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Signed-off-by: Lei Hsiung <leihsiung.ray@gmail.com>

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README.md CHANGED
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  ---
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- title: "Nerfies: Deformable Neural Radiance Fields"
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  emoji: 🧠
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  colorTo: indigo
 
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+ title: NeuralFuse
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- content="Deformable Neural Radiance Fields creates free-viewpoint portraits (nerfies) from casually captured videos.">
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- <meta name="keywords" content="Nerfies, D-NeRF, NeRF">
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- <title>Nerfies: Deformable Neural Radiance Fields</title>
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  <div class="container is-max-desktop">
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- <h1 class="title is-1 publication-title">Nerfies: Deformable Neural Radiance Fields</h1>
 
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  <div class="is-size-5 publication-authors">
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  <span class="author-block">
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- <a href="https://keunhong.com" target="_blank">Keunhong Park</a><sup>1</sup>,</span>
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  <span class="author-block">
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- <a href="https://utkarshsinha.com" target="_blank">Utkarsh Sinha</a><sup>2</sup>,</span>
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  <span class="author-block">
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- <a href="https://jonbarron.info" target="_blank">Jonathan T. Barron</a><sup>2</sup>,
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  </span>
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  <span class="author-block">
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- <a href="http://sofienbouaziz.com" target="_blank">Sofien Bouaziz</a><sup>2</sup>,
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  </span>
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  <span class="author-block">
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- <a href="https://www.danbgoldman.com" target="_blank">Dan B Goldman</a><sup>2</sup>,
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- </span>
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- <span class="author-block">
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- <a href="https://homes.cs.washington.edu/~seitz/" target="_blank">Steven M. Seitz</a><sup>1,2</sup>,
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- </span>
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- <span class="author-block">
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- <a href="http://www.ricardomartinbrualla.com" target="_blank">Ricardo Martin-Brualla</a><sup>2</sup>
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  </span>
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  </div>
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  <div class="is-size-5 publication-authors">
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- <span class="author-block"><sup>1</sup>University of Washington,</span>
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- <span class="author-block"><sup>2</sup>Google Research</span>
 
 
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- </span>
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- <span>Paper</span>
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  <span>arXiv</span>
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- <a href="https://github.com/google/nerfies" target="_blank"
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  <span>Code</span>
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  <h2 class="subtitle has-text-centered">
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- <span class="dnerf">Nerfies</span> turns selfie videos from your phone into
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- free-viewpoint
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- portraits.
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  </h2>
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  <!-- Abstract. -->
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  <h2 class="title is-3">Abstract</h2>
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  <div class="content has-text-justified">
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  <p>
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- We present the first method capable of photorealistically reconstructing a non-rigidly
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- deforming scene using photos/videos captured casually from mobile phones.
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- </p>
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- <p>
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- Our approach augments neural radiance fields
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- (NeRF) by optimizing an
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- additional continuous volumetric deformation field that warps each observed point into a
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- canonical 5D NeRF.
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- We observe that these NeRF-like deformation fields are prone to local minima, and
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- propose a coarse-to-fine optimization method for coordinate-based models that allows for
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- more robust optimization.
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- By adapting principles from geometry processing and physical simulation to NeRF-like
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- models, we propose an elastic regularization of the deformation field that further
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- improves robustness.
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  </p>
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  <p>
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- We show that <span class="dnerf">Nerfies</span> can turn casually captured selfie
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- photos/videos into deformable NeRF
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- models that allow for photorealistic renderings of the subject from arbitrary
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- viewpoints, which we dub <i>"nerfies"</i>. We evaluate our method by collecting data
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- using a
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- rig with two mobile phones that take time-synchronized photos, yielding train/validation
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- images of the same pose at different viewpoints. We show that our method faithfully
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- reconstructs non-rigidly deforming scenes and reproduces unseen views with high
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- fidelity.
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  </p>
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  </div>
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  </div>
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  </div>
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  <!--/ Abstract. -->
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-
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- <!-- Paper video. -->
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- <div class="column is-four-fifths">
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- <h2 class="title is-3">Video</h2>
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- <div class="publication-video">
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- <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/MrKrnHhk8IA?rel=0&amp;showinfo=0"
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- frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe>
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- </div>
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- <!--/ Paper video. -->
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  </section>
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-
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- <h2 class="title is-3">Visual Effects</h2>
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- <p>
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- Using <i>nerfies</i> you can create fun visual effects. This Dolly zoom effect
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- would be impossible without nerfies since it would require going through a wall.
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- </p>
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- <video id="dollyzoom" autoplay controls muted loop playsinline height="100%">
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- type="video/mp4">
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- </video>
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- </div>
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- </div>
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- <!--/ Visual Effects. -->
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-
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- <!-- Matting. -->
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- <h2 class="title is-3">Matting</h2>
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- <div class="columns is-centered">
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- <div class="column content">
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- <p>
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- As a byproduct of our method, we can also solve the matting problem by ignoring
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- samples that fall outside of a bounding box during rendering.
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- <video id="matting-video" controls playsinline height="100%">
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- </div>
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- <!--/ Matting. -->
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-
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- <h2 class="title is-3">Animation</h2>
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-
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- <!-- Interpolating. -->
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- <h3 class="title is-4">Interpolating states</h3>
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- <div class="content has-text-justified">
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- <p>
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- We can also animate the scene by interpolating the deformation latent codes of two input
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- frames. Use the slider here to linearly interpolate between the left frame and the right
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- frame.
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  </p>
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  </div>
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- <div class="columns is-vcentered interpolation-panel">
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- <div class="column is-3 has-text-centered">
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- <img src="./static/images/interpolate_start.jpg"
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- class="interpolation-image"
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- alt="Interpolate start reference image."/>
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- <p>Start Frame</p>
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- <div class="column interpolation-video-column">
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- <div id="interpolation-image-wrapper">
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- Loading...
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- alt="Interpolation end reference image."/>
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- <p class="is-bold">End Frame</p>
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- <br/>
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- <!--/ Interpolating. -->
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-
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- <!-- Re-rendering. -->
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- <h3 class="title is-4">Re-rendering the input video</h3>
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- <div class="content has-text-justified">
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- <p>
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- Using <span class="dnerf">Nerfies</span>, you can re-render a video from a novel
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- viewpoint such as a stabilized camera by playing back the training deformations.
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- <div class="content has-text-centered">
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- <video id="replay-video"
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- controls
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- preload
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- type="video/mp4">
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- </video>
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  </div>
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- <!--/ Re-rendering. -->
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-
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- </div>
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- <!--/ Animation. -->
 
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- <!-- Concurrent Work. -->
 
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- <h2 class="title is-3">Related Links</h2>
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-
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  <div class="content has-text-justified">
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  <p>
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- There's a lot of excellent work that was introduced around the same time as ours.
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- </p>
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- <p>
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- <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.09125" target="_blank">Progressive Encoding for Neural Optimization</a> introduces an idea similar to our windowed position encoding for coarse-to-fine optimization.
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- </p>
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- <p>
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- <a href="https://www.albertpumarola.com/research/D-NeRF/index.html" target="_blank">D-NeRF</a> and <a href="https://gvv.mpi-inf.mpg.de/projects/nonrigid_nerf/" target="_blank">NR-NeRF</a>
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- both use deformation fields to model non-rigid scenes.
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- </p>
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- <p>
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- Some works model videos with a NeRF by directly modulating the density, such as <a href="https://video-nerf.github.io/" target="_blank">Video-NeRF</a>, <a href="https://www.cs.cornell.edu/~zl548/NSFF/" target="_blank">NSFF</a>, and <a href="https://neural-3d-video.github.io/" target="_blank">DyNeRF</a>
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- </p>
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- <p>
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- There are probably many more by the time you are reading this. Check out <a href="https://dellaert.github.io/NeRF/" target="_blank">Frank Dellart's survey on recent NeRF papers</a>, and <a href="https://github.com/yenchenlin/awesome-NeRF" target="_blank">Yen-Chen Lin's curated list of NeRF papers</a>.
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  </p>
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- <!--/ Concurrent Work. -->
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  <section class="section" id="BibTeX">
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  <div class="container is-max-desktop content">
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  <h2 class="title">BibTeX</h2>
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- <pre><code>@article{park2021nerfies,
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- author = {Park, Keunhong and Sinha, Utkarsh and Barron, Jonathan T. and Bouaziz, Sofien and Goldman, Dan B and Seitz, Steven M. and Martin-Brualla, Ricardo},
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- title = {Nerfies: Deformable Neural Radiance Fields},
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- journal = {ICCV},
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- year = {2021},
 
 
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  }</code></pre>
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  </div>
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  </section>
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  <footer class="footer">
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  <div class="container">
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  <div class="content has-text-centered">
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- <a class="icon-link" target="_blank"
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- href="./static/videos/nerfies_paper.pdf">
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  <i class="fas fa-file-pdf"></i>
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  </a>
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- <a class="icon-link" href="https://github.com/keunhong" target="_blank" class="external-link" disabled>
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  <i class="fab fa-github"></i>
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  </a>
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  </div>
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  <div class="column is-8">
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  <div class="content">
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  <p>
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- This website is licensed under a <a rel="license" target="_blank"
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- href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative
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- Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.
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- </p>
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- <p>
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- This means you are free to borrow the <a target="_blank"
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- href="https://github.com/nerfies/nerfies.github.io">source code</a> of this website,
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- we just ask that you link back to this page in the footer.
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- Please remember to remove the analytics code included in the header of the website which
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- you do not want on your website.
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  </div>
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  </div>
 
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  <meta name="description"
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+ content="NeuralFuse provides model-independent protection for AI accelerators built on a chip, allowing them to maintain stable performance when suffering low-voltage-induced bit errors.">
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+ <meta name="keywords" content="machine learning, energy efficient inference, bit error resilience">
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  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
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+ <title>NeuralFuse: Learning to Recover the Accuracy of Access-Limited Neural Network Inference in Low-Voltage Regimes</title>
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  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Google+Sans|Noto+Sans|Castoro"
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  <link rel="stylesheet" href="./static/css/index.css">
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  <div class="container is-max-desktop">
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+ <h1 class="title is-1 publication-title">✨NeuralFuse✨</h1>
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+ <h1 class="title publication-subtitle">Learning to Recover the Accuracy of Access-Limited Neural Network Inference in Low-Voltage Regimes</h1>
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  <div class="is-size-5 publication-authors">
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  <span class="author-block">
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+ <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=g2MolmMAAAAJ&hl=en" target="_blank">Hao-Lun Sun</a><sup>1</sup>,</span>
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  <span class="author-block">
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+ <a href="https://hsiung.cc" target="_blank">Lei Hsiung</a><sup>2</sup>,</span>
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  <span class="author-block">
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+ <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qurg568AAAAJ&hl=en" target="_blank">Nandhini Chandramoorthy</a><sup>3</sup>,
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  </span>
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  <span class="author-block">
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+ <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/pinyuchenpage/home" target="_blank">Pin-Yu Chen</a><sup>3</sup>,
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  </span>
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  <span class="author-block">
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+ <a href="https://tsungyiho.github.io" target="_blank">Tsung-Yi Ho</a><sup>4</sup>,
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ <span class="author-block"><sup>1</sup>National Tsing Hua University</span>
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+ <span class="author-block"><sup>2</sup>Dartmouth College</span>
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+ <span class="author-block"><sup>3</sup>IBM Research</span>
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+ <span class="author-block"><sup>4</sup>CUHK</span>
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+ <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.16869" target="_blank"
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  <span>arXiv</span>
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  </a>
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  </span>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  <!-- Code Link. -->
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  <span class="link-block">
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+ <a href="https://github.com/IBM/NeuralFuse" target="_blank"
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+ <img id="teaser" src="./static/images/teaser.png"
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+ class=""
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+ alt="NeuralFuse Teaser"/>
 
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  <h2 class="subtitle has-text-centered">
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+ The pipeline of the <span class="small_caps">NeuralFuse</span> framework at inference.
 
 
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  <h2 class="title is-3">Abstract</h2>
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+ Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become ubiquitous in machine learning, but their energy consumption remains problematically high. An effective strategy for reducing such consumption is supply-voltage reduction, but if done too aggressively, it can lead to accuracy degradation. This is due to random bit-flips in static random access memory (SRAM), where model parameters are stored.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  <p>
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+ To address this challenge, we have developed <span class="small_caps">NeuralFuse</span>, a novel add-on module that handles the energy-accuracy tradeoff in low-voltage regimes by learning input transformations and using them to generate error-resistant data representations, thereby protecting DNN accuracy in both nominal and low-voltage scenarios. As well as being easy to implement, NeuralFuse can be readily applied to DNNs with limited access, such cloud-based APIs that are accessed remotely or non-configurable hardware. Our experimental results demonstrate that, at a 1% bit-error rate, NeuralFuse can reduce SRAM access energy by up to 24% while recovering accuracy by up to 57%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach to addressing low-voltage-induced bit errors that requires no model retraining.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  <div class="container is-max-desktop">
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  <div class="column is-full-width">
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+ <h2 class="title is-3">Our Contributions</h2>
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+ <div class="content has-text-justified highlight-box">
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+ <p><span class="contribution-subtitle">Boosts DNN Accuracy Under Low Power</span>
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+ <span class="small_caps">NeuralFuse</span> improves the accuracy of deep neural networks (DNNs) operating in low-power environments with random bit errors, without needing to retrain the models.
 
 
 
 
 
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  </p>
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  </div>
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+ <div class="content has-text-justified highlight-box">
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+ <p><span class="contribution-subtitle">Protects DNN Accuracy Under Unstable Power</span>
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+ <span class="small_caps">NeuralFuse</span> improves the accuracy of deep neural networks (DNNs) operating in low-power environments with random bit errors, without needing to retrain the models.
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+ </p>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  </div>
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+ <div class="content has-text-justified highlight-box">
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+ <p><span class="contribution-subtitle">Adapts to Limited-Access Settings</span>
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+ <span class="small_caps">NeuralFuse</span> supports deployment in scenarios with limited access to model details, using flexible training methods to adapt effectively across diverse DNN architectures.
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  </p>
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  </div>
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+ <div class="content has-text-justified highlight-box">
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+ <p><span class="contribution-subtitle">Reduces Energy Use with Proven Performance</span>
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+ <span class="small_caps">NeuralFuse</span> recovers up to 57% of lost accuracy and reduces memory access energy by up to 24%, tested across diverse models (ResNet18, ResNet50, VGG11, VGG16, and VGG19) and datasets (CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, GTSRB, and ImageNet-10).
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+ </p>
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ </section>
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+ <h2 class="title is-3">NeuralFuse Performance</h2>
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+ <h3 class="title is-4">Energy/Accuracy Tradeoff</h3>
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  <p>
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+ On the same base model (ResNet18), we illustrate the energy/accuracy tradeoff of six NeuralFuse implementations.
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+ The x-axis represents the percentage reduction in dynamic-memory access energy at low-voltage settings (base model protected by NeuralFuse), as compared to the bit-error-free (nominal) voltage. The y-axis represents the perturbed accuracy (evaluated at low voltage) with a 1% bit-error rate.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ <img id="performance" src="./static/images/performance.png"
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+ class=""
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+ alt="NeuralFuse Performance"/>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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  </div>
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  </section>
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  <section class="section" id="BibTeX">
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  <h2 class="title">BibTeX</h2>
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+ <pre><code>@inproceedings{sun2024neuralfuse,
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+ title={{NeuralFuse: Learning to Recover the Accuracy of Access-Limited Neural Network Inference in Low-Voltage Regimes}},
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+ author={Hao-Lun Sun and Lei Hsiung and Nandhini Chandramoorthy and Pin-Yu Chen and Tsung-Yi Ho},
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+ booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
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+ publisher = {Curran Associates, Inc.},
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+ volume = {37},
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+ year = {2024}
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  }</code></pre>
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+ <a class="icon-link" href="https://github.com/IBM/NeuralFuse" target="_blank" class="external-link">
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+ This page is maintained by <a target="_blank" href="https://hsiung.cc">Lei Hsiung</a>. Page template is borrowed from <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://github.com/nerfies/nerfies.github.io">here</a>.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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