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<title>Gradient Cuff | Gradient Cuff: Detecting Jailbreak Attacks on Large Language Models by |
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Exploring Refusal Loss Landscapes </title> |
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<a id="skip-to-content" href="#content">Skip to the content.</a> |
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<header class="page-header" role="banner"> |
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<h1 class="project-name">Gradient Cuff</h1> |
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<h2 class="project-tagline">Gradient Cuff: Detecting Jailbreak Attacks on Large Language Models by Exploring Refusal Loss Landscapes</h2> |
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</header> |
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<main id="content" class="main-content" role="main"> |
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<h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2> |
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<p>Neural network calibration is an essential task in deep learning to ensure consistency |
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between the confidence of model prediction and the true correctness likelihood. In this |
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demonstration, we first visualize the idea of neural network calibration on a binary |
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classifier and show model features that represent its calibration. Second, we introduce |
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our proposed framework <strong>Neural Clamping</strong>, which employs a simple joint input-output |
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transformation on a pre-trained classifier. We also provide other calibration approaches |
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(e.g., temperature scaling) to compare with Neural Clamping.</p> |
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<h2 id="what-is-jailbreak">What is Calibration?</h2> |
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<p>Neural Network Calibration seeks to make model prediction align with its true correctness likelihood. |
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A well-calibrated model should provide accurate predictions and reliable confidence when making inferences. On the |
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contrary, a poor calibration model would have a wide gap between its accuracy and average confidence level. |
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This phenomenon could hamper scenarios requiring accurate uncertainty estimation, such as safety-related tasks |
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(e.g., autonomous driving systems, medical diagnosis, etc.).</p> |
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<div class="container"> |
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<div id="jailbreak-intro" class="row align-items-center jailbreak-intro-sec"> |
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<img id="jailbreak-intro-img" src="https://hsiung.cc/NCTV/images/conf_acc_demo.gif" /> |
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</div> |
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</div> |
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<h3 id="refusal-loss">Calibration Metrics</h3> |
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<p>Objectively, researchers utilize <strong>Calibration Metrics</strong> to measure the calibration error for a model, for example, |
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Expected Calibration Error (ECE), Static Calibration Error (SCE), Adaptive Calibration Error (ACE), etc.</p> |
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<div class="container jailbreak-intro-sec"> |
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<div><img id="jailbreak-intro-img" src="images/metrics/intro-metric-example.png" /></div> |
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</div> |
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<div id="refusal-loss-formula" class="container"> |
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<div id="refusal-loss-formula-list" class="row align-items-center formula-list"> |
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<a href="#ECE-formula" class="selected">Refusal Loss</a> |
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<a href="#SCE-formula">Refusal Loss Approximation</a> |
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<a href="#ACE-formula">Gradient Estimation</a> |
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<div style="clear: both"></div> |
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</div> |
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<div id="refusal-loss-formula-content" class="row align-items-center"> |
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<span id="ECE-formula" class="formula" style="">$$\displaystyle \phi_\theta(x)=1-\mathbb{E}_{y \sim T_\theta(x)} JB(y)$$</span> |
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<span id="SCE-formula" class="formula" style="display: none;">$$\displaystyle f_\theta(x)=1-\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^N JB(y_i)$$</span> |
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<span id="ACE-formula" class="formula" style="display: none;">$$\displaystyle g_\theta(x)=\sum_{i=1}^P \frac{f_\theta(x\oplus \mu u_i)-f_\theta(x)}{\mu} u_i $$</span> |
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</div> |
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</div> |
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<h2 id="proposed-approach-gradient-cuff">Proposed Approach: Gradient Cuff</h2> |
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<div class="container"><img id="gradient-cuff-header" src="images/header.png" /></div> |
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<h2 id="demonstration">Demonstration</h2> |
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<p>In the current research, a reliability diagram is drawn to show the calibration performance of a model. However, since |
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reliability diagrams often only provide fixed bar graphs statically, further explanation from the chart is limited. In |
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this demonstration, we show how to make reliability diagrams interactive and insightful to help researchers and |
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developers gain more insights from the graph. Specifically, we provide three CIFAR-100 classification models |
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in this demonstration. Multiple Bin numbers are also support</p> |
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<p>We hope this tool could also facilitate the development process.</p> |
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<div id="jailbreak-demo" class="container"> |
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<div class="row align-items-center"> |
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<div class="row" style="margin: 10px 0 0"> |
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<div class="models-list"> |
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<span style="margin-right: 1em;">Models</span> |
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<span class="radio-group"><input type="radio" id="LLaMA2" class="options" name="models" value="llama2_7b_chat" checked="" /><label for="LLaMA2" class="option-label">LLaMA-2-7B-Chat</label></span> |
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<span class="radio-group"><input type="radio" id="Vicuna" class="options" name="models" value="vicuna_7b_v1.5" /><label for="Vicuna" class="option-label">Vicuna-7B-V1.5</label></span> |
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</div> |
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</div> |
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</div> |
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<div class="row align-items-center"> |
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<div class="col-4"> |
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<div id="defense-methods"> |
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<div class="row align-items-center"><input type="radio" id="defense_ppl" class="options" name="defense" value="ppl" /><label for="defense_ppl" class="defense">Perplexity Filter</label></div> |
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<div class="row align-items-center"><input type="radio" id="defense_smoothllm" class="options" name="defense" value="smoothllm" /><label for="defense_smoothllm" class="defense">SmoothLLM</label></div> |
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<div class="row align-items-center"><input type="radio" id="defense_erase_check" class="options" name="defense" value="erase_check" /><label for="defense_erase_check" class="defense">Erase-Check</label></div> |
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<div class="row align-items-center"><input type="radio" id="defense_self_reminder" class="options" name="defense" value="self_reminder" /><label for="defense_self_reminder" class="defense">Self-Reminder</label></div> |
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<div class="row align-items-center"><input type="radio" id="defense_gradient_cuff" class="options" name="defense" value="gradient_cuff" /><label for="defense_gradient_cuff" class="defense"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Gradient Cuff</span></label></div> |
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</div> |
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<div class="row align-items-center"> |
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<div class="legend"><img src="images/demo-legend.png" alt="legend" /></div> |
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</div> |
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<div class="row align-items-center"> |
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<div class="attack-success-rate"><span class="jailbreak-metric">Average Malicious Refusal Rate</span><span class="attack-success-rate-value" id="asr-value">0.10731</span></div> |
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</div> |
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<div class="row align-items-center"> |
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<div class="benign-refusal-rate"><span class="jailbreak-metric">Benign Refusal Rate</span><span class="benign-refusal-rate-value" id="brr-value">0.10721</span></div> |
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</div> |
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</div> |
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<div class="col-8"> |
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<figure class="figure"> |
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<img id="reliability-diagram" src="images/cifar100/resnet110/none/bin15.png" alt="CIFAR-100 Calibrated Reliability Diagram (Full)" /> |
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<div class="slider-container"> |
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<div class="slider-label"><span>Perplexity Threshold</span></div> |
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<div class="slider-content" id="ppl-slider"><div id="ppl-threshold" class="ui-slider-handle"></div></div> |
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</div> |
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<div class="slider-container"> |
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<div class="slider-label"><span>Gradient Threshold</span></div> |
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<div class="slider-content" id="gradient-norm-slider"><div id="gradient-norm-threshold" class="slider-value ui-slider-handle"></div></div> |
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</div> |
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<figcaption class="figure-caption"> |
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</figcaption> |
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</figure> |
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</div> |
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</div> |
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</div> |
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<h2 id="citations">Citations</h2> |
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<p>If you find Neural Clamping helpful and useful for your research, please cite our main paper as follows:</p> |
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<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>@inproceedings{hsiung2023nctv, |
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title={{NCTV: Gradient Cuff: Detecting Jailbreak Attacks on Large Language Models by Exploring Refusal Loss Landscapes}}, |
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author={Lei Hsiung, Yung-Chen Tang and Pin-Yu Chen and Tsung-Yi Ho}, |
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booktitle={Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, |
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publisher={Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence}, |
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year={2023}, |
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month={February} |
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} |
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@misc{tang2022neural_clamping, |
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title={{Neural Clamping: Joint Input Perturbation and Temperature Scaling for Neural Network Calibration}}, |
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author={Yung-Chen Tang and Pin-Yu Chen and Tsung-Yi Ho}, |
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year={2022}, |
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eprint={2209.11604}, |
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archivePrefix={arXiv}, |
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primaryClass={cs.LG} |
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} |
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</code></pre></div></div> |
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<span class="site-footer-owner">NCTV is maintained by <a href="https://hsiung.cc">Lei Hsiung</a> and <a href="https://github.com/yungchentang">Yung-Chen Tang</a>.</span> |
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