Question: when were the words under god added to the pledge

Answer: 1954

"Criticism of the Pledge of Allegiance"
God"" is merely a ceremonial reference to history and not an affirmation of religious faith. Opponents contend that this contradicts the 1954 House Report of the legislators who inserted the ""under God"" phrase into the Pledge, which stated that the words ""under God"" served to ""acknowledge the dependence of our people and our Government upon the moral directions of the Creator."" 154 U.S.C.A.A.N 2339, 2340. The plaintiff, Michael Newdow, an atheist, took issue with the phrase ""In God We Trust"" on the coins of American currency, believing that the phrase was a state-sponsored statement of religious faith—illegal under the separation


Question: when were the words under god added to the pledge

Answer: 1954

"Susan Jacoby"
people tend to believe. She has cited as an example the pledge of allegiance, only written in 1892 and which did not include the expression 'Under God' until 1954. These words were added with the sole purpose of distinguishing the American government from the Soviet one, which was considered atheist. The influence of secularism in the Civil Rights Movement in the United States is another important subject for Jacoby. She believes that accepting the importance of secularism in the civil rights movement does not deny the role religion played in it, and while she has admitted that ""the driving force


Question: when were the words under god added to the pledge

Answer: 1954

"Eureka (word)"
the miner at work"". In 1957 the state legislature attempted to make ""In God We Trust"" the state motto as part of the same post WWII anti-Communist movement that successfully added the term ""under God"" to the American Pledge of Allegiance in 1954, but this attempt did not succeed and ""Eureka"" was made the official motto in 1963. The city of Eureka, California, founded in 1850, uses the California State Seal as its official seal. Eureka is a considerable distance from Sutter's Mill, but was the jumping off point of a smaller gold rush in nearby Trinity County, California in


Question: when were the words under god added to the pledge

Answer: 1954

"Francis Bellamy"
the pledge, see Pledge of Allegiance""). In 1954, in response to the perceived threat of secular Communism, President Eisenhower encouraged Congress to add the words ""under God,"" creating the 31-word pledge that is recited today. Bellamy described his thoughts as crafted the language of the pledge: Bellamy ""viewed his Pledge as an 'inoculation' that would protect immigrants and native-born but insufficiently patriotic Americans from the 'virus' of radicalism and subversion."" Bellamy was a Christian socialist who ""championed 'the rights of working people and the equal distribution of economic resources, which he believed was inherent in the teachings of Jesus.'"" In


Question: when were the words under god added to the pledge

Answer: 1954

"United States national motto"
differentiate the United States from atheistic communism. Earlier, a 1954 act added the words ""under God"" to the Pledge of Allegiance. Some states also adopted mottos with religious overtones during this time, for example Ohio's ""With God, all things are possible"". The constitutionality of the modern national motto has been questioned with relationship to the separation of church and state outlined in the First Amendment. In 1970, in ""Aronow v. United States"", the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled that the motto does not violate the First Amendment to the Constitution. The United States Supreme Court


Question: when were the words under god added to the pledge

Answer: 1954

"Pledge of Allegiance"
policy for the entire nation. These attempts were eventually a success. At the suggestion of a correspondent, Representative Louis C. Rabaut (D-Mich.), of Michigan sponsored a resolution to add the words ""under God"" to the Pledge in 1953. Before February 1954, no endeavor to get the pledge officially amended had succeeded. The final successful push came from George MacPherson Docherty. Some American presidents honored Lincoln's birthday by attending services at the church Lincoln attended, New York Avenue Presbyterian Church by sitting in Lincoln's pew on the Sunday nearest February 12. On February 7, 1954, with President Eisenhower sitting in Lincoln's


Question: what was vietnam called in the years before world war 2

Answer: French Indochina

"CIA activities in Vietnam"
March 20. Headquarters decided to work on the responsibilities with the Communists and to gain support for the refugees that were moving away from the Communists. ""Air America"" CIA activities in Vietnam CIA activities in Vietnam were operations conducted by the Central Intelligence Agency in Indochina and then Vietnam from the 1950s to the late 1960s, before and during the Vietnam War. Historically, Vietnam became a part of French Indochina in 1887. Although Vietnam became independent after World War II, the French continued to rule the country until 1954. Also, the year of 1954 was when Ho Chi Minh was


Question: what was vietnam called in the years before world war 2

Answer: French Indochina

"CIA activities in Vietnam"
CIA activities in Vietnam CIA activities in Vietnam were operations conducted by the Central Intelligence Agency in Indochina and then Vietnam from the 1950s to the late 1960s, before and during the Vietnam War. Historically, Vietnam became a part of French Indochina in 1887. Although Vietnam became independent after World War II, the French continued to rule the country until 1954. Also, the year of 1954 was when Ho Chi Minh was in power and the country started to be separated into two parts. While the north was controlled by the communist forces and under Ho Chi Minh's leadership, the


Question: who is directly elected according to the constitution

Answer: senators

"Senate of Chile"
-the 20 current senators whose seats expire in March 2022. Plus 7 new senators, who will be elected in 2022 Senate of Chile The Senate of the Republic of Chile is the upper house of Chile's bicameral National Congress, as established in the current Constitution of Chile. According to the present Constitution of Chile, the Senate is composed of thirty-eight directly elected senators, chosen by universal popular suffrage vote in 19 senatorial circumscriptions. These serve eight-year terms, with half of them being replaced every fourth year. They must be eligible to vote, have completed secondary school, or its equivalent, and


Question: who is directly elected according to the constitution

Answer: senators

"Senate of Chile"
of Valparaíso that replaced the old National Congress located in downtown Santiago, the nation's capital. Amendments to the Constitution, approved by a joint session of Congress on August 16, 2005, eliminated non-directly elected senators from March 11, 2006, the day 20 newly elected senators were sworn in, leaving the total number of senators at 38, all directly elected. Previously, according to the Constitution of 1980, ""designated"" or ""institutional"" senators were appointed to the chamber. Two former heads of state, Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle and Augusto Pinochet, were installed as senators for life. Pinochet later resigned from this position and Frei lost


Question: who is directly elected according to the constitution

Answer: senators

"Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution"
that renowned senators could not have been elected directly, and that since a large number of senators had experience in the House, which was already directly elected, a constitutional amendment would be pointless. The reform was considered by opponents to threaten the rights and independence of the states, who were ""sovereign, entitled...to have a separate branch of Congress...to which they could send their ambassadors"". This was countered by the argument that a change in the mode in which senators were elected would not change their responsibilities. The Senate freshman class of 1910 brought new hope to the reformers. Fourteen of


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Jason Raize"
the age of 19, Raize succeeded Dennis DeYoung of Styx in the national tour of ""Jesus Christ Superstar"", starring Ted Neely and Carl Anderson. Next, he toured with ""Miss Saigon"", and had been cast as a swing in a national tour of ""The King and I"" starring Hayley Mills when he decided to audition for Julie Taymor's upcoming Broadway production of ""The Lion King"" (1997). Winning the role of ""Simba"" in ""The Lion King""'s original Broadway cast, Raize became part of one of the biggest Broadway hits of the 1990s. During his three years with ""The Lion King"", Raize performed


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"The Lion King"
in October 1997 at the New Amsterdam Theatre. ""The Lion King"" musical was directed by Julie Taymor and featured songs from both the movie and ""Rhythm of the Pride Lands"", along with three new compositions by Elton John and Tim Rice. Mark Mancina did the musical arrangements and new orchestral tracks. The musical became one of the most successful in Broadway history, winning six Tony Awards including Best Musical, and despite moving to the Minskoff Theatre in 2006, is still running to this day in New York, becoming the third longest-running show and highest grossing Broadway production in history. The


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Irene Mecchi"
Irene Mecchi Irene Mecchi (born September 21, 1949) is an American writer for television, movies, newspapers, and Broadway. Originally from San Francisco, she started her work with Disney in March 1992, when she wrote ""Recycle Rex"", an animated short film which won the 1994 Environmental Media Award. Irene has worked on Herb Caen's books, and is the co-screenwriter of Disney animated movies such as ""The Lion King"", ""The Hunchback of Notre Dame"", ""Hercules"", and ""Fantasia 2000"". With co-author Roger Allers, she received a 1998 Tony nomination for writing the book for ""The Lion King"". Irene wrote the teleplay for ""Annie"",


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Irene Mecchi"
which aired on ABC in 1999. Irene Mecchi Irene Mecchi (born September 21, 1949) is an American writer for television, movies, newspapers, and Broadway. Originally from San Francisco, she started her work with Disney in March 1992, when she wrote ""Recycle Rex"", an animated short film which won the 1994 Environmental Media Award. Irene has worked on Herb Caen's books, and is the co-screenwriter of Disney animated movies such as ""The Lion King"", ""The Hunchback of Notre Dame"", ""Hercules"", and ""Fantasia 2000"". With co-author Roger Allers, she received a 1998 Tony nomination for writing the book for ""The Lion King"".


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"The Hunchback of Notre Dame (musical)"
name. It received generally positive reviews and did reasonably well at the box office. Disney on Broadway, the stage play arm of the Disney Corporation, had staged successful versions of ""Beauty and the Beast"" in 1994 and ""The Lion King"" in 1997. Disney wanted to move ""The Lion King"" to Berlin. For a long time, Berlin was in talks to stage The Lion King, but after those negotiations fell through, Disney offered this property instead. This project, announced by Stella Entertainment on March 18, 1998, saw the stage musical-producing market leader of Germany depart from its tradition of only importing


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Tom Alan Robbins"
Tom Alan Robbins Tom Alan Robbins is an American actor. He recently returned to the role of Pumbaa in ""The Lion King"", a role he originated at its Broadway opening. Before returning to ""The Lion King"", he appeared in the Broadway production of ""Is He Dead?"", a comedy written by Mark Twain, as Hans von Bismarck, a role which he originated in 2007. He has been on television shows including ""Seinfeld"", ""NYPD Blue"", ""Law & Order"", ""The Good Wife"", and ""Baby Talk"". Robbins, a native of Ohio, has appeared in the original Broadway casts of ""The Lion King"", ""The Threepenny


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Scar (The Lion King)"
to blame his crimes on the hyenas, unaware that they are listening nearby. Simba ignores Scar and gives him one last chance to run away and never return. When Simba's back is turned, Scar attacks him and they fight. Simba overpowers Scar and throws him over the cliff ledge to the base of Pride Rock. Scar survives the fall, but is attacked and killed by the vengeful hyenas. The success of ""The Lion King ""spawned a Broadway musical based on the film, directed by Julie Taymor with a book written by ""The Lion King ""co-director Roger Allers and screenwriter Irene


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Christian Hebel"
12 years on Broadway where they won 3 Tony Awards and received a Grammy Award. On July 12, 2018, with its 6,138th performance, it surpassed ""A Chorus Line"" to become Broadway's sixth-longest running show. In March 2016, Wicked surpassed $1 billion in total Broadway revenue, joining both ""The Phantom of the Opera"" and ""The Lion King"" as the only Broadway shows to do so. In July 2017, Wicked surpassed ""The Phantom of the Opera"" as Broadway's second-highest grossing show, trailing only ""The Lion King"". Hebel originated and helped create the violin and concertmaster role in Craig Lucas and Adam Guettel's


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Nala (The Lion King)"
Lion King"", which is expected to be released in July 19, 2019. The same day Shahadi Wright Joseph was cast as young Nala in the film. In the Broadway musical adaptation of ""The Lion King"", the role of Nala was originated by Trinidadian-American singer Heather Headley. Her Broadway debut, at first auditioning for the role proved a challenge for the singer due to her ""Ragtime"" contract, which her agent was eventually successful in getting her released from. Director Julie Taymor felt that Nala's journey in the film was underdeveloped and among the story's weaker elements, and thus decided to ""strengthen""


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"The Lion King (musical)"
Disney Company, a recording of the songs as heard in the stage musical. Most of the tracks were composed by African composer Lebo M. and focused primarily on the African influences of the film's original music, with most songs being sung either partially or entirely in various African languages. Rafiki's chants in ""Rafiki Mourns"" were written by Tsidii Le Loka, who originated the role on Broadway. The original Broadway show included: The Lion King (musical) The Lion King is a musical based on the 1994 Walt Disney Animation Studios' animated feature film of the same name with music by Elton


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Hamilton (musical)"
repairs prior to ""Hamilton""'s 2019 bow. ""Hamilton""s off-Broadway engagement at The Public Theater was sold out, and when the musical opened on Broadway, it had a multimillion-dollar advance in ticket sales, reportedly taking in $30 million before its official opening. By September 2015, the show was sold out for most of its Broadway engagement. It was the second-highest-grossing show on Broadway for the Labor Day week ending September 6, 2015 (behind only ""The Lion King""). ""Hamilton"" set a Broadway box office record for the most money grossed in a single week in New York City in late November 2016, when


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Beauty and the Beast (musical)"
Disney's next musical venture, ""The Little Mermaid"". With Disney set to open its Broadway version of ""The Little Mermaid"" on November 3, 2007, at the time, it was believed that having two Disney princess films on Broadway at the same time would divide audiences and cause competition between the two shows. At this point, Disney also had three other shows running at the same time: ""The Lion King"", ""Tarzan"", and ""Mary Poppins"". It was reported that Disney Theatrical planned to revive the show on Broadway for the 2008 holiday season, but Disney did not pursue this. The West End production


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Christopher Jackson (actor)"
York City. Jackson began his career in 1995 starring in the Off-Broadway musical ""Time and the Wind"" by composer Galt MacDermot of ""Hair"" fame. He made his Broadway debut in 1997 as an ensemble member and the understudy for Simba in the Original Broadway Cast of ""The Lion King"". He later took over the role of Simba in 2000. He then did work in the theater scenes in Chicago and Minneapolis–Saint Paul, notably earning a BATC Award nomination for Best Actor for ""Beggar's Holiday"" in 2004 for and winning a Joseph Jefferson Award (Chicago's equivalent to the Tony Awards) in


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Musical theatre"
for $20 front row tickets, and some saw the show dozens of times. Other shows on Broadway followed ""Rent""'s lead by offering heavily discounted day-of-performance or standing-room tickets, although often the discounts are offered only to students. The 1990s also saw the influence of large corporations on the production of musicals. The most important has been Disney Theatrical Productions, which began adapting some of Disney's animated film musicals for the stage, starting with ""Beauty and the Beast"" (1994), ""The Lion King"" (1997) and ""Aida"" (2000), the latter two with music by Elton John. ""The Lion King"" is the highest-grossing musical


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"The Legend of the Lion King"
The Legend of the Lion King The Legend of The Lion King is the name of former attractions hosted at both Magic Kingdom in Walt Disney World in Florida and in Disneyland Paris. Although both shows were inspired by the hit Disney film ""The Lion King"" they took on two different performance styles. The Legend of the Lion King Show at Magic Kingdom in Walt Disney World Resort was a stage performance retelling the story of the film using life size puppets, while the show at Disneyland Paris was a Broadway inspired performance that used human actors and featured popular


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Danny Rutigliano"
Danny Rutigliano Danny Rutigliano is an American actor. He appeared on Broadway in ""The Best Little Whorehouse Goes Public"" in 1994. He has appeared in ""The Lion King"" on Broadway, portraying the character Timon; he left the show in April 2010. A member of the original cast as the understudy, he also originated the role of Timon in the L.A. Production of ""The Lion King"", for which he received the Ovation Award for Best Featured Actor. He appeared in the Broadway revival of ""Born Yesterday"" in 2011. He starred in Cirque du Soleil's ""Banana Shpeel"" in New York City in


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Wicked (musical)"
surpassed $1 billion in total Broadway revenue, joining both ""The Phantom of the Opera"" and ""The Lion King"" as the only Broadway shows to do so. In July 2017, ""Wicked"" surpassed ""The Phantom of the Opera"" as Broadway's second-highest grossing show, trailing only ""The Lion King"". Composer and lyricist Stephen Schwartz discovered writer Gregory Maguire's 1995 novel ""Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West"" while on vacation, and saw its potential for a dramatic adaptation. Maguire, however, had released the rights to Universal Pictures, which had planned to develop a live-action feature film. In 1998,


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Hakuna Matata (song)"
You"" as a B-side and was ultimately used in the Broadway theatrical version of ""The Lion King"". The song was based on an earlier song written early on in the production stage called ""Warthog Rhapsody"". Although the two songs shared the same message and position in the film, when Elton and Tim began to work on the music the song was completely rewritten and it eventually evolved into ""Hakuna Matata"". ""Warthog Rhapsody"" was eventually re-produced and released on ""Rhythm of the Pride Lands"". The melody of Warthog Rhaspody was used in ""The Lion King 1½"" for the song ""That's All


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Margo Lion"
Margo Lion Margo Lion is a producer for plays and musicals both on Broadway and off-Broadway. She is known for her role in producing the stage and screen hit ""Hairspray"". Combined, the works Lion produced have won 20 Tony Awards and a Pulitzer Prize. Margo Lion is from Baltimore, Maryland and is of German-Jewish heritage. She started her producing career with Lyn Austin at The Music-Theater Group/Lenox Arts Center. Her first commercial production was ""How I Got That Story"" in 1982. Later off-Broadway productions included the 1987 version of Martha Clarke's ""The Garden of Earthly Delights"", ""Frankie and Johnny in


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"The Lion King (franchise)"
with Rafiki who gives him wisdom by narrating the past tales of the Pridelands. The story of the books was completely ignored by Disney in ""The Lion King"" sequels and isn't considered canon. ""The Legend of the Lion King"" was an underground stage performance retelling the story of the film using fully articulated puppets in Magic Kingdom's Fantasyland. This attraction ran from June 1994 to February 2002. A Broadway-caliber short-form stage musical named ""Festival of the Lion King"" is performed live in Disney's Animal Kingdom at Walt Disney World, Florida and in Adventureland at Hong Kong Disneyland. It uses the


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Christopher Jackson (actor)"
Christopher Jackson (actor) Christopher Neal Jackson (born September 30, 1975) is an American actor, singer, musician, and composer. He began his career in 1995 starring in the Off-Broadway musical ""Time and the Wind"" by composer Galt MacDermot when he was just 20 years old. He made his Broadway debut in 1997 as an ensemble member in the Original Broadway Cast of Disney's ""The Lion King"". He remained with the show for several years, ultimately taking over the role of Simba. He went on to perform leading roles in several more Broadway musicals and plays, including ""After Midnight"", ""Bronx Bombers"", ""Holler


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Nathaniel Stampley"
Nathaniel Stampley Nathaniel Stampley is an African-American actor. He has performed in the West End, on Broadway, on tours, and regionally. On Broadway, he was a replacement for Old Deuteronomy in the revival of ""CATS"", he played Mister in the revival of ""The Color Purple"", Mufasa in ""The Lion King"", and was in the opening night cast of original production of""The Color Purple"" as Buster, Chief, an ensemble member, and an understudy for Harpo. He also played Mufasa in ""The Lion King"" in the West End and on the national tour. He was in the national tour of Ragtime. Regionally,


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Jason Raize"
Jason Raize Jason Raize Rothenberg (July 20, 1975 – February 3, 2004), known professionally as Jason Raize, was an American actor, singer and former Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Environment Programme. He was best known for his roles as the adult Simba in the Broadway stage musical version of ""The Lion King"" and the voice of Denahi in the animated Disney film ""Brother Bear"". Born Jason Raize Rothenberg, in Oneonta, New York, he grew up in the Catskills in upstate New York and started acting as a teenager, when his stepmother enrolled him in a summer Shakespeare workshop. In


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Lana Gordon"
same year, Gordon played the role of Dionne in the European tour of the musical ""Hair"". In 1997, Gordon debuted on Broadway as an ensemble cast member in Lion King, a role she played for 2½ years, one of her roles was a cheetah. Following this, she joined the cast of Broadway musical Jesus Christ Superstar. After Jesus Christ Superstar she was asked to come to The Lion King to play the role of Shenzi. In 2003 she took on the role of Anita in West Side Story, and toured Europe numerous of times over her 5 years in the


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Neal S. Blaisdell Center"
late May and June. The arena also hosts the WWE's flagship shows, ""Raw"" and ""SmackDown LIVE"" for two nights, starts from June 25 to 26, 2018. With a capacity of 2,158 seats, the Neal S. Blaisdell Concert Hall is the home of the Honolulu Symphony and the Hawaii Opera Theatre. Broadway productions such as ""The Phantom of the Opera"", ""Les Misérables"", ""Rent"", ""Miss Saigon"", ""Chicago"", ""Cats"", and other national touring shows have performed at the concert hall. In the fall and early winter of 2007 the concert hall was host to the Broadway musical ""The Lion King"", a booking which


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Titus Andromedon"
Vonda Jeanne Brooks. The thought of the wedding night was too much for him and he fled the reception without saying goodbye, travelling to New York to begin a new life under a new name, Titus Andromedon. Titus is an aspiring Broadway performer. He auditioned for ""The Lion King"" on Broadway at least 20 times and never got in because he did not come off as straight. He tried to put on his own production, but only got one audience member, who had come to show him copyright laws. His rival is Coriolanus Burt (James Monroe Iglehart), who beat him


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"The Lion King (franchise)"
The Lion King (franchise) The Lion King is a Disney media franchise comprising a film series and additional media. The success of the original 1994 American animated feature, ""The Lion King"", directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff, led to two direct-to-video sequel films, a television film sequel, two spin-off television series, three educational shorts, several video games, merchandise, and the third-longest-running musical in Broadway history, which garnered six Tony Awards including Best Musical. The franchise as a whole has EGOT-ed, meaning it has won the four biggest awards of American show business. The franchise mainly revolves about a pride


Question: when did the lion king start on broadway

Answer: Broadway

"Minskoff Theatre"
in MTV's studios and in Los Angeles. The program returned to Los Angeles for the 2008–09 season. ""The Lion King"" achieved the box office record for the Minskoff Theatre. The production cleared $2,837,158 over eight performances, for the week ending December 29, 2013. Minskoff Theatre The Minskoff Theatre is a Broadway theatre, located at 1515 Broadway in Midtown Manhattan. It is currently home to the musical ""The Lion King"", based on the Disney animated film of the same name. The 1,621-seat venue, designed by architects Kahn and Jacobs, is on the third floor of One Astor Plaza, an office tower


Question: when was the movie the wizard of oz made

Answer: 1939

"Wizard of Oz (character)"
Wizard of Oz (character) Oscar Zoroaster Phadrig Isaac Norman Henkle Emmannuel Ambroise Diggs (also known as the Wizard of Oz and, during his reign, as Oz, the Great and Terrible) is a fictional character in the Land of Oz created by American author L. Frank Baum. The character was further popularized by a stage play and several movies, most famously the classic 1939 movie, as well as the 2013 prequel adaption. The Wizard is one of the characters in ""The Wonderful Wizard of Oz."" Unseen for most of the novel, he is the ruler of the Land of Oz and


Question: when was the movie the wizard of oz made

Answer: 1939

"Copyright status of The Wizard of Oz and related works in the United States"
Oz Film Manufacturing Company movies entered public domain in 1942. and then the 1925 Larry Semon movie version of ""The Wizard of Oz"" entered the public domain in 1954. These films remain the only Oz live action movies in the public domain. The 1939 version of ""The Wizard of Oz"" is the most well-known adaptation of ""The Wizard of Oz""; in many respects, its popularity surpassed the original book. Its copyright was renewed in 1967, so it will remain copyrighted for a 95-year term, entering the public domain in 2035. This has caused issues for most subsequent Oz adaptations, especially


Question: when was the movie the wizard of oz made

Answer: 1939

"Wizard of Oz festival"
Wizard of Oz festival The Wizard of Oz festival was an annual festival in Chesterton, Indiana for ""The Wizard of Oz"". It was cancelled in 2008 after 27 years following poor financial performance due a complicated history with town government, the declining health of actors from the 1939 movie, and a severe storm that essentially stopped the 2008 festival dead in its tracks. The festival was revived in the fall of 2009 under new management and greatly overhauled in structure and organization. It was once again cancelled in 2013 when the primary sponsor dropped the festival last minute, leaving the


Question: when was the movie the wizard of oz made

Answer: 1939

"Paradox in Oz"
Obsidian City, the alternative version of Omby Amby calls himself Wantowin Battles — a name introduced by Ruth Plumly Thompson in her ""Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz"" (1939). When dealing with Dorothy, the Evil Version of the Wizard makes a reference to the 1939 movie version, by reversing part of the Wizard's dialog, describing himself, as ""a very bad man, but I am a very good wizard,"" before performing a wicked spell on the girl. Eric Shanower's black-and-white illustrations for ""Paradox in Oz"" are faithful to the richly romantic style that Shanower has developed for Oz illustration, from ""The


Question: when was the movie the wizard of oz made

Answer: 1939

"Copyright status of The Wizard of Oz and related works in the United States"
owned the rights to adapt all of Baum's books except ""The Wizard of Oz"", but this did not matter because by 1985 both ""The Land of Oz"" and ""Ozma of Oz"" were in the public domain. The only element that ""Return to Oz"" used from the 1939 movie was the ruby slippers – in the book, the slippers were silver. The ruby slippers had become so iconic due to the MGM movie, Disney paid handsomely for the rights to use them. The 2013 film ""Oz the Great and Powerful"" was technically a prequel to the 1939 movie, but it was


Question: when was the movie the wizard of oz made

Answer: 1939

"The Wizard of Oz on television"
in advance of that year's telecast and were still airing as late as 1989. On the major commercial networks, it was never termed a ""CBS Movie Special"" or an ""NBC Movie Special"", as movie specials shown on those networks are frequently termed, but as simply ""The Wizard of Oz"". The 1955 and 1998 theatrical re-releases were matted in movie theaters to produce a widescreen effect for the Academy-standard aspect-ratio film. When shown in HDTV, the film is pillarboxed so that its aspect ratio is preserved. On DVD, the film has always been issued in its original 1939 aspect ratio. The


Question: when was the movie the wizard of oz made

Answer: 1939

"Cowardly Lion"
""The Marvelous Land of Oz"" he receives a bare mention in the eleventh chapter.) In the classic 1939 movie ""The Wizard of Oz"", the Cowardly Lion was a humanoid biped and played by Bert Lahr, a popular vaudeville and Broadway star, with many of Lahr's trademark mannerisms deliberately worked into the film. In this version, the liquid courage given to him by the Wizard is replaced with a medal marked ""Courage"". Bert Lahr's biography, written by his son John Lahr, is entitled ""Notes on a Cowardly Lion"". The movie was made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, which uses a lion as its mascot.


Question: when was the movie the wizard of oz made

Answer: 1939

"Oz Before the Rainbow"
adaptations were then turned into successful novels. He notes, however, that the various versions influenced each other and led to the 1939 MGM movie. Oz Before the Rainbow Oz Before the Rainbow is a book written by Mark Evan Swartz in 2000 chronicling the early stage and film versions of ""The Wizard of Oz"", before the 1939 movie, as well as an album featuring music from the early stage versions. Half of the book is devoted to the 1902 stage musical of ""The Wizard of Oz"" that Baum adapted from his book, with substantial revisions by the director and producer.


Question: when was the movie the wizard of oz made

Answer: 1939

"The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical)"
The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical) The Wizard of Oz was a 1902 musical extravaganza based on ""The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"" by L. Frank Baum, which was originally published in 1900. Much of the original music was by Paul Tietjens and has been mostly forgotten, although it was still well-remembered and in discussion at MGM in 1939 when the classic film version of the story was made. Although Baum is the credited bookwriter, Glen MacDonough was hired on as jokewriter after Baum had finished the script. The show premiered at the Chicago Grand Opera House on June 16, 1902


Question: when was the movie the wizard of oz made

Answer: 1939

"Wizard of Oz festival"
event without any financial backing. Smaller organizations and dedicated fans worked tirelessly in an attempt to save the festival. Unfortunately, it was all to no avail. To this date, there is still a large demand from fans to bring the festival back to the small Indiana town. Wizard of Oz festival The Wizard of Oz festival was an annual festival in Chesterton, Indiana for ""The Wizard of Oz"". It was cancelled in 2008 after 27 years following poor financial performance due a complicated history with town government, the declining health of actors from the 1939 movie, and a severe storm


Question: when was the movie the wizard of oz made

Answer: 1939

"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)"
best films of 1939. Roger Ebert chose it as one of his Great Films, writing that """"The Wizard of Oz"" has a wonderful surface of comedy and music, special effects and excitement, but we still watch it six decades later because its underlying story penetrates straight to the deepest insecurities of childhood, stirs them and then reassures them."" Writer Salman Rushdie acknowledged """"The Wizard of Oz"" was my very first literary influence"" in his 2002 musings about the film. He has written: ""When I first saw ""The Wizard of Oz"", it made a writer of me."" His first short story,


Question: when was the movie the wizard of oz made

Answer: 1939

"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)"
attributes, including a wizard from Omaha, ""The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"" has universal appeal."" The film was one inductee of a group of 25 films that inaugurated in 1989 the National Film Registry list, based on at least it being declared by the Library of Congress as the most viewed film on television syndication. In June 2007, the film was listed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. The film placed at number 86 on Bravo's ""100 Scariest Movie Moments"". In 1977, Aljean Harmetz wrote ""The Making of The Wizard of Oz"", a detailed description of the creation of the


Question: when was the movie the wizard of oz made

Answer: 1939

"Yellow brick road"
Yellow brick road The Yellow Brick Road is a fictional element in the 1900 children's novel ""The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"" by American author L. Frank Baum. The road also appears in the several sequel Oz books such as ""The Marvelous Land of Oz"" (1904) and ""The Patchwork Girl of Oz"" (1913). The road's most notable portrayal is in the classic 1939 MGM musical movie ""The Wizard of Oz"", loosely based on Baum's first Oz book. In the novel's first edition the road is mostly referred to as the ""Road of Yellow Bricks"". In the original story and in later


Question: when was the movie the wizard of oz made

Answer: 1939

"Aunt Em"
it may refer to her maiden name. Aunt Em was played by Queen Latifah in the ABC made-for-television movie ""The Muppets' Wizard of Oz"" where this character owned a diner. In the ""VeggieTales"" episode ""The Wonderful Wizard of Ha's"", Aunt Em and her husband Uncle Henry were substituted by a father (Dad Asparagus) to retell The Prodigal Son, a biblical parable from the Gospel of Luke. She was voiced by Lurene Tuttle in 1980's ""Dorothy in the Land of Oz"". Lucie Arnaz performed this character in """" (based on the 1939 MGM film) to benefit the Children's Defense Fund. She


Question: when was the movie the wizard of oz made

Answer: 1939

"Oz Before the Rainbow"
Oz Before the Rainbow Oz Before the Rainbow is a book written by Mark Evan Swartz in 2000 chronicling the early stage and film versions of ""The Wizard of Oz"", before the 1939 movie, as well as an album featuring music from the early stage versions. Half of the book is devoted to the 1902 stage musical of ""The Wizard of Oz"" that Baum adapted from his book, with substantial revisions by the director and producer. The adaptation was a tremendous success, first in Chicago, then on Broadway, where it ran for two years, and then on tour for an


Question: what kind of dog is nana in snow dogs

Answer: a Border Collie

"Snow Dogs"
the backwoods village of Tolketna. Brooks' mother Amelia reveals that he is adopted; Lucy was his biological mother. Ted travels to Tolketna to claim his inheritance from Lucy: seven Siberian Huskies named Diesel, Mack, Sniff, Yodel, Scooper, Duchess and Demon, and a Border Collie named Nana. In Tolketna, he discovers his roots. Totally out of his element, Ted is confounded by blizzards, thin ice, foxes, skunks, grizzly bears, an intimidating, crusty old mountain man named James ""Thunder Jack"" Johnson, and the aggressive, defiant lead dog, Demon. All of this happens with the buzzing excitement of the Arctic Challenge Sled Dog


Question: who has won the most college football national champions

Answer: Princeton

"1869 Princeton Tigers football team"
1869 Princeton Tigers football team The 1869 Princeton Tigers football team represented the College of New Jersey, more commonly known as Princeton College, in the 1869 college football season. The team finished with a 1–1 record and was retroactively named national champions by the Billingsley Report and National Championship Foundation, and as the co-national champions by Parke H. Davis. Princeton's first captain was William S. Gummere, who was 17 during the season. On November 6, the team played at Rutgers in what has been called the first intercollegiate American football game. Rutgers won the game 6–4, which was played using


Question: who has won the most college football national champions

Answer: Princeton

"Rutgers Scarlet Knights football"
chose both Rutgers and Princeton as national champion, as the teams split two matches 1–1. Rutgers has won one conference championship. † Co-champions Rutgers has won three division titles. During their time in the Middle Atlantic Conferences, the conference established three leagues that were referred to as Divisions (University, Northern College, and Southern College), with no one true conference champion. The Princeton–Rutgers rivalry is a college rivalry in athletics between the Tigers of Princeton University and Scarlet Knights of Rutgers University – New Brunswick, both of which are located in New Jersey The rivalry dates back to the first college


Question: who ruled the ottoman empire in the 1500s

Answer: Selim I

"Ottoman–Safavid relations"
especially important role in defining the Ottoman–Safavid relationship. Both the Safavids and Ottomans relied on ties to Islam to help justify their individual rules. However, Islamic law prevents war of Muslims against each other, unless a religious need arises to enforce a sacred law or to check transgressions against it. Thus, for one power to wage war against the other, he would have to justify the action religiously. Selim I, sultan of the Ottoman Empire in the early 1500s, looked for such justification. Religious scholars and officials in the Ottoman Empire quickly labeled Shah Ismail, and by extension his followers,


Question: who ruled the ottoman empire in the 1500s

Answer: Selim I

"History of the Kurds"
Dynasty was allowed to rule the region as vassals by many of the sovereign rulers over the wider territory, until the Qajar monarch Nasser-al-Din Shah (1848–1896) ended their rule in 1867. For many centuries, starting in the early modern period with Ismail I, Shah of Safavid Persia, and Ottoman Sultan Selim I, the Kurds came under the suzerainty of the two most powerful empires of the Near East and staunch arch rivals, the Sunni Ottoman Empire and the various Shia Empires. It started off with the rule of Ismail I, who ruled over all regions that encompass native Kurdish living


Question: who ruled the ottoman empire in the 1500s

Answer: Selim I

"Ottoman Empire"
Empire, the majority of the Orthodox population accepted Ottoman rule as preferable to Venetian rule. Albanian resistance was a major obstacle to Ottoman expansion on the Italian peninsula. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Ottoman Empire entered a period of expansion. The Empire prospered under the rule of a line of committed and effective Sultans. It also flourished economically due to its control of the major overland trade routes between Europe and Asia. Sultan Selim I (1512–1520) dramatically expanded the Empire's eastern and southern frontiers by defeating Shah Ismail of Safavid Persia, in the Battle of Chaldiran. Selim I


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

"Non-ferrous metal"
Non-ferrous metal In metallurgy, a non-ferrous metal is a metal, including alloys, that does not contain iron (ferrite) in appreciable amounts. Generally more costly than ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight (e.g. aluminium), higher conductivity (e.g. copper), non-magnetic property or resistance to corrosion (e.g. zinc). Some non-ferrous materials are also used in the iron and steel industries. For example, bauxite is used as flux for blast furnaces, while others such as wolframite, pyrolusite and chromite are used in making ferrous alloys. Important non-ferrous metals include aluminium, copper, lead, nickel, tin, titanium and zinc, and


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

"Non-ferrous metal"
reaction of nonferrous metals to these forming processes is often more severe. Consequently, properties may differ considerably between the cast and wrought forms of the same metal or alloy. Non-ferrous metal In metallurgy, a non-ferrous metal is a metal, including alloys, that does not contain iron (ferrite) in appreciable amounts. Generally more costly than ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight (e.g. aluminium), higher conductivity (e.g. copper), non-magnetic property or resistance to corrosion (e.g. zinc). Some non-ferrous materials are also used in the iron and steel industries. For example, bauxite is used as flux for


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

"Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy"
Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy is one of the two branches of extractive metallurgy which pertains to the processes of reducing valuable, non-iron metals from ores or raw material. Metals like zinc, copper, lead, aluminium as well as rare and noble metals are of particular interest in this field, while the more common metal, iron, is considered a major impurity. Like ferrous extraction, non-ferrous extraction primarily focuses on the economic optimization of extraction processes in separating qualitatively and quantitatively marketable metals from its impurities (gangue). Any extraction process will include a sequence of steps or unit processes for separating


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

"Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy"
powder. Finally, the precipitated copper is collected and refined further through the traditional smelting process. This is the first large-scale use of a hydrometallurgical process. Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy is one of the two branches of extractive metallurgy which pertains to the processes of reducing valuable, non-iron metals from ores or raw material. Metals like zinc, copper, lead, aluminium as well as rare and noble metals are of particular interest in this field, while the more common metal, iron, is considered a major impurity. Like ferrous extraction, non-ferrous extraction primarily focuses on the economic optimization of extraction processes


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

Trafigura
is the third-largest physical commodities trading group in the world behind Vitol and Glencore. Trafigura sources, stores, blends and transports raw materials including oil, refined petroleum products and non-ferrous metals (iron ore and coal). Trade in non-ferrous and bulk commodities – mainly copper, lead and zinc concentrate, alumina, refined metals of copper, lead, zinc and aluminium as well as the iron ore and coal trading books – made up 13% of Trafigura’s overall trading turnover in 2016. The group traded 8.2 million tonnes of non-ferrous metal concentrates and 6.6 million tonnes of non-ferrous refined metal during the year. Overall volume


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

Slag
the alumina and silica separated from the metal, and assist in the removal of sulfur and phosphorus from the steel. Ferrous and non-ferrous smelting processes produce different slags. The smelting of copper and lead in non-ferrous smelting, for instance, is designed to remove the iron and silica that often occurs with those ores, and separates them as iron-silicate-based slags. Slag from steel mills in ferrous smelting, on the other hand, is designed to minimize iron loss and so mainly contains oxides of calcium, silicon, magnesium, and aluminium. Any sandy component or quartz component of the original ore automatically carries through


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

"British Metals Recycling Association"
British Metals Recycling Association As a trade association, the British Metals Recycling Association (BMRA) represents over 300 organisations working across UK’s metal recycling sector. Its website also helps members of the public to find a local metal recycling organisation. It is based in Cambridgeshire, England. The UK’s £5 billion metals recycling industry supplies environmentally sound raw materials to metals manufacturers around the world. The wider industry comprises an estimated 2,500 businesses, employing 8,000-10,000 people, and processes approximately 13 million tonnes of ferrous and non-ferrous metals every year. The BMRA’s members trade and process steel, aluminium, copper and most other ferrous


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

"Liberty House Group"
Liberty House Group Liberty House Group (also referred to as Liberty House or Liberty House UK) is an industrial and metals company founded in the United Kingdom in 1992 by industrialist Sanjeev Gupta. It is headquartered in Mayfair, London and has global hubs in Dubai, Singapore and Hong Kong. The company focuses on ferrous and non-ferrous metal trading, metals recycling, steel and aluminium production, and engineering products and services. The company, together with the SIMEC Group, part of the GFG Alliance, purchased the Lochaber aluminium smelter plant from Rio Tinto Group in November 2016. In February 2017, the company agreed


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

"Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy"
a cathode plate (electrowinning); or smelted then melted using an electric arc or plasma arc furnace (electrothermic reactor). Extractive metallurgy of ferrous and non-ferrous metals can involve pyrometallurgy, but chemical processes like hydrometallurgy and electrometallurgy are far more common in method of non-ferrous extraction. Another major difference in non-ferrous extraction is the greater emphasis on minimizing metal losses in slag. This is widely due to the exceptional scarcity and economic value of certain non-ferrous metals which are, inevitably, discarded during the extraction process to some extent. Thus, material resource scarcity and shortages are of great concern to the non-ferrous industry.


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

Scrap
non-ferrous. Metals which contain iron in them are known as ""ferrous"" where metals without iron are ""non-ferrous"". Non-ferrous metals also include precious and exotic metals. OSHA guidelines should be followed when recycling any type of scrap metal to ensure safety. Ferrous metals are able to be recycled, with steel being one of the most recycled materials in the world. Ferrous metals contain an appreciable percentage of iron and the addition of carbon and other substances creates steel. In the United States, steel containers, cans, automobiles, appliances, and construction materials contribute the greatest weight of recycled materials. For example, in 2008,


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

"Non-ferrous metal"
alloys such as brass. Precious metals such as gold, silver and platinum and exotic or rare metals such as cobalt, mercury, tungsten, beryllium, bismuth, cerium, cadmium, niobium, indium, gallium, germanium, lithium, selenium, tantalum, tellurium, vanadium, and zirconium are also non-ferrous. They are usually obtained through minerals such as sulfides, carbonates, and silicates. Non-ferrous metals are usually refined through electrolysis. Due to their extensive use, non-ferrous scrap metals are usually recycled. The secondary materials in scrap are vital to the metallurgy industry, as the production of new metals often needs them. Some recycling facilities re-smelt and recast non-ferrous materials; the dross


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

"British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association"
British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association The British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association was a research group in the United Kingdom during the 20th century, bringing together public and privately funded research into metallurgy. The name was abbreviated officially to B.N.F.M.R.A. (the organisation was normally known as ‘The BNF’ during its life). It was formed in 1920 by members of the British Non-Ferrous Metals Federation which represented the commercial interests of British manufacturers of coppers and copper alloys, lead, zinc and other non-ferrous metals and their alloys, latterly including titanium. Robert Hutton was appointed director in 1921. The 600 or so subscribing


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

"Heat treating"
precipitation hardening alloys include 2000 series, 6000 series, and 7000 series aluminium alloy, as well as some superalloys and some stainless steels. Steels that harden by aging are typically referred to as maraging steels, from a combination of the term ""martensite aging."" Quenching is a process of cooling a metal at a rapid rate. This is most often done to produce a martensite transformation. In ferrous alloys, this will often produce a harder metal, while non-ferrous alloys will usually become softer than normal. To harden by quenching, a metal (usually steel or cast iron) must be heated above the upper


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

"Shanghai Metal Exchange"
Shanghai Metal Exchange Shanghai Metal Exchange (SHME), one of the national level futures exchanges of China, was established on 28 May 1992. SHME is a non-profit, self-regulating corporation. The exchange was created for trading in non-ferrous metals and currently contracts for several non-ferrous metals including copper, aluminum, lead, zinc, tin, nickel. SHME is located in the city of Shanghai and its geographical location bridges the time gap between London Metal Exchange and New York Mercantile Exchange markets, thus enabling traders across the world to have a 24-hour access to futures contracts of non-ferrous metals. SHME is currently the largest non-ferrous


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

"Eddy current separator"
rotor. Non-ferrous metals are thrown forward from the belt into a product bin, while non-metals simply fall off the belt due to gravity. Eddy current separators may use a rotating drum with permanent magnets, or may use an electromagnet depending on the type of separator. A patent for a device using eddy currents to separate non-ferrous metals from non-metals was granted to William Benson and Thomas Falconer of Eriez Magnetics in 1969. Eddy current separator An eddy current separator uses a powerful magnetic field to separate non-ferrous metals from waste after all ferrous metals have been removed previously by some


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

Metallurgy
is distinguished from the craft of metalworking, although metalworking relies on metallurgy, as medicine relies on medical science, for technical advancement. The science of metallurgy is subdivided into chemical metallurgy and physical metallurgy. Metallurgy is subdivided into ferrous metallurgy (also known as ""black metallurgy"") and non-ferrous metallurgy (also known as ""colored metallurgy""). Ferrous metallurgy involves processes and alloys based on iron while non-ferrous metallurgy involves processes and alloys based on other metals. The production of ferrous metals accounts for 95 percent of world metal production. The roots of ""metallurgy"" derive from Ancient Greek: μεταλλουργός, ""metallourgós"", ""worker in metal"", from μέταλλον,


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

"Sheet metal"
gauge numbers to designate sheet metal thickness is discouraged by numerous international standards organizations. For example, ASTM states in specification ASTM A480-10a: ""The use of gauge number is discouraged as being an archaic term of limited usefulness not having general agreement on meaning."" Manufacturers' Standard Gauge for Sheet Steel is based on an average weight of 41.82 lb (18.96 kg) per square foot per inch thick. Gauge is defined differently for ferrous (iron-based) and non-ferrous metals (e.g. aluminium and brass). During the rolling process the rollers bow slightly, which results in the sheets being thinner on the edges. The tolerances


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

Aluminium
used non-ferrous metal. The global production of aluminium in 2016 was 58.8 million metric tons. It exceeded that of any other metal except iron (1,231 million metric tons). Aluminium is almost always alloyed, which markedly improves its mechanical properties, especially when tempered. For example, the common aluminium foils and beverage cans are alloys of 92% to 99% aluminium. The main alloying agents are copper, zinc, magnesium, manganese, and silicon (e.g., duralumin) with the levels of other metals in a few percent by weight. The major uses for aluminium metal are in: The great majority (about 90%) of aluminium oxide is


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

"British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association"
development work on non-ferrous metals similar to and sooner than the BNF in Britain. During the 1970s the BNF became the BNF Metals Technology Centre and moved out of London to Grove Laboratories, Wantage, Oxfordshire. Recognising globalisation, membership was then opened to companies based overseas. In 1990 the BNF bought Fulmer Research Laboratories from the Institute of Physics and was renamed the BNF-Fulmer, then BNF (Fulmer Materials Centre). The laboratories were closed in 1992. British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association The British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association was a research group in the United Kingdom during the 20th century, bringing together public


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

"Automotive shredder residue"
calcite, magnetite, anhydrite and hematite. Some of the methods to recycle ASR are: Automotive shredder residue The shredding of automobiles and major household appliances is a process where a hammermill acts as a giant tree chipper by grinding the materials fed into it to fist-size pieces. The shredding of automobiles results in a mixture of ferrous metal, non-ferrous metal (e.g. alloys of copper and aluminium) and shredder waste, called automotive shredder residue or automobile shredder residue (ASR). ASR consists of glass, fiber, rubber, automobile liquids, plastics and dirt. ASR is sometimes differentiated into shredder light fraction and dust. Sometimes these


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

"Automotive shredder residue"
Automotive shredder residue The shredding of automobiles and major household appliances is a process where a hammermill acts as a giant tree chipper by grinding the materials fed into it to fist-size pieces. The shredding of automobiles results in a mixture of ferrous metal, non-ferrous metal (e.g. alloys of copper and aluminium) and shredder waste, called automotive shredder residue or automobile shredder residue (ASR). ASR consists of glass, fiber, rubber, automobile liquids, plastics and dirt. ASR is sometimes differentiated into shredder light fraction and dust. Sometimes these residual materials are called ""Car-fluff"". ASR often contains hazardous substances such as lead,


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

"Scrap metal shredder"
Scrap metal shredder A scrap metal shredder, also sometimes referred to as a metal scrap shredder, is a machine used for reducing the size of scrap metal. Scrap metal shredders come in many different variations and sizes. Some examples of scrap metal materials that are commonly shredded are: Auto shredders are large machines that turn a car into a large bucket of scrap steel and the rest of the car into non-ferrous materials, plastics and waste. The glass, fabric, plastic, and all other non ferrous materials are separated by eddy current magnets in place of heavy media separation. The non-ferrous


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

Bashkortostan
some 3,000 mineral resources. Bashkortostan is rich in crude oil reserves, and was one of the principal centers of oil extraction in the Russian Federation. Other major resources are natural gas, coal, ferrous metal ores, manganese, chromite, iron ores, non-ferrous metals ores (lead, tungsten), non-metallic ores (rock crystal, fluorite, Iceland spar, sulfide pyrites, barite, silicates, silica, asbestos, talcum), deposits of precious and semi-precious stones and natural stones (malachite, jade, granite). The republic has enough mineral resources to provide its power and fuel complex as well as petrochemical, chemical, agro-industrial complex, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, glass-making and ceramic branches with raw


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

"Electronic waste"
Another benefit of recycling e-waste is that many of the materials can be recycled and re-used again. Materials that can be recycled include ""ferrous (iron-based) and non-ferrous metals, glass, and various types of plastic."" “Non-ferrous metals, mainly aluminum and copper can all be re-smelted and re-manufactured. Ferrous metals such as steel and iron can be also be re-used."" Due to the recent surge in popularity in 3D printing, certain 3D printers have been designed (FDM variety) to produce waste that can be easily recycled which decreases the amount of harmful pollutants in the atmosphere. The excess plastic from these printers


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

"Eddy current"
an eddy current separator. Ferrous metals cling to the magnet, and aluminum (and other non-ferrous conductors) are forced away from the magnet; this can separate a waste stream into ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metal. With a very strong handheld magnet, such as those made from neodymium, one can easily observe a very similar effect by rapidly sweeping the magnet over a coin with only a small separation. Depending on the strength of the magnet, identity of the coin, and separation between the magnet and coin, one may induce the coin to be pushed slightly ahead of the magnet – even


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

Scrap
materials, that can help recyclers make more money on their metal recycling. When a magnet sticks to the metal, it will be a ferrous material, like steel or iron. This is usually a less expensive item that is recycled but usually is recycled in larger quantities of thousands of pounds. Non-ferrous metals like copper, aluminum, and brass do not stick to a magnet. Some cheaper grades of stainless steel are magnetic, other grades are not. These items are higher priced commodities for metal recycling and are important to separate when recycling them. The prices of non-ferrous metals also tend to


Question: is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal

Answer: non-ferrous

"Waste autoclave"
fibre separation, the secondary streams consist of mixed plastics, which have normally been softened and deformed which eases separation, a glass and aggregate stream, separate ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The heat, steam and rotating action of the autoclave vessel strip off labels and glues from food cans leaving a very high quality ferrous/non-ferrous stream for recycling. With the removal of water, fibre, metals, and much of the plastics, the residual waste stream for disposal may be less than 10% by weight of the original stream, and is essentially devoid of materials that decompose to produce methane. Systems in Europe meet


Question: three act puccini opera first performed in 1900

Answer: Tosca

"Gianni Schicchi"
Edoardo Sonzogno for the best such work, which was won by the young Pietro Mascagni's ""Cavalleria rusticana"". With ""Tosca"" essentially completed by November 1899, Puccini sought a new project. Among sources he considered, before proceeding with ""Madama Butterfly"", were three works by French dramatist Alphonse Daudet that Puccini thought might be made into a trilogy of one-act operas. After ""Butterfly"" premiered in 1904, Puccini again had difficulty finding a new subject. He further considered the idea of composing three one-act operas to be performed together, but found his publisher, Giulio Ricordi, firmly opposed to such a project, convinced that it


Question: three act puccini opera first performed in 1900

Answer: Tosca

"New York City Opera"
New York City Opera."" NYCO Renaissance presented Puccini's ""Tosca"" – using Adolfo Hohenstein's stage and costume design from the opera's premiere in 1900 in Rome – in January 2016 at the 1,100-seat Rose Theater. It had two separate casts, including tenor James Valenti and soprano Latonia Moore, and the least expensive balcony seats were $25. ""Tosca"" had been, in 1944, the first opera performed by the NYCO. The NYCO announced that it would round out the 2015–16 season with the performance of three contemporary works, all new to the company. On March 16, 2016, a new concert series at the


Question: three act puccini opera first performed in 1900

Answer: Tosca

Tosca
Tosca Tosca is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. It premiered at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome on 14 January 1900. The work, based on Victorien Sardou's 1887 French-language dramatic play, ""La Tosca"", is a melodramatic piece set in Rome in June 1800, with the Kingdom of Naples's control of Rome threatened by Napoleon's invasion of Italy. It contains depictions of torture, murder and suicide, as well as some of Puccini's best-known lyrical arias. Puccini saw Sardou's play when it was touring Italy in 1889 and, after some


Question: three act puccini opera first performed in 1900

Answer: Tosca

Tosca
never hears. Notes Sources Tosca Tosca is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. It premiered at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome on 14 January 1900. The work, based on Victorien Sardou's 1887 French-language dramatic play, ""La Tosca"", is a melodramatic piece set in Rome in June 1800, with the Kingdom of Naples's control of Rome threatened by Napoleon's invasion of Italy. It contains depictions of torture, murder and suicide, as well as some of Puccini's best-known lyrical arias. Puccini saw Sardou's play when it was touring Italy in


Question: three act puccini opera first performed in 1900

Answer: Tosca

"Madama Butterfly"
performance on 28 May 1904 in Brescia. ""Madama Butterfly"" is a staple of the operatic repertoire around the world, ranked 6th by Operabase; Puccini's ""La bohème"" and ""Tosca"" rank 3rd and 5th. Puccini wrote five versions of the opera. The original two-act version, which was presented at the world premiere at La Scala on 17 February 1904, was withdrawn after the disastrous premiere. Puccini then substantially rewrote it, this time in three acts. This second version was performed on 28 May 1904 in Brescia, where it was a great success. It was this second version that premiered in the United


Question: three act puccini opera first performed in 1900

Answer: Tosca

"Giacomo Puccini"
Because only three ""verismo"" works by Puccini continue to appear regularly on stage (the aforementioned ""Cavalleria rusticana"", ""Pagliacci"", and ""Andrea Chénier""), Puccini's contribution has had lasting significance to the genre. Both during his lifetime and in posterity, Puccini's success outstripped other Italian opera composers of his time, and he has been matched in this regard by only a handful of composers in the entire history of opera. Eleven of Puccini's operas are numbered among the 200 most-performed operas (worldwide, by composers of any nationality, as surveyed by Operabase). Three of his works (""La bohème"", ""Tosca"", and ""Madama Butterfly"") rank among


Question: three act puccini opera first performed in 1900

Answer: Tosca

"Giacomo Puccini"
referred to her well publicised affair with Arturo Toscanini. This version was in two acts; after its disastrous premiere, Puccini withdrew the opera, revising it for what was virtually a second premiere at Brescia in May 1904 and performances in Buenos Aires, London, the USA and Paris. In 1907, Puccini made his final revisions to the opera in a fifth version, which has become known as the ""standard version"". Today, the standard version of the opera is the version most often performed around the world. However, the original 1904 version is occasionally performed as well, and has been recorded. After


Question: three act puccini opera first performed in 1900

Answer: Tosca

"Giacomo Puccini"
""La bohème"" was ""Tosca"" (1900), arguably Puccini's first foray into ""verismo"", the realistic depiction of many facets of real life including violence. Puccini had been considering an opera on this theme since he saw the play ""Tosca"" by Victorien Sardou in 1889, when he wrote to his publisher, Giulio Ricordi, begging him to get Sardou's permission for the work to be made into an opera: ""I see in this ""Tosca"" the opera I need, with no overblown proportions, no elaborate spectacle, nor will it call for the usual excessive amount of music."" The music of ""Tosca"" employs musical signatures for


Question: three act puccini opera first performed in 1900

Answer: Tosca

Tosca
containing the motif that would be associated with Scarpia, is dated January 1898. At Puccini's request, Giacosa irritably provided new lyrics for the act 1 love duet. In August, Puccini removed several numbers from the opera, according to his biographer, Mary Jane Phillips-Matz, ""cut[ting] ""Tosca"" to the bone, leaving three strong characters trapped in an airless, violent, tightly wound melodrama that had little room for lyricism"". At the end of the year, Puccini wrote that he was ""busting his balls"" on the opera. Puccini asked clerical friends for words for the congregation to mutter at the start of the act


Question: three act puccini opera first performed in 1900

Answer: Tosca

"Giacomo Puccini"
Giacomo Puccini Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (; 22 December 1858 29 November 1924) was an Italian opera composer who has been called ""the greatest composer of Italian opera after Verdi"". Puccini's early work was rooted in traditional late-19th-century romantic Italian opera. Later, he successfully developed his work in the realistic ""verismo"" style, of which he became one of the leading exponents. Puccini's most renowned works are ""La bohème"" (1896), ""Tosca"" (1900), ""Madama Butterfly"" (1904), and ""Turandot"" (1924), all of which are among the important operas played as standards. Puccini was born Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria


Question: three act puccini opera first performed in 1900

Answer: Tosca

Tosca
and instructed Mugnone (who had survived a theatre bombing in Barcelona), that in an emergency he was to strike up the royal march. The unrest caused the premiere to be postponed by one day, to 14 January. By 1900, the premiere of a Puccini opera was a national event. Many Roman dignitaries attended, as did Queen Margherita, though she arrived late, after the first act. The Prime Minister of Italy, Luigi Pelloux was present, with several members of his cabinet. A number of Puccini's operatic rivals were there, including Franchetti, Pietro Mascagni, Francesco Cilea and Ildebrando Pizzetti. Shortly after the


Question: who played bubba in the heat of the night

Answer: Carlos Alan Autry Jr.

"Alan Autry"
Alan Autry Carlos Alan Autry Jr. (also known for a period of time as Carlos Brown; born July 31, 1952), is an American actor, politician, and former National Football League player. During his brief football career, he was known as Carlos Brown. He played the role of Captain Bubba Skinner on the NBC television series, ""In the Heat of the Night"", starring Carroll O'Connor. He has also appeared in films and other television shows. In November 2000, he was elected mayor of Fresno, California, and served for two four-year terms through January 2009. In 2008, Autry was hosting a radio


Question: who is the singer of kal ho na ho

Answer: Sonu Nigam

"Kal Ho Naa Ho (song)"
Kal Ho Naa Ho (song) ""Kal Ho Naa Ho"" ( Tomorrow may never come) is a 2003 Hindi-language filmi song performed by Sonu Nigam for the 2003 Indian romantic drama film of the same name. The track was composed by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy, while lyrics were written by Javed Akhtar. In a pathos version, Nigam is joined by Alka Yagnik and Richa Sharma. ""Kal Ho Naa Ho"" was directed by Nikhil Advani and written by Karan Johar; the latter co-produced it with his father Yash Johar under the banner of Dharma Productions. The music video of ""Kal Ho Naa Ho"" features leads


Question: who is the singer of kal ho na ho

Answer: Sonu Nigam

"49th Filmfare Awards"
in Munna Bhai M.B.B.S."" as Murli Prasad ""Munna"" ""Shahid Kapoor in Ishq Vishk"" ""Priyanka Chopra and Lara Dutta for Andaaz"" ""3 Deewarein – Nagesh Kukunoor"" ""Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. – Vidhu Vinod Chopra , Rajkumar Hirani and Lajan Joseph"" ""Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. – Abbas Tyrewala"" ""Kal Ho Naa Ho – Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy"" ""Kal Ho Naa Ho – Javed Akhtar for Kal Ho Naa Ho"" ""Kal Ho Naa Ho – Sonu Nigam for Kal Ho Naa Ho"" ""Jism – Shreya Ghoshal for Jadoo Hai Nasha Hai"" ""Gangaajal – Wayne Sharpe"" ""Vishal-Shekhar – Jhankaar Beats"" "" – Allan Amin"" ""Pinjar – Muneesh Sappel"" ""Chameli


Question: who is the singer of kal ho na ho

Answer: Sonu Nigam

"Kal Ho Naa Ho (song)"
songs the winners were ranked according to the number of votes each song got. ""Kal Ho Naa Ho"" was ranked at 19 making it the only contemporary selection in the list. The track was featured in ""Hindustan Times's"" ""Song of the Century"" list, which described the song as ""one of the most unforgettable tunes in recent times."" Kal Ho Naa Ho (song) ""Kal Ho Naa Ho"" ( Tomorrow may never come) is a 2003 Hindi-language filmi song performed by Sonu Nigam for the 2003 Indian romantic drama film of the same name. The track was composed by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy, while lyrics


Question: who is the singer of kal ho na ho

Answer: Sonu Nigam

"Kal Ho Naa Ho"
UK and US, grossing in the UK top ten. It earned 279.1 million ($6,112,571 in 2003) overseas, the year's highest-grossing Indian film. Earning a total of 860.9 million ($18,854,577 in 2003), it was also 2003's most profitable Indian film. At the 51st National Film Awards, Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy received the award for Best Music Direction and Sonu Nigam received the Best Male Playback Singer award. ""Kal Ho Naa Ho"" received eleven nominations at the 49th Filmfare Awards, and won eight—the most for any film that year, including Best Actress (Zinta), Best Supporting Actor (Saif Ali Khan) and Best Supporting Actress (Bachchan). The


Question: who is the singer of kal ho na ho

Answer: Richa Sharma

"Richa Sharma (singer)"
(the song ""Duppatte Ka Palu""), ""Baghban"" (Title Song for Aadesh Shrivastava); ""Soch"" (the song ""Nikal Chali Be"" for Jatin-Lalit); ""Rudraksh"", ""Kal Ho Naa Ho"" (Sad version of the title track for Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy); ""Gangajal"" (Sandesh Shandilya); ""Popcorn Khao Mast Ho Jao"" (Vishal-Shekhar), ""Saawariya"" (Monty Sharma), and ""Om Shanti Om"" (Vishal-Shekhar) and the most popular song for ""Kaante"" (""Mahi Ve"" for Anand Raaj Anand). The versatile playback singer has also done quite a few albums to showcase her talent. Albums like ""Ni Main Yaar Nu Sajda Kardi"", ""Piya"" and ""Winds of Rajasthan"" (for Times Music released early 2004) have brought out the


Question: another name for the torso is the blank region of the body

Answer: trunk

"Gait deviations"
in transfemoral amputees for lifting the prosthesis and providing foot clearance. This behavior is colloquially known as 'hip-hiking'. As such, rotation and obliquity of the pelvis have been determined to be instrumental in producing more symmetric gait, even when the rotation itself is asymmetric between intact and impaired limbs. Torso or trunk motion is also linked to amputee gait, specifically increasing upper-body ranges of motion with decreasing walking velocity. Another study observed a coupling of torso and pelvis rotations. They noted that the 'hip-hiking' behavior made the rotations of the upper and lower body 'in' or 'out' of phase depending


Question: another name for the torso is the blank region of the body

Answer: trunk

Torso
and lumbar parts of the spinal cord. Some organs also receive a nerve supply from the vagus nerve. The sensation to the skin is provided by: Torso The torso or trunk is an anatomical term for the central part or core of many animal bodies (including humans) from which extend the neck and limbs. The torso includes: the chest, abdomen, and back. Most critical organs are housed within the torso. In the upper chest, the heart and lungs are protected by the rib cage, and the abdomen contains most of the organs responsible for digestion: the stomach, which breaks down


Question: where did the crown of thorns starfish come from

Answer: Indo-Pacific

"Crown-of-thorns starfish"
Crown-of-thorns starfish The crown-of-thorns starfish, ""Acanthaster planci"", is a large starfish that preys upon hard, or stony, coral polyps (Scleractinia). The crown-of-thorns starfish receives its name from venomous thorn-like spines that cover its upper surface, resembling the biblical crown of thorns. It is one of the largest starfish in the world. ""A. planci"" has a very wide Indo-Pacific distribution. It is perhaps most common in Australia, but can occur at tropical and subtropical latitudes from the Red Sea and the east African coast across the Indian Ocean, and across the Pacific Ocean to the west coast of Central America. It


Question: where did the crown of thorns starfish come from

Answer: Indo-Pacific

"Crown-of-thorns starfish"
in the fish fauna and long-terms studies of coral reef fish communities confirm this expectation. Large populations of crown-of-thorns starfish (sometime emotively known as 'plagues') have been substantiated as occurring at twenty one locations of coral reefs during the 1960s to 1980s. These locations ranged from the Red Sea through the tropical Indo-Pacific region to French Polynesia. There were at least two substantiated repeated outbreaks at ten of these locations. Values of starfish density from 140/ha to 1,000/ha have been considered in various reports to be outbreak populations, while starfish densities less than 100/ha have been considered to be low;


Question: where did the crown of thorns starfish come from

Answer: Indo-Pacific

"Acropora abrotanoides"
coral reefs, the increase of temperature causing coral bleaching, climate change, human activity, the crown-of-thorns starfish (""Acanthaster planci"") and disease. Acropora abrotanoides Acropora abrotanoides is a species of acroporid coral found in Indo-Pacific waters from the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden east to the East China Sea, Japan, the central Pacific Ocean and Australia. It is found in shallow coral reefs that are exposed to the action of strong waves, at depths up to 15 m. It is vulnerable to coral bleaching, disease and crown-of-thorns starfish. It is resistant to predation as it has well-developed radial corallite lips.


Question: who did bette midler portray in the rose

Answer: Mary Rose Foster

"The Rose (film)"
written by Bill Kerby and Bo Goldman from a story by Bill Kerby, and directed by Mark Rydell. ""The Rose"" was nominated for four Academy Awards including Best Actress in a Leading Role (Bette Midler, in her screen debut), Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Frederic Forrest), Best Film Editing and Best Sound. Midler performed the soundtrack album for the film, and the title track became one of her biggest hit singles. In late 1969, Mary Rose Foster (Bette Midler) is a famous rock and roll diva known as The Rose. Although a success, she is burnt out and lonely


Question: what is the setting of the story sorry wrong number

Answer: Manhattan

"Sorry, Wrong Number"
""Sorry, Wrong Number"" conforms to many of the conventions of film noir. The movie plays in real time, with many flashbacks to flesh out the story. Stanwyck's bedroom window overlooks the night skyline of Manhattan. The film is shot very dark, with looming shadows and a circling camera used to maintain a high level of suspense. Hollywood's Production Code Administration initially objected to elements of Fletcher's screenplay, including its depiction of drug trafficking, and the script was significantly revised to win approval. For her role in the film, Stanwyck was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Lucille Fletcher's


Question: what is the setting of the story sorry wrong number

Answer: Manhattan

"Lucille Fletcher"
score for the November 17, 1941, radio debut of Fletcher's famous story, ""The Hitch-Hiker"" on ""The Orson Welles Show"". Fletcher's greatest success, ""Sorry, Wrong Number"", premiered on May 25, 1943, as an episode of the radio series ""Suspense"". Agnes Moorehead created the role in the first performance and again in several later radio productions. It was broadcast nationwide seven times between 1943 and 1948. Fletcher's daughter Dorothy Herrmann told ""The New York Times"" that Fletcher got the idea for ""Sorry, Wrong Number"" when she was buying food for her sick child at a local grocery on Manhattan's East Side, and


Question: where do they get the hair for a hair transplant

Answer: legs

"Tarzoon: Shame of the Jungle"
Queen Bazonga, who resides in a blimp, inside a cave shaped like a women's legs spread open revealing her vagina, plans to conquer Earth. Before she can do that, however, she wishes to have a full set of hair so people can take her seriously. Her two-headed assistant, called the Charles Of The Pits, suggests a ""scalp transplant"", an experiment where someone else's hair is transplanted to another person's head. Bazonga demands that she wants the hair of June, the maid of Shame: Ruler of the jungle. Bazonga sends out her penis soldiers to kidnap June. Meanwhile, that night, June


Question: where do they get the hair for a hair transplant

Answer: chest

"Hair transplantation"
Hair transplantation Hair transplantation is a surgical technique that removes hair follicles from one part of the body, called the 'donor site', to a bald or balding part of the body known as the 'recipient site'. The technique is primarily used to treat male pattern baldness. In this minimally invasive procedure, grafts containing hair follicles that are genetically resistant to balding (like the back of the head) are transplanted to the bald scalp. Hair transplantation can also be used to restore eyelashes, eyebrows, beard hair, chest hair, pubic hair and to fill in scars caused by accidents or surgery such


Question: where do they get the hair for a hair transplant

Answer: back

"Eyebrow restoration"
hair and eyebrow restoration surgery technique is follicular unit transplantation, which involves the removal of donor follicles from the back of the patient's head (where hair tends to be more permanent). The most advanced form of follicular unit surgery is with the robotic system. Once removed, the ""donor area"" is then stitched back up with no visible scarring. The donor follicles are then transplanted into the ""problem areas"" of the patient’s scalp. Eyebrow transplants are designed to restore growing hair to eyebrows that are overly thin, scarred, or completely missing. The absence of hair can be due to genetics, prior


Question: where do they get the hair for a hair transplant

Answer: back of the head

Eyebrow
more common for men to pluck part of their eyebrows. To create a fuller look, eyebrows can be cloned in an eyebrow transplant. Individual strands of the eyebrow are created to mimic a natural-looking eyebrow of the desired shape. The process of eyebrow transplant is quite similar to the process of hair transplant. In this process as well, follicles from an active area are transferred to the area where there are no hairs. Follicles are mostly taken from the back of the head because it is the best harvesting site when it comes to hairs. The follicles are then injected


Question: where do they get the hair for a hair transplant

Answer: back

Laxometer
Laxometer A laxometer is a measuring device for scalp skin mobility, used in hair restoration surgery, where a strip of skin from a donor area on the back of the scalp is transplanted. The laxometer was first presented at the 15th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery in Las Vegas. It was invented by Parsa Mohebi, M.D. and introduced as the first tool that could objectively measure the laxity of scalp in hair transplant patients. The second generation of Laxometer (Laxometer II was introduced in September 2011 in the scientific meeting of International Society of Hair


Question: where do they get the hair for a hair transplant

Answer: back of the head

"Hair transplantation"
restoration. The ARTAS System was FDA approved in 2011 for use in harvesting follicular units from brown-haired and black-haired men. Despite the advantages of robotic hair restoration systems, there are still some disadvantages such as the size of the punches being relatively large in comparison to what is used in other methods of FUE, and the high costs associated with the devices. There are a number of applications for hair transplant surgery, including: If donor hair numbers from the back of the head are insufficient, it is possible to perform body hair transplantation (BHT) on appropriate candidates who have available


Question: where do they get the hair for a hair transplant

Answer: back

"Hair transplantation"
the learning curve to acquire the skills necessary is lengthy and tough. Some surgeons note that FUE can lead to a lower ratio of successfully transplanted follicles as compared to strip harvesting. Follicular unit transplant (FUT) is the traditional hair transplant method which involves extracting a linear strip of hair bearing skin from the back or the side of the scalp. The strip is then dissected to separate individual grafts. Robotic hair restoration devices utilize cameras and robotic arms to assist the surgeon with the FUE procedure. In 2009, NeoGraft became the first robotic surgical device FDA approved for hair


Question: where do they get the hair for a hair transplant

Answer: back

"Hair follicle"
they continue to grow hair in the normal hair cycle, thus providing the hair restoration patient with permanent, naturally-growing hair. More than 60% of men and 10% of women suffer from hair loss. While hair transplantation dates back to the 1950s, and plucked human hair follicle cell culture in vitro to the early 1980s, it was not until 1995 when hair transplantation using individual follicular units was introduced into medical literature. Hair follicle The hair follicle is a dynamic organ found in mammalian skin. It resides in the dermal layer of the skin and is made up of 20 different


Question: where do they get the hair for a hair transplant

Answer: back

"Hair loss"
carried out under local anaesthetic. A surgeon will move healthy hair from the back and sides of the head to areas of thinning. The procedure can take between four and eight hours, and additional sessions can be carried out to make hair even thicker. Transplanted hair falls out within a few weeks, but regrows permanently within months. Hair transplants, takes tiny plugs of skin, each which contains a few hairs, and implants the plugs into bald sections. The plugs are generally taken from the back or sides of the scalp. Several transplant sessions may be necessary. Hypothermia caps may be


Question: the vast interior rural area of australia is known as the

Answer: Outback

"Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia"
Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia (RFDS, informally known as The Flying Doctor) is one of the largest and most comprehensive aeromedical organisations in the world. It provides emergency and primary health care services for those living in rural, remote and regional areas of Australia. It is a non-profit organisation which provides health care to people who cannot access a hospital or general practice due to the vast distances of the Outback. The Reverend John Flynn had worked in rural and remote areas of Victoria and was commissioned by the Presbyterian Church to


Question: the vast interior rural area of australia is known as the

Answer: The Outback

Outback
Outback The Outback is the vast, remote interior of Australia. ""The Outback"" is more remote than those areas named ""the bush"" which is any location outside the main urban areas. While often envisaged as being arid, the Outback regions extend from the northern to southern Australian coastlines, and encompass a number of climatic zones; including tropical and monsoonal climates in northern areas, arid areas in the ""red centre"" and semi-arid and temperate climates in southerly regions. Geographically, the Outback is unified by a combination of factors, most notably a low human population density, a largely intact, natural environment and, in


Question: the vast interior rural area of australia is known as the

Answer: The Outback

Outback
tourists and locals becoming stranded on outback trips occasionally occur, sometimes because insufficient water and food supplies were taken, or because people have walked away from their vehicle in search of help. Travellers through very remote areas should always inform a reliable person of their route and expected destination arrival time, and remember that a vehicle is much easier to locate in an aerial search, than a person, so in the event of a breakdown, they must not leave their vehicle. Outback The Outback is the vast, remote interior of Australia. ""The Outback"" is more remote than those areas named


Question: where does blood go when it leaves the pulmonary artery

Answer: lungs

"Foramen secundum"
blood. The foramen secundum and foramen ovale act as a shunt where blood bypasses the lungs and does not become oxygenated. To provide proper blood flow as a newborn, the foramen secundum and foramen ovale must close at birth. Since the lungs now require a significant amount of blood flow, the vessels going to and from the lungs undergo dilation. While the pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins are dilating, the umbilical artery and umbilical vein are severed at the cutting of the umbilical cord, or the funiculus umbilicalis. This combination results in a reversal of pressure differences between the atria,


Question: where does blood go when it leaves the pulmonary artery

Answer: lungs

"Pulmonary shunt"
consideration results in de-oxygenated blood going to the heart from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. If giving pure oxygen at 100% for five-ten minutes doesn't raise the arterial pressure of O2 more than it does the alveolar pressure of O2 then the defect in the lung is because of a pulmonary shunt. This is because although the PO2 of alveolar gas has been changed by giving pure supplemental O2, the PaO2 (arterial gas pressure) will not increase that much because the V/Q mismatch still exists and it will still add some de-oxygenated blood to the arterial system via the


Question: where does blood go when it leaves the pulmonary artery

Answer: lungs

"Pulmonary circulation"
Human knowledge of pulmonary circulation grew gradually over centuries, and scientists Ibn al-Nafis, Michael Servetus, and William Harvey provided some of the first accurate descriptions of this process. Deoxygenated blood leaves the heart, goes to the lungs, and then re-enters the heart; Deoxygenated blood leaves through the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery. From the right atrium, the blood is pumped through the tricuspid valve (or right atrioventricular valve), into the right ventricle. Blood is then pumped from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve and into the main pulmonary artery. The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs,


Question: where does blood go when it leaves the pulmonary artery

Answer: lungs

Artery
away from the heart to the tissues, except for pulmonary arteries, which carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation (usually veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart but the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood as well). There are two types of unique arteries. The pulmonary artery carries blood from the heart to the lungs, where it receives oxygen. It is unique because the blood in it is not ""oxygenated"", as it has not yet passed through the lungs. The other unique artery is the umbilical artery, which carries deoxygenated blood from a fetus to its mother. Arteries have a blood


Question: where does blood go when it leaves the pulmonary artery

Answer: lungs

"Biofluid dynamics"
veins before reaching the right heart. Thus completing the cycle of blood going to heart and then coming from it and going to all parts of the body. The tricuspid valve, right heart (right ventricle), pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins and right heart are the elements of the Pulmonary Circulation System. The process of gas exchange, that is, exchange of carbon dioxide with oxygen in the lungs is the main function of the pulmonary system. The de-oxygenated blood from the right ventricle is pumped to the lungs where the capillaries surrounding the alveole sacks exchange carbon dioxide for


Question: where does blood go when it leaves the pulmonary artery

Answer: lungs

"Pulmonary circulation"
where carbon dioxide is released and oxygen is picked up during respiration. Arteries are further divided into very fine capillaries which are extremely thin-walled. The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart. The oxygenated blood then leaves the lungs through pulmonary veins, which return it to the left heart, completing the pulmonary cycle. This blood then enters the left atrium, which pumps it through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. From the left ventricle, the blood passes through the aortic valve to the aorta. The blood is then distributed to the body through the


Question: where does blood go when it leaves the pulmonary artery

Answer: lungs

"Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension"
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a long-term disease caused by a blockage in the blood vessels that deliver blood from the heart to the lungs (pulmonary arteries), resulting in increased pressure in these arteries (pulmonary hypertension). The blockage either results from a hardened blood clot that is thought to originate from the deep veins of the body (thromboembolism) and remains in the arteries, or from a scar that forms at the site where the clot has damaged the arteries, causing permanent fibrous obstruction (blood flow blockage). Most patients have a combination of microvascular (small vessel)


Question: where does blood go when it leaves the pulmonary artery

Answer: lungs

"Pulmonary artery banding"
Pulmonary artery banding Pulmonary Artery Banding (PAB) was introduced by Muller and Danimann in 1951 as a surgical technique to reduce excessive pulmonary blood flow in infants suffering from congenital heart defects. PAB is a palliative operation as it does not correct the problems, but attempts to improve abnormal heart function, relieve symptoms and reduce high pressure in the lungs. The use of PAB has decreased over the years due to advancements in definitive surgical repairs, however PAB still has widespread clinical use. PAB is commonly used in patients when definitive surgical repair is not feasible. The technique was first


Question: where does blood go when it leaves the pulmonary artery

Answer: lungs

"Major aortopulmonary collateral artery"
Major aortopulmonary collateral artery Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (or MAPCAs) are arteries that develop to supply blood to the lungs when native pulmonary circulation is underdeveloped. Instead of coming from the pulmonary trunk, supply develops from the aorta and other systemic arteries. Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) develop early in embryonic life but regress as the normal pulmonary arteries (vessels that will supply deoxygenated blood to the lungs) develop. In certain heart conditions the pulmonary arteries do not develop. The collaterals continue to grow, and can become the main supply of blood to the lungs. Though it is usually associated


Question: where does blood go when it leaves the pulmonary artery

Answer: lungs

"Fetal circulation"
the placenta, where carbon dioxide and other waste products from the fetus are taken up and enter the maternal circulation. Some of the blood entering the right atrium does not pass directly to the left atrium through the ""foramen ovale"", but enters the right ventricle and is pumped into the pulmonary artery. In the fetus, there is a special connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, called the ""ductus arteriosus"", which directs most of this blood away from the lungs (which are not being used for respiration at this point as the fetus is suspended in amniotic fluid). The


Question: where does blood go when it leaves the pulmonary artery

Answer: lungs

"Pulmonary artery"
Pulmonary artery A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. The largest pulmonary artery is the ""main pulmonary artery."" or ""pulmonary trunk"" from the heart, and the smallest ones are the arterioles, which lead to the capillaries that surround the pulmonary alveoli. In order of blood flow, the pulmonary arteries start as the pulmonary trunk or main pulmonary artery. The main pulmonary artery begins at the base of the right ventricle. It is short and wide—approximately in length and in diameter. The main pulmonary


Question: where does blood go when it leaves the pulmonary artery

Answer: lungs

"Cardiac shunt"
of the person whose heart it is. There are four chambers in a heart: an atrium (upper) and a ventricle (lower) on both the left and right sides. In mammals and birds, blood from the body goes to the right side of the heart first. Blood enters the upper right atrium, is pumped down to the right ventricle and from there to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. Blood going to the lungs is called the pulmonary circulation. When the blood returns to the heart from the lungs via the pulmonary vein, it goes to the left side of the


Question: where does blood go when it leaves the pulmonary artery

Answer: lungs

"Pulmonary artery banding"
to reduce blood flow into the lungs. A variety of banding materials are used; one commonly used material is polytetrafluoroethylene. The band is wrapped around the main pulmonary artery and fixed into place. Once inserted, the band is tightened, narrowing the diameter of the pulmonary artery to reduce blood flow to the lungs and reduce pulmonary artery pressure. PAB followed by later repair is a common surgical alternative when early definitive repair is high-risk. One major difficulty with PAB is assessing the optimal tightness of band, as minimal changes to the diameter of the pulmonary artery can have drastic effects


Question: where does blood go when it leaves the pulmonary artery

Answer: lungs

"Shunt equation"
dead space. The following equation relates the percentage of blood flow that is not exposed to inhaled gas, called the shunt fraction formula_1, to the content of oxygen in venous, arterial, and pulmonary capillary blood. The blood entering the pulmonary system will have oxygen flux formula_3, where formula_4 is oxygen content of the venous blood and formula_5 is the total cardiac output. Similarly, the blood emerging from the pulmonary system will have oxygen flux formula_6, where formula_7 is oxygen content of the arterial blood. This will be made up of blood that bypassed the lungs (formula_8) and that which went