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venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython-0.29.36.dist-info/COPYING.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+The original Pyrex code as of 2006-04 is licensed under the following
+license: "Copyright stuff: Pyrex is free of restrictions. You may use,
+redistribute, modify and distribute modified versions."
+
+------------------
+
+Cython, which derives from Pyrex, is licensed under the Apache 2.0
+Software License.  More precisely, all modifications and new code
+made to go from Pyrex to Cython are so licensed.
+
+See LICENSE.txt for more details.
+
+------------------
+
+The output of a Cython compilation is NOT considered a derivative
+work of Cython.  Specifically, though the compilation process may
+embed snippets of varying lengths into the final output, these
+snippets, as embedded in the output, do not encumber the resulting
+output with any license restrictions.

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython-0.29.36.dist-info/INSTALLER

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython-0.29.36.dist-info/LICENSE.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
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+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython-0.29.36.dist-info/METADATA

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+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: Cython
+Version: 0.29.36
+Summary: The Cython compiler for writing C extensions for the Python language.
+Home-page: http://cython.org/
+Author: Robert Bradshaw, Stefan Behnel, Dag Seljebotn, Greg Ewing, et al.
+Author-email: cython-devel@python.org
+License: Apache
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://cython.readthedocs.io/
+Project-URL: Donate, https://cython.readthedocs.io/en/latest/src/donating.html
+Project-URL: Source Code, https://github.com/cython/cython
+Project-URL: Bug Tracker, https://github.com/cython/cython/issues
+Project-URL: User Group, https://groups.google.com/g/cython-users
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Programming Language :: C
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Cython
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Code Generators
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Compilers
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Requires-Python: >=2.6, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*
+License-File: LICENSE.txt
+License-File: COPYING.txt
+
+The Cython language makes writing C extensions for the Python language as
+easy as Python itself.  Cython is a source code translator based on Pyrex_,
+but supports more cutting edge functionality and optimizations.
+
+The Cython language is a superset of the Python language (almost all Python
+code is also valid Cython code), but Cython additionally supports optional
+static typing to natively call C functions, operate with C++ classes and
+declare fast C types on variables and class attributes.  This allows the
+compiler to generate very efficient C code from Cython code.
+
+This makes Cython the ideal language for writing glue code for external
+C/C++ libraries, and for fast C modules that speed up the execution of
+Python code.
+
+Note that for one-time builds, e.g. for CI/testing, on platforms that are not
+covered by one of the wheel packages provided on PyPI *and* the pure Python wheel
+that we provide is not used, it is substantially faster than a full source build
+to install an uncompiled (slower) version of Cython with::
+
+    pip install Cython --install-option="--no-cython-compile"
+
+.. _Pyrex: http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/greg.ewing/python/Pyrex/

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+Cython
+cython
+pyximport

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Build/BuildExecutable.py

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+"""
+Compile a Python script into an executable that embeds CPython and run it.
+Requires CPython to be built as a shared library ('libpythonX.Y').
+
+Basic usage:
+
+    python cythonrun somefile.py [ARGS]
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+DEBUG = True
+
+import sys
+import os
+from distutils import sysconfig
+
+
+def get_config_var(name, default=''):
+    return sysconfig.get_config_var(name) or default
+
+INCDIR = sysconfig.get_python_inc()
+LIBDIR1 = get_config_var('LIBDIR')
+LIBDIR2 = get_config_var('LIBPL')
+PYLIB = get_config_var('LIBRARY')
+PYLIB_DYN = get_config_var('LDLIBRARY')
+if PYLIB_DYN == PYLIB:
+    # no shared library
+    PYLIB_DYN = ''
+else:
+    PYLIB_DYN = os.path.splitext(PYLIB_DYN[3:])[0] # 'lib(XYZ).so' -> XYZ
+
+CC = get_config_var('CC', os.environ.get('CC', ''))
+CFLAGS = get_config_var('CFLAGS') + ' ' + os.environ.get('CFLAGS', '')
+LINKCC = get_config_var('LINKCC', os.environ.get('LINKCC', CC))
+LINKFORSHARED = get_config_var('LINKFORSHARED')
+LIBS = get_config_var('LIBS')
+SYSLIBS = get_config_var('SYSLIBS')
+EXE_EXT = sysconfig.get_config_var('EXE')
+
+def _debug(msg, *args):
+    if DEBUG:
+        if args:
+            msg = msg % args
+        sys.stderr.write(msg + '\n')
+
+def dump_config():
+    _debug('INCDIR: %s', INCDIR)
+    _debug('LIBDIR1: %s', LIBDIR1)
+    _debug('LIBDIR2: %s', LIBDIR2)
+    _debug('PYLIB: %s', PYLIB)
+    _debug('PYLIB_DYN: %s', PYLIB_DYN)
+    _debug('CC: %s', CC)
+    _debug('CFLAGS: %s', CFLAGS)
+    _debug('LINKCC: %s', LINKCC)
+    _debug('LINKFORSHARED: %s', LINKFORSHARED)
+    _debug('LIBS: %s', LIBS)
+    _debug('SYSLIBS: %s', SYSLIBS)
+    _debug('EXE_EXT: %s', EXE_EXT)
+
+def runcmd(cmd, shell=True):
+    if shell:
+        cmd = ' '.join(cmd)
+        _debug(cmd)
+    else:
+        _debug(' '.join(cmd))
+
+    try:
+        import subprocess
+    except ImportError: # Python 2.3 ...
+        returncode = os.system(cmd)
+    else:
+        returncode = subprocess.call(cmd, shell=shell)
+
+    if returncode:
+        sys.exit(returncode)
+
+def clink(basename):
+    runcmd([LINKCC, '-o', basename + EXE_EXT, basename+'.o', '-L'+LIBDIR1, '-L'+LIBDIR2]
+           + [PYLIB_DYN and ('-l'+PYLIB_DYN) or os.path.join(LIBDIR1, PYLIB)]
+           + LIBS.split() + SYSLIBS.split() + LINKFORSHARED.split())
+
+def ccompile(basename):
+    runcmd([CC, '-c', '-o', basename+'.o', basename+'.c', '-I' + INCDIR] + CFLAGS.split())
+
+def cycompile(input_file, options=()):
+    from ..Compiler import Version, CmdLine, Main
+    options, sources = CmdLine.parse_command_line(list(options or ()) + ['--embed', input_file])
+    _debug('Using Cython %s to compile %s', Version.version, input_file)
+    result = Main.compile(sources, options)
+    if result.num_errors > 0:
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+def exec_file(program_name, args=()):
+    runcmd([os.path.abspath(program_name)] + list(args), shell=False)
+
+def build(input_file, compiler_args=(), force=False):
+    """
+    Build an executable program from a Cython module.
+
+    Returns the name of the executable file.
+    """
+    basename = os.path.splitext(input_file)[0]
+    exe_file = basename + EXE_EXT
+    if not force and os.path.abspath(exe_file) == os.path.abspath(input_file):
+        raise ValueError("Input and output file names are the same, refusing to overwrite")
+    if (not force and os.path.exists(exe_file) and os.path.exists(input_file)
+        and os.path.getmtime(input_file) <= os.path.getmtime(exe_file)):
+        _debug("File is up to date, not regenerating %s", exe_file)
+        return exe_file
+    cycompile(input_file, compiler_args)
+    ccompile(basename)
+    clink(basename)
+    return exe_file
+
+def build_and_run(args):
+    """
+    Build an executable program from a Cython module and runs it.
+
+    Arguments after the module name will be passed verbatimely to the
+    program.
+    """
+    cy_args = []
+    last_arg = None
+    for i, arg in enumerate(args):
+        if arg.startswith('-'):
+            cy_args.append(arg)
+        elif last_arg in ('-X', '--directive'):
+            cy_args.append(arg)
+        else:
+            input_file = arg
+            args = args[i+1:]
+            break
+        last_arg = arg
+    else:
+        raise ValueError('no input file provided')
+
+    program_name = build(input_file, cy_args)
+    exec_file(program_name, args)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    build_and_run(sys.argv[1:])

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Build/Cythonize.py

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import os
+import shutil
+import tempfile
+from distutils.core import setup
+
+from .Dependencies import cythonize, extended_iglob
+from ..Utils import is_package_dir
+from ..Compiler import Options
+
+try:
+    import multiprocessing
+    parallel_compiles = int(multiprocessing.cpu_count() * 1.5)
+except ImportError:
+    multiprocessing = None
+    parallel_compiles = 0
+
+
+class _FakePool(object):
+    def map_async(self, func, args):
+        try:
+            from itertools import imap
+        except ImportError:
+            imap=map
+        for _ in imap(func, args):
+            pass
+
+    def close(self):
+        pass
+
+    def terminate(self):
+        pass
+
+    def join(self):
+        pass
+
+
+def parse_directives(option, name, value, parser):
+    dest = option.dest
+    old_directives = dict(getattr(parser.values, dest,
+                                  Options.get_directive_defaults()))
+    directives = Options.parse_directive_list(
+        value, relaxed_bool=True, current_settings=old_directives)
+    setattr(parser.values, dest, directives)
+
+
+def parse_options(option, name, value, parser):
+    dest = option.dest
+    options = dict(getattr(parser.values, dest, {}))
+    for opt in value.split(','):
+        if '=' in opt:
+            n, v = opt.split('=', 1)
+            v = v.lower() not in ('false', 'f', '0', 'no')
+        else:
+            n, v = opt, True
+        options[n] = v
+    setattr(parser.values, dest, options)
+
+
+def parse_compile_time_env(option, name, value, parser):
+    dest = option.dest
+    old_env = dict(getattr(parser.values, dest, {}))
+    new_env = Options.parse_compile_time_env(value, current_settings=old_env)
+    setattr(parser.values, dest, new_env)
+
+
+def find_package_base(path):
+    base_dir, package_path = os.path.split(path)
+    while os.path.isfile(os.path.join(base_dir, '__init__.py')):
+        base_dir, parent = os.path.split(base_dir)
+        package_path = '%s/%s' % (parent, package_path)
+    return base_dir, package_path
+
+
+def cython_compile(path_pattern, options):
+    pool = None
+    all_paths = map(os.path.abspath, extended_iglob(path_pattern))
+    try:
+        for path in all_paths:
+            if options.build_inplace:
+                base_dir = path
+                while not os.path.isdir(base_dir) or is_package_dir(base_dir):
+                    base_dir = os.path.dirname(base_dir)
+            else:
+                base_dir = None
+
+            if os.path.isdir(path):
+                # recursively compiling a package
+                paths = [os.path.join(path, '**', '*.{py,pyx}')]
+            else:
+                # assume it's a file(-like thing)
+                paths = [path]
+
+            ext_modules = cythonize(
+                paths,
+                nthreads=options.parallel,
+                exclude_failures=options.keep_going,
+                exclude=options.excludes,
+                compiler_directives=options.directives,
+                compile_time_env=options.compile_time_env,
+                force=options.force,
+                quiet=options.quiet,
+                depfile=options.depfile,
+                **options.options)
+
+            if ext_modules and options.build:
+                if len(ext_modules) > 1 and options.parallel > 1:
+                    if pool is None:
+                        try:
+                            pool = multiprocessing.Pool(options.parallel)
+                        except OSError:
+                            pool = _FakePool()
+                    pool.map_async(run_distutils, [
+                        (base_dir, [ext]) for ext in ext_modules])
+                else:
+                    run_distutils((base_dir, ext_modules))
+    except:
+        if pool is not None:
+            pool.terminate()
+        raise
+    else:
+        if pool is not None:
+            pool.close()
+            pool.join()
+
+
+def run_distutils(args):
+    base_dir, ext_modules = args
+    script_args = ['build_ext', '-i']
+    cwd = os.getcwd()
+    temp_dir = None
+    try:
+        if base_dir:
+            os.chdir(base_dir)
+            temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(dir=base_dir)
+            script_args.extend(['--build-temp', temp_dir])
+        setup(
+            script_name='setup.py',
+            script_args=script_args,
+            ext_modules=ext_modules,
+        )
+    finally:
+        if base_dir:
+            os.chdir(cwd)
+            if temp_dir and os.path.isdir(temp_dir):
+                shutil.rmtree(temp_dir)
+
+
+def parse_args(args):
+    from optparse import OptionParser
+    parser = OptionParser(usage='%prog [options] [sources and packages]+')
+
+    parser.add_option('-X', '--directive', metavar='NAME=VALUE,...',
+                      dest='directives', default={}, type="str",
+                      action='callback', callback=parse_directives,
+                      help='set a compiler directive')
+    parser.add_option('-E', '--compile-time-env', metavar='NAME=VALUE,...',
+                      dest='compile_time_env', default={}, type="str",
+                      action='callback', callback=parse_compile_time_env,
+                      help='set a compile time environment variable')
+    parser.add_option('-s', '--option', metavar='NAME=VALUE',
+                      dest='options', default={}, type="str",
+                      action='callback', callback=parse_options,
+                      help='set a cythonize option')
+    parser.add_option('-2', dest='language_level', action='store_const', const=2, default=None,
+                      help='use Python 2 syntax mode by default')
+    parser.add_option('-3', dest='language_level', action='store_const', const=3,
+                      help='use Python 3 syntax mode by default')
+    parser.add_option('--3str', dest='language_level', action='store_const', const='3str',
+                      help='use Python 3 syntax mode by default')
+    parser.add_option('-a', '--annotate', dest='annotate', action='store_true',
+                      help='generate annotated HTML page for source files')
+
+    parser.add_option('-x', '--exclude', metavar='PATTERN', dest='excludes',
+                      action='append', default=[],
+                      help='exclude certain file patterns from the compilation')
+
+    parser.add_option('-b', '--build', dest='build', action='store_true',
+                      help='build extension modules using distutils')
+    parser.add_option('-i', '--inplace', dest='build_inplace', action='store_true',
+                      help='build extension modules in place using distutils (implies -b)')
+    parser.add_option('-j', '--parallel', dest='parallel', metavar='N',
+                      type=int, default=parallel_compiles,
+                      help=('run builds in N parallel jobs (default: %d)' %
+                            parallel_compiles or 1))
+    parser.add_option('-f', '--force', dest='force', action='store_true',
+                      help='force recompilation')
+    parser.add_option('-q', '--quiet', dest='quiet', action='store_true',
+                      help='be less verbose during compilation')
+
+    parser.add_option('--lenient', dest='lenient', action='store_true',
+                      help='increase Python compatibility by ignoring some compile time errors')
+    parser.add_option('-k', '--keep-going', dest='keep_going', action='store_true',
+                      help='compile as much as possible, ignore compilation failures')
+    parser.add_option('-M', '--depfile', action='store_true', help='produce depfiles for the sources')
+
+    options, args = parser.parse_args(args)
+    if not args:
+        parser.error("no source files provided")
+    if options.build_inplace:
+        options.build = True
+    if multiprocessing is None:
+        options.parallel = 0
+    if options.language_level:
+        assert options.language_level in (2, 3, '3str')
+        options.options['language_level'] = options.language_level
+    return options, args
+
+
+def main(args=None):
+    options, paths = parse_args(args)
+
+    if options.lenient:
+        # increase Python compatibility by ignoring compile time errors
+        Options.error_on_unknown_names = False
+        Options.error_on_uninitialized = False
+
+    if options.annotate:
+        Options.annotate = True
+
+    for path in paths:
+        cython_compile(path, options)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Build/Dependencies.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1296 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
+
+import cython
+from .. import __version__
+
+import collections
+import contextlib
+import hashlib
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import re, sys, time
+import warnings
+from glob import iglob
+from io import open as io_open
+from os.path import relpath as _relpath
+from distutils.extension import Extension
+from distutils.util import strtobool
+import zipfile
+
+try:
+    from collections.abc import Iterable
+except ImportError:
+    from collections import Iterable
+
+try:
+    import gzip
+    gzip_open = gzip.open
+    gzip_ext = '.gz'
+except ImportError:
+    gzip_open = open
+    gzip_ext = ''
+
+try:
+    import zlib
+    zipfile_compression_mode = zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED
+except ImportError:
+    zipfile_compression_mode = zipfile.ZIP_STORED
+
+try:
+    import pythran
+except:
+    pythran = None
+
+from .. import Utils
+from ..Utils import (cached_function, cached_method, path_exists, write_depfile,
+    safe_makedirs, copy_file_to_dir_if_newer, is_package_dir, replace_suffix)
+from ..Compiler.Main import Context, CompilationOptions, default_options
+
+join_path = cached_function(os.path.join)
+copy_once_if_newer = cached_function(copy_file_to_dir_if_newer)
+safe_makedirs_once = cached_function(safe_makedirs)
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    # stupid Py2 distutils enforces str type in list of sources
+    _fs_encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
+    if _fs_encoding is None:
+        _fs_encoding = sys.getdefaultencoding()
+    def encode_filename_in_py2(filename):
+        if not isinstance(filename, bytes):
+            return filename.encode(_fs_encoding)
+        return filename
+else:
+    def encode_filename_in_py2(filename):
+        return filename
+    basestring = str
+
+
+def _make_relative(file_paths, base=None):
+    if not base:
+        base = os.getcwd()
+    if base[-1] != os.path.sep:
+        base += os.path.sep
+    return [_relpath(path, base) if path.startswith(base) else path
+            for path in file_paths]
+
+
+def extended_iglob(pattern):
+    if '{' in pattern:
+        m = re.match('(.*){([^}]+)}(.*)', pattern)
+        if m:
+            before, switch, after = m.groups()
+            for case in switch.split(','):
+                for path in extended_iglob(before + case + after):
+                    yield path
+            return
+    if '**/' in pattern:
+        seen = set()
+        first, rest = pattern.split('**/', 1)
+        if first:
+            first = iglob(first+'/')
+        else:
+            first = ['']
+        for root in first:
+            for path in extended_iglob(join_path(root, rest)):
+                if path not in seen:
+                    seen.add(path)
+                    yield path
+            for path in extended_iglob(join_path(root, '*', '**/' + rest)):
+                if path not in seen:
+                    seen.add(path)
+                    yield path
+    else:
+        for path in iglob(pattern):
+            yield path
+
+
+def nonempty(it, error_msg="expected non-empty iterator"):
+    empty = True
+    for value in it:
+        empty = False
+        yield value
+    if empty:
+        raise ValueError(error_msg)
+
+
+@cached_function
+def file_hash(filename):
+    path = os.path.normpath(filename)
+    prefix = ('%d:%s' % (len(path), path)).encode("UTF-8")
+    m = hashlib.md5(prefix)
+    with open(path, 'rb') as f:
+        data = f.read(65000)
+        while data:
+            m.update(data)
+            data = f.read(65000)
+    return m.hexdigest()
+
+
+def update_pythran_extension(ext):
+    if pythran is None:
+        raise RuntimeError("You first need to install Pythran to use the np_pythran directive.")
+    try:
+        pythran_ext = pythran.config.make_extension(python=True)
+    except TypeError:  # older pythran version only
+        pythran_ext = pythran.config.make_extension()
+
+    ext.include_dirs.extend(pythran_ext['include_dirs'])
+    ext.extra_compile_args.extend(pythran_ext['extra_compile_args'])
+    ext.extra_link_args.extend(pythran_ext['extra_link_args'])
+    ext.define_macros.extend(pythran_ext['define_macros'])
+    ext.undef_macros.extend(pythran_ext['undef_macros'])
+    ext.library_dirs.extend(pythran_ext['library_dirs'])
+    ext.libraries.extend(pythran_ext['libraries'])
+    ext.language = 'c++'
+
+    # These options are not compatible with the way normal Cython extensions work
+    for bad_option in ["-fwhole-program", "-fvisibility=hidden"]:
+        try:
+            ext.extra_compile_args.remove(bad_option)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+
+def parse_list(s):
+    """
+    >>> parse_list("")
+    []
+    >>> parse_list("a")
+    ['a']
+    >>> parse_list("a b c")
+    ['a', 'b', 'c']
+    >>> parse_list("[a, b, c]")
+    ['a', 'b', 'c']
+    >>> parse_list('a " " b')
+    ['a', ' ', 'b']
+    >>> parse_list('[a, ",a", "a,", ",", ]')
+    ['a', ',a', 'a,', ',']
+    """
+    if len(s) >= 2 and s[0] == '[' and s[-1] == ']':
+        s = s[1:-1]
+        delimiter = ','
+    else:
+        delimiter = ' '
+    s, literals = strip_string_literals(s)
+    def unquote(literal):
+        literal = literal.strip()
+        if literal[0] in "'\"":
+            return literals[literal[1:-1]]
+        else:
+            return literal
+    return [unquote(item) for item in s.split(delimiter) if item.strip()]
+
+
+transitive_str = object()
+transitive_list = object()
+bool_or = object()
+
+distutils_settings = {
+    'name':                 str,
+    'sources':              list,
+    'define_macros':        list,
+    'undef_macros':         list,
+    'libraries':            transitive_list,
+    'library_dirs':         transitive_list,
+    'runtime_library_dirs': transitive_list,
+    'include_dirs':         transitive_list,
+    'extra_objects':        list,
+    'extra_compile_args':   transitive_list,
+    'extra_link_args':      transitive_list,
+    'export_symbols':       list,
+    'depends':              transitive_list,
+    'language':             transitive_str,
+    'np_pythran':           bool_or
+}
+
+
+@cython.locals(start=cython.Py_ssize_t, end=cython.Py_ssize_t)
+def line_iter(source):
+    if isinstance(source, basestring):
+        start = 0
+        while True:
+            end = source.find('\n', start)
+            if end == -1:
+                yield source[start:]
+                return
+            yield source[start:end]
+            start = end+1
+    else:
+        for line in source:
+            yield line
+
+
+class DistutilsInfo(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, source=None, exn=None):
+        self.values = {}
+        if source is not None:
+            for line in line_iter(source):
+                line = line.lstrip()
+                if not line:
+                    continue
+                if line[0] != '#':
+                    break
+                line = line[1:].lstrip()
+                kind = next((k for k in ("distutils:","cython:") if line.startswith(k)), None)
+                if kind is not None:
+                    key, _, value = [s.strip() for s in line[len(kind):].partition('=')]
+                    type = distutils_settings.get(key, None)
+                    if line.startswith("cython:") and type is None: continue
+                    if type in (list, transitive_list):
+                        value = parse_list(value)
+                        if key == 'define_macros':
+                            value = [tuple(macro.split('=', 1))
+                                     if '=' in macro else (macro, None)
+                                     for macro in value]
+                    if type is bool_or:
+                        value = strtobool(value)
+                    self.values[key] = value
+        elif exn is not None:
+            for key in distutils_settings:
+                if key in ('name', 'sources','np_pythran'):
+                    continue
+                value = getattr(exn, key, None)
+                if value:
+                    self.values[key] = value
+
+    def merge(self, other):
+        if other is None:
+            return self
+        for key, value in other.values.items():
+            type = distutils_settings[key]
+            if type is transitive_str and key not in self.values:
+                self.values[key] = value
+            elif type is transitive_list:
+                if key in self.values:
+                    # Change a *copy* of the list (Trac #845)
+                    all = self.values[key][:]
+                    for v in value:
+                        if v not in all:
+                            all.append(v)
+                    value = all
+                self.values[key] = value
+            elif type is bool_or:
+                self.values[key] = self.values.get(key, False) | value
+        return self
+
+    def subs(self, aliases):
+        if aliases is None:
+            return self
+        resolved = DistutilsInfo()
+        for key, value in self.values.items():
+            type = distutils_settings[key]
+            if type in [list, transitive_list]:
+                new_value_list = []
+                for v in value:
+                    if v in aliases:
+                        v = aliases[v]
+                    if isinstance(v, list):
+                        new_value_list += v
+                    else:
+                        new_value_list.append(v)
+                value = new_value_list
+            else:
+                if value in aliases:
+                    value = aliases[value]
+            resolved.values[key] = value
+        return resolved
+
+    def apply(self, extension):
+        for key, value in self.values.items():
+            type = distutils_settings[key]
+            if type in [list, transitive_list]:
+                value = getattr(extension, key) + list(value)
+            setattr(extension, key, value)
+
+
+@cython.locals(start=cython.Py_ssize_t, q=cython.Py_ssize_t,
+               single_q=cython.Py_ssize_t, double_q=cython.Py_ssize_t,
+               hash_mark=cython.Py_ssize_t, end=cython.Py_ssize_t,
+               k=cython.Py_ssize_t, counter=cython.Py_ssize_t, quote_len=cython.Py_ssize_t)
+def strip_string_literals(code, prefix='__Pyx_L'):
+    """
+    Normalizes every string literal to be of the form '__Pyx_Lxxx',
+    returning the normalized code and a mapping of labels to
+    string literals.
+    """
+    new_code = []
+    literals = {}
+    counter = 0
+    start = q = 0
+    in_quote = False
+    hash_mark = single_q = double_q = -1
+    code_len = len(code)
+    quote_type = None
+    quote_len = -1
+
+    while True:
+        if hash_mark < q:
+            hash_mark = code.find('#', q)
+        if single_q < q:
+            single_q = code.find("'", q)
+        if double_q < q:
+            double_q = code.find('"', q)
+        q = min(single_q, double_q)
+        if q == -1:
+            q = max(single_q, double_q)
+
+        # We're done.
+        if q == -1 and hash_mark == -1:
+            new_code.append(code[start:])
+            break
+
+        # Try to close the quote.
+        elif in_quote:
+            if code[q-1] == u'\\':
+                k = 2
+                while q >= k and code[q-k] == u'\\':
+                    k += 1
+                if k % 2 == 0:
+                    q += 1
+                    continue
+            if code[q] == quote_type and (
+                    quote_len == 1 or (code_len > q + 2 and quote_type == code[q+1] == code[q+2])):
+                counter += 1
+                label = "%s%s_" % (prefix, counter)
+                literals[label] = code[start+quote_len:q]
+                full_quote = code[q:q+quote_len]
+                new_code.append(full_quote)
+                new_code.append(label)
+                new_code.append(full_quote)
+                q += quote_len
+                in_quote = False
+                start = q
+            else:
+                q += 1
+
+        # Process comment.
+        elif -1 != hash_mark and (hash_mark < q or q == -1):
+            new_code.append(code[start:hash_mark+1])
+            end = code.find('\n', hash_mark)
+            counter += 1
+            label = "%s%s_" % (prefix, counter)
+            if end == -1:
+                end_or_none = None
+            else:
+                end_or_none = end
+            literals[label] = code[hash_mark+1:end_or_none]
+            new_code.append(label)
+            if end == -1:
+                break
+            start = q = end
+
+        # Open the quote.
+        else:
+            if code_len >= q+3 and (code[q] == code[q+1] == code[q+2]):
+                quote_len = 3
+            else:
+                quote_len = 1
+            in_quote = True
+            quote_type = code[q]
+            new_code.append(code[start:q])
+            start = q
+            q += quote_len
+
+    return "".join(new_code), literals
+
+
+# We need to allow spaces to allow for conditional compilation like
+# IF ...:
+#     cimport ...
+dependency_regex = re.compile(r"(?:^\s*from +([0-9a-zA-Z_.]+) +cimport)|"
+                              r"(?:^\s*cimport +([0-9a-zA-Z_.]+(?: *, *[0-9a-zA-Z_.]+)*))|"
+                              r"(?:^\s*cdef +extern +from +['\"]([^'\"]+)['\"])|"
+                              r"(?:^\s*include +['\"]([^'\"]+)['\"])", re.M)
+dependency_after_from_regex = re.compile(
+    r"(?:^\s+\(([0-9a-zA-Z_., ]*)\)[#\n])|"
+    r"(?:^\s+([0-9a-zA-Z_., ]*)[#\n])",
+    re.M)
+
+
+def normalize_existing(base_path, rel_paths):
+    return normalize_existing0(os.path.dirname(base_path), tuple(set(rel_paths)))
+
+
+@cached_function
+def normalize_existing0(base_dir, rel_paths):
+    """
+    Given some base directory ``base_dir`` and a list of path names
+    ``rel_paths``, normalize each relative path name ``rel`` by
+    replacing it by ``os.path.join(base, rel)`` if that file exists.
+
+    Return a couple ``(normalized, needed_base)`` where ``normalized``
+    if the list of normalized file names and ``needed_base`` is
+    ``base_dir`` if we actually needed ``base_dir``. If no paths were
+    changed (for example, if all paths were already absolute), then
+    ``needed_base`` is ``None``.
+    """
+    normalized = []
+    needed_base = None
+    for rel in rel_paths:
+        if os.path.isabs(rel):
+            normalized.append(rel)
+            continue
+        path = join_path(base_dir, rel)
+        if path_exists(path):
+            normalized.append(os.path.normpath(path))
+            needed_base = base_dir
+        else:
+            normalized.append(rel)
+    return (normalized, needed_base)
+
+
+def resolve_depends(depends, include_dirs):
+    include_dirs = tuple(include_dirs)
+    resolved = []
+    for depend in depends:
+        path = resolve_depend(depend, include_dirs)
+        if path is not None:
+            resolved.append(path)
+    return resolved
+
+
+@cached_function
+def resolve_depend(depend, include_dirs):
+    if depend[0] == '<' and depend[-1] == '>':
+        return None
+    for dir in include_dirs:
+        path = join_path(dir, depend)
+        if path_exists(path):
+            return os.path.normpath(path)
+    return None
+
+
+@cached_function
+def package(filename):
+    dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(str(filename)))
+    if dir != filename and is_package_dir(dir):
+        return package(dir) + (os.path.basename(dir),)
+    else:
+        return ()
+
+
+@cached_function
+def fully_qualified_name(filename):
+    module = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(filename))[0]
+    return '.'.join(package(filename) + (module,))
+
+
+@cached_function
+def parse_dependencies(source_filename):
+    # Actual parsing is way too slow, so we use regular expressions.
+    # The only catch is that we must strip comments and string
+    # literals ahead of time.
+    with Utils.open_source_file(source_filename, error_handling='ignore') as fh:
+        source = fh.read()
+    distutils_info = DistutilsInfo(source)
+    source, literals = strip_string_literals(source)
+    source = source.replace('\\\n', ' ').replace('\t', ' ')
+
+    # TODO: pure mode
+    cimports = []
+    includes = []
+    externs  = []
+    for m in dependency_regex.finditer(source):
+        cimport_from, cimport_list, extern, include = m.groups()
+        if cimport_from:
+            cimports.append(cimport_from)
+            m_after_from = dependency_after_from_regex.search(source, pos=m.end())
+            if m_after_from:
+                multiline, one_line = m_after_from.groups()
+                subimports = multiline or one_line
+                cimports.extend("{0}.{1}".format(cimport_from, s.strip())
+                                for s in subimports.split(','))
+
+        elif cimport_list:
+            cimports.extend(x.strip() for x in cimport_list.split(","))
+        elif extern:
+            externs.append(literals[extern])
+        else:
+            includes.append(literals[include])
+    return cimports, includes, externs, distutils_info
+
+
+class DependencyTree(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, context, quiet=False):
+        self.context = context
+        self.quiet = quiet
+        self._transitive_cache = {}
+
+    def parse_dependencies(self, source_filename):
+        if path_exists(source_filename):
+            source_filename = os.path.normpath(source_filename)
+        return parse_dependencies(source_filename)
+
+    @cached_method
+    def included_files(self, filename):
+        # This is messy because included files are textually included, resolving
+        # cimports (but not includes) relative to the including file.
+        all = set()
+        for include in self.parse_dependencies(filename)[1]:
+            include_path = join_path(os.path.dirname(filename), include)
+            if not path_exists(include_path):
+                include_path = self.context.find_include_file(include, None)
+            if include_path:
+                if '.' + os.path.sep in include_path:
+                    include_path = os.path.normpath(include_path)
+                all.add(include_path)
+                all.update(self.included_files(include_path))
+            elif not self.quiet:
+                print("Unable to locate '%s' referenced from '%s'" % (filename, include))
+        return all
+
+    @cached_method
+    def cimports_externs_incdirs(self, filename):
+        # This is really ugly. Nested cimports are resolved with respect to the
+        # includer, but includes are resolved with respect to the includee.
+        cimports, includes, externs = self.parse_dependencies(filename)[:3]
+        cimports = set(cimports)
+        externs = set(externs)
+        incdirs = set()
+        for include in self.included_files(filename):
+            included_cimports, included_externs, included_incdirs = self.cimports_externs_incdirs(include)
+            cimports.update(included_cimports)
+            externs.update(included_externs)
+            incdirs.update(included_incdirs)
+        externs, incdir = normalize_existing(filename, externs)
+        if incdir:
+            incdirs.add(incdir)
+        return tuple(cimports), externs, incdirs
+
+    def cimports(self, filename):
+        return self.cimports_externs_incdirs(filename)[0]
+
+    def package(self, filename):
+        return package(filename)
+
+    def fully_qualified_name(self, filename):
+        return fully_qualified_name(filename)
+
+    @cached_method
+    def find_pxd(self, module, filename=None):
+        is_relative = module[0] == '.'
+        if is_relative and not filename:
+            raise NotImplementedError("New relative imports.")
+        if filename is not None:
+            module_path = module.split('.')
+            if is_relative:
+                module_path.pop(0)  # just explicitly relative
+            package_path = list(self.package(filename))
+            while module_path and not module_path[0]:
+                try:
+                    package_path.pop()
+                except IndexError:
+                    return None   # FIXME: error?
+                module_path.pop(0)
+            relative = '.'.join(package_path + module_path)
+            pxd = self.context.find_pxd_file(relative, None)
+            if pxd:
+                return pxd
+        if is_relative:
+            return None   # FIXME: error?
+        return self.context.find_pxd_file(module, None)
+
+    @cached_method
+    def cimported_files(self, filename):
+        if filename[-4:] == '.pyx' and path_exists(filename[:-4] + '.pxd'):
+            pxd_list = [filename[:-4] + '.pxd']
+        else:
+            pxd_list = []
+        # Cimports generates all possible combinations package.module
+        # when imported as from package cimport module.
+        for module in self.cimports(filename):
+            if module[:7] == 'cython.' or module == 'cython':
+                continue
+            pxd_file = self.find_pxd(module, filename)
+            if pxd_file is not None:
+                pxd_list.append(pxd_file)
+        return tuple(pxd_list)
+
+    @cached_method
+    def immediate_dependencies(self, filename):
+        all = set([filename])
+        all.update(self.cimported_files(filename))
+        all.update(self.included_files(filename))
+        return all
+
+    def all_dependencies(self, filename):
+        return self.transitive_merge(filename, self.immediate_dependencies, set.union)
+
+    @cached_method
+    def timestamp(self, filename):
+        return os.path.getmtime(filename)
+
+    def extract_timestamp(self, filename):
+        return self.timestamp(filename), filename
+
+    def newest_dependency(self, filename):
+        return max([self.extract_timestamp(f) for f in self.all_dependencies(filename)])
+
+    def transitive_fingerprint(self, filename, module, compilation_options):
+        r"""
+        Return a fingerprint of a cython file that is about to be cythonized.
+
+        Fingerprints are looked up in future compilations. If the fingerprint
+        is found, the cythonization can be skipped. The fingerprint must
+        incorporate everything that has an influence on the generated code.
+        """
+        try:
+            m = hashlib.md5(__version__.encode('UTF-8'))
+            m.update(file_hash(filename).encode('UTF-8'))
+            for x in sorted(self.all_dependencies(filename)):
+                if os.path.splitext(x)[1] not in ('.c', '.cpp', '.h'):
+                    m.update(file_hash(x).encode('UTF-8'))
+            # Include the module attributes that change the compilation result
+            # in the fingerprint. We do not iterate over module.__dict__ and
+            # include almost everything here as users might extend Extension
+            # with arbitrary (random) attributes that would lead to cache
+            # misses.
+            m.update(str((
+                module.language,
+                getattr(module, 'py_limited_api', False),
+                getattr(module, 'np_pythran', False)
+            )).encode('UTF-8'))
+
+            m.update(compilation_options.get_fingerprint().encode('UTF-8'))
+            return m.hexdigest()
+        except IOError:
+            return None
+
+    def distutils_info0(self, filename):
+        info = self.parse_dependencies(filename)[3]
+        kwds = info.values
+        cimports, externs, incdirs = self.cimports_externs_incdirs(filename)
+        basedir = os.getcwd()
+        # Add dependencies on "cdef extern from ..." files
+        if externs:
+            externs = _make_relative(externs, basedir)
+            if 'depends' in kwds:
+                kwds['depends'] = list(set(kwds['depends']).union(externs))
+            else:
+                kwds['depends'] = list(externs)
+        # Add include_dirs to ensure that the C compiler will find the
+        # "cdef extern from ..." files
+        if incdirs:
+            include_dirs = list(kwds.get('include_dirs', []))
+            for inc in _make_relative(incdirs, basedir):
+                if inc not in include_dirs:
+                    include_dirs.append(inc)
+            kwds['include_dirs'] = include_dirs
+        return info
+
+    def distutils_info(self, filename, aliases=None, base=None):
+        return (self.transitive_merge(filename, self.distutils_info0, DistutilsInfo.merge)
+            .subs(aliases)
+            .merge(base))
+
+    def transitive_merge(self, node, extract, merge):
+        try:
+            seen = self._transitive_cache[extract, merge]
+        except KeyError:
+            seen = self._transitive_cache[extract, merge] = {}
+        return self.transitive_merge_helper(
+            node, extract, merge, seen, {}, self.cimported_files)[0]
+
+    def transitive_merge_helper(self, node, extract, merge, seen, stack, outgoing):
+        if node in seen:
+            return seen[node], None
+        deps = extract(node)
+        if node in stack:
+            return deps, node
+        try:
+            stack[node] = len(stack)
+            loop = None
+            for next in outgoing(node):
+                sub_deps, sub_loop = self.transitive_merge_helper(next, extract, merge, seen, stack, outgoing)
+                if sub_loop is not None:
+                    if loop is not None and stack[loop] < stack[sub_loop]:
+                        pass
+                    else:
+                        loop = sub_loop
+                deps = merge(deps, sub_deps)
+            if loop == node:
+                loop = None
+            if loop is None:
+                seen[node] = deps
+            return deps, loop
+        finally:
+            del stack[node]
+
+
+_dep_tree = None
+
+def create_dependency_tree(ctx=None, quiet=False):
+    global _dep_tree
+    if _dep_tree is None:
+        if ctx is None:
+            ctx = Context(["."], CompilationOptions(default_options))
+        _dep_tree = DependencyTree(ctx, quiet=quiet)
+    return _dep_tree
+
+
+# If this changes, change also docs/src/reference/compilation.rst
+# which mentions this function
+def default_create_extension(template, kwds):
+    if 'depends' in kwds:
+        include_dirs = kwds.get('include_dirs', []) + ["."]
+        depends = resolve_depends(kwds['depends'], include_dirs)
+        kwds['depends'] = sorted(set(depends + template.depends))
+
+    t = template.__class__
+    ext = t(**kwds)
+    metadata = dict(distutils=kwds, module_name=kwds['name'])
+    return (ext, metadata)
+
+
+# This may be useful for advanced users?
+def create_extension_list(patterns, exclude=None, ctx=None, aliases=None, quiet=False, language=None,
+                          exclude_failures=False):
+    if language is not None:
+        print('Warning: passing language={0!r} to cythonize() is deprecated. '
+              'Instead, put "# distutils: language={0}" in your .pyx or .pxd file(s)'.format(language))
+    if exclude is None:
+        exclude = []
+    if patterns is None:
+        return [], {}
+    elif isinstance(patterns, basestring) or not isinstance(patterns, Iterable):
+        patterns = [patterns]
+    explicit_modules = set([m.name for m in patterns if isinstance(m, Extension)])
+    seen = set()
+    deps = create_dependency_tree(ctx, quiet=quiet)
+    to_exclude = set()
+    if not isinstance(exclude, list):
+        exclude = [exclude]
+    for pattern in exclude:
+        to_exclude.update(map(os.path.abspath, extended_iglob(pattern)))
+
+    module_list = []
+    module_metadata = {}
+
+    # workaround for setuptools
+    if 'setuptools' in sys.modules:
+        Extension_distutils = sys.modules['setuptools.extension']._Extension
+        Extension_setuptools = sys.modules['setuptools'].Extension
+    else:
+        # dummy class, in case we do not have setuptools
+        Extension_distutils = Extension
+        class Extension_setuptools(Extension): pass
+
+    # if no create_extension() function is defined, use a simple
+    # default function.
+    create_extension = ctx.options.create_extension or default_create_extension
+
+    for pattern in patterns:
+        if isinstance(pattern, str):
+            filepattern = pattern
+            template = Extension(pattern, [])  # Fake Extension without sources
+            name = '*'
+            base = None
+            ext_language = language
+        elif isinstance(pattern, (Extension_distutils, Extension_setuptools)):
+            cython_sources = [s for s in pattern.sources
+                              if os.path.splitext(s)[1] in ('.py', '.pyx')]
+            if cython_sources:
+                filepattern = cython_sources[0]
+                if len(cython_sources) > 1:
+                    print("Warning: Multiple cython sources found for extension '%s': %s\n"
+                          "See http://cython.readthedocs.io/en/latest/src/userguide/sharing_declarations.html "
+                          "for sharing declarations among Cython files." % (pattern.name, cython_sources))
+            else:
+                # ignore non-cython modules
+                module_list.append(pattern)
+                continue
+            template = pattern
+            name = template.name
+            base = DistutilsInfo(exn=template)
+            ext_language = None  # do not override whatever the Extension says
+        else:
+            msg = str("pattern is not of type str nor subclass of Extension (%s)"
+                      " but of type %s and class %s" % (repr(Extension),
+                                                        type(pattern),
+                                                        pattern.__class__))
+            raise TypeError(msg)
+
+        for file in nonempty(sorted(extended_iglob(filepattern)), "'%s' doesn't match any files" % filepattern):
+            if os.path.abspath(file) in to_exclude:
+                continue
+            module_name = deps.fully_qualified_name(file)
+            if '*' in name:
+                if module_name in explicit_modules:
+                    continue
+            elif name:
+                module_name = name
+
+            Utils.raise_error_if_module_name_forbidden(module_name)
+
+            if module_name not in seen:
+                try:
+                    kwds = deps.distutils_info(file, aliases, base).values
+                except Exception:
+                    if exclude_failures:
+                        continue
+                    raise
+                if base is not None:
+                    for key, value in base.values.items():
+                        if key not in kwds:
+                            kwds[key] = value
+
+                kwds['name'] = module_name
+
+                sources = [file] + [m for m in template.sources if m != filepattern]
+                if 'sources' in kwds:
+                    # allow users to add .c files etc.
+                    for source in kwds['sources']:
+                        source = encode_filename_in_py2(source)
+                        if source not in sources:
+                            sources.append(source)
+                kwds['sources'] = sources
+
+                if ext_language and 'language' not in kwds:
+                    kwds['language'] = ext_language
+
+                np_pythran = kwds.pop('np_pythran', False)
+
+                # Create the new extension
+                m, metadata = create_extension(template, kwds)
+                m.np_pythran = np_pythran or getattr(m, 'np_pythran', False)
+                if m.np_pythran:
+                    update_pythran_extension(m)
+                module_list.append(m)
+
+                # Store metadata (this will be written as JSON in the
+                # generated C file but otherwise has no purpose)
+                module_metadata[module_name] = metadata
+
+                if file not in m.sources:
+                    # Old setuptools unconditionally replaces .pyx with .c/.cpp
+                    target_file = os.path.splitext(file)[0] + ('.cpp' if m.language == 'c++' else '.c')
+                    try:
+                        m.sources.remove(target_file)
+                    except ValueError:
+                        # never seen this in the wild, but probably better to warn about this unexpected case
+                        print("Warning: Cython source file not found in sources list, adding %s" % file)
+                    m.sources.insert(0, file)
+                seen.add(name)
+    return module_list, module_metadata
+
+
+# This is the user-exposed entry point.
+def cythonize(module_list, exclude=None, nthreads=0, aliases=None, quiet=False, force=False, language=None,
+              exclude_failures=False, **options):
+    """
+    Compile a set of source modules into C/C++ files and return a list of distutils
+    Extension objects for them.
+
+    :param module_list: As module list, pass either a glob pattern, a list of glob
+                        patterns or a list of Extension objects.  The latter
+                        allows you to configure the extensions separately
+                        through the normal distutils options.
+                        You can also pass Extension objects that have
+                        glob patterns as their sources. Then, cythonize
+                        will resolve the pattern and create a
+                        copy of the Extension for every matching file.
+
+    :param exclude: When passing glob patterns as ``module_list``, you can exclude certain
+                    module names explicitly by passing them into the ``exclude`` option.
+
+    :param nthreads: The number of concurrent builds for parallel compilation
+                     (requires the ``multiprocessing`` module).
+
+    :param aliases: If you want to use compiler directives like ``# distutils: ...`` but
+                    can only know at compile time (when running the ``setup.py``) which values
+                    to use, you can use aliases and pass a dictionary mapping those aliases
+                    to Python strings when calling :func:`cythonize`. As an example, say you
+                    want to use the compiler
+                    directive ``# distutils: include_dirs = ../static_libs/include/``
+                    but this path isn't always fixed and you want to find it when running
+                    the ``setup.py``. You can then do ``# distutils: include_dirs = MY_HEADERS``,
+                    find the value of ``MY_HEADERS`` in the ``setup.py``, put it in a python
+                    variable called ``foo`` as a string, and then call
+                    ``cythonize(..., aliases={'MY_HEADERS': foo})``.
+
+    :param quiet: If True, Cython won't print error, warning, or status messages during the
+                  compilation.
+
+    :param force: Forces the recompilation of the Cython modules, even if the timestamps
+                  don't indicate that a recompilation is necessary.
+
+    :param language: To globally enable C++ mode, you can pass ``language='c++'``. Otherwise, this
+                     will be determined at a per-file level based on compiler directives.  This
+                     affects only modules found based on file names.  Extension instances passed
+                     into :func:`cythonize` will not be changed. It is recommended to rather
+                     use the compiler directive ``# distutils: language = c++`` than this option.
+
+    :param exclude_failures: For a broad 'try to compile' mode that ignores compilation
+                             failures and simply excludes the failed extensions,
+                             pass ``exclude_failures=True``. Note that this only
+                             really makes sense for compiling ``.py`` files which can also
+                             be used without compilation.
+
+    :param annotate: If ``True``, will produce a HTML file for each of the ``.pyx`` or ``.py``
+                     files compiled. The HTML file gives an indication
+                     of how much Python interaction there is in
+                     each of the source code lines, compared to plain C code.
+                     It also allows you to see the C/C++ code
+                     generated for each line of Cython code. This report is invaluable when
+                     optimizing a function for speed,
+                     and for determining when to :ref:`release the GIL <nogil>`:
+                     in general, a ``nogil`` block may contain only "white" code.
+                     See examples in :ref:`determining_where_to_add_types` or
+                     :ref:`primes`.
+
+    :param compiler_directives: Allow to set compiler directives in the ``setup.py`` like this:
+                                ``compiler_directives={'embedsignature': True}``.
+                                See :ref:`compiler-directives`.
+
+    :param depfile: produce depfiles for the sources if True.
+    """
+    if exclude is None:
+        exclude = []
+    if 'include_path' not in options:
+        options['include_path'] = ['.']
+    if 'common_utility_include_dir' in options:
+        safe_makedirs(options['common_utility_include_dir'])
+
+    depfile = options.pop('depfile', None)
+
+    if pythran is None:
+        pythran_options = None
+    else:
+        pythran_options = CompilationOptions(**options)
+        pythran_options.cplus = True
+        pythran_options.np_pythran = True
+
+    if force is None:
+        force = os.environ.get("CYTHON_FORCE_REGEN") == "1"  # allow global overrides for build systems
+
+    c_options = CompilationOptions(**options)
+    cpp_options = CompilationOptions(**options); cpp_options.cplus = True
+    ctx = c_options.create_context()
+    options = c_options
+    module_list, module_metadata = create_extension_list(
+        module_list,
+        exclude=exclude,
+        ctx=ctx,
+        quiet=quiet,
+        exclude_failures=exclude_failures,
+        language=language,
+        aliases=aliases)
+    deps = create_dependency_tree(ctx, quiet=quiet)
+    build_dir = getattr(options, 'build_dir', None)
+
+    def copy_to_build_dir(filepath, root=os.getcwd()):
+        filepath_abs = os.path.abspath(filepath)
+        if os.path.isabs(filepath):
+            filepath = filepath_abs
+        if filepath_abs.startswith(root):
+            # distutil extension depends are relative to cwd
+            mod_dir = join_path(build_dir,
+                                os.path.dirname(_relpath(filepath, root)))
+            copy_once_if_newer(filepath_abs, mod_dir)
+
+    modules_by_cfile = collections.defaultdict(list)
+    to_compile = []
+    for m in module_list:
+        if build_dir:
+            for dep in m.depends:
+                copy_to_build_dir(dep)
+
+        cy_sources = [
+            source for source in m.sources
+            if os.path.splitext(source)[1] in ('.pyx', '.py')]
+        if len(cy_sources) == 1:
+            # normal "special" case: believe the Extension module name to allow user overrides
+            full_module_name = m.name
+        else:
+            # infer FQMN from source files
+            full_module_name = None
+
+        new_sources = []
+        for source in m.sources:
+            base, ext = os.path.splitext(source)
+            if ext in ('.pyx', '.py'):
+                if m.np_pythran:
+                    c_file = base + '.cpp'
+                    options = pythran_options
+                elif m.language == 'c++':
+                    c_file = base + '.cpp'
+                    options = cpp_options
+                else:
+                    c_file = base + '.c'
+                    options = c_options
+
+                # setup for out of place build directory if enabled
+                if build_dir:
+                    if os.path.isabs(c_file):
+                      warnings.warn("build_dir has no effect for absolute source paths")
+                    c_file = os.path.join(build_dir, c_file)
+                    dir = os.path.dirname(c_file)
+                    safe_makedirs_once(dir)
+
+                # write out the depfile, if requested
+                if depfile:
+                    dependencies = deps.all_dependencies(source)
+                    write_depfile(c_file, source, dependencies)
+
+                if os.path.exists(c_file):
+                    c_timestamp = os.path.getmtime(c_file)
+                else:
+                    c_timestamp = -1
+
+                # Priority goes first to modified files, second to direct
+                # dependents, and finally to indirect dependents.
+                if c_timestamp < deps.timestamp(source):
+                    dep_timestamp, dep = deps.timestamp(source), source
+                    priority = 0
+                else:
+                    dep_timestamp, dep = deps.newest_dependency(source)
+                    priority = 2 - (dep in deps.immediate_dependencies(source))
+                if force or c_timestamp < dep_timestamp:
+                    if not quiet and not force:
+                        if source == dep:
+                            print("Compiling %s because it changed." % source)
+                        else:
+                            print("Compiling %s because it depends on %s." % (source, dep))
+                    if not force and options.cache:
+                        fingerprint = deps.transitive_fingerprint(source, m, options)
+                    else:
+                        fingerprint = None
+                    to_compile.append((
+                        priority, source, c_file, fingerprint, quiet,
+                        options, not exclude_failures, module_metadata.get(m.name),
+                        full_module_name))
+                new_sources.append(c_file)
+                modules_by_cfile[c_file].append(m)
+            else:
+                new_sources.append(source)
+                if build_dir:
+                    copy_to_build_dir(source)
+        m.sources = new_sources
+
+    if options.cache:
+        if not os.path.exists(options.cache):
+            os.makedirs(options.cache)
+    to_compile.sort()
+    # Drop "priority" component of "to_compile" entries and add a
+    # simple progress indicator.
+    N = len(to_compile)
+    progress_fmt = "[{0:%d}/{1}] " % len(str(N))
+    for i in range(N):
+        progress = progress_fmt.format(i+1, N)
+        to_compile[i] = to_compile[i][1:] + (progress,)
+
+    if N <= 1:
+        nthreads = 0
+    if nthreads:
+        # Requires multiprocessing (or Python >= 2.6)
+        try:
+            import multiprocessing
+            pool = multiprocessing.Pool(
+                nthreads, initializer=_init_multiprocessing_helper)
+        except (ImportError, OSError):
+            print("multiprocessing required for parallel cythonization")
+            nthreads = 0
+        else:
+            # This is a bit more involved than it should be, because KeyboardInterrupts
+            # break the multiprocessing workers when using a normal pool.map().
+            # See, for example:
+            # http://noswap.com/blog/python-multiprocessing-keyboardinterrupt
+            try:
+                result = pool.map_async(cythonize_one_helper, to_compile, chunksize=1)
+                pool.close()
+                while not result.ready():
+                    try:
+                        result.get(99999)  # seconds
+                    except multiprocessing.TimeoutError:
+                        pass
+            except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                pool.terminate()
+                raise
+            pool.join()
+    if not nthreads:
+        for args in to_compile:
+            cythonize_one(*args)
+
+    if exclude_failures:
+        failed_modules = set()
+        for c_file, modules in modules_by_cfile.items():
+            if not os.path.exists(c_file):
+                failed_modules.update(modules)
+            elif os.path.getsize(c_file) < 200:
+                f = io_open(c_file, 'r', encoding='iso8859-1')
+                try:
+                    if f.read(len('#error ')) == '#error ':
+                        # dead compilation result
+                        failed_modules.update(modules)
+                finally:
+                    f.close()
+        if failed_modules:
+            for module in failed_modules:
+                module_list.remove(module)
+            print("Failed compilations: %s" % ', '.join(sorted([
+                module.name for module in failed_modules])))
+
+    if options.cache:
+        cleanup_cache(options.cache, getattr(options, 'cache_size', 1024 * 1024 * 100))
+    # cythonize() is often followed by the (non-Python-buffered)
+    # compiler output, flush now to avoid interleaving output.
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+    return module_list
+
+
+if os.environ.get('XML_RESULTS'):
+    compile_result_dir = os.environ['XML_RESULTS']
+    def record_results(func):
+        def with_record(*args):
+            t = time.time()
+            success = True
+            try:
+                try:
+                    func(*args)
+                except:
+                    success = False
+            finally:
+                t = time.time() - t
+                module = fully_qualified_name(args[0])
+                name = "cythonize." + module
+                failures = 1 - success
+                if success:
+                    failure_item = ""
+                else:
+                    failure_item = "failure"
+                output = open(os.path.join(compile_result_dir, name + ".xml"), "w")
+                output.write("""
+                    <?xml version="1.0" ?>
+                    <testsuite name="%(name)s" errors="0" failures="%(failures)s" tests="1" time="%(t)s">
+                    <testcase classname="%(name)s" name="cythonize">
+                    %(failure_item)s
+                    </testcase>
+                    </testsuite>
+                """.strip() % locals())
+                output.close()
+        return with_record
+else:
+    def record_results(func):
+        return func
+
+
+# TODO: Share context? Issue: pyx processing leaks into pxd module
+@record_results
+def cythonize_one(pyx_file, c_file, fingerprint, quiet, options=None,
+                  raise_on_failure=True, embedded_metadata=None, full_module_name=None,
+                  progress=""):
+    from ..Compiler.Main import compile_single, default_options
+    from ..Compiler.Errors import CompileError, PyrexError
+
+    if fingerprint:
+        if not os.path.exists(options.cache):
+            safe_makedirs(options.cache)
+        # Cython-generated c files are highly compressible.
+        # (E.g. a compression ratio of about 10 for Sage).
+        fingerprint_file_base = join_path(
+            options.cache, "%s-%s" % (os.path.basename(c_file), fingerprint))
+        gz_fingerprint_file = fingerprint_file_base + gzip_ext
+        zip_fingerprint_file = fingerprint_file_base + '.zip'
+        if os.path.exists(gz_fingerprint_file) or os.path.exists(zip_fingerprint_file):
+            if not quiet:
+                print("%sFound compiled %s in cache" % (progress, pyx_file))
+            if os.path.exists(gz_fingerprint_file):
+                os.utime(gz_fingerprint_file, None)
+                with contextlib.closing(gzip_open(gz_fingerprint_file, 'rb')) as g:
+                    with contextlib.closing(open(c_file, 'wb')) as f:
+                        shutil.copyfileobj(g, f)
+            else:
+                os.utime(zip_fingerprint_file, None)
+                dirname = os.path.dirname(c_file)
+                with contextlib.closing(zipfile.ZipFile(zip_fingerprint_file)) as z:
+                    for artifact in z.namelist():
+                        z.extract(artifact, os.path.join(dirname, artifact))
+            return
+    if not quiet:
+        print("%sCythonizing %s" % (progress, pyx_file))
+    if options is None:
+        options = CompilationOptions(default_options)
+    options.output_file = c_file
+    options.embedded_metadata = embedded_metadata
+
+    any_failures = 0
+    try:
+        result = compile_single(pyx_file, options, full_module_name=full_module_name)
+        if result.num_errors > 0:
+            any_failures = 1
+    except (EnvironmentError, PyrexError) as e:
+        sys.stderr.write('%s\n' % e)
+        any_failures = 1
+        # XXX
+        import traceback
+        traceback.print_exc()
+    except Exception:
+        if raise_on_failure:
+            raise
+        import traceback
+        traceback.print_exc()
+        any_failures = 1
+    if any_failures:
+        if raise_on_failure:
+            raise CompileError(None, pyx_file)
+        elif os.path.exists(c_file):
+            os.remove(c_file)
+    elif fingerprint:
+        artifacts = list(filter(None, [
+            getattr(result, attr, None)
+            for attr in ('c_file', 'h_file', 'api_file', 'i_file')]))
+        if len(artifacts) == 1:
+            fingerprint_file = gz_fingerprint_file
+            with contextlib.closing(open(c_file, 'rb')) as f:
+                with contextlib.closing(gzip_open(fingerprint_file + '.tmp', 'wb')) as g:
+                    shutil.copyfileobj(f, g)
+        else:
+            fingerprint_file = zip_fingerprint_file
+            with contextlib.closing(zipfile.ZipFile(
+                fingerprint_file + '.tmp', 'w', zipfile_compression_mode)) as zip:
+                for artifact in artifacts:
+                    zip.write(artifact, os.path.basename(artifact))
+        os.rename(fingerprint_file + '.tmp', fingerprint_file)
+
+
+def cythonize_one_helper(m):
+    import traceback
+    try:
+        return cythonize_one(*m)
+    except Exception:
+        traceback.print_exc()
+        raise
+
+
+def _init_multiprocessing_helper():
+    # KeyboardInterrupt kills workers, so don't let them get it
+    import signal
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.SIG_IGN)
+
+
+def cleanup_cache(cache, target_size, ratio=.85):
+    try:
+        p = subprocess.Popen(['du', '-s', '-k', os.path.abspath(cache)], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+        res = p.wait()
+        if res == 0:
+            total_size = 1024 * int(p.stdout.read().strip().split()[0])
+            if total_size < target_size:
+                return
+    except (OSError, ValueError):
+        pass
+    total_size = 0
+    all = []
+    for file in os.listdir(cache):
+        path = join_path(cache, file)
+        s = os.stat(path)
+        total_size += s.st_size
+        all.append((s.st_atime, s.st_size, path))
+    if total_size > target_size:
+        for time, size, file in reversed(sorted(all)):
+            os.unlink(file)
+            total_size -= size
+            if total_size < target_size * ratio:
+                break

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Build/Distutils.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from Cython.Distutils.build_ext import build_ext

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Build/Inline.py

@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import hashlib
+import inspect
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+
+from distutils.core import Distribution, Extension
+from distutils.command.build_ext import build_ext
+
+import Cython
+from ..Compiler.Main import Context, default_options
+
+from ..Compiler.Visitor import CythonTransform, EnvTransform
+from ..Compiler.ParseTreeTransforms import SkipDeclarations
+from ..Compiler.TreeFragment import parse_from_strings
+from ..Compiler.StringEncoding import _unicode
+from .Dependencies import strip_string_literals, cythonize, cached_function
+from ..Compiler import Pipeline
+from ..Utils import get_cython_cache_dir
+import cython as cython_module
+
+
+IS_PY3 = sys.version_info >= (3,)
+
+# A utility function to convert user-supplied ASCII strings to unicode.
+if not IS_PY3:
+    def to_unicode(s):
+        if isinstance(s, bytes):
+            return s.decode('ascii')
+        else:
+            return s
+else:
+    to_unicode = lambda x: x
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 5):
+    import imp
+    def load_dynamic(name, module_path):
+        return imp.load_dynamic(name, module_path)
+else:
+    import importlib.util
+    from importlib.machinery import ExtensionFileLoader
+
+    def load_dynamic(name, path):
+        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(name, loader=ExtensionFileLoader(name, path))
+        module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+        spec.loader.exec_module(module)
+        return module
+
+class UnboundSymbols(EnvTransform, SkipDeclarations):
+    def __init__(self):
+        CythonTransform.__init__(self, None)
+        self.unbound = set()
+    def visit_NameNode(self, node):
+        if not self.current_env().lookup(node.name):
+            self.unbound.add(node.name)
+        return node
+    def __call__(self, node):
+        super(UnboundSymbols, self).__call__(node)
+        return self.unbound
+
+
+@cached_function
+def unbound_symbols(code, context=None):
+    code = to_unicode(code)
+    if context is None:
+        context = Context([], default_options)
+    from ..Compiler.ParseTreeTransforms import AnalyseDeclarationsTransform
+    tree = parse_from_strings('(tree fragment)', code)
+    for phase in Pipeline.create_pipeline(context, 'pyx'):
+        if phase is None:
+            continue
+        tree = phase(tree)
+        if isinstance(phase, AnalyseDeclarationsTransform):
+            break
+    try:
+        import builtins
+    except ImportError:
+        import __builtin__ as builtins
+    return tuple(UnboundSymbols()(tree) - set(dir(builtins)))
+
+
+def unsafe_type(arg, context=None):
+    py_type = type(arg)
+    if py_type is int:
+        return 'long'
+    else:
+        return safe_type(arg, context)
+
+
+def safe_type(arg, context=None):
+    py_type = type(arg)
+    if py_type in (list, tuple, dict, str):
+        return py_type.__name__
+    elif py_type is complex:
+        return 'double complex'
+    elif py_type is float:
+        return 'double'
+    elif py_type is bool:
+        return 'bint'
+    elif 'numpy' in sys.modules and isinstance(arg, sys.modules['numpy'].ndarray):
+        return 'numpy.ndarray[numpy.%s_t, ndim=%s]' % (arg.dtype.name, arg.ndim)
+    else:
+        for base_type in py_type.__mro__:
+            if base_type.__module__ in ('__builtin__', 'builtins'):
+                return 'object'
+            module = context.find_module(base_type.__module__, need_pxd=False)
+            if module:
+                entry = module.lookup(base_type.__name__)
+                if entry.is_type:
+                    return '%s.%s' % (base_type.__module__, base_type.__name__)
+        return 'object'
+
+
+def _get_build_extension():
+    dist = Distribution()
+    # Ensure the build respects distutils configuration by parsing
+    # the configuration files
+    config_files = dist.find_config_files()
+    dist.parse_config_files(config_files)
+    build_extension = build_ext(dist)
+    build_extension.finalize_options()
+    return build_extension
+
+
+@cached_function
+def _create_context(cython_include_dirs):
+    return Context(list(cython_include_dirs), default_options)
+
+
+_cython_inline_cache = {}
+_cython_inline_default_context = _create_context(('.',))
+
+
+def _populate_unbound(kwds, unbound_symbols, locals=None, globals=None):
+    for symbol in unbound_symbols:
+        if symbol not in kwds:
+            if locals is None or globals is None:
+                calling_frame = inspect.currentframe().f_back.f_back.f_back
+                if locals is None:
+                    locals = calling_frame.f_locals
+                if globals is None:
+                    globals = calling_frame.f_globals
+            if symbol in locals:
+                kwds[symbol] = locals[symbol]
+            elif symbol in globals:
+                kwds[symbol] = globals[symbol]
+            else:
+                print("Couldn't find %r" % symbol)
+
+
+def _inline_key(orig_code, arg_sigs, language_level):
+    key = orig_code, arg_sigs, sys.version_info, sys.executable, language_level, Cython.__version__
+    return hashlib.sha1(_unicode(key).encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
+
+
+def cython_inline(code, get_type=unsafe_type,
+                  lib_dir=os.path.join(get_cython_cache_dir(), 'inline'),
+                  cython_include_dirs=None, cython_compiler_directives=None,
+                  force=False, quiet=False, locals=None, globals=None, language_level=None, **kwds):
+
+    if get_type is None:
+        get_type = lambda x: 'object'
+    ctx = _create_context(tuple(cython_include_dirs)) if cython_include_dirs else _cython_inline_default_context
+
+    cython_compiler_directives = dict(cython_compiler_directives) if cython_compiler_directives else {}
+    if language_level is None and 'language_level' not in cython_compiler_directives:
+        language_level = '3str'
+    if language_level is not None:
+        cython_compiler_directives['language_level'] = language_level
+
+    # Fast path if this has been called in this session.
+    _unbound_symbols = _cython_inline_cache.get(code)
+    if _unbound_symbols is not None:
+        _populate_unbound(kwds, _unbound_symbols, locals, globals)
+        args = sorted(kwds.items())
+        arg_sigs = tuple([(get_type(value, ctx), arg) for arg, value in args])
+        key_hash = _inline_key(code, arg_sigs, language_level)
+        invoke = _cython_inline_cache.get((code, arg_sigs, key_hash))
+        if invoke is not None:
+            arg_list = [arg[1] for arg in args]
+            return invoke(*arg_list)
+
+    orig_code = code
+    code = to_unicode(code)
+    code, literals = strip_string_literals(code)
+    code = strip_common_indent(code)
+    if locals is None:
+        locals = inspect.currentframe().f_back.f_back.f_locals
+    if globals is None:
+        globals = inspect.currentframe().f_back.f_back.f_globals
+    try:
+        _cython_inline_cache[orig_code] = _unbound_symbols = unbound_symbols(code)
+        _populate_unbound(kwds, _unbound_symbols, locals, globals)
+    except AssertionError:
+        if not quiet:
+            # Parsing from strings not fully supported (e.g. cimports).
+            print("Could not parse code as a string (to extract unbound symbols).")
+
+    cimports = []
+    for name, arg in list(kwds.items()):
+        if arg is cython_module:
+            cimports.append('\ncimport cython as %s' % name)
+            del kwds[name]
+    arg_names = sorted(kwds)
+    arg_sigs = tuple([(get_type(kwds[arg], ctx), arg) for arg in arg_names])
+    key_hash = _inline_key(orig_code, arg_sigs, language_level)
+    module_name = "_cython_inline_" + key_hash
+
+    if module_name in sys.modules:
+        module = sys.modules[module_name]
+
+    else:
+        build_extension = None
+        if cython_inline.so_ext is None:
+            # Figure out and cache current extension suffix
+            build_extension = _get_build_extension()
+            cython_inline.so_ext = build_extension.get_ext_filename('')
+
+        module_path = os.path.join(lib_dir, module_name + cython_inline.so_ext)
+
+        if not os.path.exists(lib_dir):
+            os.makedirs(lib_dir)
+        if force or not os.path.isfile(module_path):
+            cflags = []
+            c_include_dirs = []
+            qualified = re.compile(r'([.\w]+)[.]')
+            for type, _ in arg_sigs:
+                m = qualified.match(type)
+                if m:
+                    cimports.append('\ncimport %s' % m.groups()[0])
+                    # one special case
+                    if m.groups()[0] == 'numpy':
+                        import numpy
+                        c_include_dirs.append(numpy.get_include())
+                        # cflags.append('-Wno-unused')
+            module_body, func_body = extract_func_code(code)
+            params = ', '.join(['%s %s' % a for a in arg_sigs])
+            module_code = """
+%(module_body)s
+%(cimports)s
+def __invoke(%(params)s):
+%(func_body)s
+    return locals()
+            """ % {'cimports': '\n'.join(cimports),
+                   'module_body': module_body,
+                   'params': params,
+                   'func_body': func_body }
+            for key, value in literals.items():
+                module_code = module_code.replace(key, value)
+            pyx_file = os.path.join(lib_dir, module_name + '.pyx')
+            fh = open(pyx_file, 'w')
+            try:
+                fh.write(module_code)
+            finally:
+                fh.close()
+            extension = Extension(
+                name = module_name,
+                sources = [pyx_file],
+                include_dirs = c_include_dirs,
+                extra_compile_args = cflags)
+            if build_extension is None:
+                build_extension = _get_build_extension()
+            build_extension.extensions = cythonize(
+                [extension],
+                include_path=cython_include_dirs or ['.'],
+                compiler_directives=cython_compiler_directives,
+                quiet=quiet)
+            build_extension.build_temp = os.path.dirname(pyx_file)
+            build_extension.build_lib  = lib_dir
+            build_extension.run()
+
+        module = load_dynamic(module_name, module_path)
+
+    _cython_inline_cache[orig_code, arg_sigs, key_hash] = module.__invoke
+    arg_list = [kwds[arg] for arg in arg_names]
+    return module.__invoke(*arg_list)
+
+
+# Cached suffix used by cython_inline above.  None should get
+# overridden with actual value upon the first cython_inline invocation
+cython_inline.so_ext = None
+
+_find_non_space = re.compile('[^ ]').search
+
+
+def strip_common_indent(code):
+    min_indent = None
+    lines = code.splitlines()
+    for line in lines:
+        match = _find_non_space(line)
+        if not match:
+            continue  # blank
+        indent = match.start()
+        if line[indent] == '#':
+            continue  # comment
+        if min_indent is None or min_indent > indent:
+            min_indent = indent
+    for ix, line in enumerate(lines):
+        match = _find_non_space(line)
+        if not match or not line or line[indent:indent+1] == '#':
+            continue
+        lines[ix] = line[min_indent:]
+    return '\n'.join(lines)
+
+
+module_statement = re.compile(r'^((cdef +(extern|class))|cimport|(from .+ cimport)|(from .+ import +[*]))')
+def extract_func_code(code):
+    module = []
+    function = []
+    current = function
+    code = code.replace('\t', ' ')
+    lines = code.split('\n')
+    for line in lines:
+        if not line.startswith(' '):
+            if module_statement.match(line):
+                current = module
+            else:
+                current = function
+        current.append(line)
+    return '\n'.join(module), '    ' + '\n    '.join(function)
+
+
+try:
+    from inspect import getcallargs
+except ImportError:
+    def getcallargs(func, *arg_values, **kwd_values):
+        all = {}
+        args, varargs, kwds, defaults = inspect.getargspec(func)
+        if varargs is not None:
+            all[varargs] = arg_values[len(args):]
+        for name, value in zip(args, arg_values):
+            all[name] = value
+        for name, value in list(kwd_values.items()):
+            if name in args:
+                if name in all:
+                    raise TypeError("Duplicate argument %s" % name)
+                all[name] = kwd_values.pop(name)
+        if kwds is not None:
+            all[kwds] = kwd_values
+        elif kwd_values:
+            raise TypeError("Unexpected keyword arguments: %s" % list(kwd_values))
+        if defaults is None:
+            defaults = ()
+        first_default = len(args) - len(defaults)
+        for ix, name in enumerate(args):
+            if name not in all:
+                if ix >= first_default:
+                    all[name] = defaults[ix - first_default]
+                else:
+                    raise TypeError("Missing argument: %s" % name)
+        return all
+
+
+def get_body(source):
+    ix = source.index(':')
+    if source[:5] == 'lambda':
+        return "return %s" % source[ix+1:]
+    else:
+        return source[ix+1:]
+
+
+# Lots to be done here... It would be especially cool if compiled functions
+# could invoke each other quickly.
+class RuntimeCompiledFunction(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, f):
+        self._f = f
+        self._body = get_body(inspect.getsource(f))
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwds):
+        all = getcallargs(self._f, *args, **kwds)
+        if IS_PY3:
+            return cython_inline(self._body, locals=self._f.__globals__, globals=self._f.__globals__, **all)
+        else:
+            return cython_inline(self._body, locals=self._f.func_globals, globals=self._f.func_globals, **all)

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Build/IpythonMagic.py

@@ -0,0 +1,564 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+=====================
+Cython related magics
+=====================
+
+Magic command interface for interactive work with Cython
+
+.. note::
+
+  The ``Cython`` package needs to be installed separately. It
+  can be obtained using ``easy_install`` or ``pip``.
+
+Usage
+=====
+
+To enable the magics below, execute ``%load_ext cython``.
+
+``%%cython``
+
+{CYTHON_DOC}
+
+``%%cython_inline``
+
+{CYTHON_INLINE_DOC}
+
+``%%cython_pyximport``
+
+{CYTHON_PYXIMPORT_DOC}
+
+Author:
+* Brian Granger
+
+Code moved from IPython and adapted by:
+* Martín Gaitán
+
+Parts of this code were taken from Cython.inline.
+"""
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2011, IPython Development Team.
+#
+# Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
+#
+# The full license is in the file ipython-COPYING.rst, distributed with this software.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
+
+import io
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import time
+import copy
+import distutils.log
+import textwrap
+
+IO_ENCODING = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
+IS_PY2 = sys.version_info[0] < 3
+
+try:
+    reload
+except NameError:   # Python 3
+    from imp import reload
+
+try:
+    import hashlib
+except ImportError:
+    import md5 as hashlib
+
+from distutils.core import Distribution, Extension
+from distutils.command.build_ext import build_ext
+
+from IPython.core import display
+from IPython.core import magic_arguments
+from IPython.core.magic import Magics, magics_class, cell_magic
+try:
+    from IPython.paths import get_ipython_cache_dir
+except ImportError:
+    # older IPython version
+    from IPython.utils.path import get_ipython_cache_dir
+from IPython.utils.text import dedent
+
+from ..Shadow import __version__ as cython_version
+from ..Compiler.Errors import CompileError
+from .Inline import cython_inline, load_dynamic
+from .Dependencies import cythonize
+
+
+PGO_CONFIG = {
+    'gcc': {
+        'gen': ['-fprofile-generate', '-fprofile-dir={TEMPDIR}'],
+        'use': ['-fprofile-use', '-fprofile-correction', '-fprofile-dir={TEMPDIR}'],
+    },
+    # blind copy from 'configure' script in CPython 3.7
+    'icc': {
+        'gen': ['-prof-gen'],
+        'use': ['-prof-use'],
+    }
+}
+PGO_CONFIG['mingw32'] = PGO_CONFIG['gcc']
+
+
+if IS_PY2:
+    def encode_fs(name):
+        return name if isinstance(name, bytes) else name.encode(IO_ENCODING)
+else:
+    def encode_fs(name):
+        return name
+
+
+@magics_class
+class CythonMagics(Magics):
+
+    def __init__(self, shell):
+        super(CythonMagics, self).__init__(shell)
+        self._reloads = {}
+        self._code_cache = {}
+        self._pyximport_installed = False
+
+    def _import_all(self, module):
+        mdict = module.__dict__
+        if '__all__' in mdict:
+            keys = mdict['__all__']
+        else:
+            keys = [k for k in mdict if not k.startswith('_')]
+
+        for k in keys:
+            try:
+                self.shell.push({k: mdict[k]})
+            except KeyError:
+                msg = "'module' object has no attribute '%s'" % k
+                raise AttributeError(msg)
+
+    @cell_magic
+    def cython_inline(self, line, cell):
+        """Compile and run a Cython code cell using Cython.inline.
+
+        This magic simply passes the body of the cell to Cython.inline
+        and returns the result. If the variables `a` and `b` are defined
+        in the user's namespace, here is a simple example that returns
+        their sum::
+
+            %%cython_inline
+            return a+b
+
+        For most purposes, we recommend the usage of the `%%cython` magic.
+        """
+        locs = self.shell.user_global_ns
+        globs = self.shell.user_ns
+        return cython_inline(cell, locals=locs, globals=globs)
+
+    @cell_magic
+    def cython_pyximport(self, line, cell):
+        """Compile and import a Cython code cell using pyximport.
+
+        The contents of the cell are written to a `.pyx` file in the current
+        working directory, which is then imported using `pyximport`. This
+        magic requires a module name to be passed::
+
+            %%cython_pyximport modulename
+            def f(x):
+                return 2.0*x
+
+        The compiled module is then imported and all of its symbols are
+        injected into the user's namespace. For most purposes, we recommend
+        the usage of the `%%cython` magic.
+        """
+        module_name = line.strip()
+        if not module_name:
+            raise ValueError('module name must be given')
+        fname = module_name + '.pyx'
+        with io.open(fname, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            f.write(cell)
+        if 'pyximport' not in sys.modules or not self._pyximport_installed:
+            import pyximport
+            pyximport.install()
+            self._pyximport_installed = True
+        if module_name in self._reloads:
+            module = self._reloads[module_name]
+            # Note: reloading extension modules is not actually supported
+            # (requires PEP-489 reinitialisation support).
+            # Don't know why this should ever have worked as it reads here.
+            # All we really need to do is to update the globals below.
+            #reload(module)
+        else:
+            __import__(module_name)
+            module = sys.modules[module_name]
+            self._reloads[module_name] = module
+        self._import_all(module)
+
+    @magic_arguments.magic_arguments()
+    @magic_arguments.argument(
+        '-a', '--annotate', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help="Produce a colorized HTML version of the source."
+    )
+    @magic_arguments.argument(
+        '-+', '--cplus', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help="Output a C++ rather than C file."
+    )
+    @magic_arguments.argument(
+        '-3', dest='language_level', action='store_const', const=3, default=None,
+        help="Select Python 3 syntax."
+    )
+    @magic_arguments.argument(
+        '-2', dest='language_level', action='store_const', const=2, default=None,
+        help="Select Python 2 syntax."
+    )
+    @magic_arguments.argument(
+        '-f', '--force', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help="Force the compilation of a new module, even if the source has been "
+             "previously compiled."
+    )
+    @magic_arguments.argument(
+        '-c', '--compile-args', action='append', default=[],
+        help="Extra flags to pass to compiler via the `extra_compile_args` "
+             "Extension flag (can be specified  multiple times)."
+    )
+    @magic_arguments.argument(
+        '--link-args', action='append', default=[],
+        help="Extra flags to pass to linker via the `extra_link_args` "
+             "Extension flag (can be specified  multiple times)."
+    )
+    @magic_arguments.argument(
+        '-l', '--lib', action='append', default=[],
+        help="Add a library to link the extension against (can be specified "
+             "multiple times)."
+    )
+    @magic_arguments.argument(
+        '-n', '--name',
+        help="Specify a name for the Cython module."
+    )
+    @magic_arguments.argument(
+        '-L', dest='library_dirs', metavar='dir', action='append', default=[],
+        help="Add a path to the list of library directories (can be specified "
+             "multiple times)."
+    )
+    @magic_arguments.argument(
+        '-I', '--include', action='append', default=[],
+        help="Add a path to the list of include directories (can be specified "
+             "multiple times)."
+    )
+    @magic_arguments.argument(
+        '-S', '--src', action='append', default=[],
+        help="Add a path to the list of src files (can be specified "
+             "multiple times)."
+    )
+    @magic_arguments.argument(
+        '--pgo', dest='pgo', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help=("Enable profile guided optimisation in the C compiler. "
+              "Compiles the cell twice and executes it in between to generate a runtime profile.")
+    )
+    @magic_arguments.argument(
+        '--verbose', dest='quiet', action='store_false', default=True,
+        help=("Print debug information like generated .c/.cpp file location "
+              "and exact gcc/g++ command invoked.")
+    )
+    @cell_magic
+    def cython(self, line, cell):
+        """Compile and import everything from a Cython code cell.
+
+        The contents of the cell are written to a `.pyx` file in the
+        directory `IPYTHONDIR/cython` using a filename with the hash of the
+        code. This file is then cythonized and compiled. The resulting module
+        is imported and all of its symbols are injected into the user's
+        namespace. The usage is similar to that of `%%cython_pyximport` but
+        you don't have to pass a module name::
+
+            %%cython
+            def f(x):
+                return 2.0*x
+
+        To compile OpenMP codes, pass the required  `--compile-args`
+        and `--link-args`.  For example with gcc::
+
+            %%cython --compile-args=-fopenmp --link-args=-fopenmp
+            ...
+
+        To enable profile guided optimisation, pass the ``--pgo`` option.
+        Note that the cell itself needs to take care of establishing a suitable
+        profile when executed. This can be done by implementing the functions to
+        optimise, and then calling them directly in the same cell on some realistic
+        training data like this::
+
+            %%cython --pgo
+            def critical_function(data):
+                for item in data:
+                    ...
+
+            # execute function several times to build profile
+            from somewhere import some_typical_data
+            for _ in range(100):
+                critical_function(some_typical_data)
+
+        In Python 3.5 and later, you can distinguish between the profile and
+        non-profile runs as follows::
+
+            if "_pgo_" in __name__:
+                ...  # execute critical code here
+        """
+        args = magic_arguments.parse_argstring(self.cython, line)
+        code = cell if cell.endswith('\n') else cell + '\n'
+        lib_dir = os.path.join(get_ipython_cache_dir(), 'cython')
+        key = (code, line, sys.version_info, sys.executable, cython_version)
+
+        if not os.path.exists(lib_dir):
+            os.makedirs(lib_dir)
+
+        if args.pgo:
+            key += ('pgo',)
+        if args.force:
+            # Force a new module name by adding the current time to the
+            # key which is hashed to determine the module name.
+            key += (time.time(),)
+
+        if args.name:
+            module_name = str(args.name)  # no-op in Py3
+        else:
+            module_name = "_cython_magic_" + hashlib.md5(str(key).encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
+        html_file = os.path.join(lib_dir, module_name + '.html')
+        module_path = os.path.join(lib_dir, module_name + self.so_ext)
+
+        have_module = os.path.isfile(module_path)
+        need_cythonize = args.pgo or not have_module
+
+        if args.annotate:
+            if not os.path.isfile(html_file):
+                need_cythonize = True
+
+        extension = None
+        if need_cythonize:
+            extensions = self._cythonize(module_name, code, lib_dir, args, quiet=args.quiet)
+            if extensions is None:
+                # Compilation failed and printed error message
+                return None
+            assert len(extensions) == 1
+            extension = extensions[0]
+            self._code_cache[key] = module_name
+
+            if args.pgo:
+                self._profile_pgo_wrapper(extension, lib_dir)
+
+        try:
+            self._build_extension(extension, lib_dir, pgo_step_name='use' if args.pgo else None,
+                                  quiet=args.quiet)
+        except distutils.errors.CompileError:
+            # Build failed and printed error message
+            return None
+
+        module = load_dynamic(module_name, module_path)
+        self._import_all(module)
+
+        if args.annotate:
+            try:
+                with io.open(html_file, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                    annotated_html = f.read()
+            except IOError as e:
+                # File could not be opened. Most likely the user has a version
+                # of Cython before 0.15.1 (when `cythonize` learned the
+                # `force` keyword argument) and has already compiled this
+                # exact source without annotation.
+                print('Cython completed successfully but the annotated '
+                      'source could not be read.', file=sys.stderr)
+                print(e, file=sys.stderr)
+            else:
+                return display.HTML(self.clean_annotated_html(annotated_html))
+
+    def _profile_pgo_wrapper(self, extension, lib_dir):
+        """
+        Generate a .c file for a separate extension module that calls the
+        module init function of the original module.  This makes sure that the
+        PGO profiler sees the correct .o file of the final module, but it still
+        allows us to import the module under a different name for profiling,
+        before recompiling it into the PGO optimised module.  Overwriting and
+        reimporting the same shared library is not portable.
+        """
+        extension = copy.copy(extension)  # shallow copy, do not modify sources in place!
+        module_name = extension.name
+        pgo_module_name = '_pgo_' + module_name
+        pgo_wrapper_c_file = os.path.join(lib_dir, pgo_module_name + '.c')
+        with io.open(pgo_wrapper_c_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            f.write(textwrap.dedent(u"""
+            #include "Python.h"
+            #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+            extern PyMODINIT_FUNC init%(module_name)s(void);
+            PyMODINIT_FUNC init%(pgo_module_name)s(void); /*proto*/
+            PyMODINIT_FUNC init%(pgo_module_name)s(void) {
+                PyObject *sys_modules;
+                init%(module_name)s();  if (PyErr_Occurred()) return;
+                sys_modules = PyImport_GetModuleDict();  /* borrowed, no exception, "never" fails */
+                if (sys_modules) {
+                    PyObject *module = PyDict_GetItemString(sys_modules, "%(module_name)s");  if (!module) return;
+                    PyDict_SetItemString(sys_modules, "%(pgo_module_name)s", module);
+                    Py_DECREF(module);
+                }
+            }
+            #else
+            extern PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_%(module_name)s(void);
+            PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_%(pgo_module_name)s(void); /*proto*/
+            PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_%(pgo_module_name)s(void) {
+                return PyInit_%(module_name)s();
+            }
+            #endif
+            """ % {'module_name': module_name, 'pgo_module_name': pgo_module_name}))
+
+        extension.sources = extension.sources + [pgo_wrapper_c_file]  # do not modify in place!
+        extension.name = pgo_module_name
+
+        self._build_extension(extension, lib_dir, pgo_step_name='gen')
+
+        # import and execute module code to generate profile
+        so_module_path = os.path.join(lib_dir, pgo_module_name + self.so_ext)
+        load_dynamic(pgo_module_name, so_module_path)
+
+    def _cythonize(self, module_name, code, lib_dir, args, quiet=True):
+        pyx_file = os.path.join(lib_dir, module_name + '.pyx')
+        pyx_file = encode_fs(pyx_file)
+
+        c_include_dirs = args.include
+        c_src_files = list(map(str, args.src))
+        if 'numpy' in code:
+            import numpy
+            c_include_dirs.append(numpy.get_include())
+        with io.open(pyx_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            f.write(code)
+        extension = Extension(
+            name=module_name,
+            sources=[pyx_file] + c_src_files,
+            include_dirs=c_include_dirs,
+            library_dirs=args.library_dirs,
+            extra_compile_args=args.compile_args,
+            extra_link_args=args.link_args,
+            libraries=args.lib,
+            language='c++' if args.cplus else 'c',
+        )
+        try:
+            opts = dict(
+                quiet=quiet,
+                annotate=args.annotate,
+                force=True,
+            )
+            if args.language_level is not None:
+                assert args.language_level in (2, 3)
+                opts['language_level'] = args.language_level
+            elif sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+                opts['language_level'] = 3
+            return cythonize([extension], **opts)
+        except CompileError:
+            return None
+
+    def _build_extension(self, extension, lib_dir, temp_dir=None, pgo_step_name=None, quiet=True):
+        build_extension = self._get_build_extension(
+            extension, lib_dir=lib_dir, temp_dir=temp_dir, pgo_step_name=pgo_step_name)
+        old_threshold = None
+        try:
+            if not quiet:
+                old_threshold = distutils.log.set_threshold(distutils.log.DEBUG)
+            build_extension.run()
+        finally:
+            if not quiet and old_threshold is not None:
+                distutils.log.set_threshold(old_threshold)
+
+    def _add_pgo_flags(self, build_extension, step_name, temp_dir):
+        compiler_type = build_extension.compiler.compiler_type
+        if compiler_type == 'unix':
+            compiler_cmd = build_extension.compiler.compiler_so
+            # TODO: we could try to call "[cmd] --version" for better insights
+            if not compiler_cmd:
+                pass
+            elif 'clang' in compiler_cmd or 'clang' in compiler_cmd[0]:
+                compiler_type = 'clang'
+            elif 'icc' in compiler_cmd or 'icc' in compiler_cmd[0]:
+                compiler_type = 'icc'
+            elif 'gcc' in compiler_cmd or 'gcc' in compiler_cmd[0]:
+                compiler_type = 'gcc'
+            elif 'g++' in compiler_cmd or 'g++' in compiler_cmd[0]:
+                compiler_type = 'gcc'
+        config = PGO_CONFIG.get(compiler_type)
+        orig_flags = []
+        if config and step_name in config:
+            flags = [f.format(TEMPDIR=temp_dir) for f in config[step_name]]
+            for extension in build_extension.extensions:
+                orig_flags.append((extension.extra_compile_args, extension.extra_link_args))
+                extension.extra_compile_args = extension.extra_compile_args + flags
+                extension.extra_link_args = extension.extra_link_args + flags
+        else:
+            print("No PGO %s configuration known for C compiler type '%s'" % (step_name, compiler_type),
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+        return orig_flags
+
+    @property
+    def so_ext(self):
+        """The extension suffix for compiled modules."""
+        try:
+            return self._so_ext
+        except AttributeError:
+            self._so_ext = self._get_build_extension().get_ext_filename('')
+            return self._so_ext
+
+    def _clear_distutils_mkpath_cache(self):
+        """clear distutils mkpath cache
+
+        prevents distutils from skipping re-creation of dirs that have been removed
+        """
+        try:
+            from distutils.dir_util import _path_created
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            _path_created.clear()
+
+    def _get_build_extension(self, extension=None, lib_dir=None, temp_dir=None,
+                             pgo_step_name=None, _build_ext=build_ext):
+        self._clear_distutils_mkpath_cache()
+        dist = Distribution()
+        config_files = dist.find_config_files()
+        try:
+            config_files.remove('setup.cfg')
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+        dist.parse_config_files(config_files)
+
+        if not temp_dir:
+            temp_dir = lib_dir
+        add_pgo_flags = self._add_pgo_flags
+
+        if pgo_step_name:
+            base_build_ext = _build_ext
+            class _build_ext(_build_ext):
+                def build_extensions(self):
+                    add_pgo_flags(self, pgo_step_name, temp_dir)
+                    base_build_ext.build_extensions(self)
+
+        build_extension = _build_ext(dist)
+        build_extension.finalize_options()
+        if temp_dir:
+            temp_dir = encode_fs(temp_dir)
+            build_extension.build_temp = temp_dir
+        if lib_dir:
+            lib_dir = encode_fs(lib_dir)
+            build_extension.build_lib = lib_dir
+        if extension is not None:
+            build_extension.extensions = [extension]
+        return build_extension
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def clean_annotated_html(html):
+        """Clean up the annotated HTML source.
+
+        Strips the link to the generated C or C++ file, which we do not
+        present to the user.
+        """
+        r = re.compile('<p>Raw output: <a href="(.*)">(.*)</a>')
+        html = '\n'.join(l for l in html.splitlines() if not r.match(l))
+        return html
+
+__doc__ = __doc__.format(
+    # rST doesn't see the -+ flag as part of an option list, so we
+    # hide it from the module-level docstring.
+    CYTHON_DOC=dedent(CythonMagics.cython.__doc__\
+                                  .replace('-+, --cplus', '--cplus    ')),
+    CYTHON_INLINE_DOC=dedent(CythonMagics.cython_inline.__doc__),
+    CYTHON_PYXIMPORT_DOC=dedent(CythonMagics.cython_pyximport.__doc__),
+)

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Build/Tests/TestCyCache.py

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+import difflib
+import glob
+import gzip
+import os
+import tempfile
+
+import Cython.Build.Dependencies
+import Cython.Utils
+from Cython.TestUtils import CythonTest
+
+
+class TestCyCache(CythonTest):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        CythonTest.setUp(self)
+        self.temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(
+            prefix='cycache-test',
+            dir='TEST_TMP' if os.path.isdir('TEST_TMP') else None)
+        self.src_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix='src', dir=self.temp_dir)
+        self.cache_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix='cache', dir=self.temp_dir)
+
+    def cache_files(self, file_glob):
+        return glob.glob(os.path.join(self.cache_dir, file_glob))
+
+    def fresh_cythonize(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        Cython.Utils.clear_function_caches()
+        Cython.Build.Dependencies._dep_tree = None  # discard method caches
+        Cython.Build.Dependencies.cythonize(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def test_cycache_switch(self):
+        content1 = 'value = 1\n'
+        content2 = 'value = 2\n'
+        a_pyx = os.path.join(self.src_dir, 'a.pyx')
+        a_c = a_pyx[:-4] + '.c'
+
+        open(a_pyx, 'w').write(content1)
+        self.fresh_cythonize(a_pyx, cache=self.cache_dir)
+        self.fresh_cythonize(a_pyx, cache=self.cache_dir)
+        self.assertEqual(1, len(self.cache_files('a.c*')))
+        a_contents1 = open(a_c).read()
+        os.unlink(a_c)
+
+        open(a_pyx, 'w').write(content2)
+        self.fresh_cythonize(a_pyx, cache=self.cache_dir)
+        a_contents2 = open(a_c).read()
+        os.unlink(a_c)
+
+        self.assertNotEqual(a_contents1, a_contents2, 'C file not changed!')
+        self.assertEqual(2, len(self.cache_files('a.c*')))
+
+        open(a_pyx, 'w').write(content1)
+        self.fresh_cythonize(a_pyx, cache=self.cache_dir)
+        self.assertEqual(2, len(self.cache_files('a.c*')))
+        a_contents = open(a_c).read()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            a_contents, a_contents1,
+            msg='\n'.join(list(difflib.unified_diff(
+                a_contents.split('\n'), a_contents1.split('\n')))[:10]))
+
+    def test_cycache_uses_cache(self):
+        a_pyx = os.path.join(self.src_dir, 'a.pyx')
+        a_c = a_pyx[:-4] + '.c'
+        open(a_pyx, 'w').write('pass')
+        self.fresh_cythonize(a_pyx, cache=self.cache_dir)
+        a_cache = os.path.join(self.cache_dir, os.listdir(self.cache_dir)[0])
+        gzip.GzipFile(a_cache, 'wb').write('fake stuff'.encode('ascii'))
+        os.unlink(a_c)
+        self.fresh_cythonize(a_pyx, cache=self.cache_dir)
+        a_contents = open(a_c).read()
+        self.assertEqual(a_contents, 'fake stuff',
+                         'Unexpected contents: %s...' % a_contents[:100])
+
+    def test_multi_file_output(self):
+        a_pyx = os.path.join(self.src_dir, 'a.pyx')
+        a_c = a_pyx[:-4] + '.c'
+        a_h = a_pyx[:-4] + '.h'
+        a_api_h = a_pyx[:-4] + '_api.h'
+        open(a_pyx, 'w').write('cdef public api int foo(int x): return x\n')
+        self.fresh_cythonize(a_pyx, cache=self.cache_dir)
+        expected = [a_c, a_h, a_api_h]
+        for output in expected:
+            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(output), output)
+            os.unlink(output)
+        self.fresh_cythonize(a_pyx, cache=self.cache_dir)
+        for output in expected:
+            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(output), output)
+
+    def test_options_invalidation(self):
+        hash_pyx = os.path.join(self.src_dir, 'options.pyx')
+        hash_c = hash_pyx[:-len('.pyx')] + '.c'
+
+        open(hash_pyx, 'w').write('pass')
+        self.fresh_cythonize(hash_pyx, cache=self.cache_dir, cplus=False)
+        self.assertEqual(1, len(self.cache_files('options.c*')))
+
+        os.unlink(hash_c)
+        self.fresh_cythonize(hash_pyx, cache=self.cache_dir, cplus=True)
+        self.assertEqual(2, len(self.cache_files('options.c*')))
+
+        os.unlink(hash_c)
+        self.fresh_cythonize(hash_pyx, cache=self.cache_dir, cplus=False, show_version=False)
+        self.assertEqual(2, len(self.cache_files('options.c*')))
+
+        os.unlink(hash_c)
+        self.fresh_cythonize(hash_pyx, cache=self.cache_dir, cplus=False, show_version=True)
+        self.assertEqual(2, len(self.cache_files('options.c*')))

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Build/Tests/TestInline.py

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import os, tempfile
+from Cython.Shadow import inline
+from Cython.Build.Inline import safe_type
+from Cython.TestUtils import CythonTest
+
+try:
+    import numpy
+    has_numpy = True
+except:
+    has_numpy = False
+
+test_kwds = dict(force=True, quiet=True)
+
+global_value = 100
+
+class TestInline(CythonTest):
+    def setUp(self):
+        CythonTest.setUp(self)
+        self.test_kwds = dict(test_kwds)
+        if os.path.isdir('TEST_TMP'):
+            lib_dir = os.path.join('TEST_TMP','inline')
+        else:
+            lib_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix='cython_inline_')
+        self.test_kwds['lib_dir'] = lib_dir
+
+    def test_simple(self):
+        self.assertEqual(inline("return 1+2", **self.test_kwds), 3)
+
+    def test_types(self):
+        self.assertEqual(inline("""
+            cimport cython
+            return cython.typeof(a), cython.typeof(b)
+        """, a=1.0, b=[], **self.test_kwds), ('double', 'list object'))
+
+    def test_locals(self):
+        a = 1
+        b = 2
+        self.assertEqual(inline("return a+b", **self.test_kwds), 3)
+
+    def test_globals(self):
+        self.assertEqual(inline("return global_value + 1", **self.test_kwds), global_value + 1)
+
+    def test_no_return(self):
+        self.assertEqual(inline("""
+            a = 1
+            cdef double b = 2
+            cdef c = []
+        """, **self.test_kwds), dict(a=1, b=2.0, c=[]))
+
+    def test_def_node(self):
+        foo = inline("def foo(x): return x * x", **self.test_kwds)['foo']
+        self.assertEqual(foo(7), 49)
+
+    def test_class_ref(self):
+        class Type(object):
+            pass
+        tp = inline("Type")['Type']
+        self.assertEqual(tp, Type)
+
+    def test_pure(self):
+        import cython as cy
+        b = inline("""
+        b = cy.declare(float, a)
+        c = cy.declare(cy.pointer(cy.float), &b)
+        return b
+        """, a=3, **self.test_kwds)
+        self.assertEqual(type(b), float)
+
+    def test_compiler_directives(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            inline('return sum(x)',
+                   x=[1, 2, 3],
+                   cython_compiler_directives={'boundscheck': False}),
+            6
+        )
+
+    def test_lang_version(self):
+        # GH-3419. Caching for inline code didn't always respect compiler directives.
+        inline_divcode = "def f(int a, int b): return a/b"
+        self.assertEqual(
+            inline(inline_divcode, language_level=2)['f'](5,2),
+            2
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            inline(inline_divcode, language_level=3)['f'](5,2),
+            2.5
+        )
+
+    if has_numpy:
+
+        def test_numpy(self):
+            import numpy
+            a = numpy.ndarray((10, 20))
+            a[0,0] = 10
+            self.assertEqual(safe_type(a), 'numpy.ndarray[numpy.float64_t, ndim=2]')
+            self.assertEqual(inline("return a[0,0]", a=a, **self.test_kwds), 10.0)

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Build/Tests/TestIpythonMagic.py

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# tag: ipython
+
+"""Tests for the Cython magics extension."""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import os
+import sys
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from Cython.Build import IpythonMagic
+from Cython.TestUtils import CythonTest
+
+try:
+    import IPython.testing.globalipapp
+except ImportError:
+    # Disable tests and fake helpers for initialisation below.
+    def skip_if_not_installed(_):
+        return None
+else:
+    def skip_if_not_installed(c):
+        return c
+
+try:
+    # disable IPython history thread before it gets started to avoid having to clean it up
+    from IPython.core.history import HistoryManager
+    HistoryManager.enabled = False
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+code = u"""\
+def f(x):
+    return 2*x
+"""
+
+cython3_code = u"""\
+def f(int x):
+    return 2 / x
+
+def call(x):
+    return f(*(x,))
+"""
+
+pgo_cython3_code = cython3_code + u"""\
+def main():
+    for _ in range(100): call(5)
+main()
+"""
+
+
+if sys.platform == 'win32':
+    # not using IPython's decorators here because they depend on "nose"
+    try:
+        from unittest import skip as skip_win32
+    except ImportError:
+        # poor dev's silent @unittest.skip()
+        def skip_win32(dummy):
+            def _skip_win32(func):
+                return None
+            return _skip_win32
+else:
+    def skip_win32(dummy):
+        def _skip_win32(func):
+            def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+                func(*args, **kwargs)
+            return wrapper
+        return _skip_win32
+
+
+@skip_if_not_installed
+class TestIPythonMagic(CythonTest):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        CythonTest.setUpClass()
+        cls._ip = IPython.testing.globalipapp.get_ipython()
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        CythonTest.setUp(self)
+        self._ip.extension_manager.load_extension('cython')
+
+    def test_cython_inline(self):
+        ip = self._ip
+        ip.ex('a=10; b=20')
+        result = ip.run_cell_magic('cython_inline', '', 'return a+b')
+        self.assertEqual(result, 30)
+
+    @skip_win32('Skip on Windows')
+    def test_cython_pyximport(self):
+        ip = self._ip
+        module_name = '_test_cython_pyximport'
+        ip.run_cell_magic('cython_pyximport', module_name, code)
+        ip.ex('g = f(10)')
+        self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns['g'], 20.0)
+        ip.run_cell_magic('cython_pyximport', module_name, code)
+        ip.ex('h = f(-10)')
+        self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns['h'], -20.0)
+        try:
+            os.remove(module_name + '.pyx')
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
+    def test_cython(self):
+        ip = self._ip
+        ip.run_cell_magic('cython', '', code)
+        ip.ex('g = f(10)')
+        self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns['g'], 20.0)
+
+    def test_cython_name(self):
+        # The Cython module named 'mymodule' defines the function f.
+        ip = self._ip
+        ip.run_cell_magic('cython', '--name=mymodule', code)
+        # This module can now be imported in the interactive namespace.
+        ip.ex('import mymodule; g = mymodule.f(10)')
+        self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns['g'], 20.0)
+
+    def test_cython_language_level(self):
+        # The Cython cell defines the functions f() and call().
+        ip = self._ip
+        ip.run_cell_magic('cython', '', cython3_code)
+        ip.ex('g = f(10); h = call(10)')
+        if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+            self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns['g'], 2 // 10)
+            self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns['h'], 2 // 10)
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns['g'], 2.0 / 10.0)
+            self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns['h'], 2.0 / 10.0)
+
+    def test_cython3(self):
+        # The Cython cell defines the functions f() and call().
+        ip = self._ip
+        ip.run_cell_magic('cython', '-3', cython3_code)
+        ip.ex('g = f(10); h = call(10)')
+        self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns['g'], 2.0 / 10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns['h'], 2.0 / 10.0)
+
+    def test_cython2(self):
+        # The Cython cell defines the functions f() and call().
+        ip = self._ip
+        ip.run_cell_magic('cython', '-2', cython3_code)
+        ip.ex('g = f(10); h = call(10)')
+        self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns['g'], 2 // 10)
+        self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns['h'], 2 // 10)
+
+    @skip_win32('Skip on Windows')
+    def test_cython3_pgo(self):
+        # The Cython cell defines the functions f() and call().
+        ip = self._ip
+        ip.run_cell_magic('cython', '-3 --pgo', pgo_cython3_code)
+        ip.ex('g = f(10); h = call(10); main()')
+        self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns['g'], 2.0 / 10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns['h'], 2.0 / 10.0)
+
+    @skip_win32('Skip on Windows')
+    def test_extlibs(self):
+        ip = self._ip
+        code = u"""
+from libc.math cimport sin
+x = sin(0.0)
+        """
+        ip.user_ns['x'] = 1
+        ip.run_cell_magic('cython', '-l m', code)
+        self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns['x'], 0)
+
+
+    def test_cython_verbose(self):
+        ip = self._ip
+        ip.run_cell_magic('cython', '--verbose', code)
+        ip.ex('g = f(10)')
+        self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns['g'], 20.0)
+
+    def test_cython_verbose_thresholds(self):
+        @contextmanager
+        def mock_distutils():
+            class MockLog:
+                DEBUG = 1
+                INFO = 2
+                thresholds = [INFO]
+
+                def set_threshold(self, val):
+                    self.thresholds.append(val)
+                    return self.thresholds[-2]
+
+
+            new_log = MockLog()
+            old_log = IpythonMagic.distutils.log
+            try:
+                IpythonMagic.distutils.log = new_log
+                yield new_log
+            finally:
+                IpythonMagic.distutils.log = old_log
+
+        ip = self._ip
+        with mock_distutils() as verbose_log:
+            ip.run_cell_magic('cython', '--verbose', code)
+            ip.ex('g = f(10)')
+        self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns['g'], 20.0)
+        self.assertEqual([verbose_log.INFO, verbose_log.DEBUG, verbose_log.INFO],
+                          verbose_log.thresholds)
+
+        with mock_distutils() as normal_log:
+            ip.run_cell_magic('cython', '', code)
+            ip.ex('g = f(10)')
+        self.assertEqual(ip.user_ns['g'], 20.0)
+        self.assertEqual([normal_log.INFO], normal_log.thresholds)

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Build/Tests/TestStripLiterals.py

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+from Cython.Build.Dependencies import strip_string_literals
+
+from Cython.TestUtils import CythonTest
+
+class TestStripLiterals(CythonTest):
+
+    def t(self, before, expected):
+        actual, literals = strip_string_literals(before, prefix="_L")
+        self.assertEqual(expected, actual)
+        for key, value in literals.items():
+            actual = actual.replace(key, value)
+        self.assertEqual(before, actual)
+
+    def test_empty(self):
+        self.t("", "")
+
+    def test_single_quote(self):
+        self.t("'x'", "'_L1_'")
+
+    def test_double_quote(self):
+        self.t('"x"', '"_L1_"')
+
+    def test_nested_quotes(self):
+        self.t(""" '"' "'" """, """ '_L1_' "_L2_" """)
+
+    def test_triple_quote(self):
+        self.t(" '''a\n''' ", " '''_L1_''' ")
+
+    def test_backslash(self):
+        self.t(r"'a\'b'", "'_L1_'")
+        self.t(r"'a\\'", "'_L1_'")
+        self.t(r"'a\\\'b'", "'_L1_'")
+
+    def test_unicode(self):
+        self.t("u'abc'", "u'_L1_'")
+
+    def test_raw(self):
+        self.t(r"r'abc\\'", "r'_L1_'")
+
+    def test_raw_unicode(self):
+        self.t(r"ru'abc\\'", "ru'_L1_'")
+
+    def test_comment(self):
+        self.t("abc # foo", "abc #_L1_")
+
+    def test_comment_and_quote(self):
+        self.t("abc # 'x'", "abc #_L1_")
+        self.t("'abc#'", "'_L1_'")
+
+    def test_include(self):
+        self.t("include 'a.pxi' # something here",
+               "include '_L1_' #_L2_")
+
+    def test_extern(self):
+        self.t("cdef extern from 'a.h': # comment",
+               "cdef extern from '_L1_': #_L2_")
+

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Build/Tests/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# empty file

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Build/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+from .Dependencies import cythonize
+from .Distutils import build_ext

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/CodeWriter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,819 @@
+"""
+Serializes a Cython code tree to Cython code. This is primarily useful for
+debugging and testing purposes.
+
+The output is in a strict format, no whitespace or comments from the input
+is preserved (and it could not be as it is not present in the code tree).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
+
+from .Compiler.Visitor import TreeVisitor
+from .Compiler.ExprNodes import *
+
+
+class LinesResult(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.lines = []
+        self.s = u""
+
+    def put(self, s):
+        self.s += s
+
+    def newline(self):
+        self.lines.append(self.s)
+        self.s = u""
+
+    def putline(self, s):
+        self.put(s)
+        self.newline()
+
+class DeclarationWriter(TreeVisitor):
+
+    indent_string = u"    "
+
+    def __init__(self, result=None):
+        super(DeclarationWriter, self).__init__()
+        if result is None:
+            result = LinesResult()
+        self.result = result
+        self.numindents = 0
+        self.tempnames = {}
+        self.tempblockindex = 0
+
+    def write(self, tree):
+        self.visit(tree)
+        return self.result
+
+    def indent(self):
+        self.numindents += 1
+
+    def dedent(self):
+        self.numindents -= 1
+
+    def startline(self, s=u""):
+        self.result.put(self.indent_string * self.numindents + s)
+
+    def put(self, s):
+        self.result.put(s)
+
+    def putline(self, s):
+        self.result.putline(self.indent_string * self.numindents + s)
+
+    def endline(self, s=u""):
+        self.result.putline(s)
+
+    def line(self, s):
+        self.startline(s)
+        self.endline()
+
+    def comma_separated_list(self, items, output_rhs=False):
+        if len(items) > 0:
+            for item in items[:-1]:
+                self.visit(item)
+                if output_rhs and item.default is not None:
+                    self.put(u" = ")
+                    self.visit(item.default)
+                self.put(u", ")
+            self.visit(items[-1])
+
+    def visit_Node(self, node):
+        raise AssertionError("Node not handled by serializer: %r" % node)
+
+    def visit_ModuleNode(self, node):
+        self.visitchildren(node)
+
+    def visit_StatListNode(self, node):
+        self.visitchildren(node)
+
+    def visit_CDefExternNode(self, node):
+        if node.include_file is None:
+            file = u'*'
+        else:
+            file = u'"%s"' % node.include_file
+        self.putline(u"cdef extern from %s:" % file)
+        self.indent()
+        self.visit(node.body)
+        self.dedent()
+
+    def visit_CPtrDeclaratorNode(self, node):
+        self.put('*')
+        self.visit(node.base)
+
+    def visit_CReferenceDeclaratorNode(self, node):
+        self.put('&')
+        self.visit(node.base)
+
+    def visit_CArrayDeclaratorNode(self, node):
+        self.visit(node.base)
+        self.put(u'[')
+        if node.dimension is not None:
+            self.visit(node.dimension)
+        self.put(u']')
+
+    def visit_CArrayDeclaratorNode(self, node):
+        self.visit(node.base)
+        self.put(u'[')
+        if node.dimension is not None:
+            self.visit(node.dimension)
+        self.put(u']')
+
+    def visit_CFuncDeclaratorNode(self, node):
+        # TODO: except, gil, etc.
+        self.visit(node.base)
+        self.put(u'(')
+        self.comma_separated_list(node.args)
+        self.endline(u')')
+
+    def visit_CNameDeclaratorNode(self, node):
+        self.put(node.name)
+
+    def visit_CSimpleBaseTypeNode(self, node):
+        # See Parsing.p_sign_and_longness
+        if node.is_basic_c_type:
+            self.put(("unsigned ", "", "signed ")[node.signed])
+            if node.longness < 0:
+                self.put("short " * -node.longness)
+            elif node.longness > 0:
+                self.put("long " * node.longness)
+        self.put(node.name)
+
+    def visit_CComplexBaseTypeNode(self, node):
+        self.put(u'(')
+        self.visit(node.base_type)
+        self.visit(node.declarator)
+        self.put(u')')
+
+    def visit_CNestedBaseTypeNode(self, node):
+        self.visit(node.base_type)
+        self.put(u'.')
+        self.put(node.name)
+
+    def visit_TemplatedTypeNode(self, node):
+        self.visit(node.base_type_node)
+        self.put(u'[')
+        self.comma_separated_list(node.positional_args + node.keyword_args.key_value_pairs)
+        self.put(u']')
+
+    def visit_CVarDefNode(self, node):
+        self.startline(u"cdef ")
+        self.visit(node.base_type)
+        self.put(u" ")
+        self.comma_separated_list(node.declarators, output_rhs=True)
+        self.endline()
+
+    def visit_container_node(self, node, decl, extras, attributes):
+        # TODO: visibility
+        self.startline(decl)
+        if node.name:
+            self.put(u' ')
+            self.put(node.name)
+            if node.cname is not None:
+                self.put(u' "%s"' % node.cname)
+        if extras:
+            self.put(extras)
+        self.endline(':')
+        self.indent()
+        if not attributes:
+            self.putline('pass')
+        else:
+            for attribute in attributes:
+                self.visit(attribute)
+        self.dedent()
+
+    def visit_CStructOrUnionDefNode(self, node):
+        if node.typedef_flag:
+            decl = u'ctypedef '
+        else:
+            decl = u'cdef '
+        if node.visibility == 'public':
+            decl += u'public '
+        if node.packed:
+            decl += u'packed '
+        decl += node.kind
+        self.visit_container_node(node, decl, None, node.attributes)
+
+    def visit_CppClassNode(self, node):
+        extras = ""
+        if node.templates:
+            extras = u"[%s]" % ", ".join(node.templates)
+        if node.base_classes:
+            extras += "(%s)" % ", ".join(node.base_classes)
+        self.visit_container_node(node, u"cdef cppclass", extras, node.attributes)
+
+    def visit_CEnumDefNode(self, node):
+        self.visit_container_node(node, u"cdef enum", None, node.items)
+
+    def visit_CEnumDefItemNode(self, node):
+        self.startline(node.name)
+        if node.cname:
+            self.put(u' "%s"' % node.cname)
+        if node.value:
+            self.put(u" = ")
+            self.visit(node.value)
+        self.endline()
+
+    def visit_CClassDefNode(self, node):
+        assert not node.module_name
+        if node.decorators:
+            for decorator in node.decorators:
+                self.visit(decorator)
+        self.startline(u"cdef class ")
+        self.put(node.class_name)
+        if node.base_class_name:
+            self.put(u"(")
+            if node.base_class_module:
+                self.put(node.base_class_module)
+                self.put(u".")
+            self.put(node.base_class_name)
+            self.put(u")")
+        self.endline(u":")
+        self.indent()
+        self.visit(node.body)
+        self.dedent()
+
+    def visit_CTypeDefNode(self, node):
+        self.startline(u"ctypedef ")
+        self.visit(node.base_type)
+        self.put(u" ")
+        self.visit(node.declarator)
+        self.endline()
+
+    def visit_FuncDefNode(self, node):
+        self.startline(u"def %s(" % node.name)
+        self.comma_separated_list(node.args)
+        self.endline(u"):")
+        self.indent()
+        self.visit(node.body)
+        self.dedent()
+
+    def visit_CArgDeclNode(self, node):
+        if node.base_type.name is not None:
+            self.visit(node.base_type)
+            self.put(u" ")
+        self.visit(node.declarator)
+        if node.default is not None:
+            self.put(u" = ")
+            self.visit(node.default)
+
+    def visit_CImportStatNode(self, node):
+        self.startline(u"cimport ")
+        self.put(node.module_name)
+        if node.as_name:
+            self.put(u" as ")
+            self.put(node.as_name)
+        self.endline()
+
+    def visit_FromCImportStatNode(self, node):
+        self.startline(u"from ")
+        self.put(node.module_name)
+        self.put(u" cimport ")
+        first = True
+        for pos, name, as_name, kind in node.imported_names:
+            assert kind is None
+            if first:
+                first = False
+            else:
+                self.put(u", ")
+            self.put(name)
+            if as_name:
+                self.put(u" as ")
+                self.put(as_name)
+        self.endline()
+
+    def visit_NameNode(self, node):
+        self.put(node.name)
+
+    def visit_IntNode(self, node):
+        self.put(node.value)
+
+    def visit_NoneNode(self, node):
+        self.put(u"None")
+
+    def visit_NotNode(self, node):
+        self.put(u"(not ")
+        self.visit(node.operand)
+        self.put(u")")
+
+    def visit_DecoratorNode(self, node):
+        self.startline("@")
+        self.visit(node.decorator)
+        self.endline()
+
+    def visit_BinopNode(self, node):
+        self.visit(node.operand1)
+        self.put(u" %s " % node.operator)
+        self.visit(node.operand2)
+
+    def visit_AttributeNode(self, node):
+        self.visit(node.obj)
+        self.put(u".%s" % node.attribute)
+
+    def visit_BoolNode(self, node):
+        self.put(str(node.value))
+
+    # FIXME: represent string nodes correctly
+    def visit_StringNode(self, node):
+        value = node.value
+        if value.encoding is not None:
+            value = value.encode(value.encoding)
+        self.put(repr(value))
+
+    def visit_PassStatNode(self, node):
+        self.startline(u"pass")
+        self.endline()
+
+class CodeWriter(DeclarationWriter):
+
+    def visit_SingleAssignmentNode(self, node):
+        self.startline()
+        self.visit(node.lhs)
+        self.put(u" = ")
+        self.visit(node.rhs)
+        self.endline()
+
+    def visit_CascadedAssignmentNode(self, node):
+        self.startline()
+        for lhs in node.lhs_list:
+            self.visit(lhs)
+            self.put(u" = ")
+        self.visit(node.rhs)
+        self.endline()
+
+    def visit_PrintStatNode(self, node):
+        self.startline(u"print ")
+        self.comma_separated_list(node.arg_tuple.args)
+        if not node.append_newline:
+            self.put(u",")
+        self.endline()
+
+    def visit_ForInStatNode(self, node):
+        self.startline(u"for ")
+        self.visit(node.target)
+        self.put(u" in ")
+        self.visit(node.iterator.sequence)
+        self.endline(u":")
+        self.indent()
+        self.visit(node.body)
+        self.dedent()
+        if node.else_clause is not None:
+            self.line(u"else:")
+            self.indent()
+            self.visit(node.else_clause)
+            self.dedent()
+
+    def visit_IfStatNode(self, node):
+        # The IfClauseNode is handled directly without a separate match
+        # for clariy.
+        self.startline(u"if ")
+        self.visit(node.if_clauses[0].condition)
+        self.endline(":")
+        self.indent()
+        self.visit(node.if_clauses[0].body)
+        self.dedent()
+        for clause in node.if_clauses[1:]:
+            self.startline("elif ")
+            self.visit(clause.condition)
+            self.endline(":")
+            self.indent()
+            self.visit(clause.body)
+            self.dedent()
+        if node.else_clause is not None:
+            self.line("else:")
+            self.indent()
+            self.visit(node.else_clause)
+            self.dedent()
+
+    def visit_SequenceNode(self, node):
+        self.comma_separated_list(node.args) # Might need to discover whether we need () around tuples...hmm...
+
+    def visit_SimpleCallNode(self, node):
+        self.visit(node.function)
+        self.put(u"(")
+        self.comma_separated_list(node.args)
+        self.put(")")
+
+    def visit_GeneralCallNode(self, node):
+        self.visit(node.function)
+        self.put(u"(")
+        posarg = node.positional_args
+        if isinstance(posarg, AsTupleNode):
+            self.visit(posarg.arg)
+        else:
+            self.comma_separated_list(posarg.args)  # TupleNode.args
+        if node.keyword_args:
+            if isinstance(node.keyword_args, DictNode):
+                for i, (name, value) in enumerate(node.keyword_args.key_value_pairs):
+                    if i > 0:
+                        self.put(', ')
+                    self.visit(name)
+                    self.put('=')
+                    self.visit(value)
+            else:
+                raise Exception("Not implemented yet")
+        self.put(u")")
+
+    def visit_ExprStatNode(self, node):
+        self.startline()
+        self.visit(node.expr)
+        self.endline()
+
+    def visit_InPlaceAssignmentNode(self, node):
+        self.startline()
+        self.visit(node.lhs)
+        self.put(u" %s= " % node.operator)
+        self.visit(node.rhs)
+        self.endline()
+
+    def visit_WithStatNode(self, node):
+        self.startline()
+        self.put(u"with ")
+        self.visit(node.manager)
+        if node.target is not None:
+            self.put(u" as ")
+            self.visit(node.target)
+        self.endline(u":")
+        self.indent()
+        self.visit(node.body)
+        self.dedent()
+
+    def visit_TryFinallyStatNode(self, node):
+        self.line(u"try:")
+        self.indent()
+        self.visit(node.body)
+        self.dedent()
+        self.line(u"finally:")
+        self.indent()
+        self.visit(node.finally_clause)
+        self.dedent()
+
+    def visit_TryExceptStatNode(self, node):
+        self.line(u"try:")
+        self.indent()
+        self.visit(node.body)
+        self.dedent()
+        for x in node.except_clauses:
+            self.visit(x)
+        if node.else_clause is not None:
+            self.visit(node.else_clause)
+
+    def visit_ExceptClauseNode(self, node):
+        self.startline(u"except")
+        if node.pattern is not None:
+            self.put(u" ")
+            self.visit(node.pattern)
+        if node.target is not None:
+            self.put(u", ")
+            self.visit(node.target)
+        self.endline(":")
+        self.indent()
+        self.visit(node.body)
+        self.dedent()
+
+    def visit_ReturnStatNode(self, node):
+        self.startline("return ")
+        self.visit(node.value)
+        self.endline()
+
+    def visit_ReraiseStatNode(self, node):
+        self.line("raise")
+
+    def visit_ImportNode(self, node):
+        self.put(u"(import %s)" % node.module_name.value)
+
+    def visit_TempsBlockNode(self, node):
+        """
+        Temporaries are output like $1_1', where the first number is
+        an index of the TempsBlockNode and the second number is an index
+        of the temporary which that block allocates.
+        """
+        idx = 0
+        for handle in node.temps:
+            self.tempnames[handle] = "$%d_%d" % (self.tempblockindex, idx)
+            idx += 1
+        self.tempblockindex += 1
+        self.visit(node.body)
+
+    def visit_TempRefNode(self, node):
+        self.put(self.tempnames[node.handle])
+
+
+class PxdWriter(DeclarationWriter):
+    def __call__(self, node):
+        print(u'\n'.join(self.write(node).lines))
+        return node
+
+    def visit_CFuncDefNode(self, node):
+        if 'inline' in node.modifiers:
+            return
+        if node.overridable:
+            self.startline(u'cpdef ')
+        else:
+            self.startline(u'cdef ')
+        if node.visibility != 'private':
+            self.put(node.visibility)
+            self.put(u' ')
+        if node.api:
+            self.put(u'api ')
+        self.visit(node.declarator)
+
+    def visit_StatNode(self, node):
+        pass
+
+
+class ExpressionWriter(TreeVisitor):
+
+    def __init__(self, result=None):
+        super(ExpressionWriter, self).__init__()
+        if result is None:
+            result = u""
+        self.result = result
+        self.precedence = [0]
+
+    def write(self, tree):
+        self.visit(tree)
+        return self.result
+
+    def put(self, s):
+        self.result += s
+
+    def remove(self, s):
+        if self.result.endswith(s):
+            self.result = self.result[:-len(s)]
+
+    def comma_separated_list(self, items):
+        if len(items) > 0:
+            for item in items[:-1]:
+                self.visit(item)
+                self.put(u", ")
+            self.visit(items[-1])
+
+    def visit_Node(self, node):
+        raise AssertionError("Node not handled by serializer: %r" % node)
+
+    def visit_NameNode(self, node):
+        self.put(node.name)
+
+    def visit_NoneNode(self, node):
+        self.put(u"None")
+
+    def visit_EllipsisNode(self, node):
+        self.put(u"...")
+
+    def visit_BoolNode(self, node):
+        self.put(str(node.value))
+
+    def visit_ConstNode(self, node):
+        self.put(str(node.value))
+
+    def visit_ImagNode(self, node):
+        self.put(node.value)
+        self.put(u"j")
+
+    def emit_string(self, node, prefix=u""):
+        repr_val = repr(node.value)
+        if repr_val[0] in 'ub':
+            repr_val = repr_val[1:]
+        self.put(u"%s%s" % (prefix, repr_val))
+
+    def visit_BytesNode(self, node):
+        self.emit_string(node, u"b")
+
+    def visit_StringNode(self, node):
+        self.emit_string(node)
+
+    def visit_UnicodeNode(self, node):
+        self.emit_string(node, u"u")
+
+    def emit_sequence(self, node, parens=(u"", u"")):
+        open_paren, close_paren = parens
+        items = node.subexpr_nodes()
+        self.put(open_paren)
+        self.comma_separated_list(items)
+        self.put(close_paren)
+
+    def visit_ListNode(self, node):
+        self.emit_sequence(node, u"[]")
+
+    def visit_TupleNode(self, node):
+        self.emit_sequence(node, u"()")
+
+    def visit_SetNode(self, node):
+        if len(node.subexpr_nodes()) > 0:
+            self.emit_sequence(node, u"{}")
+        else:
+            self.put(u"set()")
+
+    def visit_DictNode(self, node):
+        self.emit_sequence(node, u"{}")
+
+    def visit_DictItemNode(self, node):
+        self.visit(node.key)
+        self.put(u": ")
+        self.visit(node.value)
+
+    unop_precedence = {
+        'not': 3, '!': 3,
+        '+': 11, '-': 11, '~': 11,
+    }
+    binop_precedence = {
+        'or': 1,
+        'and': 2,
+        # unary: 'not': 3, '!': 3,
+        'in': 4, 'not_in': 4, 'is': 4, 'is_not': 4, '<': 4, '<=': 4, '>': 4, '>=': 4, '!=': 4, '==': 4,
+        '|': 5,
+        '^': 6,
+        '&': 7,
+        '<<': 8, '>>': 8,
+        '+': 9, '-': 9,
+        '*': 10, '@': 10, '/': 10, '//': 10, '%': 10,
+        # unary: '+': 11, '-': 11, '~': 11
+        '**': 12,
+    }
+
+    def operator_enter(self, new_prec):
+        old_prec = self.precedence[-1]
+        if old_prec > new_prec:
+            self.put(u"(")
+        self.precedence.append(new_prec)
+
+    def operator_exit(self):
+        old_prec, new_prec = self.precedence[-2:]
+        if old_prec > new_prec:
+            self.put(u")")
+        self.precedence.pop()
+
+    def visit_NotNode(self, node):
+        op = 'not'
+        prec = self.unop_precedence[op]
+        self.operator_enter(prec)
+        self.put(u"not ")
+        self.visit(node.operand)
+        self.operator_exit()
+
+    def visit_UnopNode(self, node):
+        op = node.operator
+        prec = self.unop_precedence[op]
+        self.operator_enter(prec)
+        self.put(u"%s" % node.operator)
+        self.visit(node.operand)
+        self.operator_exit()
+
+    def visit_BinopNode(self, node):
+        op = node.operator
+        prec = self.binop_precedence.get(op, 0)
+        self.operator_enter(prec)
+        self.visit(node.operand1)
+        self.put(u" %s " % op.replace('_', ' '))
+        self.visit(node.operand2)
+        self.operator_exit()
+
+    def visit_BoolBinopNode(self, node):
+        self.visit_BinopNode(node)
+
+    def visit_PrimaryCmpNode(self, node):
+        self.visit_BinopNode(node)
+
+    def visit_IndexNode(self, node):
+        self.visit(node.base)
+        self.put(u"[")
+        if isinstance(node.index, TupleNode):
+            if node.index.subexpr_nodes():
+                self.emit_sequence(node.index)
+            else:
+                self.put(u"()")
+        else:
+            self.visit(node.index)
+        self.put(u"]")
+
+    def visit_SliceIndexNode(self, node):
+        self.visit(node.base)
+        self.put(u"[")
+        if node.start:
+            self.visit(node.start)
+        self.put(u":")
+        if node.stop:
+            self.visit(node.stop)
+        if node.slice:
+            self.put(u":")
+            self.visit(node.slice)
+        self.put(u"]")
+
+    def visit_SliceNode(self, node):
+        if not node.start.is_none:
+            self.visit(node.start)
+        self.put(u":")
+        if not node.stop.is_none:
+            self.visit(node.stop)
+        if not node.step.is_none:
+            self.put(u":")
+            self.visit(node.step)
+
+    def visit_CondExprNode(self, node):
+        self.visit(node.true_val)
+        self.put(u" if ")
+        self.visit(node.test)
+        self.put(u" else ")
+        self.visit(node.false_val)
+
+    def visit_AttributeNode(self, node):
+        self.visit(node.obj)
+        self.put(u".%s" % node.attribute)
+
+    def visit_SimpleCallNode(self, node):
+        self.visit(node.function)
+        self.put(u"(")
+        self.comma_separated_list(node.args)
+        self.put(")")
+
+    def emit_pos_args(self, node):
+        if node is None:
+            return
+        if isinstance(node, AddNode):
+            self.emit_pos_args(node.operand1)
+            self.emit_pos_args(node.operand2)
+        elif isinstance(node, TupleNode):
+            for expr in node.subexpr_nodes():
+                self.visit(expr)
+                self.put(u", ")
+        elif isinstance(node, AsTupleNode):
+            self.put("*")
+            self.visit(node.arg)
+            self.put(u", ")
+        else:
+            self.visit(node)
+            self.put(u", ")
+
+    def emit_kwd_args(self, node):
+        if node is None:
+            return
+        if isinstance(node, MergedDictNode):
+            for expr in node.subexpr_nodes():
+                self.emit_kwd_args(expr)
+        elif isinstance(node, DictNode):
+            for expr in node.subexpr_nodes():
+                self.put(u"%s=" % expr.key.value)
+                self.visit(expr.value)
+                self.put(u", ")
+        else:
+            self.put(u"**")
+            self.visit(node)
+            self.put(u", ")
+
+    def visit_GeneralCallNode(self, node):
+        self.visit(node.function)
+        self.put(u"(")
+        self.emit_pos_args(node.positional_args)
+        self.emit_kwd_args(node.keyword_args)
+        self.remove(u", ")
+        self.put(")")
+
+    def emit_comprehension(self, body, target,
+                           sequence, condition,
+                           parens=(u"", u"")):
+        open_paren, close_paren = parens
+        self.put(open_paren)
+        self.visit(body)
+        self.put(u" for ")
+        self.visit(target)
+        self.put(u" in ")
+        self.visit(sequence)
+        if condition:
+            self.put(u" if ")
+            self.visit(condition)
+        self.put(close_paren)
+
+    def visit_ComprehensionAppendNode(self, node):
+        self.visit(node.expr)
+
+    def visit_DictComprehensionAppendNode(self, node):
+        self.visit(node.key_expr)
+        self.put(u": ")
+        self.visit(node.value_expr)
+
+    def visit_ComprehensionNode(self, node):
+        tpmap = {'list': u"[]", 'dict': u"{}", 'set': u"{}"}
+        parens = tpmap[node.type.py_type_name()]
+        body = node.loop.body
+        target = node.loop.target
+        sequence = node.loop.iterator.sequence
+        condition = None
+        if hasattr(body, 'if_clauses'):
+            # type(body) is Nodes.IfStatNode
+            condition = body.if_clauses[0].condition
+            body = body.if_clauses[0].body
+        self.emit_comprehension(body, target, sequence, condition, parens)
+
+    def visit_GeneratorExpressionNode(self, node):
+        body = node.loop.body
+        target = node.loop.target
+        sequence = node.loop.iterator.sequence
+        condition = None
+        if hasattr(body, 'if_clauses'):
+            # type(body) is Nodes.IfStatNode
+            condition = body.if_clauses[0].condition
+            body = body.if_clauses[0].body.expr.arg
+        elif hasattr(body, 'expr'):
+            # type(body) is Nodes.ExprStatNode
+            body = body.expr.arg
+        self.emit_comprehension(body, target, sequence, condition, u"()")

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/AnalysedTreeTransforms.py

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from .Visitor import ScopeTrackingTransform
+from .Nodes import StatListNode, SingleAssignmentNode, CFuncDefNode, DefNode
+from .ExprNodes import DictNode, DictItemNode, NameNode, UnicodeNode
+from .PyrexTypes import py_object_type
+from .StringEncoding import EncodedString
+from . import Symtab
+
+class AutoTestDictTransform(ScopeTrackingTransform):
+    # Handles autotestdict directive
+
+    blacklist = ['__cinit__', '__dealloc__', '__richcmp__',
+                 '__nonzero__', '__bool__',
+                 '__len__', '__contains__']
+
+    def visit_ModuleNode(self, node):
+        if node.is_pxd:
+            return node
+        self.scope_type = 'module'
+        self.scope_node = node
+
+        if not self.current_directives['autotestdict']:
+            return node
+        self.all_docstrings = self.current_directives['autotestdict.all']
+        self.cdef_docstrings = self.all_docstrings or self.current_directives['autotestdict.cdef']
+
+        assert isinstance(node.body, StatListNode)
+
+        # First see if __test__ is already created
+        if u'__test__' in node.scope.entries:
+            # Do nothing
+            return node
+
+        pos = node.pos
+
+        self.tests = []
+        self.testspos = node.pos
+
+        test_dict_entry = node.scope.declare_var(EncodedString(u'__test__'),
+                                                 py_object_type,
+                                                 pos,
+                                                 visibility='public')
+        create_test_dict_assignment = SingleAssignmentNode(pos,
+            lhs=NameNode(pos, name=EncodedString(u'__test__'),
+                         entry=test_dict_entry),
+            rhs=DictNode(pos, key_value_pairs=self.tests))
+        self.visitchildren(node)
+        node.body.stats.append(create_test_dict_assignment)
+        return node
+
+    def add_test(self, testpos, path, doctest):
+        pos = self.testspos
+        keystr = u'%s (line %d)' % (path, testpos[1])
+        key = UnicodeNode(pos, value=EncodedString(keystr))
+        value = UnicodeNode(pos, value=doctest)
+        self.tests.append(DictItemNode(pos, key=key, value=value))
+
+    def visit_ExprNode(self, node):
+        # expressions cannot contain functions and lambda expressions
+        # do not have a docstring
+        return node
+
+    def visit_FuncDefNode(self, node):
+        if not node.doc or (isinstance(node, DefNode) and node.fused_py_func):
+            return node
+        if not self.cdef_docstrings:
+            if isinstance(node, CFuncDefNode) and not node.py_func:
+                return node
+        if not self.all_docstrings and '>>>' not in node.doc:
+            return node
+
+        pos = self.testspos
+        if self.scope_type == 'module':
+            path = node.entry.name
+        elif self.scope_type in ('pyclass', 'cclass'):
+            if isinstance(node, CFuncDefNode):
+                if node.py_func is not None:
+                    name = node.py_func.name
+                else:
+                    name = node.entry.name
+            else:
+                name = node.name
+            if self.scope_type == 'cclass' and name in self.blacklist:
+                return node
+            if self.scope_type == 'pyclass':
+                class_name = self.scope_node.name
+            else:
+                class_name = self.scope_node.class_name
+            if isinstance(node.entry.scope, Symtab.PropertyScope):
+                property_method_name = node.entry.scope.name
+                path = "%s.%s.%s" % (class_name, node.entry.scope.name,
+                                     node.entry.name)
+            else:
+                path = "%s.%s" % (class_name, node.entry.name)
+        else:
+            assert False
+        self.add_test(node.pos, path, node.doc)
+        return node

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/Annotate.py

@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+# Note: Work in progress
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import os
+import os.path
+import re
+import codecs
+import textwrap
+from datetime import datetime
+from functools import partial
+from collections import defaultdict
+from xml.sax.saxutils import escape as html_escape
+try:
+    from StringIO import StringIO
+except ImportError:
+    from io import StringIO  # does not support writing 'str' in Py2
+
+from . import Version
+from .Code import CCodeWriter
+from .. import Utils
+
+
+class AnnotationCCodeWriter(CCodeWriter):
+
+    def __init__(self, create_from=None, buffer=None, copy_formatting=True):
+        CCodeWriter.__init__(self, create_from, buffer, copy_formatting=copy_formatting)
+        if create_from is None:
+            self.annotation_buffer = StringIO()
+            self.last_annotated_pos = None
+            # annotations[filename][line] -> [(column, AnnotationItem)*]
+            self.annotations = defaultdict(partial(defaultdict, list))
+            # code[filename][line] -> str
+            self.code = defaultdict(partial(defaultdict, str))
+            # scopes[filename][line] -> set(scopes)
+            self.scopes = defaultdict(partial(defaultdict, set))
+        else:
+            # When creating an insertion point, keep references to the same database
+            self.annotation_buffer = create_from.annotation_buffer
+            self.annotations = create_from.annotations
+            self.code = create_from.code
+            self.scopes = create_from.scopes
+            self.last_annotated_pos = create_from.last_annotated_pos
+
+    def create_new(self, create_from, buffer, copy_formatting):
+        return AnnotationCCodeWriter(create_from, buffer, copy_formatting)
+
+    def write(self, s):
+        CCodeWriter.write(self, s)
+        self.annotation_buffer.write(s)
+
+    def mark_pos(self, pos, trace=True):
+        if pos is not None:
+            CCodeWriter.mark_pos(self, pos, trace)
+            if self.funcstate and self.funcstate.scope:
+                # lambdas and genexprs can result in multiple scopes per line => keep them in a set
+                self.scopes[pos[0].filename][pos[1]].add(self.funcstate.scope)
+        if self.last_annotated_pos:
+            source_desc, line, _ = self.last_annotated_pos
+            pos_code = self.code[source_desc.filename]
+            pos_code[line] += self.annotation_buffer.getvalue()
+        self.annotation_buffer = StringIO()
+        self.last_annotated_pos = pos
+
+    def annotate(self, pos, item):
+        self.annotations[pos[0].filename][pos[1]].append((pos[2], item))
+
+    def _css(self):
+        """css template will later allow to choose a colormap"""
+        css = [self._css_template]
+        for i in range(255):
+            color = u"FFFF%02x" % int(255/(1+i/10.0))
+            css.append('.cython.score-%d {background-color: #%s;}' % (i, color))
+        try:
+            from pygments.formatters import HtmlFormatter
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            css.append(HtmlFormatter().get_style_defs('.cython'))
+        return '\n'.join(css)
+
+    _css_template = textwrap.dedent("""
+        body.cython { font-family: courier; font-size: 12; }
+
+        .cython.tag  {  }
+        .cython.line { margin: 0em }
+        .cython.code { font-size: 9; color: #444444; display: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 8px; border-left: 8px none; }
+
+        .cython.line .run { background-color: #B0FFB0; }
+        .cython.line .mis { background-color: #FFB0B0; }
+        .cython.code.run  { border-left: 8px solid #B0FFB0; }
+        .cython.code.mis  { border-left: 8px solid #FFB0B0; }
+
+        .cython.code .py_c_api  { color: red; }
+        .cython.code .py_macro_api  { color: #FF7000; }
+        .cython.code .pyx_c_api  { color: #FF3000; }
+        .cython.code .pyx_macro_api  { color: #FF7000; }
+        .cython.code .refnanny  { color: #FFA000; }
+        .cython.code .trace  { color: #FFA000; }
+        .cython.code .error_goto  { color: #FFA000; }
+
+        .cython.code .coerce  { color: #008000; border: 1px dotted #008000 }
+        .cython.code .py_attr { color: #FF0000; font-weight: bold; }
+        .cython.code .c_attr  { color: #0000FF; }
+        .cython.code .py_call { color: #FF0000; font-weight: bold; }
+        .cython.code .c_call  { color: #0000FF; }
+    """)
+
+    # on-click toggle function to show/hide C source code
+    _onclick_attr = ' onclick="{0}"'.format((
+        "(function(s){"
+        "    s.display =  s.display === 'block' ? 'none' : 'block'"
+        "})(this.nextElementSibling.style)"
+        ).replace(' ', '')  # poor dev's JS minification
+    )
+
+    def save_annotation(self, source_filename, target_filename, coverage_xml=None):
+        with Utils.open_source_file(source_filename) as f:
+            code = f.read()
+        generated_code = self.code.get(source_filename, {})
+        c_file = Utils.decode_filename(os.path.basename(target_filename))
+        html_filename = os.path.splitext(target_filename)[0] + ".html"
+
+        with codecs.open(html_filename, "w", encoding="UTF-8") as out_buffer:
+            out_buffer.write(self._save_annotation(code, generated_code, c_file, source_filename, coverage_xml))
+
+    def _save_annotation_header(self, c_file, source_filename, coverage_timestamp=None):
+        coverage_info = ''
+        if coverage_timestamp:
+            coverage_info = u' with coverage data from {timestamp}'.format(
+                timestamp=datetime.fromtimestamp(int(coverage_timestamp) // 1000))
+
+        outlist = [
+            textwrap.dedent(u'''\
+            <!DOCTYPE html>
+            <!-- Generated by Cython {watermark} -->
+            <html>
+            <head>
+                <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+                <title>Cython: {filename}</title>
+                <style type="text/css">
+                {css}
+                </style>
+            </head>
+            <body class="cython">
+            <p><span style="border-bottom: solid 1px grey;">Generated by Cython {watermark}</span>{more_info}</p>
+            <p>
+                <span style="background-color: #FFFF00">Yellow lines</span> hint at Python interaction.<br />
+                Click on a line that starts with a "<code>+</code>" to see the C code that Cython generated for it.
+            </p>
+            ''').format(css=self._css(), watermark=Version.watermark,
+                        filename=os.path.basename(source_filename) if source_filename else '',
+                        more_info=coverage_info)
+        ]
+        if c_file:
+            outlist.append(u'<p>Raw output: <a href="%s">%s</a></p>\n' % (c_file, c_file))
+        return outlist
+
+    def _save_annotation_footer(self):
+        return (u'</body></html>\n',)
+
+    def _save_annotation(self, code, generated_code, c_file=None, source_filename=None, coverage_xml=None):
+        """
+        lines : original cython source code split by lines
+        generated_code : generated c code keyed by line number in original file
+        target filename : name of the file in which to store the generated html
+        c_file : filename in which the c_code has been written
+        """
+        if coverage_xml is not None and source_filename:
+            coverage_timestamp = coverage_xml.get('timestamp', '').strip()
+            covered_lines = self._get_line_coverage(coverage_xml, source_filename)
+        else:
+            coverage_timestamp = covered_lines = None
+        annotation_items = dict(self.annotations[source_filename])
+        scopes = dict(self.scopes[source_filename])
+
+        outlist = []
+        outlist.extend(self._save_annotation_header(c_file, source_filename, coverage_timestamp))
+        outlist.extend(self._save_annotation_body(code, generated_code, annotation_items, scopes, covered_lines))
+        outlist.extend(self._save_annotation_footer())
+        return ''.join(outlist)
+
+    def _get_line_coverage(self, coverage_xml, source_filename):
+        coverage_data = None
+        for entry in coverage_xml.iterfind('.//class'):
+            if not entry.get('filename'):
+                continue
+            if (entry.get('filename') == source_filename or
+                    os.path.abspath(entry.get('filename')) == source_filename):
+                coverage_data = entry
+                break
+            elif source_filename.endswith(entry.get('filename')):
+                coverage_data = entry  # but we might still find a better match...
+        if coverage_data is None:
+            return None
+        return dict(
+            (int(line.get('number')), int(line.get('hits')))
+            for line in coverage_data.iterfind('lines/line')
+        )
+
+    def _htmlify_code(self, code):
+        try:
+            from pygments import highlight
+            from pygments.lexers import CythonLexer
+            from pygments.formatters import HtmlFormatter
+        except ImportError:
+            # no Pygments, just escape the code
+            return html_escape(code)
+
+        html_code = highlight(
+            code, CythonLexer(stripnl=False, stripall=False),
+            HtmlFormatter(nowrap=True))
+        return html_code
+
+    def _save_annotation_body(self, cython_code, generated_code, annotation_items, scopes, covered_lines=None):
+        outlist = [u'<div class="cython">']
+        pos_comment_marker = u'/* \N{HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS} */\n'
+        new_calls_map = dict(
+            (name, 0) for name in
+            'refnanny trace py_macro_api py_c_api pyx_macro_api pyx_c_api error_goto'.split()
+        ).copy
+
+        self.mark_pos(None)
+
+        def annotate(match):
+            group_name = match.lastgroup
+            calls[group_name] += 1
+            return u"<span class='%s'>%s</span>" % (
+                group_name, match.group(group_name))
+
+        lines = self._htmlify_code(cython_code).splitlines()
+        lineno_width = len(str(len(lines)))
+        if not covered_lines:
+            covered_lines = None
+
+        for k, line in enumerate(lines, 1):
+            try:
+                c_code = generated_code[k]
+            except KeyError:
+                c_code = ''
+            else:
+                c_code = _replace_pos_comment(pos_comment_marker, c_code)
+                if c_code.startswith(pos_comment_marker):
+                    c_code = c_code[len(pos_comment_marker):]
+                c_code = html_escape(c_code)
+
+            calls = new_calls_map()
+            c_code = _parse_code(annotate, c_code)
+            score = (5 * calls['py_c_api'] + 2 * calls['pyx_c_api'] +
+                     calls['py_macro_api'] + calls['pyx_macro_api'])
+
+            if c_code:
+                onclick = self._onclick_attr
+                expandsymbol = '+'
+            else:
+                onclick = ''
+                expandsymbol = '&#xA0;'
+
+            covered = ''
+            if covered_lines is not None and k in covered_lines:
+                hits = covered_lines[k]
+                if hits is not None:
+                    covered = 'run' if hits else 'mis'
+
+            outlist.append(
+                u'<pre class="cython line score-{score}"{onclick}>'
+                # generate line number with expand symbol in front,
+                # and the right  number of digit
+                u'{expandsymbol}<span class="{covered}">{line:0{lineno_width}d}</span>: {code}</pre>\n'.format(
+                    score=score,
+                    expandsymbol=expandsymbol,
+                    covered=covered,
+                    lineno_width=lineno_width,
+                    line=k,
+                    code=line.rstrip(),
+                    onclick=onclick,
+                ))
+            if c_code:
+                outlist.append(u"<pre class='cython code score-{score} {covered}'>{code}</pre>".format(
+                    score=score, covered=covered, code=c_code))
+        outlist.append(u"</div>")
+        return outlist
+
+
+_parse_code = re.compile((
+    br'(?P<refnanny>__Pyx_X?(?:GOT|GIVE)REF|__Pyx_RefNanny[A-Za-z]+)|'
+    br'(?P<trace>__Pyx_Trace[A-Za-z]+)|'
+    br'(?:'
+    br'(?P<pyx_macro_api>__Pyx_[A-Z][A-Z_]+)|'
+    br'(?P<pyx_c_api>(?:__Pyx_[A-Z][a-z_][A-Za-z_]*)|__pyx_convert_[A-Za-z_]*)|'
+    br'(?P<py_macro_api>Py[A-Z][a-z]+_[A-Z][A-Z_]+)|'
+    br'(?P<py_c_api>Py[A-Z][a-z]+_[A-Z][a-z][A-Za-z_]*)'
+    br')(?=\()|'       # look-ahead to exclude subsequent '(' from replacement
+    br'(?P<error_goto>(?:(?<=;) *if [^;]* +)?__PYX_ERR\([^)]+\))'
+).decode('ascii')).sub
+
+
+_replace_pos_comment = re.compile(
+    # this matches what Cython generates as code line marker comment
+    br'^\s*/\*(?:(?:[^*]|\*[^/])*\n)+\s*\*/\s*\n'.decode('ascii'),
+    re.M
+).sub
+
+
+class AnnotationItem(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, style, text, tag="", size=0):
+        self.style = style
+        self.text = text
+        self.tag = tag
+        self.size = size
+
+    def start(self):
+        return u"<span class='cython tag %s' title='%s'>%s" % (self.style, self.text, self.tag)
+
+    def end(self):
+        return self.size, u"</span>"

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/AutoDocTransforms.py

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
+
+from .Visitor import CythonTransform
+from .StringEncoding import EncodedString
+from . import Options
+from . import PyrexTypes, ExprNodes
+from ..CodeWriter import ExpressionWriter
+
+
+class AnnotationWriter(ExpressionWriter):
+
+    def visit_Node(self, node):
+        self.put(u"<???>")
+
+    def visit_LambdaNode(self, node):
+        # XXX Should we do better?
+        self.put("<lambda>")
+
+
+class EmbedSignature(CythonTransform):
+
+    def __init__(self, context):
+        super(EmbedSignature, self).__init__(context)
+        self.class_name = None
+        self.class_node = None
+
+    def _fmt_expr(self, node):
+        writer = AnnotationWriter()
+        result = writer.write(node)
+        # print(type(node).__name__, '-->', result)
+        return result
+
+    def _fmt_arg(self, arg):
+        if arg.type is PyrexTypes.py_object_type or arg.is_self_arg:
+            doc = arg.name
+        else:
+            doc = arg.type.declaration_code(arg.name, for_display=1)
+
+        if arg.annotation:
+            annotation = self._fmt_expr(arg.annotation)
+            doc = doc + (': %s' % annotation)
+            if arg.default:
+                default = self._fmt_expr(arg.default)
+                doc = doc + (' = %s' % default)
+        elif arg.default:
+            default = self._fmt_expr(arg.default)
+            doc = doc + ('=%s' % default)
+        return doc
+
+    def _fmt_star_arg(self, arg):
+        arg_doc = arg.name
+        if arg.annotation:
+            annotation = self._fmt_expr(arg.annotation)
+            arg_doc = arg_doc + (': %s' % annotation)
+        return arg_doc
+
+    def _fmt_arglist(self, args,
+                     npargs=0, pargs=None,
+                     nkargs=0, kargs=None,
+                     hide_self=False):
+        arglist = []
+        for arg in args:
+            if not hide_self or not arg.entry.is_self_arg:
+                arg_doc = self._fmt_arg(arg)
+                arglist.append(arg_doc)
+        if pargs:
+            arg_doc = self._fmt_star_arg(pargs)
+            arglist.insert(npargs, '*%s' % arg_doc)
+        elif nkargs:
+            arglist.insert(npargs, '*')
+        if kargs:
+            arg_doc = self._fmt_star_arg(kargs)
+            arglist.append('**%s' % arg_doc)
+        return arglist
+
+    def _fmt_ret_type(self, ret):
+        if ret is PyrexTypes.py_object_type:
+            return None
+        else:
+            return ret.declaration_code("", for_display=1)
+
+    def _fmt_signature(self, cls_name, func_name, args,
+                       npargs=0, pargs=None,
+                       nkargs=0, kargs=None,
+                       return_expr=None,
+                       return_type=None, hide_self=False):
+        arglist = self._fmt_arglist(args,
+                                    npargs, pargs,
+                                    nkargs, kargs,
+                                    hide_self=hide_self)
+        arglist_doc = ', '.join(arglist)
+        func_doc = '%s(%s)' % (func_name, arglist_doc)
+        if cls_name:
+            func_doc = '%s.%s' % (cls_name, func_doc)
+        ret_doc = None
+        if return_expr:
+            ret_doc = self._fmt_expr(return_expr)
+        elif return_type:
+            ret_doc = self._fmt_ret_type(return_type)
+        if ret_doc:
+            func_doc = '%s -> %s' % (func_doc, ret_doc)
+        return func_doc
+
+    def _embed_signature(self, signature, node_doc):
+        if node_doc:
+            return "%s\n%s" % (signature, node_doc)
+        else:
+            return signature
+
+    def __call__(self, node):
+        if not Options.docstrings:
+            return node
+        else:
+            return super(EmbedSignature, self).__call__(node)
+
+    def visit_ClassDefNode(self, node):
+        oldname = self.class_name
+        oldclass = self.class_node
+        self.class_node = node
+        try:
+            # PyClassDefNode
+            self.class_name = node.name
+        except AttributeError:
+            # CClassDefNode
+            self.class_name = node.class_name
+        self.visitchildren(node)
+        self.class_name = oldname
+        self.class_node = oldclass
+        return node
+
+    def visit_LambdaNode(self, node):
+        # lambda expressions so not have signature or inner functions
+        return node
+
+    def visit_DefNode(self, node):
+        if not self.current_directives['embedsignature']:
+            return node
+
+        is_constructor = False
+        hide_self = False
+        if node.entry.is_special:
+            is_constructor = self.class_node and node.name == '__init__'
+            if not is_constructor:
+                return node
+            class_name, func_name = None, self.class_name
+            hide_self = True
+        else:
+            class_name, func_name = self.class_name, node.name
+
+        nkargs = getattr(node, 'num_kwonly_args', 0)
+        npargs = len(node.args) - nkargs
+        signature = self._fmt_signature(
+            class_name, func_name, node.args,
+            npargs, node.star_arg,
+            nkargs, node.starstar_arg,
+            return_expr=node.return_type_annotation,
+            return_type=None, hide_self=hide_self)
+        if signature:
+            if is_constructor:
+                doc_holder = self.class_node.entry.type.scope
+            else:
+                doc_holder = node.entry
+
+            if doc_holder.doc is not None:
+                old_doc = doc_holder.doc
+            elif not is_constructor and getattr(node, 'py_func', None) is not None:
+                old_doc = node.py_func.entry.doc
+            else:
+                old_doc = None
+            new_doc = self._embed_signature(signature, old_doc)
+            doc_holder.doc = EncodedString(new_doc)
+            if not is_constructor and getattr(node, 'py_func', None) is not None:
+                node.py_func.entry.doc = EncodedString(new_doc)
+        return node
+
+    def visit_CFuncDefNode(self, node):
+        if not self.current_directives['embedsignature']:
+            return node
+        if not node.overridable: # not cpdef FOO(...):
+            return node
+
+        signature = self._fmt_signature(
+            self.class_name, node.declarator.base.name,
+            node.declarator.args,
+            return_type=node.return_type)
+        if signature:
+            if node.entry.doc is not None:
+                old_doc = node.entry.doc
+            elif getattr(node, 'py_func', None) is not None:
+                old_doc = node.py_func.entry.doc
+            else:
+                old_doc = None
+            new_doc = self._embed_signature(signature, old_doc)
+            node.entry.doc = EncodedString(new_doc)
+            if hasattr(node, 'py_func') and node.py_func is not None:
+                node.py_func.entry.doc = EncodedString(new_doc)
+        return node
+
+    def visit_PropertyNode(self, node):
+        if not self.current_directives['embedsignature']:
+            return node
+
+        entry = node.entry
+        if entry.visibility == 'public':
+            # property synthesised from a cdef public attribute
+            type_name = entry.type.declaration_code("", for_display=1)
+            if not entry.type.is_pyobject:
+                type_name = "'%s'" % type_name
+            elif entry.type.is_extension_type:
+                type_name = entry.type.module_name + '.' + type_name
+            signature = '%s: %s' % (entry.name, type_name)
+            new_doc = self._embed_signature(signature, entry.doc)
+            entry.doc = EncodedString(new_doc)
+        return node

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/Buffer.py

@@ -0,0 +1,740 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from .Visitor import CythonTransform
+from .ModuleNode import ModuleNode
+from .Errors import CompileError
+from .UtilityCode import CythonUtilityCode
+from .Code import UtilityCode, TempitaUtilityCode
+
+from . import Options
+from . import Interpreter
+from . import PyrexTypes
+from . import Naming
+from . import Symtab
+
+def dedent(text, reindent=0):
+    from textwrap import dedent
+    text = dedent(text)
+    if reindent > 0:
+        indent = " " * reindent
+        text = '\n'.join([indent + x for x in text.split('\n')])
+    return text
+
+class IntroduceBufferAuxiliaryVars(CythonTransform):
+
+    #
+    # Entry point
+    #
+
+    buffers_exists = False
+    using_memoryview = False
+
+    def __call__(self, node):
+        assert isinstance(node, ModuleNode)
+        self.max_ndim = 0
+        result = super(IntroduceBufferAuxiliaryVars, self).__call__(node)
+        if self.buffers_exists:
+            use_bufstruct_declare_code(node.scope)
+            use_py2_buffer_functions(node.scope)
+
+        return result
+
+
+    #
+    # Basic operations for transforms
+    #
+    def handle_scope(self, node, scope):
+        # For all buffers, insert extra variables in the scope.
+        # The variables are also accessible from the buffer_info
+        # on the buffer entry
+        scope_items = scope.entries.items()
+        bufvars = [entry for name, entry in scope_items if entry.type.is_buffer]
+        if len(bufvars) > 0:
+            bufvars.sort(key=lambda entry: entry.name)
+            self.buffers_exists = True
+
+        memviewslicevars = [entry for name, entry in scope_items if entry.type.is_memoryviewslice]
+        if len(memviewslicevars) > 0:
+            self.buffers_exists = True
+
+
+        for (name, entry) in scope_items:
+            if name == 'memoryview' and isinstance(entry.utility_code_definition, CythonUtilityCode):
+                self.using_memoryview = True
+                break
+        del scope_items
+
+        if isinstance(node, ModuleNode) and len(bufvars) > 0:
+            # for now...note that pos is wrong
+            raise CompileError(node.pos, "Buffer vars not allowed in module scope")
+        for entry in bufvars:
+            if entry.type.dtype.is_ptr:
+                raise CompileError(node.pos, "Buffers with pointer types not yet supported.")
+
+            name = entry.name
+            buftype = entry.type
+            if buftype.ndim > Options.buffer_max_dims:
+                raise CompileError(node.pos,
+                        "Buffer ndims exceeds Options.buffer_max_dims = %d" % Options.buffer_max_dims)
+            if buftype.ndim > self.max_ndim:
+                self.max_ndim = buftype.ndim
+
+            # Declare auxiliary vars
+            def decvar(type, prefix):
+                cname = scope.mangle(prefix, name)
+                aux_var = scope.declare_var(name=None, cname=cname,
+                                            type=type, pos=node.pos)
+                if entry.is_arg:
+                    aux_var.used = True # otherwise, NameNode will mark whether it is used
+
+                return aux_var
+
+            auxvars = ((PyrexTypes.c_pyx_buffer_nd_type, Naming.pybuffernd_prefix),
+                       (PyrexTypes.c_pyx_buffer_type, Naming.pybufferstruct_prefix))
+            pybuffernd, rcbuffer = [decvar(type, prefix) for (type, prefix) in auxvars]
+
+            entry.buffer_aux = Symtab.BufferAux(pybuffernd, rcbuffer)
+
+        scope.buffer_entries = bufvars
+        self.scope = scope
+
+    def visit_ModuleNode(self, node):
+        self.handle_scope(node, node.scope)
+        self.visitchildren(node)
+        return node
+
+    def visit_FuncDefNode(self, node):
+        self.handle_scope(node, node.local_scope)
+        self.visitchildren(node)
+        return node
+
+#
+# Analysis
+#
+buffer_options = ("dtype", "ndim", "mode", "negative_indices", "cast") # ordered!
+buffer_defaults = {"ndim": 1, "mode": "full", "negative_indices": True, "cast": False}
+buffer_positional_options_count = 1 # anything beyond this needs keyword argument
+
+ERR_BUF_OPTION_UNKNOWN = '"%s" is not a buffer option'
+ERR_BUF_TOO_MANY = 'Too many buffer options'
+ERR_BUF_DUP = '"%s" buffer option already supplied'
+ERR_BUF_MISSING = '"%s" missing'
+ERR_BUF_MODE = 'Only allowed buffer modes are: "c", "fortran", "full", "strided" (as a compile-time string)'
+ERR_BUF_NDIM = 'ndim must be a non-negative integer'
+ERR_BUF_DTYPE = 'dtype must be "object", numeric type or a struct'
+ERR_BUF_BOOL = '"%s" must be a boolean'
+
+def analyse_buffer_options(globalpos, env, posargs, dictargs, defaults=None, need_complete=True):
+    """
+    Must be called during type analysis, as analyse is called
+    on the dtype argument.
+
+    posargs and dictargs should consist of a list and a dict
+    of tuples (value, pos). Defaults should be a dict of values.
+
+    Returns a dict containing all the options a buffer can have and
+    its value (with the positions stripped).
+    """
+    if defaults is None:
+        defaults = buffer_defaults
+
+    posargs, dictargs = Interpreter.interpret_compiletime_options(
+        posargs, dictargs, type_env=env, type_args=(0, 'dtype'))
+
+    if len(posargs) > buffer_positional_options_count:
+        raise CompileError(posargs[-1][1], ERR_BUF_TOO_MANY)
+
+    options = {}
+    for name, (value, pos) in dictargs.items():
+        if not name in buffer_options:
+            raise CompileError(pos, ERR_BUF_OPTION_UNKNOWN % name)
+        options[name] = value
+
+    for name, (value, pos) in zip(buffer_options, posargs):
+        if not name in buffer_options:
+            raise CompileError(pos, ERR_BUF_OPTION_UNKNOWN % name)
+        if name in options:
+            raise CompileError(pos, ERR_BUF_DUP % name)
+        options[name] = value
+
+    # Check that they are all there and copy defaults
+    for name in buffer_options:
+        if not name in options:
+            try:
+                options[name] = defaults[name]
+            except KeyError:
+                if need_complete:
+                    raise CompileError(globalpos, ERR_BUF_MISSING % name)
+
+    dtype = options.get("dtype")
+    if dtype and dtype.is_extension_type:
+        raise CompileError(globalpos, ERR_BUF_DTYPE)
+
+    ndim = options.get("ndim")
+    if ndim and (not isinstance(ndim, int) or ndim < 0):
+        raise CompileError(globalpos, ERR_BUF_NDIM)
+
+    mode = options.get("mode")
+    if mode and not (mode in ('full', 'strided', 'c', 'fortran')):
+        raise CompileError(globalpos, ERR_BUF_MODE)
+
+    def assert_bool(name):
+        x = options.get(name)
+        if not isinstance(x, bool):
+            raise CompileError(globalpos, ERR_BUF_BOOL % name)
+
+    assert_bool('negative_indices')
+    assert_bool('cast')
+
+    return options
+
+
+#
+# Code generation
+#
+
+class BufferEntry(object):
+    def __init__(self, entry):
+        self.entry = entry
+        self.type = entry.type
+        self.cname = entry.buffer_aux.buflocal_nd_var.cname
+        self.buf_ptr = "%s.rcbuffer->pybuffer.buf" % self.cname
+        self.buf_ptr_type = entry.type.buffer_ptr_type
+        self.init_attributes()
+
+    def init_attributes(self):
+        self.shape = self.get_buf_shapevars()
+        self.strides = self.get_buf_stridevars()
+        self.suboffsets = self.get_buf_suboffsetvars()
+
+    def get_buf_suboffsetvars(self):
+        return self._for_all_ndim("%s.diminfo[%d].suboffsets")
+
+    def get_buf_stridevars(self):
+        return self._for_all_ndim("%s.diminfo[%d].strides")
+
+    def get_buf_shapevars(self):
+        return self._for_all_ndim("%s.diminfo[%d].shape")
+
+    def _for_all_ndim(self, s):
+        return [s % (self.cname, i) for i in range(self.type.ndim)]
+
+    def generate_buffer_lookup_code(self, code, index_cnames):
+        # Create buffer lookup and return it
+        # This is done via utility macros/inline functions, which vary
+        # according to the access mode used.
+        params = []
+        nd = self.type.ndim
+        mode = self.type.mode
+        if mode == 'full':
+            for i, s, o in zip(index_cnames,
+                               self.get_buf_stridevars(),
+                               self.get_buf_suboffsetvars()):
+                params.append(i)
+                params.append(s)
+                params.append(o)
+            funcname = "__Pyx_BufPtrFull%dd" % nd
+            funcgen = buf_lookup_full_code
+        else:
+            if mode == 'strided':
+                funcname = "__Pyx_BufPtrStrided%dd" % nd
+                funcgen = buf_lookup_strided_code
+            elif mode == 'c':
+                funcname = "__Pyx_BufPtrCContig%dd" % nd
+                funcgen = buf_lookup_c_code
+            elif mode == 'fortran':
+                funcname = "__Pyx_BufPtrFortranContig%dd" % nd
+                funcgen = buf_lookup_fortran_code
+            else:
+                assert False
+            for i, s in zip(index_cnames, self.get_buf_stridevars()):
+                params.append(i)
+                params.append(s)
+
+        # Make sure the utility code is available
+        if funcname not in code.globalstate.utility_codes:
+            code.globalstate.utility_codes.add(funcname)
+            protocode = code.globalstate['utility_code_proto']
+            defcode = code.globalstate['utility_code_def']
+            funcgen(protocode, defcode, name=funcname, nd=nd)
+
+        buf_ptr_type_code = self.buf_ptr_type.empty_declaration_code()
+        ptrcode = "%s(%s, %s, %s)" % (funcname, buf_ptr_type_code, self.buf_ptr,
+                                      ", ".join(params))
+        return ptrcode
+
+
+def get_flags(buffer_aux, buffer_type):
+    flags = 'PyBUF_FORMAT'
+    mode = buffer_type.mode
+    if mode == 'full':
+        flags += '| PyBUF_INDIRECT'
+    elif mode == 'strided':
+        flags += '| PyBUF_STRIDES'
+    elif mode == 'c':
+        flags += '| PyBUF_C_CONTIGUOUS'
+    elif mode == 'fortran':
+        flags += '| PyBUF_F_CONTIGUOUS'
+    else:
+        assert False
+    if buffer_aux.writable_needed: flags += "| PyBUF_WRITABLE"
+    return flags
+
+def used_buffer_aux_vars(entry):
+    buffer_aux = entry.buffer_aux
+    buffer_aux.buflocal_nd_var.used = True
+    buffer_aux.rcbuf_var.used = True
+
+def put_unpack_buffer_aux_into_scope(buf_entry, code):
+    # Generate code to copy the needed struct info into local
+    # variables.
+    buffer_aux, mode = buf_entry.buffer_aux, buf_entry.type.mode
+    pybuffernd_struct = buffer_aux.buflocal_nd_var.cname
+
+    fldnames = ['strides', 'shape']
+    if mode == 'full':
+        fldnames.append('suboffsets')
+
+    ln = []
+    for i in range(buf_entry.type.ndim):
+        for fldname in fldnames:
+            ln.append("%s.diminfo[%d].%s = %s.rcbuffer->pybuffer.%s[%d];" % \
+                    (pybuffernd_struct, i, fldname,
+                     pybuffernd_struct, fldname, i))
+    code.putln(' '.join(ln))
+
+def put_init_vars(entry, code):
+    bufaux = entry.buffer_aux
+    pybuffernd_struct = bufaux.buflocal_nd_var.cname
+    pybuffer_struct = bufaux.rcbuf_var.cname
+    # init pybuffer_struct
+    code.putln("%s.pybuffer.buf = NULL;" % pybuffer_struct)
+    code.putln("%s.refcount = 0;" % pybuffer_struct)
+    # init the buffer object
+    # code.put_init_var_to_py_none(entry)
+    # init the pybuffernd_struct
+    code.putln("%s.data = NULL;" % pybuffernd_struct)
+    code.putln("%s.rcbuffer = &%s;" % (pybuffernd_struct, pybuffer_struct))
+
+
+def put_acquire_arg_buffer(entry, code, pos):
+    buffer_aux = entry.buffer_aux
+    getbuffer = get_getbuffer_call(code, entry.cname, buffer_aux, entry.type)
+
+    # Acquire any new buffer
+    code.putln("{")
+    code.putln("__Pyx_BufFmt_StackElem __pyx_stack[%d];" % entry.type.dtype.struct_nesting_depth())
+    code.putln(code.error_goto_if("%s == -1" % getbuffer, pos))
+    code.putln("}")
+    # An exception raised in arg parsing cannot be caught, so no
+    # need to care about the buffer then.
+    put_unpack_buffer_aux_into_scope(entry, code)
+
+
+def put_release_buffer_code(code, entry):
+    code.globalstate.use_utility_code(acquire_utility_code)
+    code.putln("__Pyx_SafeReleaseBuffer(&%s.rcbuffer->pybuffer);" % entry.buffer_aux.buflocal_nd_var.cname)
+
+
+def get_getbuffer_call(code, obj_cname, buffer_aux, buffer_type):
+    ndim = buffer_type.ndim
+    cast = int(buffer_type.cast)
+    flags = get_flags(buffer_aux, buffer_type)
+    pybuffernd_struct = buffer_aux.buflocal_nd_var.cname
+
+    dtype_typeinfo = get_type_information_cname(code, buffer_type.dtype)
+
+    code.globalstate.use_utility_code(acquire_utility_code)
+    return ("__Pyx_GetBufferAndValidate(&%(pybuffernd_struct)s.rcbuffer->pybuffer, "
+            "(PyObject*)%(obj_cname)s, &%(dtype_typeinfo)s, %(flags)s, %(ndim)d, "
+            "%(cast)d, __pyx_stack)" % locals())
+
+
+def put_assign_to_buffer(lhs_cname, rhs_cname, buf_entry,
+                         is_initialized, pos, code):
+    """
+    Generate code for reassigning a buffer variables. This only deals with getting
+    the buffer auxiliary structure and variables set up correctly, the assignment
+    itself and refcounting is the responsibility of the caller.
+
+    However, the assignment operation may throw an exception so that the reassignment
+    never happens.
+
+    Depending on the circumstances there are two possible outcomes:
+    - Old buffer released, new acquired, rhs assigned to lhs
+    - Old buffer released, new acquired which fails, reaqcuire old lhs buffer
+      (which may or may not succeed).
+    """
+
+    buffer_aux, buffer_type = buf_entry.buffer_aux, buf_entry.type
+    pybuffernd_struct = buffer_aux.buflocal_nd_var.cname
+    flags = get_flags(buffer_aux, buffer_type)
+
+    code.putln("{")  # Set up necessary stack for getbuffer
+    code.putln("__Pyx_BufFmt_StackElem __pyx_stack[%d];" % buffer_type.dtype.struct_nesting_depth())
+
+    getbuffer = get_getbuffer_call(code, "%s", buffer_aux, buffer_type) # fill in object below
+
+    if is_initialized:
+        # Release any existing buffer
+        code.putln('__Pyx_SafeReleaseBuffer(&%s.rcbuffer->pybuffer);' % pybuffernd_struct)
+        # Acquire
+        retcode_cname = code.funcstate.allocate_temp(PyrexTypes.c_int_type, manage_ref=False)
+        code.putln("%s = %s;" % (retcode_cname, getbuffer % rhs_cname))
+        code.putln('if (%s) {' % (code.unlikely("%s < 0" % retcode_cname)))
+        # If acquisition failed, attempt to reacquire the old buffer
+        # before raising the exception. A failure of reacquisition
+        # will cause the reacquisition exception to be reported, one
+        # can consider working around this later.
+        exc_temps = tuple(code.funcstate.allocate_temp(PyrexTypes.py_object_type, manage_ref=False)
+                          for _ in range(3))
+        code.putln('PyErr_Fetch(&%s, &%s, &%s);' % exc_temps)
+        code.putln('if (%s) {' % code.unlikely("%s == -1" % (getbuffer % lhs_cname)))
+        code.putln('Py_XDECREF(%s); Py_XDECREF(%s); Py_XDECREF(%s);' % exc_temps)  # Do not refnanny these!
+        code.globalstate.use_utility_code(raise_buffer_fallback_code)
+        code.putln('__Pyx_RaiseBufferFallbackError();')
+        code.putln('} else {')
+        code.putln('PyErr_Restore(%s, %s, %s);' % exc_temps)
+        code.putln('}')
+        code.putln('%s = %s = %s = 0;' % exc_temps)
+        for t in exc_temps:
+            code.funcstate.release_temp(t)
+        code.putln('}')
+        # Unpack indices
+        put_unpack_buffer_aux_into_scope(buf_entry, code)
+        code.putln(code.error_goto_if_neg(retcode_cname, pos))
+        code.funcstate.release_temp(retcode_cname)
+    else:
+        # Our entry had no previous value, so set to None when acquisition fails.
+        # In this case, auxiliary vars should be set up right in initialization to a zero-buffer,
+        # so it suffices to set the buf field to NULL.
+        code.putln('if (%s) {' % code.unlikely("%s == -1" % (getbuffer % rhs_cname)))
+        code.putln('%s = %s; __Pyx_INCREF(Py_None); %s.rcbuffer->pybuffer.buf = NULL;' %
+                   (lhs_cname,
+                    PyrexTypes.typecast(buffer_type, PyrexTypes.py_object_type, "Py_None"),
+                    pybuffernd_struct))
+        code.putln(code.error_goto(pos))
+        code.put('} else {')
+        # Unpack indices
+        put_unpack_buffer_aux_into_scope(buf_entry, code)
+        code.putln('}')
+
+    code.putln("}") # Release stack
+
+
+def put_buffer_lookup_code(entry, index_signeds, index_cnames, directives,
+                           pos, code, negative_indices, in_nogil_context):
+    """
+    Generates code to process indices and calculate an offset into
+    a buffer. Returns a C string which gives a pointer which can be
+    read from or written to at will (it is an expression so caller should
+    store it in a temporary if it is used more than once).
+
+    As the bounds checking can have any number of combinations of unsigned
+    arguments, smart optimizations etc. we insert it directly in the function
+    body. The lookup however is delegated to a inline function that is instantiated
+    once per ndim (lookup with suboffsets tend to get quite complicated).
+
+    entry is a BufferEntry
+    """
+    negative_indices = directives['wraparound'] and negative_indices
+
+    if directives['boundscheck']:
+        # Check bounds and fix negative indices.
+        # We allocate a temporary which is initialized to -1, meaning OK (!).
+        # If an error occurs, the temp is set to the index dimension the
+        # error is occurring at.
+        failed_dim_temp = code.funcstate.allocate_temp(PyrexTypes.c_int_type, manage_ref=False)
+        code.putln("%s = -1;" % failed_dim_temp)
+        for dim, (signed, cname, shape) in enumerate(zip(index_signeds, index_cnames, entry.get_buf_shapevars())):
+            if signed != 0:
+                # not unsigned, deal with negative index
+                code.putln("if (%s < 0) {" % cname)
+                if negative_indices:
+                    code.putln("%s += %s;" % (cname, shape))
+                    code.putln("if (%s) %s = %d;" % (
+                        code.unlikely("%s < 0" % cname),
+                        failed_dim_temp, dim))
+                else:
+                    code.putln("%s = %d;" % (failed_dim_temp, dim))
+                code.put("} else ")
+            # check bounds in positive direction
+            if signed != 0:
+                cast = ""
+            else:
+                cast = "(size_t)"
+            code.putln("if (%s) %s = %d;" % (
+                code.unlikely("%s >= %s%s" % (cname, cast, shape)),
+                failed_dim_temp, dim))
+
+        if in_nogil_context:
+            code.globalstate.use_utility_code(raise_indexerror_nogil)
+            func = '__Pyx_RaiseBufferIndexErrorNogil'
+        else:
+            code.globalstate.use_utility_code(raise_indexerror_code)
+            func = '__Pyx_RaiseBufferIndexError'
+
+        code.putln("if (%s) {" % code.unlikely("%s != -1" % failed_dim_temp))
+        code.putln('%s(%s);' % (func, failed_dim_temp))
+        code.putln(code.error_goto(pos))
+        code.putln('}')
+        code.funcstate.release_temp(failed_dim_temp)
+    elif negative_indices:
+        # Only fix negative indices.
+        for signed, cname, shape in zip(index_signeds, index_cnames, entry.get_buf_shapevars()):
+            if signed != 0:
+                code.putln("if (%s < 0) %s += %s;" % (cname, cname, shape))
+
+    return entry.generate_buffer_lookup_code(code, index_cnames)
+
+
+def use_bufstruct_declare_code(env):
+    env.use_utility_code(buffer_struct_declare_code)
+
+
+def buf_lookup_full_code(proto, defin, name, nd):
+    """
+    Generates a buffer lookup function for the right number
+    of dimensions. The function gives back a void* at the right location.
+    """
+    # _i_ndex, _s_tride, sub_o_ffset
+    macroargs = ", ".join(["i%d, s%d, o%d" % (i, i, i) for i in range(nd)])
+    proto.putln("#define %s(type, buf, %s) (type)(%s_imp(buf, %s))" % (name, macroargs, name, macroargs))
+
+    funcargs = ", ".join(["Py_ssize_t i%d, Py_ssize_t s%d, Py_ssize_t o%d" % (i, i, i) for i in range(nd)])
+    proto.putln("static CYTHON_INLINE void* %s_imp(void* buf, %s);" % (name, funcargs))
+    defin.putln(dedent("""
+        static CYTHON_INLINE void* %s_imp(void* buf, %s) {
+          char* ptr = (char*)buf;
+        """) % (name, funcargs) + "".join([dedent("""\
+          ptr += s%d * i%d;
+          if (o%d >= 0) ptr = *((char**)ptr) + o%d;
+        """) % (i, i, i, i) for i in range(nd)]
+        ) + "\nreturn ptr;\n}")
+
+
+def buf_lookup_strided_code(proto, defin, name, nd):
+    """
+    Generates a buffer lookup function for the right number
+    of dimensions. The function gives back a void* at the right location.
+    """
+    # _i_ndex, _s_tride
+    args = ", ".join(["i%d, s%d" % (i, i) for i in range(nd)])
+    offset = " + ".join(["i%d * s%d" % (i, i) for i in range(nd)])
+    proto.putln("#define %s(type, buf, %s) (type)((char*)buf + %s)" % (name, args, offset))
+
+
+def buf_lookup_c_code(proto, defin, name, nd):
+    """
+    Similar to strided lookup, but can assume that the last dimension
+    doesn't need a multiplication as long as.
+    Still we keep the same signature for now.
+    """
+    if nd == 1:
+        proto.putln("#define %s(type, buf, i0, s0) ((type)buf + i0)" % name)
+    else:
+        args = ", ".join(["i%d, s%d" % (i, i) for i in range(nd)])
+        offset = " + ".join(["i%d * s%d" % (i, i) for i in range(nd - 1)])
+        proto.putln("#define %s(type, buf, %s) ((type)((char*)buf + %s) + i%d)" % (name, args, offset, nd - 1))
+
+
+def buf_lookup_fortran_code(proto, defin, name, nd):
+    """
+    Like C lookup, but the first index is optimized instead.
+    """
+    if nd == 1:
+        proto.putln("#define %s(type, buf, i0, s0) ((type)buf + i0)" % name)
+    else:
+        args = ", ".join(["i%d, s%d" % (i, i) for i in range(nd)])
+        offset = " + ".join(["i%d * s%d" % (i, i) for i in range(1, nd)])
+        proto.putln("#define %s(type, buf, %s) ((type)((char*)buf + %s) + i%d)" % (name, args, offset, 0))
+
+
+def use_py2_buffer_functions(env):
+    env.use_utility_code(GetAndReleaseBufferUtilityCode())
+
+
+class GetAndReleaseBufferUtilityCode(object):
+    # Emulation of PyObject_GetBuffer and PyBuffer_Release for Python 2.
+    # For >= 2.6 we do double mode -- use the new buffer interface on objects
+    # which has the right tp_flags set, but emulation otherwise.
+
+    requires = None
+    is_cython_utility = False
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        pass
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return isinstance(other, GetAndReleaseBufferUtilityCode)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return 24342342
+
+    def get_tree(self, **kwargs): pass
+
+    def put_code(self, output):
+        code = output['utility_code_def']
+        proto_code = output['utility_code_proto']
+        env = output.module_node.scope
+        cython_scope = env.context.cython_scope
+
+        # Search all types for __getbuffer__ overloads
+        types = []
+        visited_scopes = set()
+        def find_buffer_types(scope):
+            if scope in visited_scopes:
+                return
+            visited_scopes.add(scope)
+            for m in scope.cimported_modules:
+                find_buffer_types(m)
+            for e in scope.type_entries:
+                if isinstance(e.utility_code_definition, CythonUtilityCode):
+                    continue
+                t = e.type
+                if t.is_extension_type:
+                    if scope is cython_scope and not e.used:
+                        continue
+                    release = get = None
+                    for x in t.scope.pyfunc_entries:
+                        if x.name == u"__getbuffer__": get = x.func_cname
+                        elif x.name == u"__releasebuffer__": release = x.func_cname
+                    if get:
+                        types.append((t.typeptr_cname, get, release))
+
+        find_buffer_types(env)
+
+        util_code = TempitaUtilityCode.load(
+            "GetAndReleaseBuffer", from_file="Buffer.c",
+            context=dict(types=types))
+
+        proto = util_code.format_code(util_code.proto)
+        impl = util_code.format_code(
+            util_code.inject_string_constants(util_code.impl, output)[1])
+
+        proto_code.putln(proto)
+        code.putln(impl)
+
+
+def mangle_dtype_name(dtype):
+    # Use prefixes to separate user defined types from builtins
+    # (consider "typedef float unsigned_int")
+    if dtype.is_pyobject:
+        return "object"
+    elif dtype.is_ptr:
+        return "ptr"
+    else:
+        if dtype.is_typedef or dtype.is_struct_or_union:
+            prefix = "nn_"
+        else:
+            prefix = ""
+        return prefix + dtype.specialization_name()
+
+def get_type_information_cname(code, dtype, maxdepth=None):
+    """
+    Output the run-time type information (__Pyx_TypeInfo) for given dtype,
+    and return the name of the type info struct.
+
+    Structs with two floats of the same size are encoded as complex numbers.
+    One can separate between complex numbers declared as struct or with native
+    encoding by inspecting to see if the fields field of the type is
+    filled in.
+    """
+    namesuffix = mangle_dtype_name(dtype)
+    name = "__Pyx_TypeInfo_%s" % namesuffix
+    structinfo_name = "__Pyx_StructFields_%s" % namesuffix
+
+    if dtype.is_error: return "<error>"
+
+    # It's critical that walking the type info doesn't use more stack
+    # depth than dtype.struct_nesting_depth() returns, so use an assertion for this
+    if maxdepth is None: maxdepth = dtype.struct_nesting_depth()
+    if maxdepth <= 0:
+        assert False
+
+    if name not in code.globalstate.utility_codes:
+        code.globalstate.utility_codes.add(name)
+        typecode = code.globalstate['typeinfo']
+
+        arraysizes = []
+        if dtype.is_array:
+            while dtype.is_array:
+                arraysizes.append(dtype.size)
+                dtype = dtype.base_type
+
+        complex_possible = dtype.is_struct_or_union and dtype.can_be_complex()
+
+        declcode = dtype.empty_declaration_code()
+        if dtype.is_simple_buffer_dtype():
+            structinfo_name = "NULL"
+        elif dtype.is_struct:
+            struct_scope = dtype.scope
+            if dtype.is_const:
+                struct_scope = struct_scope.const_base_type_scope
+            # Must pre-call all used types in order not to recurse during utility code writing.
+            fields = struct_scope.var_entries
+            assert len(fields) > 0
+            types = [get_type_information_cname(code, f.type, maxdepth - 1)
+                     for f in fields]
+            typecode.putln("static __Pyx_StructField %s[] = {" % structinfo_name, safe=True)
+            for f, typeinfo in zip(fields, types):
+                typecode.putln('  {&%s, "%s", offsetof(%s, %s)},' %
+                           (typeinfo, f.name, dtype.empty_declaration_code(), f.cname), safe=True)
+            typecode.putln('  {NULL, NULL, 0}', safe=True)
+            typecode.putln("};", safe=True)
+        else:
+            assert False
+
+        rep = str(dtype)
+
+        flags = "0"
+        is_unsigned = "0"
+        if dtype is PyrexTypes.c_char_type:
+            is_unsigned = "IS_UNSIGNED(%s)" % declcode
+            typegroup = "'H'"
+        elif dtype.is_int:
+            is_unsigned = "IS_UNSIGNED(%s)" % declcode
+            typegroup = "%s ? 'U' : 'I'" % is_unsigned
+        elif complex_possible or dtype.is_complex:
+            typegroup = "'C'"
+        elif dtype.is_float:
+            typegroup = "'R'"
+        elif dtype.is_struct:
+            typegroup = "'S'"
+            if dtype.packed:
+                flags = "__PYX_BUF_FLAGS_PACKED_STRUCT"
+        elif dtype.is_pyobject:
+            typegroup = "'O'"
+        else:
+            assert False, dtype
+
+        typeinfo = ('static __Pyx_TypeInfo %s = '
+                        '{ "%s", %s, sizeof(%s), { %s }, %s, %s, %s, %s };')
+        tup = (name, rep, structinfo_name, declcode,
+               ', '.join([str(x) for x in arraysizes]) or '0', len(arraysizes),
+               typegroup, is_unsigned, flags)
+        typecode.putln(typeinfo % tup, safe=True)
+
+    return name
+
+def load_buffer_utility(util_code_name, context=None, **kwargs):
+    if context is None:
+        return UtilityCode.load(util_code_name, "Buffer.c", **kwargs)
+    else:
+        return TempitaUtilityCode.load(util_code_name, "Buffer.c", context=context, **kwargs)
+
+context = dict(max_dims=Options.buffer_max_dims)
+buffer_struct_declare_code = load_buffer_utility("BufferStructDeclare", context=context)
+buffer_formats_declare_code = load_buffer_utility("BufferFormatStructs")
+
+# Utility function to set the right exception
+# The caller should immediately goto_error
+raise_indexerror_code = load_buffer_utility("BufferIndexError")
+raise_indexerror_nogil = load_buffer_utility("BufferIndexErrorNogil")
+raise_buffer_fallback_code = load_buffer_utility("BufferFallbackError")
+
+acquire_utility_code = load_buffer_utility("BufferGetAndValidate", context=context)
+buffer_format_check_code = load_buffer_utility("BufferFormatCheck", context=context)
+
+# See utility code BufferFormatFromTypeInfo
+_typeinfo_to_format_code = load_buffer_utility("TypeInfoToFormat")

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/Builtin.py

@@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
+#
+#   Builtin Definitions
+#
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from .Symtab import BuiltinScope, StructOrUnionScope
+from .Code import UtilityCode
+from .TypeSlots import Signature
+from . import PyrexTypes
+from . import Options
+
+
+# C-level implementations of builtin types, functions and methods
+
+iter_next_utility_code = UtilityCode.load("IterNext", "ObjectHandling.c")
+getattr_utility_code = UtilityCode.load("GetAttr", "ObjectHandling.c")
+getattr3_utility_code = UtilityCode.load("GetAttr3", "Builtins.c")
+pyexec_utility_code = UtilityCode.load("PyExec", "Builtins.c")
+pyexec_globals_utility_code = UtilityCode.load("PyExecGlobals", "Builtins.c")
+globals_utility_code = UtilityCode.load("Globals", "Builtins.c")
+
+builtin_utility_code = {
+    'StopAsyncIteration': UtilityCode.load_cached("StopAsyncIteration", "Coroutine.c"),
+}
+
+
+# mapping from builtins to their C-level equivalents
+
+class _BuiltinOverride(object):
+    def __init__(self, py_name, args, ret_type, cname, py_equiv="*",
+                 utility_code=None, sig=None, func_type=None,
+                 is_strict_signature=False, builtin_return_type=None):
+        self.py_name, self.cname, self.py_equiv = py_name, cname, py_equiv
+        self.args, self.ret_type = args, ret_type
+        self.func_type, self.sig = func_type, sig
+        self.builtin_return_type = builtin_return_type
+        self.is_strict_signature = is_strict_signature
+        self.utility_code = utility_code
+
+    def build_func_type(self, sig=None, self_arg=None):
+        if sig is None:
+            sig = Signature(self.args, self.ret_type)
+            sig.exception_check = False  # not needed for the current builtins
+        func_type = sig.function_type(self_arg)
+        if self.is_strict_signature:
+            func_type.is_strict_signature = True
+        if self.builtin_return_type:
+            func_type.return_type = builtin_types[self.builtin_return_type]
+        return func_type
+
+
+class BuiltinAttribute(object):
+    def __init__(self, py_name, cname=None, field_type=None, field_type_name=None):
+        self.py_name = py_name
+        self.cname = cname or py_name
+        self.field_type_name = field_type_name # can't do the lookup before the type is declared!
+        self.field_type = field_type
+
+    def declare_in_type(self, self_type):
+        if self.field_type_name is not None:
+            # lazy type lookup
+            field_type = builtin_scope.lookup(self.field_type_name).type
+        else:
+            field_type = self.field_type or PyrexTypes.py_object_type
+        entry = self_type.scope.declare(self.py_name, self.cname, field_type, None, 'private')
+        entry.is_variable = True
+
+
+class BuiltinFunction(_BuiltinOverride):
+    def declare_in_scope(self, scope):
+        func_type, sig = self.func_type, self.sig
+        if func_type is None:
+            func_type = self.build_func_type(sig)
+        scope.declare_builtin_cfunction(self.py_name, func_type, self.cname,
+                                        self.py_equiv, self.utility_code)
+
+
+class BuiltinMethod(_BuiltinOverride):
+    def declare_in_type(self, self_type):
+        method_type, sig = self.func_type, self.sig
+        if method_type is None:
+            # override 'self' type (first argument)
+            self_arg = PyrexTypes.CFuncTypeArg("", self_type, None)
+            self_arg.not_none = True
+            self_arg.accept_builtin_subtypes = True
+            method_type = self.build_func_type(sig, self_arg)
+        self_type.scope.declare_builtin_cfunction(
+            self.py_name, method_type, self.cname, utility_code=self.utility_code)
+
+
+builtin_function_table = [
+    # name,        args,   return,  C API func,           py equiv = "*"
+    BuiltinFunction('abs',        "d",    "d",     "fabs",
+                    is_strict_signature = True),
+    BuiltinFunction('abs',        "f",    "f",     "fabsf",
+                    is_strict_signature = True),
+    BuiltinFunction('abs',        "i",    "i",     "abs",
+                    is_strict_signature = True),
+    BuiltinFunction('abs',        "l",    "l",     "labs",
+                    is_strict_signature = True),
+    BuiltinFunction('abs',        None,    None,   "__Pyx_abs_longlong",
+                utility_code = UtilityCode.load("abs_longlong", "Builtins.c"),
+                func_type = PyrexTypes.CFuncType(
+                    PyrexTypes.c_longlong_type, [
+                        PyrexTypes.CFuncTypeArg("arg", PyrexTypes.c_longlong_type, None)
+                        ],
+                    is_strict_signature = True, nogil=True)),
+    ] + list(
+        BuiltinFunction('abs',        None,    None,   "/*abs_{0}*/".format(t.specialization_name()),
+                    func_type = PyrexTypes.CFuncType(
+                        t,
+                        [PyrexTypes.CFuncTypeArg("arg", t, None)],
+                        is_strict_signature = True, nogil=True))
+                            for t in (PyrexTypes.c_uint_type, PyrexTypes.c_ulong_type, PyrexTypes.c_ulonglong_type)
+             ) + list(
+        BuiltinFunction('abs',        None,    None,   "__Pyx_c_abs{0}".format(t.funcsuffix),
+                    func_type = PyrexTypes.CFuncType(
+                        t.real_type, [
+                            PyrexTypes.CFuncTypeArg("arg", t, None)
+                            ],
+                            is_strict_signature = True, nogil=True))
+                        for t in (PyrexTypes.c_float_complex_type,
+                                  PyrexTypes.c_double_complex_type,
+                                  PyrexTypes.c_longdouble_complex_type)
+                        ) + [
+    BuiltinFunction('abs',        "O",    "O",     "__Pyx_PyNumber_Absolute",
+                    utility_code=UtilityCode.load("py_abs", "Builtins.c")),
+    #('all',       "",     "",      ""),
+    #('any',       "",     "",      ""),
+    #('ascii',     "",     "",      ""),
+    #('bin',       "",     "",      ""),
+    BuiltinFunction('callable',   "O",    "b",     "__Pyx_PyCallable_Check",
+                    utility_code = UtilityCode.load("CallableCheck", "ObjectHandling.c")),
+    #('chr',       "",     "",      ""),
+    #('cmp', "",   "",     "",      ""), # int PyObject_Cmp(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2, int *result)
+    #('compile',   "",     "",      ""), # PyObject* Py_CompileString(    char *str, char *filename, int start)
+    BuiltinFunction('delattr',    "OO",   "r",     "PyObject_DelAttr"),
+    BuiltinFunction('dir',        "O",    "O",     "PyObject_Dir"),
+    BuiltinFunction('divmod',     "OO",   "O",     "PyNumber_Divmod"),
+    BuiltinFunction('exec',       "O",    "O",     "__Pyx_PyExecGlobals",
+                    utility_code = pyexec_globals_utility_code),
+    BuiltinFunction('exec',       "OO",   "O",     "__Pyx_PyExec2",
+                    utility_code = pyexec_utility_code),
+    BuiltinFunction('exec',       "OOO",  "O",     "__Pyx_PyExec3",
+                    utility_code = pyexec_utility_code),
+    #('eval',      "",     "",      ""),
+    #('execfile',  "",     "",      ""),
+    #('filter',    "",     "",      ""),
+    BuiltinFunction('getattr3',   "OOO",  "O",     "__Pyx_GetAttr3",     "getattr",
+                    utility_code=getattr3_utility_code),  # Pyrex legacy
+    BuiltinFunction('getattr',    "OOO",  "O",     "__Pyx_GetAttr3",
+                    utility_code=getattr3_utility_code),
+    BuiltinFunction('getattr',    "OO",   "O",     "__Pyx_GetAttr",
+                    utility_code=getattr_utility_code),
+    BuiltinFunction('hasattr',    "OO",   "b",     "__Pyx_HasAttr",
+                    utility_code = UtilityCode.load("HasAttr", "Builtins.c")),
+    BuiltinFunction('hash',       "O",    "h",     "PyObject_Hash"),
+    #('hex',       "",     "",      ""),
+    #('id',        "",     "",      ""),
+    #('input',     "",     "",      ""),
+    BuiltinFunction('intern',     "O",    "O",     "__Pyx_Intern",
+                    utility_code = UtilityCode.load("Intern", "Builtins.c")),
+    BuiltinFunction('isinstance', "OO",   "b",     "PyObject_IsInstance"),
+    BuiltinFunction('issubclass', "OO",   "b",     "PyObject_IsSubclass"),
+    BuiltinFunction('iter',       "OO",   "O",     "PyCallIter_New"),
+    BuiltinFunction('iter',       "O",    "O",     "PyObject_GetIter"),
+    BuiltinFunction('len',        "O",    "z",     "PyObject_Length"),
+    BuiltinFunction('locals',     "",     "O",     "__pyx_locals"),
+    #('map',       "",     "",      ""),
+    #('max',       "",     "",      ""),
+    #('min',       "",     "",      ""),
+    BuiltinFunction('next',       "O",    "O",     "__Pyx_PyIter_Next",
+                    utility_code = iter_next_utility_code),   # not available in Py2 => implemented here
+    BuiltinFunction('next',      "OO",    "O",     "__Pyx_PyIter_Next2",
+                    utility_code = iter_next_utility_code),  # not available in Py2 => implemented here
+    #('oct',       "",     "",      ""),
+    #('open',       "ss",   "O",     "PyFile_FromString"),   # not in Py3
+] + [
+    BuiltinFunction('ord',        None,    None,   "__Pyx_long_cast",
+                    func_type=PyrexTypes.CFuncType(
+                        PyrexTypes.c_long_type, [PyrexTypes.CFuncTypeArg("c", c_type, None)],
+                        is_strict_signature=True))
+    for c_type in [PyrexTypes.c_py_ucs4_type, PyrexTypes.c_py_unicode_type]
+] + [
+    BuiltinFunction('ord',        None,    None,   "__Pyx_uchar_cast",
+                    func_type=PyrexTypes.CFuncType(
+                        PyrexTypes.c_uchar_type, [PyrexTypes.CFuncTypeArg("c", c_type, None)],
+                        is_strict_signature=True))
+    for c_type in [PyrexTypes.c_char_type, PyrexTypes.c_schar_type, PyrexTypes.c_uchar_type]
+] + [
+    BuiltinFunction('ord',        None,    None,   "__Pyx_PyObject_Ord",
+                    utility_code=UtilityCode.load_cached("object_ord", "Builtins.c"),
+                    func_type=PyrexTypes.CFuncType(
+                        PyrexTypes.c_long_type, [
+                            PyrexTypes.CFuncTypeArg("c", PyrexTypes.py_object_type, None)
+                        ],
+                        exception_value="(long)(Py_UCS4)-1")),
+    BuiltinFunction('pow',        "OOO",  "O",     "PyNumber_Power"),
+    BuiltinFunction('pow',        "OO",   "O",     "__Pyx_PyNumber_Power2",
+                    utility_code = UtilityCode.load("pow2", "Builtins.c")),
+    #('range',     "",     "",      ""),
+    #('raw_input', "",     "",      ""),
+    #('reduce',    "",     "",      ""),
+    BuiltinFunction('reload',     "O",    "O",     "PyImport_ReloadModule"),
+    BuiltinFunction('repr',       "O",    "O",     "PyObject_Repr"),  # , builtin_return_type='str'),  # add in Cython 3.1
+    #('round',     "",     "",      ""),
+    BuiltinFunction('setattr',    "OOO",  "r",     "PyObject_SetAttr"),
+    #('sum',       "",     "",      ""),
+    #('sorted',    "",     "",      ""),
+    #('type',       "O",    "O",     "PyObject_Type"),
+    #('unichr',    "",     "",      ""),
+    #('unicode',   "",     "",      ""),
+    #('vars',      "",     "",      ""),
+    #('zip',       "",     "",      ""),
+    #  Can't do these easily until we have builtin type entries.
+    #('typecheck',  "OO",   "i",     "PyObject_TypeCheck", False),
+    #('issubtype',  "OO",   "i",     "PyType_IsSubtype",   False),
+
+    # Put in namespace append optimization.
+    BuiltinFunction('__Pyx_PyObject_Append', "OO",  "O",     "__Pyx_PyObject_Append"),
+
+    # This is conditionally looked up based on a compiler directive.
+    BuiltinFunction('__Pyx_Globals',    "",     "O",     "__Pyx_Globals",
+                    utility_code=globals_utility_code),
+]
+
+
+# Builtin types
+#  bool
+#  buffer
+#  classmethod
+#  dict
+#  enumerate
+#  file
+#  float
+#  int
+#  list
+#  long
+#  object
+#  property
+#  slice
+#  staticmethod
+#  super
+#  str
+#  tuple
+#  type
+#  xrange
+
+builtin_types_table = [
+
+    ("type",    "PyType_Type",     []),
+
+# This conflicts with the C++ bool type, and unfortunately
+# C++ is too liberal about PyObject* <-> bool conversions,
+# resulting in unintuitive runtime behavior and segfaults.
+#    ("bool",    "PyBool_Type",     []),
+
+    ("int",     "PyInt_Type",      []),
+    ("long",    "PyLong_Type",     []),
+    ("float",   "PyFloat_Type",    []),
+
+    ("complex", "PyComplex_Type",  [BuiltinAttribute('cval', field_type_name = 'Py_complex'),
+                                    BuiltinAttribute('real', 'cval.real', field_type = PyrexTypes.c_double_type),
+                                    BuiltinAttribute('imag', 'cval.imag', field_type = PyrexTypes.c_double_type),
+                                    ]),
+
+    ("basestring", "PyBaseString_Type", [
+                                    BuiltinMethod("join",  "TO",   "T", "__Pyx_PyBaseString_Join",
+                                                  utility_code=UtilityCode.load("StringJoin", "StringTools.c")),
+                                    ]),
+    ("bytearray", "PyByteArray_Type", [
+                                    ]),
+    ("bytes",   "PyBytes_Type",    [BuiltinMethod("join",  "TO",   "O", "__Pyx_PyBytes_Join",
+                                                  utility_code=UtilityCode.load("StringJoin", "StringTools.c")),
+                                    ]),
+    ("str",     "PyString_Type",   [BuiltinMethod("join",  "TO",   "O", "__Pyx_PyString_Join",
+                                                  builtin_return_type='basestring',
+                                                  utility_code=UtilityCode.load("StringJoin", "StringTools.c")),
+                                    ]),
+    ("unicode", "PyUnicode_Type",  [BuiltinMethod("__contains__",  "TO",   "b", "PyUnicode_Contains"),
+                                    BuiltinMethod("join",  "TO",   "T", "PyUnicode_Join"),
+                                    ]),
+
+    ("tuple",   "PyTuple_Type",    []),
+
+    ("list",    "PyList_Type",     [BuiltinMethod("insert",  "TzO",  "r", "PyList_Insert"),
+                                    BuiltinMethod("reverse", "T",    "r", "PyList_Reverse"),
+                                    BuiltinMethod("append",  "TO",   "r", "__Pyx_PyList_Append",
+                                                  utility_code=UtilityCode.load("ListAppend", "Optimize.c")),
+                                    BuiltinMethod("extend",  "TO",   "r", "__Pyx_PyList_Extend",
+                                                  utility_code=UtilityCode.load("ListExtend", "Optimize.c")),
+                                    ]),
+
+    ("dict",    "PyDict_Type",     [BuiltinMethod("__contains__",  "TO",   "b", "PyDict_Contains"),
+                                    BuiltinMethod("has_key",       "TO",   "b", "PyDict_Contains"),
+                                    BuiltinMethod("items",  "T",   "O", "__Pyx_PyDict_Items",
+                                                  utility_code=UtilityCode.load("py_dict_items", "Builtins.c")),
+                                    BuiltinMethod("keys",   "T",   "O", "__Pyx_PyDict_Keys",
+                                                  utility_code=UtilityCode.load("py_dict_keys", "Builtins.c")),
+                                    BuiltinMethod("values", "T",   "O", "__Pyx_PyDict_Values",
+                                                  utility_code=UtilityCode.load("py_dict_values", "Builtins.c")),
+                                    BuiltinMethod("iteritems",  "T",   "O", "__Pyx_PyDict_IterItems",
+                                                  utility_code=UtilityCode.load("py_dict_iteritems", "Builtins.c")),
+                                    BuiltinMethod("iterkeys",   "T",   "O", "__Pyx_PyDict_IterKeys",
+                                                  utility_code=UtilityCode.load("py_dict_iterkeys", "Builtins.c")),
+                                    BuiltinMethod("itervalues", "T",   "O", "__Pyx_PyDict_IterValues",
+                                                  utility_code=UtilityCode.load("py_dict_itervalues", "Builtins.c")),
+                                    BuiltinMethod("viewitems",  "T",   "O", "__Pyx_PyDict_ViewItems",
+                                                  utility_code=UtilityCode.load("py_dict_viewitems", "Builtins.c")),
+                                    BuiltinMethod("viewkeys",   "T",   "O", "__Pyx_PyDict_ViewKeys",
+                                                  utility_code=UtilityCode.load("py_dict_viewkeys", "Builtins.c")),
+                                    BuiltinMethod("viewvalues", "T",   "O", "__Pyx_PyDict_ViewValues",
+                                                  utility_code=UtilityCode.load("py_dict_viewvalues", "Builtins.c")),
+                                    BuiltinMethod("clear",  "T",   "r", "__Pyx_PyDict_Clear",
+                                                  utility_code=UtilityCode.load("py_dict_clear", "Optimize.c")),
+                                    BuiltinMethod("copy",   "T",   "T", "PyDict_Copy")]),
+
+    ("slice",   "PySlice_Type",    [BuiltinAttribute('start'),
+                                    BuiltinAttribute('stop'),
+                                    BuiltinAttribute('step'),
+                                    ]),
+#    ("file",    "PyFile_Type",     []),  # not in Py3
+
+    ("set",       "PySet_Type",    [BuiltinMethod("clear",   "T",  "r", "PySet_Clear"),
+                                    # discard() and remove() have a special treatment for unhashable values
+                                    BuiltinMethod("discard", "TO", "r", "__Pyx_PySet_Discard",
+                                                  utility_code=UtilityCode.load("py_set_discard", "Optimize.c")),
+                                    BuiltinMethod("remove",  "TO", "r", "__Pyx_PySet_Remove",
+                                                  utility_code=UtilityCode.load("py_set_remove", "Optimize.c")),
+                                    # update is actually variadic (see Github issue #1645)
+#                                    BuiltinMethod("update",     "TO", "r", "__Pyx_PySet_Update",
+#                                                  utility_code=UtilityCode.load_cached("PySet_Update", "Builtins.c")),
+                                    BuiltinMethod("add",     "TO", "r", "PySet_Add"),
+                                    BuiltinMethod("pop",     "T",  "O", "PySet_Pop")]),
+    ("frozenset", "PyFrozenSet_Type", []),
+    ("Exception", "((PyTypeObject*)PyExc_Exception)[0]", []),
+    ("StopAsyncIteration", "((PyTypeObject*)__Pyx_PyExc_StopAsyncIteration)[0]", []),
+]
+
+
+types_that_construct_their_instance = set([
+    # some builtin types do not always return an instance of
+    # themselves - these do:
+    'type', 'bool', 'long', 'float', 'complex',
+    'bytes', 'unicode', 'bytearray',
+    'tuple', 'list', 'dict', 'set', 'frozenset'
+    # 'str',             # only in Py3.x
+    # 'file',            # only in Py2.x
+])
+
+
+builtin_structs_table = [
+    ('Py_buffer', 'Py_buffer',
+     [("buf",        PyrexTypes.c_void_ptr_type),
+      ("obj",        PyrexTypes.py_object_type),
+      ("len",        PyrexTypes.c_py_ssize_t_type),
+      ("itemsize",   PyrexTypes.c_py_ssize_t_type),
+      ("readonly",   PyrexTypes.c_bint_type),
+      ("ndim",       PyrexTypes.c_int_type),
+      ("format",     PyrexTypes.c_char_ptr_type),
+      ("shape",      PyrexTypes.c_py_ssize_t_ptr_type),
+      ("strides",    PyrexTypes.c_py_ssize_t_ptr_type),
+      ("suboffsets", PyrexTypes.c_py_ssize_t_ptr_type),
+      ("smalltable", PyrexTypes.CArrayType(PyrexTypes.c_py_ssize_t_type, 2)),
+      ("internal",   PyrexTypes.c_void_ptr_type),
+      ]),
+    ('Py_complex', 'Py_complex',
+     [('real', PyrexTypes.c_double_type),
+      ('imag', PyrexTypes.c_double_type),
+      ])
+]
+
+# set up builtin scope
+
+builtin_scope = BuiltinScope()
+
+def init_builtin_funcs():
+    for bf in builtin_function_table:
+        bf.declare_in_scope(builtin_scope)
+
+builtin_types = {}
+
+def init_builtin_types():
+    global builtin_types
+    for name, cname, methods in builtin_types_table:
+        utility = builtin_utility_code.get(name)
+        if name == 'frozenset':
+            objstruct_cname = 'PySetObject'
+        elif name == 'bytearray':
+            objstruct_cname = 'PyByteArrayObject'
+        elif name == 'bool':
+            objstruct_cname = None
+        elif name == 'Exception':
+            objstruct_cname = "PyBaseExceptionObject"
+        elif name == 'StopAsyncIteration':
+            objstruct_cname = "PyBaseExceptionObject"
+        else:
+            objstruct_cname = 'Py%sObject' % name.capitalize()
+        the_type = builtin_scope.declare_builtin_type(name, cname, utility, objstruct_cname)
+        builtin_types[name] = the_type
+        for method in methods:
+            method.declare_in_type(the_type)
+
+def init_builtin_structs():
+    for name, cname, attribute_types in builtin_structs_table:
+        scope = StructOrUnionScope(name)
+        for attribute_name, attribute_type in attribute_types:
+            scope.declare_var(attribute_name, attribute_type, None,
+                              attribute_name, allow_pyobject=True)
+        builtin_scope.declare_struct_or_union(
+            name, "struct", scope, 1, None, cname = cname)
+
+
+def init_builtins():
+    init_builtin_structs()
+    init_builtin_types()
+    init_builtin_funcs()
+
+    entry = builtin_scope.declare_var(
+        '__debug__', PyrexTypes.c_const_type(PyrexTypes.c_bint_type),
+        pos=None, cname='__pyx_assertions_enabled()', is_cdef=True)
+    entry.utility_code = UtilityCode.load_cached("AssertionsEnabled", "Exceptions.c")
+
+    global list_type, tuple_type, dict_type, set_type, frozenset_type
+    global bytes_type, str_type, unicode_type, basestring_type, slice_type
+    global float_type, bool_type, type_type, complex_type, bytearray_type
+    type_type  = builtin_scope.lookup('type').type
+    list_type  = builtin_scope.lookup('list').type
+    tuple_type = builtin_scope.lookup('tuple').type
+    dict_type  = builtin_scope.lookup('dict').type
+    set_type   = builtin_scope.lookup('set').type
+    frozenset_type = builtin_scope.lookup('frozenset').type
+    slice_type   = builtin_scope.lookup('slice').type
+    bytes_type = builtin_scope.lookup('bytes').type
+    str_type   = builtin_scope.lookup('str').type
+    unicode_type = builtin_scope.lookup('unicode').type
+    basestring_type = builtin_scope.lookup('basestring').type
+    bytearray_type = builtin_scope.lookup('bytearray').type
+    float_type = builtin_scope.lookup('float').type
+    bool_type  = builtin_scope.lookup('bool').type
+    complex_type  = builtin_scope.lookup('complex').type
+
+
+init_builtins()

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/CmdLine.py

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+#
+#   Cython - Command Line Parsing
+#
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import os
+import sys
+from . import Options
+
+usage = """\
+Cython (http://cython.org) is a compiler for code written in the
+Cython language.  Cython is based on Pyrex by Greg Ewing.
+
+Usage: cython [options] sourcefile.{pyx,py} ...
+
+Options:
+  -V, --version                  Display version number of cython compiler
+  -l, --create-listing           Write error messages to a listing file
+  -I, --include-dir <directory>  Search for include files in named directory
+                                 (multiple include directories are allowed).
+  -o, --output-file <filename>   Specify name of generated C file
+  -t, --timestamps               Only compile newer source files
+  -f, --force                    Compile all source files (overrides implied -t)
+  -v, --verbose                  Be verbose, print file names on multiple compilation
+  -p, --embed-positions          If specified, the positions in Cython files of each
+                                 function definition is embedded in its docstring.
+  --cleanup <level>              Release interned objects on python exit, for memory debugging.
+                                 Level indicates aggressiveness, default 0 releases nothing.
+  -w, --working <directory>      Sets the working directory for Cython (the directory modules
+                                 are searched from)
+  --gdb                          Output debug information for cygdb
+  --gdb-outdir <directory>       Specify gdb debug information output directory. Implies --gdb.
+
+  -D, --no-docstrings            Strip docstrings from the compiled module.
+  -a, --annotate                 Produce a colorized HTML version of the source.
+  --annotate-coverage <cov.xml>  Annotate and include coverage information from cov.xml.
+  --line-directives              Produce #line directives pointing to the .pyx source
+  --cplus                        Output a C++ rather than C file.
+  --embed[=<method_name>]        Generate a main() function that embeds the Python interpreter.
+  -2                             Compile based on Python-2 syntax and code semantics.
+  -3                             Compile based on Python-3 syntax and code semantics.
+  --3str                         Compile based on Python-3 syntax and code semantics without
+                                 assuming unicode by default for string literals under Python 2.
+  --lenient                      Change some compile time errors to runtime errors to
+                                 improve Python compatibility
+  --capi-reexport-cincludes      Add cincluded headers to any auto-generated header files.
+  --fast-fail                    Abort the compilation on the first error
+  --warning-errors, -Werror      Make all warnings into errors
+  --warning-extra, -Wextra       Enable extra warnings
+  -X, --directive <name>=<value>[,<name=value,...] Overrides a compiler directive
+  -E, --compile-time-env name=value[,<name=value,...] Provides compile time env like DEF would do.
+  --module-name                  Fully qualified module name. If not given, it is deduced from the
+                                 import path if source file is in a package, or equals the
+                                 filename otherwise.
+  -M, --depfile                  Produce depfiles for the sources
+"""
+
+
+# The following experimental options are supported only on MacOSX:
+#  -C, --compile    Compile generated .c file to .o file
+#  --link           Link .o file to produce extension module (implies -C)
+#  -+, --cplus      Use C++ compiler for compiling and linking
+#  Additional .o files to link may be supplied when using -X."""
+
+def bad_usage():
+    sys.stderr.write(usage)
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+def parse_command_line(args):
+    from .Main import CompilationOptions, default_options
+
+    pending_arg = []
+
+    def pop_arg():
+        if not args or pending_arg:
+            bad_usage()
+        if '=' in args[0] and args[0].startswith('--'):  # allow "--long-option=xyz"
+            name, value = args.pop(0).split('=', 1)
+            pending_arg.append(value)
+            return name
+        return args.pop(0)
+
+    def pop_value(default=None):
+        if pending_arg:
+            return pending_arg.pop()
+        elif default is not None:
+            return default
+        elif not args:
+            bad_usage()
+        return args.pop(0)
+
+    def get_param(option):
+        tail = option[2:]
+        if tail:
+            return tail
+        else:
+            return pop_arg()
+
+    options = CompilationOptions(default_options)
+    sources = []
+    while args:
+        if args[0].startswith("-"):
+            option = pop_arg()
+            if option in ("-V", "--version"):
+                options.show_version = 1
+            elif option in ("-l", "--create-listing"):
+                options.use_listing_file = 1
+            elif option in ("-+", "--cplus"):
+                options.cplus = 1
+            elif option == "--embed":
+                Options.embed = pop_value("main")
+            elif option.startswith("-I"):
+                options.include_path.append(get_param(option))
+            elif option == "--include-dir":
+                options.include_path.append(pop_value())
+            elif option in ("-w", "--working"):
+                options.working_path = pop_value()
+            elif option in ("-o", "--output-file"):
+                options.output_file = pop_value()
+            elif option in ("-t", "--timestamps"):
+                options.timestamps = 1
+            elif option in ("-f", "--force"):
+                options.timestamps = 0
+            elif option in ("-v", "--verbose"):
+                options.verbose += 1
+            elif option in ("-p", "--embed-positions"):
+                Options.embed_pos_in_docstring = 1
+            elif option in ("-z", "--pre-import"):
+                Options.pre_import = pop_value()
+            elif option == "--cleanup":
+                Options.generate_cleanup_code = int(pop_value())
+            elif option in ("-D", "--no-docstrings"):
+                Options.docstrings = False
+            elif option in ("-a", "--annotate"):
+                Options.annotate = True
+            elif option == "--annotate-coverage":
+                Options.annotate = True
+                Options.annotate_coverage_xml = pop_value()
+            elif option == "--convert-range":
+                Options.convert_range = True
+            elif option == "--line-directives":
+                options.emit_linenums = True
+            elif option == "--no-c-in-traceback":
+                options.c_line_in_traceback = False
+            elif option == "--gdb":
+                options.gdb_debug = True
+                options.output_dir = os.curdir
+            elif option == "--gdb-outdir":
+                options.gdb_debug = True
+                options.output_dir = pop_value()
+            elif option == "--lenient":
+                Options.error_on_unknown_names = False
+                Options.error_on_uninitialized = False
+            elif option == '-2':
+                options.language_level = 2
+            elif option == '-3':
+                options.language_level = 3
+            elif option == '--3str':
+                options.language_level = '3str'
+            elif option == "--capi-reexport-cincludes":
+                options.capi_reexport_cincludes = True
+            elif option == "--fast-fail":
+                Options.fast_fail = True
+            elif option == "--cimport-from-pyx":
+                Options.cimport_from_pyx = True
+            elif option in ('-Werror', '--warning-errors'):
+                Options.warning_errors = True
+            elif option in ('-Wextra', '--warning-extra'):
+                options.compiler_directives.update(Options.extra_warnings)
+            elif option == "--old-style-globals":
+                Options.old_style_globals = True
+            elif option == "--directive" or option.startswith('-X'):
+                if option.startswith('-X') and option[2:].strip():
+                    x_args = option[2:]
+                else:
+                    x_args = pop_value()
+                try:
+                    options.compiler_directives = Options.parse_directive_list(
+                        x_args, relaxed_bool=True,
+                        current_settings=options.compiler_directives)
+                except ValueError as e:
+                    sys.stderr.write("Error in compiler directive: %s\n" % e.args[0])
+                    sys.exit(1)
+            elif option == "--compile-time-env" or option.startswith('-E'):
+                if option.startswith('-E') and option[2:].strip():
+                    x_args = option[2:]
+                else:
+                    x_args = pop_value()
+                try:
+                    options.compile_time_env = Options.parse_compile_time_env(
+                        x_args, current_settings=options.compile_time_env)
+                except ValueError as e:
+                    sys.stderr.write("Error in compile-time-env: %s\n" % e.args[0])
+                    sys.exit(1)
+            elif option == "--module-name":
+                options.module_name = pop_value()
+            elif option in ('-M', '--depfile'):
+                options.depfile = True
+            elif option.startswith('--debug'):
+                option = option[2:].replace('-', '_')
+                from . import DebugFlags
+                if option in dir(DebugFlags):
+                    setattr(DebugFlags, option, True)
+                else:
+                    sys.stderr.write("Unknown debug flag: %s\n" % option)
+                    bad_usage()
+            elif option in ('-h', '--help'):
+                sys.stdout.write(usage)
+                sys.exit(0)
+            else:
+                sys.stderr.write(usage)
+                sys.stderr.write("Unknown compiler flag: %s\n" % option)
+                sys.exit(1)
+        else:
+            sources.append(pop_arg())
+
+    if pending_arg:
+        bad_usage()
+
+    if options.use_listing_file and len(sources) > 1:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            "cython: Only one source file allowed when using -o\n")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    if len(sources) == 0 and not options.show_version:
+        bad_usage()
+    if Options.embed and len(sources) > 1:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            "cython: Only one source file allowed when using --embed\n")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    if options.module_name:
+        if options.timestamps:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                "cython: Cannot use --module-name with --timestamps\n")
+            sys.exit(1)
+        if len(sources) > 1:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                "cython: Only one source file allowed when using --module-name\n")
+            sys.exit(1)
+    return options, sources

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/Code.pxd

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+cimport cython
+from ..StringIOTree cimport StringIOTree
+
+
+cdef class UtilityCodeBase(object):
+    cpdef format_code(self, code_string, replace_empty_lines=*)
+
+
+cdef class UtilityCode(UtilityCodeBase):
+    cdef public object name
+    cdef public object proto
+    cdef public object impl
+    cdef public object init
+    cdef public object cleanup
+    cdef public object proto_block
+    cdef public object requires
+    cdef public dict _cache
+    cdef public list specialize_list
+    cdef public object file
+
+    cpdef none_or_sub(self, s, context)
+
+
+cdef class FunctionState:
+    cdef public set names_taken
+    cdef public object owner
+    cdef public object scope
+
+    cdef public object error_label
+    cdef public size_t label_counter
+    cdef public set labels_used
+    cdef public object return_label
+    cdef public object continue_label
+    cdef public object break_label
+    cdef public list yield_labels
+
+    cdef public object return_from_error_cleanup_label # not used in __init__ ?
+
+    cdef public object exc_vars
+    cdef public object current_except
+    cdef public bint in_try_finally
+    cdef public bint can_trace
+    cdef public bint gil_owned
+
+    cdef public list temps_allocated
+    cdef public dict temps_free
+    cdef public dict temps_used_type
+    cdef public set zombie_temps
+    cdef public size_t temp_counter
+    cdef public list collect_temps_stack
+
+    cdef public object closure_temps
+    cdef public bint should_declare_error_indicator
+    cdef public bint uses_error_indicator
+
+    @cython.locals(n=size_t)
+    cpdef new_label(self, name=*)
+    cpdef tuple get_loop_labels(self)
+    cpdef set_loop_labels(self, labels)
+    cpdef tuple get_all_labels(self)
+    cpdef set_all_labels(self, labels)
+    cpdef start_collecting_temps(self)
+    cpdef stop_collecting_temps(self)
+
+    cpdef list temps_in_use(self)
+
+cdef class IntConst:
+    cdef public object cname
+    cdef public object value
+    cdef public bint is_long
+
+cdef class PyObjectConst:
+    cdef public object cname
+    cdef public object type
+
+cdef class StringConst:
+    cdef public object cname
+    cdef public object text
+    cdef public object escaped_value
+    cdef public dict py_strings
+    cdef public list py_versions
+
+    @cython.locals(intern=bint, is_str=bint, is_unicode=bint)
+    cpdef get_py_string_const(self, encoding, identifier=*, is_str=*, py3str_cstring=*)
+
+## cdef class PyStringConst:
+##     cdef public object cname
+##     cdef public object encoding
+##     cdef public bint is_str
+##     cdef public bint is_unicode
+##     cdef public bint intern
+
+#class GlobalState(object):
+
+#def funccontext_property(name):
+
+cdef class CCodeWriter(object):
+    cdef readonly StringIOTree buffer
+    cdef readonly list pyclass_stack
+    cdef readonly object globalstate
+    cdef readonly object funcstate
+    cdef object code_config
+    cdef object last_pos
+    cdef object last_marked_pos
+    cdef Py_ssize_t level
+    cdef public Py_ssize_t call_level  # debug-only, see Nodes.py
+    cdef bint bol
+
+    cpdef write(self, s)
+    cpdef put(self, code)
+    cpdef put_safe(self, code)
+    cpdef putln(self, code=*, bint safe=*)
+    @cython.final
+    cdef increase_indent(self)
+    @cython.final
+    cdef decrease_indent(self)
+
+
+cdef class PyrexCodeWriter:
+    cdef public object f
+    cdef public Py_ssize_t level

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/Code.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2597 @@
+# cython: language_level = 2
+# cython: auto_pickle=False
+#
+#   Code output module
+#
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import cython
+cython.declare(os=object, re=object, operator=object, textwrap=object,
+               Template=object, Naming=object, Options=object, StringEncoding=object,
+               Utils=object, SourceDescriptor=object, StringIOTree=object,
+               DebugFlags=object, basestring=object, defaultdict=object,
+               closing=object, partial=object)
+
+import os
+import re
+import shutil
+import sys
+import operator
+import textwrap
+from string import Template
+from functools import partial
+from contextlib import closing
+from collections import defaultdict
+
+try:
+    import hashlib
+except ImportError:
+    import md5 as hashlib
+
+from . import Naming
+from . import Options
+from . import DebugFlags
+from . import StringEncoding
+from . import Version
+from .. import Utils
+from .Scanning import SourceDescriptor
+from ..StringIOTree import StringIOTree
+
+try:
+    from __builtin__ import basestring
+except ImportError:
+    from builtins import str as basestring
+
+KEYWORDS_MUST_BE_BYTES = sys.version_info < (2, 7)
+
+
+non_portable_builtins_map = {
+    # builtins that have different names in different Python versions
+    'bytes'         : ('PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3',  'str'),
+    'unicode'       : ('PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3', 'str'),
+    'basestring'    : ('PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3', 'str'),
+    'xrange'        : ('PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3', 'range'),
+    'raw_input'     : ('PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3', 'input'),
+}
+
+ctypedef_builtins_map = {
+    # types of builtins in "ctypedef class" statements which we don't
+    # import either because the names conflict with C types or because
+    # the type simply is not exposed.
+    'py_int'             : '&PyInt_Type',
+    'py_long'            : '&PyLong_Type',
+    'py_float'           : '&PyFloat_Type',
+    'wrapper_descriptor' : '&PyWrapperDescr_Type',
+}
+
+basicsize_builtins_map = {
+    # builtins whose type has a different tp_basicsize than sizeof(...)
+    'PyTypeObject': 'PyHeapTypeObject',
+}
+
+uncachable_builtins = [
+    # Global/builtin names that cannot be cached because they may or may not
+    # be available at import time, for various reasons:
+    ## - Py3.7+
+    'breakpoint',  # might deserve an implementation in Cython
+    ## - Py3.4+
+    '__loader__',
+    '__spec__',
+    ## - Py3+
+    'BlockingIOError',
+    'BrokenPipeError',
+    'ChildProcessError',
+    'ConnectionAbortedError',
+    'ConnectionError',
+    'ConnectionRefusedError',
+    'ConnectionResetError',
+    'FileExistsError',
+    'FileNotFoundError',
+    'InterruptedError',
+    'IsADirectoryError',
+    'ModuleNotFoundError',
+    'NotADirectoryError',
+    'PermissionError',
+    'ProcessLookupError',
+    'RecursionError',
+    'ResourceWarning',
+    #'StopAsyncIteration',  # backported
+    'TimeoutError',
+    '__build_class__',
+    'ascii',  # might deserve an implementation in Cython
+    #'exec',  # implemented in Cython
+    ## - Py2.7+
+    'memoryview',
+    ## - platform specific
+    'WindowsError',
+    ## - others
+    '_',  # e.g. used by gettext
+]
+
+special_py_methods = set([
+    '__cinit__', '__dealloc__', '__richcmp__', '__next__',
+    '__await__', '__aiter__', '__anext__',
+    '__getreadbuffer__', '__getwritebuffer__', '__getsegcount__',
+    '__getcharbuffer__', '__getbuffer__', '__releasebuffer__'
+])
+
+modifier_output_mapper = {
+    'inline': 'CYTHON_INLINE'
+}.get
+
+
+class IncludeCode(object):
+    """
+    An include file and/or verbatim C code to be included in the
+    generated sources.
+    """
+    # attributes:
+    #
+    #  pieces    {order: unicode}: pieces of C code to be generated.
+    #            For the included file, the key "order" is zero.
+    #            For verbatim include code, the "order" is the "order"
+    #            attribute of the original IncludeCode where this piece
+    #            of C code was first added. This is needed to prevent
+    #            duplication if the same include code is found through
+    #            multiple cimports.
+    #  location  int: where to put this include in the C sources, one
+    #            of the constants INITIAL, EARLY, LATE
+    #  order     int: sorting order (automatically set by increasing counter)
+
+    # Constants for location. If the same include occurs with different
+    # locations, the earliest one takes precedense.
+    INITIAL = 0
+    EARLY = 1
+    LATE = 2
+
+    counter = 1   # Counter for "order"
+
+    def __init__(self, include=None, verbatim=None, late=True, initial=False):
+        self.order = self.counter
+        type(self).counter += 1
+        self.pieces = {}
+
+        if include:
+            if include[0] == '<' and include[-1] == '>':
+                self.pieces[0] = u'#include {0}'.format(include)
+                late = False  # system include is never late
+            else:
+                self.pieces[0] = u'#include "{0}"'.format(include)
+
+        if verbatim:
+            self.pieces[self.order] = verbatim
+
+        if initial:
+            self.location = self.INITIAL
+        elif late:
+            self.location = self.LATE
+        else:
+            self.location = self.EARLY
+
+    def dict_update(self, d, key):
+        """
+        Insert `self` in dict `d` with key `key`. If that key already
+        exists, update the attributes of the existing value with `self`.
+        """
+        if key in d:
+            other = d[key]
+            other.location = min(self.location, other.location)
+            other.pieces.update(self.pieces)
+        else:
+            d[key] = self
+
+    def sortkey(self):
+        return self.order
+
+    def mainpiece(self):
+        """
+        Return the main piece of C code, corresponding to the include
+        file. If there was no include file, return None.
+        """
+        return self.pieces.get(0)
+
+    def write(self, code):
+        # Write values of self.pieces dict, sorted by the keys
+        for k in sorted(self.pieces):
+            code.putln(self.pieces[k])
+
+
+def get_utility_dir():
+    # make this a function and not global variables:
+    # http://trac.cython.org/cython_trac/ticket/475
+    Cython_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+    return os.path.join(Cython_dir, "Utility")
+
+
+class UtilityCodeBase(object):
+    """
+    Support for loading utility code from a file.
+
+    Code sections in the file can be specified as follows:
+
+        ##### MyUtility.proto #####
+
+        [proto declarations]
+
+        ##### MyUtility.init #####
+
+        [code run at module initialization]
+
+        ##### MyUtility #####
+        #@requires: MyOtherUtility
+        #@substitute: naming
+
+        [definitions]
+
+    for prototypes and implementation respectively.  For non-python or
+    -cython files backslashes should be used instead.  5 to 30 comment
+    characters may be used on either side.
+
+    If the @cname decorator is not used and this is a CythonUtilityCode,
+    one should pass in the 'name' keyword argument to be used for name
+    mangling of such entries.
+    """
+
+    is_cython_utility = False
+    _utility_cache = {}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _add_utility(cls, utility, type, lines, begin_lineno, tags=None):
+        if utility is None:
+            return
+
+        code = '\n'.join(lines)
+        if tags and 'substitute' in tags and tags['substitute'] == set(['naming']):
+            del tags['substitute']
+            try:
+                code = Template(code).substitute(vars(Naming))
+            except (KeyError, ValueError) as e:
+                raise RuntimeError("Error parsing templated utility code of type '%s' at line %d: %s" % (
+                    type, begin_lineno, e))
+
+        # remember correct line numbers at least until after templating
+        code = '\n' * begin_lineno + code
+
+        if type == 'proto':
+            utility[0] = code
+        elif type == 'impl':
+            utility[1] = code
+        else:
+            all_tags = utility[2]
+            if KEYWORDS_MUST_BE_BYTES:
+                type = type.encode('ASCII')
+            all_tags[type] = code
+
+        if tags:
+            all_tags = utility[2]
+            for name, values in tags.items():
+                if KEYWORDS_MUST_BE_BYTES:
+                    name = name.encode('ASCII')
+                all_tags.setdefault(name, set()).update(values)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load_utilities_from_file(cls, path):
+        utilities = cls._utility_cache.get(path)
+        if utilities:
+            return utilities
+
+        filename = os.path.join(get_utility_dir(), path)
+        _, ext = os.path.splitext(path)
+        if ext in ('.pyx', '.py', '.pxd', '.pxi'):
+            comment = '#'
+            strip_comments = partial(re.compile(r'^\s*#(?!\s*cython\s*:).*').sub, '')
+            rstrip = StringEncoding._unicode.rstrip
+        else:
+            comment = '/'
+            strip_comments = partial(re.compile(r'^\s*//.*|/\*[^*]*\*/').sub, '')
+            rstrip = partial(re.compile(r'\s+(\\?)$').sub, r'\1')
+        match_special = re.compile(
+            (r'^%(C)s{5,30}\s*(?P<name>(?:\w|\.)+)\s*%(C)s{5,30}|'
+             r'^%(C)s+@(?P<tag>\w+)\s*:\s*(?P<value>(?:\w|[.:])+)') %
+            {'C': comment}).match
+        match_type = re.compile(r'(.+)[.](proto(?:[.]\S+)?|impl|init|cleanup)$').match
+
+        with closing(Utils.open_source_file(filename, encoding='UTF-8')) as f:
+            all_lines = f.readlines()
+
+        utilities = defaultdict(lambda: [None, None, {}])
+        lines = []
+        tags = defaultdict(set)
+        utility = type = None
+        begin_lineno = 0
+
+        for lineno, line in enumerate(all_lines):
+            m = match_special(line)
+            if m:
+                if m.group('name'):
+                    cls._add_utility(utility, type, lines, begin_lineno, tags)
+
+                    begin_lineno = lineno + 1
+                    del lines[:]
+                    tags.clear()
+
+                    name = m.group('name')
+                    mtype = match_type(name)
+                    if mtype:
+                        name, type = mtype.groups()
+                    else:
+                        type = 'impl'
+                    utility = utilities[name]
+                else:
+                    tags[m.group('tag')].add(m.group('value'))
+                    lines.append('')  # keep line number correct
+            else:
+                lines.append(rstrip(strip_comments(line)))
+
+        if utility is None:
+            raise ValueError("Empty utility code file")
+
+        # Don't forget to add the last utility code
+        cls._add_utility(utility, type, lines, begin_lineno, tags)
+
+        utilities = dict(utilities)  # un-defaultdict-ify
+        cls._utility_cache[path] = utilities
+        return utilities
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load(cls, util_code_name, from_file=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Load utility code from a file specified by from_file (relative to
+        Cython/Utility) and name util_code_name.  If from_file is not given,
+        load it from the file util_code_name.*.  There should be only one
+        file matched by this pattern.
+        """
+        if '::' in util_code_name:
+            from_file, util_code_name = util_code_name.rsplit('::', 1)
+        if not from_file:
+            utility_dir = get_utility_dir()
+            prefix = util_code_name + '.'
+            try:
+                listing = os.listdir(utility_dir)
+            except OSError:
+                # XXX the code below assumes as 'zipimport.zipimporter' instance
+                # XXX should be easy to generalize, but too lazy right now to write it
+                import zipfile
+                global __loader__
+                loader = __loader__
+                archive = loader.archive
+                with closing(zipfile.ZipFile(archive)) as fileobj:
+                    listing = [os.path.basename(name)
+                               for name in fileobj.namelist()
+                               if os.path.join(archive, name).startswith(utility_dir)]
+            files = [filename for filename in listing
+                     if filename.startswith(prefix)]
+            if not files:
+                raise ValueError("No match found for utility code " + util_code_name)
+            if len(files) > 1:
+                raise ValueError("More than one filename match found for utility code " + util_code_name)
+            from_file = files[0]
+
+        utilities = cls.load_utilities_from_file(from_file)
+        proto, impl, tags = utilities[util_code_name]
+
+        if tags:
+            orig_kwargs = kwargs.copy()
+            for name, values in tags.items():
+                if name in kwargs:
+                    continue
+                # only pass lists when we have to: most argument expect one value or None
+                if name == 'requires':
+                    if orig_kwargs:
+                        values = [cls.load(dep, from_file, **orig_kwargs)
+                                  for dep in sorted(values)]
+                    else:
+                        # dependencies are rarely unique, so use load_cached() when we can
+                        values = [cls.load_cached(dep, from_file)
+                                  for dep in sorted(values)]
+                elif not values:
+                    values = None
+                elif len(values) == 1:
+                    values = list(values)[0]
+                kwargs[name] = values
+
+        if proto is not None:
+            kwargs['proto'] = proto
+        if impl is not None:
+            kwargs['impl'] = impl
+
+        if 'name' not in kwargs:
+            kwargs['name'] = util_code_name
+
+        if 'file' not in kwargs and from_file:
+            kwargs['file'] = from_file
+        return cls(**kwargs)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load_cached(cls, utility_code_name, from_file=None, __cache={}):
+        """
+        Calls .load(), but using a per-type cache based on utility name and file name.
+        """
+        key = (cls, from_file, utility_code_name)
+        try:
+            return __cache[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        code = __cache[key] = cls.load(utility_code_name, from_file)
+        return code
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load_as_string(cls, util_code_name, from_file=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Load a utility code as a string. Returns (proto, implementation)
+        """
+        util = cls.load(util_code_name, from_file, **kwargs)
+        proto, impl = util.proto, util.impl
+        return util.format_code(proto), util.format_code(impl)
+
+    def format_code(self, code_string, replace_empty_lines=re.compile(r'\n\n+').sub):
+        """
+        Format a code section for output.
+        """
+        if code_string:
+            code_string = replace_empty_lines('\n', code_string.strip()) + '\n\n'
+        return code_string
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "<%s(%s)>" % (type(self).__name__, self.name)
+
+    def get_tree(self, **kwargs):
+        pass
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memodict=None):
+        # No need to deep-copy utility code since it's essentially immutable.
+        return self
+
+
+class UtilityCode(UtilityCodeBase):
+    """
+    Stores utility code to add during code generation.
+
+    See GlobalState.put_utility_code.
+
+    hashes/equals by instance
+
+    proto           C prototypes
+    impl            implementation code
+    init            code to call on module initialization
+    requires        utility code dependencies
+    proto_block     the place in the resulting file where the prototype should
+                    end up
+    name            name of the utility code (or None)
+    file            filename of the utility code file this utility was loaded
+                    from (or None)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, proto=None, impl=None, init=None, cleanup=None, requires=None,
+                 proto_block='utility_code_proto', name=None, file=None):
+        # proto_block: Which code block to dump prototype in. See GlobalState.
+        self.proto = proto
+        self.impl = impl
+        self.init = init
+        self.cleanup = cleanup
+        self.requires = requires
+        self._cache = {}
+        self.specialize_list = []
+        self.proto_block = proto_block
+        self.name = name
+        self.file = file
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash((self.proto, self.impl))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if self is other:
+            return True
+        self_type, other_type = type(self), type(other)
+        if self_type is not other_type and not (isinstance(other, self_type) or isinstance(self, other_type)):
+            return False
+
+        self_proto = getattr(self, 'proto', None)
+        other_proto = getattr(other, 'proto', None)
+        return (self_proto, self.impl) == (other_proto, other.impl)
+
+    def none_or_sub(self, s, context):
+        """
+        Format a string in this utility code with context. If None, do nothing.
+        """
+        if s is None:
+            return None
+        return s % context
+
+    def specialize(self, pyrex_type=None, **data):
+        # Dicts aren't hashable...
+        name = self.name
+        if pyrex_type is not None:
+            data['type'] = pyrex_type.empty_declaration_code()
+            data['type_name'] = pyrex_type.specialization_name()
+            name = "%s[%s]" % (name, data['type_name'])
+        key = tuple(sorted(data.items()))
+        try:
+            return self._cache[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            if self.requires is None:
+                requires = None
+            else:
+                requires = [r.specialize(data) for r in self.requires]
+
+            s = self._cache[key] = UtilityCode(
+                self.none_or_sub(self.proto, data),
+                self.none_or_sub(self.impl, data),
+                self.none_or_sub(self.init, data),
+                self.none_or_sub(self.cleanup, data),
+                requires,
+                self.proto_block,
+                name,
+            )
+
+            self.specialize_list.append(s)
+            return s
+
+    def inject_string_constants(self, impl, output):
+        """Replace 'PYIDENT("xyz")' by a constant Python identifier cname.
+        """
+        if 'PYIDENT(' not in impl and 'PYUNICODE(' not in impl:
+            return False, impl
+
+        replacements = {}
+        def externalise(matchobj):
+            key = matchobj.groups()
+            try:
+                cname = replacements[key]
+            except KeyError:
+                str_type, name = key
+                cname = replacements[key] = output.get_py_string_const(
+                        StringEncoding.EncodedString(name), identifier=str_type == 'IDENT').cname
+            return cname
+
+        impl = re.sub(r'PY(IDENT|UNICODE)\("([^"]+)"\)', externalise, impl)
+        assert 'PYIDENT(' not in impl and 'PYUNICODE(' not in impl
+        return True, impl
+
+    def inject_unbound_methods(self, impl, output):
+        """Replace 'UNBOUND_METHOD(type, "name")' by a constant Python identifier cname.
+        """
+        if 'CALL_UNBOUND_METHOD(' not in impl:
+            return False, impl
+
+        def externalise(matchobj):
+            type_cname, method_name, obj_cname, args = matchobj.groups()
+            args = [arg.strip() for arg in args[1:].split(',')] if args else []
+            assert len(args) < 3, "CALL_UNBOUND_METHOD() does not support %d call arguments" % len(args)
+            return output.cached_unbound_method_call_code(obj_cname, type_cname, method_name, args)
+
+        impl = re.sub(
+            r'CALL_UNBOUND_METHOD\('
+            r'([a-zA-Z_]+),'      # type cname
+            r'\s*"([^"]+)",'      # method name
+            r'\s*([^),]+)'        # object cname
+            r'((?:,\s*[^),]+)*)'  # args*
+            r'\)', externalise, impl)
+        assert 'CALL_UNBOUND_METHOD(' not in impl
+
+        return True, impl
+
+    def wrap_c_strings(self, impl):
+        """Replace CSTRING('''xyz''') by a C compatible string
+        """
+        if 'CSTRING(' not in impl:
+            return impl
+
+        def split_string(matchobj):
+            content = matchobj.group(1).replace('"', '\042')
+            return ''.join(
+                '"%s\\n"\n' % line if not line.endswith('\\') or line.endswith('\\\\') else '"%s"\n' % line[:-1]
+                for line in content.splitlines())
+
+        impl = re.sub(r'CSTRING\(\s*"""([^"]*(?:"[^"]+)*)"""\s*\)', split_string, impl)
+        assert 'CSTRING(' not in impl
+        return impl
+
+    def put_code(self, output):
+        if self.requires:
+            for dependency in self.requires:
+                output.use_utility_code(dependency)
+        if self.proto:
+            writer = output[self.proto_block]
+            writer.putln("/* %s.proto */" % self.name)
+            writer.put_or_include(
+                self.format_code(self.proto), '%s_proto' % self.name)
+        if self.impl:
+            impl = self.format_code(self.wrap_c_strings(self.impl))
+            is_specialised1, impl = self.inject_string_constants(impl, output)
+            is_specialised2, impl = self.inject_unbound_methods(impl, output)
+            writer = output['utility_code_def']
+            writer.putln("/* %s */" % self.name)
+            if not (is_specialised1 or is_specialised2):
+                # no module specific adaptations => can be reused
+                writer.put_or_include(impl, '%s_impl' % self.name)
+            else:
+                writer.put(impl)
+        if self.init:
+            writer = output['init_globals']
+            writer.putln("/* %s.init */" % self.name)
+            if isinstance(self.init, basestring):
+                writer.put(self.format_code(self.init))
+            else:
+                self.init(writer, output.module_pos)
+            writer.putln(writer.error_goto_if_PyErr(output.module_pos))
+            writer.putln()
+        if self.cleanup and Options.generate_cleanup_code:
+            writer = output['cleanup_globals']
+            writer.putln("/* %s.cleanup */" % self.name)
+            if isinstance(self.cleanup, basestring):
+                writer.put_or_include(
+                    self.format_code(self.cleanup),
+                    '%s_cleanup' % self.name)
+            else:
+                self.cleanup(writer, output.module_pos)
+
+
+def sub_tempita(s, context, file=None, name=None):
+    "Run tempita on string s with given context."
+    if not s:
+        return None
+
+    if file:
+        context['__name'] = "%s:%s" % (file, name)
+    elif name:
+        context['__name'] = name
+
+    from ..Tempita import sub
+    return sub(s, **context)
+
+
+class TempitaUtilityCode(UtilityCode):
+    def __init__(self, name=None, proto=None, impl=None, init=None, file=None, context=None, **kwargs):
+        if context is None:
+            context = {}
+        proto = sub_tempita(proto, context, file, name)
+        impl = sub_tempita(impl, context, file, name)
+        init = sub_tempita(init, context, file, name)
+        super(TempitaUtilityCode, self).__init__(
+            proto, impl, init=init, name=name, file=file, **kwargs)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load_cached(cls, utility_code_name, from_file=None, context=None, __cache={}):
+        context_key = tuple(sorted(context.items())) if context else None
+        assert hash(context_key) is not None  # raise TypeError if not hashable
+        key = (cls, from_file, utility_code_name, context_key)
+        try:
+            return __cache[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        code = __cache[key] = cls.load(utility_code_name, from_file, context=context)
+        return code
+
+    def none_or_sub(self, s, context):
+        """
+        Format a string in this utility code with context. If None, do nothing.
+        """
+        if s is None:
+            return None
+        return sub_tempita(s, context, self.file, self.name)
+
+
+class LazyUtilityCode(UtilityCodeBase):
+    """
+    Utility code that calls a callback with the root code writer when
+    available. Useful when you only have 'env' but not 'code'.
+    """
+    __name__ = '<lazy>'
+    requires = None
+
+    def __init__(self, callback):
+        self.callback = callback
+
+    def put_code(self, globalstate):
+        utility = self.callback(globalstate.rootwriter)
+        globalstate.use_utility_code(utility)
+
+
+class FunctionState(object):
+    # return_label     string          function return point label
+    # error_label      string          error catch point label
+    # continue_label   string          loop continue point label
+    # break_label      string          loop break point label
+    # return_from_error_cleanup_label string
+    # label_counter    integer         counter for naming labels
+    # in_try_finally   boolean         inside try of try...finally
+    # exc_vars         (string * 3)    exception variables for reraise, or None
+    # can_trace        boolean         line tracing is supported in the current context
+    # scope            Scope           the scope object of the current function
+
+    # Not used for now, perhaps later
+    def __init__(self, owner, names_taken=set(), scope=None):
+        self.names_taken = names_taken
+        self.owner = owner
+        self.scope = scope
+
+        self.error_label = None
+        self.label_counter = 0
+        self.labels_used = set()
+        self.return_label = self.new_label()
+        self.new_error_label()
+        self.continue_label = None
+        self.break_label = None
+        self.yield_labels = []
+
+        self.in_try_finally = 0
+        self.exc_vars = None
+        self.current_except = None
+        self.can_trace = False
+        self.gil_owned = True
+
+        self.temps_allocated = []  # of (name, type, manage_ref, static)
+        self.temps_free = {}  # (type, manage_ref) -> list of free vars with same type/managed status
+        self.temps_used_type = {}  # name -> (type, manage_ref)
+        self.zombie_temps = set()  # temps that must not be reused after release
+        self.temp_counter = 0
+        self.closure_temps = None
+
+        # This is used to collect temporaries, useful to find out which temps
+        # need to be privatized in parallel sections
+        self.collect_temps_stack = []
+
+        # This is used for the error indicator, which needs to be local to the
+        # function. It used to be global, which relies on the GIL being held.
+        # However, exceptions may need to be propagated through 'nogil'
+        # sections, in which case we introduce a race condition.
+        self.should_declare_error_indicator = False
+        self.uses_error_indicator = False
+
+    # safety checks
+
+    def validate_exit(self):
+        # validate that all allocated temps have been freed
+        if self.temps_allocated:
+            leftovers = self.temps_in_use()
+            if leftovers:
+                msg = "TEMPGUARD: Temps left over at end of '%s': %s" % (self.scope.name, ', '.join([
+                    '%s [%s]' % (name, ctype)
+                    for name, ctype, is_pytemp in sorted(leftovers)]),
+                )
+                #print(msg)
+                raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+    # labels
+
+    def new_label(self, name=None):
+        n = self.label_counter
+        self.label_counter = n + 1
+        label = "%s%d" % (Naming.label_prefix, n)
+        if name is not None:
+            label += '_' + name
+        return label
+
+    def new_yield_label(self, expr_type='yield'):
+        label = self.new_label('resume_from_%s' % expr_type)
+        num_and_label = (len(self.yield_labels) + 1, label)
+        self.yield_labels.append(num_and_label)
+        return num_and_label
+
+    def new_error_label(self):
+        old_err_lbl = self.error_label
+        self.error_label = self.new_label('error')
+        return old_err_lbl
+
+    def get_loop_labels(self):
+        return (
+            self.continue_label,
+            self.break_label)
+
+    def set_loop_labels(self, labels):
+        (self.continue_label,
+         self.break_label) = labels
+
+    def new_loop_labels(self):
+        old_labels = self.get_loop_labels()
+        self.set_loop_labels(
+            (self.new_label("continue"),
+             self.new_label("break")))
+        return old_labels
+
+    def get_all_labels(self):
+        return (
+            self.continue_label,
+            self.break_label,
+            self.return_label,
+            self.error_label)
+
+    def set_all_labels(self, labels):
+        (self.continue_label,
+         self.break_label,
+         self.return_label,
+         self.error_label) = labels
+
+    def all_new_labels(self):
+        old_labels = self.get_all_labels()
+        new_labels = []
+        for old_label, name in zip(old_labels, ['continue', 'break', 'return', 'error']):
+            if old_label:
+                new_labels.append(self.new_label(name))
+            else:
+                new_labels.append(old_label)
+        self.set_all_labels(new_labels)
+        return old_labels
+
+    def use_label(self, lbl):
+        self.labels_used.add(lbl)
+
+    def label_used(self, lbl):
+        return lbl in self.labels_used
+
+    # temp handling
+
+    def allocate_temp(self, type, manage_ref, static=False, reusable=True):
+        """
+        Allocates a temporary (which may create a new one or get a previously
+        allocated and released one of the same type). Type is simply registered
+        and handed back, but will usually be a PyrexType.
+
+        If type.is_pyobject, manage_ref comes into play. If manage_ref is set to
+        True, the temp will be decref-ed on return statements and in exception
+        handling clauses. Otherwise the caller has to deal with any reference
+        counting of the variable.
+
+        If not type.is_pyobject, then manage_ref will be ignored, but it
+        still has to be passed. It is recommended to pass False by convention
+        if it is known that type will never be a Python object.
+
+        static=True marks the temporary declaration with "static".
+        This is only used when allocating backing store for a module-level
+        C array literals.
+
+        if reusable=False, the temp will not be reused after release.
+
+        A C string referring to the variable is returned.
+        """
+        if type.is_const and not type.is_reference:
+            type = type.const_base_type
+        elif type.is_reference and not type.is_fake_reference:
+            type = type.ref_base_type
+        elif type.is_cfunction:
+            from . import PyrexTypes
+            type = PyrexTypes.c_ptr_type(type)  # A function itself isn't an l-value
+        if not type.is_pyobject and not type.is_memoryviewslice:
+            # Make manage_ref canonical, so that manage_ref will always mean
+            # a decref is needed.
+            manage_ref = False
+
+        freelist = self.temps_free.get((type, manage_ref))
+        if reusable and freelist is not None and freelist[0]:
+            result = freelist[0].pop()
+            freelist[1].remove(result)
+        else:
+            while True:
+                self.temp_counter += 1
+                result = "%s%d" % (Naming.codewriter_temp_prefix, self.temp_counter)
+                if result not in self.names_taken: break
+            self.temps_allocated.append((result, type, manage_ref, static))
+            if not reusable:
+                self.zombie_temps.add(result)
+        self.temps_used_type[result] = (type, manage_ref)
+        if DebugFlags.debug_temp_code_comments:
+            self.owner.putln("/* %s allocated (%s)%s */" % (result, type, "" if reusable else " - zombie"))
+
+        if self.collect_temps_stack:
+            self.collect_temps_stack[-1].add((result, type))
+
+        return result
+
+    def release_temp(self, name):
+        """
+        Releases a temporary so that it can be reused by other code needing
+        a temp of the same type.
+        """
+        type, manage_ref = self.temps_used_type[name]
+        freelist = self.temps_free.get((type, manage_ref))
+        if freelist is None:
+            freelist = ([], set())  # keep order in list and make lookups in set fast
+            self.temps_free[(type, manage_ref)] = freelist
+        if name in freelist[1]:
+            raise RuntimeError("Temp %s freed twice!" % name)
+        if name not in self.zombie_temps:
+            freelist[0].append(name)
+        freelist[1].add(name)
+        if DebugFlags.debug_temp_code_comments:
+            self.owner.putln("/* %s released %s*/" % (
+                name, " - zombie" if name in self.zombie_temps else ""))
+
+    def temps_in_use(self):
+        """Return a list of (cname,type,manage_ref) tuples of temp names and their type
+        that are currently in use.
+        """
+        used = []
+        for name, type, manage_ref, static in self.temps_allocated:
+            freelist = self.temps_free.get((type, manage_ref))
+            if freelist is None or name not in freelist[1]:
+                used.append((name, type, manage_ref and type.is_pyobject))
+        return used
+
+    def temps_holding_reference(self):
+        """Return a list of (cname,type) tuples of temp names and their type
+        that are currently in use. This includes only temps of a
+        Python object type which owns its reference.
+        """
+        return [(name, type)
+                for name, type, manage_ref in self.temps_in_use()
+                if manage_ref  and type.is_pyobject]
+
+    def all_managed_temps(self):
+        """Return a list of (cname, type) tuples of refcount-managed Python objects.
+        """
+        return [(cname, type)
+                for cname, type, manage_ref, static in self.temps_allocated
+                if manage_ref]
+
+    def all_free_managed_temps(self):
+        """Return a list of (cname, type) tuples of refcount-managed Python
+        objects that are not currently in use.  This is used by
+        try-except and try-finally blocks to clean up temps in the
+        error case.
+        """
+        return sorted([  # Enforce deterministic order.
+            (cname, type)
+            for (type, manage_ref), freelist in self.temps_free.items() if manage_ref
+            for cname in freelist[0]
+        ])
+
+    def start_collecting_temps(self):
+        """
+        Useful to find out which temps were used in a code block
+        """
+        self.collect_temps_stack.append(set())
+
+    def stop_collecting_temps(self):
+        return self.collect_temps_stack.pop()
+
+    def init_closure_temps(self, scope):
+        self.closure_temps = ClosureTempAllocator(scope)
+
+
+class NumConst(object):
+    """Global info about a Python number constant held by GlobalState.
+
+    cname       string
+    value       string
+    py_type     string     int, long, float
+    value_code  string     evaluation code if different from value
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, cname, value, py_type, value_code=None):
+        self.cname = cname
+        self.value = value
+        self.py_type = py_type
+        self.value_code = value_code or value
+
+
+class PyObjectConst(object):
+    """Global info about a generic constant held by GlobalState.
+    """
+    # cname       string
+    # type        PyrexType
+
+    def __init__(self, cname, type):
+        self.cname = cname
+        self.type = type
+
+
+cython.declare(possible_unicode_identifier=object, possible_bytes_identifier=object,
+               replace_identifier=object, find_alphanums=object)
+possible_unicode_identifier = re.compile(br"(?![0-9])\w+$".decode('ascii'), re.U).match
+possible_bytes_identifier = re.compile(r"(?![0-9])\w+$".encode('ASCII')).match
+replace_identifier = re.compile(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9_]+').sub
+find_alphanums = re.compile('([a-zA-Z0-9]+)').findall
+
+class StringConst(object):
+    """Global info about a C string constant held by GlobalState.
+    """
+    # cname            string
+    # text             EncodedString or BytesLiteral
+    # py_strings       {(identifier, encoding) : PyStringConst}
+
+    def __init__(self, cname, text, byte_string):
+        self.cname = cname
+        self.text = text
+        self.escaped_value = StringEncoding.escape_byte_string(byte_string)
+        self.py_strings = None
+        self.py_versions = []
+
+    def add_py_version(self, version):
+        if not version:
+            self.py_versions = [2, 3]
+        elif version not in self.py_versions:
+            self.py_versions.append(version)
+
+    def get_py_string_const(self, encoding, identifier=None,
+                            is_str=False, py3str_cstring=None):
+        py_strings = self.py_strings
+        text = self.text
+
+        is_str = bool(identifier or is_str)
+        is_unicode = encoding is None and not is_str
+
+        if encoding is None:
+            # unicode string
+            encoding_key = None
+        else:
+            # bytes or str
+            encoding = encoding.lower()
+            if encoding in ('utf8', 'utf-8', 'ascii', 'usascii', 'us-ascii'):
+                encoding = None
+                encoding_key = None
+            else:
+                encoding_key = ''.join(find_alphanums(encoding))
+
+        key = (is_str, is_unicode, encoding_key, py3str_cstring)
+        if py_strings is not None:
+            try:
+                return py_strings[key]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+        else:
+            self.py_strings = {}
+
+        if identifier:
+            intern = True
+        elif identifier is None:
+            if isinstance(text, bytes):
+                intern = bool(possible_bytes_identifier(text))
+            else:
+                intern = bool(possible_unicode_identifier(text))
+        else:
+            intern = False
+        if intern:
+            prefix = Naming.interned_prefixes['str']
+        else:
+            prefix = Naming.py_const_prefix
+
+        if encoding_key:
+            encoding_prefix = '_%s' % encoding_key
+        else:
+            encoding_prefix = ''
+
+        pystring_cname = "%s%s%s_%s" % (
+            prefix,
+            (is_str and 's') or (is_unicode and 'u') or 'b',
+            encoding_prefix,
+            self.cname[len(Naming.const_prefix):])
+
+        py_string = PyStringConst(
+            pystring_cname, encoding, is_unicode, is_str, py3str_cstring, intern)
+        self.py_strings[key] = py_string
+        return py_string
+
+class PyStringConst(object):
+    """Global info about a Python string constant held by GlobalState.
+    """
+    # cname       string
+    # py3str_cstring string
+    # encoding    string
+    # intern      boolean
+    # is_unicode  boolean
+    # is_str      boolean
+
+    def __init__(self, cname, encoding, is_unicode, is_str=False,
+                 py3str_cstring=None, intern=False):
+        self.cname = cname
+        self.py3str_cstring = py3str_cstring
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.is_str = is_str
+        self.is_unicode = is_unicode
+        self.intern = intern
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        return self.cname < other.cname
+
+
+class GlobalState(object):
+    # filename_table   {string : int}  for finding filename table indexes
+    # filename_list    [string]        filenames in filename table order
+    # input_file_contents dict         contents (=list of lines) of any file that was used as input
+    #                                  to create this output C code.  This is
+    #                                  used to annotate the comments.
+    #
+    # utility_codes   set                IDs of used utility code (to avoid reinsertion)
+    #
+    # declared_cnames  {string:Entry}  used in a transition phase to merge pxd-declared
+    #                                  constants etc. into the pyx-declared ones (i.e,
+    #                                  check if constants are already added).
+    #                                  In time, hopefully the literals etc. will be
+    #                                  supplied directly instead.
+    #
+    # const_cnames_used  dict          global counter for unique constant identifiers
+    #
+
+    # parts            {string:CCodeWriter}
+
+
+    # interned_strings
+    # consts
+    # interned_nums
+
+    # directives       set             Temporary variable used to track
+    #                                  the current set of directives in the code generation
+    #                                  process.
+
+    directives = {}
+
+    code_layout = [
+        'h_code',
+        'filename_table',
+        'utility_code_proto_before_types',
+        'numeric_typedefs',          # Let these detailed individual parts stay!,
+        'complex_type_declarations', # as the proper solution is to make a full DAG...
+        'type_declarations',         # More coarse-grained blocks would simply hide
+        'utility_code_proto',        # the ugliness, not fix it
+        'module_declarations',
+        'typeinfo',
+        'before_global_var',
+        'global_var',
+        'string_decls',
+        'decls',
+        'late_includes',
+        'all_the_rest',
+        'pystring_table',
+        'cached_builtins',
+        'cached_constants',
+        'init_globals',
+        'init_module',
+        'cleanup_globals',
+        'cleanup_module',
+        'main_method',
+        'utility_code_def',
+        'end'
+    ]
+
+
+    def __init__(self, writer, module_node, code_config, common_utility_include_dir=None):
+        self.filename_table = {}
+        self.filename_list = []
+        self.input_file_contents = {}
+        self.utility_codes = set()
+        self.declared_cnames = {}
+        self.in_utility_code_generation = False
+        self.code_config = code_config
+        self.common_utility_include_dir = common_utility_include_dir
+        self.parts = {}
+        self.module_node = module_node # because some utility code generation needs it
+                                       # (generating backwards-compatible Get/ReleaseBuffer
+
+        self.const_cnames_used = {}
+        self.string_const_index = {}
+        self.dedup_const_index = {}
+        self.pyunicode_ptr_const_index = {}
+        self.num_const_index = {}
+        self.py_constants = []
+        self.cached_cmethods = {}
+        self.initialised_constants = set()
+
+        writer.set_global_state(self)
+        self.rootwriter = writer
+
+    def initialize_main_c_code(self):
+        rootwriter = self.rootwriter
+        for part in self.code_layout:
+            self.parts[part] = rootwriter.insertion_point()
+
+        if not Options.cache_builtins:
+            del self.parts['cached_builtins']
+        else:
+            w = self.parts['cached_builtins']
+            w.enter_cfunc_scope()
+            w.putln("static CYTHON_SMALL_CODE int __Pyx_InitCachedBuiltins(void) {")
+
+        w = self.parts['cached_constants']
+        w.enter_cfunc_scope()
+        w.putln("")
+        w.putln("static CYTHON_SMALL_CODE int __Pyx_InitCachedConstants(void) {")
+        w.put_declare_refcount_context()
+        w.put_setup_refcount_context("__Pyx_InitCachedConstants")
+
+        w = self.parts['init_globals']
+        w.enter_cfunc_scope()
+        w.putln("")
+        w.putln("static CYTHON_SMALL_CODE int __Pyx_InitGlobals(void) {")
+
+        if not Options.generate_cleanup_code:
+            del self.parts['cleanup_globals']
+        else:
+            w = self.parts['cleanup_globals']
+            w.enter_cfunc_scope()
+            w.putln("")
+            w.putln("static CYTHON_SMALL_CODE void __Pyx_CleanupGlobals(void) {")
+
+        code = self.parts['utility_code_proto']
+        code.putln("")
+        code.putln("/* --- Runtime support code (head) --- */")
+
+        code = self.parts['utility_code_def']
+        if self.code_config.emit_linenums:
+            code.write('\n#line 1 "cython_utility"\n')
+        code.putln("")
+        code.putln("/* --- Runtime support code --- */")
+
+    def finalize_main_c_code(self):
+        self.close_global_decls()
+
+        #
+        # utility_code_def
+        #
+        code = self.parts['utility_code_def']
+        util = TempitaUtilityCode.load_cached("TypeConversions", "TypeConversion.c")
+        code.put(util.format_code(util.impl))
+        code.putln("")
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return self.parts[key]
+
+    #
+    # Global constants, interned objects, etc.
+    #
+    def close_global_decls(self):
+        # This is called when it is known that no more global declarations will
+        # declared.
+        self.generate_const_declarations()
+        if Options.cache_builtins:
+            w = self.parts['cached_builtins']
+            w.putln("return 0;")
+            if w.label_used(w.error_label):
+                w.put_label(w.error_label)
+                w.putln("return -1;")
+            w.putln("}")
+            w.exit_cfunc_scope()
+
+        w = self.parts['cached_constants']
+        w.put_finish_refcount_context()
+        w.putln("return 0;")
+        if w.label_used(w.error_label):
+            w.put_label(w.error_label)
+            w.put_finish_refcount_context()
+            w.putln("return -1;")
+        w.putln("}")
+        w.exit_cfunc_scope()
+
+        w = self.parts['init_globals']
+        w.putln("return 0;")
+        if w.label_used(w.error_label):
+            w.put_label(w.error_label)
+            w.putln("return -1;")
+        w.putln("}")
+        w.exit_cfunc_scope()
+
+        if Options.generate_cleanup_code:
+            w = self.parts['cleanup_globals']
+            w.putln("}")
+            w.exit_cfunc_scope()
+
+        if Options.generate_cleanup_code:
+            w = self.parts['cleanup_module']
+            w.putln("}")
+            w.exit_cfunc_scope()
+
+    def put_pyobject_decl(self, entry):
+        self['global_var'].putln("static PyObject *%s;" % entry.cname)
+
+    # constant handling at code generation time
+
+    def get_cached_constants_writer(self, target=None):
+        if target is not None:
+            if target in self.initialised_constants:
+                # Return None on second/later calls to prevent duplicate creation code.
+                return None
+            self.initialised_constants.add(target)
+        return self.parts['cached_constants']
+
+    def get_int_const(self, str_value, longness=False):
+        py_type = longness and 'long' or 'int'
+        try:
+            c = self.num_const_index[(str_value, py_type)]
+        except KeyError:
+            c = self.new_num_const(str_value, py_type)
+        return c
+
+    def get_float_const(self, str_value, value_code):
+        try:
+            c = self.num_const_index[(str_value, 'float')]
+        except KeyError:
+            c = self.new_num_const(str_value, 'float', value_code)
+        return c
+
+    def get_py_const(self, type, prefix='', cleanup_level=None, dedup_key=None):
+        if dedup_key is not None:
+            const = self.dedup_const_index.get(dedup_key)
+            if const is not None:
+                return const
+        # create a new Python object constant
+        const = self.new_py_const(type, prefix)
+        if cleanup_level is not None \
+                and cleanup_level <= Options.generate_cleanup_code:
+            cleanup_writer = self.parts['cleanup_globals']
+            cleanup_writer.putln('Py_CLEAR(%s);' % const.cname)
+        if dedup_key is not None:
+            self.dedup_const_index[dedup_key] = const
+        return const
+
+    def get_string_const(self, text, py_version=None):
+        # return a C string constant, creating a new one if necessary
+        if text.is_unicode:
+            byte_string = text.utf8encode()
+        else:
+            byte_string = text.byteencode()
+        try:
+            c = self.string_const_index[byte_string]
+        except KeyError:
+            c = self.new_string_const(text, byte_string)
+        c.add_py_version(py_version)
+        return c
+
+    def get_pyunicode_ptr_const(self, text):
+        # return a Py_UNICODE[] constant, creating a new one if necessary
+        assert text.is_unicode
+        try:
+            c = self.pyunicode_ptr_const_index[text]
+        except KeyError:
+            c = self.pyunicode_ptr_const_index[text] = self.new_const_cname()
+        return c
+
+    def get_py_string_const(self, text, identifier=None,
+                            is_str=False, unicode_value=None):
+        # return a Python string constant, creating a new one if necessary
+        py3str_cstring = None
+        if is_str and unicode_value is not None \
+               and unicode_value.utf8encode() != text.byteencode():
+            py3str_cstring = self.get_string_const(unicode_value, py_version=3)
+            c_string = self.get_string_const(text, py_version=2)
+        else:
+            c_string = self.get_string_const(text)
+        py_string = c_string.get_py_string_const(
+            text.encoding, identifier, is_str, py3str_cstring)
+        return py_string
+
+    def get_interned_identifier(self, text):
+        return self.get_py_string_const(text, identifier=True)
+
+    def new_string_const(self, text, byte_string):
+        cname = self.new_string_const_cname(byte_string)
+        c = StringConst(cname, text, byte_string)
+        self.string_const_index[byte_string] = c
+        return c
+
+    def new_num_const(self, value, py_type, value_code=None):
+        cname = self.new_num_const_cname(value, py_type)
+        c = NumConst(cname, value, py_type, value_code)
+        self.num_const_index[(value, py_type)] = c
+        return c
+
+    def new_py_const(self, type, prefix=''):
+        cname = self.new_const_cname(prefix)
+        c = PyObjectConst(cname, type)
+        self.py_constants.append(c)
+        return c
+
+    def new_string_const_cname(self, bytes_value):
+        # Create a new globally-unique nice name for a C string constant.
+        value = bytes_value.decode('ASCII', 'ignore')
+        return self.new_const_cname(value=value)
+
+    def new_num_const_cname(self, value, py_type):
+        if py_type == 'long':
+            value += 'L'
+            py_type = 'int'
+        prefix = Naming.interned_prefixes[py_type]
+        cname = "%s%s" % (prefix, value)
+        cname = cname.replace('+', '_').replace('-', 'neg_').replace('.', '_')
+        return cname
+
+    def new_const_cname(self, prefix='', value=''):
+        value = replace_identifier('_', value)[:32].strip('_')
+        used = self.const_cnames_used
+        name_suffix = value
+        while name_suffix in used:
+            counter = used[value] = used[value] + 1
+            name_suffix = '%s_%d' % (value, counter)
+        used[name_suffix] = 1
+        if prefix:
+            prefix = Naming.interned_prefixes[prefix]
+        else:
+            prefix = Naming.const_prefix
+        return "%s%s" % (prefix, name_suffix)
+
+    def get_cached_unbound_method(self, type_cname, method_name):
+        key = (type_cname, method_name)
+        try:
+            cname = self.cached_cmethods[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            cname = self.cached_cmethods[key] = self.new_const_cname(
+                'umethod', '%s_%s' % (type_cname, method_name))
+        return cname
+
+    def cached_unbound_method_call_code(self, obj_cname, type_cname, method_name, arg_cnames):
+        # admittedly, not the best place to put this method, but it is reused by UtilityCode and ExprNodes ...
+        utility_code_name = "CallUnboundCMethod%d" % len(arg_cnames)
+        self.use_utility_code(UtilityCode.load_cached(utility_code_name, "ObjectHandling.c"))
+        cache_cname = self.get_cached_unbound_method(type_cname, method_name)
+        args = [obj_cname] + arg_cnames
+        return "__Pyx_%s(&%s, %s)" % (
+            utility_code_name,
+            cache_cname,
+            ', '.join(args),
+        )
+
+    def add_cached_builtin_decl(self, entry):
+        if entry.is_builtin and entry.is_const:
+            if self.should_declare(entry.cname, entry):
+                self.put_pyobject_decl(entry)
+                w = self.parts['cached_builtins']
+                condition = None
+                if entry.name in non_portable_builtins_map:
+                    condition, replacement = non_portable_builtins_map[entry.name]
+                    w.putln('#if %s' % condition)
+                    self.put_cached_builtin_init(
+                        entry.pos, StringEncoding.EncodedString(replacement),
+                        entry.cname)
+                    w.putln('#else')
+                self.put_cached_builtin_init(
+                    entry.pos, StringEncoding.EncodedString(entry.name),
+                    entry.cname)
+                if condition:
+                    w.putln('#endif')
+
+    def put_cached_builtin_init(self, pos, name, cname):
+        w = self.parts['cached_builtins']
+        interned_cname = self.get_interned_identifier(name).cname
+        self.use_utility_code(
+            UtilityCode.load_cached("GetBuiltinName", "ObjectHandling.c"))
+        w.putln('%s = __Pyx_GetBuiltinName(%s); if (!%s) %s' % (
+            cname,
+            interned_cname,
+            cname,
+            w.error_goto(pos)))
+
+    def generate_const_declarations(self):
+        self.generate_cached_methods_decls()
+        self.generate_string_constants()
+        self.generate_num_constants()
+        self.generate_object_constant_decls()
+
+    def generate_object_constant_decls(self):
+        consts = [(len(c.cname), c.cname, c)
+                  for c in self.py_constants]
+        consts.sort()
+        decls_writer = self.parts['decls']
+        for _, cname, c in consts:
+            decls_writer.putln(
+                "static %s;" % c.type.declaration_code(cname))
+
+    def generate_cached_methods_decls(self):
+        if not self.cached_cmethods:
+            return
+
+        decl = self.parts['decls']
+        init = self.parts['init_globals']
+        cnames = []
+        for (type_cname, method_name), cname in sorted(self.cached_cmethods.items()):
+            cnames.append(cname)
+            method_name_cname = self.get_interned_identifier(StringEncoding.EncodedString(method_name)).cname
+            decl.putln('static __Pyx_CachedCFunction %s = {0, &%s, 0, 0, 0};' % (
+                cname, method_name_cname))
+            # split type reference storage as it might not be static
+            init.putln('%s.type = (PyObject*)&%s;' % (
+                cname, type_cname))
+
+        if Options.generate_cleanup_code:
+            cleanup = self.parts['cleanup_globals']
+            for cname in cnames:
+                cleanup.putln("Py_CLEAR(%s.method);" % cname)
+
+    def generate_string_constants(self):
+        c_consts = [(len(c.cname), c.cname, c) for c in self.string_const_index.values()]
+        c_consts.sort()
+        py_strings = []
+
+        decls_writer = self.parts['string_decls']
+        for _, cname, c in c_consts:
+            conditional = False
+            if c.py_versions and (2 not in c.py_versions or 3 not in c.py_versions):
+                conditional = True
+                decls_writer.putln("#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION %s 3" % (
+                    (2 in c.py_versions) and '<' or '>='))
+            decls_writer.putln('static const char %s[] = "%s";' % (
+                cname, StringEncoding.split_string_literal(c.escaped_value)))
+            if conditional:
+                decls_writer.putln("#endif")
+            if c.py_strings is not None:
+                for py_string in c.py_strings.values():
+                    py_strings.append((c.cname, len(py_string.cname), py_string))
+
+        for c, cname in sorted(self.pyunicode_ptr_const_index.items()):
+            utf16_array, utf32_array = StringEncoding.encode_pyunicode_string(c)
+            if utf16_array:
+                # Narrow and wide representations differ
+                decls_writer.putln("#ifdef Py_UNICODE_WIDE")
+            decls_writer.putln("static Py_UNICODE %s[] = { %s };" % (cname, utf32_array))
+            if utf16_array:
+                decls_writer.putln("#else")
+                decls_writer.putln("static Py_UNICODE %s[] = { %s };" % (cname, utf16_array))
+                decls_writer.putln("#endif")
+
+        if py_strings:
+            self.use_utility_code(UtilityCode.load_cached("InitStrings", "StringTools.c"))
+            py_strings.sort()
+            w = self.parts['pystring_table']
+            w.putln("")
+            w.putln("static __Pyx_StringTabEntry %s[] = {" % Naming.stringtab_cname)
+            for c_cname, _, py_string in py_strings:
+                if not py_string.is_str or not py_string.encoding or \
+                        py_string.encoding in ('ASCII', 'USASCII', 'US-ASCII',
+                                               'UTF8', 'UTF-8'):
+                    encoding = '0'
+                else:
+                    encoding = '"%s"' % py_string.encoding.lower()
+
+                decls_writer.putln(
+                    "static PyObject *%s;" % py_string.cname)
+                if py_string.py3str_cstring:
+                    w.putln("#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3")
+                    w.putln("{&%s, %s, sizeof(%s), %s, %d, %d, %d}," % (
+                        py_string.cname,
+                        py_string.py3str_cstring.cname,
+                        py_string.py3str_cstring.cname,
+                        '0', 1, 0,
+                        py_string.intern
+                        ))
+                    w.putln("#else")
+                w.putln("{&%s, %s, sizeof(%s), %s, %d, %d, %d}," % (
+                    py_string.cname,
+                    c_cname,
+                    c_cname,
+                    encoding,
+                    py_string.is_unicode,
+                    py_string.is_str,
+                    py_string.intern
+                    ))
+                if py_string.py3str_cstring:
+                    w.putln("#endif")
+            w.putln("{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}")
+            w.putln("};")
+
+            init_globals = self.parts['init_globals']
+            init_globals.putln(
+                "if (__Pyx_InitStrings(%s) < 0) %s" % (
+                    Naming.stringtab_cname,
+                    init_globals.error_goto(self.module_pos)))
+
+    def generate_num_constants(self):
+        consts = [(c.py_type, c.value[0] == '-', len(c.value), c.value, c.value_code, c)
+                  for c in self.num_const_index.values()]
+        consts.sort()
+        decls_writer = self.parts['decls']
+        init_globals = self.parts['init_globals']
+        for py_type, _, _, value, value_code, c in consts:
+            cname = c.cname
+            decls_writer.putln("static PyObject *%s;" % cname)
+            if py_type == 'float':
+                function = 'PyFloat_FromDouble(%s)'
+            elif py_type == 'long':
+                function = 'PyLong_FromString((char *)"%s", 0, 0)'
+            elif Utils.long_literal(value):
+                function = 'PyInt_FromString((char *)"%s", 0, 0)'
+            elif len(value.lstrip('-')) > 4:
+                function = "PyInt_FromLong(%sL)"
+            else:
+                function = "PyInt_FromLong(%s)"
+            init_globals.putln('%s = %s; %s' % (
+                cname, function % value_code,
+                init_globals.error_goto_if_null(cname, self.module_pos)))
+
+    # The functions below are there in a transition phase only
+    # and will be deprecated. They are called from Nodes.BlockNode.
+    # The copy&paste duplication is intentional in order to be able
+    # to see quickly how BlockNode worked, until this is replaced.
+
+    def should_declare(self, cname, entry):
+        if cname in self.declared_cnames:
+            other = self.declared_cnames[cname]
+            assert str(entry.type) == str(other.type)
+            assert entry.init == other.init
+            return False
+        else:
+            self.declared_cnames[cname] = entry
+            return True
+
+    #
+    # File name state
+    #
+
+    def lookup_filename(self, source_desc):
+        entry = source_desc.get_filenametable_entry()
+        try:
+            index = self.filename_table[entry]
+        except KeyError:
+            index = len(self.filename_list)
+            self.filename_list.append(source_desc)
+            self.filename_table[entry] = index
+        return index
+
+    def commented_file_contents(self, source_desc):
+        try:
+            return self.input_file_contents[source_desc]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        source_file = source_desc.get_lines(encoding='ASCII',
+                                            error_handling='ignore')
+        try:
+            F = [u' * ' + line.rstrip().replace(
+                    u'*/', u'*[inserted by cython to avoid comment closer]/'
+                    ).replace(
+                    u'/*', u'/[inserted by cython to avoid comment start]*'
+                    )
+                 for line in source_file]
+        finally:
+            if hasattr(source_file, 'close'):
+                source_file.close()
+        if not F: F.append(u'')
+        self.input_file_contents[source_desc] = F
+        return F
+
+    #
+    # Utility code state
+    #
+
+    def use_utility_code(self, utility_code):
+        """
+        Adds code to the C file. utility_code should
+        a) implement __eq__/__hash__ for the purpose of knowing whether the same
+           code has already been included
+        b) implement put_code, which takes a globalstate instance
+
+        See UtilityCode.
+        """
+        if utility_code and utility_code not in self.utility_codes:
+            self.utility_codes.add(utility_code)
+            utility_code.put_code(self)
+
+    def use_entry_utility_code(self, entry):
+        if entry is None:
+            return
+        if entry.utility_code:
+            self.use_utility_code(entry.utility_code)
+        if entry.utility_code_definition:
+            self.use_utility_code(entry.utility_code_definition)
+
+
+def funccontext_property(func):
+    name = func.__name__
+    attribute_of = operator.attrgetter(name)
+    def get(self):
+        return attribute_of(self.funcstate)
+    def set(self, value):
+        setattr(self.funcstate, name, value)
+    return property(get, set)
+
+
+class CCodeConfig(object):
+    # emit_linenums       boolean         write #line pragmas?
+    # emit_code_comments  boolean         copy the original code into C comments?
+    # c_line_in_traceback boolean         append the c file and line number to the traceback for exceptions?
+
+    def __init__(self, emit_linenums=True, emit_code_comments=True, c_line_in_traceback=True):
+        self.emit_code_comments = emit_code_comments
+        self.emit_linenums = emit_linenums
+        self.c_line_in_traceback = c_line_in_traceback
+
+
+class CCodeWriter(object):
+    """
+    Utility class to output C code.
+
+    When creating an insertion point one must care about the state that is
+    kept:
+    - formatting state (level, bol) is cloned and used in insertion points
+      as well
+    - labels, temps, exc_vars: One must construct a scope in which these can
+      exist by calling enter_cfunc_scope/exit_cfunc_scope (these are for
+      sanity checking and forward compatibility). Created insertion points
+      looses this scope and cannot access it.
+    - marker: Not copied to insertion point
+    - filename_table, filename_list, input_file_contents: All codewriters
+      coming from the same root share the same instances simultaneously.
+    """
+
+    # f                   file            output file
+    # buffer              StringIOTree
+
+    # level               int             indentation level
+    # bol                 bool            beginning of line?
+    # marker              string          comment to emit before next line
+    # funcstate           FunctionState   contains state local to a C function used for code
+    #                                     generation (labels and temps state etc.)
+    # globalstate         GlobalState     contains state global for a C file (input file info,
+    #                                     utility code, declared constants etc.)
+    # pyclass_stack       list            used during recursive code generation to pass information
+    #                                     about the current class one is in
+    # code_config         CCodeConfig     configuration options for the C code writer
+
+    @cython.locals(create_from='CCodeWriter')
+    def __init__(self, create_from=None, buffer=None, copy_formatting=False):
+        if buffer is None: buffer = StringIOTree()
+        self.buffer = buffer
+        self.last_pos = None
+        self.last_marked_pos = None
+        self.pyclass_stack = []
+
+        self.funcstate = None
+        self.globalstate = None
+        self.code_config = None
+        self.level = 0
+        self.call_level = 0
+        self.bol = 1
+
+        if create_from is not None:
+            # Use same global state
+            self.set_global_state(create_from.globalstate)
+            self.funcstate = create_from.funcstate
+            # Clone formatting state
+            if copy_formatting:
+                self.level = create_from.level
+                self.bol = create_from.bol
+                self.call_level = create_from.call_level
+            self.last_pos = create_from.last_pos
+            self.last_marked_pos = create_from.last_marked_pos
+
+    def create_new(self, create_from, buffer, copy_formatting):
+        # polymorphic constructor -- very slightly more versatile
+        # than using __class__
+        result = CCodeWriter(create_from, buffer, copy_formatting)
+        return result
+
+    def set_global_state(self, global_state):
+        assert self.globalstate is None  # prevent overwriting once it's set
+        self.globalstate = global_state
+        self.code_config = global_state.code_config
+
+    def copyto(self, f):
+        self.buffer.copyto(f)
+
+    def getvalue(self):
+        return self.buffer.getvalue()
+
+    def write(self, s):
+        # also put invalid markers (lineno 0), to indicate that those lines
+        # have no Cython source code correspondence
+        cython_lineno = self.last_marked_pos[1] if self.last_marked_pos else 0
+        self.buffer.markers.extend([cython_lineno] * s.count('\n'))
+        self.buffer.write(s)
+
+    def insertion_point(self):
+        other = self.create_new(create_from=self, buffer=self.buffer.insertion_point(), copy_formatting=True)
+        return other
+
+    def new_writer(self):
+        """
+        Creates a new CCodeWriter connected to the same global state, which
+        can later be inserted using insert.
+        """
+        return CCodeWriter(create_from=self)
+
+    def insert(self, writer):
+        """
+        Inserts the contents of another code writer (created with
+        the same global state) in the current location.
+
+        It is ok to write to the inserted writer also after insertion.
+        """
+        assert writer.globalstate is self.globalstate
+        self.buffer.insert(writer.buffer)
+
+    # Properties delegated to function scope
+    @funccontext_property
+    def label_counter(self): pass
+    @funccontext_property
+    def return_label(self): pass
+    @funccontext_property
+    def error_label(self): pass
+    @funccontext_property
+    def labels_used(self): pass
+    @funccontext_property
+    def continue_label(self): pass
+    @funccontext_property
+    def break_label(self): pass
+    @funccontext_property
+    def return_from_error_cleanup_label(self): pass
+    @funccontext_property
+    def yield_labels(self): pass
+
+    # Functions delegated to function scope
+    def new_label(self, name=None):    return self.funcstate.new_label(name)
+    def new_error_label(self):         return self.funcstate.new_error_label()
+    def new_yield_label(self, *args):  return self.funcstate.new_yield_label(*args)
+    def get_loop_labels(self):         return self.funcstate.get_loop_labels()
+    def set_loop_labels(self, labels): return self.funcstate.set_loop_labels(labels)
+    def new_loop_labels(self):         return self.funcstate.new_loop_labels()
+    def get_all_labels(self):          return self.funcstate.get_all_labels()
+    def set_all_labels(self, labels):  return self.funcstate.set_all_labels(labels)
+    def all_new_labels(self):          return self.funcstate.all_new_labels()
+    def use_label(self, lbl):          return self.funcstate.use_label(lbl)
+    def label_used(self, lbl):         return self.funcstate.label_used(lbl)
+
+
+    def enter_cfunc_scope(self, scope=None):
+        self.funcstate = FunctionState(self, scope=scope)
+
+    def exit_cfunc_scope(self):
+        self.funcstate = None
+
+    # constant handling
+
+    def get_py_int(self, str_value, longness):
+        return self.globalstate.get_int_const(str_value, longness).cname
+
+    def get_py_float(self, str_value, value_code):
+        return self.globalstate.get_float_const(str_value, value_code).cname
+
+    def get_py_const(self, type, prefix='', cleanup_level=None, dedup_key=None):
+        return self.globalstate.get_py_const(type, prefix, cleanup_level, dedup_key).cname
+
+    def get_string_const(self, text):
+        return self.globalstate.get_string_const(text).cname
+
+    def get_pyunicode_ptr_const(self, text):
+        return self.globalstate.get_pyunicode_ptr_const(text)
+
+    def get_py_string_const(self, text, identifier=None,
+                            is_str=False, unicode_value=None):
+        return self.globalstate.get_py_string_const(
+            text, identifier, is_str, unicode_value).cname
+
+    def get_argument_default_const(self, type):
+        return self.globalstate.get_py_const(type).cname
+
+    def intern(self, text):
+        return self.get_py_string_const(text)
+
+    def intern_identifier(self, text):
+        return self.get_py_string_const(text, identifier=True)
+
+    def get_cached_constants_writer(self, target=None):
+        return self.globalstate.get_cached_constants_writer(target)
+
+    # code generation
+
+    def putln(self, code="", safe=False):
+        if self.last_pos and self.bol:
+            self.emit_marker()
+        if self.code_config.emit_linenums and self.last_marked_pos:
+            source_desc, line, _ = self.last_marked_pos
+            self.write('\n#line %s "%s"\n' % (line, source_desc.get_escaped_description()))
+        if code:
+            if safe:
+                self.put_safe(code)
+            else:
+                self.put(code)
+        self.write("\n")
+        self.bol = 1
+
+    def mark_pos(self, pos, trace=True):
+        if pos is None:
+            return
+        if self.last_marked_pos and self.last_marked_pos[:2] == pos[:2]:
+            return
+        self.last_pos = (pos, trace)
+
+    def emit_marker(self):
+        pos, trace = self.last_pos
+        self.last_marked_pos = pos
+        self.last_pos = None
+        self.write("\n")
+        if self.code_config.emit_code_comments:
+            self.indent()
+            self.write("/* %s */\n" % self._build_marker(pos))
+        if trace and self.funcstate and self.funcstate.can_trace and self.globalstate.directives['linetrace']:
+            self.indent()
+            self.write('__Pyx_TraceLine(%d,%d,%s)\n' % (
+                pos[1], not self.funcstate.gil_owned, self.error_goto(pos)))
+
+    def _build_marker(self, pos):
+        source_desc, line, col = pos
+        assert isinstance(source_desc, SourceDescriptor)
+        contents = self.globalstate.commented_file_contents(source_desc)
+        lines = contents[max(0, line-3):line]  # line numbers start at 1
+        lines[-1] += u'             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<'
+        lines += contents[line:line+2]
+        return u'"%s":%d\n%s\n' % (source_desc.get_escaped_description(), line, u'\n'.join(lines))
+
+    def put_safe(self, code):
+        # put code, but ignore {}
+        self.write(code)
+        self.bol = 0
+
+    def put_or_include(self, code, name):
+        include_dir = self.globalstate.common_utility_include_dir
+        if include_dir and len(code) > 1024:
+            include_file = "%s_%s.h" % (
+                name, hashlib.md5(code.encode('utf8')).hexdigest())
+            path = os.path.join(include_dir, include_file)
+            if not os.path.exists(path):
+                tmp_path = '%s.tmp%s' % (path, os.getpid())
+                with closing(Utils.open_new_file(tmp_path)) as f:
+                    f.write(code)
+                shutil.move(tmp_path, path)
+            code = '#include "%s"\n' % path
+        self.put(code)
+
+    def put(self, code):
+        fix_indent = False
+        if "{" in code:
+            dl = code.count("{")
+        else:
+            dl = 0
+        if "}" in code:
+            dl -= code.count("}")
+            if dl < 0:
+                self.level += dl
+            elif dl == 0 and code[0] == "}":
+                # special cases like "} else {" need a temporary dedent
+                fix_indent = True
+                self.level -= 1
+        if self.bol:
+            self.indent()
+        self.write(code)
+        self.bol = 0
+        if dl > 0:
+            self.level += dl
+        elif fix_indent:
+            self.level += 1
+
+    def putln_tempita(self, code, **context):
+        from ..Tempita import sub
+        self.putln(sub(code, **context))
+
+    def put_tempita(self, code, **context):
+        from ..Tempita import sub
+        self.put(sub(code, **context))
+
+    def increase_indent(self):
+        self.level += 1
+
+    def decrease_indent(self):
+        self.level -= 1
+
+    def begin_block(self):
+        self.putln("{")
+        self.increase_indent()
+
+    def end_block(self):
+        self.decrease_indent()
+        self.putln("}")
+
+    def indent(self):
+        self.write("  " * self.level)
+
+    def get_py_version_hex(self, pyversion):
+        return "0x%02X%02X%02X%02X" % (tuple(pyversion) + (0,0,0,0))[:4]
+
+    def put_label(self, lbl):
+        if lbl in self.funcstate.labels_used:
+            self.putln("%s:;" % lbl)
+
+    def put_goto(self, lbl):
+        self.funcstate.use_label(lbl)
+        self.putln("goto %s;" % lbl)
+
+    def put_var_declaration(self, entry, storage_class="",
+                            dll_linkage=None, definition=True):
+        #print "Code.put_var_declaration:", entry.name, "definition =", definition ###
+        if entry.visibility == 'private' and not (definition or entry.defined_in_pxd):
+            #print "...private and not definition, skipping", entry.cname ###
+            return
+        if entry.visibility == "private" and not entry.used:
+            #print "...private and not used, skipping", entry.cname ###
+            return
+        if storage_class:
+            self.put("%s " % storage_class)
+        if not entry.cf_used:
+            self.put('CYTHON_UNUSED ')
+        self.put(entry.type.declaration_code(
+            entry.cname, dll_linkage=dll_linkage))
+        if entry.init is not None:
+            self.put_safe(" = %s" % entry.type.literal_code(entry.init))
+        elif entry.type.is_pyobject:
+            self.put(" = NULL")
+        self.putln(";")
+
+    def put_temp_declarations(self, func_context):
+        for name, type, manage_ref, static in func_context.temps_allocated:
+            decl = type.declaration_code(name)
+            if type.is_pyobject:
+                self.putln("%s = NULL;" % decl)
+            elif type.is_memoryviewslice:
+                from . import MemoryView
+                self.putln("%s = %s;" % (decl, MemoryView.memslice_entry_init))
+            else:
+                self.putln("%s%s;" % (static and "static " or "", decl))
+
+        if func_context.should_declare_error_indicator:
+            if self.funcstate.uses_error_indicator:
+                unused = ''
+            else:
+                unused = 'CYTHON_UNUSED '
+            # Initialize these variables to silence compiler warnings
+            self.putln("%sint %s = 0;" % (unused, Naming.lineno_cname))
+            self.putln("%sconst char *%s = NULL;" % (unused, Naming.filename_cname))
+            self.putln("%sint %s = 0;" % (unused, Naming.clineno_cname))
+
+    def put_generated_by(self):
+        self.putln("/* Generated by Cython %s */" % Version.watermark)
+        self.putln("")
+
+    def put_h_guard(self, guard):
+        self.putln("#ifndef %s" % guard)
+        self.putln("#define %s" % guard)
+
+    def unlikely(self, cond):
+        if Options.gcc_branch_hints:
+            return 'unlikely(%s)' % cond
+        else:
+            return cond
+
+    def build_function_modifiers(self, modifiers, mapper=modifier_output_mapper):
+        if not modifiers:
+            return ''
+        return '%s ' % ' '.join([mapper(m,m) for m in modifiers])
+
+    # Python objects and reference counting
+
+    def entry_as_pyobject(self, entry):
+        type = entry.type
+        if (not entry.is_self_arg and not entry.type.is_complete()
+            or entry.type.is_extension_type):
+            return "(PyObject *)" + entry.cname
+        else:
+            return entry.cname
+
+    def as_pyobject(self, cname, type):
+        from .PyrexTypes import py_object_type, typecast
+        return typecast(py_object_type, type, cname)
+
+    def put_gotref(self, cname):
+        self.putln("__Pyx_GOTREF(%s);" % cname)
+
+    def put_giveref(self, cname):
+        self.putln("__Pyx_GIVEREF(%s);" % cname)
+
+    def put_xgiveref(self, cname):
+        self.putln("__Pyx_XGIVEREF(%s);" % cname)
+
+    def put_xgotref(self, cname):
+        self.putln("__Pyx_XGOTREF(%s);" % cname)
+
+    def put_incref(self, cname, type, nanny=True):
+        if nanny:
+            self.putln("__Pyx_INCREF(%s);" % self.as_pyobject(cname, type))
+        else:
+            self.putln("Py_INCREF(%s);" % self.as_pyobject(cname, type))
+
+    def put_decref(self, cname, type, nanny=True):
+        self._put_decref(cname, type, nanny, null_check=False, clear=False)
+
+    def put_var_gotref(self, entry):
+        if entry.type.is_pyobject:
+            self.putln("__Pyx_GOTREF(%s);" % self.entry_as_pyobject(entry))
+
+    def put_var_giveref(self, entry):
+        if entry.type.is_pyobject:
+            self.putln("__Pyx_GIVEREF(%s);" % self.entry_as_pyobject(entry))
+
+    def put_var_xgotref(self, entry):
+        if entry.type.is_pyobject:
+            self.putln("__Pyx_XGOTREF(%s);" % self.entry_as_pyobject(entry))
+
+    def put_var_xgiveref(self, entry):
+        if entry.type.is_pyobject:
+            self.putln("__Pyx_XGIVEREF(%s);" % self.entry_as_pyobject(entry))
+
+    def put_var_incref(self, entry, nanny=True):
+        if entry.type.is_pyobject:
+            if nanny:
+                self.putln("__Pyx_INCREF(%s);" % self.entry_as_pyobject(entry))
+            else:
+                self.putln("Py_INCREF(%s);" % self.entry_as_pyobject(entry))
+
+    def put_var_xincref(self, entry):
+        if entry.type.is_pyobject:
+            self.putln("__Pyx_XINCREF(%s);" % self.entry_as_pyobject(entry))
+
+    def put_decref_clear(self, cname, type, nanny=True, clear_before_decref=False):
+        self._put_decref(cname, type, nanny, null_check=False,
+                         clear=True, clear_before_decref=clear_before_decref)
+
+    def put_xdecref(self, cname, type, nanny=True, have_gil=True):
+        self._put_decref(cname, type, nanny, null_check=True,
+                         have_gil=have_gil, clear=False)
+
+    def put_xdecref_clear(self, cname, type, nanny=True, clear_before_decref=False):
+        self._put_decref(cname, type, nanny, null_check=True,
+                         clear=True, clear_before_decref=clear_before_decref)
+
+    def _put_decref(self, cname, type, nanny=True, null_check=False,
+                    have_gil=True, clear=False, clear_before_decref=False):
+        if type.is_memoryviewslice:
+            self.put_xdecref_memoryviewslice(cname, have_gil=have_gil)
+            return
+
+        prefix = '__Pyx' if nanny else 'Py'
+        X = 'X' if null_check else ''
+
+        if clear:
+            if clear_before_decref:
+                if not nanny:
+                    X = ''  # CPython doesn't have a Py_XCLEAR()
+                self.putln("%s_%sCLEAR(%s);" % (prefix, X, cname))
+            else:
+                self.putln("%s_%sDECREF(%s); %s = 0;" % (
+                    prefix, X, self.as_pyobject(cname, type), cname))
+        else:
+            self.putln("%s_%sDECREF(%s);" % (
+                prefix, X, self.as_pyobject(cname, type)))
+
+    def put_decref_set(self, cname, rhs_cname):
+        self.putln("__Pyx_DECREF_SET(%s, %s);" % (cname, rhs_cname))
+
+    def put_xdecref_set(self, cname, rhs_cname):
+        self.putln("__Pyx_XDECREF_SET(%s, %s);" % (cname, rhs_cname))
+
+    def put_var_decref(self, entry):
+        if entry.type.is_pyobject:
+            self.putln("__Pyx_XDECREF(%s);" % self.entry_as_pyobject(entry))
+
+    def put_var_xdecref(self, entry, nanny=True):
+        if entry.type.is_pyobject:
+            if nanny:
+                self.putln("__Pyx_XDECREF(%s);" % self.entry_as_pyobject(entry))
+            else:
+                self.putln("Py_XDECREF(%s);" % self.entry_as_pyobject(entry))
+
+    def put_var_decref_clear(self, entry):
+        self._put_var_decref_clear(entry, null_check=False)
+
+    def put_var_xdecref_clear(self, entry):
+        self._put_var_decref_clear(entry, null_check=True)
+
+    def _put_var_decref_clear(self, entry, null_check):
+        if entry.type.is_pyobject:
+            if entry.in_closure:
+                # reset before DECREF to make sure closure state is
+                # consistent during call to DECREF()
+                self.putln("__Pyx_%sCLEAR(%s);" % (
+                    null_check and 'X' or '',
+                    entry.cname))
+            else:
+                self.putln("__Pyx_%sDECREF(%s); %s = 0;" % (
+                    null_check and 'X' or '',
+                    self.entry_as_pyobject(entry),
+                    entry.cname))
+
+    def put_var_decrefs(self, entries, used_only = 0):
+        for entry in entries:
+            if not used_only or entry.used:
+                if entry.xdecref_cleanup:
+                    self.put_var_xdecref(entry)
+                else:
+                    self.put_var_decref(entry)
+
+    def put_var_xdecrefs(self, entries):
+        for entry in entries:
+            self.put_var_xdecref(entry)
+
+    def put_var_xdecrefs_clear(self, entries):
+        for entry in entries:
+            self.put_var_xdecref_clear(entry)
+
+    def put_incref_memoryviewslice(self, slice_cname, have_gil=False):
+        from . import MemoryView
+        self.globalstate.use_utility_code(MemoryView.memviewslice_init_code)
+        self.putln("__PYX_INC_MEMVIEW(&%s, %d);" % (slice_cname, int(have_gil)))
+
+    def put_xdecref_memoryviewslice(self, slice_cname, have_gil=False):
+        from . import MemoryView
+        self.globalstate.use_utility_code(MemoryView.memviewslice_init_code)
+        self.putln("__PYX_XDEC_MEMVIEW(&%s, %d);" % (slice_cname, int(have_gil)))
+
+    def put_xgiveref_memoryviewslice(self, slice_cname):
+        self.put_xgiveref("%s.memview" % slice_cname)
+
+    def put_init_to_py_none(self, cname, type, nanny=True):
+        from .PyrexTypes import py_object_type, typecast
+        py_none = typecast(type, py_object_type, "Py_None")
+        if nanny:
+            self.putln("%s = %s; __Pyx_INCREF(Py_None);" % (cname, py_none))
+        else:
+            self.putln("%s = %s; Py_INCREF(Py_None);" % (cname, py_none))
+
+    def put_init_var_to_py_none(self, entry, template = "%s", nanny=True):
+        code = template % entry.cname
+        #if entry.type.is_extension_type:
+        #    code = "((PyObject*)%s)" % code
+        self.put_init_to_py_none(code, entry.type, nanny)
+        if entry.in_closure:
+            self.put_giveref('Py_None')
+
+    def put_pymethoddef(self, entry, term, allow_skip=True, wrapper_code_writer=None):
+        if entry.is_special or entry.name == '__getattribute__':
+            if entry.name not in special_py_methods:
+                if entry.name == '__getattr__' and not self.globalstate.directives['fast_getattr']:
+                    pass
+                # Python's typeobject.c will automatically fill in our slot
+                # in add_operators() (called by PyType_Ready) with a value
+                # that's better than ours.
+                elif allow_skip:
+                    return
+
+        method_flags = entry.signature.method_flags()
+        if not method_flags:
+            return
+        from . import TypeSlots
+        if entry.is_special or TypeSlots.is_reverse_number_slot(entry.name):
+            method_flags += [TypeSlots.method_coexist]
+        func_ptr = wrapper_code_writer.put_pymethoddef_wrapper(entry) if wrapper_code_writer else entry.func_cname
+        # Add required casts, but try not to shadow real warnings.
+        cast = '__Pyx_PyCFunctionFast' if 'METH_FASTCALL' in method_flags else 'PyCFunction'
+        if 'METH_KEYWORDS' in method_flags:
+            cast += 'WithKeywords'
+        if cast != 'PyCFunction':
+            func_ptr = '(void*)(%s)%s' % (cast, func_ptr)
+        self.putln(
+            '{"%s", (PyCFunction)%s, %s, %s}%s' % (
+                entry.name,
+                func_ptr,
+                "|".join(method_flags),
+                entry.doc_cname if entry.doc else '0',
+                term))
+
+    def put_pymethoddef_wrapper(self, entry):
+        func_cname = entry.func_cname
+        if entry.is_special:
+            method_flags = entry.signature.method_flags()
+            if method_flags and 'METH_NOARGS' in method_flags:
+                # Special NOARGS methods really take no arguments besides 'self', but PyCFunction expects one.
+                func_cname = Naming.method_wrapper_prefix + func_cname
+                self.putln("static PyObject *%s(PyObject *self, CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *arg) {return %s(self);}" % (
+                    func_cname, entry.func_cname))
+        return func_cname
+
+    # GIL methods
+
+    def put_ensure_gil(self, declare_gilstate=True, variable=None):
+        """
+        Acquire the GIL. The generated code is safe even when no PyThreadState
+        has been allocated for this thread (for threads not initialized by
+        using the Python API). Additionally, the code generated by this method
+        may be called recursively.
+        """
+        self.globalstate.use_utility_code(
+            UtilityCode.load_cached("ForceInitThreads", "ModuleSetupCode.c"))
+        if self.globalstate.directives['fast_gil']:
+          self.globalstate.use_utility_code(UtilityCode.load_cached("FastGil", "ModuleSetupCode.c"))
+        else:
+          self.globalstate.use_utility_code(UtilityCode.load_cached("NoFastGil", "ModuleSetupCode.c"))
+        self.putln("#ifdef WITH_THREAD")
+        if not variable:
+            variable = '__pyx_gilstate_save'
+            if declare_gilstate:
+                self.put("PyGILState_STATE ")
+        self.putln("%s = __Pyx_PyGILState_Ensure();" % variable)
+        self.putln("#endif")
+
+    def put_release_ensured_gil(self, variable=None):
+        """
+        Releases the GIL, corresponds to `put_ensure_gil`.
+        """
+        if self.globalstate.directives['fast_gil']:
+          self.globalstate.use_utility_code(UtilityCode.load_cached("FastGil", "ModuleSetupCode.c"))
+        else:
+          self.globalstate.use_utility_code(UtilityCode.load_cached("NoFastGil", "ModuleSetupCode.c"))
+        if not variable:
+            variable = '__pyx_gilstate_save'
+        self.putln("#ifdef WITH_THREAD")
+        self.putln("__Pyx_PyGILState_Release(%s);" % variable)
+        self.putln("#endif")
+
+    def put_acquire_gil(self, variable=None):
+        """
+        Acquire the GIL. The thread's thread state must have been initialized
+        by a previous `put_release_gil`
+        """
+        if self.globalstate.directives['fast_gil']:
+          self.globalstate.use_utility_code(UtilityCode.load_cached("FastGil", "ModuleSetupCode.c"))
+        else:
+          self.globalstate.use_utility_code(UtilityCode.load_cached("NoFastGil", "ModuleSetupCode.c"))
+        self.putln("#ifdef WITH_THREAD")
+        self.putln("__Pyx_FastGIL_Forget();")
+        if variable:
+            self.putln('_save = %s;' % variable)
+        self.putln("Py_BLOCK_THREADS")
+        self.putln("#endif")
+
+    def put_release_gil(self, variable=None):
+        "Release the GIL, corresponds to `put_acquire_gil`."
+        if self.globalstate.directives['fast_gil']:
+          self.globalstate.use_utility_code(UtilityCode.load_cached("FastGil", "ModuleSetupCode.c"))
+        else:
+          self.globalstate.use_utility_code(UtilityCode.load_cached("NoFastGil", "ModuleSetupCode.c"))
+        self.putln("#ifdef WITH_THREAD")
+        self.putln("PyThreadState *_save;")
+        self.putln("Py_UNBLOCK_THREADS")
+        if variable:
+            self.putln('%s = _save;' % variable)
+        self.putln("__Pyx_FastGIL_Remember();")
+        self.putln("#endif")
+
+    def declare_gilstate(self):
+        self.putln("#ifdef WITH_THREAD")
+        self.putln("PyGILState_STATE __pyx_gilstate_save;")
+        self.putln("#endif")
+
+    # error handling
+
+    def put_error_if_neg(self, pos, value):
+        # TODO this path is almost _never_ taken, yet this macro makes is slower!
+        # return self.putln("if (unlikely(%s < 0)) %s" % (value, self.error_goto(pos)))
+        return self.putln("if (%s < 0) %s" % (value, self.error_goto(pos)))
+
+    def put_error_if_unbound(self, pos, entry, in_nogil_context=False):
+        from . import ExprNodes
+        if entry.from_closure:
+            func = '__Pyx_RaiseClosureNameError'
+            self.globalstate.use_utility_code(
+                ExprNodes.raise_closure_name_error_utility_code)
+        elif entry.type.is_memoryviewslice and in_nogil_context:
+            func = '__Pyx_RaiseUnboundMemoryviewSliceNogil'
+            self.globalstate.use_utility_code(
+                ExprNodes.raise_unbound_memoryview_utility_code_nogil)
+        else:
+            func = '__Pyx_RaiseUnboundLocalError'
+            self.globalstate.use_utility_code(
+                ExprNodes.raise_unbound_local_error_utility_code)
+
+        self.putln('if (unlikely(!%s)) { %s("%s"); %s }' % (
+                                entry.type.check_for_null_code(entry.cname),
+                                func,
+                                entry.name,
+                                self.error_goto(pos)))
+
+    def set_error_info(self, pos, used=False):
+        self.funcstate.should_declare_error_indicator = True
+        if used:
+            self.funcstate.uses_error_indicator = True
+        return "__PYX_MARK_ERR_POS(%s, %s)" % (
+            self.lookup_filename(pos[0]),
+            pos[1])
+
+    def error_goto(self, pos, used=True):
+        lbl = self.funcstate.error_label
+        self.funcstate.use_label(lbl)
+        if pos is None:
+            return 'goto %s;' % lbl
+        self.funcstate.should_declare_error_indicator = True
+        if used:
+            self.funcstate.uses_error_indicator = True
+        return "__PYX_ERR(%s, %s, %s)" % (
+            self.lookup_filename(pos[0]),
+            pos[1],
+            lbl)
+
+    def error_goto_if(self, cond, pos):
+        return "if (%s) %s" % (self.unlikely(cond), self.error_goto(pos))
+
+    def error_goto_if_null(self, cname, pos):
+        return self.error_goto_if("!%s" % cname, pos)
+
+    def error_goto_if_neg(self, cname, pos):
+        return self.error_goto_if("%s < 0" % cname, pos)
+
+    def error_goto_if_PyErr(self, pos):
+        return self.error_goto_if("PyErr_Occurred()", pos)
+
+    def lookup_filename(self, filename):
+        return self.globalstate.lookup_filename(filename)
+
+    def put_declare_refcount_context(self):
+        self.putln('__Pyx_RefNannyDeclarations')
+
+    def put_setup_refcount_context(self, name, acquire_gil=False):
+        if acquire_gil:
+            self.globalstate.use_utility_code(
+                UtilityCode.load_cached("ForceInitThreads", "ModuleSetupCode.c"))
+        self.putln('__Pyx_RefNannySetupContext("%s", %d);' % (name, acquire_gil and 1 or 0))
+
+    def put_finish_refcount_context(self):
+        self.putln("__Pyx_RefNannyFinishContext();")
+
+    def put_add_traceback(self, qualified_name, include_cline=True):
+        """
+        Build a Python traceback for propagating exceptions.
+
+        qualified_name should be the qualified name of the function.
+        """
+        format_tuple = (
+            qualified_name,
+            Naming.clineno_cname if include_cline else 0,
+            Naming.lineno_cname,
+            Naming.filename_cname,
+        )
+        self.funcstate.uses_error_indicator = True
+        self.putln('__Pyx_AddTraceback("%s", %s, %s, %s);' % format_tuple)
+
+    def put_unraisable(self, qualified_name, nogil=False):
+        """
+        Generate code to print a Python warning for an unraisable exception.
+
+        qualified_name should be the qualified name of the function.
+        """
+        format_tuple = (
+            qualified_name,
+            Naming.clineno_cname,
+            Naming.lineno_cname,
+            Naming.filename_cname,
+            self.globalstate.directives['unraisable_tracebacks'],
+            nogil,
+        )
+        self.funcstate.uses_error_indicator = True
+        self.putln('__Pyx_WriteUnraisable("%s", %s, %s, %s, %d, %d);' % format_tuple)
+        self.globalstate.use_utility_code(
+            UtilityCode.load_cached("WriteUnraisableException", "Exceptions.c"))
+
+    def put_trace_declarations(self):
+        self.putln('__Pyx_TraceDeclarations')
+
+    def put_trace_frame_init(self, codeobj=None):
+        if codeobj:
+            self.putln('__Pyx_TraceFrameInit(%s)' % codeobj)
+
+    def put_trace_call(self, name, pos, nogil=False):
+        self.putln('__Pyx_TraceCall("%s", %s[%s], %s, %d, %s);' % (
+            name, Naming.filetable_cname, self.lookup_filename(pos[0]), pos[1], nogil, self.error_goto(pos)))
+
+    def put_trace_exception(self):
+        self.putln("__Pyx_TraceException();")
+
+    def put_trace_return(self, retvalue_cname, nogil=False):
+        self.putln("__Pyx_TraceReturn(%s, %d);" % (retvalue_cname, nogil))
+
+    def putln_openmp(self, string):
+        self.putln("#ifdef _OPENMP")
+        self.putln(string)
+        self.putln("#endif /* _OPENMP */")
+
+    def undef_builtin_expect(self, cond):
+        """
+        Redefine the macros likely() and unlikely to no-ops, depending on
+        condition 'cond'
+        """
+        self.putln("#if %s" % cond)
+        self.putln("    #undef likely")
+        self.putln("    #undef unlikely")
+        self.putln("    #define likely(x)   (x)")
+        self.putln("    #define unlikely(x) (x)")
+        self.putln("#endif")
+
+    def redef_builtin_expect(self, cond):
+        self.putln("#if %s" % cond)
+        self.putln("    #undef likely")
+        self.putln("    #undef unlikely")
+        self.putln("    #define likely(x)   __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)")
+        self.putln("    #define unlikely(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)")
+        self.putln("#endif")
+
+
+class PyrexCodeWriter(object):
+    # f                file      output file
+    # level            int       indentation level
+
+    def __init__(self, outfile_name):
+        self.f = Utils.open_new_file(outfile_name)
+        self.level = 0
+
+    def putln(self, code):
+        self.f.write("%s%s\n" % (" " * self.level, code))
+
+    def indent(self):
+        self.level += 1
+
+    def dedent(self):
+        self.level -= 1
+
+class PyxCodeWriter(object):
+    """
+    Can be used for writing out some Cython code. To use the indenter
+    functionality, the Cython.Compiler.Importer module will have to be used
+    to load the code to support python 2.4
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, buffer=None, indent_level=0, context=None, encoding='ascii'):
+        self.buffer = buffer or StringIOTree()
+        self.level = indent_level
+        self.context = context
+        self.encoding = encoding
+
+    def indent(self, levels=1):
+        self.level += levels
+        return True
+
+    def dedent(self, levels=1):
+        self.level -= levels
+
+    def indenter(self, line):
+        """
+        Instead of
+
+            with pyx_code.indenter("for i in range(10):"):
+                pyx_code.putln("print i")
+
+        write
+
+            if pyx_code.indenter("for i in range(10);"):
+                pyx_code.putln("print i")
+                pyx_code.dedent()
+        """
+        self.putln(line)
+        self.indent()
+        return True
+
+    def getvalue(self):
+        result = self.buffer.getvalue()
+        if isinstance(result, bytes):
+            result = result.decode(self.encoding)
+        return result
+
+    def putln(self, line, context=None):
+        context = context or self.context
+        if context:
+            line = sub_tempita(line, context)
+        self._putln(line)
+
+    def _putln(self, line):
+        self.buffer.write("%s%s\n" % (self.level * "    ", line))
+
+    def put_chunk(self, chunk, context=None):
+        context = context or self.context
+        if context:
+            chunk = sub_tempita(chunk, context)
+
+        chunk = textwrap.dedent(chunk)
+        for line in chunk.splitlines():
+            self._putln(line)
+
+    def insertion_point(self):
+        return PyxCodeWriter(self.buffer.insertion_point(), self.level,
+                             self.context)
+
+    def named_insertion_point(self, name):
+        setattr(self, name, self.insertion_point())
+
+
+class ClosureTempAllocator(object):
+    def __init__(self, klass):
+        self.klass = klass
+        self.temps_allocated = {}
+        self.temps_free = {}
+        self.temps_count = 0
+
+    def reset(self):
+        for type, cnames in self.temps_allocated.items():
+            self.temps_free[type] = list(cnames)
+
+    def allocate_temp(self, type):
+        if type not in self.temps_allocated:
+            self.temps_allocated[type] = []
+            self.temps_free[type] = []
+        elif self.temps_free[type]:
+            return self.temps_free[type].pop(0)
+        cname = '%s%d' % (Naming.codewriter_temp_prefix, self.temps_count)
+        self.klass.declare_var(pos=None, name=cname, cname=cname, type=type, is_cdef=True)
+        self.temps_allocated[type].append(cname)
+        self.temps_count += 1
+        return cname

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/CodeGeneration.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from .Visitor import VisitorTransform
+from .Nodes import StatListNode
+
+
+class ExtractPxdCode(VisitorTransform):
+    """
+    Finds nodes in a pxd file that should generate code, and
+    returns them in a StatListNode.
+
+    The result is a tuple (StatListNode, ModuleScope), i.e.
+    everything that is needed from the pxd after it is processed.
+
+    A purer approach would be to separately compile the pxd code,
+    but the result would have to be slightly more sophisticated
+    than pure strings (functions + wanted interned strings +
+    wanted utility code + wanted cached objects) so for now this
+    approach is taken.
+    """
+
+    def __call__(self, root):
+        self.funcs = []
+        self.visitchildren(root)
+        return (StatListNode(root.pos, stats=self.funcs), root.scope)
+
+    def visit_FuncDefNode(self, node):
+        self.funcs.append(node)
+        # Do not visit children, nested funcdefnodes will
+        # also be moved by this action...
+        return node
+
+    def visit_Node(self, node):
+        self.visitchildren(node)
+        return node

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/CythonScope.py

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from .Symtab import ModuleScope
+from .PyrexTypes import *
+from .UtilityCode import CythonUtilityCode
+from .Errors import error
+from .Scanning import StringSourceDescriptor
+from . import MemoryView
+
+
+class CythonScope(ModuleScope):
+    is_cython_builtin = 1
+    _cythonscope_initialized = False
+
+    def __init__(self, context):
+        ModuleScope.__init__(self, u'cython', None, None)
+        self.pxd_file_loaded = True
+        self.populate_cython_scope()
+        # The Main.Context object
+        self.context = context
+
+        for fused_type in (cy_integral_type, cy_floating_type, cy_numeric_type):
+            entry = self.declare_typedef(fused_type.name,
+                                         fused_type,
+                                         None,
+                                         cname='<error>')
+            entry.in_cinclude = True
+
+    def is_cpp(self):
+        # Allow C++ utility code in C++ contexts.
+        return self.context.cpp
+
+    def lookup_type(self, name):
+        # This function should go away when types are all first-level objects.
+        type = parse_basic_type(name)
+        if type:
+            return type
+
+        return super(CythonScope, self).lookup_type(name)
+
+    def lookup(self, name):
+        entry = super(CythonScope, self).lookup(name)
+
+        if entry is None and not self._cythonscope_initialized:
+            self.load_cythonscope()
+            entry = super(CythonScope, self).lookup(name)
+
+        return entry
+
+    def find_module(self, module_name, pos):
+        error("cython.%s is not available" % module_name, pos)
+
+    def find_submodule(self, module_name):
+        entry = self.entries.get(module_name, None)
+        if not entry:
+            self.load_cythonscope()
+            entry = self.entries.get(module_name, None)
+
+        if entry and entry.as_module:
+            return entry.as_module
+        else:
+            # TODO: fix find_submodule control flow so that we're not
+            # expected to create a submodule here (to protect CythonScope's
+            # possible immutability). Hack ourselves out of the situation
+            # for now.
+            raise error((StringSourceDescriptor(u"cython", u""), 0, 0),
+                  "cython.%s is not available" % module_name)
+
+    def lookup_qualified_name(self, qname):
+        # ExprNode.as_cython_attribute generates qnames and we untangle it here...
+        name_path = qname.split(u'.')
+        scope = self
+        while len(name_path) > 1:
+            scope = scope.lookup_here(name_path[0])
+            if scope:
+                scope = scope.as_module
+            del name_path[0]
+            if scope is None:
+                return None
+        else:
+            return scope.lookup_here(name_path[0])
+
+    def populate_cython_scope(self):
+        # These are used to optimize isinstance in FinalOptimizePhase
+        type_object = self.declare_typedef(
+            'PyTypeObject',
+            base_type = c_void_type,
+            pos = None,
+            cname = 'PyTypeObject')
+        type_object.is_void = True
+        type_object_type = type_object.type
+
+        self.declare_cfunction(
+            'PyObject_TypeCheck',
+            CFuncType(c_bint_type, [CFuncTypeArg("o", py_object_type, None),
+                                    CFuncTypeArg("t", c_ptr_type(type_object_type), None)]),
+            pos = None,
+            defining = 1,
+            cname = 'PyObject_TypeCheck')
+
+    def load_cythonscope(self):
+        """
+        Creates some entries for testing purposes and entries for
+        cython.array() and for cython.view.*.
+        """
+        if self._cythonscope_initialized:
+            return
+
+        self._cythonscope_initialized = True
+        cython_testscope_utility_code.declare_in_scope(
+                                self, cython_scope=self)
+        cython_test_extclass_utility_code.declare_in_scope(
+                                    self, cython_scope=self)
+
+        #
+        # The view sub-scope
+        #
+        self.viewscope = viewscope = ModuleScope(u'view', self, None)
+        self.declare_module('view', viewscope, None).as_module = viewscope
+        viewscope.is_cython_builtin = True
+        viewscope.pxd_file_loaded = True
+
+        cythonview_testscope_utility_code.declare_in_scope(
+                                            viewscope, cython_scope=self)
+
+        view_utility_scope = MemoryView.view_utility_code.declare_in_scope(
+                                            self.viewscope, cython_scope=self,
+                                            whitelist=MemoryView.view_utility_whitelist)
+
+        # self.entries["array"] = view_utility_scope.entries.pop("array")
+
+
+def create_cython_scope(context):
+    # One could in fact probably make it a singleton,
+    # but not sure yet whether any code mutates it (which would kill reusing
+    # it across different contexts)
+    return CythonScope(context)
+
+# Load test utilities for the cython scope
+
+def load_testscope_utility(cy_util_name, **kwargs):
+    return CythonUtilityCode.load(cy_util_name, "TestCythonScope.pyx", **kwargs)
+
+
+undecorated_methods_protos = UtilityCode(proto=u"""
+    /* These methods are undecorated and have therefore no prototype */
+    static PyObject *__pyx_TestClass_cdef_method(
+            struct __pyx_TestClass_obj *self, int value);
+    static PyObject *__pyx_TestClass_cpdef_method(
+            struct __pyx_TestClass_obj *self, int value, int skip_dispatch);
+    static PyObject *__pyx_TestClass_def_method(
+            PyObject *self, PyObject *value);
+""")
+
+cython_testscope_utility_code = load_testscope_utility("TestScope")
+
+test_cython_utility_dep = load_testscope_utility("TestDep")
+
+cython_test_extclass_utility_code = \
+    load_testscope_utility("TestClass", name="TestClass",
+                           requires=[undecorated_methods_protos,
+                                     test_cython_utility_dep])
+
+cythonview_testscope_utility_code = load_testscope_utility("View.TestScope")

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/DebugFlags.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Can be enabled at the command line with --debug-xxx.
+
+debug_disposal_code = 0
+debug_temp_alloc = 0
+debug_coercion = 0
+
+# Write comments into the C code that show where temporary variables
+# are allocated and released.
+debug_temp_code_comments = 0
+
+# Write a call trace of the code generation phase into the C code.
+debug_trace_code_generation = 0
+
+# Do not replace exceptions with user-friendly error messages.
+debug_no_exception_intercept = 0
+
+# Print a message each time a new stage in the pipeline is entered.
+debug_verbose_pipeline = 0
+
+# Raise an exception when an error is encountered.
+debug_exception_on_error = 0

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/Errors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+#
+#   Errors
+#
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+try:
+    from __builtin__ import basestring as any_string_type
+except ImportError:
+    any_string_type = (bytes, str)
+
+import sys
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+from ..Utils import open_new_file
+from . import DebugFlags
+from . import Options
+
+
+class PyrexError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class PyrexWarning(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+def context(position):
+    source = position[0]
+    assert not (isinstance(source, any_string_type)), (
+        "Please replace filename strings with Scanning.FileSourceDescriptor instances %r" % source)
+    try:
+        F = source.get_lines()
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+        # file has an encoding problem
+        s = u"[unprintable code]\n"
+    else:
+        s = u''.join(F[max(0, position[1]-6):position[1]])
+        s = u'...\n%s%s^\n' % (s, u' '*(position[2]-1))
+    s = u'%s\n%s%s\n' % (u'-'*60, s, u'-'*60)
+    return s
+
+def format_position(position):
+    if position:
+        return u"%s:%d:%d: " % (position[0].get_error_description(),
+                                position[1], position[2])
+    return u''
+
+def format_error(message, position):
+    if position:
+        pos_str = format_position(position)
+        cont = context(position)
+        message = u'\nError compiling Cython file:\n%s\n%s%s' % (cont, pos_str, message or u'')
+    return message
+
+class CompileError(PyrexError):
+
+    def __init__(self, position = None, message = u""):
+        self.position = position
+        self.message_only = message
+        self.formatted_message = format_error(message, position)
+        self.reported = False
+    # Deprecated and withdrawn in 2.6:
+    #   self.message = message
+        Exception.__init__(self, self.formatted_message)
+        # Python Exception subclass pickling is broken,
+        # see http://bugs.python.org/issue1692335
+        self.args = (position, message)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.formatted_message
+
+class CompileWarning(PyrexWarning):
+
+    def __init__(self, position = None, message = ""):
+        self.position = position
+    # Deprecated and withdrawn in 2.6:
+    #   self.message = message
+        Exception.__init__(self, format_position(position) + message)
+
+class InternalError(Exception):
+    # If this is ever raised, there is a bug in the compiler.
+
+    def __init__(self, message):
+        self.message_only = message
+        Exception.__init__(self, u"Internal compiler error: %s"
+            % message)
+
+class AbortError(Exception):
+    # Throw this to stop the compilation immediately.
+
+    def __init__(self, message):
+        self.message_only = message
+        Exception.__init__(self, u"Abort error: %s" % message)
+
+class CompilerCrash(CompileError):
+    # raised when an unexpected exception occurs in a transform
+    def __init__(self, pos, context, message, cause, stacktrace=None):
+        if message:
+            message = u'\n' + message
+        else:
+            message = u'\n'
+        self.message_only = message
+        if context:
+            message = u"Compiler crash in %s%s" % (context, message)
+        if stacktrace:
+            import traceback
+            message += (
+                u'\n\nCompiler crash traceback from this point on:\n' +
+                u''.join(traceback.format_tb(stacktrace)))
+        if cause:
+            if not stacktrace:
+                message += u'\n'
+            message += u'%s: %s' % (cause.__class__.__name__, cause)
+        CompileError.__init__(self, pos, message)
+        # Python Exception subclass pickling is broken,
+        # see http://bugs.python.org/issue1692335
+        self.args = (pos, context, message, cause, stacktrace)
+
+class NoElementTreeInstalledException(PyrexError):
+    """raised when the user enabled options.gdb_debug but no ElementTree
+    implementation was found
+    """
+
+listing_file = None
+num_errors = 0
+echo_file = None
+
+def open_listing_file(path, echo_to_stderr = 1):
+    # Begin a new error listing. If path is None, no file
+    # is opened, the error counter is just reset.
+    global listing_file, num_errors, echo_file
+    if path is not None:
+        listing_file = open_new_file(path)
+    else:
+        listing_file = None
+    if echo_to_stderr:
+        echo_file = sys.stderr
+    else:
+        echo_file = None
+    num_errors = 0
+
+def close_listing_file():
+    global listing_file
+    if listing_file:
+        listing_file.close()
+        listing_file = None
+
+def report_error(err, use_stack=True):
+    if error_stack and use_stack:
+        error_stack[-1].append(err)
+    else:
+        global num_errors
+        # See Main.py for why dual reporting occurs. Quick fix for now.
+        if err.reported: return
+        err.reported = True
+        try: line = u"%s\n" % err
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            # Python <= 2.5 does this for non-ASCII Unicode exceptions
+            line = format_error(getattr(err, 'message_only', "[unprintable exception message]"),
+                                getattr(err, 'position', None)) + u'\n'
+        if listing_file:
+            try: listing_file.write(line)
+            except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                listing_file.write(line.encode('ASCII', 'replace'))
+        if echo_file:
+            try: echo_file.write(line)
+            except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                echo_file.write(line.encode('ASCII', 'replace'))
+        num_errors += 1
+        if Options.fast_fail:
+            raise AbortError("fatal errors")
+
+
+def error(position, message):
+    #print("Errors.error:", repr(position), repr(message)) ###
+    if position is None:
+        raise InternalError(message)
+    err = CompileError(position, message)
+    if DebugFlags.debug_exception_on_error: raise Exception(err) # debug
+    report_error(err)
+    return err
+
+
+LEVEL = 1 # warn about all errors level 1 or higher
+
+
+def message(position, message, level=1):
+    if level < LEVEL:
+        return
+    warn = CompileWarning(position, message)
+    line = "note: %s\n" % warn
+    if listing_file:
+        listing_file.write(line)
+    if echo_file:
+        echo_file.write(line)
+    return warn
+
+
+def warning(position, message, level=0):
+    if level < LEVEL:
+        return
+    if Options.warning_errors and position:
+        return error(position, message)
+    warn = CompileWarning(position, message)
+    line = "warning: %s\n" % warn
+    if listing_file:
+        listing_file.write(line)
+    if echo_file:
+        echo_file.write(line)
+    return warn
+
+
+_warn_once_seen = {}
+def warn_once(position, message, level=0):
+    if level < LEVEL or message in _warn_once_seen:
+        return
+    warn = CompileWarning(position, message)
+    line = "warning: %s\n" % warn
+    if listing_file:
+        listing_file.write(line)
+    if echo_file:
+        echo_file.write(line)
+    _warn_once_seen[message] = True
+    return warn
+
+
+# These functions can be used to momentarily suppress errors.
+
+error_stack = []
+
+
+def hold_errors():
+    error_stack.append([])
+
+
+def release_errors(ignore=False):
+    held_errors = error_stack.pop()
+    if not ignore:
+        for err in held_errors:
+            report_error(err)
+
+
+def held_errors():
+    return error_stack[-1]
+
+
+# same as context manager:
+
+@contextmanager
+def local_errors(ignore=False):
+    errors = []
+    error_stack.append(errors)
+    try:
+        yield errors
+    finally:
+        release_errors(ignore=ignore)
+
+
+# this module needs a redesign to support parallel cythonisation, but
+# for now, the following works at least in sequential compiler runs
+
+def reset():
+    _warn_once_seen.clear()
+    del error_stack[:]

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/FlowControl.pxd

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+cimport cython
+
+from .Visitor cimport CythonTransform, TreeVisitor
+
+cdef class ControlBlock:
+     cdef public set children
+     cdef public set parents
+     cdef public set positions
+     cdef public list stats
+     cdef public dict gen
+     cdef public set bounded
+
+     # Big integer bitsets
+     cdef public object i_input
+     cdef public object i_output
+     cdef public object i_gen
+     cdef public object i_kill
+     cdef public object i_state
+
+     cpdef bint empty(self)
+     cpdef detach(self)
+     cpdef add_child(self, block)
+
+cdef class ExitBlock(ControlBlock):
+     cpdef bint empty(self)
+
+cdef class NameAssignment:
+    cdef public bint is_arg
+    cdef public bint is_deletion
+    cdef public object lhs
+    cdef public object rhs
+    cdef public object entry
+    cdef public object pos
+    cdef public set refs
+    cdef public object bit
+    cdef public object inferred_type
+
+cdef class AssignmentList:
+    cdef public object bit
+    cdef public object mask
+    cdef public list stats
+
+cdef class AssignmentCollector(TreeVisitor):
+    cdef list assignments
+
+@cython.final
+cdef class ControlFlow:
+     cdef public set blocks
+     cdef public set entries
+     cdef public list loops
+     cdef public list exceptions
+
+     cdef public ControlBlock entry_point
+     cdef public ExitBlock exit_point
+     cdef public ControlBlock block
+
+     cdef public dict assmts
+
+     cpdef newblock(self, ControlBlock parent=*)
+     cpdef nextblock(self, ControlBlock parent=*)
+     cpdef bint is_tracked(self, entry)
+     cpdef bint is_statically_assigned(self, entry)
+     cpdef mark_position(self, node)
+     cpdef mark_assignment(self, lhs, rhs, entry)
+     cpdef mark_argument(self, lhs, rhs, entry)
+     cpdef mark_deletion(self, node, entry)
+     cpdef mark_reference(self, node, entry)
+
+     @cython.locals(block=ControlBlock, parent=ControlBlock, unreachable=set)
+     cpdef normalize(self)
+
+     @cython.locals(bit=object, assmts=AssignmentList,
+                    block=ControlBlock)
+     cpdef initialize(self)
+
+     @cython.locals(assmts=AssignmentList, assmt=NameAssignment)
+     cpdef set map_one(self, istate, entry)
+
+     @cython.locals(block=ControlBlock, parent=ControlBlock)
+     cdef reaching_definitions(self)
+
+cdef class Uninitialized:
+     pass
+
+cdef class Unknown:
+    pass
+
+
+cdef class MessageCollection:
+    cdef set messages
+
+
+@cython.locals(dirty=bint, block=ControlBlock, parent=ControlBlock,
+               assmt=NameAssignment)
+cdef check_definitions(ControlFlow flow, dict compiler_directives)
+
+@cython.final
+cdef class ControlFlowAnalysis(CythonTransform):
+    cdef object gv_ctx
+    cdef object constant_folder
+    cdef set reductions
+    cdef list env_stack
+    cdef list stack
+    cdef object env
+    cdef ControlFlow flow
+    cdef bint in_inplace_assignment
+
+    cpdef mark_assignment(self, lhs, rhs=*)
+    cpdef mark_position(self, node)

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/FlowControl.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1325 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import cython
+cython.declare(PyrexTypes=object, ExprNodes=object, Nodes=object,
+               Builtin=object, InternalError=object, error=object, warning=object,
+               py_object_type=object, unspecified_type=object,
+               object_expr=object, fake_rhs_expr=object, TypedExprNode=object)
+
+from . import Builtin
+from . import ExprNodes
+from . import Nodes
+from . import Options
+from .PyrexTypes import py_object_type, unspecified_type
+from . import PyrexTypes
+
+from .Visitor import TreeVisitor, CythonTransform
+from .Errors import error, warning, InternalError
+from .Optimize import ConstantFolding
+
+
+class TypedExprNode(ExprNodes.ExprNode):
+    # Used for declaring assignments of a specified type without a known entry.
+    def __init__(self, type, may_be_none=None, pos=None):
+        super(TypedExprNode, self).__init__(pos)
+        self.type = type
+        self._may_be_none = may_be_none
+
+    def may_be_none(self):
+        return self._may_be_none != False
+
+object_expr = TypedExprNode(py_object_type, may_be_none=True)
+# Fake rhs to silence "unused variable" warning
+fake_rhs_expr = TypedExprNode(unspecified_type)
+
+
+class ControlBlock(object):
+    """Control flow graph node. Sequence of assignments and name references.
+
+       children  set of children nodes
+       parents   set of parent nodes
+       positions set of position markers
+
+       stats     list of block statements
+       gen       dict of assignments generated by this block
+       bounded   set  of entries that are definitely bounded in this block
+
+       Example:
+
+        a = 1
+        b = a + c # 'c' is already bounded or exception here
+
+        stats = [Assignment(a), NameReference(a), NameReference(c),
+                     Assignment(b)]
+        gen = {Entry(a): Assignment(a), Entry(b): Assignment(b)}
+        bounded = set([Entry(a), Entry(c)])
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.children = set()
+        self.parents = set()
+        self.positions = set()
+
+        self.stats = []
+        self.gen = {}
+        self.bounded = set()
+
+        self.i_input = 0
+        self.i_output = 0
+        self.i_gen = 0
+        self.i_kill = 0
+        self.i_state = 0
+
+    def empty(self):
+        return (not self.stats and not self.positions)
+
+    def detach(self):
+        """Detach block from parents and children."""
+        for child in self.children:
+            child.parents.remove(self)
+        for parent in self.parents:
+            parent.children.remove(self)
+        self.parents.clear()
+        self.children.clear()
+
+    def add_child(self, block):
+        self.children.add(block)
+        block.parents.add(self)
+
+
+class ExitBlock(ControlBlock):
+    """Non-empty exit point block."""
+
+    def empty(self):
+        return False
+
+
+class AssignmentList(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.stats = []
+
+
+class ControlFlow(object):
+    """Control-flow graph.
+
+       entry_point ControlBlock entry point for this graph
+       exit_point  ControlBlock normal exit point
+       block       ControlBlock current block
+       blocks      set    children nodes
+       entries     set    tracked entries
+       loops       list   stack for loop descriptors
+       exceptions  list   stack for exception descriptors
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.blocks = set()
+        self.entries = set()
+        self.loops = []
+        self.exceptions = []
+
+        self.entry_point = ControlBlock()
+        self.exit_point = ExitBlock()
+        self.blocks.add(self.exit_point)
+        self.block = self.entry_point
+
+    def newblock(self, parent=None):
+        """Create floating block linked to `parent` if given.
+
+           NOTE: Block is NOT added to self.blocks
+        """
+        block = ControlBlock()
+        self.blocks.add(block)
+        if parent:
+            parent.add_child(block)
+        return block
+
+    def nextblock(self, parent=None):
+        """Create block children block linked to current or `parent` if given.
+
+           NOTE: Block is added to self.blocks
+        """
+        block = ControlBlock()
+        self.blocks.add(block)
+        if parent:
+            parent.add_child(block)
+        elif self.block:
+            self.block.add_child(block)
+        self.block = block
+        return self.block
+
+    def is_tracked(self, entry):
+        if entry.is_anonymous:
+            return False
+        return (entry.is_local or entry.is_pyclass_attr or entry.is_arg or
+                entry.from_closure or entry.in_closure or
+                entry.error_on_uninitialized)
+
+    def is_statically_assigned(self, entry):
+        if (entry.is_local and entry.is_variable and
+                (entry.type.is_struct_or_union or
+                 entry.type.is_complex or
+                 entry.type.is_array or
+                 entry.type.is_cpp_class)):
+            # stack allocated structured variable => never uninitialised
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def mark_position(self, node):
+        """Mark position, will be used to draw graph nodes."""
+        if self.block:
+            self.block.positions.add(node.pos[:2])
+
+    def mark_assignment(self, lhs, rhs, entry):
+        if self.block and self.is_tracked(entry):
+            assignment = NameAssignment(lhs, rhs, entry)
+            self.block.stats.append(assignment)
+            self.block.gen[entry] = assignment
+            self.entries.add(entry)
+
+    def mark_argument(self, lhs, rhs, entry):
+        if self.block and self.is_tracked(entry):
+            assignment = Argument(lhs, rhs, entry)
+            self.block.stats.append(assignment)
+            self.block.gen[entry] = assignment
+            self.entries.add(entry)
+
+    def mark_deletion(self, node, entry):
+        if self.block and self.is_tracked(entry):
+            assignment = NameDeletion(node, entry)
+            self.block.stats.append(assignment)
+            self.block.gen[entry] = Uninitialized
+            self.entries.add(entry)
+
+    def mark_reference(self, node, entry):
+        if self.block and self.is_tracked(entry):
+            self.block.stats.append(NameReference(node, entry))
+            ## XXX: We don't track expression evaluation order so we can't use
+            ## XXX: successful reference as initialization sign.
+            ## # Local variable is definitely bound after this reference
+            ## if not node.allow_null:
+            ##     self.block.bounded.add(entry)
+            self.entries.add(entry)
+
+    def normalize(self):
+        """Delete unreachable and orphan blocks."""
+        queue = set([self.entry_point])
+        visited = set()
+        while queue:
+            root = queue.pop()
+            visited.add(root)
+            for child in root.children:
+                if child not in visited:
+                    queue.add(child)
+        unreachable = self.blocks - visited
+        for block in unreachable:
+            block.detach()
+        visited.remove(self.entry_point)
+        for block in visited:
+            if block.empty():
+                for parent in block.parents: # Re-parent
+                    for child in block.children:
+                        parent.add_child(child)
+                block.detach()
+                unreachable.add(block)
+        self.blocks -= unreachable
+
+    def initialize(self):
+        """Set initial state, map assignments to bits."""
+        self.assmts = {}
+
+        bit = 1
+        for entry in self.entries:
+            assmts = AssignmentList()
+            assmts.mask = assmts.bit = bit
+            self.assmts[entry] = assmts
+            bit <<= 1
+
+        for block in self.blocks:
+            for stat in block.stats:
+                if isinstance(stat, NameAssignment):
+                    stat.bit = bit
+                    assmts = self.assmts[stat.entry]
+                    assmts.stats.append(stat)
+                    assmts.mask |= bit
+                    bit <<= 1
+
+        for block in self.blocks:
+            for entry, stat in block.gen.items():
+                assmts = self.assmts[entry]
+                if stat is Uninitialized:
+                    block.i_gen |= assmts.bit
+                else:
+                    block.i_gen |= stat.bit
+                block.i_kill |= assmts.mask
+            block.i_output = block.i_gen
+            for entry in block.bounded:
+                block.i_kill |= self.assmts[entry].bit
+
+        for assmts in self.assmts.values():
+            self.entry_point.i_gen |= assmts.bit
+        self.entry_point.i_output = self.entry_point.i_gen
+
+    def map_one(self, istate, entry):
+        ret = set()
+        assmts = self.assmts[entry]
+        if istate & assmts.bit:
+            if self.is_statically_assigned(entry):
+                ret.add(StaticAssignment(entry))
+            elif entry.from_closure:
+                ret.add(Unknown)
+            else:
+                ret.add(Uninitialized)
+        for assmt in assmts.stats:
+            if istate & assmt.bit:
+                ret.add(assmt)
+        return ret
+
+    def reaching_definitions(self):
+        """Per-block reaching definitions analysis."""
+        dirty = True
+        while dirty:
+            dirty = False
+            for block in self.blocks:
+                i_input = 0
+                for parent in block.parents:
+                    i_input |= parent.i_output
+                i_output = (i_input & ~block.i_kill) | block.i_gen
+                if i_output != block.i_output:
+                    dirty = True
+                block.i_input = i_input
+                block.i_output = i_output
+
+
+class LoopDescr(object):
+    def __init__(self, next_block, loop_block):
+        self.next_block = next_block
+        self.loop_block = loop_block
+        self.exceptions = []
+
+
+class ExceptionDescr(object):
+    """Exception handling helper.
+
+    entry_point   ControlBlock Exception handling entry point
+    finally_enter ControlBlock Normal finally clause entry point
+    finally_exit  ControlBlock Normal finally clause exit point
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, entry_point, finally_enter=None, finally_exit=None):
+        self.entry_point = entry_point
+        self.finally_enter = finally_enter
+        self.finally_exit = finally_exit
+
+
+class NameAssignment(object):
+    def __init__(self, lhs, rhs, entry):
+        if lhs.cf_state is None:
+            lhs.cf_state = set()
+        self.lhs = lhs
+        self.rhs = rhs
+        self.entry = entry
+        self.pos = lhs.pos
+        self.refs = set()
+        self.is_arg = False
+        self.is_deletion = False
+        self.inferred_type = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '%s(entry=%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.entry)
+
+    def infer_type(self):
+        self.inferred_type = self.rhs.infer_type(self.entry.scope)
+        return self.inferred_type
+
+    def type_dependencies(self):
+        return self.rhs.type_dependencies(self.entry.scope)
+
+    @property
+    def type(self):
+        if not self.entry.type.is_unspecified:
+            return self.entry.type
+        return self.inferred_type
+
+
+class StaticAssignment(NameAssignment):
+    """Initialised at declaration time, e.g. stack allocation."""
+    def __init__(self, entry):
+        if not entry.type.is_pyobject:
+            may_be_none = False
+        else:
+            may_be_none = None  # unknown
+        lhs = TypedExprNode(
+            entry.type, may_be_none=may_be_none, pos=entry.pos)
+        super(StaticAssignment, self).__init__(lhs, lhs, entry)
+
+    def infer_type(self):
+        return self.entry.type
+
+    def type_dependencies(self):
+        return ()
+
+
+class Argument(NameAssignment):
+    def __init__(self, lhs, rhs, entry):
+        NameAssignment.__init__(self, lhs, rhs, entry)
+        self.is_arg = True
+
+
+class NameDeletion(NameAssignment):
+    def __init__(self, lhs, entry):
+        NameAssignment.__init__(self, lhs, lhs, entry)
+        self.is_deletion = True
+
+    def infer_type(self):
+        inferred_type = self.rhs.infer_type(self.entry.scope)
+        if (not inferred_type.is_pyobject and
+            inferred_type.can_coerce_to_pyobject(self.entry.scope)):
+            return py_object_type
+        self.inferred_type = inferred_type
+        return inferred_type
+
+
+class Uninitialized(object):
+    """Definitely not initialised yet."""
+
+
+class Unknown(object):
+    """Coming from outer closure, might be initialised or not."""
+
+
+class NameReference(object):
+    def __init__(self, node, entry):
+        if node.cf_state is None:
+            node.cf_state = set()
+        self.node = node
+        self.entry = entry
+        self.pos = node.pos
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '%s(entry=%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.entry)
+
+
+class ControlFlowState(list):
+    # Keeps track of Node's entry assignments
+    #
+    # cf_is_null        [boolean] It is uninitialized
+    # cf_maybe_null     [boolean] May be uninitialized
+    # is_single         [boolean] Has only one assignment at this point
+
+    cf_maybe_null = False
+    cf_is_null = False
+    is_single = False
+
+    def __init__(self, state):
+        if Uninitialized in state:
+            state.discard(Uninitialized)
+            self.cf_maybe_null = True
+            if not state:
+                self.cf_is_null = True
+        elif Unknown in state:
+            state.discard(Unknown)
+            self.cf_maybe_null = True
+        else:
+            if len(state) == 1:
+                self.is_single = True
+        # XXX: Remove fake_rhs_expr
+        super(ControlFlowState, self).__init__(
+            [i for i in state if i.rhs is not fake_rhs_expr])
+
+    def one(self):
+        return self[0]
+
+
+class GVContext(object):
+    """Graphviz subgraph object."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.blockids = {}
+        self.nextid = 0
+        self.children = []
+        self.sources = {}
+
+    def add(self, child):
+        self.children.append(child)
+
+    def nodeid(self, block):
+        if block not in self.blockids:
+            self.blockids[block] = 'block%d' % self.nextid
+            self.nextid += 1
+        return self.blockids[block]
+
+    def extract_sources(self, block):
+        if not block.positions:
+            return ''
+        start = min(block.positions)
+        stop = max(block.positions)
+        srcdescr = start[0]
+        if not srcdescr in self.sources:
+            self.sources[srcdescr] = list(srcdescr.get_lines())
+        lines = self.sources[srcdescr]
+        return '\\n'.join([l.strip() for l in lines[start[1] - 1:stop[1]]])
+
+    def render(self, fp, name, annotate_defs=False):
+        """Render graphviz dot graph"""
+        fp.write('digraph %s {\n' % name)
+        fp.write(' node [shape=box];\n')
+        for child in self.children:
+            child.render(fp, self, annotate_defs)
+        fp.write('}\n')
+
+    def escape(self, text):
+        return text.replace('"', '\\"').replace('\n', '\\n')
+
+
+class GV(object):
+    """Graphviz DOT renderer."""
+
+    def __init__(self, name, flow):
+        self.name = name
+        self.flow = flow
+
+    def render(self, fp, ctx, annotate_defs=False):
+        fp.write(' subgraph %s {\n' % self.name)
+        for block in self.flow.blocks:
+            label = ctx.extract_sources(block)
+            if annotate_defs:
+                for stat in block.stats:
+                    if isinstance(stat, NameAssignment):
+                        label += '\n %s [%s %s]' % (
+                            stat.entry.name, 'deletion' if stat.is_deletion else 'definition', stat.pos[1])
+                    elif isinstance(stat, NameReference):
+                        if stat.entry:
+                            label += '\n %s [reference %s]' % (stat.entry.name, stat.pos[1])
+            if not label:
+                label = 'empty'
+            pid = ctx.nodeid(block)
+            fp.write('  %s [label="%s"];\n' % (pid, ctx.escape(label)))
+        for block in self.flow.blocks:
+            pid = ctx.nodeid(block)
+            for child in block.children:
+                fp.write('  %s -> %s;\n' % (pid, ctx.nodeid(child)))
+        fp.write(' }\n')
+
+
+class MessageCollection(object):
+    """Collect error/warnings messages first then sort"""
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.messages = set()
+
+    def error(self, pos, message):
+        self.messages.add((pos, True, message))
+
+    def warning(self, pos, message):
+        self.messages.add((pos, False, message))
+
+    def report(self):
+        for pos, is_error, message in sorted(self.messages):
+            if is_error:
+                error(pos, message)
+            else:
+                warning(pos, message, 2)
+
+
+def check_definitions(flow, compiler_directives):
+    flow.initialize()
+    flow.reaching_definitions()
+
+    # Track down state
+    assignments = set()
+    # Node to entry map
+    references = {}
+    assmt_nodes = set()
+
+    for block in flow.blocks:
+        i_state = block.i_input
+        for stat in block.stats:
+            i_assmts = flow.assmts[stat.entry]
+            state = flow.map_one(i_state, stat.entry)
+            if isinstance(stat, NameAssignment):
+                stat.lhs.cf_state.update(state)
+                assmt_nodes.add(stat.lhs)
+                i_state = i_state & ~i_assmts.mask
+                if stat.is_deletion:
+                    i_state |= i_assmts.bit
+                else:
+                    i_state |= stat.bit
+                assignments.add(stat)
+                if stat.rhs is not fake_rhs_expr:
+                    stat.entry.cf_assignments.append(stat)
+            elif isinstance(stat, NameReference):
+                references[stat.node] = stat.entry
+                stat.entry.cf_references.append(stat)
+                stat.node.cf_state.update(state)
+                ## if not stat.node.allow_null:
+                ##     i_state &= ~i_assmts.bit
+                ## # after successful read, the state is known to be initialised
+                state.discard(Uninitialized)
+                state.discard(Unknown)
+                for assmt in state:
+                    assmt.refs.add(stat)
+
+    # Check variable usage
+    warn_maybe_uninitialized = compiler_directives['warn.maybe_uninitialized']
+    warn_unused_result = compiler_directives['warn.unused_result']
+    warn_unused = compiler_directives['warn.unused']
+    warn_unused_arg = compiler_directives['warn.unused_arg']
+
+    messages = MessageCollection()
+
+    # assignment hints
+    for node in assmt_nodes:
+        if Uninitialized in node.cf_state:
+            node.cf_maybe_null = True
+            if len(node.cf_state) == 1:
+                node.cf_is_null = True
+            else:
+                node.cf_is_null = False
+        elif Unknown in node.cf_state:
+            node.cf_maybe_null = True
+        else:
+            node.cf_is_null = False
+            node.cf_maybe_null = False
+
+    # Find uninitialized references and cf-hints
+    for node, entry in references.items():
+        if Uninitialized in node.cf_state:
+            node.cf_maybe_null = True
+            if not entry.from_closure and len(node.cf_state) == 1:
+                node.cf_is_null = True
+            if (node.allow_null or entry.from_closure
+                    or entry.is_pyclass_attr or entry.type.is_error):
+                pass  # Can be uninitialized here
+            elif node.cf_is_null:
+                if entry.error_on_uninitialized or (
+                        Options.error_on_uninitialized and (
+                        entry.type.is_pyobject or entry.type.is_unspecified)):
+                    messages.error(
+                        node.pos,
+                        "local variable '%s' referenced before assignment"
+                        % entry.name)
+                else:
+                    messages.warning(
+                        node.pos,
+                        "local variable '%s' referenced before assignment"
+                        % entry.name)
+            elif warn_maybe_uninitialized:
+                messages.warning(
+                    node.pos,
+                    "local variable '%s' might be referenced before assignment"
+                    % entry.name)
+        elif Unknown in node.cf_state:
+            # TODO: better cross-closure analysis to know when inner functions
+            #       are being called before a variable is being set, and when
+            #       a variable is known to be set before even defining the
+            #       inner function, etc.
+            node.cf_maybe_null = True
+        else:
+            node.cf_is_null = False
+            node.cf_maybe_null = False
+
+    # Unused result
+    for assmt in assignments:
+        if (not assmt.refs and not assmt.entry.is_pyclass_attr
+            and not assmt.entry.in_closure):
+            if assmt.entry.cf_references and warn_unused_result:
+                if assmt.is_arg:
+                    messages.warning(assmt.pos, "Unused argument value '%s'" %
+                                     assmt.entry.name)
+                else:
+                    messages.warning(assmt.pos, "Unused result in '%s'" %
+                                     assmt.entry.name)
+            assmt.lhs.cf_used = False
+
+    # Unused entries
+    for entry in flow.entries:
+        if (not entry.cf_references
+                and not entry.is_pyclass_attr):
+            if entry.name != '_' and not entry.name.startswith('unused'):
+                # '_' is often used for unused variables, e.g. in loops
+                if entry.is_arg:
+                    if warn_unused_arg:
+                        messages.warning(entry.pos, "Unused argument '%s'" %
+                                         entry.name)
+                else:
+                    if warn_unused:
+                        messages.warning(entry.pos, "Unused entry '%s'" %
+                                         entry.name)
+            entry.cf_used = False
+
+    messages.report()
+
+    for node in assmt_nodes:
+        node.cf_state = ControlFlowState(node.cf_state)
+    for node in references:
+        node.cf_state = ControlFlowState(node.cf_state)
+
+
+class AssignmentCollector(TreeVisitor):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(AssignmentCollector, self).__init__()
+        self.assignments = []
+
+    def visit_Node(self):
+        self._visitchildren(self, None)
+
+    def visit_SingleAssignmentNode(self, node):
+        self.assignments.append((node.lhs, node.rhs))
+
+    def visit_CascadedAssignmentNode(self, node):
+        for lhs in node.lhs_list:
+            self.assignments.append((lhs, node.rhs))
+
+
+class ControlFlowAnalysis(CythonTransform):
+
+    def visit_ModuleNode(self, node):
+        self.gv_ctx = GVContext()
+        self.constant_folder = ConstantFolding()
+
+        # Set of NameNode reductions
+        self.reductions = set()
+
+        self.in_inplace_assignment = False
+        self.env_stack = []
+        self.env = node.scope
+        self.stack = []
+        self.flow = ControlFlow()
+        self.visitchildren(node)
+
+        check_definitions(self.flow, self.current_directives)
+
+        dot_output = self.current_directives['control_flow.dot_output']
+        if dot_output:
+            annotate_defs = self.current_directives['control_flow.dot_annotate_defs']
+            fp = open(dot_output, 'wt')
+            try:
+                self.gv_ctx.render(fp, 'module', annotate_defs=annotate_defs)
+            finally:
+                fp.close()
+        return node
+
+    def visit_FuncDefNode(self, node):
+        for arg in node.args:
+            if arg.default:
+                self.visitchildren(arg)
+        self.visitchildren(node, ('decorators',))
+        self.env_stack.append(self.env)
+        self.env = node.local_scope
+        self.stack.append(self.flow)
+        self.flow = ControlFlow()
+
+        # Collect all entries
+        for entry in node.local_scope.entries.values():
+            if self.flow.is_tracked(entry):
+                self.flow.entries.add(entry)
+
+        self.mark_position(node)
+        # Function body block
+        self.flow.nextblock()
+
+        for arg in node.args:
+            self._visit(arg)
+        if node.star_arg:
+            self.flow.mark_argument(node.star_arg,
+                                    TypedExprNode(Builtin.tuple_type,
+                                                  may_be_none=False),
+                                    node.star_arg.entry)
+        if node.starstar_arg:
+            self.flow.mark_argument(node.starstar_arg,
+                                    TypedExprNode(Builtin.dict_type,
+                                                  may_be_none=False),
+                                    node.starstar_arg.entry)
+        self._visit(node.body)
+        # Workaround for generators
+        if node.is_generator:
+            self._visit(node.gbody.body)
+
+        # Exit point
+        if self.flow.block:
+            self.flow.block.add_child(self.flow.exit_point)
+
+        # Cleanup graph
+        self.flow.normalize()
+        check_definitions(self.flow, self.current_directives)
+        self.flow.blocks.add(self.flow.entry_point)
+
+        self.gv_ctx.add(GV(node.local_scope.name, self.flow))
+
+        self.flow = self.stack.pop()
+        self.env = self.env_stack.pop()
+        return node
+
+    def visit_DefNode(self, node):
+        node.used = True
+        return self.visit_FuncDefNode(node)
+
+    def visit_GeneratorBodyDefNode(self, node):
+        return node
+
+    def visit_CTypeDefNode(self, node):
+        return node
+
+    def mark_assignment(self, lhs, rhs=None):
+        if not self.flow.block:
+            return
+        if self.flow.exceptions:
+            exc_descr = self.flow.exceptions[-1]
+            self.flow.block.add_child(exc_descr.entry_point)
+            self.flow.nextblock()
+
+        if not rhs:
+            rhs = object_expr
+        if lhs.is_name:
+            if lhs.entry is not None:
+                entry = lhs.entry
+            else:
+                entry = self.env.lookup(lhs.name)
+            if entry is None: # TODO: This shouldn't happen...
+                return
+            self.flow.mark_assignment(lhs, rhs, entry)
+        elif lhs.is_sequence_constructor:
+            for i, arg in enumerate(lhs.args):
+                if not rhs or arg.is_starred:
+                    item_node = None
+                else:
+                    item_node = rhs.inferable_item_node(i)
+                self.mark_assignment(arg, item_node)
+        else:
+            self._visit(lhs)
+
+        if self.flow.exceptions:
+            exc_descr = self.flow.exceptions[-1]
+            self.flow.block.add_child(exc_descr.entry_point)
+            self.flow.nextblock()
+
+    def mark_position(self, node):
+        """Mark position if DOT output is enabled."""
+        if self.current_directives['control_flow.dot_output']:
+            self.flow.mark_position(node)
+
+    def visit_FromImportStatNode(self, node):
+        for name, target in node.items:
+            if name != "*":
+                self.mark_assignment(target)
+        self.visitchildren(node)
+        return node
+
+    def visit_AssignmentNode(self, node):
+        raise InternalError("Unhandled assignment node")
+
+    def visit_SingleAssignmentNode(self, node):
+        self._visit(node.rhs)
+        self.mark_assignment(node.lhs, node.rhs)
+        return node
+
+    def visit_CascadedAssignmentNode(self, node):
+        self._visit(node.rhs)
+        for lhs in node.lhs_list:
+            self.mark_assignment(lhs, node.rhs)
+        return node
+
+    def visit_ParallelAssignmentNode(self, node):
+        collector = AssignmentCollector()
+        collector.visitchildren(node)
+        for lhs, rhs in collector.assignments:
+            self._visit(rhs)
+        for lhs, rhs in collector.assignments:
+            self.mark_assignment(lhs, rhs)
+        return node
+
+    def visit_InPlaceAssignmentNode(self, node):
+        self.in_inplace_assignment = True
+        self.visitchildren(node)
+        self.in_inplace_assignment = False
+        self.mark_assignment(node.lhs, self.constant_folder(node.create_binop_node()))
+        return node
+
+    def visit_DelStatNode(self, node):
+        for arg in node.args:
+            if arg.is_name:
+                entry = arg.entry or self.env.lookup(arg.name)
+                if entry.in_closure or entry.from_closure:
+                    error(arg.pos,
+                          "can not delete variable '%s' "
+                          "referenced in nested scope" % entry.name)
+                if not node.ignore_nonexisting:
+                    self._visit(arg)  # mark reference
+                self.flow.mark_deletion(arg, entry)
+            else:
+                self._visit(arg)
+        return node
+
+    def visit_CArgDeclNode(self, node):
+        entry = self.env.lookup(node.name)
+        if entry:
+            may_be_none = not node.not_none
+            self.flow.mark_argument(
+                node, TypedExprNode(entry.type, may_be_none), entry)
+        return node
+
+    def visit_NameNode(self, node):
+        if self.flow.block:
+            entry = node.entry or self.env.lookup(node.name)
+            if entry:
+                self.flow.mark_reference(node, entry)
+
+                if entry in self.reductions and not self.in_inplace_assignment:
+                    error(node.pos,
+                          "Cannot read reduction variable in loop body")
+
+        return node
+
+    def visit_StatListNode(self, node):
+        if self.flow.block:
+            for stat in node.stats:
+                self._visit(stat)
+                if not self.flow.block:
+                    stat.is_terminator = True
+                    break
+        return node
+
+    def visit_Node(self, node):
+        self.visitchildren(node)
+        self.mark_position(node)
+        return node
+
+    def visit_SizeofVarNode(self, node):
+        return node
+
+    def visit_TypeidNode(self, node):
+        return node
+
+    def visit_IfStatNode(self, node):
+        next_block = self.flow.newblock()
+        parent = self.flow.block
+        # If clauses
+        for clause in node.if_clauses:
+            parent = self.flow.nextblock(parent)
+            self._visit(clause.condition)
+            self.flow.nextblock()
+            self._visit(clause.body)
+            if self.flow.block:
+                self.flow.block.add_child(next_block)
+        # Else clause
+        if node.else_clause:
+            self.flow.nextblock(parent=parent)
+            self._visit(node.else_clause)
+            if self.flow.block:
+                self.flow.block.add_child(next_block)
+        else:
+            parent.add_child(next_block)
+
+        if next_block.parents:
+            self.flow.block = next_block
+        else:
+            self.flow.block = None
+        return node
+
+    def visit_WhileStatNode(self, node):
+        condition_block = self.flow.nextblock()
+        next_block = self.flow.newblock()
+        # Condition block
+        self.flow.loops.append(LoopDescr(next_block, condition_block))
+        if node.condition:
+            self._visit(node.condition)
+        # Body block
+        self.flow.nextblock()
+        self._visit(node.body)
+        self.flow.loops.pop()
+        # Loop it
+        if self.flow.block:
+            self.flow.block.add_child(condition_block)
+            self.flow.block.add_child(next_block)
+        # Else clause
+        if node.else_clause:
+            self.flow.nextblock(parent=condition_block)
+            self._visit(node.else_clause)
+            if self.flow.block:
+                self.flow.block.add_child(next_block)
+        else:
+            condition_block.add_child(next_block)
+
+        if next_block.parents:
+            self.flow.block = next_block
+        else:
+            self.flow.block = None
+        return node
+
+    def mark_forloop_target(self, node):
+        # TODO: Remove redundancy with range optimization...
+        is_special = False
+        sequence = node.iterator.sequence
+        target = node.target
+        if isinstance(sequence, ExprNodes.SimpleCallNode):
+            function = sequence.function
+            if sequence.self is None and function.is_name:
+                entry = self.env.lookup(function.name)
+                if not entry or entry.is_builtin:
+                    if function.name == 'reversed' and len(sequence.args) == 1:
+                        sequence = sequence.args[0]
+                    elif function.name == 'enumerate' and len(sequence.args) == 1:
+                        if target.is_sequence_constructor and len(target.args) == 2:
+                            iterator = sequence.args[0]
+                            if iterator.is_name:
+                                iterator_type = iterator.infer_type(self.env)
+                                if iterator_type.is_builtin_type:
+                                    # assume that builtin types have a length within Py_ssize_t
+                                    self.mark_assignment(
+                                        target.args[0],
+                                        ExprNodes.IntNode(target.pos, value='PY_SSIZE_T_MAX',
+                                                          type=PyrexTypes.c_py_ssize_t_type))
+                                    target = target.args[1]
+                                    sequence = sequence.args[0]
+        if isinstance(sequence, ExprNodes.SimpleCallNode):
+            function = sequence.function
+            if sequence.self is None and function.is_name:
+                entry = self.env.lookup(function.name)
+                if not entry or entry.is_builtin:
+                    if function.name in ('range', 'xrange'):
+                        is_special = True
+                        for arg in sequence.args[:2]:
+                            self.mark_assignment(target, arg)
+                        if len(sequence.args) > 2:
+                            self.mark_assignment(target, self.constant_folder(
+                                ExprNodes.binop_node(node.pos,
+                                                     '+',
+                                                     sequence.args[0],
+                                                     sequence.args[2])))
+
+        if not is_special:
+            # A for-loop basically translates to subsequent calls to
+            # __getitem__(), so using an IndexNode here allows us to
+            # naturally infer the base type of pointers, C arrays,
+            # Python strings, etc., while correctly falling back to an
+            # object type when the base type cannot be handled.
+
+            self.mark_assignment(target, node.item)
+
+    def visit_AsyncForStatNode(self, node):
+        return self.visit_ForInStatNode(node)
+
+    def visit_ForInStatNode(self, node):
+        condition_block = self.flow.nextblock()
+        next_block = self.flow.newblock()
+        # Condition with iterator
+        self.flow.loops.append(LoopDescr(next_block, condition_block))
+        self._visit(node.iterator)
+        # Target assignment
+        self.flow.nextblock()
+
+        if isinstance(node, Nodes.ForInStatNode):
+            self.mark_forloop_target(node)
+        elif isinstance(node, Nodes.AsyncForStatNode):
+            # not entirely correct, but good enough for now
+            self.mark_assignment(node.target, node.item)
+        else: # Parallel
+            self.mark_assignment(node.target)
+
+        # Body block
+        if isinstance(node, Nodes.ParallelRangeNode):
+            # In case of an invalid
+            self._delete_privates(node, exclude=node.target.entry)
+
+        self.flow.nextblock()
+        self._visit(node.body)
+        self.flow.loops.pop()
+
+        # Loop it
+        if self.flow.block:
+            self.flow.block.add_child(condition_block)
+        # Else clause
+        if node.else_clause:
+            self.flow.nextblock(parent=condition_block)
+            self._visit(node.else_clause)
+            if self.flow.block:
+                self.flow.block.add_child(next_block)
+        else:
+            condition_block.add_child(next_block)
+
+        if next_block.parents:
+            self.flow.block = next_block
+        else:
+            self.flow.block = None
+        return node
+
+    def _delete_privates(self, node, exclude=None):
+        for private_node in node.assigned_nodes:
+            if not exclude or private_node.entry is not exclude:
+                self.flow.mark_deletion(private_node, private_node.entry)
+
+    def visit_ParallelRangeNode(self, node):
+        reductions = self.reductions
+
+        # if node.target is None or not a NameNode, an error will have
+        # been previously issued
+        if hasattr(node.target, 'entry'):
+            self.reductions = set(reductions)
+
+            for private_node in node.assigned_nodes:
+                private_node.entry.error_on_uninitialized = True
+                pos, reduction = node.assignments[private_node.entry]
+                if reduction:
+                    self.reductions.add(private_node.entry)
+
+            node = self.visit_ForInStatNode(node)
+
+        self.reductions = reductions
+        return node
+
+    def visit_ParallelWithBlockNode(self, node):
+        for private_node in node.assigned_nodes:
+            private_node.entry.error_on_uninitialized = True
+
+        self._delete_privates(node)
+        self.visitchildren(node)
+        self._delete_privates(node)
+
+        return node
+
+    def visit_ForFromStatNode(self, node):
+        condition_block = self.flow.nextblock()
+        next_block = self.flow.newblock()
+        # Condition with iterator
+        self.flow.loops.append(LoopDescr(next_block, condition_block))
+        self._visit(node.bound1)
+        self._visit(node.bound2)
+        if node.step is not None:
+            self._visit(node.step)
+        # Target assignment
+        self.flow.nextblock()
+        self.mark_assignment(node.target, node.bound1)
+        if node.step is not None:
+            self.mark_assignment(node.target, self.constant_folder(
+                ExprNodes.binop_node(node.pos, '+', node.bound1, node.step)))
+        # Body block
+        self.flow.nextblock()
+        self._visit(node.body)
+        self.flow.loops.pop()
+        # Loop it
+        if self.flow.block:
+            self.flow.block.add_child(condition_block)
+        # Else clause
+        if node.else_clause:
+            self.flow.nextblock(parent=condition_block)
+            self._visit(node.else_clause)
+            if self.flow.block:
+                self.flow.block.add_child(next_block)
+        else:
+            condition_block.add_child(next_block)
+
+        if next_block.parents:
+            self.flow.block = next_block
+        else:
+            self.flow.block = None
+        return node
+
+    def visit_LoopNode(self, node):
+        raise InternalError("Generic loops are not supported")
+
+    def visit_WithTargetAssignmentStatNode(self, node):
+        self.mark_assignment(node.lhs, node.with_node.enter_call)
+        return node
+
+    def visit_WithStatNode(self, node):
+        self._visit(node.manager)
+        self._visit(node.enter_call)
+        self._visit(node.body)
+        return node
+
+    def visit_TryExceptStatNode(self, node):
+        # After exception handling
+        next_block = self.flow.newblock()
+        # Body block
+        self.flow.newblock()
+        # Exception entry point
+        entry_point = self.flow.newblock()
+        self.flow.exceptions.append(ExceptionDescr(entry_point))
+        self.flow.nextblock()
+        ## XXX: links to exception handling point should be added by
+        ## XXX: children nodes
+        self.flow.block.add_child(entry_point)
+        self.flow.nextblock()
+        self._visit(node.body)
+        self.flow.exceptions.pop()
+
+        # After exception
+        if self.flow.block:
+            if node.else_clause:
+                self.flow.nextblock()
+                self._visit(node.else_clause)
+            if self.flow.block:
+                self.flow.block.add_child(next_block)
+
+        for clause in node.except_clauses:
+            self.flow.block = entry_point
+            if clause.pattern:
+                for pattern in clause.pattern:
+                    self._visit(pattern)
+            else:
+                # TODO: handle * pattern
+                pass
+            entry_point = self.flow.newblock(parent=self.flow.block)
+            self.flow.nextblock()
+            if clause.target:
+                self.mark_assignment(clause.target)
+            self._visit(clause.body)
+            if self.flow.block:
+                self.flow.block.add_child(next_block)
+
+        if self.flow.exceptions:
+            entry_point.add_child(self.flow.exceptions[-1].entry_point)
+
+        if next_block.parents:
+            self.flow.block = next_block
+        else:
+            self.flow.block = None
+        return node
+
+    def visit_TryFinallyStatNode(self, node):
+        body_block = self.flow.nextblock()
+
+        # Exception entry point
+        entry_point = self.flow.newblock()
+        self.flow.block = entry_point
+        self._visit(node.finally_except_clause)
+
+        if self.flow.block and self.flow.exceptions:
+            self.flow.block.add_child(self.flow.exceptions[-1].entry_point)
+
+        # Normal execution
+        finally_enter = self.flow.newblock()
+        self.flow.block = finally_enter
+        self._visit(node.finally_clause)
+        finally_exit = self.flow.block
+
+        descr = ExceptionDescr(entry_point, finally_enter, finally_exit)
+        self.flow.exceptions.append(descr)
+        if self.flow.loops:
+            self.flow.loops[-1].exceptions.append(descr)
+        self.flow.block = body_block
+        body_block.add_child(entry_point)
+        self.flow.nextblock()
+        self._visit(node.body)
+        self.flow.exceptions.pop()
+        if self.flow.loops:
+            self.flow.loops[-1].exceptions.pop()
+
+        if self.flow.block:
+            self.flow.block.add_child(finally_enter)
+            if finally_exit:
+                self.flow.block = self.flow.nextblock(parent=finally_exit)
+            else:
+                self.flow.block = None
+        return node
+
+    def visit_RaiseStatNode(self, node):
+        self.mark_position(node)
+        self.visitchildren(node)
+        if self.flow.exceptions:
+            self.flow.block.add_child(self.flow.exceptions[-1].entry_point)
+        self.flow.block = None
+        return node
+
+    def visit_ReraiseStatNode(self, node):
+        self.mark_position(node)
+        if self.flow.exceptions:
+            self.flow.block.add_child(self.flow.exceptions[-1].entry_point)
+        self.flow.block = None
+        return node
+
+    def visit_ReturnStatNode(self, node):
+        self.mark_position(node)
+        self.visitchildren(node)
+
+        outer_exception_handlers = iter(self.flow.exceptions[::-1])
+        for handler in outer_exception_handlers:
+            if handler.finally_enter:
+                self.flow.block.add_child(handler.finally_enter)
+                if handler.finally_exit:
+                    # 'return' goes to function exit, or to the next outer 'finally' clause
+                    exit_point = self.flow.exit_point
+                    for next_handler in outer_exception_handlers:
+                        if next_handler.finally_enter:
+                            exit_point = next_handler.finally_enter
+                            break
+                    handler.finally_exit.add_child(exit_point)
+                break
+        else:
+            if self.flow.block:
+                self.flow.block.add_child(self.flow.exit_point)
+        self.flow.block = None
+        return node
+
+    def visit_BreakStatNode(self, node):
+        if not self.flow.loops:
+            #error(node.pos, "break statement not inside loop")
+            return node
+        loop = self.flow.loops[-1]
+        self.mark_position(node)
+        for exception in loop.exceptions[::-1]:
+            if exception.finally_enter:
+                self.flow.block.add_child(exception.finally_enter)
+                if exception.finally_exit:
+                    exception.finally_exit.add_child(loop.next_block)
+                break
+        else:
+            self.flow.block.add_child(loop.next_block)
+        self.flow.block = None
+        return node
+
+    def visit_ContinueStatNode(self, node):
+        if not self.flow.loops:
+            #error(node.pos, "continue statement not inside loop")
+            return node
+        loop = self.flow.loops[-1]
+        self.mark_position(node)
+        for exception in loop.exceptions[::-1]:
+            if exception.finally_enter:
+                self.flow.block.add_child(exception.finally_enter)
+                if exception.finally_exit:
+                    exception.finally_exit.add_child(loop.loop_block)
+                break
+        else:
+            self.flow.block.add_child(loop.loop_block)
+        self.flow.block = None
+        return node
+
+    def visit_ComprehensionNode(self, node):
+        if node.expr_scope:
+            self.env_stack.append(self.env)
+            self.env = node.expr_scope
+        # Skip append node here
+        self._visit(node.loop)
+        if node.expr_scope:
+            self.env = self.env_stack.pop()
+        return node
+
+    def visit_ScopedExprNode(self, node):
+        if node.expr_scope:
+            self.env_stack.append(self.env)
+            self.env = node.expr_scope
+        self.visitchildren(node)
+        if node.expr_scope:
+            self.env = self.env_stack.pop()
+        return node
+
+    def visit_PyClassDefNode(self, node):
+        self.visitchildren(node, ('dict', 'metaclass',
+                                  'mkw', 'bases', 'class_result'))
+        self.flow.mark_assignment(node.target, node.classobj,
+                                  self.env.lookup(node.name))
+        self.env_stack.append(self.env)
+        self.env = node.scope
+        self.flow.nextblock()
+        self.visitchildren(node, ('body',))
+        self.flow.nextblock()
+        self.env = self.env_stack.pop()
+        return node
+
+    def visit_AmpersandNode(self, node):
+        if node.operand.is_name:
+            # Fake assignment to silence warning
+            self.mark_assignment(node.operand, fake_rhs_expr)
+        self.visitchildren(node)
+        return node

venv/Lib/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/FusedNode.py

@@ -0,0 +1,901 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import copy
+
+from . import (ExprNodes, PyrexTypes, MemoryView,
+               ParseTreeTransforms, StringEncoding, Errors)
+from .ExprNodes import CloneNode, ProxyNode, TupleNode
+from .Nodes import FuncDefNode, CFuncDefNode, StatListNode, DefNode
+from ..Utils import OrderedSet
+
+
+class FusedCFuncDefNode(StatListNode):
+    """
+    This node replaces a function with fused arguments. It deep-copies the
+    function for every permutation of fused types, and allocates a new local
+    scope for it. It keeps track of the original function in self.node, and
+    the entry of the original function in the symbol table is given the
+    'fused_cfunction' attribute which points back to us.
+    Then when a function lookup occurs (to e.g. call it), the call can be
+    dispatched to the right function.
+
+    node    FuncDefNode    the original function
+    nodes   [FuncDefNode]  list of copies of node with different specific types
+    py_func DefNode        the fused python function subscriptable from
+                           Python space
+    __signatures__         A DictNode mapping signature specialization strings
+                           to PyCFunction nodes
+    resulting_fused_function  PyCFunction for the fused DefNode that delegates
+                              to specializations
+    fused_func_assignment   Assignment of the fused function to the function name
+    defaults_tuple          TupleNode of defaults (letting PyCFunctionNode build
+                            defaults would result in many different tuples)
+    specialized_pycfuncs    List of synthesized pycfunction nodes for the
+                            specializations
+    code_object             CodeObjectNode shared by all specializations and the
+                            fused function
+
+    fused_compound_types    All fused (compound) types (e.g. floating[:])
+    """
+
+    __signatures__ = None
+    resulting_fused_function = None
+    fused_func_assignment = None
+    defaults_tuple = None
+    decorators = None
+
+    child_attrs = StatListNode.child_attrs + [
+        '__signatures__', 'resulting_fused_function', 'fused_func_assignment']
+
+    def __init__(self, node, env):
+        super(FusedCFuncDefNode, self).__init__(node.pos)
+
+        self.nodes = []
+        self.node = node
+
+        is_def = isinstance(self.node, DefNode)
+        if is_def:
+            # self.node.decorators = []
+            self.copy_def(env)
+        else:
+            self.copy_cdef(env)
+
+        # Perform some sanity checks. If anything fails, it's a bug
+        for n in self.nodes:
+            assert not n.entry.type.is_fused
+            assert not n.local_scope.return_type.is_fused
+            if node.return_type.is_fused:
+                assert not n.return_type.is_fused
+
+            if not is_def and n.cfunc_declarator.optional_arg_count:
+                assert n.type.op_arg_struct
+
+        node.entry.fused_cfunction = self
+        # Copy the nodes as AnalyseDeclarationsTransform will prepend
+        # self.py_func to self.stats, as we only want specialized
+        # CFuncDefNodes in self.nodes
+        self.stats = self.nodes[:]
+
+    def copy_def(self, env):
+        """
+        Create a copy of the original def or lambda function for specialized
+        versions.
+        """
+        fused_compound_types = PyrexTypes.unique(
+            [arg.type for arg in self.node.args if arg.type.is_fused])
+        fused_types = self._get_fused_base_types(fused_compound_types)
+        permutations = PyrexTypes.get_all_specialized_permutations(fused_types)
+
+        self.fused_compound_types = fused_compound_types
+
+        if self.node.entry in env.pyfunc_entries:
+            env.pyfunc_entries.remove(self.node.entry)
+
+        for cname, fused_to_specific in permutations:
+            copied_node = copy.deepcopy(self.node)
+            # keep signature object identity for special casing in DefNode.analyse_declarations()
+            copied_node.entry.signature = self.node.entry.signature
+
+            self._specialize_function_args(copied_node.args, fused_to_specific)
+            copied_node.return_type = self.node.return_type.specialize(
+                                                    fused_to_specific)
+
+            copied_node.analyse_declarations(env)
+            # copied_node.is_staticmethod = self.node.is_staticmethod
+            # copied_node.is_classmethod = self.node.is_classmethod
+            self.create_new_local_scope(copied_node, env, fused_to_specific)
+            self.specialize_copied_def(copied_node, cname, self.node.entry,
+                                       fused_to_specific, fused_compound_types)
+
+            PyrexTypes.specialize_entry(copied_node.entry, cname)
+            copied_node.entry.used = True
+            env.entries[copied_node.entry.name] = copied_node.entry
+
+            if not self.replace_fused_typechecks(copied_node):
+                break
+
+        self.orig_py_func = self.node
+        self.py_func = self.make_fused_cpdef(self.node, env, is_def=True)
+
+    def copy_cdef(self, env):
+        """
+        Create a copy of the original c(p)def function for all specialized
+        versions.
+        """
+        permutations = self.node.type.get_all_specialized_permutations()
+        # print 'Node %s has %d specializations:' % (self.node.entry.name,
+        #                                            len(permutations))
+        # import pprint; pprint.pprint([d for cname, d in permutations])
+
+        # Prevent copying of the python function
+        self.orig_py_func = orig_py_func = self.node.py_func
+        self.node.py_func = None
+        if orig_py_func:
+            env.pyfunc_entries.remove(orig_py_func.entry)
+
+        fused_types = self.node.type.get_fused_types()
+        self.fused_compound_types = fused_types
+
+        new_cfunc_entries = []
+        for cname, fused_to_specific in permutations:
+            copied_node = copy.deepcopy(self.node)
+
+            # Make the types in our CFuncType specific.
+            type = copied_node.type.specialize(fused_to_specific)
+            entry = copied_node.entry
+            type.specialize_entry(entry, cname)
+
+            # Reuse existing Entries (e.g. from .pxd files).
+            for i, orig_entry in enumerate(env.cfunc_entries):
+                if entry.cname == orig_entry.cname and type.same_as_resolved_type(orig_entry.type):
+                    copied_node.entry = env.cfunc_entries[i]
+                    if not copied_node.entry.func_cname:
+                        copied_node.entry.func_cname = entry.func_cname
+                    entry = copied_node.entry
+                    type = entry.type
+                    break
+            else:
+                new_cfunc_entries.append(entry)
+
+            copied_node.type = type
+            entry.type, type.entry = type, entry
+
+            entry.used = (entry.used or
+                          self.node.entry.defined_in_pxd or
+                          env.is_c_class_scope or
+                          entry.is_cmethod)
+
+            if self.node.cfunc_declarator.optional_arg_count:
+                self.node.cfunc_declarator.declare_optional_arg_struct(
+                                           type, env, fused_cname=cname)
+
+            copied_node.return_type = type.return_type
+            self.create_new_local_scope(copied_node, env, fused_to_specific)
+
+            # Make the argument types in the CFuncDeclarator specific
+            self._specialize_function_args(copied_node.cfunc_declarator.args,
+                                           fused_to_specific)
+
+            # If a cpdef, declare all specialized cpdefs (this
+            # also calls analyse_declarations)
+            copied_node.declare_cpdef_wrapper(env)
+            if copied_node.py_func:
+                env.pyfunc_entries.remove(copied_node.py_func.entry)
+
+                self.specialize_copied_def(
+                        copied_node.py_func, cname, self.node.entry.as_variable,
+                        fused_to_specific, fused_types)
+
+            if not self.replace_fused_typechecks(copied_node):
+                break
+
+        # replace old entry with new entries
+        try:
+            cindex = env.cfunc_entries.index(self.node.entry)
+        except ValueError:
+            env.cfunc_entries.extend(new_cfunc_entries)
+        else:
+            env.cfunc_entries[cindex:cindex+1] = new_cfunc_entries
+
+        if orig_py_func:
+            self.py_func = self.make_fused_cpdef(orig_py_func, env,
+                                                 is_def=False)
+        else:
+            self.py_func = orig_py_func
+
+    def _get_fused_base_types(self, fused_compound_types):
+        """
+        Get a list of unique basic fused types, from a list of
+        (possibly) compound fused types.
+        """
+        base_types = []
+        seen = set()
+        for fused_type in fused_compound_types:
+            fused_type.get_fused_types(result=base_types, seen=seen)
+        return base_types
+
+    def _specialize_function_args(self, args, fused_to_specific):
+        for arg in args:
+            if arg.type.is_fused:
+                arg.type = arg.type.specialize(fused_to_specific)
+                if arg.type.is_memoryviewslice:
+                    arg.type.validate_memslice_dtype(arg.pos)
+
+    def create_new_local_scope(self, node, env, f2s):
+        """
+        Create a new local scope for the copied node and append it to
+        self.nodes. A new local scope is needed because the arguments with the
+        fused types are already in the local scope, and we need the specialized
+        entries created after analyse_declarations on each specialized version
+        of the (CFunc)DefNode.
+        f2s is a dict mapping each fused type to its specialized version
+        """
+        node.create_local_scope(env)
+        node.local_scope.fused_to_specific = f2s
+
+        # This is copied from the original function, set it to false to
+        # stop recursion
+        node.has_fused_arguments = False
+        self.nodes.append(node)
+
+    def specialize_copied_def(self, node, cname, py_entry, f2s, fused_compound_types):
+        """Specialize the copy of a DefNode given the copied node,
+        the specialization cname and the original DefNode entry"""
+        fused_types = self._get_fused_base_types(fused_compound_types)
+        type_strings = [
+            PyrexTypes.specialization_signature_string(fused_type, f2s)
+                for fused_type in fused_types
+        ]
+
+        node.specialized_signature_string = '|'.join(type_strings)
+
+        node.entry.pymethdef_cname = PyrexTypes.get_fused_cname(
+                                        cname, node.entry.pymethdef_cname)
+        node.entry.doc = py_entry.doc
+        node.entry.doc_cname = py_entry.doc_cname
+
+    def replace_fused_typechecks(self, copied_node):
+        """
+        Branch-prune fused type checks like
+
+            if fused_t is int:
+                ...
+
+        Returns whether an error was issued and whether we should stop in
+        in order to prevent a flood of errors.
+        """
+        num_errors = Errors.num_errors
+        transform = ParseTreeTransforms.ReplaceFusedTypeChecks(
+                                       copied_node.local_scope)
+        transform(copied_node)
+
+        if Errors.num_errors > num_errors:
+            return False
+
+        return True
+
+    def _fused_instance_checks(self, normal_types, pyx_code, env):
+        """
+        Generate Cython code for instance checks, matching an object to
+        specialized types.
+        """
+        for specialized_type in normal_types:
+            # all_numeric = all_numeric and specialized_type.is_numeric
+            pyx_code.context.update(
+                py_type_name=specialized_type.py_type_name(),
+                specialized_type_name=specialized_type.specialization_string,
+            )
+            pyx_code.put_chunk(
+                u"""
+                    if isinstance(arg, {{py_type_name}}):
+                        dest_sig[{{dest_sig_idx}}] = '{{specialized_type_name}}'; break
+                """)
+
+    def _dtype_name(self, dtype):
+        if dtype.is_typedef:
+            return '___pyx_%s' % dtype
+        return str(dtype).replace(' ', '_')
+
+    def _dtype_type(self, dtype):
+        if dtype.is_typedef:
+            return self._dtype_name(dtype)
+        return str(dtype)
+
+    def _sizeof_dtype(self, dtype):
+        if dtype.is_pyobject:
+            return 'sizeof(void *)'
+        else:
+            return "sizeof(%s)" % self._dtype_type(dtype)
+
+    def _buffer_check_numpy_dtype_setup_cases(self, pyx_code):
+        "Setup some common cases to match dtypes against specializations"
+        if pyx_code.indenter("if kind in b'iu':"):
+            pyx_code.putln("pass")
+            pyx_code.named_insertion_point("dtype_int")
+            pyx_code.dedent()
+
+        if pyx_code.indenter("elif kind == b'f':"):
+            pyx_code.putln("pass")
+            pyx_code.named_insertion_point("dtype_float")
+            pyx_code.dedent()
+
+        if pyx_code.indenter("elif kind == b'c':"):
+            pyx_code.putln("pass")
+            pyx_code.named_insertion_point("dtype_complex")
+            pyx_code.dedent()
+
+        if pyx_code.indenter("elif kind == b'O':"):
+            pyx_code.putln("pass")
+            pyx_code.named_insertion_point("dtype_object")
+            pyx_code.dedent()
+
+    match = "dest_sig[{{dest_sig_idx}}] = '{{specialized_type_name}}'"
+    no_match = "dest_sig[{{dest_sig_idx}}] = None"
+    def _buffer_check_numpy_dtype(self, pyx_code, specialized_buffer_types, pythran_types):
+        """
+        Match a numpy dtype object to the individual specializations.
+        """
+        self._buffer_check_numpy_dtype_setup_cases(pyx_code)
+
+        for specialized_type in pythran_types+specialized_buffer_types:
+            final_type = specialized_type
+            if specialized_type.is_pythran_expr:
+                specialized_type = specialized_type.org_buffer
+            dtype = specialized_type.dtype
+            pyx_code.context.update(
+                itemsize_match=self._sizeof_dtype(dtype) + " == itemsize",
+                signed_match="not (%s_is_signed ^ dtype_signed)" % self._dtype_name(dtype),
+                dtype=dtype,
+                specialized_type_name=final_type.specialization_string)
+
+            dtypes = [
+                (dtype.is_int, pyx_code.dtype_int),
+                (dtype.is_float, pyx_code.dtype_float),
+                (dtype.is_complex, pyx_code.dtype_complex)
+            ]
+
+            for dtype_category, codewriter in dtypes:
+                if dtype_category:
+                    cond = '{{itemsize_match}} and (<Py_ssize_t>arg.ndim) == %d' % (
+                                                    specialized_type.ndim,)
+                    if dtype.is_int:
+                        cond += ' and {{signed_match}}'
+
+                    if final_type.is_pythran_expr:
+                        cond += ' and arg_is_pythran_compatible'
+
+                    if codewriter.indenter("if %s:" % cond):
+                        #codewriter.putln("print 'buffer match found based on numpy dtype'")
+                        codewriter.putln(self.match)
+                        codewriter.putln("break")
+                        codewriter.dedent()
+
+    def _buffer_parse_format_string_check(self, pyx_code, decl_code,
+                                          specialized_type, env):
+        """
+        For each specialized type, try to coerce the object to a memoryview
+        slice of that type. This means obtaining a buffer and parsing the
+        format string.
+        TODO: separate buffer acquisition from format parsing
+        """
+        dtype = specialized_type.dtype
+        if specialized_type.is_buffer:
+            axes = [('direct', 'strided')] * specialized_type.ndim
+        else:
+            axes = specialized_type.axes
+
+        memslice_type = PyrexTypes.MemoryViewSliceType(dtype, axes)
+        memslice_type.create_from_py_utility_code(env)
+        pyx_code.context.update(
+            coerce_from_py_func=memslice_type.from_py_function,
+            dtype=dtype)
+        decl_code.putln(
+            "{{memviewslice_cname}} {{coerce_from_py_func}}(object, int)")
+
+        pyx_code.context.update(
+            specialized_type_name=specialized_type.specialization_string,
+            sizeof_dtype=self._sizeof_dtype(dtype))
+
+        pyx_code.put_chunk(
+            u"""
+                # try {{dtype}}
+                if itemsize == -1 or itemsize == {{sizeof_dtype}}:
+                    memslice = {{coerce_from_py_func}}(arg, 0)
+                    if memslice.memview:
+                        __PYX_XDEC_MEMVIEW(&memslice, 1)
+                        # print 'found a match for the buffer through format parsing'
+                        %s
+                        break
+                    else:
+                        __pyx_PyErr_Clear()
+            """ % self.match)
+
+    def _buffer_checks(self, buffer_types, pythran_types, pyx_code, decl_code, env):
+        """
+        Generate Cython code to match objects to buffer specializations.
+        First try to get a numpy dtype object and match it against the individual
+        specializations. If that fails, try naively to coerce the object
+        to each specialization, which obtains the buffer each time and tries
+        to match the format string.
+        """
+        # The first thing to find a match in this loop breaks out of the loop
+        pyx_code.put_chunk(
+            u"""
+                """ + (u"arg_is_pythran_compatible = False" if pythran_types else u"") + u"""
+                if ndarray is not None:
+                    if isinstance(arg, ndarray):
+                        dtype = arg.dtype
+                        """ + (u"arg_is_pythran_compatible = True" if pythran_types else u"") + u"""
+                    elif __pyx_memoryview_check(arg):
+                        arg_base = arg.base
+                        if isinstance(arg_base, ndarray):
+                            dtype = arg_base.dtype
+                        else:
+                            dtype = None
+                    else:
+                        dtype = None
+
+                    itemsize = -1
+                    if dtype is not None:
+                        itemsize = dtype.itemsize
+                        kind = ord(dtype.kind)
+                        dtype_signed = kind == 'i'
+            """)
+        pyx_code.indent(2)
+        if pythran_types:
+            pyx_code.put_chunk(
+                u"""
+                        # Pythran only supports the endianness of the current compiler
+                        byteorder = dtype.byteorder
+                        if byteorder == "<" and not __Pyx_Is_Little_Endian():
+                            arg_is_pythran_compatible = False
+                        elif byteorder == ">" and __Pyx_Is_Little_Endian():
+                            arg_is_pythran_compatible = False
+                        if arg_is_pythran_compatible:
+                            cur_stride = itemsize
+                            shape = arg.shape
+                            strides = arg.strides
+                            for i in range(arg.ndim-1, -1, -1):
+                                if (<Py_ssize_t>strides[i]) != cur_stride:
+                                    arg_is_pythran_compatible = False
+                                    break
+                                cur_stride *= <Py_ssize_t> shape[i]
+                            else:
+                                arg_is_pythran_compatible = not (arg.flags.f_contiguous and (<Py_ssize_t>arg.ndim) > 1)
+                """)
+        pyx_code.named_insertion_point("numpy_dtype_checks")
+        self._buffer_check_numpy_dtype(pyx_code, buffer_types, pythran_types)
+        pyx_code.dedent(2)
+
+        for specialized_type in buffer_types:
+            self._buffer_parse_format_string_check(
+                    pyx_code, decl_code, specialized_type, env)
+
+    def _buffer_declarations(self, pyx_code, decl_code, all_buffer_types, pythran_types):
+        """
+        If we have any buffer specializations, write out some variable
+        declarations and imports.
+        """
+        decl_code.put_chunk(
+            u"""
+                ctypedef struct {{memviewslice_cname}}:
+                    void *memview
+
+                void __PYX_XDEC_MEMVIEW({{memviewslice_cname}} *, int have_gil)
+                bint __pyx_memoryview_check(object)
+            """)
+
+        pyx_code.local_variable_declarations.put_chunk(
+            u"""
+                cdef {{memviewslice_cname}} memslice
+                cdef Py_ssize_t itemsize
+                cdef bint dtype_signed
+                cdef char kind
+
+                itemsize = -1
+            """)
+
+        if pythran_types:
+            pyx_code.local_variable_declarations.put_chunk(u"""
+                cdef bint arg_is_pythran_compatible
+                cdef Py_ssize_t cur_stride
+            """)
+
+        pyx_code.imports.put_chunk(
+            u"""
+                cdef type ndarray
+                ndarray = __Pyx_ImportNumPyArrayTypeIfAvailable()
+            """)
+
+        seen_typedefs = set()
+        seen_int_dtypes = set()
+        for buffer_type in all_buffer_types:
+            dtype = buffer_type.dtype
+            dtype_name = self._dtype_name(dtype)
+            if dtype.is_typedef:
+                if dtype_name not in seen_typedefs:
+                    seen_typedefs.add(dtype_name)
+                    decl_code.putln(
+                        'ctypedef %s %s "%s"' % (dtype.resolve(), dtype_name,
+                                                 dtype.empty_declaration_code()))
+
+            if buffer_type.dtype.is_int:
+                if str(dtype) not in seen_int_dtypes:
+                    seen_int_dtypes.add(str(dtype))
+                    pyx_code.context.update(dtype_name=dtype_name,
+                                            dtype_type=self._dtype_type(dtype))
+                    pyx_code.local_variable_declarations.put_chunk(
+                        u"""
+                            cdef bint {{dtype_name}}_is_signed
+                            {{dtype_name}}_is_signed = not (<{{dtype_type}}> -1 > 0)
+                        """)
+
+    def _split_fused_types(self, arg):
+        """
+        Specialize fused types and split into normal types and buffer types.
+        """
+        specialized_types = PyrexTypes.get_specialized_types(arg.type)
+
+        # Prefer long over int, etc by sorting (see type classes in PyrexTypes.py)
+        specialized_types.sort()
+
+        seen_py_type_names = set()
+        normal_types, buffer_types, pythran_types = [], [], []
+        has_object_fallback = False
+        for specialized_type in specialized_types:
+            py_type_name = specialized_type.py_type_name()
+            if py_type_name:
+                if py_type_name in seen_py_type_names:
+                    continue
+                seen_py_type_names.add(py_type_name)
+                if py_type_name == 'object':
+                    has_object_fallback = True
+                else:
+                    normal_types.append(specialized_type)
+            elif specialized_type.is_pythran_expr:
+                pythran_types.append(specialized_type)
+            elif specialized_type.is_buffer or specialized_type.is_memoryviewslice:
+                buffer_types.append(specialized_type)
+
+        return normal_types, buffer_types, pythran_types, has_object_fallback
+
+    def _unpack_argument(self, pyx_code):
+        pyx_code.put_chunk(
+            u"""
+                # PROCESSING ARGUMENT {{arg_tuple_idx}}
+                if {{arg_tuple_idx}} < len(<tuple>args):
+                    arg = (<tuple>args)[{{arg_tuple_idx}}]
+                elif kwargs is not None and '{{arg.name}}' in <dict>kwargs:
+                    arg = (<dict>kwargs)['{{arg.name}}']
+                else:
+                {{if arg.default}}
+                    arg = (<tuple>defaults)[{{default_idx}}]
+                {{else}}
+                    {{if arg_tuple_idx < min_positional_args}}
+                        raise TypeError("Expected at least %d argument%s, got %d" % (
+                            {{min_positional_args}}, {{'"s"' if min_positional_args != 1 else '""'}}, len(<tuple>args)))
+                    {{else}}
+                        raise TypeError("Missing keyword-only argument: '%s'" % "{{arg.default}}")
+                    {{endif}}
+                {{endif}}
+            """)
+
+    def make_fused_cpdef(self, orig_py_func, env, is_def):
+        """
+        This creates the function that is indexable from Python and does
+        runtime dispatch based on the argument types. The function gets the
+        arg tuple and kwargs dict (or None) and the defaults tuple
+        as arguments from the Binding Fused Function's tp_call.
+        """
+        from . import TreeFragment, Code, UtilityCode
+
+        fused_types = self._get_fused_base_types([
+            arg.type for arg in self.node.args if arg.type.is_fused])
+
+        context = {
+            'memviewslice_cname': MemoryView.memviewslice_cname,
+            'func_args': self.node.args,
+            'n_fused': len(fused_types),
+            'min_positional_args':
+                self.node.num_required_args - self.node.num_required_kw_args
+                if is_def else
+                sum(1 for arg in self.node.args if arg.default is None),
+            'name': orig_py_func.entry.name,
+        }
+
+        pyx_code = Code.PyxCodeWriter(context=context)
+        decl_code = Code.PyxCodeWriter(context=context)
+        decl_code.put_chunk(
+            u"""
+                cdef extern from *:
+                    void __pyx_PyErr_Clear "PyErr_Clear" ()
+                    type __Pyx_ImportNumPyArrayTypeIfAvailable()
+                    int __Pyx_Is_Little_Endian()
+            """)
+        decl_code.indent()
+
+        pyx_code.put_chunk(
+            u"""
+                def __pyx_fused_cpdef(signatures, args, kwargs, defaults):
+                    # FIXME: use a typed signature - currently fails badly because
+                    #        default arguments inherit the types we specify here!
+
+                    dest_sig = [None] * {{n_fused}}
+
+                    if kwargs is not None and not kwargs:
+                        kwargs = None
+
+                    cdef Py_ssize_t i
+
+                    # instance check body
+            """)
+
+        pyx_code.indent() # indent following code to function body
+        pyx_code.named_insertion_point("imports")
+        pyx_code.named_insertion_point("func_defs")
+        pyx_code.named_insertion_point("local_variable_declarations")
+
+        fused_index = 0
+        default_idx = 0
+        all_buffer_types = OrderedSet()
+        seen_fused_types = set()
+        for i, arg in enumerate(self.node.args):
+            if arg.type.is_fused:
+                arg_fused_types = arg.type.get_fused_types()
+                if len(arg_fused_types) > 1:
+                    raise NotImplementedError("Determination of more than one fused base "
+                                              "type per argument is not implemented.")
+                fused_type = arg_fused_types[0]
+
+            if arg.type.is_fused and fused_type not in seen_fused_types:
+                seen_fused_types.add(fused_type)
+
+                context.update(
+                    arg_tuple_idx=i,
+                    arg=arg,
+                    dest_sig_idx=fused_index,
+                    default_idx=default_idx,
+                )
+
+                normal_types, buffer_types, pythran_types, has_object_fallback = self._split_fused_types(arg)
+                self._unpack_argument(pyx_code)
+
+                # 'unrolled' loop, first match breaks out of it
+                if pyx_code.indenter("while 1:"):
+                    if normal_types:
+                        self._fused_instance_checks(normal_types, pyx_code, env)
+                    if buffer_types or pythran_types:
+                        env.use_utility_code(Code.UtilityCode.load_cached("IsLittleEndian", "ModuleSetupCode.c"))
+                        self._buffer_checks(buffer_types, pythran_types, pyx_code, decl_code, env)
+                    if has_object_fallback:
+                        pyx_code.context.update(specialized_type_name='object')
+                        pyx_code.putln(self.match)
+                    else:
+                        pyx_code.putln(self.no_match)
+                    pyx_code.putln("break")
+                    pyx_code.dedent()
+
+                fused_index += 1
+                all_buffer_types.update(buffer_types)
+                all_buffer_types.update(ty.org_buffer for ty in pythran_types)
+
+            if arg.default:
+                default_idx += 1
+
+        if all_buffer_types:
+            self._buffer_declarations(pyx_code, decl_code, all_buffer_types, pythran_types)
+            env.use_utility_code(Code.UtilityCode.load_cached("Import", "ImportExport.c"))
+            env.use_utility_code(Code.UtilityCode.load_cached("ImportNumPyArray", "ImportExport.c"))
+
+        pyx_code.put_chunk(
+            u"""
+                candidates = []
+                for sig in <dict>signatures:
+                    match_found = False
+                    src_sig = sig.strip('()').split('|')
+                    for i in range(len(dest_sig)):
+                        dst_type = dest_sig[i]
+                        if dst_type is not None:
+                            if src_sig[i] == dst_type:
+                                match_found = True
+                            else:
+                                match_found = False
+                                break
+
+                    if match_found:
+                        candidates.append(sig)
+
+                if not candidates:
+                    raise TypeError("No matching signature found")
+                elif len(candidates) > 1:
+                    raise TypeError("Function call with ambiguous argument types")
+                else:
+                    return (<dict>signatures)[candidates[0]]
+            """)
+
+        fragment_code = pyx_code.getvalue()
+        # print decl_code.getvalue()
+        # print fragment_code
+        from .Optimize import ConstantFolding
+        fragment = TreeFragment.TreeFragment(
+            fragment_code, level='module', pipeline=[ConstantFolding()])
+        ast = TreeFragment.SetPosTransform(self.node.pos)(fragment.root)
+        UtilityCode.declare_declarations_in_scope(
+            decl_code.getvalue(), env.global_scope())
+        ast.scope = env
+        # FIXME: for static methods of cdef classes, we build the wrong signature here: first arg becomes 'self'
+        ast.analyse_declarations(env)
+        py_func = ast.stats[-1]  # the DefNode
+        self.fragment_scope = ast.scope
+
+        if isinstance(self.node, DefNode):
+            py_func.specialized_cpdefs = self.nodes[:]
+        else:
+            py_func.specialized_cpdefs = [n.py_func for n in self.nodes]
+
+        return py_func
+
+    def update_fused_defnode_entry(self, env):
+        copy_attributes = (
+            'name', 'pos', 'cname', 'func_cname', 'pyfunc_cname',
+            'pymethdef_cname', 'doc', 'doc_cname', 'is_member',
+            'scope'
+        )
+
+        entry = self.py_func.entry
+
+        for attr in copy_attributes:
+            setattr(entry, attr,
+                    getattr(self.orig_py_func.entry, attr))
+
+        self.py_func.name = self.orig_py_func.name
+        self.py_func.doc = self.orig_py_func.doc
+
+        env.entries.pop('__pyx_fused_cpdef', None)
+        if isinstance(self.node, DefNode):
+            env.entries[entry.name] = entry
+        else:
+            env.entries[entry.name].as_variable = entry
+
+        env.pyfunc_entries.append(entry)
+
+        self.py_func.entry.fused_cfunction = self
+        for node in self.nodes:
+            if isinstance(self.node, DefNode):
+                node.fused_py_func = self.py_func
+            else:
+                node.py_func.fused_py_func = self.py_func
+                node.entry.as_variable = entry
+
+        self.synthesize_defnodes()
+        self.stats.append(self.__signatures__)
+
+    def analyse_expressions(self, env):
+        """
+        Analyse the expressions. Take care to only evaluate default arguments
+        once and clone the result for all specializations
+        """
+        for fused_compound_type in self.fused_compound_types:
+            for fused_type in fused_compound_type.get_fused_types():
+                for specialization_type in fused_type.types:
+                    if specialization_type.is_complex:
+                        specialization_type.create_declaration_utility_code(env)
+
+        if self.py_func:
+            self.__signatures__ = self.__signatures__.analyse_expressions(env)
+            self.py_func = self.py_func.analyse_expressions(env)
+            self.resulting_fused_function = self.resulting_fused_function.analyse_expressions(env)
+            self.fused_func_assignment = self.fused_func_assignment.analyse_expressions(env)
+
+        self.defaults = defaults = []
+
+        for arg in self.node.args:
+            if arg.default:
+                arg.default = arg.default.analyse_expressions(env)
+                defaults.append(ProxyNode(arg.default))
+            else:
+                defaults.append(None)
+
+        for i, stat in enumerate(self.stats):
+            stat = self.stats[i] = stat.analyse_expressions(env)
+            if isinstance(stat, FuncDefNode):
+                for arg, default in zip(stat.args, defaults):
+                    if default is not None:
+                        arg.default = CloneNode(default).coerce_to(arg.type, env)
+
+        if self.py_func:
+            args = [CloneNode(default) for default in defaults if default]
+            self.defaults_tuple = TupleNode(self.pos, args=args)
+            self.defaults_tuple = self.defaults_tuple.analyse_types(env, skip_children=True).coerce_to_pyobject(env)
+            self.defaults_tuple = ProxyNode(self.defaults_tuple)
+            self.code_object = ProxyNode(self.specialized_pycfuncs[0].code_object)
+
+            fused_func = self.resulting_fused_function.arg
+            fused_func.defaults_tuple = CloneNode(self.defaults_tuple)
+            fused_func.code_object = CloneNode(self.code_object)
+
+            for i, pycfunc in enumerate(self.specialized_pycfuncs):
+                pycfunc.code_object = CloneNode(self.code_object)
+                pycfunc = self.specialized_pycfuncs[i] = pycfunc.analyse_types(env)
+                pycfunc.defaults_tuple = CloneNode(self.defaults_tuple)
+        return self
+
+    def synthesize_defnodes(self):
+        """
+        Create the __signatures__ dict of PyCFunctionNode specializations.
+        """
+        if isinstance(self.nodes[0], CFuncDefNode):
+            nodes = [node.py_func for node in self.nodes]
+        else:
+            nodes = self.nodes
+
+        signatures = [StringEncoding.EncodedString(node.specialized_signature_string)
+                      for node in nodes]
+        keys = [ExprNodes.StringNode(node.pos, value=sig)
+                for node, sig in zip(nodes, signatures)]
+        values = [ExprNodes.PyCFunctionNode.from_defnode(node, binding=True)
+                  for node in nodes]
+
+        self.__signatures__ = ExprNodes.DictNode.from_pairs(self.pos, zip(keys, values))
+
+        self.specialized_pycfuncs = values
+        for pycfuncnode in values:
+            pycfuncnode.is_specialization = True
+
+    def generate_function_definitions(self, env, code):
+        if self.py_func:
+            self.py_func.pymethdef_required = True
+            self.fused_func_assignment.generate_function_definitions(env, code)
+
+        for stat in self.stats:
+            if isinstance(stat, FuncDefNode) and stat.entry.used:
+                code.mark_pos(stat.pos)
+                stat.generate_function_definitions(env, code)
+
+    def generate_execution_code(self, code):
+        # Note: all def function specialization are wrapped in PyCFunction
+        # nodes in the self.__signatures__ dictnode.
+        for default in self.defaults:
+            if default is not None:
+                default.generate_evaluation_code(code)
+
+        if self.py_func:
+            self.defaults_tuple.generate_evaluation_code(code)
+            self.code_object.generate_evaluation_code(code)
+
+        for stat in self.stats:
+            code.mark_pos(stat.pos)
+            if isinstance(stat, ExprNodes.ExprNode):
+                stat.generate_evaluation_code(code)
+            else:
+                stat.generate_execution_code(code)
+
+        if self.__signatures__:
+            self.resulting_fused_function.generate_evaluation_code(code)
+
+            code.putln(
+                "((__pyx_FusedFunctionObject *) %s)->__signatures__ = %s;" %
+                                    (self.resulting_fused_function.result(),
+                                     self.__signatures__.result()))
+            code.put_giveref(self.__signatures__.result())
+            self.__signatures__.generate_post_assignment_code(code)
+            self.__signatures__.free_temps(code)
+
+            self.fused_func_assignment.generate_execution_code(code)
+
+            # Dispose of results
+            self.resulting_fused_function.generate_disposal_code(code)
+            self.resulting_fused_function.free_temps(code)
+            self.defaults_tuple.generate_disposal_code(code)
+            self.defaults_tuple.free_temps(code)
+            self.code_object.generate_disposal_code(code)
+            self.code_object.free_temps(code)
+
+        for default in self.defaults:
+            if default is not None:
+                default.generate_disposal_code(code)
+                default.free_temps(code)
+
+    def annotate(self, code):
+        for stat in self.stats:
+            stat.annotate(code)