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class="c37"><p class="c33"><span class="c3 c11">BigScience Ethical Charter</span></p><p class="c7"><span class="c19 c3 c11"> </span></p><h1 class="c0" id="h.mnplm636u8gt"><span class="c25">Preamble</span></h1><h3 class="c12" id="h.eglagoxtungb"><span>Introduction</span></h3><p class="c7"><span class="c8 c3">The development and applications of research in NLP are advancing rapidly, with direct real-world consequences. As a result, possible societal benefits exist, but related risks also increase considerably. Aware of these potential challenges, BigScience drafted an ethical charter formalizing its core values and how they are articulated. </span></p><h3 class="c12" id="h.pizdhwq4mm3n"><span class="c2">Scope</span></h3><p class="c7"><span class="c8 c3">The scope of this ethical charter is threefold:</span></p><p class="c6"><span class="c3">1.</span><span class="c29"> </span><span class="c8 c3">To establish the core values of BigScience in order to allow its contributors to commit to them, both individually and collectively.</span></p><p class="c6"><span class="c3">2.</span><span class="c29"> </span><span class="c8 c3">To serve as a pivot for drafting BigScience documents intended to frame specific issues ethically and legally.</span></p><p class="c6"><span class="c3">3.</span><span class="c29"> </span><span class="c3">To enable Big Science to promote values within the research community through scientific publication, dissemination, and popularization. </span></p><h3 class="c12" id="h.4dmemwedxldk"><span class="c2">People concerned</span></h3><p class="c7"><span class="c3">The </span><span class="c3">members</span><span class="c3"> of BigScience hold the values stated in this ethical charter. </span><span class="c3">As ethical guidelines, they </span><span class="c3">apply</span><span class="c3"> to any activities and </span><span class="c3">documents </span><span class="c3">governing a specific aspect of the project.</span></p><h3 class="c12" id="h.5nzsvwkd3vlg"><span>Limitations</span><span class="c2"> of this ethical charter</span></h3><p class="c7"><span class="c3">Given the breadth of the scope of BigScience and thriving</span><span class="c3"> to seek</span><span class="c3"> </span><span class="c3">progress in NLP research,</span><span class="c3"> we recognize that not all scientific research will have a positive impact on society.</span><span class="c3"> It is difficult to predict all the uses the scientific community will make of our artifacts. Therefore, we defer to our </span><span class="c3">license</span><span class="c3"> and </span><span class="c3">model card</span><span class="c8 c3"> for further information.</span></p><h3 class="c12" id="h.588ssoa0kuzk"><span>Relevance over time</span></h3><p class="c7"><span class="c3">We interpret ethics as an ongoing process, not a time-fixed code with universal validity. For these reasons, when needed, BigScience will review, update and adapt the ethical charter from time to time.</span></p><h3 class="c12" id="h.hageuekn1vrz"><span class="c2">Legitimacy </span></h3><p class="c7"><span class="c3">The elaboration of this ethical charter results from</span><span class="c3"> a </span><span class="c3">bottom-up collaboration</span><span class="c3"> that tried to collect </span><span class="c3">all the different thoughts and opinions of BigScience participants</span><span class="c3">. Then, experts in applied ethics and law did a final revision.</span><span class="c3"> </span><span class="c3">We aim for consensus: if any BigScience member individually does not feel aligned with one or more of the values inscribed in this ethical charter, the member will have the right to object at appropriate times and places to that end.</span></p><h3 class="c12" id="h.jdhmndrb7h6c"><span class="c2">Ethical approach</span></h3><p class="c7"><span class="c3">We assume the basis of value pluralism within our community</span><span class="c3">, and we cherish it. That is why the ethical notion of harmony (</span><span class="c3 c31">和</span><span class="c3">) in Confucian moral theory seemed to be the appropriate approach for such an international and interdisciplinary scientific community as BigScience. </span><span class="c3">“Harmony is by its very nature relational. It presupposes the coexistence of multiple parties; […] harmony is always contextual; epistemologically it calls for a holistic approach</span><sup class="c3"><a href="#ftnt1" id="ftnt_ref1">[1]</a></sup><span class="c3">.”</span></p><h3 class="c12" id="h.nqsxmohx8aod"><span class="c2">Ethical compliance </span></h3><p class="c13"><span class="c8 c3">We distinguish two levels of ethical compliance operating within the charter: individual and collective. We are held accountable for ethical compliance both as individual BigScience contributors and as a collective research entity.</span></p><h3 class="c12" id="h.r7f3yy3mgo"><span>Other documents articulation </span></h3><p class="c13"><span class="c3">Given the pivotal function of this ethical charter, we will refer to the other BigScience documents intended to govern specific issues directly where needed in the relevant paragraph.</span></p><h1 class="c0" id="h.d9g8zvq49mv9"><span class="c28">BigScience Values</span></h1><p class="c7"><span class="c19 c3 c11"> </span></p><p class="c13"><span class="c3">We apply the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic values in the structure of this ethical charter. The former refers to “what is valuable for its own sake, in itself […], as an end</span><sup class="c3"><a href="#ftnt2" id="ftnt_ref2">[2]</a></sup><span class="c3">”; the latter is characterized as “what is valuable as a means, or for something else’s</span><span class="c3"> work</span><sup class="c3"><a href="#ftnt3" id="ftnt_ref3">[3]</a></sup><span class="c3">”.</span><span class="c3"> We distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic values because the latter can vary more efficiently to achieve the former goals: the latter are substitutable.</span><span class="c3"> This structure will help the reader understand how the two types of values combine and allow the BigScience community to adapt this ethical charter over time.</span></p><h2 class="c34" id="h.teezgnjstrxu"><span class="c11">Intrinsic </span><span class="c19 c11 c35">Values</span></h2><p class="c7"><span class="c19 c3 c11"> </span></p><ul class="c5 lst-kix_saxtsynfme9l-0 start"><li class="c16 li-bullet-0"><h3 id="h.y5i55sfilv44" style="display:inline"><span>Inclusivity</span></h3></li></ul><p class="c10"><span class="c3">We work to </span><span class="c3">ensure</span><span class="c3"> welcomeness in the process and</span><span class="c3"> </span><span class="c3">equal access </span><span class="c3">to the BigScience </span><span class="c3">artifacts without any form of discrimination (e.g., religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, political orientation, age, ability)</span><span class="c8 c3">. We believe that “inclusivity” is not just non-discrimination, but also a sense of belonging.</span></p><ul class="c5 lst-kix_vlap48folxv9-0 start"><li class="c16 li-bullet-0"><h3 id="h.3da1o38cx1dx" style="display:inline"><span class="c2">Diversity</span></h3></li></ul><p class="c10"><span class="c3 c18">The BigScience community has over 900 researchers and communities (see some listed collaborations </span><span class="c3 c21"><a class="c36" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://bigscience.huggingface.co/&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1654682562820720&usg=AOvVaw2KN5nL3uCS1rJIGnFLuhIl">here</a></span><span class="c18 c3">) from 50 countries covering over 20 languages. The collaborators bring together their expertise from various sources of knowledge, scientific fields, and institutional contexts (academia, industry, research institutions, etc). </span></p><ul class="c5 lst-kix_vlap48folxv9-0"><li class="c16 li-bullet-0"><h3 id="h.464lv4a884f6" style="display:inline"><span>Reproducibility</span><span> </span></h3></li></ul><p class="c1"><span class="c3">The BigScience project was born with the clear intention of being a research initiative devoted to open science. BigScience aims at ensuring the reproduction of the research experiments and scientific conclusions developed under its aegis. </span></p><ul class="c5 lst-kix_7in68494ivvh-0 start"><li class="c15 li-bullet-0"><h3 id="h.gjf69xuzoli2" style="display:inline"><span class="c2">Openness</span></h3></li></ul><p class="c7 c27"><span class="c3 c8">Openness takes two dimensions, one focused on the process, and the other focused on its result. BigScience aims to be an open science framework whereby NLP, and broadly, AI-related researchers from all over the world can contribute and join the initiative. </span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">With regards to the results of our research, such as the future Large Language Model, these are created by the research community to the research community, and therefore </span><span class="c3">will be released on an open basis, taking into account the risks derived from the use of the model. </span></p><ul class="c5 lst-kix_eqv427wdtrjt-0 start"><li class="c16 li-bullet-0"><h3 id="h.n94944u03slc" style="display:inline"><span>Responsibility</span></h3></li></ul><p class="c10"><span class="c3">Each contributor has both an individual and a collective </span><span class="c3">responsibility</span><span class="c3"> for their work within the BigScience project. This responsibility is both social and environmental. BigScience intends to positively impact stakeholders through </span><span class="c3">its artifacts </span><span class="c3">regarding the former. Concerning the latter, BigScience is committed to developing tools to </span><span class="c3">monitor </span><span class="c3">and lower its artifacts’</span><span class="c3"> carbon footprint and energy consumption</span><span class="c8 c3">.</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c8 c3">Moreover, other tools such as an open legal playbook for NLP researchers guiding them regarding the use and respect of IP and privacy rights also seek to promote responsibility around the scientific community.</span></p><h2 class="c34" id="h.xe5i1mwl94go"><span class="c11">Extrinsic Values</span></h2><ul class="c5 lst-kix_auv7fgu45kz1-0 start"><li class="c16 li-bullet-0"><h3 id="h.jkbydh8nj24f" style="display:inline"><span>Accessibility</span></h3></li></ul><p class="c13 c14"><span class="c8 c3">As a means to achieve openness</span></p><p class="c9"><span class="c8 c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">BigScience puts in its best efforts to make our research and technological outputs easily interpretable and explained to the wider public, outside the scientific community, </span><span class="c3">especially to communities that have participated in data sharing.</span></p><p class="c9"><span class="c8 c3"></span></p><p class="c13 c14"><span class="c8 c3">Currently instrumentalized in:</span></p><ul class="c5 lst-kix_3bc73ymeow4m-0 start"><li class="c13 c17 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8 c3">no-code tools for exploring the catalog, trained models, etc.</span></li><li class="c13 c17 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8 c3">translating our calls for participation (in the data sourcing group)</span></li><li class="c13 c17 li-bullet-0"><span class="c8 c3">journalism (articles published on the project)</span></li><li class="c13 c17 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">linked to multidisciplinarity - legal hackathon as a step toward “non-technical” presentation<br></span></li></ul><ul class="c5 lst-kix_auv7fgu45kz1-0"><li class="c16 li-bullet-0"><h3 id="h.iab1jivzsbv5" style="display:inline"><span class="c2">Transparency</span></h3></li></ul><p class="c13 c14"><span class="c8 c3">As a means to achieve reproducibility</span></p><p class="c9"><span class="c8 c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c8 c3">BigScience work is actively promoted at various conferences, webinars, academic research, and scientific popularization so others can see our work.</span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">We have set up a management framework to oversee the use of BigScience </span><span class="c3">models, datasets, and tools, e.g. through working groups.</span><span class="c8 c3"> </span></p><p class="c10"><span class="c8 c3">All BigScience internal meetings and work progress are publicly shared within the Community, e.g. through public episodes. </span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c3">We are committed to building</span><span class="c3"> tools to interpret, monitor, explain, and make </span><span class="c3">intelligible the artifacts</span><span class="c3"> developed by BigScience.</span></p><ul class="c5 lst-kix_avrqhju2znks-0 start"><li class="c15 li-bullet-0"><h3 id="h.feoi899gyw4t" style="display:inline"><span>Interdisciplinarity</span></h3></li></ul><p class="c1"><span class="c8 c3">As a means to achieve inclusivity</span></p><p class="c1 c23"><span class="c8 c3"></span></p><p class="c7 c27"><span class="c3">We are constantly </span><span class="c3">building bridges </span><span class="c3">among</span><span class="c3"> computer science, linguistics, law, sociology, </span><span class="c3">philosophy</span><span class="c3">, and other relevant disciplines</span><span class="c3"> </span><span class="c8 c3">in order to adopt a holistic approach in developing BigScience artifacts.</span></p><ul class="c5 lst-kix_doyw8ul3oc0a-0 start"><li class="c16 li-bullet-0"><h3 id="h.3v9u97v5vv6z" style="display:inline"><span>Multilingualism</span></h3></li></ul><p class="c13 c14"><span class="c8 c3">As a means to achieve diversity</span></p><p class="c9"><span class="c8 c3"></span></p><p class="c1"><span class="c8 c3">By having a system that is multilingual from its conception, with the immediate goal of covering the 20 most spoken languages in the world and a broad reach to include up to hundreds based on collaborations with native speakers, we aim to reduce existing disparities in language and foster a more equitable distribution of the benefits of our artifacts.</span></p><p class="c10 c23"><span class="c8 c3"></span></p><p class="c32 c23"><span class="c8 c26"></span></p><p class="c23 c32"><span class="c8 c26"></span></p><div><p class="c32 c23"><span class="c8 c26"></span></p></div><hr class="c30"><div><p class="c4"><a href="#ftnt_ref1" id="ftnt1">[1]</a><span class="c24"> Chenyang Li, “The Confucian Ideal of Harmony”, in </span><span class="c24 c11">Philosophy East and West</span><span class="c8 c24">, vol. 56, no. 4, 2006, p. 589.</span></p></div><div><p class="c4"><a href="#ftnt_ref2" id="ftnt2">[2]</a><span class="c24"> Chris Heathwood, “Monism and pluralism about value”, in </span><span class="c24 c11">The Oxford Handbook of Value Theory</span><span class="c8 c24">, Iwao Hires and Jonas Olson (ed.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2015, p. 29.</span></p></div><div><p class="c4"><a href="#ftnt_ref3" id="ftnt3">[3]</a><span class="c8 c24"> Ibid.</span></p></div></body></html> |