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## BigVGAN: A Universal Neural Vocoder with Large-Scale Training
#### Sang-gil Lee, Wei Ping, Boris Ginsburg, Bryan Catanzaro, Sungroh Yoon

<center><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/15963413/218609148-881e39df-33af-4af9-ab95-1427c4ebf062.png" width="800"></center>


### [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.04658) &emsp; [Project page](https://research.nvidia.com/labs/adlr/projects/bigvgan/) &emsp; [Audio demo](https://bigvgan-demo.github.io/)

## News
[Jul 2024] We release BigVGAN-v2 along with pretrained checkpoints. Below are the highlights:
* Custom CUDA kernel for inference: we provide a fused upsampling + activation kernel written in CUDA for accelerated inference speed. Our test shows 1.5 - 3x faster speed on a single A100 GPU. 
* Improved discriminator and loss: BigVGAN-v2 is trained using a [multi-scale sub-band CQT discriminator](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.14957) and a [multi-scale mel spectrogram loss](https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.06546).
* Larger training data: BigVGAN-v2 is trained using datasets containing diverse audio types, including speech in multiple languages, environmental sounds, and instruments.
* We provide pretrained checkpoints of BigVGAN-v2 using diverse audio configurations, supporting up to 44 kHz sampling rate and 512x upsampling ratio.

## Installation
The codebase has been tested on Python `3.10` and PyTorch `2.3.1` conda packages with either `pytorch-cuda=12.1` or `pytorch-cuda=11.8`. Below is an example command to create the conda environment:
```shell
conda create -n bigvgan python=3.10 pytorch torchvision torchaudio pytorch-cuda=12.1 -c pytorch -c nvidia
conda activate bigvgan
```

Clone the repository and install dependencies:
```shell
git clone https://github.com/NVIDIA/BigVGAN
cd BigVGAN
pip install -r requirements.txt
```



Create symbolic link to the root of the dataset. The codebase uses filelist with the relative path from the dataset. Below are the example commands for LibriTTS dataset:
``` shell
cd LibriTTS && \
ln -s /path/to/your/LibriTTS/train-clean-100 train-clean-100 && \
ln -s /path/to/your/LibriTTS/train-clean-360 train-clean-360 && \
ln -s /path/to/your/LibriTTS/train-other-500 train-other-500 && \
ln -s /path/to/your/LibriTTS/dev-clean dev-clean && \
ln -s /path/to/your/LibriTTS/dev-other dev-other && \
ln -s /path/to/your/LibriTTS/test-clean test-clean && \
ln -s /path/to/your/LibriTTS/test-other test-other && \
cd ..
```

## Training
Train BigVGAN model. Below is an example command for training BigVGAN-v2 using LibriTTS dataset at 24kHz with a full 100-band mel spectrogram as input:
```shell
python train.py \
--config configs/bigvgan_v2_24khz_100band_256x.json \
--input_wavs_dir LibriTTS \
--input_training_file LibriTTS/train-full.txt \
--input_validation_file LibriTTS/val-full.txt \
--list_input_unseen_wavs_dir LibriTTS LibriTTS \
--list_input_unseen_validation_file LibriTTS/dev-clean.txt LibriTTS/dev-other.txt \
--checkpoint_path exp/bigvgan_v2_24khz_100band_256x
```


## Synthesis
Synthesize from BigVGAN model. Below is an example command for generating audio from the model.
It computes mel spectrograms using wav files from `--input_wavs_dir` and saves the generated audio to `--output_dir`.
```shell
python inference.py \
--checkpoint_file exp/bigvgan_v2_24khz_100band_256x/g_03000000 \
--input_wavs_dir /path/to/your/input_wav \
--output_dir /path/to/your/output_wav
```

`inference_e2e.py` supports synthesis directly from the mel spectrogram saved in `.npy` format, with shapes `[1, channel, frame]` or `[channel, frame]`.
It loads mel spectrograms from `--input_mels_dir` and saves the generated audio to `--output_dir`.

Make sure that the STFT hyperparameters for mel spectrogram are the same as the model, which are defined in `config.json` of the corresponding model.
```shell
python inference_e2e.py \
--checkpoint_file exp/bigvgan_v2_24khz_100band_256x/g_03000000 \
--input_mels_dir /path/to/your/input_mel \
--output_dir /path/to/your/output_wav
```

## Using Custom CUDA Kernel for Synthesis
You can apply the fast CUDA inference kernel by using a parameter `use_cuda_kernel` when instantiating BigVGAN:

```python
generator = BigVGAN(h, use_cuda_kernel=True)
```

You can also pass `--use_cuda_kernel` to `inference.py` and `inference_e2e.py` to enable this feature.

When applied for the first time, it builds the kernel using `nvcc` and `ninja`. If the build succeeds, the kernel is saved to `alias_free_cuda/build` and the model automatically loads the kernel. The codebase has been tested using CUDA `12.1`.

Please make sure that both are installed in your system and `nvcc` installed in your system matches the version your PyTorch build is using.

We recommend running `test_cuda_vs_torch_model.py` first to build and check the correctness of the CUDA kernel. See below example command and its output, where it returns `[Success] test CUDA fused vs. plain torch BigVGAN inference`:

```python
python test_cuda_vs_torch_model.py \
--checkpoint_file /path/to/your/bigvgan/g_03000000
```

```shell
loading plain Pytorch BigVGAN
...
loading CUDA kernel BigVGAN with auto-build
Detected CUDA files, patching ldflags
Emitting ninja build file /path/to/your/BigVGAN/alias_free_cuda/build/build.ninja...
Building extension module anti_alias_activation_cuda...
...
Loading extension module anti_alias_activation_cuda...
...
Loading '/path/to/your/bigvgan/g_03000000'
...
[Success] test CUDA fused vs. plain torch BigVGAN inference
 > mean_difference=0.0007238413265440613
...
```

If you see `[Fail] test CUDA fused vs. plain torch BigVGAN inference`, it means that the CUDA kernel inference is incorrect. Please check if `nvcc` installed in your system is compatible with your PyTorch version.


## Pretrained Models
We provide the [pretrained models](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1L2RDeJMBE7QAI8qV51n0QAf4mkSgUUeE?usp=sharing).
One can download the checkpoints of the generator weight (e.g., `g_(training_steps)`) and its discriminator/optimizer states (e.g., `do_(training_steps)`) within the listed folders.

|Folder Name|Sampling Rate|Mel band|fmax|Upsampling Ratio|Params.|Dataset|Fine-Tuned|
|------|---|---|---|---|---|------|---|
|bigvgan_v2_44khz_128band_512x|44 kHz|128|22050|512|122M|Large-scale Compilation|No|
|bigvgan_v2_44khz_128band_256x|44 kHz|128|22050|256|112M|Large-scale Compilation|No|
|bigvgan_v2_24khz_100band_256x|24 kHz|100|12000|256|112M|Large-scale Compilation|No|
|bigvgan_v2_22khz_80band_256x|22 kHz|80|11025|256|112M|Large-scale Compilation|No|
|bigvgan_v2_22khz_80band_fmax8k_256x|22 kHz|80|8000|256|112M|Large-scale Compilation|No|
|bigvgan_24khz_100band|24 kHz|100|12000|256|112M|LibriTTS|No|
|bigvgan_base_24khz_100band|24 kHz|100|12000|256|14M|LibriTTS|No|
|bigvgan_22khz_80band|22 kHz|80|8000|256|112M|LibriTTS + VCTK + LJSpeech|No|
|bigvgan_base_22khz_80band|22 kHz|80|8000|256|14M|LibriTTS + VCTK + LJSpeech|No|

The paper results are based on the original 24kHz BigVGAN models (`bigvgan_24khz_100band` and `bigvgan_base_24khz_100band`) trained on LibriTTS dataset.
We also provide 22kHz BigVGAN models with band-limited setup (i.e., fmax=8000) for TTS applications.
Note that the checkpoints use ``snakebeta`` activation with log scale parameterization, which have the best overall quality.

You can fine-tune the models by downloading the checkpoints (both the generator weight and its discrimiantor/optimizer states) and resuming training using your audio dataset.

## Training Details of BigVGAN-v2
Comapred to the original BigVGAN, the pretrained checkpoints of BigVGAN-v2 used `batch_size=32` with a longer `segment_size=65536` and are trained using 8 A100 GPUs.

Note that the BigVGAN-v2 `json` config files in `./configs` use `batch_size=4` as default to fit in a single A100 GPU for training. You can fine-tune the models adjusting `batch_size` depending on your GPUs.

When training BigVGAN-v2 from scratch with small batch size, it can potentially encounter the early divergence problem mentioned in the paper. In such case, we recommend lowering the `clip_grad_norm` value (e.g. `100`) for the early training iterations (e.g. 20000 steps) and increase the value to the default `500`.

## Evaluation Results of BigVGAN-v2
Below are the objective results of the 24kHz model (`bigvgan_v2_24khz_100band_256x`) obtained from the LibriTTS `dev` sets. BigVGAN-v2 shows noticeable improvements of the metrics. The model also exhibits reduced perceptual artifacts, especially for non-speech audio.

|Model|Dataset|Steps|PESQ(↑)|M-STFT(↓)|MCD(↓)|Periodicity(↓)|V/UV F1(↑)|
|-------|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
|BigVGAN|LibriTTS|1M|4.027|0.7997|0.3745|0.1018|0.9598|
|BigVGAN|LibriTTS|5M|4.256|0.7409|0.2988|0.0809|0.9698|
|BigVGAN-v2|Large-scale Compilation|3M|**4.359**|**0.7134**|0.3060|**0.0621**|**0.9777**|

## Acknowledgements
We thank Vijay Anand Korthikanti and Kevin J. Shih for their generous support in implementing the CUDA kernel for inference.

## References
* [HiFi-GAN](https://github.com/jik876/hifi-gan) (for generator and multi-period discriminator)
* [Snake](https://github.com/EdwardDixon/snake) (for periodic activation)
* [Alias-free-torch](https://github.com/junjun3518/alias-free-torch) (for anti-aliasing)
* [Julius](https://github.com/adefossez/julius) (for low-pass filter)
* [UnivNet](https://github.com/mindslab-ai/univnet) (for multi-resolution discriminator)
* [descript-audio-codec](https://github.com/descriptinc/descript-audio-codec) and [vocos](https://github.com/gemelo-ai/vocos) (for multi-band multi-scale STFT discriminator and multi-scale mel spectrogram loss)
* [Amphion](https://github.com/open-mmlab/Amphion) (for multi-scale sub-band CQT discriminator)