import streamlit as st import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np import matplotlib.animation as animation import tempfile import base64 # Set up page configuration st.set_page_config(page_title="Hithesh Rai - Interactive Bohr Model of the Atom", page_icon="🔬") # Header st.title("Interactive Bohr Model of the Atom") st.subheader("Visualize electrons orbiting around a nucleus") # About Section st.write(""" Explore a simple interactive model of an atom based on the Bohr model, where electrons orbit a nucleus in defined circular paths. Use the controls to set the number of electrons and watch them orbit in real time! """) # Input for number of electrons num_electrons = st.slider("Select the number of electrons", 1, 5, 3) # Create figure and axis fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 6)) ax.set_xlim(-10, 10) ax.set_ylim(-10, 10) ax.set_aspect('equal') ax.axis('off') # Set up nucleus nucleus, = ax.plot(0, 0, 'o', color='orange', markersize=10, label="Nucleus") # Colors for electron orbits orbit_colors = ['blue', 'green', 'red', 'purple', 'cyan'] # Set up electron orbits based on selected number electrons = [] orbits = [] for i in range(num_electrons): radius = 2 + 2 * i theta = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100) x = radius * np.cos(theta) y = radius * np.sin(theta) orbit, = ax.plot(x, y, linestyle="--", color=orbit_colors[i % len(orbit_colors)], alpha=0.5) electron, = ax.plot([], [], 'o', color=orbit_colors[i % len(orbit_colors)], markersize=6) electrons.append(electron) orbits.append(orbit) # Animation update function def update(frame): for i, electron in enumerate(electrons): radius = 2 + 2 * i x = radius * np.cos(frame * 0.1 + i * np.pi / num_electrons) y = radius * np.sin(frame * 0.1 + i * np.pi / num_electrons) electron.set_data([x], [y]) # Wrap x and y in lists to avoid RuntimeError return electrons # Generate animation and save as temporary HTML file with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False, suffix=".html") as tmpfile: ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, update, frames=range(200), interval=50, blit=True) ani.save(tmpfile.name, writer="html", fps=20) tmpfile.seek(0) html_data = tmpfile.read().decode("utf-8") # Display animation in Streamlit st.components.v1.html(html_data, height=500)