Question: when were the beatles inducted into the rock and roll hall of fame

Answer: 1988

"The Beatles"
they each enjoyed success as solo artists. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of lung cancer in November 2001. McCartney and Starr remain musically active. The Beatles are the best-selling band in history, with estimated sales of over 800 million records worldwide. They are the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988, and all four main members were inducted individually from 1994 to 2015. They have also had more number-one albums on the British charts and


Question: when were the beatles inducted into the rock and roll hall of fame

Answer: 1988

"Derek Taylor"
also worked with George Harrison's film company, Handmade Films. In January 1988, while accepting the Beatles' induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Harrison named Taylor and Neil Aspinall as the two people worthy of the much-used title ""the Fifth Beatle"". In the early 1990s Taylor was asked to rejoin Apple to be in charge of marketing of the multiple projects planned for that decade. The projects included the CD release of the non-Beatle Apple catalogue and major Beatles releases such as ""Live at the BBC"" and compilation albums associated with ""The Beatles Anthology"". In 1973 he wrote


Question: when were the beatles inducted into the rock and roll hall of fame

Answer: 1988

"Paul McCartney"
of Fame in April 2015, and played bass on his 2017 album ""Give More Love"". On 16 December 2018, Starr and Ronnie Wood joined McCartney onstage to perform ""Get Back"" at his concert at London's O2 Arena. McCartney was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 as a member of the Beatles and again as a solo artist in 1999. In 1979, the ""Guinness Book of World Records"" recognised McCartney as the ""most honored composer and performer in music"", with 60 gold discs (43 with the Beatles, 17 with Wings) and, as a member of the


Question: who took over the dutch colony in north america

Answer: England

"Military history of North America"
during this time, with the Dutch conquest of New Sweden during the Second Northern War, and the English conquest of New Netherland during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. By the beginning of the 18th century, the kingdoms of England, France, and Spain were the only remaining colonial powers on the North American mainland. From 1689 to 1763, a series of conflicts between the English/British and the French took place, which saw the two European powers fight a number of wars, spanning a number of continents, including North America. During this period, the colonial powers fought over control of the colonies of


Question: who took over the dutch colony in north america

Answer: English

"Colonial history of New Jersey"
claimed that New Netherland was part of Cabot's discoveries, prior to Hudson. Insisting that John Cabot had been the first to discover North America, the English granted the land that now encompasses New Jersey, who ordered Colonel Richard Nicolls to take over the area. In September 1664, an English fleet under the command of Richard Nicolls sailed into what is now New York Harbor and under threat of attack, forced the provisional surrender of the colony by the Dutch. The English received little resistance due to West India Company's decision not to garrison the colony. Nicolls took the position of


Question: who took over the dutch colony in north america

Answer: English

"Delaware River"
river was first visited by a Dutch East India Company expedition led by Henry Hudson. Hudson, an English navigator, was hired to find a western route to Cathay (present-day China), but his discoveries set the stage for Dutch colonization of North America in the 17th century. Early Dutch and Swedish settlements were established along the lower section of river and Delaware Bay. Both colonial powers called the river the ""South River"", compared to the Hudson River, which was known as the ""North River"". After the English expelled the Dutch and took control of the New Netherland colony in 1664, the


Question: who took over the dutch colony in north america

Answer: English

"Jurriaen Aernoutsz"
empire in North America, appointing Cornelius Van Steenwyk as Dutch governor of the territory in 1676, but this was largely a paper designation — in actual practice, the region remained under French control and sovereignty. Shortly after his appointment, Van Steenwyk sent a Dutch expedition to reoccupy Pentagouet, but they were turned back by three English warships from Boston. The Dutch continued to claim sovereignty over Acadia on paper until 1678, when they surrendered the claim at the end of the war. Jurriaen Aernoutsz Jurriaen Aernoutsz (or Aernouts) was a Dutch colonial navy captain, who briefly conquered the capital of


Question: who took over the dutch colony in north america

Answer: England

"Middle Colonies"
British colonies in North America; they had settlers from England, Scotland, Ireland, the Netherlands, and German states. The good farm land was much cheaper than in Europe. With the new arrivals came various Protestant denominations, which were protected in the Middle Colonies by written freedom of religion laws. This tolerance was very unusual and distinct from the situation in other British colonies. The Middle Colonies were explored by Henry Hudson on a journey into the Hudson River and Delaware Bay in 1609. The Dutch soon claimed the land. Although the Swedes and the Dutch fought over the land in the


Question: who took over the dutch colony in north america

Answer: England

"European colonization of the Americas"
the Americas in the 16th century, but these failed. England and France succeeded in establishing permanent colonies in the following century, along with the Dutch Republic. Some of these were on Caribbean islands, which had often already been conquered by the Spanish or depopulated by disease, while others were in eastern North America, which had not been colonized by Spain north of Florida. Early European possessions in North America included Spanish Florida, Spanish New Mexico, the English colonies of Virginia (with its North Atlantic offshoot, Bermuda) and New England, the French colonies of Acadia and Canada, the Swedish colony of


Question: who took over the dutch colony in north america

Answer: England

"Military history of the Netherlands"
were even gaining significant influence over England's maritime trade with her North American colonies, profiting from the turmoil that resulted from the English Civil War. However, the Dutch navy had been neglected during this time period, while Cromwell had built a strong fleet. In order to protect its position in North America and damage Dutch trade, in 1651 the Parliament of the Commonwealth of England passed the first of the Navigation Acts, which mandated that all goods from her American colonies must be carried by English ships. In a period of growing mercantilism this was the spark that ignited the


Question: who took over the dutch colony in north america

Answer: England

"Province of New York"
Province of New York The Province of New York (1664–1776) was a British proprietary colony and later royal colony on the northeast coast of North America. As one of the Thirteen Colonies, New York achieved independence and worked with the others to found the United States. In 1664, during the Second Anglo-Dutch War, the Dutch Province of New Netherland in America was awarded by Charles II of England to his brother James, Duke of York. James raised a fleet to take it from the Dutch and the Governor surrendered to the English fleet without recognition from the Dutch West Indies


Question: who took over the dutch colony in north america

Answer: English

"Women in the Americas"
most North American women were farmers, and had accepted supporting roles to their men, who performed hunting, trade, and diplomatic functions. Conquest by and contact with Europeans brought extreme changes to all of the inhabitants of the Americas. Disease and a lack of immunity to African and European diseases killed more than 80% of the Native population of the Americas within the first two centuries of the Colonial period. The main European groups which colonized and fought over control of the region included the Dutch, English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish. They established economic systems which benefited themselves, taking land and


Question: who took over the dutch colony in north america

Answer: English

"British Guiana"
British Guiana British Guiana was the name of the British colony, part of the British West Indies (Caribbean), on the northern coast of South America, now known as the independent nation of Guyana (since 1966). Its indigenous people are the Arawak-speaking Lucayan, who are part of the Taino people. The first European to discover Guiana was Sir Walter Raleigh, an English explorer. The Dutch were the first Europeans to settle there, starting in the early 17th century, when they founded the colonies of Essequibo and Berbice, adding Demerara in the mid-18th century. In 1796, Great Britain took over these three


Question: who took over the dutch colony in north america

Answer: English

"British Guiana"
million. British Guiana British Guiana was the name of the British colony, part of the British West Indies (Caribbean), on the northern coast of South America, now known as the independent nation of Guyana (since 1966). Its indigenous people are the Arawak-speaking Lucayan, who are part of the Taino people. The first European to discover Guiana was Sir Walter Raleigh, an English explorer. The Dutch were the first Europeans to settle there, starting in the early 17th century, when they founded the colonies of Essequibo and Berbice, adding Demerara in the mid-18th century. In 1796, Great Britain took over these


Question: who took over the dutch colony in north america

Answer: England

"John Parr (colonial governor)"
new governor arrived and returned to England. Edmund Fanning, a recently arrived Loyalist, was named Parr's new lieutenant-governor. Parr immediately took over as colonel of the Royal Nova Scotia Volunteer Regiment. In 1786, when the colonial administration of British North America was reorganized, Parr had hoped to be named to the new position of Governor-General of The Canadas and Governor-in-Chief of British North America but was disappointed when the position went to Guy Carleton, who was elevated to the peerage as Lord Dorchester. The position of Governor of Nova Scotia was thereby abolished and Parr was reappointed as lieutenant governor


Question: who took over the dutch colony in north america

Answer: English

"Second Anglo-Dutch War"
Africa. At the same time, the English invaded the Dutch colony of New Netherland in North America on 24 June 1664, and had control of it by October. The Dutch responded by sending a fleet under Michiel de Ruyter that recaptured their African trade posts, captured most English trade stations there and then crossed the Atlantic for a punitive expedition against the English in America. In December 1664, the English suddenly attacked the Dutch Smyrna fleet. Though the attack failed, the Dutch in January 1665 allowed their ships to open fire on English warships in the colonies when threatened. Charles


Question: who took over the dutch colony in north america

Answer: English

"History of slavery in Pennsylvania"
black population and decline of its slave population. History of slavery in Pennsylvania When the Dutch and Swedes established colonies in the Delaware Valley of what is now Pennsylvania, in North America, they quickly imported African slaves for workers; the Dutch also transported them south from their colony of New Netherland. Slavery was documented in this area as early as 1639. William Penn and the colonists who settled Pennsylvania tolerated slavery, but the English Quakers and later German immigrants were among the first to speak out against it. Many colonial Methodists and Baptists also opposed it on religious grounds. During


Question: who took over the dutch colony in north america

Answer: English

"History of slavery in Pennsylvania"
History of slavery in Pennsylvania When the Dutch and Swedes established colonies in the Delaware Valley of what is now Pennsylvania, in North America, they quickly imported African slaves for workers; the Dutch also transported them south from their colony of New Netherland. Slavery was documented in this area as early as 1639. William Penn and the colonists who settled Pennsylvania tolerated slavery, but the English Quakers and later German immigrants were among the first to speak out against it. Many colonial Methodists and Baptists also opposed it on religious grounds. During the Great Awakening of the late 18th century,


Question: who took over the dutch colony in north america

Answer: England

"British colonization of the Americas"
England took over the Dutch colony of New Netherland (including its capital of New Amsterdam) which England renamed the Province of New York. With New Netherland, the English also came to control the former New Sweden (in what is now Delaware), which the Dutch had conquered earlier. This later became part of Pennsylvania after that was established in 1680. The Kingdom of Scotland tried unsuccessfully to establish a colony at Darién, and the Scottish colonization of Nova Scotia (New Scotland) lasted from 1629 to 1632. Thousands of Scotsmen also participated in English colonization before the two countries were united in


Question: who took over the dutch colony in north america

Answer: England

Netherlands
a buffer zone between the Republic and the Spanish-controlled Southern Netherlands. In the Dutch Golden Age, spanning much of the 17th century, the Dutch Empire grew to become one of the major seafaring and economic powers, alongside Portugal, Spain, France and England. Science, military, and art (especially painting) were among the most acclaimed in the world. By 1650, the Dutch-owned 16,000 merchant ships. The Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West India Company established colonies and trading posts all over the world, including ruling the northern parts of Taiwan between 1624–1662 and 1664–1667. The Dutch settlement in North America


Question: who took over the dutch colony in north america

Answer: English

"Anglo-Dutch Wars"
the Dutch and English—influenced by mercantilism and linked by centuries of interaction with each other over fisheries, the textile industry and trade in the Baltic—both sought profits in the New World. In the early 1600s, the Dutch, while continuing to fight the Eighty Years' War with the Catholic Habsburgs, also began to carry out long distance exploration by sea. The Dutch innovation in the trading of shares in a joint stock company allowed them to finance expeditions with stock subscriptions sold in the United Provinces and in London. They founded colonies in North America, in India, and in Indonesia (the


Question: when is the second half of vikings season 5 coming out

Answer: 2018

"Vikings (season 5)"
Vikings (season 5) The fifth season of the historical drama television series ""Vikings"" premiered on November 29, 2017 on History in Canada. The series broadly follows the exploits of the legendary Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok and his crew, and later those of his sons. The first season of the series begins at the start of the Viking Age, marked by the Lindisfarne raid in 793. The fifth season consists of a double order of twenty episodes, split into two parts of ten episodes; the second half premiered on November 28, 2018. The premise of the fifth season differs from the


Question: when is the second half of vikings season 5 coming out

Answer: 2018

"2018 Minnesota Vikings season"
own goalposts and closed out the half with a 10–3 lead. The Vikings defense forced a three-and-out to begin the second half, but only managed one first down on their ensuing possession before having to punt; however, three plays later, with the 49ers at third-and-8 from their own 20-yard line, the Vikings' rookie cornerback Mike Hughes intercepted a pass from Garoppolo and returned it 28 yards for a touchdown to put the Vikings up 17–3. Garoppolo responded immediately, however, completing a 56-yard pass to fullback Kyle Juszczyk to put the 49ers inside the Vikings' 20. As in the first half,


Question: who coined the phrase let them eat cake

Answer: Jean-Jacques Rousseau

"Let them eat cake"
Let them eat cake ""Let them eat cake"" is the traditional translation of the French phrase """"Qu'ils mangent de la brioche"""", supposedly spoken by ""a great princess"" upon learning that the peasants had no bread. Since brioche was a luxury bread enriched with butter and eggs, the quotation would reflect the princess's disregard for the peasants, or her poor understanding of their situation. While the phrase is commonly attributed to Queen Marie Antoinette, there is no record of her having said it. It appears in book six of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's ""Confessions"", his autobiography (whose first six books were written in


Question: who coined the phrase let them eat cake

Answer: Jean-Jacques Rousseau

"Marie Antoinette"
Even her critics have recognized her qualities as a mother and her courage in dying. The phrase ""Let them eat cake"" is often attributed to Marie Antoinette, but there is no evidence that she ever uttered it, and it is now generally regarded as a journalistic cliché. This phrase originally appeared in Book VI of the first part of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's autobiographical work ""Les Confessions"", finished in 1767 and published in 1782: """"Enfin je me rappelai le pis-aller d'une grande princesse à qui l'on disait que les paysans n'avaient pas de pain, et qui répondit: Qu'ils mangent de la brioche""""


Question: which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

Answer: V

"V(D)J recombination"
are composed of heavy and light chains (each of which contains both ""constant"" (C) and ""variable"" (V) regions), which are encoded by genes on three loci: Each heavy chain and light chain gene contains multiple copies of three different types of gene segments for the variable regions of the antibody proteins. For example, the human immunoglobulin heavy chain region contains 2 Constant (Cμ and Cδ) gene segments and 44 Variable (V) gene segments, plus 27 Diversity (D) gene segments and 6 Joining (J) gene segments. The light chains also possess 2 Constant (Cμ and Cδ) gene segments and numerous V


Question: which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

Answer: V

"Organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes"
lambda,λ. This process takes place at the level of mRNAs processing. Random rearrangements and recombinations of the gene segments at DNA level to form one kappa or lambda light chain occurs in an orderly fashion. As a result, ""a functional variable region gene of a light chain contains two coding segments that are separated by a non-coding DNA sequence in unrearranged germ-line DNA"" (Barbara et al., 2007). Heavy chain contains similar gene segments such as VH, JH and CH, but also has another gene segment called D (diversity). Unlike the light chain multigene family, VDJ gene segments code for the


Question: which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

Answer: V

Antibody
""V(D)J recombination"", involves the generation of a unique immunoglobulin variable region. The variable region of each immunoglobulin heavy or light chain is encoded in several pieces—known as gene segments (subgenes). These segments are called variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) segments. V, D and J segments are found in Ig heavy chains, but only V and J segments are found in Ig light chains. Multiple copies of the V, D and J gene segments exist, and are tandemly arranged in the genomes of mammals. In the bone marrow, each developing B cell will assemble an immunoglobulin variable region by


Question: which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

Answer: V

"Somatic genome processing"
in vertebrates. During life, organisms have contact with a large number of antigens. Which means that the immune system needs to synthesize a wide range of antibodies. Each immunoglobulin is a tetramer consisting of four polypeptides connected by disulfide bridges. They form two long heavy chains and two short light chains. But vertebrate genome does not code entire genes of heavy and light immunoglobulins, only gene segments. Segments of heavy chain are located on chromosome 14, they include 11 constant gene segments (C), that are preceded by 123-129 variable segments (V), 27 diversity gene segments (D) and 9 joining segments


Question: which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

Answer: V

"Organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes"
and are separated by non-coding regions. The rearrangement and organization of these gene segments during the maturation of B cells produce functional proteins.The entire process of rearrangement and organization of these gene segments is the vital source where our body immune system gets its capabilities to recognize and respond to variety of antigens. The light chain gene has three gene segments. These include: the light chain variable region (V), joining region (J), and constant region (C) gene segments. The variable region of light is therefore encoded by the rearrangement of VJ segments. The light chain can be either kappa,κ or


Question: which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

Answer: V

"Organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes"
variable region of the heavy chain. The rearrangement and reorganization of gene segments in this multigene family is more complex . The rearranging and joining of segments produced different end products because these are carried out by different RNA processes. The same reason is why the IgM and IgG are generates at the time. The variable region rearrangements happen in an orderly sequence in the bone marrow. Usually, the assortment of these gene segments occurs at B cell maturation. The kappa and lambda light chains undergo rearrangements of the V and J gene segments. In this process, a functional Vlambda


Question: which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

Answer: V

"DNA repair protein XRCC4"
are transported to the outer lipid bilayer of the cell. Antibodies are composed of two light and two heavy chains. The antigen binding site consists of two variable regions, VL and VH. The remainder of the antibody structure is made up of constant regions, CL, CH, CH2 and CH3. The Kappa locus in the mouse encodes an antibody light chain and contains approximately 300 gene segments for the variable region, V, four J segments than encode a short protein region, and one constant, C, segment. To produce a light chain with one unique type of VL, when B cells are


Question: which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

Answer: V

IGL@
IGL@ Immunoglobulin lambda locus, also known as IGL@, is a region on human chromosome 22 that contains genes for the lambda light chains of antibodies (or immunoglobulins). Immunoglobulins recognize foreign antigens and initiate immune responses such as phagocytosis and the complement system. Each immunoglobulin molecule consists of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. There are two classes of light chains, kappa and lambda. This region represents the germline organization of the lambda light chain locus. The locus includes V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant) segments. During B cell development, a recombination event at the DNA level


Question: which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

Answer: V

Antibody
randomly selecting and combining one V, one D and one J gene segment (or one V and one J segment in the light chain). As there are multiple copies of each type of gene segment, and different combinations of gene segments can be used to generate each immunoglobulin variable region, this process generates a huge number of antibodies, each with different paratopes, and thus different antigen specificities. The rearrangement of several subgenes (i.e. V2 family) for lambda light chain immunoglobulin is coupled with the activation of microRNA miR-650, which further influences biology of B-cells. RAG proteins play an important role


Question: which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

Answer: V

"Recombination signal sequences"
Recombination signal sequences Recombination signal sequences are conserved sequences of noncoding DNA that are recognized by the RAG1/RAG2 enzyme complex during V(D)J recombination in immature B cells and T cells. Recombination signal sequences guide the enzyme complex to the V, D, and J gene segments that will undergo recombination during the formation of the heavy and light-chain variable regions in T-cell receptors and immunoglobulin molecules. RSSs are made up of conserved heptamer sequences (7 base pairs), spacer sequences, and conserved nonamer sequences (9 base pairs) that are adjacent to the V, D and J sequences in the heavy-chain region of


Question: which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

Answer: V

"V(D)J recombination"
region of the heavy chain and both the constant ""mu"" and ""delta"" chains (C and C). (i.e. the primary transcript contains the segments: V-D-J-C-C). The primary RNA is processed to add a polyadenylated (poly-A) tail after the C chain and to remove sequence between the VDJ segment and this constant gene segment. Translation of this mRNA leads to the production of the Ig M heavy chain protein. The kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) chains of the immunoglobulin light chain loci rearrange in a very similar way, except that the light chains lack a D segment. In other words, the first


Question: which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

Answer: V

"Plasma cell dyscrasia"
of human chromosome 14 at position 32.33 (site notated as 14q32.33); b) the immunoglobulin light chain antigen binding locus gene which is on the short arm of chromosome 22 at position 22q11.2; and c) other nearby sites. These mutations are made in an effort to make a gene encoding a protein that binds the instigating antigen. The next step in this new gene formation involves V(D)J recombinations and class switch recombinations, i.e. the deletion and subsequent recombination of various gene segments at the heavy chain locus so that the gene codes for either an IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, or IgD


Question: which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

Answer: V

Antibody
generated from distinct B cells. Differences, between the variable domains, are located on three loops known as hypervariable regions (HV-1, HV-2 and HV-3) or complementarity determining regions (CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3). CDRs are supported within the variable domains by conserved framework regions. The heavy chain locus contains about 65 different variable domain genes that all differ in their CDRs. Combining these genes with an array of genes for other domains of the antibody generates a large cavalry of antibodies with a high degree of variability. This combination is called V(D)J recombination discussed below. Somatic recombination of immunoglobulins, also known as


Question: which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

Answer: V

"Immunoglobulin M"
providing a source of homogeneous immunoglobulins of various isotypes, including IgM (reviewed in). More recently, expression of engineered immunoglobulin genes in tissue culture can be used to produce IgM with specific alternations and thus to identify the molecular requirements for features of interest. Immunoglobulins include light chains and heavy chains. The light chain (λ or κ) is a protein of ~220 amino acids, composed of a variable domain, VL (a segment of approximately 110 amino acids), and a constant domain, CL (also approximately 110 amino acids long). The µ heavy chain of IgM is a protein of ~576 amino acids,


Question: which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

Answer: V

"Organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes"
RNA- processing and repairing. In summary, The rearrangements of heavy-chains are different from the light chains because DNA undergoes rearrangements of V-D-J gene segments in the heavy chains. These reorganizations of gene segments produce gene sequence from 5 prime to 3 prime ends such as a short leader exon, an intron, a joined VDJ segment, a second intron and several gene segments. The final product of the rearrangement is transcribed when RNA polymerase It is understood that rearrangement occurs between specific sites on the DNA called recombination signal sequences (RSSs). The signal sequences are composed of a conserved palindromic heptamer


Question: which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

Answer: V

"Hypervariable region"
phenomenon completely defies explanation at present. In antibodies, hypervariable regions form the antigen-binding site and are found on both light and heavy chains. They also contribute to the specificity of each antibody. In a variable region, the 3 H segments of each heavy or light chain fold together at the N-terminus to form an antigen binding pocket. Hypervariable region A hypervariable region (HVR) is a location within nuclear DNA or the D-loop of mitochondrial DNA in which base pairs of nucleotides repeat (in the case of nuclear DNA) or have substitutions (in the case of mitochondrial DNA). Changes or repeats


Question: which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

Answer: V

"V(D)J recombination"
on a physiological mechanism and is not pathogenetic for leukemias or lymphomas. In the developing B cell, the first recombination event to occur is between one D and one J gene segment of the heavy chain locus. Any DNA between these two gene segments is deleted. This D-J recombination is followed by the joining of one V gene segment, from a region upstream of the newly formed DJ complex, forming a rearranged VDJ gene segment. All other gene segments between V and D segments are now deleted from the cell’s genome. Primary transcript (unspliced RNA) is generated containing the VDJ


Question: which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

Answer: V

Antibody
with V(D)J recombination in cutting DNA at a particular region. Without the presence of these proteins, V(D)J recombination would not occur. After a B cell produces a functional immunoglobulin gene during V(D)J recombination, it cannot express any other variable region (a process known as allelic exclusion) thus each B cell can produce antibodies containing only one kind of variable chain. Following activation with antigen, B cells begin to proliferate rapidly. In these rapidly dividing cells, the genes encoding the variable domains of the heavy and light chains undergo a high rate of point mutation, by a process called ""somatic hypermutation""


Question: which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

Answer: V

"Organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes"
can combine with four functional Jλ –Cλ combinations. On the other hands, Vk gene segments can join with either one of the Jk functional gene segments. The overall rearrangements result in a gene segment order from 5 prime to 3 prime end. These are a short leader (L) exon, a noncoding sequence (intron), a joined VJ segment, a second intron, and the constant region. There is a promoter upstream from each leader gene segment. The leader exon is important in the transcription of light chain by the RNA polymerase. To remain with coding sequence only, the introns are removed during


Question: which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain

Answer: V

"TRG (gene)"
rearranged and expressed in the order delta, gamma, beta, and alpha. If both delta and gamma rearrangements produce functional chains, the cell expresses delta and gamma. If not, the cell proceeds to rearrange the beta and alpha loci. This region represents the germline organization of the T cell receptor gamma locus. The gamma locus includes V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant) segments. During T cell development, the gamma chain is synthesized by a recombination event at the DNA level joining a V segment with a J segment; the C segment is later joined by splicing at the RNA level.


Question: sri lanka belongs to which part of asia

Answer: South Asia

"Wildlife of Sri Lanka"
including 2006 revision of Indian spider checklist"". This checklist provided all the described spider species of South Asia and part of South-East Asia as well. According to this checklist, Sri Lanka has 501 species of spiders belongs to 45 families and 213 genera. Out of these 360, 250 are endemic spiders to Sri Lanka with 22 endemic genera. Spiders in genus Myrmarachne are commonly called ant-mimicking spiders. They are grouped in the family Salticidae of order Araneae. Out of 100+ species described, 12 species are found in Sri Lanka. Three species were described in 2015. There are 8 species of


Question: sri lanka belongs to which part of asia

Answer: South Asia

"Radio in Sri Lanka"
who renamed the station Radio SEAC which broadcast across South Asia from October 1944. After the war the station was handed back to the civilian government of Ceylon who renamed it Radio Ceylon on 1 October 1949. The station was immensely popular both in Ceylon and other parts of Asia. The Ceylon Broadcasting Corporation Act No. 37 of 1966 incorporated the Department of Broadcasting. Radio Ceylon became a public corporation on 30 September 1967, changing its name to Ceylon Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). Ceylon was renamed Sri Lanka in 1972 after becoming a republic and consequently CBC was renamed Sri Lanka


Question: sri lanka belongs to which part of asia

Answer: South Asia

"Balangoda Man"
deposits near Bundala in the Hambantota district in Sri Lanka, paleontologists have gathered secure evidence of prehistoric fauna in Sri Lanka by 125,000 BP. Excavations of the area have also yielded tools of quartz and chert probably belonging to the Middle Palaeolithic period. Consequently, some believe in the possibility that there were prehistoric humans in Sri Lanka from 500,000 BP or earlier, and consider it likely that they were on the island by 300,000 BP. Further analysis of ancient coastal sands in the north and south east of the island may yield evidence of such early hominids. From South Asia


Question: when was the $1 000 bill discontinued

Answer: 1969

"Service number (United States Air Force)"
the first two numbers. As with other service numbers used by both the Army and the Air Force, procedures were in place to avoid repeat or duplicate numbers. The last range of Air Force service numbers was the 60 million series extending from 60 000 000 to 69 999 999. These numbers were used from 1966 to 1969. Air Force enlisted service numbers were formally discontinued on July 1, 1969, and replaced with Social Security numbers. Upon the creation of Air Force service numbers, the Air Force had no prefix codes for special situations but did create a series of


Question: when was the $1 000 bill discontinued

Answer: 1969

"Service number (United States Air Force)"
issued by the Air Force, to avoid repeating service numbers of the Army, with the next range beginning at 3 000 000 and extending to 3 999 999. These numbers were intended for all officers considered ""Other Than Regular Air Force"" (OTRAF) and were issued in chronological order by date of commission after 1948. Such numbers were normally preceded with a zero. In 1969, when the Air Force discontinued service numbers, the officer cap of 3 999 999 had not yet been reached. Thus, there were never any higher Air Force officer service numbers created. After 1969, the Air Force


Question: when was the $1 000 bill discontinued

Answer: 1969

"Banknotes of the United States dollar"
last printed in 1945 and discontinued in 1969, making the $100 bill the largest denomination banknote in circulation. A $1 note was added in 1963 to replace the $1 Silver Certificate after that type of currency had been discontinued. Since United States Notes were discontinued in 1971, Federal Reserve Notes are the only type of currency circulating in the US. In 1976, a $2 note was added, 10 years after the $2 denomination of United States Note was officially discontinued. The denomination proved to be unpopular and is now treated as a curiosity, although it is still being printed. Starting


Question: when does star wars battlefront 2 com out

Answer: November 17, 2017

"Star Wars Battlefront (2015 video game)"
praised its gameplay, visuals, musical scores and high production values, but criticized its lack of content on both single and multiplayer modes. More than 14 million copies have been shipped. A sequel, ""Star Wars Battlefront II"", released on November 17, 2017. ""Star Wars Battlefront"" is an action game played from either a first-person or third-person view; players can switch views whenever desired, similar to previous games, except when controlling ""hero"" characters or their personal guards. Players traverse planets from the original ""Star Wars"" trilogy, such as Endor, Hoth, Tatooine, Bespin, and Sullust, as well as the planet of Jakku from


Question: when does star wars battlefront 2 com out

Answer: November 17, 2017

"Star Wars: Battlefront"
made several attempts to get a third major ""Battlefront"" game off the ground but no projects were released before The Walt Disney Company's acquisition of LucasArts. Subsequently, EA DICE acquired a license to develop a new game, titled ""Star Wars Battlefront"" which was released on November 17, 2015. A sequel, ""Star Wars Battlefront II"", was released on November 17, 2017, and was developed by EA DICE, Criterion Games, and Motive Studios. Games in the ""Battlefront"" series normally revolve around two armies – the Galactic Republic versus the Confederacy of Independent Systems or the Galactic Empire versus the Rebel Alliance or


Question: when does star wars battlefront 2 com out

Answer: November 17, 2017

"Star Wars Battlefront II (2017 video game)"
Star Wars Battlefront II (2017 video game) Star Wars Battlefront II is an action shooter video game based on the ""Star Wars"" film franchise. It is the fourth major installment of the """" series and seventh overall, and a sequel to the 2015 reboot of the series. It was developed by EA DICE, in collaboration with Criterion Games and Motive Studios, and published by Electronic Arts. The game was released worldwide on November 17, 2017 for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows. Upon release, ""Battlefront II"" received mixed reviews from critics. The game was also subject to widespread criticism


Question: what part of the brain is in the middle cranial fossa

Answer: the temporal lobes

"Middle cranial fossa"
like the italic letter ""f"". It begins behind at the foramen lacerum, and ends on the medial side of the anterior clinoid process, where it is sometimes converted into a foramen (carotico-clinoid) by the union of the anterior with the middle clinoid process; posteriorly, it is bounded laterally by the lingula. This groove lodges the cavernous sinus and the internal carotid artery, the latter being surrounded by a plexus of sympathetic nerves. The lateral parts of the middle fossa are of considerable depth, and support the temporal lobes of the brain. They are marked by depressions for the brain convolutions


Question: what part of the brain is in the middle cranial fossa

Answer: pituitary gland

"Middle cranial fossa"
wings of the sphenoid. It is traversed by the squamosal, sphenoparietal, sphenosquamosal, and sphenopetrosal sutures. It houses the temporal lobes of the brain and the pituitary gland. A middle fossa craniotomy is one means to surgically remove acoustic neuromas (vestibular schwannoma) growing within the internal auditory canal of the temporal bone. The middle part of the fossa presents, in front, the chiasmatic groove and tuberculum sellae; the chiasmatic groove ends on either side at the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery to the orbital cavity. Behind the optic foramen the anterior clinoid process is directed backward


Question: what part of the brain is in the middle cranial fossa

Answer: pituitary gland

"Pituitary gland"
Pituitary gland In vertebrate anatomy, the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. The hypophysis rests upon the hypophysial fossa of the sphenoid bone in the center of the middle cranial fossa and is surrounded by a small bony cavity (sella turcica) covered by a dural fold (diaphragma sellae). The anterior pituitary (or adenohypophysis) is a lobe of the gland that regulates several physiological processes (including stress, growth, reproduction, and lactation). The intermediate


Question: what part of the brain is in the middle cranial fossa

Answer: pituitary gland

"Diaphragma sellae"
Diaphragma sellae The diaphragma sellae or sellar diaphragm is a flat piece of dura mater with a circular hole allowing the vertical passage of the pituitary stalk. It retains the pituitary gland beneath it in the fossa hypophyseos as it almost completely roofs the fossa hypophyseos of the sella turcica, a part of the sphenoid bone. It has a posterior boundary at the dorsum sellae and an anterior boundary at the tuberculum sellae along with the two small eminences (one on either side) called the middle clinoid processes. The diaphragma sellae is innervated by the first division of the cranial


Question: what is the longest pier in the uk

Answer: Southend Pier

Southend-on-Sea
and proximity to London mean that much of the economy has been based on tourism, and that Southend has been a dormitory town for city workers ever since. Southend Pier is the world's longest pleasure pier at . It has suffered fires and ship collisions, most recently in October 2005, but the basic pier structure has been repaired each time. As a holiday destination, Southend declined from the 1960s onwards, as holidaying abroad became more affordable. Southend became the home of the Access credit card, due to it having one of the UK's first electronic telephone exchanges (it is still


Question: what is the longest pier in the uk

Answer: Southend Pier

"Jamie & Jimmy's Friday Night Feast"
Jamie & Jimmy's Friday Night Feast Jamie & Jimmy's Friday Night Feast is a UK food lifestyle programme which aired on Channel 4 in 2014. A second series began in January 2015, a third in January 2016, a fourth in December 2016 and a fifth in November 2017. The programme is presented by Jamie Oliver and Jimmy Doherty. The series is based in Jamie and Jimmy's Cafe which is based at the end of Southend Pier which is the longest Pleasure Pier in the World. Jimmy and Jamie are helped in the Cafe by one of Jamie's old students, Kerry-Anne.


Question: what is the longest pier in the uk

Answer: Southend Pier

"Southend Pier"
marine radar training courses in a small room at the end of the pier. Students were billeted at various bed and breakfasts locally. Southend Pier Southend Pier is a major landmark in Southend-on-Sea. Extending into the Thames Estuary, it is the longest pleasure pier in the world. Sir John Betjeman once said that ""the Pier is Southend, Southend is the Pier"". The pier is a Grade II listed building. In the early 19th century, Southend was growing as a seaside holiday resort. At the time, it was thought that spending time by the sea was good for one's health, and


Question: what is the longest pier in the uk

Answer: Southend Pier

"Southend Pier"
Southend Pier Southend Pier is a major landmark in Southend-on-Sea. Extending into the Thames Estuary, it is the longest pleasure pier in the world. Sir John Betjeman once said that ""the Pier is Southend, Southend is the Pier"". The pier is a Grade II listed building. In the early 19th century, Southend was growing as a seaside holiday resort. At the time, it was thought that spending time by the sea was good for one's health, and since it was close to the capital, many Londoners would come to Southend for this reason. However the coast at Southend consists of


Question: who sings gimme some lovin in days of thunder

Answer: The Spencer Davis Group

"Days of Thunder (soundtrack)"
The song ""Gimme Some Lovin'"" is credited to Terry Reid, but the version in the movie is actually from The Spencer Davis Group. ""Gimme Some Lovin'"" also featured on Reid's 1991 solo album, ""The Driver"", along with an alternate version of ""The Last Note of Freedom"" with different lyrics, titled ""The Driver (Part 2)"". The film score to ""Days of Thunder"" was composed by Hans Zimmer and featured Jeff Beck on guitar. While bootlegs were available for years, an official album containing the score was not released until 2013, when La-La Land Records released the film's score, with bonus tracks,


Question: who sings gimme some lovin in days of thunder

Answer: The Spencer Davis Group

"Gimme Some Lovin'"
the Hammond B-3 organ. In 1980, The Blues Brothers covered ""Gimme Some Lovin'."" Their version reached number 18 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot 100 and number 16 on ""Cash Box"". On WLS-AM in Chicago, the song peaked at number three. The Spencer Davis Group version appears in a 2018 TV commercial for Walmart. The song is used over a touch football game in the film The Big Chill. Gimme Some Lovin' ""Gimme Some Lovin'"" is a song written by Steve Winwood, Spencer Davis and Muff Winwood, although solely credited to Winwood on the UK single label, and performed by the


Question: who sings gimme some lovin in days of thunder

Answer: Spencer Davis Group

"Gimme Some Lovin'"
Gimme Some Lovin' ""Gimme Some Lovin'"" is a song written by Steve Winwood, Spencer Davis and Muff Winwood, although solely credited to Winwood on the UK single label, and performed by the Spencer Davis Group. As recalled by bassist Muff Winwood, the song was conceived, arranged, and rehearsed in just half an hour. At the time, the group was under pressure to come up with another hit, following the relatively poor showing of their previous single, ""When I Come Home"", written by Jamaican-born musician Jackie Edwards, who had also penned their earlier number one hits, ""Keep On Running"" and ""Somebody


Question: who sings gimme some lovin in days of thunder

Answer: Spencer Davis Group

"Terry Reid"
returned with former Yes producer Trevor Horn, on the album ""The Driver"". The album featured a cover version of the Spencer Davis Group classic written by Steve Winwood: ""Gimme Some Lovin'"", which had earlier appeared on the ""Days of Thunder"" soundtrack. ""The Whole of the Moon"", written by Mike Scott, was released as a single and received considerable airplay, with backing vocals performed by Enya. Reid played occasional live gigs with a band that included Brian Auger. In the 1990s, he also toured the US and Hong Kong with ex-Rolling Stones guitarist Mick Taylor. In 1998, ""Rich Kid Blues"" was


Question: who sings gimme some lovin in days of thunder

Answer: The Spencer Davis Group

"Backstreet Symphony"
the all-time great hard rock debuts"". Reviewing the album for AllMusic, Alex Henderson praised it as ""a decent hard rock offering that should have done better"". Highlighting tracks such as ""She's So Fine"", ""Loved Walked In"" and the ""inspired cover"" of The Spencer Davis Group's ""Gimme Some Lovin'"", Henderson described the album's sound as ""a mixture of Bad Company and Deep Purple"", claiming that ""while Thunder [weren't] the most original or groundbreaking band in the world, [they weren't] lacking when it came to spirit and enthusiasm"". In ""The Encyclopedia of Popular Music"", writer Colin Larkin hailed ""Backstreet Symphony"" as ""a


Question: who sings gimme some lovin in days of thunder

Answer: Spencer Davis Group

"Mary McGarry Morris"
Growing up, I was keenly aware of the loss my mother felt as well as the great love and admiration she had for her father, a quiet country man who raised his three children alone in those desperate times, often working day and night to support them."" Morris published her seventh novel, ""The Last Secret"" (2009); in an interview on NPR, she said that the idea for it came as she was listening to the song ""Gimme Some Lovin',"" written by Steve Winwood and members of the Spencer Davis Group. ""The Last Secret"" depicts the unraveling of the life of


Question: who plays izabella in transformers the last knight

Answer: Isabela Moner

"Transformers: The Last Knight"
the state. On April 13, TheWrap reported that Isabela Moner was in talks to star as Izabella. The site also reported that Bay was eyeing Jean Dujardin, Stephen Merchant, and Jerrod Carmichael for supporting roles. On May 17, 2016, it was confirmed that Josh Duhamel would reprise his role in the film, and Jerrod Carmichael was cast. In June 2016, Anthony Hopkins, Mitch Pileggi, Santiago Cabrera, and Laura Haddock joined the cast, and Tyrese Gibson stated that he will return as Robert Epps. In August 2016, Liam Garrigan was confirmed to play King Arthur, a different version from his role


Question: who plays izabella in transformers the last knight

Answer: Isabela Moner

"Transformers: The Last Knight"
sequel trilogy will continue, he stated that the franchise will make some changes in their tone and style. Transformers: The Last Knight Transformers: The Last Knight is a 2017 American science-fiction action film based on the Transformers toy line. It is the fifth installment of the live-action ""Transformers"" film series and a sequel to 2014's """". Like its predecessors, the film is directed by Michael Bay, and features Mark Wahlberg returning from ""Age of Extinction"", with Josh Duhamel, John Turturro, and Glenn Morshower reprising their roles from the first three films, as well as Laura Haddock, Isabela Moner, Jerrod Carmichael,


Question: who plays izabella in transformers the last knight

Answer: Isabela Moner

"Transformers: The Last Knight"
Transformers: The Last Knight Transformers: The Last Knight is a 2017 American science-fiction action film based on the Transformers toy line. It is the fifth installment of the live-action ""Transformers"" film series and a sequel to 2014's """". Like its predecessors, the film is directed by Michael Bay, and features Mark Wahlberg returning from ""Age of Extinction"", with Josh Duhamel, John Turturro, and Glenn Morshower reprising their roles from the first three films, as well as Laura Haddock, Isabela Moner, Jerrod Carmichael, Santiago Cabrera, and Sir Anthony Hopkins all joining the cast. Bay stated this would be his final film


Question: how many languages in harry potter translated into

Answer: over 74

"Harry Potter in translation"
asked Rowling about the gender of some of the characters—Zabini, Professor Sinistra, and ""R.A.B.""—while working on her translations. Harry Potter in translation The ""Harry Potter"" series of fantasy novels by J. K. Rowling is one of the most translated series of all time, with the first book, ""Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"", having been translated into over 74 languages. This includes languages diverse as Azerbaijani, Malayalam and Welsh as well as the dead languages Latin and Ancient Greek. This makes it the longest published work in Ancient Greek since the novels of Heliodorus of Emesa in the 3rd century


Question: how many languages in harry potter translated into

Answer: over 74

"Harry Potter in translation"
Harry Potter in translation The ""Harry Potter"" series of fantasy novels by J. K. Rowling is one of the most translated series of all time, with the first book, ""Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"", having been translated into over 74 languages. This includes languages diverse as Azerbaijani, Malayalam and Welsh as well as the dead languages Latin and Ancient Greek. This makes it the longest published work in Ancient Greek since the novels of Heliodorus of Emesa in the 3rd century AD. Additionally, regional adaptations of the books have been made to accommodate regional dialects such as the American


Question: how many episodes of greys anatomy season 14

Answer: 24

"You're My Home (Grey's Anatomy)"
It showed how everyone was moving on, whether it be together or because they’re heading in new direction altogether."" and deemed Caterina Scorsone ""phenomenal"". You're My Home (Grey's Anatomy) ""You're My Home"" is the 25th episode and the season finale of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"", and the 245th episode overall. It aired on May 14, 2015 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by William Harper and directed by Rob Corn. On its initial airing the episode opened up to generally positive reviews from television critics and was watched by


Question: how many episodes of greys anatomy season 14

Answer: 24

"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)"
column refers to the episode's number within the overall series, whereas the number in the ""No. in season"" column refers to the episode's number within this particular season. ""U.S. viewers in millions"" refers to the number of Americans in millions who watched the episodes live. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Grey's Anatomy (season 14) The fourteenth season of the American television medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"" was ordered on February 10, 2017, by American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and premiered on September 28, 2017 with a special two-hour premiere. The season consists of 24 episodes, with the season's seventh episode marking the 300th episode for the


Question: how many episodes of greys anatomy season 14

Answer: 24

"How to Save a Life (Grey's Anatomy)"
How to Save a Life (Grey's Anatomy) ""How to Save a Life"" is the twenty-first episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"", and is the 241st episode overall. It aired on April 23, 2015 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by showrunner Shonda Rhimes and directed by Rob Hardy, making it the first episode Rhimes has written since the season eight finale ""Flight"". The installment marked the death and final appearance of the series’ male lead character, Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), who had starred on the series since its inception.


Question: how many episodes of greys anatomy season 14

Answer: 24

"How to Save a Life (Grey's Anatomy)"
very important turning point in the show"". Optimistic of the prospects for the show, she added, ""if anyone can come out of this tragedy as a tougher, better character than ever, it’s Meredith Grey."" How to Save a Life (Grey's Anatomy) ""How to Save a Life"" is the twenty-first episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"", and is the 241st episode overall. It aired on April 23, 2015 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by showrunner Shonda Rhimes and directed by Rob Hardy, making it the first episode Rhimes has


Question: how many episodes of greys anatomy season 14

Answer: 24

"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)"
Grey's Anatomy (season 14) The fourteenth season of the American television medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"" was ordered on February 10, 2017, by American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and premiered on September 28, 2017 with a special two-hour premiere. The season consists of 24 episodes, with the season's seventh episode marking the 300th episode for the series overall. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Krista Vernoff and William Harper. The fourteenth season is the first not to feature Jerrika Hinton as Dr. Stephanie Edwards since her introduction


Question: how many episodes of greys anatomy season 14

Answer: 24

"You're My Home (Grey's Anatomy)"
You're My Home (Grey's Anatomy) ""You're My Home"" is the 25th episode and the season finale of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama ""Grey's Anatomy"", and the 245th episode overall. It aired on May 14, 2015 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by William Harper and directed by Rob Corn. On its initial airing the episode opened up to generally positive reviews from television critics and was watched by 8.33 million viewers. With only having five minutes to get April's patient out of the car to the operating table, Stephanie’s interns have to


Question: how many episodes of greys anatomy season 14

Answer: 24

"Grey's Anatomy"
magazine. The show received a renewal for a fifth season, which premiered on September 25, 2008 and concluded on May 14, 2009, consisting of twenty-four episodes. The series was renewed for a sixth season consisting of twenty-four episodes, which commenced on September 24, 2009 and ended on May 20, 2010. During its sixth season, ""Grey's Anatomy"" aired a series of webisodes entitled ""Seattle Grace: On Call"" at ABC.com. ABC renewed the show for a seventh season, which premiered on September 23, 2010 and concluded on May 19, 2011, consisting of twenty-two episodes. This was followed up with ""Seattle Grace: On


Question: how many episodes of greys anatomy season 14

Answer: 24

"Grey's Anatomy (season 12)"
their contracts for another two seasons, as Drs. Meredith Grey and Derek Shepherd, respectively, meaning their characters would be staying on the medical drama for seasons 11 and 12. On April 24, 2015, Patrick Dempsey revealed that he would be leaving ""Grey's Anatomy"" after the eleventh season despite having a contract through another season. Thus, this will be the first season in which Dr. Derek Shepherd, portrayed by Patrick Dempsey, is not included in the main cast of characters. Dempsey's character Dr. Derek Shepherd was killed off towards the end of the eleventh season in the episode ""How to Save


Question: who proposed evolution in 1859 as the basis of biological development

Answer: Charles Darwin

"History of zoology since 1859"
History of zoology since 1859 This article considers the history of zoology since the theory of evolution by natural selection proposed by Charles Darwin in 1859. Charles Darwin gave new direction to morphology and physiology, by uniting them in a common biological theory: the theory of organic evolution. The result was a reconstruction of the classification of animals upon a genealogical basis, fresh investigation of the development of animals, and early attempts to determine their genetic relationships. The end of the 19th century saw the fall of spontaneous generation and the rise of the germ theory of disease, though the


Question: who proposed evolution in 1859 as the basis of biological development

Answer: Charles Darwin

"History of zoology since 1859"
experimentation, analysis, worldwide internet observational data reporting, open peer-review, collaboration, and internet publication. History of zoology since 1859 This article considers the history of zoology since the theory of evolution by natural selection proposed by Charles Darwin in 1859. Charles Darwin gave new direction to morphology and physiology, by uniting them in a common biological theory: the theory of organic evolution. The result was a reconstruction of the classification of animals upon a genealogical basis, fresh investigation of the development of animals, and early attempts to determine their genetic relationships. The end of the 19th century saw the fall of


Question: who proposed evolution in 1859 as the basis of biological development

Answer: Charles Darwin

Zoology
of species. Cell theory provided a new perspective on the fundamental basis of life. These developments, as well as the results from embryology and paleontology, were synthesized in Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. In 1859, Darwin placed the theory of organic evolution on a new footing, by his discovery of a process by which organic evolution can occur, and provided observational evidence that it had done so. Darwin gave a new direction to morphology and physiology, by uniting them in a common biological theory: the theory of organic evolution. The result was a reconstruction of the classification


Question: who proposed evolution in 1859 as the basis of biological development

Answer: Charles Darwin

"Human condition"
also has various methods, e.g. the logotherapy developed by Holocaust survivor Viktor Frankl to discover and affirm human meaning. Another method, cognitive behavioral therapy, has become a widespread treatment for clinical depression. Ever since 1859, when Charles Darwin published ""On the Origin of Species"", the biological theory of evolution has been significant. The theory posits that the human species is related to all others, living and extinct, and that natural selection is the primary survival factor. This has provided a basis for new beliefs, e.g. social Darwinism, and for new technology, e.g. antibiotics. Notable uses of the term ""the human


Question: who proposed evolution in 1859 as the basis of biological development

Answer: Alfred Russel Wallace

Evolution
biological organisation, including the levels of species, individual organisms and molecules. The scientific theory of evolution by natural selection was proposed by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century and was set out in detail in Darwin's book ""On the Origin of Species"" (1859). Evolution by natural selection was first demonstrated by the observation that more offspring are often produced than can possibly survive. This is followed by three observable facts about living organisms: 1) traits vary among individuals with respect to their morphology, physiology and behaviour (phenotypic variation), 2) different traits confer different rates of survival


Question: who proposed evolution in 1859 as the basis of biological development

Answer: Charles Darwin

"Linnaean taxonomy"
tools such as cladistics and phylogenetic nomenclature has led to a different way of looking at evolution (expressed in many nested clades) and this sometimes leads to a desire for more ranks. An example of such complexity is the scheme for mammals proposed by McKenna and Bell. Over time, the understanding of the relationships between living things has changed. Linnaeus could only base his scheme on the structural similarities of the different organisms. The greatest change was the widespread acceptance of evolution as the mechanism of biological diversity and species formation, following the 1859 publication of Charles Darwin's ""On the


Question: who proposed evolution in 1859 as the basis of biological development

Answer: Charles Darwin

Darwinism
Darwinism Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Also called Darwinian theory, it originally included the broad concepts of transmutation of species or of evolution which gained general scientific acceptance after Darwin published ""On the Origin of Species"" in 1859, including concepts which predated Darwin's theories. It subsequently referred to the specific concepts of natural selection, the Weismann barrier, or the central dogma


Question: who proposed evolution in 1859 as the basis of biological development

Answer: Charles Darwin

Heredity
science. When Charles Darwin proposed his theory of evolution in 1859, one of its major problems was the lack of an underlying mechanism for heredity. Darwin believed in a mix of blending inheritance and the inheritance of acquired traits (pangenesis). Blending inheritance would lead to uniformity across populations in only a few generations and then would remove variation from a population on which natural selection could act. This led to Darwin adopting some Lamarckian ideas in later editions of ""On the Origin of Species"" and his later biological works. Darwin's primary approach to heredity was to outline how it appeared


Question: who proposed evolution in 1859 as the basis of biological development

Answer: Charles Darwin

"William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin"
years ago, was a red-hot globe ... ."" After the publication of Charles Darwin's ""On the Origin of Species"" in 1859, Thomson saw evidence of the relatively short habitable age of the Earth as tending to contradict Darwin's gradualist explanation of slow natural selection bringing about biological diversity. Thomson's own views favoured a version of theistic evolution sped up by divine guidance. His calculations showed that the Sun could not have possibly existed long enough to allow the slow incremental development by evolution – unless some energy source beyond what he or any other Victorian era person knew of was


Question: who proposed evolution in 1859 as the basis of biological development

Answer: Charles Darwin

"History of zoology through 1859"
the argument from design). Over the 18th and 19th centuries, zoology became increasingly professional scientific disciplines. Explorer-naturalists such as Alexander von Humboldt investigated the interaction between organisms and their environment, and the ways this relationship depends on geography—laying the foundations for biogeography, ecology and ethology. Naturalists began to reject essentialism and consider the importance of extinction and the mutability of species. Cell theory provided a new perspective on the fundamental basis of life. These developments, as well as the results from embryology and paleontology, were synthesized in Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. In 1859, Darwin placed the


Question: who proposed evolution in 1859 as the basis of biological development

Answer: Charles Darwin

Coevolution
systems work best when the technical and social systems are deliberately developed together. Models of coevolution have been proposed for sociology and international political economy. Richard Norgaard's 2006 book ""Development Betrayed"" proposes a ""Co-Evolutionary Revisioning of the Future"" of social and economic life. Coevolution In biology, coevolution occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution. Charles Darwin mentioned evolutionary interactions between flowering plants and insects in ""On the Origin of Species"" (1859). The term coevolution was coined by Paul R. Ehrlich and Peter H. Raven in 1964. The theoretical underpinnings of coevolution are now well-developed, and demonstrate


Question: who proposed evolution in 1859 as the basis of biological development

Answer: Charles Darwin

Paleoanthropology
that humans are similar to certain great apes had been obvious to people for some time, but the idea of the biological evolution of species in general was not legitimized until after Charles Darwin published ""On the Origin of Species"" in 1859. Though Darwin's first book on evolution did not address the specific question of human evolution—""light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history,"" was all Darwin wrote on the subject—the implications of evolutionary theory were clear to contemporary readers. Debates between Thomas Huxley and Richard Owen focused on the idea of human evolution. Huxley convincingly


Question: where are mucosal associated lymphoid tissues present in the human body and why

Answer: oral passage

"Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue"
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), also called mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue, is a diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various submucosal membrane sites of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract, oral passage, nasopharyngeal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin. MALT is populated by lymphocytes such as T cells and B cells, as well as plasma cells and macrophages, each of which is well situated to encounter antigens passing through the mucosal epithelium. In the case of intestinal MALT, M cells are also present, which sample antigen from the lumen and


Question: where are mucosal associated lymphoid tissues present in the human body and why

Answer: lung

"Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue"
Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is a tertiary lymphoid structure and it is a part of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and it consist of lymphoid follicles in lungs and bronchus. BALT is effective priming site of mucosal and systemic immune response. BALT is similar in most mammal species, but it differs in its maintenance and inducibility. While it is normal component of lungs and bronchus in rabbits or pigs, in mice or humans it appears only after infection or inflammation. In mice and humans it is thus called inducible BALT (iBALT). BALT and iBALT are structurally and functionally


Question: where are mucosal associated lymphoid tissues present in the human body and why

Answer: lung

"Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue"
occur after other stimuli, e.g. inflammation caused by rheumatoid arthritis or other autoimmune lung disease or mechanic damage by dust particles. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is a tertiary lymphoid structure and it is a part of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and it consist of lymphoid follicles in lungs and bronchus. BALT is effective priming site of mucosal and systemic immune response. BALT is similar in most mammal species, but it differs in its maintenance and inducibility. While it is normal component of lungs and bronchus in rabbits or pigs, in mice or humans it appears only after


Question: where are mucosal associated lymphoid tissues present in the human body and why

Answer: gastrointestinal tract

"Microfold cell"
tropic HIV has been noted to be able to bind to M cells and get transported across the epithelium by them. Microfold cell Microfold cells (or M cells) are found in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of the Peyer's patches in the small intestine, and in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. These cells are known to initiate mucosal immunity responses on the apical membrane of the M cells and allow for transport of microbes and particles across the epithelial cell layer from the gut lumen to the lamina propria where interactions with immune


Question: where are mucosal associated lymphoid tissues present in the human body and why

Answer: gastrointestinal tract

"Microfold cell"
Microfold cell Microfold cells (or M cells) are found in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of the Peyer's patches in the small intestine, and in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. These cells are known to initiate mucosal immunity responses on the apical membrane of the M cells and allow for transport of microbes and particles across the epithelial cell layer from the gut lumen to the lamina propria where interactions with immune cells can take place. Unlike their neighbor cells, M cells have the unique ability to take up antigen from the lumen


Question: where are mucosal associated lymphoid tissues present in the human body and why

Answer: eye

"Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue"
Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue Nasal- or nasopharynx- associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) represents immune system of nasal mucosa and is a part of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in mammals. It protects body from airborne viruses and other infectious agents. In humans, NALT is considered analogous to Waldeyer's ring. NALT in mice is localized on cartilaginous soft palate of upper jaw, it's situated bilaterally on the posterior side of the palate. It consists mainly of lymphocytes, T cell and B cell enriched zones, follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) with epithelial M cells and some erythrocytes. M cells are typical for antigen intake from mucosa. In


Question: where are mucosal associated lymphoid tissues present in the human body and why

Answer: eye

"Gut-associated lymphoid tissue"
and mesenteric lymph nodes are sites where the immune response is started due to the presence of immune cells through the epithelial cells and the lamina propria. The GALT also includes the Peyer's patches of the small intestine, isolated lymphoid follicles present throughout the intestine and the appendix in humans. The following comprise lymphoid tissue in the gut: The Peyer's patch is an aggregate of lymphoid cells projected to the lumen of the gut which acts as a very important site for the initiation of the immune response. It forms a subepithelial dome where large number of B cell follicles


Question: where are mucosal associated lymphoid tissues present in the human body and why

Answer: eye

"Ocular immune system"
diffuse lymphoid tissues. In the follicular form of MALT, antigens are taken up by the follicles and presented to lymphocytes by antigen presenting cells. This leads to activation of B and T cells that carry out the immune reaction. Diffuse lymphoid tissues, on the other hand, is composed mainly of interspersed effector cells. Generally, both pathways lead to activation and migration of immune cells within the mucosal tissues, including the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva covers the sclera, or whites of the eyes, as well as the insides of the eyelids and provides nutrients to underlying and surrounding tissue. The conjunctiva is


Question: where are mucosal associated lymphoid tissues present in the human body and why

Answer: eye

"Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue"
because it caused Bell's palsy to some patients. Thus, scientists are looking for more suitable and safe adjuvants, for expamle, Masafumi Yamamoto et al. in 1998 on mice model proved safe and efficient i.n. vaccination against ""Streptococcus pneumoniae"" and in 2002 also against influenza virus. Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue Nasal- or nasopharynx- associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) represents immune system of nasal mucosa and is a part of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in mammals. It protects body from airborne viruses and other infectious agents. In humans, NALT is considered analogous to Waldeyer's ring. NALT in mice is localized on cartilaginous soft palate


Question: where are mucosal associated lymphoid tissues present in the human body and why

Answer: lung

"Mucosal associated invariant T cell"
is why they are often described as innate-like T cells in the peripheral tissue. This thymic development process is found in both mice and human MAIT cell populations. In healthy humans, MAIT cells are found in the lungs, liver, joints, blood, and mucosal tissues, such as the intestinal mucosa. In total, MAIT cells make up roughly 5% of the peripheral T cell population. MAIT cells are most common in the liver, where they usually comprise 20-40% of the T lymphocyte population. The total murine MAIT cell population is roughly ten times smaller than the human MAIT cell population. While MAIT


Question: where are mucosal associated lymphoid tissues present in the human body and why

Answer: gastrointestinal tract

"Palatine tonsil"
and the palatopharyngeal arch of the soft palate. The palatine tonsil is one of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT), located at the entrance to the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts to protect the body from the entry of exogenous material through mucosal sites. In consequence it is a site of, and potential focus for, infections, and is one of the chief immunocompetent tissues in the oropharynx. It forms part of the Waldeyer's ring, which comprises the adenoid, the paired tubal tonsils, the paired palatine tonsils and the lingual tonsils. From the pharyngeal side, they are covered with a stratified squamous


Question: where are mucosal associated lymphoid tissues present in the human body and why

Answer: gastrointestinal tract

Kitten
acid to benefit the development of the brain and optimization of cognition. Part of the kitten's immune system is the mucosal immune system, which is within the gastrointestinal tract. The mucosal immune system is largely responsible for coordinating proper immune responses by tolerating innocuous antigens and attacking foreign pathogens. In order to optimize kitten health and increase chances of survival, it is important to optimize the link between the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract. Lasting health and longevity can be accomplished partly through proper nutrition and establishing a healthy gut from birth through utilizing colostrum.


Question: where are mucosal associated lymphoid tissues present in the human body and why

Answer: eye

"Waldeyer's tonsillar ring"
lingual tonsils (in the plural), because this accumulation of lymphoid tissue consists of a number of little prominences – many smaller rounded masses. Whether to collectively call all these a single tonsil or separate tonsils is to an extent an arbitrary decision. There also normally is a good amount of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) present between all these tonsils (intertonsillar) around the ring, and more of this lymphoid tissue can variably be found more or less throughout at least the naso- and oropharynx. The tubual tonsils usually develops from an accumulation of lymphoid tissue in the pharyngeal tonsil. The pharyngeal


Question: when is the publishers clearing house sweepstakes drawing

Answer: just after the Super Bowl

"Publishers Clearing House"
junk-mail for advertising through mass-mailings. Documents filed with the New York State Department in 1993 said that year the company mailed 220 million envelopes. Frequent buyers can receive 30-40 mailings a year. Although PCH advertises its sweepstakes along with magazine subscriptions, no purchase is necessary to enter or win. In 1995, PCH began the tradition of announcing winners of its $10 million prize just after the Super Bowl. As of 2012, $225 million in prizes have been distributed. Some of its larger prizes are for $5,000 a week for life, or $10 million. Prizes can also range from $1 Amazon


Question: who did cora marry in once upon a time

Answer: Henry

"The Miller's Daughter (Once Upon a Time)"
out her choice between love and power. Cora returns to her room carrying a heart in a box. Later, she meets Rumplestilskin and informs him that she did not take the king's heart, and that she is going to marry the prince instead of running away with Rumplestiltskin. The heart she removed was her own, to prevent it from being an obstacle. Rumplestiltskin tries to invoke their contract, but she points out that he only has a claim on his own child, which she will never bear. Some time later, Princess Cora presents her and Henry's daughter to the court


Question: who did cora marry in once upon a time

Answer: Henry

"The Miller's Daughter (Once Upon a Time)"
financial woes, and that she has nothing to offer him. Cora boasts that she can turn straw to gold, but will deny the king this gift because of his insults. King Xavier presents her to the ball with her claim. Cora claims she needs time to prepare, so he has her locked in a tower full of straw to spin into gold by morning; she can marry Henry if she succeeds, but will be put to death if she fails. As Cora considers jumping from the tower window, Rumplestiltskin (Robert Carlyle) appears. He demonstrates that he can spin straw into


Question: who did cora marry in once upon a time

Answer: Henry

"The Miller's Daughter (Once Upon a Time)"
Eva, a young woman, trips Cora, causing her to spill the flour. King Xavier (Joaquim de Almeida) refuses to pay for the flour and orders Cora to beg forgiveness on her knees. That night, Cora sneaks into a masked ball held for King Xavier's son Prince Henry (Zak Santiago). She criticizes the event as an opportunity for the king to sell his son to a wealthy bride, and is overheard by Henry. The prince invites her to dance, but they are interrupted by the king, who recognizes Cora. He tells her that he is superior to her, despite his kingdom's


Question: who did cora marry in once upon a time

Answer: Henry

"Lady of the Lake (Once Upon a Time)"
Margaret try to figure out a way to bring the wardrobe back to the safe haven, Lancelot shows up at the last minute. Although initially happy to see him, Snow/Mary Margaret draws out her sword and exposes Lancelot as Cora, who made the mistake of mentioning Henry by name (Emma had mentioned his name to Cora, but not Lancelot). Cora then transforms back into her original form and admits that she killed Lancelot a while back and was waiting for an opportunity to join her daughter and grandson. Cora then unleashes her power on both Snow/Mary Margaret and Emma, but


Question: who did cora marry in once upon a time

Answer: Henry

"The Queen Is Dead (Once Upon a Time)"
not a secret. Cora insists that Henry will be Regina's. After Johanna's funeral, David reassures Mary Margaret that they will get the dagger back before Gold returns to Storybrooke. Mary Margaret questions her ""good"" choices that have caused death and suffering over the years, and reflects that maybe it isn't Regina or Cora who needs to change, but herself. She vows to kill Cora. In New York City, Neal (Michael Raymond-James) and Henry spend time together while Emma and Mr. Gold commiserate over the trouble they are having with their respective sons. Gold asks Emma to convince Neal to come


Question: where does summer of the monkeys take place

Answer: Oklahoma

"Summer of the Monkeys (film)"
points."" Summer of the Monkeys (film) Summer of the Monkeys is a 1998 American/Canadian family adventure-drama film directed by Michael Anderson based on the children's novel ""Summer of the Monkeys"" by Wilson Rawls. It stars Corey Sevier as Jay Berry Lee and Michael Ontkean and Leslie Hope as Jay Berry's parents. It also stars Katie Stuart, Don Francks, and Wilford Brimley. In the summer of the early 20th century, a group of circus monkeys escape from a circus and end up in the Oklahoma river bottoms, where the main character, Jay Berry Lee lives with his family. Weeks later, 14-year-old


Question: where does summer of the monkeys take place

Answer: Oklahoma

"Summer of the Monkeys (film)"
Summer of the Monkeys (film) Summer of the Monkeys is a 1998 American/Canadian family adventure-drama film directed by Michael Anderson based on the children's novel ""Summer of the Monkeys"" by Wilson Rawls. It stars Corey Sevier as Jay Berry Lee and Michael Ontkean and Leslie Hope as Jay Berry's parents. It also stars Katie Stuart, Don Francks, and Wilford Brimley. In the summer of the early 20th century, a group of circus monkeys escape from a circus and end up in the Oklahoma river bottoms, where the main character, Jay Berry Lee lives with his family. Weeks later, 14-year-old Jay


Question: when does ellen's new game show start

Answer: December 18, 2017

"Ellen's Game of Games"
Ellen's Game of Games Ellen's Game of Games, also known as Game of Games and stylized as ellen's GAME OF GAMES, is an American television game show that premiered on December 18, 2017. In March 2017, NBC ordered six (later eight) hour-long episodes of the series. Ellen DeGeneres serves as host, while Stephen ""tWitch"" Boss appears as announcer/sidekick. The series is based on game segments from DeGeneres' daytime talk show, ""The Ellen DeGeneres Show"". A special preview episode aired on December 18, 2017, with the official series premiere on January 2, 2018. On January 9, 2018, NBC renewed the series


Question: when does ellen's new game show start

Answer: December 18, 2017

"The Ellen DeGeneres Show"
called ""Ellen's Game of Games"", based on the talk show's game segments. A preview episode aired on December 18, 2017, with the official premiere airing on January 2, 2018 and is airing on Tuesdays. The first season has 8 one-hour-long episodes and the second season has 13 one-hour-long episodes and will air sometime in January 2019. The Ellen DeGeneres Show The Ellen DeGeneres Show (often shortened to Ellen and stylized as ellen) is an American television variety comedy talk show hosted by comedian Ellen DeGeneres. Debuting on September 8, 2003, it is produced by Telepictures and airs in syndication, including


Question: when does ellen's new game show start

Answer: December 18, 2017

"Ellen DeGeneres"
game show Ellen's Game of Games on NBC which is based, and expands on games played on her talk show. The series had a preview episode on December 18, 2017 with regular episodes beginning the following January. DeGeneres received wide exposure on November 4, 2001, when she hosted the televised broadcast of the Emmy Awards. Presented after two cancellations due to network concerns that a lavish ceremony following the September 11 attacks would appear insensitive, the show required a more somber tone that would also allow viewers to temporarily forget the tragedy. DeGeneres received several standing ovations for her performance


Question: when does ellen's new game show start

Answer: December 18, 2017

"Ellen's Game of Games"
hosted by Grant Denyer which began on 7 October 2018. In Spain, Antena 3 will air a local version, hosted by Silvia Abril in 2018. Legend: Currently airing No longer airing Upcoming Ellen's Game of Games Ellen's Game of Games, also known as Game of Games and stylized as ellen's GAME OF GAMES, is an American television game show that premiered on December 18, 2017. In March 2017, NBC ordered six (later eight) hour-long episodes of the series. Ellen DeGeneres serves as host, while Stephen ""tWitch"" Boss appears as announcer/sidekick. The series is based on game segments from DeGeneres' daytime


Question: when does the boy in the striped pajamas take place

Answer: World War II

"The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (film)"
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (film) The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (released as The Boy in the Striped Pajamas in the United States) is a 2008 British American historical drama film set in World War II, based on John Boyne’s 2006 novel of the same name. Written and Directed by Mark Herman, produced by BBC Films and Heyday Films, and distributed by Miramax, the film stars Vera Farmiga, David Thewlis, Asa Butterfield, and Jack Scanlon. It was released on 12 September 2008 in the United Kingdom. The Holocaust drama relates the horror of a World War II Nazi


Question: when does the boy in the striped pajamas take place

Answer: World War II

"World War II in popular culture"
and humility. Movies about World War II continued for the rest of the 20th century and into the 21st century, though less in number and included ""Schindler's List (1993 film)"", "" The boy in the Striped Pajamas (2009 film)"", ""The Thin Red Line"" (1998), ""Saving Private Ryan"" (1998), ""Flags of Our Fathers"" (2006) and ""Red Tails"" (2012) about the African American Air Fighter pilots of the Tuskegee Airmen. Movies and television programs about the war continued to be made into the 21st century, including the television mini-series ""Band of Brothers"", ""The Pacific"" and ""Dunkirk"". The majority of World War II


Question: which body part(s) occupy the greatest portion of the primary motor cortex

Answer: face

"Primary motor cortex"
primary motor cortex devoted to a body part is not proportional to the absolute size of the body surface, but, instead, to the relative density of cutaneous motor receptors on said body part. The density of cutaneous motor receptors on the body part is generally indicative of the necessary degree of precision of movement required at that body part. For this reason, the human hands and face have a much larger representation than the legs. For the discovery of the primary motor cortex and its relationship to other motor cortical areas, see the main article on the motor cortex. The


Question: which body part(s) occupy the greatest portion of the primary motor cortex

Answer: face

"Primary motor cortex"
elbow, wrist, fingers, thumb, eyelids, lips, and jaw. The arm and hand motor area is the largest, and occupies the part of precentral gyrus between the leg and face area. These areas are not proportional to their size in the body with the lips, face parts, and hands represented by particularly large areas. Following amputation or paralysis, motor areas can shift to adopt new parts of the body. The primary motor cortex receives thalamic inputs from different thalamic nuclei. Among others: - Ventral lateral nucleus for cerebellar afferents - Ventral anterior nucleus for basal ganglia afferents At least two modifications


Question: which body part(s) occupy the greatest portion of the primary motor cortex

Answer: face

"Free will"
network activation incorporating premotor association cortices together with primary motor cortex. In particular, the supplementary motor complex on the medial surface of the frontal lobe appears to activate prior to primary motor cortex presumably in associated with a preparatory pre-movement process. In a recent study using functional magnetic resonance imaging, alien movements were characterized by a relatively isolated activation of the primary motor cortex contralateral to the alien hand, while voluntary movements of the same body part included the natural activation of motor association cortex associated with the premotor process. The clinical definition requires ""feeling that one limb is foreign


Question: which body part(s) occupy the greatest portion of the primary motor cortex

Answer: face

"Human brain"
action of muscles. The corticospinal tract carries movements from the brain, through the spinal cord, to the torso and limbs. The cranial nerves carry movements related to the eyes, mouth and face. Gross movement – such as locomotion and the movement of arms and legs – is generated in the motor cortex, divided into three parts: the primary motor cortex, found in the prefrontal gyrus and has sections dedicated to the movement of different body parts. These movements are supported and regulated by two other areas, lying anterior to the primary motor cortex: the premotor area and the supplementary motor


Question: which body part(s) occupy the greatest portion of the primary motor cortex

Answer: face

"Somatotopic arrangement"
Somatotopic arrangement Somatotopy is the point-for-point correspondence of an area of the body to a specific point on the central nervous system. Typically, the area of the body corresponds to a point on the primary somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus). This cortex is typically represented as a sensory homunculus which orients the specific body parts and their respective locations upon the homunculus. Areas such as the appendages, digits, penis, and face can draw their sensory locations upon the somatosensory cortex. The areas which are finely controlled (e.g., the digits) have larger portions of the somatosensory cortex whereas areas which are coarsely


Question: which body part(s) occupy the greatest portion of the primary motor cortex

Answer: face

"Supplementary motor area"
Supplementary motor area The supplementary motor area (SMA) is a part of the primate cerebral cortex that contributes to the control of movement. It is located on the midline surface of the hemisphere just in front of (anterior to) the primary motor cortex leg representation. In monkeys the SMA contains a rough map of the body. In humans the body map is not apparent. Neurons in the SMA project directly to the spinal cord and may play a role in the direct control of movement. Possible functions attributed to the SMA include the postural stabilization of the body, the coordination


Question: which body part(s) occupy the greatest portion of the primary motor cortex

Answer: face

"Premotor cortex"
movement, in the sensory guidance of movement, in understanding the actions of others, and in using abstract rules to perform specific tasks. Different subregions of the premotor cortex have different properties and presumably emphasize different functions. The premotor cortex occupies the part of Brodmann area 6 that lies on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere. The medial extension of area 6, onto the midline surface of the hemisphere, is the site of the supplementary motor area, or SMA. The premotor cortex can be distinguished from the primary motor cortex, Brodmann area 4, just posterior to it, based on two


Question: which body part(s) occupy the greatest portion of the primary motor cortex

Answer: face

"Upper motor neuron"
Upper motor neuron Upper motor neurons (UMNs) are the main source of voluntary movement. They are found in the brain and carry motor information down the spinal cord to activate the lower motor neurons, which in turn directly signal muscles to contract. They are a type of giant pyramidal cell called ""Betz cells"" and are found just below the surface of the cerebral cortex within layer V of the primary motor cortex. The cell bodies of ""Betz cell"" neurons are the largest in the brain, approaching nearly 0.1mm in diameter. The primary motor cortex, or precentral gyrus, is one of


Question: who penned the famous indian epic the ramayana

Answer: Valmiki

Ramayana
written in Central Java circa 870 AD during the reign of Mpu Sindok in the Medang Kingdom. The Javanese ""Kakawin Ramayana"" is not based on Valmiki's epic, which was then the most famous version of Rama's story, but based on ""Ravanavadha"" or the ""Ravana massacre"", which is the sixth or seventh century poem by Indian poet Bhattikavya. ""Kakawin Ramayana"" was further developed on the neighboring island of Bali becoming the Balinese ""Ramakavaca"". The bas-reliefs of Ramayana and Krishnayana scenes are carved on balustrades of the 9th century Prambanan temple in Yogyakarta, as well as in the 14th century Penataran temple


Question: who penned the famous indian epic the ramayana

Answer: Valmiki

"Indian literature"
Marathi, Telugu and Urdu, two each in Assamese and Tamil, and one in Sanskrit. Examples of early works written in Vedic Sanskrit include the holy Hindu texts, such as the core Vedas. Other examples include the Sulba Sutras, which are some of the earliest texts on geometry.. Ved Vyasa's ""Mahabharata"" and Valmiki's ""Ramayana"", written in Epic Sanskrit, are regarded as the greatest Sanskrit epics. The famous poet and playwright Kālidāsa wrote one epic: ""Raghuvamsha"" (""Dynasty of Raghu"") ; it was written in Classical Sanskrit rather than Epic Sanskrit. Other examples of works written in Classical Sanskrit include the Pāṇini's ""Ashtadhyayi""


Question: who penned the famous indian epic the ramayana

Answer: Valmiki

"Sampoorna Ramayana"
Sampoorna Ramayana Sampoorna Ramayana (English: ""The Complete Ramayana"") is a 1961 Hindi language Indian mythological film directed by Babubhai Mistry, based on the Hindu epic ""Ramayana"" by Valmiki, starring Mahipal and Anita Guha as Rama and Sita respectively. The film was a box office hit, and became a milestone in the history of Hindu mythology. It was the second significant Hindi film based on Rama, after Vijay Bhatt's hugely popular ""Ram Rajya"" (1943). Babubhai, known for his special effects throughout his career, made extensive use of effects to enhance dramatics. The film also made lead actor Anita Guha, who played


Question: who penned the famous indian epic the ramayana

Answer: Valmiki

"Rukmini Devi Arundale"
elements, and innovative costumes, and jewellery inspired by the temple sculptures. Just as for her teacher she approached noted gurus in various arts and classical dances, for her productions, Rukmini Devi approached noted scholars for inspiration and classical musicians and artists, for collaboration, the result was the creation some of pioneering dance dramas-based on Indian epics like the Valmiki's Ramayana and Jayadeva's Gita Govinda. Starting with famous dance dramas like, 'Sita Swayamvaram', 'Sri Rama Vanagamanam', 'Paduka Pattabhishekam' and 'Sabari Moksham', followed by 'Kutrala Kuruvanji', 'Ramayana', 'Kumara Sambhavam', 'Gita Govindam' and 'Usha Parinayam'. Schools based on the Montessori method were first


Question: who penned the famous indian epic the ramayana

Answer: Valmiki

"Ranganatha ramayan"
Ranganatha ramayan Sri Ranganatha Ramayanam (శ్రీ రంగనాథ రామాయణం) is one of the most famous adaptions of the Valmiki ""Ramayana"" in Telugu, a Dravidian language spoken by the people of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Telugu has a very rich literary tradition, starting in the 11th century A.D. Although there are more than forty adaptions of the Valmiki ""Ramayana"" which are partly or completely in Telugu, only four adaptions have covered the entire theme of the original epic. They are Ranganatha Ramayana, ""Bhaskar Ramayana"", ""Molla Ramayana"", and ""Ramayana Kalpavriksham"". ""Ranganatha Ramayana"" was written by the poet Ranganatha—also known as Gona Budda Reddy—between


Question: who penned the famous indian epic the ramayana

Answer: Valmiki

Rama
more authoritative than the version by Valmiki. Versions of the ""Ramayana"" exist in most major Indian languages; examples that elaborate on the life, deeds and divine philosophies of Rama include the epic poem ""Ramavataram"", and the following vernacular versions of Rama's life story: The epic is found across India, in different languages and cultural traditions. ""Adhyatma Ramayana"" is a late medieval Sanskrit text extolling the spiritualism in the story of Ramayana. It is embedded in the latter portion of ""Brahmānda Purana"", and constitutes about a third of it. The text philosophically attempts to reconcile Bhakti in god Rama and Shaktism


Question: who penned the famous indian epic the ramayana

Answer: Valmiki

Ramayana
Ramayana Ramayana (; , """" ) is an ancient Indian epic poem which narrates the struggle of the divine prince Rama to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana. Along with the ""Mahabharata"", it forms the Hindu Itihasa. The epic, traditionally ascribed to the Hindu sage Valmiki, narrates the life of Rama, the legendary prince of the Kosala Kingdom. It follows his fourteen-year exile to the forest from the kingdom, by his father King Dasharatha, on request of his second wife Kaikeyi. His travels across forests in India with his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana, the kidnapping of