation will express desirable traits is best described as [SEP] A. selective breeding. [SEP] B. natural selection. [SEP] C. genetic engineering. [SEP] D. gene sequencing.

Answer: A


In May 2007, wildfires burned more than 350 square miles of habitat in Florida and Georgia. Intense fires like this one can temporarily remove nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in area soil. What most likely happens in the burned areas until organic decay replenishes the lost nutrients? [SEP] A. Consumers take on the ecological role of producers. [SEP] B. Only secondary consumers obtain the resources they need. [SEP] C. The carrying capacity of the soil for plant growth is reduced. [SEP] D. The remaining organisms in the area become more territorial.

Answer: C


Helen is preparing a presentation about objects in the solar system. She includes facts about the order of the planets and their distances from the Sun. Which statement could she include in an accurate presentation? [SEP] A. Mars is closer to the Sun than Earth. [SEP] B. Neptune is one light-year from the Sun. [SEP] C. Jupiter is farther from the Sun than Uranus. [SEP] D. Earth is one astronomical unit from the Sun.

Answer: D


Farmers in the 1800s used axes to clear trees from farmland. Now, farmers use chainsaws to clear the trees. How do chainsaws most likely help farmers? [SEP] A. Farmers can cut different types of trees. [SEP] B. Farmers can remove more trees in less time. [SEP] C. Farmers can replant more trees in the fields. [SEP] D. Farmers can produce more products from the trees.

Answer: B


What can a moving magnet in a coil of copper wire cause? [SEP] A. an electric current [SEP] B. friction on wheels [SEP] C. an increase in gravity [SEP] D. a decrease in heat

Answer: A


A researcher determines a cell has a flexible cell wall composed of peptidoglycan. This observation narrows possible classifications of the cell to which taxonomic group? [SEP] A. archaea [SEP] B. bacteria [SEP] C. fungi [SEP] D. plants

Answer: B


A student conducts an investigation using mold spores. In one part of the investigation, he needs to closely examine a spore sample. Which piece of equipment does the student need to use to keep mold spores from entering his respiratory system? [SEP] A. breathing mask [SEP] B. safety goggles [SEP] C. rubber gloves [SEP] D. lead smock

Answer: A


Vultures are scavengers that most likely help ecosystems by quickly consuming dead organisms and [SEP] A. speeding up the process of decay. [SEP] B. taking nonliving matter from the environment. [SEP] C. slowing the spread of disease. [SEP] D. helping to distribute seeds.

Answer: C


What is the process called when an acid and a base combine to produce water and salt? [SEP] A. neutralization [SEP] B. dilution [SEP] C. titration [SEP] D. physical reaction

Answer: A


Amylase is a chemical that decomposes starch into maltose and dextrin. Which best describes the role of amylase in the human body? [SEP] A. as an inhibitor of insulin production [SEP] B. as an enzyme that aids in digestion [SEP] C. as a catalyst for protein synthesis [SEP] D. as a receptor of fatty acid chains

Answer: B


Sound waves can pass through all of these except [SEP] A. air. [SEP] B. steel. [SEP] C. water. [SEP] D. a vacuum.

Answer: D


Why is it important to repeat an experiment several times? [SEP] A. to use up all the materials [SEP] B. to give all the students the chance to participate [SEP] C. to collect more data to fit the hypothesis [SEP] D. to determine if the results are similar

Answer: D


Which force causes a marble to sink to the bottom of a glass of water? [SEP] A. gravity [SEP] B. friction [SEP] C. magnetism [SEP] D. electricity

Answer: A


A mosquito is a type of flying insect that lays eggs in puddles or small pools of water. When larvae develop from eggs, the larvae come to the surface to get air through special breathing tubes. After one to two weeks, the larvae become pupae and then turn into adults. How would a dry summer affect a mosquito population? [SEP] A. The mosquito larvae would take longer to become pupae. [SEP] B. The adult mosquitoes would have fewer places to lay eggs. [SEP] C. The adult mosquitoes would get fluids by feeding more often. [SEP] D. The mosquito larvae would use their breathing tubes to live on land.

Answer: B


NASA's Kepler Mission has collected information about main-sequence stars with characteristics similar to the Sun. What is the most common color of these stars? [SEP] A. blue [SEP] B. white [SEP] C. red [SEP] D. yellow

Answer: D


A fever is a response to a disease-causing agent infecting the body. Raising one's body temperature changes the shape of enzymes in the agent so it cannot reproduce. Which statement best describes a fever? [SEP] A. A fever is an internal response to an external stimulus. [SEP] B. A fever is an internal response to an internal stimulus. [SEP] C. A fever is an external response to an external stimulus. [SEP] D. A fever is an external response to an internal stimulus.

Answer: B


Two people are pushing a car. One person is pushing with a force of 450 N and the other person is pushing with a force of 300 N. What information is needed to determine the net force applied to the car by the people? [SEP] A. the direction of the road [SEP] B. the direction of the forces [SEP] C. the weight of the two people [SEP] D. the weight of the automobile

Answer: B


A student proposes the rate of increase in a plant's mass will be proportional to the length of light exposure per day when all other variables are constant. How should this proposal be classified? [SEP] A. as a hypothesis [SEP] B. as a conclusion [SEP] C. as a theory [SEP] D. as a statement

Answer: A


Approximately how many times will Earth rotate during one revolution around the Sun? [SEP] A. 1 [SEP] B. 28 [SEP] C. 365 [SEP] D. 1440

Answer: C


A shiny aluminum screen can be placed on the windshield of a parked car. This screen helps to keep the car cool because it [SEP] A. reflects the sunlight [SEP] B. absorbs heat [SEP] C. causes evaporation [SEP] D. conducts electricity

Answer: A


Which property of an object can be described as smooth? [SEP] A. color [SEP] B. odor [SEP] C. size [SEP] D. texture

Answer: D


During photosynthesis, plants absorb light energy from the Sun and convert it into chemical energy in the form of glucose. Which compounds combine in the presence of sunlight to form glucose? [SEP] A. carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) [SEP] B. oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) [SEP] C. carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) [SEP] D. oxygen (O2) and water (H2O)

Answer: C


A researcher is viewing a cell that has cell walls. To best narrow down the taxonomic group from which the cell belongs, which question should a researcher ask? [SEP] A. What is the composition of the cell walls? [SEP] B. Is a cell membrane also present? [SEP] C. Can any substances pass through the cell walls? [SEP] D. Do the cell walls help the cell to survive?

Answer: A


Which of the following best explains what will occur when a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of its environment? [SEP] A. The emigration rate will decrease. [SEP] B. The competition rate will decrease. [SEP] C. The birth rate will increase. [SEP] D. The death rate will increase.

Answer: D


Oceans have many layers of sediments. These layers become compacted when they are buried under other layers of sediments. Which is most likely to happen to the deepest layers? [SEP] A. They will be squeezed out onto deltas. [SEP] B. They will recrystallize into new rock. [SEP] C. They will become part of Earth's outer core. [SEP] D. They will melt in magma chambers.

Answer: B


The first microscopes were built in the 1600s. Microscopes have improved since then, but still perform the same job. How do microscopes most help scientists? [SEP] A. They make small objects easier to see. [SEP] B. They make distant objects appear closer. [SEP] C. They reduce the glare from shiny objects. [SEP] D. The improve the brightness of dim objects.

Answer: A


What do plants take from the air that helps them make food? [SEP] A. oxygen [SEP] B. nitrogen [SEP] C. carbon dioxide [SEP] D. hydrogen peroxide

Answer: C


When a person sees something, what carries the message from the eyes to the brain? [SEP] A. arteries [SEP] B. glands [SEP] C. muscles [SEP] D. nerves [SEP] E. veins

Answer: D


Which of the following is an abiotic factor that can influence the quantity of fish a pond can support? [SEP] A. availability of plants [SEP] B. concentration of bacteria [SEP] C. quality of water [SEP] D. number of consumers

Answer: C


The islands in the mid-Pacific Ocean region were formed by [SEP] A. land subsidence. [SEP] B. deposition from currents. [SEP] C. wind and water erosion. [SEP] D. volcanic activity.

Answer: D


Which term identifies a single unit of hereditary information? [SEP] 1. egg cell [SEP] 2. sperm cell [SEP] 3. nucleus [SEP] 4. gene

Answer: 4


A mother hen clucks loudly when danger is near and her chicks quickly gather around her. Which sense helps the chicks receive this warning about danger from their mother? [SEP] A. smell [SEP] B. taste [SEP] C. sight [SEP] D. sound

Answer: D


Newly hatched turtles are easy prey for other animals. What is an important ability turtles have for better survival of their offspring? [SEP] A. to fight off predators [SEP] B. to produce a toxin that makes them taste bad [SEP] C. to lay hundreds of eggs so a few will survive [SEP] D. to dig a hole and hide from predators

Answer: C


Mr. Mendoza's class studied different body systems. What is an important function of the circulatory system? [SEP] A. providing structural support to muscles [SEP] B. carrying oxygen to cells [SEP] C. getting energy from food [SEP] D. sending messages to the brain

Answer: B


Which example shows a new substance being formed? [SEP] A. a candle burning [SEP] B. a shoelace being tied [SEP] C. a pipe being cut in half [SEP] D. a block of ice melting

Answer: A


What do all mammals have in common that distinguishes them from birds? [SEP] A. eyes [SEP] B. fur [SEP] C. a brain [SEP] D. a heart

Answer: B


Grooves running down the sides of a riverbank are most likely caused by [SEP] A. wind. [SEP] B. rocks. [SEP] C. leaves. [SEP] D. rainwater.

Answer: D


Which of the following best describes a mineral? [SEP] A. a solid natural material with a crystal structure [SEP] B. a material that was once living but has decayed [SEP] C. a liquid chemical used to make soil more fertile [SEP] D. a nutrient produced by plants that other organisms need

Answer: A


Plankton are tiny ocean organisms. The role of one type of plankton is to use the energy from the Sun to produce food that other animals eat. Which organism has the same role in the ocean as this type of plankton? [SEP] A. seaweed [SEP] B. turtle [SEP] C. dolphin [SEP] D. crab

Answer: A


How many times does the Moon rotate on its axis during a lunar month? [SEP] A. one [SEP] B. two [SEP] C. three [SEP] D. four

Answer: A


Changes to abiotic factors in an environment can impact biotic factors. Which statement is the BEST example of this situation? [SEP] A. Heavy rainfall increases soil erosion. [SEP] B. Melting glaciers cause sea levels to rise. [SEP] C. Cold temperatures cause rocks to weather. [SEP] D. Drought conditions increase competition among consumers.

Answer: D


There are several different types of rock. Each type of rock is formed under different conditions. How are sedimentary rocks, such as shale and sandstone, formed? [SEP] A. Particles are heated by the Sun. [SEP] B. Particles are melted together by magma. [SEP] C. Particles are compressed into layers. [SEP] D. Particles are changed into liquids.

Answer: C


Which disease is correctly paired with the cause of the disease? [SEP] A. athlete's foot - fungi [SEP] B. malaria - viruses [SEP] C. influenza - bacteria [SEP] D. pneumonia - protists

Answer: A


Unequal distribution of the hormone auxin in plants helps to regulate the direction of plant growth. Which of the following is accomplished by plants in regulating the distribution of auxin? [SEP] A. pollination of flowers [SEP] B. transportation of nutrients [SEP] C. discouraging predation [SEP] D. responding to the environment

Answer: D


Ten people became sick with the flu after attending a school dance. What is the scenario that could best explain how the people got sick? [SEP] A. contact with environmental sources [SEP] B. contact with an infected animal [SEP] C. contact with a contaminated object [SEP] D. contact with an infected person

Answer: D


One way to protect against food poisoning is to [SEP] A. cook food to proper temperatures. [SEP] B. combine different types of food. [SEP] C. store food in glass containers. [SEP] D. defrost meat slowly on the counter.

Answer: A


Which statement is a MAJOR mistake in the experimental design? [SEP] A. A control group was not used. [SEP] B. The same type of pot and soil was used. [SEP] C. Each plant received the same amount of water. [SEP] D. Too much data will be collected in three weeks.

Answer: A


Which effect do rapidly cooling temperatures have on the water cycle? [SEP] A. Water droplets evaporate into vapor. [SEP] B. Water vapor condenses into droplets. [SEP] C. Condensation evaporates into precipitation. [SEP] D. Precipitation condenses into water droplets.

Answer: B


A researcher found shark fossils on top of a mountain. This evidence suggests which of the following about this region? [SEP] A. It was once below a waterfall. [SEP] B. It was once part of a riverbed. [SEP] C. It was once covered by an ocean. [SEP] D. It was once near a freshwater lake.

Answer: C


A student is measuring the distance a car travels down a ramp using yards. Which measurement is most similar in length when using the metric system of measurement? [SEP] A. centimeter [SEP] B. kilometer [SEP] C. millimeter [SEP] D. meter

Answer: D


A marble is dropped in a glass of water. Which force pulls the marble to the bottom of the glass? [SEP] A. electricity [SEP] B. friction [SEP] C. gravity [SEP] D. magnetism

Answer: C


Which scientist formulated rules that describe the observable relationships of plant traits to the traits of the ancestor plants? [SEP] A. Linus Pauling [SEP] B. Gregor Mendel [SEP] C. James Watson [SEP] D. Albert Einstein

Answer: B


The invention of the telescope allowed which of the following to take place? [SEP] A. the discovery of cells [SEP] B. the identification of weather patterns [SEP] C. detailed observation of planets [SEP] D. communication between distant cities

Answer: C


Which instrument should a student use to measure exactly 10 milliliters (mL) of water? [SEP] A. graduated cylinder [SEP] B. pan balance [SEP] C. ruler [SEP] D. thermometer

Answer: A


A gas is heated and its temperature increases. What happens to the gas molecules? [SEP] A. They get bigger. [SEP] B. They move faster. [SEP] C. They move slower. [SEP] D. They increase in number.

Answer: B


Which tool is used to measure the diameter of a dime? [SEP] A. ruler [SEP] B. beaker [SEP] C. balance [SEP] D. compass

Answer: A


A rainforest area is experiencing a severe drought. As a consequence, the insect population has decreased. What will the insect-eating birds most likely do as a result of the drought? [SEP] A. stop searching for food until it begins to rain [SEP] B. begin reproducing to increase population [SEP] C. move to a new area to find food [SEP] D. start the process of hibernation

Answer: C


Which unit is used to indicate the amount of energy in food? [SEP] 1. ounce [SEP] 2. degree [SEP] 3. calorie [SEP] 4. gram

Answer: 3


Wire was looped several times around an iron nail, and the wire's ends were connected to a battery. For which of these will this device most likely be used? [SEP] A. to produce a heat source [SEP] B. to demonstrate frictional forces [SEP] C. to create a magnetic field [SEP] D. to generate a sound wave

Answer: C


Dust and ash entering the atmosphere as a result of volcanic eruptions can affect Earth's [SEP] 1. tidal activity [SEP] 2. orbital shape [SEP] 3. weather and climate [SEP] 4. rotation and revolution

Answer: 3


During which chemical process is energy absorbed? [SEP] A. iron nails rusting [SEP] B. candles burning [SEP] C. vegetables rotting [SEP] D. plants photosynthesizing

Answer: D


When two nuclei are combined into one nucleus, there is a slight change in mass and the release of a large amount of energy. What is this process called? [SEP] A. conversion [SEP] B. reaction [SEP] C. fission [SEP] D. fusion

Answer: D


The sound, light, and heat that a firecracker produces are originally stored as which type of energy? [SEP] A. nuclear energy [SEP] B. chemical energy [SEP] C. electrical energy [SEP] D. mechanical energy

Answer: B


Vehicle exhaust contains a form of pollution called particulate matter. Technologies are being developed to reduce the amount of particulate matter in exhaust. A vehicle that produces less particulate matter would have the greatest impact on which aspect of human health? [SEP] A. heart health [SEP] B. respiratory health [SEP] C. the rate of birth defects [SEP] D. weight and physical fitness

Answer: B


Janet learns that Earth is tilted. Due to its tilt, some areas on the surface of Earth experience darkness for an entire day. Which plant process is affected most during this darkness? [SEP] A. root growth [SEP] B. reproduction [SEP] C. photosynthesis [SEP] D. water absorption

Answer: C


What types of cells are found only in organisms that reproduce sexually? [SEP] A. blood cells [SEP] B. neurons [SEP] C. skin cells [SEP] D. gametes

Answer: D


Several dinosaur bones are discovered buried in volcanic ash. The type of dinosaur can best be identified by [SEP] A. knowing the location where the fossils were found. [SEP] B. establishing an inventory of bones collected. [SEP] C. comparing to characteristics of known dinosaurs. [SEP] D. knowing the absolute age of the fossils.

Answer: C


Stretching is considered an important step before engaging in sports. In an investigation to see whether stretching before physical exertion reduces sports injuries, who would the control group most likely be? [SEP] A. athletes who stretch before working out [SEP] B. non-athletes who stretch before working out [SEP] C. athletes who do not stretch before working out [SEP] D. non-athletes who do not stretch before working out

Answer: C


In the first half of this century, which technology allowed people, for the first time, to work IN the city but live OUTSIDE the city? [SEP] A. airplanes [SEP] B. automobiles [SEP] C. telephones [SEP] D. television

Answer: B


Most sedimentary rock is made from sediments of other rock. Which of these processes would the sediments most likely go through to form sedimentary rock? [SEP] A. compaction and cementation [SEP] B. folding and recrystallization [SEP] C. melting and solidifying [SEP] D. heating and pressure

Answer: A


Rocks and Earth and on the Moon are made of similar materials. What does this observation most likely suggest? [SEP] A. Both the Moon and Earth split off from the Sun. [SEP] B. Life must have existed on the Moon at one time. [SEP] C. The Moon was probably formed from material from Earth. [SEP] D. The whole solar system is made up of the same kinds of rocks.

Answer: C


In any ecosystem, organisms interact with biotic and abiotic parts of the environment. As a result of all of the interactions, the matter within the system is [SEP] A. produced when plants grow. [SEP] B. recycled when organisms die. [SEP] C. lost when animals and plants die. [SEP] D. formed when new animals are born.

Answer: B


Data indicate that chemical pollutants contaminate 53% of the waterways that empty into the Chesapeake Bay. These chemical pollutants are found in the tissues of animals living in the bay. Which group of people who live away from the bay might be most affected by these chemical pollutants? [SEP] A. people who walk near the bay [SEP] B. people who read books about the bay [SEP] C. people who consume fish from the bay [SEP] D. people who own boats docked in the bay

Answer: C


Which behavior can help animals establish a territory? [SEP] A. A caribou herd migrates seasonally. [SEP] B. A scent trail leads ants to a food source. [SEP] C. A wolf pack howls to warn other wolves to stay away. [SEP] D. A honeybee society divides the work between its members.

Answer: C


Arteries and veins are two important parts of the circulatory system. What is the relationship between arteries and veins? [SEP] A. They work together to exchange gases. [SEP] B. They work together to transport nutrients. [SEP] C. They work independently to remove wastes. [SEP] D. They work independently to relay messages.

Answer: B


Which function is a role of a feedback system? [SEP] A. stimulation of appetite [SEP] B. identification of gender [SEP] C. determination of blood type [SEP] D. regulation of growth in the skeletal system

Answer: D


Which technique will researchers studying the inheritance patterns of various disorders most likely use? [SEP] A. cladogram [SEP] B. DNA fingerprinting [SEP] C. gel electrophoresis [SEP] D. chromosomal analysis

Answer: D


If a lake is polluted, which organism would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants? [SEP] A. bass [SEP] B. minnows [SEP] C. aquatic plants [SEP] D. fish-eating birds

Answer: D


Which of these can only be found in a plant cell? [SEP] A. a nucleus [SEP] B. a vacuole [SEP] C. a chloroplast [SEP] D. a mitochondrion

Answer: C


The Milky Way Galaxy is visible as a bright region in the night sky. Modern telescopic observation has made it possible to discover that the brightness of the Milky Way Galaxy is due primarily to which structure? [SEP] A. clouds of hot gas [SEP] B. large numbers of stars [SEP] C. high energy compounds [SEP] D. extremely reflective ice particles

Answer: B


More sulfur dioxide is being added to the atmosphere. How will this most likely affect the hydrosphere? [SEP] A. There will be a decrease in sea level. [SEP] B. The acidity of the ocean will increase. [SEP] C. There will be an increase in fresh water. [SEP] D. The temperature of the oceans will decline.

Answer: B


Plants transform energy when they make their own food. Which type of energy is used by plants for making food? [SEP] A. electrical [SEP] B. heat [SEP] C. light [SEP] D. mechanical

Answer: C


Dominic placed a caterpillar in a container with different kinds of leaves. Which information should he record to find out what food this caterpillar eats? [SEP] A. the type of leaves the caterpillar has eaten [SEP] B. the amount of time for all the leaves to be eaten [SEP] C. the number of leaves that were put in the container [SEP] D. the number of minutes the caterpillar spends eating

Answer: A


Which class of elements best conducts electricity? [SEP] A. metals [SEP] B. nonmetals [SEP] C. semimetals [SEP] D. noble (inert) gases

Answer: A


What are the products in the chemical reaction below? NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H_{2}O [SEP] A. sodium hydroxide and hydrogen chloride [SEP] B. sodium chloride and water [SEP] C. sodium, chlorine, hydrogen, and oxygen [SEP] D. sodium, chlorine, and water

Answer: B


Termites eat wood but cannot digest it. Protozoans live in the termites' stomachs and use enzymes to break down the wood. The digested wood provides nutrition for both the termites and the protozoans. What type of relationship is this? [SEP] A. mutualism [SEP] B. parasitism [SEP] C. predation [SEP] D. commensalism

Answer: A


In the Adirondack forests of New York, some trees have died. The change in the forest is thought to be related to air pollution and rain. Which abiotic factor most likely has been changed as a result of the pollution and rain which resulted in the death of the trees? [SEP] A. a decrease in the amount of available oxygen [SEP] B. an increase in the amount of sunlight [SEP] C. a decrease in the pH of the soil [SEP] D. an increase in soil nutrients

Answer: C


The first step in the construction of a building typically involves [SEP] A. clearing the land. [SEP] B. setting the foundation. [SEP] C. servicing the structure. [SEP] D. installing utilities.

Answer: A


What biological concept was Mendel studying when he crossed pea plants many times over many generations? [SEP] A. imbalance in ecosystems [SEP] B. predator-prey relationships [SEP] C. dominant and recessive traits [SEP] D. male and female genetic differences

Answer: C


The following represents a number displayed on a calculator. 1.454545 E3. Which of the following shows how a student should record this number in a laboratory report? [SEP] A. (1.45)^3 [SEP] B. 1 5/11 [SEP] C. 1.45 x 10^3 [SEP] D. 1.45 x 3

Answer: C


In which process is nitrogen from the air put into a form that plants can use? [SEP] A. nitrification [SEP] B. denitrification [SEP] C. nitrogen saturation [SEP] D. nitrogen fixation

Answer: D


The surface of the Moon is covered with craters. Most of these craters were formed by [SEP] A. eruptions of active volcanoes [SEP] B. the impacts of many meteoroids [SEP] C. shifting rock on the Moon's surface ("moonquakes") [SEP] D. tidal forces caused by the Earth and Sun

Answer: B


Which event would most likely occur if the number of nitrogen fixing bacteria were reduced within an ecosystem? [SEP] A. plants would have more nitrates to take up [SEP] B. plants and animals would decompose faster [SEP] C. high levels of ammonia would accumulate in the soil [SEP] D. the level of nitrogen gas in the atmosphere would increase

Answer: D


Census data show that the human population doubled from 2.65 billion in 1953 to 5.3 billion in 1990. If it continues to double at this rate, the human population could reach 10 billion by the year 2020. Which best explains how this rate of human growth can harm the environment on which humans depend? [SEP] A. by gradually making up more available energy [SEP] B. by using resources faster than they can be replaced [SEP] C. by changing how matter cycles through an ecosystem [SEP] D. by increasing the variety of ecosystems that are supported

Answer: B


Bats find their prey at night using one of their senses to detect echoes. What does the bat send out to find prey? [SEP] A. odors [SEP] B. light [SEP] C. sound [SEP] D. electricity

Answer: C


Which two objects produce their own light? [SEP] A. candle and moon [SEP] B. moon and mirror [SEP] C. sun and candle [SEP] D. mirror and sun

Answer: C


Which example describes an organism taking in nutrients? [SEP] A. a dog burying a bone [SEP] B. a girl eating an apple [SEP] C. an insect crawling on a leaf [SEP] D. a boy planting tomatoes in a garden

Answer: B


In eukaryotic organisms, interaction between which organelles is most important for cell shape, tensile strength, and communication between cells? [SEP] A. cytoskeleton and cell membrane [SEP] B. cytoplasm and Golgi apparatus [SEP] C. nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum [SEP] D. ribosome and central vacuole

Answer: A


A radio station broadcasting across a large area is experiencing thunderstorms. How will the radio waves from the station be affected? [SEP] A. wavelength will be increased [SEP] B. amplitude will be unchanged [SEP] C. frequency will be distorted [SEP] D. speed will be decreased

Answer: C


An electrical circuit can be used to break down water into hydrogen and oxygen. In this process, electrical energy produces [SEP] A. kinetic energy. [SEP] B. physical changes. [SEP] C. chemical changes. [SEP] D. potential energy.

Answer: C


Which method could be used to separate a solution of table salt and water? [SEP] A. mixing [SEP] B. settling [SEP] C. filtration [SEP] D. evaporation

Answer: D


Which is an example of light being reflected? [SEP] A. taking a picture [SEP] B. using a magnifying glass [SEP] C. looking into a mirror [SEP] D. using eyeglasses

Answer: C


What is the MAJOR role of the Sun in the water cycle? [SEP] A. It causes evaporation. [SEP] B. It allows plants to grow. [SEP] C. It provides heat for organisms. [SEP] D. It transmits light.

Answer: A


Which activity is an example of a chemical change? [SEP] 1. dissolving table salt in water [SEP] 2. hammering aluminum into thin sheets [SEP] 3. melting gold to make jewelry [SEP] 4. burning wood to produce ashes

Answer: 4


A city has a temperature of 75 °F, with partly cloudy skies. Weather forecasters are predicting that the air pressure and temperature will drop during the day. Which type of weather is most likely for this area in the late afternoon? [SEP] A. rainy. [SEP] B. sunny. [SEP] C. snowing. [SEP] D. hailing.

Answer: A


In Maryland, most bears have thick, dark fur. Which statement best explains how dark fur helps bears survive in the forests of Maryland? [SEP] A. Dark fur is lightweight. [SEP] B. Dark fur scares enemies. [SEP] C. Dark fur helps bears hide. [SEP] D. Dark fur keeps bears cool.

Answer: C


Nicole was studying different ecosystems. She compared the number of plants living in a forest to those in a desert. Which factor best explains why more plants may survive in a forest? [SEP] A. There is more rain in the forest. [SEP] B. There is more oxygen in the forest. [SEP] C. There is more sunlight in the forest. [SEP] D. There is more competition in the forest.

Answer: A


A short plant with a thick, fleshy stem, extensive roots, and a short blooming period would most likely be found in which of the following environments? [SEP] A. prairie [SEP] B. desert [SEP] C. coniferous forest [SEP] D. deciduous forest

Answer: B


What happens when oil is placed in water? [SEP] A. Some oil sinks below the surface. [SEP] B. Oil droplets form in the water. [SEP] C. The oil and water mix together. [SEP] D. The oil floats on top of the water.

Answer: D


A decomposer is an organism that [SEP] A. hunts and eats animals [SEP] B. migrates for the winter [SEP] C. breaks down dead plants and animals [SEP] D. uses water and sunlight to make food

Answer: C


Which of the following correctly orders part of a fish's respiratory system from the least complex to most complex? [SEP] A. cells -> gills -> tissues [SEP] B. cells -> tissues -> gills [SEP] C. gills -> tissues -> cells [SEP] D. tissues -> gills -> cells

Answer: B


Most birds sit on their eggs until they hatch. Which of these is the most important reason why birds sit on their eggs? [SEP] A. to keep the eggs inside the nest [SEP] B. to keep the eggs warm [SEP] C. to protect the eggs from the wind [SEP] D. to protect the eggs from the rain

Answer: B


A lab technician places a colony of bacterial cells in a nutrient-rich growth medium. Which event is the technician most likely to observe with a microscope? [SEP] A. cell division [SEP] B. cellular respiration [SEP] C. heat production [SEP] D. food storage

Answer: A


When sound waves with large amplitude are compared to sound waves with small amplitude, which of the following is true? [SEP] A. Sound waves with large amplitudes have less energy and sound quieter. [SEP] B. Sound waves with large amplitudes have more energy and sound louder. [SEP] C. Sound waves with large amplitudes have the same energy and sound quieter. [SEP] D. Sound waves with large amplitudes have the same energy and sound louder.

Answer: B


Vinegar and water are placed in a container and stirred. What is formed when they are mixed? [SEP] A. gas [SEP] B. solid [SEP] C. solution [SEP] D. compound

Answer: C


Which of the following best describes the climate of an area? [SEP] A. the high temperature and wind speed for six months [SEP] B. the high temperature and wind speed each day for one year [SEP] C. the temperature and precipitation every hour for one day [SEP] D. the average temperature and total precipitation each month for ten years

Answer: D


Salt and pepper are placed together in a container. When the container is shaken, the salt and pepper become a [SEP] A. liquid. [SEP] B. mixture. [SEP] C. solution. [SEP] D. suspension.

Answer: B


All natural resources on Earth are either renewable or nonrenewable. Whether a resource is renewable or nonrenewable depends on how fast or slow the resource is replaced. If the resource is used faster than it is replaced, then the resource will, in time, disappear. Which statement describes the use of a renewable natural resource? [SEP] A. A home burns natural gas for heat. [SEP] B. A city burns coal to generate electricity. [SEP] C. A farmer plants different types of crops to protect the soil. [SEP] D. A construction crew builds a road from rock, sand, and gravel.

Answer: C


Which of the following statements best explains why earthquakes occur more frequently in California than in Massachusetts? [SEP] A. The rock found in California is igneous, but the rock found in Massachusetts is sedimentary. [SEP] B. California is located on the boundary of two crustal plates, but Massachusetts is not. [SEP] C. The rock under California is soft, but the rock under Massachusetts is hard. [SEP] D. California is located on a continental plate, but Massachusetts is not.

Answer: B


Which of these describes a chemical change? [SEP] A. water freezing [SEP] B. paper burning [SEP] C. water becoming steam [SEP] D. paper being torn

Answer: B


A large tree was cut down with a saw. What is the best way to estimate the age of this tree? [SEP] A. measure the height of the tree [SEP] B. measure the thickness of the bark [SEP] C. count the number of rings in the trunk [SEP] D. count the branches growing from the trunk

Answer: C


From smallest to largest, the levels of organization in living things are [SEP] A. tissues, cells, organs, organ systems. [SEP] B. tissues, cells, organ systems, organs. [SEP] C. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems. [SEP] D. cells, tissues, organ systems, organs.

Answer: C


Which object is nonliving? [SEP] A. bear [SEP] B. bicycle [SEP] C. bird [SEP] D. butterfly

Answer: B


What happens when oil and water are mixed? [SEP] A. The mixture changes color. [SEP] B. The water becomes cloudy. [SEP] C. The oil dissolves in the water. [SEP] D. The oil and water remain separate.

Answer: D


Students measure the time for toy cars of different masses to roll down a hill. Which of the following units should the students use to measure time? [SEP] A. centimeters [SEP] B. grams [SEP] C. milliliters [SEP] D. seconds

Answer: D


A homeowner wants to use a renewable resource to heat the home. Which resource would be the best to use? [SEP] A. coal [SEP] B. gas [SEP] C. oil [SEP] D. solar

Answer: D


Which of the following animal features most helps the animal move around in its habitat? [SEP] A. A bird's sharp beak [SEP] B. A cow's tail [SEP] C. A sea turtle's flippers [SEP] D. A black bear's fur

Answer: C


A student observes cells in an object by using a microscope. The student thinks that the object was part of a living thing. Which statement explains why cell theory can be used to support the student's thinking? [SEP] A. Cell theory was developed using a microscope. [SEP] B. Cell theory was developed to study living things. [SEP] C. Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells. [SEP] D. Cell theory states that scientists may classify things as living or nonliving.

Answer: C


A researcher observes that an organism placed in a glass container filled with water moves away when a penlight is focused on the container. The researcher concludes that the organism is light sensitive. Which other explanation for the organism's response to the light is most possible? [SEP] A. The organism avoids radio waves. [SEP] B. The organism avoids gamma rays. [SEP] C. The organism moves away from vibrations. [SEP] D. The organism moves away from heat sources.

Answer: D


Which behavior is an example of an animal adapting to a change in the environment? [SEP] A. a squirrel climbing a tree [SEP] B. a rabbit feeding its young [SEP] C. a frog eating an insect [SEP] D. a bird migrating south

Answer: D


Mitochondria are cell organelles that play a large role in energy processes within the body. Which cells are most likely to have a greater amount of mitochondria? [SEP] A. skin [SEP] B. bone [SEP] C. blood [SEP] D. muscle

Answer: D


Which would be the best method to use to dispose of cardboard boxes not utilized by a local grocery store? [SEP] A. burn them once a month [SEP] B. send them to be dumped in a remote area [SEP] C. have them recycled for future paper products [SEP] D. put them into a dumpster with the rest of the trash

Answer: C


Which item is used for protection from chemical splashing? [SEP] A. compass [SEP] B. hand lens [SEP] C. microscope [SEP] D. safety goggles

Answer: D


Which processes change magma into igneous rock? [SEP] A. cooling and crystallization [SEP] B. compaction and cementation [SEP] C. heat and pressure [SEP] D. weathering and erosion

Answer: A


Sophie investigates the water supply at her school and the things that affect it. Which action is a direct observation? [SEP] A. tasting water from a water fountain [SEP] B. reading water test results [SEP] C. studying the rules for purifying water [SEP] D. investigating causes of water pollution

Answer: A


Two identical books are on opposite ends of a table. Which of these would increase the gravitational force exerted between the two books? [SEP] A. decrease the distance between the books [SEP] B. decrease the mass of the books [SEP] C. decrease the mass of the table [SEP] D. decrease the temperature in the room

Answer: A


When a guitar string is plucked, sound is produced by [SEP] A. the size of the guitar. [SEP] B. the metal on the guitar. [SEP] C. the wood on the guitar. [SEP] D. the vibrations of the string.

Answer: D


What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis? [SEP] A. absorbing oxygen [SEP] B. reflecting green light [SEP] C. absorbing light energy [SEP] D. blocking carbon dioxide

Answer: C


Which tool should a student use to compare the masses of two small rocks? [SEP] A. balance [SEP] B. hand lens [SEP] C. ruler [SEP] D. measuring cup

Answer: A


Which is an example of a chemical reaction? [SEP] A. Vinegar added to baking soda forms a gas. [SEP] B. Water evaporates into air. [SEP] C. Sugar dissolves in water. [SEP] D. Corn kernels are crushed to form flour.

Answer: A


Which type of evidence would a geologist need to support plate tectonic theory? [SEP] A. plant fossils that are similar in size [SEP] B. the weathering and erosion of coastlines [SEP] C. new crust formed by the sea floor spreading [SEP] D. rocks with different physical appearances

Answer: C


An example of a learned trait is [SEP] A. being able to read [SEP] B. being able to breathe [SEP] C. having a scar [SEP] D. having brown eyes

Answer: A


Angelo wants to know if the volume of water changes when it freezes. He measures the volume of water in its liquid state and then freezes it. Which tool did Angelo most likely use to measure the volume of the water? [SEP] A. a microscope [SEP] B. a thermometer [SEP] C. a balance scale [SEP] D. a graduated cylinder

Answer: D


In order for a glider to fly, its weight must be opposed by [SEP] A. lift. [SEP] B. drag. [SEP] C. gravity. [SEP] D. friction.

Answer: A


Why does the leaf of a plant look green? [SEP] A. Because it absorbs green light [SEP] B. Because it reflects green light [SEP] C. Because it absorbs only yellow and blue light [SEP] D. Because it reflects a mixture of yellow and blue light

Answer: B


Which statement best describes the nature of sound? [SEP] A. Sound travels fastest in air. [SEP] B. Sound travels faster than light. [SEP] C. Sound travels as longitudinal waves. [SEP] D. Sound travels as transverse waves.

Answer: C


Which of these provides most of the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere? [SEP] A. coral reefs [SEP] B. rainforest plants [SEP] C. ocean phytoplankton [SEP] D. continental grasslands

Answer: C


A solution of lead (II) nitrate reacts with a solution of sodium iodide to produce a yellow solid of lead (II) iodide and aqueous sodium nitrate. Which of these illustrates the reaction? [SEP] A. Pb(NO_{3})_{2}(aq) + 2NaI(aq) -> PbI_{2}(s) + 2NaNO_{3}(aq) [SEP] B. L_{2}N(aq) + SI(aq) -> L_{2}I(s) + SN(aq) [SEP] C. Pb_{2}N(aq) + NaI(aq) -> Pb_{2}I(s) NaN(aq) [SEP] D. Fe(NO_{3})_{2}(aq) + 2NaI(aq) -> FeI_{2} + 2NaNO_{3}(aq)

Answer: A


A meteoroid becomes a meteorite when it [SEP] A. impacts the surface of a planet. [SEP] B. encounters the atmosphere of a planet. [SEP] C. makes a complete orbit around a planet. [SEP] D. starts to burn up in the atmosphere of a planet.

Answer: A


Which force causes rocks to roll downhill? [SEP] A. gravity [SEP] B. friction [SEP] C. erosion [SEP] D. magnetism

Answer: A


Infectious diseases are caused by [SEP] 1. allergies [SEP] 2. vitamin deficiencies [SEP] 3. chemical spills [SEP] 4. microorganisms

Answer: 4


A water wave that occurs in an ocean is an example of which type of wave? [SEP] A. electromagnetic [SEP] B. gravitational [SEP] C. transverse [SEP] D. seismic

Answer: C


Which of the following is an example of how insects are beneficial to humans? [SEP] A. Insects can spread diseases. [SEP] B. Insects have short life spans. [SEP] C. Insects pollinate flowering plants. [SEP] D. Insects sometimes eat poisonous plants.

Answer: C


In a closed system, what happens to the total energy of the system as energy conversions take place? [SEP] A. It increases. [SEP] B. It decreases. [SEP] C. It remains constant. [SEP] D. It is transferred out of the system.

Answer: C


Which of these organisms is a producer in a marine ecosystem? [SEP] A. fish [SEP] B. gull [SEP] C. algae [SEP] D. worm

Answer: C


Which of the following describes a reason why companies irradiate some fruits and vegetables before they are sold to the public? [SEP] A. to improve the flavors by increasing the sugar content [SEP] B. to speed up the ripening of produce picked too early [SEP] C. to partially cook the produce before canning or freezing [SEP] D. to extend the shelf life by killing existing microorganisms

Answer: D


A glacier is a slow moving river of ice. How does a glacier help create soil? [SEP] A. It scrapes small particles off large rocks. [SEP] B. It carries plants down mountains and to oceans. [SEP] C. It melts and becomes part of streams and rivers. [SEP] D. It freezes small particles of dirt to form large rocks.

Answer: A


During winter months, Amina sometimes notices ice covering the hoods of parked cars. Once the engine of the car runs for a while, the ice on the hood begins to melt. What form of energy is released from the car engine to melt the ice? [SEP] A. chemical [SEP] B. electrical [SEP] C. heat [SEP] D. light

Answer: C


A student notices dogs have more fleas in the summer than in the winter. Based on these observations, which is the most logical question for the student to investigate? [SEP] A. How does wind affect the amount of fleas on dogs? [SEP] B. How does diet affect the amount of fleas on dogs? [SEP] C. How does rain affect the amount of fleas on dogs? [SEP] D. How does temperature affect the amount of fleas on dogs?

Answer: D


According to the periodic table, all of the following are metals except [SEP] A. sodium [SEP] B. zinc [SEP] C. fluorine [SEP] D. calcium

Answer: C


A squid is an animal that lives in the ocean. It pumps a stream of water out of its body, causing it to move rapidly. Which of the following mechanical systems moves in a way most similar to the squid? [SEP] A. a bus [SEP] B. a helicopter [SEP] C. a rocket [SEP] D. a train

Answer: C


When the wax from a candle drips, the wax has reached [SEP] A. its boiling point. [SEP] B. its melting point. [SEP] C. a chemical change. [SEP] D. a physical change.

Answer: B


In the morning, students observed puddles of water all over the playground. What would best explain why the playground was dry in the afternoon? [SEP] A. Animals drank the water. [SEP] B. The wind stopped blowing. [SEP] C. Someone dried the puddles. [SEP] D. The water evaporated during the day.

Answer: D


Many areas of Massachusetts have small deep ponds called kettle ponds. Which of the following best explains the formation of these ponds? [SEP] A. avalanche [SEP] B. wind erosion [SEP] C. glacial depression [SEP] D. sediment deposition

Answer: C


What relationship exists between a dog and its fleas? [SEP] A. commensalism [SEP] B. gradualism [SEP] C. mutualism [SEP] D. parasitism

Answer: D


Which of the following could limit the supply of a renewable resource? [SEP] A. recycling aluminum cans [SEP] B. cutting down trees in forests [SEP] C. mining minerals such as gold [SEP] D. conserving freshwater resources

Answer: B


Which statement best describes the energy transformations that occur when a candle burns? [SEP] A. Heat energy from the wax is converted into chemical and light energy. [SEP] B. Heat energy from the air is converted into mechanical and light energy. [SEP] C. Chemical energy from the wax is converted into light and heat energy. [SEP] D. Chemical energy from the air is converted into mechanical and light energy.

Answer: C


Pesticides and fertilizers can help farmers to produce more crops. However, overuse of these chemicals can result in [SEP] 1. ecological succession [SEP] 2. material recycling [SEP] 3. environmental pollution [SEP] 4. selective breeding

Answer: 3


What type of energy travels through the body of a microscope that allows the specimen to be seen by a student? [SEP] A. heat [SEP] B. solar [SEP] C. light [SEP] D. electrical

Answer: C


A powder made up of both white specks and black specks is likely to be [SEP] A. a solution [SEP] B. a pure compound [SEP] C. a mixture [SEP] D. an element

Answer: C


In the past, wild hogs called "javelinas" were seen only in the southern part of New Mexico. Now, javelinas are seen in areas 100 miles further north. What is the most likely cause of this expansion? [SEP] A. Javelinas are reproducing less frequently. [SEP] B. Environmental conditions have changed. [SEP] C. The javelina's genetic traits have mutated. [SEP] D. Nutritional requirements of javelinas have changed.

Answer: B


Which is the best example of a pure substance? [SEP] A. peanuts [SEP] B. milk [SEP] C. gold [SEP] D. air

Answer: C


Which tool would best help a person observe the parts of a plant cell? [SEP] A. hand lens [SEP] B. telescope [SEP] C. binoculars [SEP] D. microscope

Answer: D


The energy stored in the bonds of a glucose molecule during photosynthesis is in what form? [SEP] A. chemical [SEP] B. electrical [SEP] C. kinetic [SEP] D. light

Answer: A


What happens to water molecules during the boiling process? [SEP] A. They move faster and move farther apart as they absorb heat. [SEP] B. They move faster and remain close together as they absorb heat. [SEP] C. They move more slowly but move farther apart as they lose heat. [SEP] D. They move faster and move farther apart as they lose heat.

Answer: A


Evidence suggests that there is a relationship between ancient dinosaurs and modern birds. Through time, each occurrence of a new trait most likely resulted from which of the following? [SEP] A. mutation of genes [SEP] B. hybridization of species [SEP] C. extinction of populations [SEP] D. alteration of the environment

Answer: A


Which of the following can cause erosion? [SEP] A. falling leaves [SEP] B. flowing water [SEP] C. growing grass [SEP] D. rising temperatures

Answer: B


Living things are classified as producers or consumers according to [SEP] 1. their speed of movement [SEP] 2. the size of their communities [SEP] 3. how they obtain food [SEP] 4. how they reproduce

Answer: 3


A hydrologist studies the location, movement, and quality of water. A hydrologist recognizes the importance that water exists as ___. [SEP] A. a solid, a liquid, and a gas (vapor) [SEP] B. a solid and a liquid [SEP] C. a solid and a gas (vapor) [SEP] D. a solid only

Answer: A


Which of these can be recycled in an attempt to conserve resources? [SEP] A. gasoline [SEP] B. sunlight [SEP] C. aluminum [SEP] D. natural gas

Answer: C


This in turn causes the average temperature on Earth to rise. Which of the following observations supports that theory? [SEP] A. The summer of 1998 was one of the hottest summer seasons on record. [SEP] B. Carbon dioxide gas from cars and industry is a product of burning that produces heat. [SEP] C. Carbon dioxide in the upper atmosphere absorbs and re-emits heat radiated from Earth's surface. [SEP] D. Radiation on Earth's surface is increasing because of a hole in the ozone layers.

Answer: C


Which of these can be mined from Earth and used as an energy source? [SEP] A. Coal [SEP] B. Gravel [SEP] C. Granite [SEP] D. Limestone

Answer: A


Which tool is used to determine how long it takes warm water to melt an ice cube? [SEP] A. a scale [SEP] B. a stopwatch [SEP] C. a calculator [SEP] D. a thermometer

Answer: B


Two scientists doing the same experiment got different results. Which would be the best way to figure out which result might be correct? [SEP] A. A group of scientists should argue about the results. [SEP] B. The two scientists should do different experiments. [SEP] C. More scientists should do the experiment. [SEP] D. A group of scientists should vote.

Answer: C


A lipid bilayer allows certain molecules to pass through and blocks other molecules. Which structure is most often protected by a lipid bilayer? [SEP] A. cell [SEP] B. organ [SEP] C. tissue [SEP] D. system

Answer: A


Traits are transferred from generation to generation through the [SEP] A. sperm only [SEP] B. egg only [SEP] C. sperm and the egg [SEP] D. testes

Answer: C


Many scientists theorize that global warming will melt the polar ice caps. What would most likely happen if the polar ice caps melted? [SEP] A. Ocean levels would increase. [SEP] B. Human population would increase. [SEP] C. Vegetation in water would decrease. [SEP] D. Global precipitation would decrease.

Answer: A


Which of the following groups of organisms uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen? [SEP] A. carnivores [SEP] B. decomposers [SEP] C. herbivores [SEP] D. producers

Answer: D


What is the first step in designing a product? [SEP] A. model a solution [SEP] B. communicate the solution [SEP] C. identify the need or want [SEP] D. build a prototype

Answer: C


Solids that are combined together and maintain their physical properties are best labeled as a [SEP] A. solute. [SEP] B. mixture. [SEP] C. solvent. [SEP] D. compound.

Answer: B


A group of vertebrates has lungs, a body covered with scales, internal fertilization, and amniotic eggs. Which group of vertebrates does this describe? [SEP] A. amphibians [SEP] B. birds [SEP] C. mammals [SEP] D. reptiles

Answer: D


The brain, spinal cord, and nerves are organs that perform which primary function? [SEP] A. supporting the body and enabling it to move [SEP] B. transporting oxygen, wastes, and nutrients throughout the body [SEP] C. producing male and female gametes [SEP] D. conducting messages to coordinate body functions

Answer: D


Mammals must eliminate waste products that their bodies produce. Which organ helps mammals eliminate bodily waste? [SEP] A. appendix [SEP] B. kidney [SEP] C. pancreas [SEP] D. stomach

Answer: B


A pot is heated on a stove. Which process causes the metal handle of the pot to also become hot? [SEP] A. combustion [SEP] B. convection [SEP] C. radiation [SEP] D. conduction

Answer: D


In making a pizza, which process involves a chemical change? [SEP] A. mixing spices for the sauce [SEP] B. slicing pepperoni for the topping [SEP] C. spreading cheese on the pizza [SEP] D. baking the dough to form the crust

Answer: D


Base your answers on the information below. One hot, summer day it rained very heavily. After the rain, a plastic pan on a picnic table had 2 cm of rainwater in it. Four hours later, all the rainwater in the pan was gone. Which process caused the rainwater in the pan to disappear as it sat outside in the hot air? [SEP] A. condensation [SEP] B. evaporation [SEP] C. precipitation [SEP] D. erosion

Answer: B


Which process must occur for clouds to form? [SEP] 1. erosion [SEP] 2. conduction [SEP] 3. condensation [SEP] 4. precipitation

Answer: 3


In 1918, an outbreak of influenza infected 500,000 people all over the world. Tens of millions of those infected died. In 1994, an outbreak of pneumonic plague spread quickly through the city of Surat in India, killing 52 people. Which statement best describes the two events? [SEP] A. Both outbreaks were pandemics. [SEP] B. Both outbreaks were epidemics. [SEP] C. The influenza outbreak was a pandemic. The plague outbreak was an epidemic. [SEP] D. The influenza outbreak was an epidemic. The plague outbreak was a pandemic.

Answer: C


On the periodic table, the elements in group 18 (8A) (helium, neon, argon, etc.) are grouped together because [SEP] A. they are lighter than air. [SEP] B. they have full outer electron shells. [SEP] C. they have excess electrons to share. [SEP] D. they easily react with other elements.

Answer: B


Which of the following is a consumer? [SEP] A. grain [SEP] B. rabbit [SEP] C. vegetable [SEP] D. tree

Answer: B


Which statement explains why light from the Sun can warm up water in a glass? [SEP] A. Light travels very fast. [SEP] B. Light travels in straight lines. [SEP] C. Water reflects light energy. [SEP] D. Water absorbs light energy.

Answer: D


Which characteristic is an example of learned behavior? [SEP] A. a bear hibernating in the winter [SEP] B. a spider spinning a web in a tree [SEP] C. a butterfly migrating to the south [SEP] D. a dog scratching at a door to go out

Answer: D


Which of these is a negative effect associated with some types of new technology? [SEP] A. increased worker productivity [SEP] B. faster diagnosis of medical problems [SEP] C. less time required to find information [SEP] D. decreased physical activity

Answer: D


What is the main source of energy for the water cycle? [SEP] A. electricity [SEP] B. erosion [SEP] C. gravity [SEP] D. sunlight

Answer: D


Sharpening a pencil and tearing paper are examples of physical changes. Which statement describes why these are physical changes? [SEP] A. There is a change in how the objects are used. [SEP] B. There is a change in the appearance of the objects. [SEP] C. There is a change in the materials from which the objects are made. [SEP] D. There is a change in both the appearance of the objects and the materials from which they are made.

Answer: B


Air in the atmosphere is heated unevenly by the sun, causing [SEP] A. wind patterns. [SEP] B. cloud formation. [SEP] C. volcanic activity. [SEP] D. water condensation.

Answer: A


Which sense is used to determine an object's texture? [SEP] A. hearing [SEP] B. smell [SEP] C. taste [SEP] D. touch

Answer: D


Which statement describes a method of sexual reproduction that occurs in plants? [SEP] 1. Stem cuttings are placed in water and grow roots. [SEP] 2. Seeds are produced from the flower of the plant. [SEP] 3. Underground stems from a plant grow into new plants. [SEP] 4. A leaf falls to the soil, develops roots, and grows.

Answer: 2


Campers shouted toward a canyon wall. What characteristic of sound best explains why the campers heard an echo? [SEP] A. Sound waves traveled slowly down the canyon. [SEP] B. Sound waves were absorbed by the canyon wall. [SEP] C. Sound waves reflected off the canyon wall. [SEP] D. Sound waves were refracted around the canyon.

Answer: C


A recent scientific study funded by a medical corporation concluded that its product is not as harmful as consumers have reported. Identify a possible problem with this study. [SEP] A. Corporate scientists have less training than other scientists. [SEP] B. The results of the study may be influenced by bias. [SEP] C. Privately funded science is not verified by other scientists. [SEP] D. The study cannot be repeated with the same results.

Answer: B


Nerve cells transmitting messages to the body best demonstrate which primary function? [SEP] A. the transfer of energy [SEP] B. the exchange of gases [SEP] C. the elimination of waste [SEP] D. the absorption of nutrients

Answer: A


A drinking water reservoir for a small town develops a blue-green algae bloom. The town hires a company to eliminate the problem. Which of the following should the company investigate first as a likely source of the problem? [SEP] A. a pit where granite is ground up into gravel [SEP] B. a neighborhood where lawn chemicals are used [SEP] C. a junkyard where old cars are salvaged for parts [SEP] D. a grain elevator where corn and soybeans are stored

Answer: B


What travels through the stem of a plant? [SEP] A. water and food [SEP] B. food and nectar [SEP] C. nectar and soil [SEP] D. soil and water

Answer: A


Which of these is an inherited behavior? [SEP] A. a seal balancing a ball [SEP] B. a dog getting the newspaper [SEP] C. a spider spinning a web [SEP] D. an ape using sign language

Answer: C


In 1987, a supernova was detected in the Large Magellanic Cloud galaxy, which is approximately 169,000 light years from Earth. Which event produces a supernova? [SEP] A. the explosion of a massive star [SEP] B. the birth of a main-sequence star [SEP] C. the collapse of a medium-sized star [SEP] D. the collision of one star with another

Answer: A


Extinction of a species is most likely to occur as a result of [SEP] 1. evolution [SEP] 2. migration [SEP] 3. selective breeding [SEP] 4. environmental changes

Answer: 4


When water vapor rises and cools, the liquid water in the air comes together forming [SEP] A. wind. [SEP] B. clouds. [SEP] C. lightning. [SEP] D. tornadoes.

Answer: B


Which of the following allows materials to enter and leave a cell? [SEP] A. cell wall [SEP] B. mitochondria [SEP] C. vacuole [SEP] D. cell membrane

Answer: D


Sandy and Keith plan to move a 6-kilogram block. If they wanted to calculate the mechanical energy required to move the block, what units would they use to report their answer? [SEP] A. joules [SEP] B. kilowatts [SEP] C. kilometers [SEP] D. volts

Answer: A


DNA stores the genetic instructions transferred from one generation to the next. What is DNA? [SEP] A. a molecule [SEP] B. a membrane [SEP] C. a cell nucleus [SEP] D. a spiral-shaped cell

Answer: A


Which list is correctly ordered from smallest to largest? [SEP] A. Biosphere, organism, ecosystem, population [SEP] B. Community, organism, ecosystem, biosphere [SEP] C. Organism, population, community, ecosystem [SEP] D. Population, ecosystem, community, biosphere

Answer: C


Which of the following has the greatest effect on the ability of soil to hold water? [SEP] A. the age of the soil particles [SEP] B. the size of the soil particles [SEP] C. the color of the soil particles [SEP] D. the luster of the soil particles

Answer: B


The Water Quality Act of 1987 required the development of standards that would prevent toxic pollutants from reaching dangerous levels in bodies of water. This act affected the amounts of toxic chemicals that could be discharged into bodies of water. Which of the following would have been most regulated by this act? [SEP] A. feed lots [SEP] B. private homes [SEP] C. paper mills [SEP] D. grocery stores

Answer: C


Which element is necessary for the formation of coal? [SEP] A. crushed rocks [SEP] B. flowing water [SEP] C. dead animals [SEP] D. decaying vegetation

Answer: D


Some ancient Greeks tried to discover the laws of the universe through thought and logic. Which part of the scientific process were these scientists missing? [SEP] A. analysis [SEP] B. experiment [SEP] C. conclusion [SEP] D. observation

Answer: B


Which best describes a characteristic of the jet stream? [SEP] A. It forms a boundary between a cold air mass and a warm air mass. [SEP] B. It creates the high winds around the eye of a hurricane. [SEP] C. It forces the hot air along the equator to rise to areas in North America. [SEP] D. It causes high pressure air masses to rotate clockwise.

Answer: A


Single-celled organisms can reproduce and create cells exactly like themselves without combining genes from two different parent cells. When they do this, they use a type of [SEP] A. asexual reproduction. [SEP] B. gamete formation. [SEP] C. natural selection. [SEP] D. sexual reproduction.

Answer: A


Most stars are similar to each other in [SEP] A. brightness. [SEP] B. composition. [SEP] C. diameter. [SEP] D. temperature.

Answer: B


Which BEST explains why green marine algae are most often restricted to the top 100 meters of the ocean? [SEP] A. They have no roots to anchor them to the ocean floor. [SEP] B. They can live only where there is light. [SEP] C. The pressure is too great for them to survive below 100 meters. [SEP] D. If the algae lived below 100 meters they would be eaten by animals.

Answer: B


Which of these locations in the solar system contains the most asteroids? [SEP] A. the surface of the Sun [SEP] B. the ring system of Saturn [SEP] C. between Mars and Jupiter [SEP] D. between Mercury and Venus

Answer: C


The body is able to detect pressure on its surface by which direct means? [SEP] A. releasing of hormones in skin [SEP] B. changing in volume of fat and muscle cells [SEP] C. signaling by sensory neurons [SEP] D. changing of voltage in interneurons

Answer: C


Which of these is an organism that is unicellular? [SEP] A. virus [SEP] B. amoeba [SEP] C. mushroom [SEP] D. ant

Answer: B


Mark wants to make lemonade for his friends. He uses water, lemon juice, and sugar. Which of these best describes the lemonade? [SEP] A. a mixture [SEP] B. a metal [SEP] C. an element [SEP] D. a compound

Answer: A


Sandra puts some pill bugs into an open box. She covers half the box with a piece of cardboard. She then places the box outside on a summer day, and all the pill bugs move under the cardboard. The pill bugs are most likely responding to which of the following? [SEP] A. air pressure [SEP] B. bright light [SEP] C. wind [SEP] D. fog

Answer: B


During science class, students combined 1 kg of iron filings with 1 kg of sand to create a mixture. Which of the following methods would be best for separating the iron filings from the sand? [SEP] A. Stir the mixture into hot water to dissolve the sand. [SEP] B. Strain the mixture through a paper filter to collect the sand. [SEP] C. Drag a magnet through the mixture to attract the iron filings. [SEP] D. Shake the mixture to cause the iron filings to settle to the bottom.

Answer: C


Which is the thickest layer of Earth? [SEP] A. crust [SEP] B. inner core [SEP] C. mantle [SEP] D. outer core

Answer: C


Wind can cause erosion that changes the surface of the Earth. Wind erosion can have negative effects on the environment by removing soil and polluting the air during dust storms. Which of the following land forms are created by wind erosion? [SEP] A. arches and faults [SEP] B. sand dunes and arches [SEP] C. meanders and moraines [SEP] D. moraines and sand dunes

Answer: B


Deer eat different types of plants in an ecosystem. Which method would best show the percentages of the plant types in the deer diet? [SEP] A. pie chart [SEP] B. bar graph [SEP] C. line graph [SEP] D. scatterplot

Answer: A


How does a human body get energy? [SEP] A. Sunlight on the skin produces energy. [SEP] B. Water provides the majority of energy. [SEP] C. Food and oxygen combine to deliver energy. [SEP] D. Sleep provides energy stored at night for the next day.

Answer: C


Some birds fly south before winter each year. This is an example of [SEP] A. migration [SEP] B. hibernation [SEP] C. germination [SEP] D. evaporation

Answer: A


Which system supports the body, protects internal organs, and makes blood cells? [SEP] A. muscular system [SEP] B. circulatory system [SEP] C. nervous system [SEP] D. skeletal system

Answer: D


The smallest particle of an element is [SEP] A. an atom. [SEP] B. a mixture. [SEP] C. a molecule. [SEP] D. a compound.

Answer: A


A student is writing a report on volcanoes. What should the student include to best help explain how a volcano works? [SEP] A. a photograph of an active volcano [SEP] B. a map showing the location of a volcano [SEP] C. a table of famous volcanoes and last known eruptions [SEP] D. a diagram showing the structure of a volcano

Answer: D


Base your answer on the information below and on your knowledge of science. A baseball strikes the roof of a car and dents it. The paint on the roof begins to crack and chip, exposing the metal. The exposed metal on the roof rusts, eventually causing a small hole in the roof. Which event is a chemical change? [SEP] 1. The baseball strikes the roof. [SEP] 2. The roof of the car dents. [SEP] 3. The paint cracks and chips. [SEP] 4. The exposed metal rusts.

Answer: 4


Which energy resource is renewable? [SEP] 1. fuel oil [SEP] 2. natural gas [SEP] 3. wind [SEP] 4. coal

Answer: 3


Which energy conversion process occurs whenever coal is burned? [SEP] A. mechanical to electrical [SEP] B. mechanical to thermal [SEP] C. chemical to electrical [SEP] D. chemical to thermal

Answer: D


Claudia's teacher places a photograph of an organism on the board. He asks Claudia to determine if the organism is a plant or an animal. The answer to which question will best help Claudia determine if the organism is a plant or an animal? [SEP] A. Does the organism have cells? [SEP] B. Does the organism reproduce? [SEP] C. Does the organism live in the forest? [SEP] D. Does the organism make its own food?

Answer: D


Based on analysis of deep ice cores from the Arctic, scientists theorize that early humans caused air pollution. These scientists can make sure their data is correct by [SEP] A. analyzing only melted ice cores. [SEP] B. analyzing more than one ice core. [SEP] C. comparing their data to the expected results. [SEP] D. comparing their data to modern pollution levels.

Answer: B


When a volcano erupts, dust and ash are blown into the atmosphere. The eruption directly reduces the transfer of energy from [SEP] A. the ground to bacteria. [SEP] B. the Sun to plants. [SEP] C. plants to animals. [SEP] D. animals to air.

Answer: B


Which change would most likely cause deer to die or leave a woodland? [SEP] A. a forest fire [SEP] B. a rainstorm [SEP] C. a snow storm [SEP] D. a sinkhole

Answer: A


A student observes a glowing band across the night sky. This glowing band is most likely [SEP] A. orbiting planets in the solar system. [SEP] B. a partial view of the Milky Way galaxy. [SEP] C. an asteroid orbiting the Sun. [SEP] D. light from stars in a distant galaxy.

Answer: B


What is the smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of that element? [SEP] A. an atom [SEP] B. a compound [SEP] C. an electron [SEP] D. a molecule

Answer: A


The longitude of a location determines which time zone it is in. Different time zones are the result of [SEP] 1. Earth's rotation [SEP] 2. Earth's revolution [SEP] 3. the Moon's rotation [SEP] 4. the Moon's revolution

Answer: 1


Which of these structures form when materials are deposited, buried, and cemented? [SEP] A. intrusive structures [SEP] B. metamorphic rocks [SEP] C. volcanic mountains [SEP] D. sedimentary rocks

Answer: D


Earth is made of different layers that have varying characteristics. Which is the thickest layer? [SEP] A. the mantle [SEP] B. the inner core [SEP] C. the outer core [SEP] D. the crust

Answer: A


Which are examples of inherited traits? [SEP] A. specific beliefs [SEP] B. fingerprints [SEP] C. memories [SEP] D. nose shape

Answer: D


An object has a weight of 10 kg on the surface of Earth. If the same object were transported to the surface of Mars, the object would have a weight of 3.8 kg. Which best explains why the weight of the object changed when transported from Earth to Mars? [SEP] A. The density of the object is greater on Earth than it is on Mars. [SEP] B. The volume of the object is greater on Earth than it is on Mars. [SEP] C. Gravitational force is greater on Earth than it is on Mars. [SEP] D. Atmospheric pressure is less on Earth than it is on Mars.

Answer: C


Which characteristic can a puppy inherit from its parents? [SEP] A. muddy paws [SEP] B. spotted fur [SEP] C. broken foot [SEP] D. scar on face

Answer: B


According to Darwin's theory of evolution, the variations among finches that he observed in the Galapagos Islands resulted from [SEP] A. transmission of acquired characteristics. [SEP] B. use or disuse of their beaks. [SEP] C. natural mutagens. [SEP] D. natural selection.

Answer: D


Jennifer has collected rocks while hiking. As she attempts to classify her rocks, which will she put in the pile of sedimentary rocks? [SEP] A. Black-and-gray crystalline rocks [SEP] B. Shiny rocks with smooth textures [SEP] C. Rocks with visible pieces of shells in them [SEP] D. Rocks with small interlocking crystals in them

Answer: C


Which form of energy is found in food? [SEP] A. chemical [SEP] B. electrical [SEP] C. sound [SEP] D. mechanical

Answer: A


The Sun is a medium-sized star and is expected to continue to perform nuclear fusion for five billion years. What is most likely to be the final stage of the Sun? [SEP] A. supernova [SEP] B. supergiant [SEP] C. neutron star [SEP] D. white dwarf

Answer: D


Which statement is the best description of the Milky Way galaxy? [SEP] A. a collection of gases held together by inertia [SEP] B. a group of planets revolving around a single star [SEP] C. a collection of stars and gases with the Sun as its center [SEP] D. a group of stars, dust, and planets held together by gravity

Answer: D


When specific hormones are present in the blood of a hen, an egg is released from an ovary. Which two systems are involved with the release of an egg? [SEP] A. immune and digestive systems [SEP] B. digestive and endocrine systems [SEP] C. reproductive and immune systems [SEP] D. endocrine and reproductive systems

Answer: D


Fossil records indicate that Earth was first inhabited by bacteria-like organisms. These organisms [SEP] A. were single-celled. [SEP] B. had organ systems. [SEP] C. were multi-cellular. [SEP] D. had small appendages.

Answer: A


Onions can reproduce from bulbs. One parent bulb generates daughter bulbs with duplicate genetic information. Which is the most likely advantage of this kind of reproduction? [SEP] A. Population size remains constant. [SEP] B. Beneficial mutations are inevitable. [SEP] C. Genetic variation is maximized. [SEP] D. Large quantities of individuals can be produced rapidly.

Answer: D


Which action involving a pulley system requires the least amount of force? [SEP] A. using several pulleys together instead of a single pulley [SEP] B. using a fixed pulley instead of a moveable pulley [SEP] C. pulling a long rope instead of a short rope [SEP] D. pulling a rope up instead of down

Answer: A


In which environment would a white rabbit be best protected from predators? [SEP] A. a shady forest [SEP] B. a snowy field [SEP] C. a grassy lawn [SEP] D. a muddy riverbank

Answer: B


Which form of energy is needed to change water from a liquid to a gas? [SEP] A. heat [SEP] B. mechanical [SEP] C. chemical [SEP] D. sound

Answer: A


Which of these is a function of a leaf? [SEP] A. Carrying nutrients throughout the plant [SEP] B. Converting solar energy into sugar [SEP] C. Creating shade for the plant [SEP] D. Absorbing water from the ground

Answer: B


Which of these is most likely to be spread when two people drink from the same water bottle? [SEP] A. asthma [SEP] B. malaria [SEP] C. strep throat [SEP] D. hay fever

Answer: C


The sum of all chemical reactions in the human body is known as [SEP] 1. feedback [SEP] 2. metabolism [SEP] 3. dynamic equilibrium [SEP] 4. biological adaptation

Answer: 2


The water contained in a geyser system gains energy from the underground material surrounding it. The water molecules gain kinetic energy and this results in an increase in the pressure of the water. Eventually the geyser erupts and expels water into the air above ground. Which of the following types of energy is the source for the initial energy gain of the water? [SEP] A. electrical [SEP] B. magnetic [SEP] C. mechanical [SEP] D. thermal

Answer: D


In a laboratory activity, four different types of rock were placed in identical acid solutions for one week. Each sample was then measured to see if any of the rock mass was dissolved by the acid solution. Which is the dependent (responding) variable in this activity? [SEP] A. the mass of each rock [SEP] B. the type of rock tested [SEP] C. the length of time of the test [SEP] D. the amount of dissolved rock

Answer: D


Which cell structure carries out a function for a cell that is similar to the function that bark carries out for a tree? [SEP] A. cell wall [SEP] B. nucleus [SEP] C. chloroplast [SEP] D. mitochondrion

Answer: A


The number of squirrels in a certain ecosystem changes over time. These changes can be represented as a number of connected data points. Which method would a student most likely use to show this information? [SEP] A. pie chart [SEP] B. line graph [SEP] C. pictogram [SEP] D. data table

Answer: B


Pedro shook a can of soda. When the soda was opened, foam and soda burst from the can. Which statement best explains what happened? [SEP] A. A new substance was formed. [SEP] B. The gas pressure was released from the can. [SEP] C. The sugar in the soda turned into a gas. [SEP] D. The can absorbed heat from the air.

Answer: B


Where is most of Earth's water located? [SEP] A. glaciers [SEP] B. lakes [SEP] C. oceans [SEP] D. rivers

Answer: C


Investigations were performed to test several methods of keeping petals from falling off flowers that had been cut. Which is the most likely reason for this investigation? [SEP] A. to test a hypothesis [SEP] B. to form a theory [SEP] C. to produce a scientific paper [SEP] D. to change previous results

Answer: A


Two seismographs are placed 500 km from an active fault line, one on each side of the active fault line. During an earthquake, what most likely accounts for the different readings on the seismographs? [SEP] A. the pull of gravity on the waves [SEP] B. the interaction of light with waves [SEP] C. the differences in the strength of the waves' origins [SEP] D. the different media through which the waves travel

Answer: D


Scientists dig in a dry area at the bottom of a mountain range. Fossilized shells of freshwater mussels are found in the area. Which is a likely conclusion that scientists will draw based on this evidence? [SEP] A. Rivers once flowed through the area. [SEP] B. Volcanoes were once active in the area. [SEP] C. The ocean shoreline once reached this area. [SEP] D. Floods were a common occurrence in this area.

Answer: A


An apple appears red when struck by white light. This appearance is because the red light is reflected and the other colors are absorbed. What color will this apple appear to be when struck by blue light? [SEP] A. black [SEP] B. blue [SEP] C. red [SEP] D. white

Answer: A


In New York State, an observer will usually see the Sun rise in the [SEP] 1. north [SEP] 2. south [SEP] 3. east [SEP] 4. west

Answer: 3


Burning coal and natural gas are ways to produce electricity. Both coal and natural gas are nonrenewable resources. Which is an example of producing electricity using a renewable source of energy? [SEP] A. using food pieces to make compost [SEP] B. gliding a boat through the water using sails [SEP] C. putting an energy-saving lightbulb in a lamp [SEP] D. heating a home with energy collected by solar panels

Answer: D


When liquid water freezes, it forms ice. What is the physical state of an ice cube? [SEP] A. gas [SEP] B. solid [SEP] C. liquid [SEP] D. plasma

Answer: B


A student uses a hand lens to observe which of these objects? [SEP] A. a mountain [SEP] B. the Moon [SEP] C. an insect [SEP] D. bacteria

Answer: C


Which type of rock would most likely contain a fossil? [SEP] A. metamorphic rock [SEP] B. sedimentary rock [SEP] C. igneous rock [SEP] D. molten rock

Answer: B


Some events on Earth happen instantly while others take thousands of years to occur. Which process takes the longest time to complete? [SEP] A. rivers rising due to storms and floods [SEP] B. evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant [SEP] C. weathering of a rock to form small rocks and sand [SEP] D. movement of small pieces of rock by flowing water

Answer: C


Where do many of the basic life functions take place in organisms? [SEP] A. brain [SEP] B. cells [SEP] C. heart [SEP] D. nerves

Answer: B


Which physical structure would best help a bear to survive a winter in New York State? [SEP] A. big ears [SEP] B. black nose [SEP] C. thick fur [SEP] D. brown eyes

Answer: C


What is made when sugar is dissolved in water? [SEP] A. a colloid [SEP] B. a solution [SEP] C. a suspension [SEP] D. an evaporation

Answer: B


Gasoline for cars is produced from fossil fuels. Using gasoline can most likely lead to which environmental problem? [SEP] A. soil erosion [SEP] B. water pollution [SEP] C. wildlife extinction [SEP] D. global warming

Answer: D


Which of the following is a cause of the ocean levels periodically rising and then falling? [SEP] A. the slight tilt of the Moon [SEP] B. the force of gravity from the Moon [SEP] C. the convection within Earth's mantle [SEP] D. the revolution of Earth around the Sun

Answer: B


A scientist is searching for areas where new solar systems might form. What feature is the scientist looking for? [SEP] A. a star similar to our Sun [SEP] B. a cloud of dust and gas [SEP] C. an oxygen-rich atmosphere [SEP] D. a gravitational acceleration of 9.8 m/sec2

Answer: B


About how often is a full moon observed from Earth's surface? [SEP] A. each week [SEP] B. once a month [SEP] C. every two weeks [SEP] D. once each leap year

Answer: B


When animals use energy, they produce [SEP] A. nitrogen [SEP] B. iron sulfide [SEP] C. oxygen [SEP] D. carbon dioxide

Answer: D


Which would provide evidence of seafloor spreading? [SEP] A. higher levels of salinity in the ocean water [SEP] B. stronger currents at the surface of the ocean [SEP] C. cooled magma found on the edge of the plates [SEP] D. greater reproduction levels for organisms at the bottom of the ocean

Answer: C


Mitosis occurs in living things when a cell divides to produce two cells. Compared to the original cell, how many chromosomes are in each of the resulting cells? [SEP] A. half as many [SEP] B. the same number [SEP] C. twice as many [SEP] D. an unpredictable number

Answer: B


Which organ directly works to protect the human body from disease? [SEP] A. heart [SEP] B. kidney [SEP] C. pancreas [SEP] D. skin

Answer: D


Steven went to a farm and picked a bright red tomato from a broken branch on the plant. The tomato had a rotten spot with a worm inside of it. Instead of eating the tomato, Steven decided to plant the seeds and grow new tomato plants. Which characteristic of the tomato plant is inherited and could change over several generations? [SEP] A. color of the skin [SEP] B. size of rotten spots [SEP] C. length of worms inside [SEP] D. number of broken branches

Answer: A


Many leaves appear green because the leaves [SEP] A. resist green light. [SEP] B. bend all colors except green. [SEP] C. reflect green light. [SEP] D. reflect all colors except green.

Answer: C


Which of these is the best definition of heredity? [SEP] A. the transfer of learning from one generation to the next [SEP] B. the transfer of visible features from one generation to the next [SEP] C. the passage of dominant genes from one generation to the next [SEP] D. the passage of genetic information from one generation to the next

Answer: D


Which of the following describes how a microwave oven heats food? [SEP] A. The oven's interior reflects heat onto the food. [SEP] B. The oven's interior, like a lens, focuses heat onto the food. [SEP] C. Water molecules in the food reflect energy from microwave radiation. [SEP] D. Water molecules in the food absorb the energy of microwave radiation.

Answer: D


Which three systems of the human body function together to move and control body parts? [SEP] 1. nervous, skeletal, and muscular [SEP] 2. muscular, endocrine, and excretory [SEP] 3. digestive, excretory, and reproductive [SEP] 4. circulatory, endocrine, and respiratory

Answer: 1


Astronomers have found evidence for the existence of a super-massive black hole in the center of the giant elliptical galaxy M87. What is thought to cause black holes to form? [SEP] A. the death of a low-mass star [SEP] B. the gravity of a large nebula [SEP] C. the collapse of a high-mass star [SEP] D. the combining of material from planets

Answer: C


A research team wanted to produce a smaller variety of German shepherd dogs. They mated the smallest dogs from different litters for several generations. This is an example of which concept? [SEP] 1. extinction [SEP] 2. mutation [SEP] 3. selective breeding [SEP] 4. natural selection

Answer: 3


A class learns about weather. The students in the class measure the outside air temperature at the same time each day. Which way of measuring the temperature would provide the most accurate data? [SEP] A. taking the measurement in the shade [SEP] B. placing the thermometer on the ground [SEP] C. taking a measurement using a different tool each day [SEP] D. recording the measurements from three thermometers

Answer: D


Earth's magnetosphere is not uniformly shaped. It is compressed on the side facing the Sun and has a long tail extending away from the Sun. Which phenomenon is responsible for this shape? [SEP] A. centripetal force of Earth's rotation [SEP] B. gravitational attraction between Earth and the Sun [SEP] C. solar winds bringing high-energy particles toward Earth [SEP] D. differences in the distance between Earth and the Sun during Earth's orbit

Answer: C


Which living organism makes its own food using sunlight? [SEP] A. lizard [SEP] B. tree [SEP] C. deer [SEP] D. hawk

Answer: B


Who was the first person to base a system of classification on organisms having similar structures? [SEP] A. Aristotle [SEP] B. Darwin [SEP] C. Einstein [SEP] D. Linnaeus

Answer: D


Which is a process that converts sunlight energy into a compound that stores chemical energy? [SEP] A. phototropism [SEP] B. photosynthesis [SEP] C. respiration [SEP] D. pollination

Answer: B


Which most likely contributed to the extinction of many species and endangered the survival of others? [SEP] A. pollution [SEP] B. habitat destruction [SEP] C. an asteroid hitting Earth [SEP] D. tectonic plate movement

Answer: B


Which is the most basic unit of living things? [SEP] A. Cells [SEP] B. Bones [SEP] C. Tissues [SEP] D. Organs

Answer: A


What are the two main jobs of the skeletal system? [SEP] A. support and protect the body [SEP] B. digest food and carry messages for the body [SEP] C. get rid of wastes and defend the body from disease [SEP] D. sense changes in the environment and carry food through the body

Answer: A


Which is an example of a chemical change? [SEP] A. sand separated from water by filtering [SEP] B. water evaporating from a puddle [SEP] C. a rock being eroded by wind [SEP] D. a nail rusting in water

Answer: D


Which of these is a renewable resource found in Nevada? [SEP] A. zinc metal [SEP] B. gravel deposits [SEP] C. petroleum products [SEP] D. geothermal energy

Answer: D


Which two body systems are involved in inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide? [SEP] A. endocrine and skeletal [SEP] B. excretory and nervous [SEP] C. circulatory and respiratory [SEP] D. digestive and reproductive

Answer: C


Materials such as carbon and nitrogen go through cycles. The cycling of nitrogen waste materials is mostly dependent upon the role of which factor? [SEP] A. atmosphere [SEP] B. bacteria [SEP] C. sunlight [SEP] D. trees

Answer: B


Which of these is unique to the process of scientific investigation? [SEP] A. observing an event as it occurs [SEP] B. discussing results with other experts [SEP] C. publishing the results on a webpage [SEP] D. collecting data in an experiment

Answer: D


Which did Thomas Edison invent? [SEP] A. microscope [SEP] B. compass [SEP] C. light bulb [SEP] D. steam engine

Answer: C


If soil is permeable [SEP] A. water cannot flow through it. [SEP] B. water easily flows through it. [SEP] C. it contains many minerals. [SEP] D. it contains few minerals.

Answer: B


Sally is making candy on the stove. She places a thermometer in the candy. What is she measuring? [SEP] A. length [SEP] B. speed [SEP] C. temperature [SEP] D. weight

Answer: C


Anthony and Zach want to know how the temperature of the air affects the temperature of lake water. Which type of tool should they use to measure the temperatures? [SEP] A. balance [SEP] B. ruler [SEP] C. scale [SEP] D. thermometer

Answer: D


Which serve as evidence for a scientific theory? [SEP] A. guesses [SEP] B. opinions [SEP] C. arguments [SEP] D. observations

Answer: D


Which of the following identifies the primary function of a radio station tower in a communication system? [SEP] A. decoder [SEP] B. encoder [SEP] C. receiver [SEP] D. transmitter

Answer: D


Down feathers are used by many sleeping bag manufacturers because down feathers are [SEP] A. fire resistant. [SEP] B. comfortable padding. [SEP] C. good insulators. [SEP] D. water resistant.

Answer: C


A farmer sprayed his orange trees with a pesticide to eliminate the insects damaging the trees. Some of the insects survived and produced offspring that were also resistant to the insecticide. Which process is illustrated by the pesticide resistance of the offspring? [SEP] A. natural selection [SEP] B. selective breeding [SEP] C. aerobic respiration [SEP] D. sexual reproduction

Answer: A


An elephant is a multicellular organism that weighs about 200 pounds at birth and can grow to weigh as much as 15,000 pounds. What increases as the elephant grows into an adult? [SEP] A. the size of each body cell [SEP] B. the number of cells in its body [SEP] C. the amount of energy in its cells [SEP] D. the collection of water in each cell

Answer: B


The human body is made up of organ systems that work together as one unit. Which systems work together to prepare and distribute food for cells? [SEP] A. digestive and circulatory [SEP] B. digestive and endocrine [SEP] C. nervous and respiratory [SEP] D. nervous and excretory

Answer: A


The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. Which organs are used in reproduction? [SEP] A. brain, spinal cord, and eyes [SEP] B. lungs, esophagus, and heart [SEP] C. mouth, stomach, and gallbladder [SEP] D. ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes

Answer: D


Which type of organism is at the lowest level of the food chain? [SEP] A. autotroph [SEP] B. heterotroph [SEP] C. carnivore [SEP] D. omnivore

Answer: A


Jake's cats eat food from a can. The cats come running into the kitchen when they hear the electric can opener. Now, each time Jake's mother opens a can of corn, the cats come running. This is an example of [SEP] A. learned behavior [SEP] B. correct behavior [SEP] C. instinct [SEP] D. migration

Answer: A