llm-conf

Running

File size: 61,649 Bytes

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"><head>
<script src="Accelerate_files/libs/clipboard/clipboard.min.js"></script>
<script src="Accelerate_files/libs/quarto-html/tabby.min.js"></script>
<script src="Accelerate_files/libs/quarto-html/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="Accelerate_files/libs/quarto-html/tippy.umd.min.js"></script>
<link href="Accelerate_files/libs/quarto-html/tippy.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="Accelerate_files/libs/quarto-html/quarto-html.min.css" rel="stylesheet" data-mode="light">
<link href="Accelerate_files/libs/quarto-html/quarto-syntax-highlighting-dark.css" rel="stylesheet" id="quarto-text-highlighting-styles"><meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="generator" content="quarto-1.2.237">

  <meta name="author" content="Zachary Mueller">
  <title>Accelerate, Three Powerful Sublibraries for PyTorch</title>
  <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
  <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, minimal-ui">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="Accelerate_files/libs/revealjs/dist/reset.css">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="Accelerate_files/libs/revealjs/dist/reveal.css">
  <style>
    code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
    span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
    div.columns{display: flex; gap: min(4vw, 1.5em);}
    div.column{flex: auto; overflow-x: auto;}
    div.hanging-indent{margin-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1.5em;}
    ul.task-list{list-style: none;}
    ul.task-list li input[type="checkbox"] {
      width: 0.8em;
      margin: 0 0.8em 0.2em -1.6em;
      vertical-align: middle;
    }
    pre > code.sourceCode { white-space: pre; position: relative; }
    pre > code.sourceCode > span { display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25; }
    pre > code.sourceCode > span:empty { height: 1.2em; }
    .sourceCode { overflow: visible; }
    code.sourceCode > span { color: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; }
    div.sourceCode { margin: 1em 0; }
    pre.sourceCode { margin: 0; }
    @media screen {
    div.sourceCode { overflow: auto; }
    }
    @media print {
    pre > code.sourceCode { white-space: pre-wrap; }
    pre > code.sourceCode > span { text-indent: -5em; padding-left: 5em; }
    }
    pre.numberSource code
      { counter-reset: source-line 0; }
    pre.numberSource code > span
      { position: relative; left: -4em; counter-increment: source-line; }
    pre.numberSource code > span > a:first-child::before
      { content: counter(source-line);
        position: relative; left: -1em; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline;
        border: none; display: inline-block;
        -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none;
        -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none;
        -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none;
        padding: 0 4px; width: 4em;
      }
    pre.numberSource { margin-left: 3em;  padding-left: 4px; }
    div.sourceCode
      { color: #f8f8f2;  }
    @media screen {
    pre > code.sourceCode > span > a:first-child::before { text-decoration: underline; }
    }
    code span { color: #f8f8f2; } /* Normal */
    code span.al { color: #f07178; background-color: #2a0f15; font-weight: bold; } /* Alert */
    code span.an { color: #d4d0ab; } /* Annotation */
    code span.at { color: #00e0e0; } /* Attribute */
    code span.bn { color: #d4d0ab; } /* BaseN */
    code span.bu { color: #abe338; } /* BuiltIn */
    code span.cf { color: #ffa07a; font-weight: bold; } /* ControlFlow */
    code span.ch { color: #abe338; } /* Char */
    code span.cn { color: #ffd700; } /* Constant */
    code span.co { color: #f8f8f2; font-style: italic; } /* Comment */
    code span.cv { color: #ffd700; } /* CommentVar */
    code span.do { color: #f8f8f2; } /* Documentation */
    code span.dt { color: #ffa07a; } /* DataType */
    code span.dv { color: #d4d0ab; } /* DecVal */
    code span.er { color: #f07178; text-decoration: underline; } /* Error */
    code span.ex { color: #00e0e0; font-weight: bold; } /* Extension */
    code span.fl { color: #d4d0ab; } /* Float */
    code span.fu { color: #ffa07a; } /* Function */
    code span.im { color: #abe338; } /* Import */
    code span.in { color: #d4d0ab; } /* Information */
    code span.kw { color: #ffa07a; font-weight: bold; } /* Keyword */
    code span.op { color: #ffa07a; } /* Operator */
    code span.ot { color: #00e0e0; } /* Other */
    code span.pp { color: #dcc6e0; } /* Preprocessor */
    code span.re { color: #00e0e0; background-color: #f8f8f2; } /* RegionMarker */
    code span.sc { color: #abe338; } /* SpecialChar */
    code span.ss { color: #abe338; } /* SpecialString */
    code span.st { color: #abe338; } /* String */
    code span.va { color: #00e0e0; } /* Variable */
    code span.vs { color: #abe338; } /* VerbatimString */
    code span.wa { color: #dcc6e0; } /* Warning */
  </style>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="Accelerate_files/libs/revealjs/dist/theme/quarto.css" id="theme">
  <link href="Accelerate_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/quarto-line-highlight/line-highlight.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <link href="Accelerate_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/reveal-menu/menu.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <link href="Accelerate_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/reveal-menu/quarto-menu.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <link href="Accelerate_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/quarto-support/footer.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <style type="text/css">

  .callout {
    margin-top: 1em;
    margin-bottom: 1em;  
    border-radius: .25rem;
  }

  .callout.callout-style-simple { 
    padding: 0em 0.5em;
    border-left: solid #acacac .3rem;
    border-right: solid 1px silver;
    border-top: solid 1px silver;
    border-bottom: solid 1px silver;
    display: flex;
  }

  .callout.callout-style-default {
    border-left: solid #acacac .3rem;
    border-right: solid 1px silver;
    border-top: solid 1px silver;
    border-bottom: solid 1px silver;
  }

  .callout .callout-body-container {
    flex-grow: 1;
  }

  .callout.callout-style-simple .callout-body {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 400;
  }

  .callout.callout-style-default .callout-body {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 400;
  }

  .callout.callout-captioned.callout-style-simple .callout-body {
    margin-top: 0.2em;
  }

  .callout:not(.callout-captioned) .callout-body {
      display: flex;
  }

  .callout:not(.no-icon).callout-captioned.callout-style-simple .callout-content {
    padding-left: 1.6em;
  }

  .callout.callout-captioned .callout-header {
    padding-top: 0.2em;
    margin-bottom: -0.2em;
  }

  .callout.callout-captioned .callout-caption  p {
    margin-top: 0.5em;
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
  }
    
  .callout.callout-captioned.callout-style-simple .callout-content  p {
    margin-top: 0;
  }

  .callout.callout-captioned.callout-style-default .callout-content  p {
    margin-top: 0.7em;
  }

  .callout.callout-style-simple div.callout-caption {
    border-bottom: none;
    font-size: .9rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    opacity: 75%;
  }

  .callout.callout-style-default  div.callout-caption {
    border-bottom: none;
    font-weight: 600;
    opacity: 85%;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    padding-left: 0.5em;
    padding-right: 0.5em;
  }

  .callout.callout-style-default div.callout-content {
    padding-left: 0.5em;
    padding-right: 0.5em;
  }

  .callout.callout-style-simple .callout-icon::before {
    height: 1rem;
    width: 1rem;
    display: inline-block;
    content: "";
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-size: 1rem 1rem;
  }

  .callout.callout-style-default .callout-icon::before {
    height: 0.9rem;
    width: 0.9rem;
    display: inline-block;
    content: "";
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-size: 0.9rem 0.9rem;
  }

  .callout-caption {
    display: flex
  }
    
  .callout-icon::before {
    margin-top: 1rem;
    padding-right: .5rem;
  }

  .callout.no-icon::before {
    display: none !important;
  }

  .callout.callout-captioned .callout-body > .callout-content > :last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  }

  .callout.callout-captioned .callout-icon::before {
    margin-top: .5rem;
    padding-right: .5rem;
  }

  .callout:not(.callout-captioned) .callout-icon::before {
    margin-top: 1rem;
    padding-right: .5rem;
  }

  /* Callout Types */

  div.callout-note {
    border-left-color: #4582ec !important;
  }

  div.callout-note .callout-icon::before {
    background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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');
  }

  div.callout-note.callout-style-default .callout-caption {
    background-color: #dae6fb
  }

  div.callout-important {
    border-left-color: #d9534f !important;
  }

  div.callout-important .callout-icon::before {
    background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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');
  }

  div.callout-important.callout-style-default .callout-caption {
    background-color: #f7dddc
  }

  div.callout-warning {
    border-left-color: #f0ad4e !important;
  }

  div.callout-warning .callout-icon::before {
    background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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');
  }

  div.callout-warning.callout-style-default .callout-caption {
    background-color: #fcefdc
  }

  div.callout-tip {
    border-left-color: #02b875 !important;
  }

  div.callout-tip .callout-icon::before {
    background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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');
  }

  div.callout-tip.callout-style-default .callout-caption {
    background-color: #ccf1e3
  }

  div.callout-caution {
    border-left-color: #fd7e14 !important;
  }

  div.callout-caution .callout-icon::before {
    background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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');
  }

  div.callout-caution.callout-style-default .callout-caption {
    background-color: #ffe5d0
  }

  </style>
  <style type="text/css">
    .reveal div.sourceCode {
      margin: 0;
      overflow: auto;
    }
    .reveal div.hanging-indent {
      margin-left: 1em;
      text-indent: -1em;
    }
    .reveal .slide:not(.center) {
      height: 100%;
    }
    .reveal .slide.scrollable {
      overflow-y: auto;
    }
    .reveal .footnotes {
      height: 100%;
      overflow-y: auto;
    }
    .reveal .slide .absolute {
      position: absolute;
      display: block;
    }
    .reveal .footnotes ol {
      counter-reset: ol;
      list-style-type: none; 
      margin-left: 0;
    }
    .reveal .footnotes ol li:before {
      counter-increment: ol;
      content: counter(ol) ". "; 
    }
    .reveal .footnotes ol li > p:first-child {
      display: inline-block;
    }
    .reveal .slide ul,
    .reveal .slide ol {
      margin-bottom: 0.5em;
    }
    .reveal .slide ul li,
    .reveal .slide ol li {
      margin-top: 0.4em;
      margin-bottom: 0.2em;
    }
    .reveal .slide ul[role="tablist"] li {
      margin-bottom: 0;
    }
    .reveal .slide ul li > *:first-child,
    .reveal .slide ol li > *:first-child {
      margin-block-start: 0;
    }
    .reveal .slide ul li > *:last-child,
    .reveal .slide ol li > *:last-child {
      margin-block-end: 0;
    }
    .reveal .slide .columns:nth-child(3) {
      margin-block-start: 0.8em;
    }
    .reveal blockquote {
      box-shadow: none;
    }
    .reveal .tippy-content>* {
      margin-top: 0.2em;
      margin-bottom: 0.7em;
    }
    .reveal .tippy-content>*:last-child {
      margin-bottom: 0.2em;
    }
    .reveal .slide > img.stretch.quarto-figure-center,
    .reveal .slide > img.r-stretch.quarto-figure-center {
      display: block;
      margin-left: auto;
      margin-right: auto; 
    }
    .reveal .slide > img.stretch.quarto-figure-left,
    .reveal .slide > img.r-stretch.quarto-figure-left  {
      display: block;
      margin-left: 0;
      margin-right: auto; 
    }
    .reveal .slide > img.stretch.quarto-figure-right,
    .reveal .slide > img.r-stretch.quarto-figure-right  {
      display: block;
      margin-left: auto;
      margin-right: 0; 
    }
  </style>
  <script src="Accelerate_files/libs/quarto-diagram/mermaid.min.js"></script>
  <script src="Accelerate_files/libs/quarto-diagram/mermaid-init.js"></script>
  <link href="Accelerate_files/libs/quarto-diagram/mermaid.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body class="quarto-dark">
  <div class="reveal">
    <div class="slides">

<section id="title-slide" class="quarto-title-block center">
  <h1 class="title">Accelerate, Three Powerful Sublibraries for PyTorch</h1>

<div class="quarto-title-authors">
<div class="quarto-title-author">
<div class="quarto-title-author-name">
Zachary Mueller 
</div>
</div>
</div>

</section>
<section id="who-am-i" class="slide level2">
<h2>Who am I?</h2>
<ul>
<li>Zachary Mueller</li>
<li>Deep Learning Software Engineer at 🤗</li>
<li>API design geek</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="what-is-accelerate" class="slide level2">
<h2>What is 🤗 Accelerate?</h2>
<div class="cell" data-reveal="true" data-fig-height="6">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div>
<p>
</p><pre class="mermaid mermaid-js" data-tooltip-selector="#mermaid-tooltip-1">graph LR
    A{"🤗 Accelerate#32;"}
    A --&gt; B["Launching&lt;br&gt;Interface#32;"]
    A --&gt; C["Training Library#32;"]
    A --&gt; D["Big Model&lt;br&gt;Inference#32;"]
</pre>
<div id="mermaid-tooltip-1" class="mermaidTooltip">

</div>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<section id="a-launching-interface" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>A Launching Interface</h1>
<p>Can’t I just use <code>python do_the_thing.py</code>?</p>
</section>
<section id="a-launching-interface-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>A Launching Interface</h2>
<p>Launching scripts in different environments is complicated:</p>
<ul>
<li><div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource bash number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1"></a><span class="ex">python</span> script.py</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div></li>
<li><div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource bash number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1"></a><span class="ex">torchrun</span> <span class="at">--nnodes</span><span class="op">=</span>1 <span class="at">--nproc_per_node</span><span class="op">=</span>2 script.py</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div></li>
<li><div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource bash number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1"></a><span class="ex">deepspeed</span> <span class="at">--num_gpus</span><span class="op">=</span>2 script.py</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div></li>
</ul>
<p>And more!</p>
</section>
<section id="a-launching-interface-2" class="slide level2">
<h2>A Launching Interface</h2>
<p>But it doesn’t have to be:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource bash number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1"></a><span class="ex">accelerate</span> launch script.py</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<p>A single command to launch with <code>DeepSpeed</code>, Fully Sharded Data Parallelism, across single and multi CPUs and GPUs, and to train on TPUs<sup>1</sup> too!</p>
<aside><ol class="aside-footnotes"><li id="fn1"><p>Without needing to modify your code and create a <code>_mp_fn</code></p></li></ol></aside></section>
<section id="a-launching-interface-3" class="slide level2">
<h2>A Launching Interface</h2>
<p>Generate a device-specific configuration through <code>accelerate config</code></p>

<img data-src="CLI.gif" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="a-launching-interface-4" class="slide level2">
<h2>A Launching Interface</h2>
<p>Or don’t. <code>accelerate config</code> doesn’t <em>have</em> to be done!</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource bash number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1"></a><span class="ex">torchrun</span> <span class="at">--nnodes</span><span class="op">=</span>1 <span class="at">--nproc_per_node</span><span class="op">=</span>2 script.py</span>
<span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2"></a><span class="ex">accelerate</span> launch <span class="at">--multi_gpu</span> <span class="at">--nproc_per_node</span><span class="op">=</span>2 script.py</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<p>A quick default configuration can be made too:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource bash number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1"></a><span class="ex">accelerate</span> config default</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</section>
<section id="a-launching-interface-5" class="slide level2">
<h2>A Launching Interface</h2>
<p>With the <code>notebook_launcher</code> it’s also possible to launch code directly from your Jupyter environment too!</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb7-1"><a href="#cb7-1"></a><span class="im">from</span> accelerate <span class="im">import</span> notebook_launcher</span>
<span id="cb7-2"><a href="#cb7-2"></a>notebook_launcher(</span>
<span id="cb7-3"><a href="#cb7-3"></a>    training_loop_function, </span>
<span id="cb7-4"><a href="#cb7-4"></a>    args, </span>
<span id="cb7-5"><a href="#cb7-5"></a>    num_processes<span class="op">=</span><span class="dv">2</span></span>
<span id="cb7-6"><a href="#cb7-6"></a>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb8-1"><a href="#cb8-1"></a>Launching training on <span class="dv">2</span> GPUs.</span>
<span id="cb8-2"><a href="#cb8-2"></a>epoch <span class="dv">0</span>: <span class="fl">88.12</span></span>
<span id="cb8-3"><a href="#cb8-3"></a>epoch <span class="dv">1</span>: <span class="fl">91.73</span></span>
<span id="cb8-4"><a href="#cb8-4"></a>epoch <span class="dv">2</span>: <span class="fl">92.58</span></span>
<span id="cb8-5"><a href="#cb8-5"></a>epoch <span class="dv">3</span>: <span class="fl">93.90</span></span>
<span id="cb8-6"><a href="#cb8-6"></a>epoch <span class="dv">4</span>: <span class="fl">94.71</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</section></section>
<section>
<section id="a-training-library" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>A Training Library</h1>
<p>Okay, will <code>accelerate launch</code> make <code>do_the_thing.py</code> use all my GPUs magically?</p>
</section>
<section id="a-training-library-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>A Training Library</h2>
<ul>
<li>Just showed that its possible using <code>accelerate launch</code> to <em>launch</em> a python script in various distributed environments</li>
<li>This does <em>not</em> mean that the script will just “use” that code and still run on the new compute efficiently.</li>
<li>Training on different computes often means <em>many</em> lines of code changed for each specific compute.</li>
<li>🤗 <code>accelerate</code> solves this by ensuring the same code can be ran on a CPU or GPU, multiples, and on TPUs!</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="a-training-library-2" class="slide level2">
<h2>A Training Library</h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb9-1"><a href="#cb9-1"></a><span class="cf">for</span> batch <span class="kw">in</span> dataloader:</span>
<span id="cb9-2"><a href="#cb9-2"></a>    optimizer.zero_grad()</span>
<span id="cb9-3"><a href="#cb9-3"></a>    inputs, targets <span class="op">=</span> batch</span>
<span id="cb9-4"><a href="#cb9-4"></a>    inputs <span class="op">=</span> inputs.to(device)</span>
<span id="cb9-5"><a href="#cb9-5"></a>    targets <span class="op">=</span> targets.to(device)</span>
<span id="cb9-6"><a href="#cb9-6"></a>    outputs <span class="op">=</span> model(inputs)</span>
<span id="cb9-7"><a href="#cb9-7"></a>    loss <span class="op">=</span> loss_function(outputs, targets)</span>
<span id="cb9-8"><a href="#cb9-8"></a>    loss.backward()</span>
<span id="cb9-9"><a href="#cb9-9"></a>    optimizer.step()</span>
<span id="cb9-10"><a href="#cb9-10"></a>    scheduler.step()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</section>
<section id="a-training-library-3" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>A Training Library</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:43%;">
<p><br><br><br></p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb10" data-code-line-numbers="5-6,9"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb10-1"><a href="#cb10-1"></a><span class="co"># For alignment purposes</span></span>
<span id="cb10-2"><a href="#cb10-2"></a><span class="cf">for</span> batch <span class="kw">in</span> dataloader:</span>
<span id="cb10-3"><a href="#cb10-3"></a>    optimizer.zero_grad()</span>
<span id="cb10-4"><a href="#cb10-4"></a>    inputs, targets <span class="op">=</span> batch</span>
<span id="cb10-5"><a href="#cb10-5"></a>    inputs <span class="op">=</span> inputs.to(device)</span>
<span id="cb10-6"><a href="#cb10-6"></a>    targets <span class="op">=</span> targets.to(device)</span>
<span id="cb10-7"><a href="#cb10-7"></a>    outputs <span class="op">=</span> model(inputs)</span>
<span id="cb10-8"><a href="#cb10-8"></a>    loss <span class="op">=</span> loss_function(outputs, targets)</span>
<span id="cb10-9"><a href="#cb10-9"></a>    loss.backward()</span>
<span id="cb10-10"><a href="#cb10-10"></a>    optimizer.step()</span>
<span id="cb10-11"><a href="#cb10-11"></a>    scheduler.step()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:57%;">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb11" data-code-line-numbers="1-7,12-13,16"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb11-1"><a href="#cb11-1"></a><span class="im">from</span> accelerate <span class="im">import</span> Accelerator</span>
<span id="cb11-2"><a href="#cb11-2"></a>accelerator <span class="op">=</span> Accelerator()</span>
<span id="cb11-3"><a href="#cb11-3"></a>dataloader, model, optimizer scheduler <span class="op">=</span> (</span>
<span id="cb11-4"><a href="#cb11-4"></a>    accelerator.prepare(</span>
<span id="cb11-5"><a href="#cb11-5"></a>        dataloader, model, optimizer, scheduler</span>
<span id="cb11-6"><a href="#cb11-6"></a>    )</span>
<span id="cb11-7"><a href="#cb11-7"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb11-8"><a href="#cb11-8"></a></span>
<span id="cb11-9"><a href="#cb11-9"></a><span class="cf">for</span> batch <span class="kw">in</span> dataloader:</span>
<span id="cb11-10"><a href="#cb11-10"></a>    optimizer.zero_grad()</span>
<span id="cb11-11"><a href="#cb11-11"></a>    inputs, targets <span class="op">=</span> batch</span>
<span id="cb11-12"><a href="#cb11-12"></a>    <span class="co"># inputs = inputs.to(device)</span></span>
<span id="cb11-13"><a href="#cb11-13"></a>    <span class="co"># targets = targets.to(device)</span></span>
<span id="cb11-14"><a href="#cb11-14"></a>    outputs <span class="op">=</span> model(inputs)</span>
<span id="cb11-15"><a href="#cb11-15"></a>    loss <span class="op">=</span> loss_function(outputs, targets)</span>
<span id="cb11-16"><a href="#cb11-16"></a>    accelerator.backward(loss) <span class="co"># loss.backward()</span></span>
<span id="cb11-17"><a href="#cb11-17"></a>    optimizer.step()</span>
<span id="cb11-18"><a href="#cb11-18"></a>    scheduler.step()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="a-training-library-4" class="slide level2">
<h2>A Training Library</h2>
<p>What all happened in <code>Accelerator.prepare</code>?</p>
<div>
<ol type="1">
<li class="fragment"><code>Accelerator</code> looked at the configuration</li>
<li class="fragment">The <code>dataloader</code> was converted into one that can dispatch each batch onto a seperate GPU</li>
<li class="fragment">The <code>model</code> was wrapped with the appropriate DDP wrapper from either <code>torch.distributed</code> or <code>torch_xla</code></li>
<li class="fragment">The <code>optimizer</code> and <code>scheduler</code> were both converted into an <code>AcceleratedOptimizer</code> and <code>AcceleratedScheduler</code> which knows how to handle any distributed scenario</li>
</ol>
</div>
</section>
<section id="a-training-library-mixed-precision" class="slide level2">
<h2>A Training Library, Mixed Precision</h2>
<p>🤗 <code>accelerate</code> also supports <em>automatic mixed precision</em>.</p>
<p>Through a single flag to the <code>Accelerator</code> object when calling <code>accelerator.backward()</code> the mixed precision of your choosing (such as <code>bf16</code> or <code>fp16</code>) will be applied:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb12" data-code-line-numbers="2,9"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb12-1"><a href="#cb12-1"></a><span class="im">from</span> accelerate <span class="im">import</span> Accelerator</span>
<span id="cb12-2"><a href="#cb12-2"></a>accelerator <span class="op">=</span> Accelerator(mixed_precision<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">"fp16"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb12-3"><a href="#cb12-3"></a>...</span>
<span id="cb12-4"><a href="#cb12-4"></a><span class="cf">for</span> batch <span class="kw">in</span> dataloader:</span>
<span id="cb12-5"><a href="#cb12-5"></a>    optimizer.zero_grad()</span>
<span id="cb12-6"><a href="#cb12-6"></a>    inputs, targets <span class="op">=</span> batch</span>
<span id="cb12-7"><a href="#cb12-7"></a>    outputs <span class="op">=</span> model(inputs)</span>
<span id="cb12-8"><a href="#cb12-8"></a>    loss <span class="op">=</span> loss_function(outputs, targets)</span>
<span id="cb12-9"><a href="#cb12-9"></a>    accelerator.backward(loss)</span>
<span id="cb12-10"><a href="#cb12-10"></a>    optimizer.step()</span>
<span id="cb12-11"><a href="#cb12-11"></a>    scheduler.step()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</section>
<section id="a-training-library-gradient-accumulation" class="slide level2">
<h2>A Training Library, Gradient Accumulation</h2>
<p>Gradient accumulation in distributed setups often need extra care to ensure gradients are aligned when they need to be and the backward pass is computationally efficient.</p>
<p>🤗 <code>accelerate</code> can just easily handle this for you:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb13" data-code-line-numbers="2,5"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb13-1"><a href="#cb13-1"></a><span class="im">from</span> accelerate <span class="im">import</span> Accelerator</span>
<span id="cb13-2"><a href="#cb13-2"></a>accelerator <span class="op">=</span> Accelerator(gradient_accumulation_steps<span class="op">=</span><span class="dv">4</span>)</span>
<span id="cb13-3"><a href="#cb13-3"></a>...</span>
<span id="cb13-4"><a href="#cb13-4"></a><span class="cf">for</span> batch <span class="kw">in</span> dataloader:</span>
<span id="cb13-5"><a href="#cb13-5"></a>    <span class="cf">with</span> accelerator.accumulate(model):</span>
<span id="cb13-6"><a href="#cb13-6"></a>        optimizer.zero_grad()</span>
<span id="cb13-7"><a href="#cb13-7"></a>        inputs, targets <span class="op">=</span> batch</span>
<span id="cb13-8"><a href="#cb13-8"></a>        outputs <span class="op">=</span> model(inputs)</span>
<span id="cb13-9"><a href="#cb13-9"></a>        loss <span class="op">=</span> loss_function(outputs, targets)</span>
<span id="cb13-10"><a href="#cb13-10"></a>        accelerator.backward(loss)</span>
<span id="cb13-11"><a href="#cb13-11"></a>        optimizer.step()</span>
<span id="cb13-12"><a href="#cb13-12"></a>        scheduler.step()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</section>
<section id="a-training-library-gradient-accumulation-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>A Training Library, Gradient Accumulation</h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb14" data-code-line-numbers="5-7,10,11,12,15"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb14-1"><a href="#cb14-1"></a>ddp_model, dataloader <span class="op">=</span> accelerator.prepare(model, dataloader)</span>
<span id="cb14-2"><a href="#cb14-2"></a></span>
<span id="cb14-3"><a href="#cb14-3"></a><span class="cf">for</span> index, batch <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="bu">enumerate</span>(dataloader):</span>
<span id="cb14-4"><a href="#cb14-4"></a>    inputs, targets <span class="op">=</span> batch</span>
<span id="cb14-5"><a href="#cb14-5"></a>    <span class="cf">if</span> index <span class="op">!=</span> (<span class="bu">len</span>(dataloader)<span class="op">-</span><span class="dv">1</span>) <span class="kw">or</span> (index <span class="op">%</span> <span class="dv">4</span>) <span class="op">!=</span> <span class="dv">0</span>:</span>
<span id="cb14-6"><a href="#cb14-6"></a>        <span class="co"># Gradients don't sync</span></span>
<span id="cb14-7"><a href="#cb14-7"></a>        <span class="cf">with</span> accelerator.no_sync(model):</span>
<span id="cb14-8"><a href="#cb14-8"></a>            outputs <span class="op">=</span> ddp_model(inputs)</span>
<span id="cb14-9"><a href="#cb14-9"></a>            loss <span class="op">=</span> loss_func(outputs, targets)</span>
<span id="cb14-10"><a href="#cb14-10"></a>            accelerator.backward(loss)</span>
<span id="cb14-11"><a href="#cb14-11"></a>    <span class="cf">else</span>:</span>
<span id="cb14-12"><a href="#cb14-12"></a>        <span class="co"># Gradients finally sync</span></span>
<span id="cb14-13"><a href="#cb14-13"></a>        outputs <span class="op">=</span> ddp_model(inputs)</span>
<span id="cb14-14"><a href="#cb14-14"></a>        loss <span class="op">=</span> loss_func(outputs)</span>
<span id="cb14-15"><a href="#cb14-15"></a>        accelerator.backward(loss)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</section></section>
<section>
<section id="big-model-inference" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Big Model Inference</h1>
<p>Stable Diffusion taking the world by storm</p>
</section>
<section id="bigger-models-higher-compute" class="slide level2">
<h2>Bigger Models == Higher Compute</h2>
<p>As more large models were being released, Hugging Face quickly realized there must be a way to continue our decentralization of Machine Learning and have the day-to-day programmer be able to leverage these big models.</p>
<p>Born out of this effort by Sylvain Gugger:</p>
<p>🤗 Accelerate: Big Model Inference.</p>
</section>
<section id="the-basic-premise" class="slide level2">
<h2>The Basic Premise</h2>
<div>
<ul>
<li class="fragment"><p>In PyTorch, there exists the <code>meta</code> device.</p></li>
<li class="fragment"><p>Super small footprint to load in huge models quickly by not loading in their weights immediatly.</p></li>
<li class="fragment"><p>As an input gets passed through each layer, we can load and unload <em>parts</em> of the PyTorch model quickly so that only a small portion of the big model is loaded in at a single time.</p></li>
<li class="fragment"><p>The end result? Stable Diffusion v1 can be ran on &lt; 800mb of vRAM</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section id="the-code" class="slide level2">
<h2>The Code</h2>
<p>Generally you start with something like so:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb15"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb15-1"><a href="#cb15-1"></a><span class="im">import</span> torch</span>
<span id="cb15-2"><a href="#cb15-2"></a></span>
<span id="cb15-3"><a href="#cb15-3"></a>my_model <span class="op">=</span> ModelClass(...)</span>
<span id="cb15-4"><a href="#cb15-4"></a>state_dict <span class="op">=</span> torch.load(checkpoint_file)</span>
<span id="cb15-5"><a href="#cb15-5"></a>my_model.load_state_dict(state_dict)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<p>But this has issues:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>The full version of the model is loaded at <code>3</code></li>
<li>Another version of the model is loaded into memory at <code>4</code></li>
</ol>
<p>If a 6 <em>billion</em> parameter model is being loaded, each model class has a dictionary of 24GB so 48GB of vRAM is needed</p>
</section>
<section id="empty-model-weights" class="slide level2">
<h2>Empty Model Weights</h2>
<p>We can fix step 1 by loading in an empty model skeleton at first:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb16" data-code-line-numbers="1,3-4"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb16-1"><a href="#cb16-1"></a><span class="im">from</span> accelerate <span class="im">import</span> init_empty_weights</span>
<span id="cb16-2"><a href="#cb16-2"></a></span>
<span id="cb16-3"><a href="#cb16-3"></a><span class="cf">with</span> init_empty_weights():</span>
<span id="cb16-4"><a href="#cb16-4"></a>    my_model <span class="op">=</span> ModelClass(...)</span>
<span id="cb16-5"><a href="#cb16-5"></a>state_dict <span class="op">=</span> torch.load(checkpoint_file)</span>
<span id="cb16-6"><a href="#cb16-6"></a>my_model.load_state_dict(state_dict)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="callout callout-important callout-captioned callout-style-default">
<div class="callout-body">
<div class="callout-caption">
<div class="callout-icon-container">
<i class="callout-icon"></i>
</div>
<p><strong>This code will not run</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="callout-content">
<p>It is likely that just calling <code>my_model(x)</code> will fail as not all tensor operations are supported on the <code>meta</code> device.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="sharded-checkpoints---the-concept" class="slide level2">
<h2>Sharded Checkpoints - The Concept</h2>
<p>The next step is to have “Sharded Checkpoints” saved for your model.</p>
<p>Basically smaller chunks of your model weights stored that can be brought in at any particular time.</p>
<p>This reduces the amount of memory step 2 takes in since we can just load in a “chunk” of the model at a time, then swap it out for a new chunk through PyTorch hooks</p>
</section>
<section id="sharded-checkpoints---the-code" class="slide level2">
<h2>Sharded Checkpoints - The Code</h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb17" data-code-line-numbers="1,6-8"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb17-1"><a href="#cb17-1"></a><span class="im">from</span> accelerate <span class="im">import</span> init_empty_weights, load_checkpoint_and_dispatch</span>
<span id="cb17-2"><a href="#cb17-2"></a></span>
<span id="cb17-3"><a href="#cb17-3"></a><span class="cf">with</span> init_empty_weights():</span>
<span id="cb17-4"><a href="#cb17-4"></a>    my_model <span class="op">=</span> ModelClass(...)</span>
<span id="cb17-5"><a href="#cb17-5"></a></span>
<span id="cb17-6"><a href="#cb17-6"></a>my_model <span class="op">=</span> load_checkpoint_and_dispatch(</span>
<span id="cb17-7"><a href="#cb17-7"></a>    my_model, <span class="st">"sharded-weights"</span>, device_map<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">"auto"</span></span>
<span id="cb17-8"><a href="#cb17-8"></a>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<p><code>device_map="auto"</code> will tell 🤗 Accelerate that it should determine where to put each layer of the model:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>Maximum space on the GPU(s)</li>
<li>Maximum space on the CPU(s)</li>
<li>Utilize disk space through memory-mapped tensors</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="big-model-inference-put-together" class="slide level2">
<h2>Big Model Inference Put Together</h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb18"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb18-1"><a href="#cb18-1"></a><span class="im">from</span> accelerate <span class="im">import</span> init_empty_weights, load_checkpoint_and_dispatch</span>
<span id="cb18-2"><a href="#cb18-2"></a></span>
<span id="cb18-3"><a href="#cb18-3"></a><span class="cf">with</span> init_empty_weights():</span>
<span id="cb18-4"><a href="#cb18-4"></a>    my_model <span class="op">=</span> ModelClass(...)</span>
<span id="cb18-5"><a href="#cb18-5"></a></span>
<span id="cb18-6"><a href="#cb18-6"></a>my_model <span class="op">=</span> load_checkpoint_and_dispatch(</span>
<span id="cb18-7"><a href="#cb18-7"></a>    my_model, <span class="st">"sharded-weights"</span>, device_map<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">"auto"</span></span>
<span id="cb18-8"><a href="#cb18-8"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb18-9"><a href="#cb18-9"></a>my_model.<span class="bu">eval</span>()</span>
<span id="cb18-10"><a href="#cb18-10"></a></span>
<span id="cb18-11"><a href="#cb18-11"></a><span class="cf">for</span> batch <span class="kw">in</span> dataloader:</span>
<span id="cb18-12"><a href="#cb18-12"></a>    output <span class="op">=</span> my_model(batch)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</section>
<section id="is-there-an-easier-way" class="slide level2">
<h2>Is there an easier way?</h2>
<p>The <code>transformers</code> library combined with the Hub makes all this code wrapping much easier for you with the <code>pipeline</code></p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb19"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource python number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb19-1"><a href="#cb19-1"></a><span class="im">import</span> torch</span>
<span id="cb19-2"><a href="#cb19-2"></a><span class="im">from</span> transformers <span class="im">import</span> pipeline</span>
<span id="cb19-3"><a href="#cb19-3"></a>pipe <span class="op">=</span> pipeline(</span>
<span id="cb19-4"><a href="#cb19-4"></a>    task<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">"text-generation"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb19-5"><a href="#cb19-5"></a>    model<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">"EleutherAI/gpt-j-6B"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb19-6"><a href="#cb19-6"></a>    device_map<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">"auto"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb19-7"><a href="#cb19-7"></a>    torch_dtype<span class="op">=</span>torch.float16</span>
<span id="cb19-8"><a href="#cb19-8"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb19-9"><a href="#cb19-9"></a></span>
<span id="cb19-10"><a href="#cb19-10"></a>text <span class="op">=</span> pipe(<span class="st">"This is some generated text, I think"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</section></section>
<section>
<section id="what-about-stable-diffusion" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>What about Stable Diffusion?</h1>
<p>A demo with <code>diffusers</code></p>
</section>
<section id="some-handy-resources" class="slide level2">
<h2>Some Handy Resources</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://hf.co/docs/accelerate">🤗 Accelerate documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/accelerate/basic_tutorials/launch">Launching distributed code</a></li>
<li><a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/accelerate/basic_tutorials/notebook">Distributed code and Jupyter Notebooks</a></li>
<li><a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/accelerate/basic_tutorials/migration">Migrating to 🤗 Accelerate easily</a></li>
<li><a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/accelerate/usage_guides/big_modeling">Big Model Inference tutorial</a></li>
<li><a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/accelerate/usage_guides/deepspeed">DeepSpeed and 🤗 Accelerate</a></li>
<li><a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/accelerate/usage_guides/fsdp">Fully Sharded Data Parallelism and 🤗 Accelerate</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="footer footer-default">

</div>
</section></section>

    </div>
  </div>

  <script>window.backupDefine = window.define; window.define = undefined;</script>
  <script src="Accelerate_files/libs/revealjs/dist/reveal.js"></script>
  <!-- reveal.js plugins -->
  <script src="Accelerate_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/quarto-line-highlight/line-highlight.js"></script>
  <script src="Accelerate_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/pdf-export/pdfexport.js"></script>
  <script src="Accelerate_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/reveal-menu/menu.js"></script>
  <script src="Accelerate_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/reveal-menu/quarto-menu.js"></script>
  <script src="Accelerate_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/quarto-support/support.js"></script>
  

  <script src="Accelerate_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/notes/notes.js"></script>
  <script src="Accelerate_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/search/search.js"></script>
  <script src="Accelerate_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/zoom/zoom.js"></script>
  <script src="Accelerate_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/math/math.js"></script>
  <script>window.define = window.backupDefine; window.backupDefine = undefined;</script>

  <script>

      // Full list of configuration options available at:
      // https://revealjs.com/config/
      Reveal.initialize({
'controlsAuto': true,
'previewLinksAuto': false,
'smaller': false,
'pdfSeparateFragments': false,
'autoAnimateEasing': "ease",
'autoAnimateDuration': 1,
'autoAnimateUnmatched': true,
'menu': {"side":"left","useTextContentForMissingTitles":true,"markers":false,"loadIcons":false,"custom":[{"title":"Tools","icon":"<i class=\"fas fa-gear\"></i>","content":"<ul class=\"slide-menu-items\">\n<li class=\"slide-tool-item active\" data-item=\"0\"><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"RevealMenuToolHandlers.fullscreen(event)\"><kbd>f</kbd> Fullscreen</a></li>\n<li class=\"slide-tool-item\" data-item=\"1\"><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"RevealMenuToolHandlers.speakerMode(event)\"><kbd>s</kbd> Speaker View</a></li>\n<li class=\"slide-tool-item\" data-item=\"2\"><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"RevealMenuToolHandlers.overview(event)\"><kbd>o</kbd> Slide Overview</a></li>\n<li class=\"slide-tool-item\" data-item=\"3\"><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"RevealMenuToolHandlers.overview(event)\"><kbd>e</kbd> PDF Export Mode</a></li>\n<li class=\"slide-tool-item\" data-item=\"4\"><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"RevealMenuToolHandlers.keyboardHelp(event)\"><kbd>?</kbd> Keyboard Help</a></li>\n</ul>"}],"openButton":true},
'smaller': false,
 
        // Display controls in the bottom right corner
        controls: false,

        // Help the user learn the controls by providing hints, for example by
        // bouncing the down arrow when they first encounter a vertical slide
        controlsTutorial: false,

        // Determines where controls appear, "edges" or "bottom-right"
        controlsLayout: 'edges',

        // Visibility rule for backwards navigation arrows; "faded", "hidden"
        // or "visible"
        controlsBackArrows: 'faded',

        // Display a presentation progress bar
        progress: true,

        // Display the page number of the current slide
        slideNumber: false,

        // 'all', 'print', or 'speaker'
        showSlideNumber: 'all',

        // Add the current slide number to the URL hash so that reloading the
        // page/copying the URL will return you to the same slide
        hash: true,

        // Start with 1 for the hash rather than 0
        hashOneBasedIndex: false,

        // Flags if we should monitor the hash and change slides accordingly
        respondToHashChanges: true,

        // Push each slide change to the browser history
        history: true,

        // Enable keyboard shortcuts for navigation
        keyboard: true,

        // Enable the slide overview mode
        overview: true,

        // Disables the default reveal.js slide layout (scaling and centering)
        // so that you can use custom CSS layout
        disableLayout: false,

        // Vertical centering of slides
        center: false,

        // Enables touch navigation on devices with touch input
        touch: true,

        // Loop the presentation
        loop: false,

        // Change the presentation direction to be RTL
        rtl: false,

        // see https://revealjs.com/vertical-slides/#navigation-mode
        navigationMode: 'linear',

        // Randomizes the order of slides each time the presentation loads
        shuffle: false,

        // Turns fragments on and off globally
        fragments: true,

        // Flags whether to include the current fragment in the URL,
        // so that reloading brings you to the same fragment position
        fragmentInURL: false,

        // Flags if the presentation is running in an embedded mode,
        // i.e. contained within a limited portion of the screen
        embedded: false,

        // Flags if we should show a help overlay when the questionmark
        // key is pressed
        help: true,

        // Flags if it should be possible to pause the presentation (blackout)
        pause: true,

        // Flags if speaker notes should be visible to all viewers
        showNotes: false,

        // Global override for autoplaying embedded media (null/true/false)
        autoPlayMedia: null,

        // Global override for preloading lazy-loaded iframes (null/true/false)
        preloadIframes: null,

        // Number of milliseconds between automatically proceeding to the
        // next slide, disabled when set to 0, this value can be overwritten
        // by using a data-autoslide attribute on your slides
        autoSlide: 0,

        // Stop auto-sliding after user input
        autoSlideStoppable: true,

        // Use this method for navigation when auto-sliding
        autoSlideMethod: null,

        // Specify the average time in seconds that you think you will spend
        // presenting each slide. This is used to show a pacing timer in the
        // speaker view
        defaultTiming: null,

        // Enable slide navigation via mouse wheel
        mouseWheel: false,

        // The display mode that will be used to show slides
        display: 'block',

        // Hide cursor if inactive
        hideInactiveCursor: true,

        // Time before the cursor is hidden (in ms)
        hideCursorTime: 5000,

        // Opens links in an iframe preview overlay
        previewLinks: false,

        // Transition style (none/fade/slide/convex/concave/zoom)
        transition: 'none',

        // Transition speed (default/fast/slow)
        transitionSpeed: 'default',

        // Transition style for full page slide backgrounds
        // (none/fade/slide/convex/concave/zoom)
        backgroundTransition: 'none',

        // Number of slides away from the current that are visible
        viewDistance: 3,

        // Number of slides away from the current that are visible on mobile
        // devices. It is advisable to set this to a lower number than
        // viewDistance in order to save resources.
        mobileViewDistance: 2,

        // The "normal" size of the presentation, aspect ratio will be preserved
        // when the presentation is scaled to fit different resolutions. Can be
        // specified using percentage units.
        width: 1050,

        height: 700,

        // Factor of the display size that should remain empty around the content
        margin: 0.1,

        math: {
          mathjax: 'https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/MathJax.js',
          config: 'TeX-AMS_HTML-full',
          tex2jax: {
            inlineMath: [['\\(','\\)']],
            displayMath: [['\\[','\\]']],
            balanceBraces: true,
            processEscapes: false,
            processRefs: true,
            processEnvironments: true,
            preview: 'TeX',
            skipTags: ['script','noscript','style','textarea','pre','code'],
            ignoreClass: 'tex2jax_ignore',
            processClass: 'tex2jax_process'
          },
        },

        // reveal.js plugins
        plugins: [QuartoLineHighlight, PdfExport, RevealMenu, QuartoSupport,

          RevealMath,
          RevealNotes,
          RevealSearch,
          RevealZoom
        ]
      });
    </script>
    <script id="quarto-html-after-body" type="application/javascript">
    window.document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function (event) {
      const toggleBodyColorMode = (bsSheetEl) => {
        const mode = bsSheetEl.getAttribute("data-mode");
        const bodyEl = window.document.querySelector("body");
        if (mode === "dark") {
          bodyEl.classList.add("quarto-dark");
          bodyEl.classList.remove("quarto-light");
        } else {
          bodyEl.classList.add("quarto-light");
          bodyEl.classList.remove("quarto-dark");
        }
      }
      const toggleBodyColorPrimary = () => {
        const bsSheetEl = window.document.querySelector("link#quarto-bootstrap");
        if (bsSheetEl) {
          toggleBodyColorMode(bsSheetEl);
        }
      }
      toggleBodyColorPrimary();  
      const tabsets =  window.document.querySelectorAll(".panel-tabset-tabby")
      tabsets.forEach(function(tabset) {
        const tabby = new Tabby('#' + tabset.id);
      });
      const clipboard = new window.ClipboardJS('.code-copy-button', {
        target: function(trigger) {
          return trigger.previousElementSibling;
        }
      });
      clipboard.on('success', function(e) {
        // button target
        const button = e.trigger;
        // don't keep focus
        button.blur();
        // flash "checked"
        button.classList.add('code-copy-button-checked');
        var currentTitle = button.getAttribute("title");
        button.setAttribute("title", "Copied!");
        let tooltip;
        if (window.bootstrap) {
          button.setAttribute("data-bs-toggle", "tooltip");
          button.setAttribute("data-bs-placement", "left");
          button.setAttribute("data-bs-title", "Copied!");
          tooltip = new bootstrap.Tooltip(button, 
            { trigger: "manual", 
              customClass: "code-copy-button-tooltip",
              offset: [0, -8]});
          tooltip.show();    
        }
        setTimeout(function() {
          if (tooltip) {
            tooltip.hide();
            button.removeAttribute("data-bs-title");
            button.removeAttribute("data-bs-toggle");
            button.removeAttribute("data-bs-placement");
          }
          button.setAttribute("title", currentTitle);
          button.classList.remove('code-copy-button-checked');
        }, 1000);
        // clear code selection
        e.clearSelection();
      });
      function tippyHover(el, contentFn) {
        const config = {
          allowHTML: true,
          content: contentFn,
          maxWidth: 500,
          delay: 100,
          arrow: false,
          appendTo: function(el) {
              return el.closest('section.slide') || el.parentElement;
          },
          interactive: true,
          interactiveBorder: 10,
          theme: 'quarto-reveal',
          placement: 'bottom-start'
        };
          config['offset'] = [0,0];
          config['maxWidth'] = 700;
        window.tippy(el, config); 
      }
      const noterefs = window.document.querySelectorAll('a[role="doc-noteref"]');
      for (var i=0; i<noterefs.length; i++) {
        const ref = noterefs[i];
        tippyHover(ref, function() {
          // use id or data attribute instead here
          let href = ref.getAttribute('data-footnote-href') || ref.getAttribute('href');
          try { href = new URL(href).hash; } catch {}
          const id = href.replace(/^#\/?/, "");
          const note = window.document.getElementById(id);
          return note.innerHTML;
        });
      }
      const findCites = (el) => {
        const parentEl = el.parentElement;
        if (parentEl) {
          const cites = parentEl.dataset.cites;
          if (cites) {
            return {
              el,
              cites: cites.split(' ')
            };
          } else {
            return findCites(el.parentElement)
          }
        } else {
          return undefined;
        }
      };
      var bibliorefs = window.document.querySelectorAll('a[role="doc-biblioref"]');
      for (var i=0; i<bibliorefs.length; i++) {
        const ref = bibliorefs[i];
        const citeInfo = findCites(ref);
        if (citeInfo) {
          tippyHover(citeInfo.el, function() {
            var popup = window.document.createElement('div');
            citeInfo.cites.forEach(function(cite) {
              var citeDiv = window.document.createElement('div');
              citeDiv.classList.add('hanging-indent');
              citeDiv.classList.add('csl-entry');
              var biblioDiv = window.document.getElementById('ref-' + cite);
              if (biblioDiv) {
                citeDiv.innerHTML = biblioDiv.innerHTML;
              }
              popup.appendChild(citeDiv);
            });
            return popup.innerHTML;
          });
        }
      }
    });
    </script>
    

</body></html>