App_Function_Libraries/Web_Scraping/Article_Extractor_Lib.py

# Article_Extractor_Lib.py
#########################################
# Article Extraction Library
# This library is used to handle scraping and extraction of articles from web pages.
#
####################
# Function List
#
# 1. get_page_title(url)
# 2. get_article_text(url)
# 3. get_article_title(article_url_arg)
#
####################
#
# Import necessary libraries
import logging
# 3rd-Party Imports
import asyncio
import os
import tempfile
from datetime import datetime
from typing import List, Dict
from urllib.parse import urljoin, urlparse
from xml.dom import minidom
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import trafilatura
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET


# Import Local
#
#######################################################################################################################
# Function Definitions
#

def get_page_title(url: str) -> str:
    try:
        response = requests.get(url)
        response.raise_for_status()
        soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
        title_tag = soup.find('title')
        return title_tag.string.strip() if title_tag else "Untitled"
    except requests.RequestException as e:
        logging.error(f"Error fetching page title: {e}")
        return "Untitled"


async def scrape_article(url):
    async def fetch_html(url: str) -> str:
        async with async_playwright() as p:
            browser = await p.chromium.launch(headless=True)
            context = await browser.new_context(
                user_agent="Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3")
            page = await context.new_page()
            await page.goto(url)
            await page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")  # Wait for the network to be idle
            content = await page.content()
            await browser.close()
            return content

    # FIXME - Add option for extracting comments/tables/images
    def extract_article_data(html: str, url: str) -> dict:
        downloaded = trafilatura.extract(html, include_comments=False, include_tables=False, include_images=False)
        metadata = trafilatura.extract_metadata(html)

        result = {
            'title': 'N/A',
            'author': 'N/A',
            'content': '',
            'date': 'N/A',
            'url': url,
            'extraction_successful': False
        }

        if downloaded:
            result['content'] = downloaded
            result['extraction_successful'] = True

        if metadata:
            result.update({
                'title': metadata.title if metadata.title else 'N/A',
                'author': metadata.author if metadata.author else 'N/A',
                'date': metadata.date if metadata.date else 'N/A'
            })
        else:
            logging.warning("Metadata extraction failed.")

        if not downloaded:
            logging.warning("Content extraction failed.")

        return result

    def convert_html_to_markdown(html: str) -> str:
        soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
        for para in soup.find_all('p'):
            # Add a newline at the end of each paragraph for markdown separation
            para.append('\n')
        # Use .get_text() with separator to keep paragraph separation
        return soup.get_text(separator='\n\n')

    html = await fetch_html(url)
    article_data = extract_article_data(html, url)
    if article_data['extraction_successful']:
        article_data['content'] = convert_html_to_markdown(article_data['content'])
    return article_data


def collect_internal_links(base_url: str) -> set:
    visited = set()
    to_visit = {base_url}

    while to_visit:
        current_url = to_visit.pop()
        if current_url in visited:
            continue

        try:
            response = requests.get(current_url)
            response.raise_for_status()
            soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')

            # Collect internal links
            for link in soup.find_all('a', href=True):
                full_url = urljoin(base_url, link['href'])
                # Only process links within the same domain
                if urlparse(full_url).netloc == urlparse(base_url).netloc:
                    if full_url not in visited:
                        to_visit.add(full_url)

            visited.add(current_url)
        except requests.RequestException as e:
            logging.error(f"Error visiting {current_url}: {e}")
            continue

    return visited


def generate_temp_sitemap_from_links(links: set) -> str:
    """
    Generate a temporary sitemap file from collected links and return its path.

    :param links: A set of URLs to include in the sitemap
    :return: Path to the temporary sitemap file
    """
    # Create the root element
    urlset = ET.Element("urlset")
    urlset.set("xmlns", "http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9")

    # Add each link to the sitemap
    for link in links:
        url = ET.SubElement(urlset, "url")
        loc = ET.SubElement(url, "loc")
        loc.text = link
        lastmod = ET.SubElement(url, "lastmod")
        lastmod.text = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
        changefreq = ET.SubElement(url, "changefreq")
        changefreq.text = "daily"
        priority = ET.SubElement(url, "priority")
        priority.text = "0.5"

    # Create the tree and get it as a string
    xml_string = ET.tostring(urlset, 'utf-8')

    # Pretty print the XML
    pretty_xml = minidom.parseString(xml_string).toprettyxml(indent="  ")

    # Create a temporary file
    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w", suffix=".xml", delete=False) as temp_file:
        temp_file.write(pretty_xml)
        temp_file_path = temp_file.name

    logging.info(f"Temporary sitemap created at: {temp_file_path}")
    return temp_file_path


def generate_sitemap_for_url(url: str) -> List[Dict[str, str]]:
    """
    Generate a sitemap for the given URL using the create_filtered_sitemap function.

    Args:
        url (str): The base URL to generate the sitemap for

    Returns:
        List[Dict[str, str]]: A list of dictionaries, each containing 'url' and 'title' keys
    """
    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w+", suffix=".xml", delete=False) as temp_file:
        create_filtered_sitemap(url, temp_file.name, is_content_page)
        temp_file.seek(0)
        tree = ET.parse(temp_file.name)
        root = tree.getroot()

        sitemap = []
        for url_elem in root.findall(".//{http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9}url"):
            loc = url_elem.find("{http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9}loc").text
            sitemap.append({"url": loc, "title": loc.split("/")[-1] or url})  # Use the last part of the URL as a title

    return sitemap

async def scrape_entire_site(base_url: str) -> List[Dict]:
    """
    Scrape the entire site by generating a temporary sitemap and extracting content from each page.

    :param base_url: The base URL of the site to scrape
    :return: A list of dictionaries containing scraped article data
    """
    # Step 1: Collect internal links from the site
    links = collect_internal_links(base_url)
    logging.info(f"Collected {len(links)} internal links.")

    # Step 2: Generate the temporary sitemap
    temp_sitemap_path = generate_temp_sitemap_from_links(links)

    # Step 3: Scrape each URL in the sitemap
    scraped_articles = []
    try:
        async def scrape_and_log(link):
            logging.info(f"Scraping {link} ...")
            article_data = await scrape_article(link)

            if article_data:
                logging.info(f"Title: {article_data['title']}")
                logging.info(f"Author: {article_data['author']}")
                logging.info(f"Date: {article_data['date']}")
                logging.info(f"Content: {article_data['content'][:500]}...")

                return article_data
            return None

        # Use asyncio.gather to scrape multiple articles concurrently
        scraped_articles = await asyncio.gather(*[scrape_and_log(link) for link in links])
        # Remove any None values (failed scrapes)
        scraped_articles = [article for article in scraped_articles if article is not None]

    finally:
        # Clean up the temporary sitemap file
        os.unlink(temp_sitemap_path)
        logging.info("Temporary sitemap file deleted")

    return scraped_articles


def scrape_by_url_level(base_url: str, level: int) -> list:
    """Scrape articles from URLs up to a certain level under the base URL."""

    def get_url_level(url: str) -> int:
        return len(urlparse(url).path.strip('/').split('/'))

    links = collect_internal_links(base_url)
    filtered_links = [link for link in links if get_url_level(link) <= level]

    return [article for link in filtered_links if (article := scrape_article(link))]


def scrape_from_sitemap(sitemap_url: str) -> list:
    """Scrape articles from a sitemap URL."""
    try:
        response = requests.get(sitemap_url)
        response.raise_for_status()
        root = ET.fromstring(response.content)

        return [article for url in root.findall('.//{http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9}loc')
                if (article := scrape_article(url.text))]
    except requests.RequestException as e:
        logging.error(f"Error fetching sitemap: {e}")
        return []


def convert_to_markdown(articles: list) -> str:
    """Convert a list of article data into a single markdown document."""
    markdown = ""
    for article in articles:
        markdown += f"# {article['title']}\n\n"
        markdown += f"Author: {article['author']}\n"
        markdown += f"Date: {article['date']}\n\n"
        markdown += f"{article['content']}\n\n"
        markdown += "---\n\n"  # Separator between articles
    return markdown


def is_content_page(url: str) -> bool:
    """
    Determine if a URL is likely to be a content page.
    This is a basic implementation and may need to be adjusted based on the specific website structure.

    :param url: The URL to check
    :return: True if the URL is likely a content page, False otherwise
    """
    #Add more specific checks here based on the website's structure
    # Exclude common non-content pages
    exclude_patterns = [
        '/tag/', '/category/', '/author/', '/search/', '/page/',
        'wp-content', 'wp-includes', 'wp-json', 'wp-admin',
        'login', 'register', 'cart', 'checkout', 'account',
        '.jpg', '.png', '.gif', '.pdf', '.zip'
    ]
    return not any(pattern in url.lower() for pattern in exclude_patterns)


def create_filtered_sitemap(base_url: str, output_file: str, filter_function):
    """
    Create a sitemap from internal links and filter them based on a custom function.

    :param base_url: The base URL of the website
    :param output_file: The file to save the sitemap to
    :param filter_function: A function that takes a URL and returns True if it should be included
    """
    links = collect_internal_links(base_url)
    filtered_links = set(filter(filter_function, links))

    root = ET.Element("urlset")
    root.set("xmlns", "http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9")

    for link in filtered_links:
        url = ET.SubElement(root, "url")
        loc = ET.SubElement(url, "loc")
        loc.text = link

    tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
    tree.write(output_file, encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)
    print(f"Filtered sitemap saved to {output_file}")


def scrape_from_filtered_sitemap(sitemap_file: str, filter_function) -> list:
    """
    Scrape articles from a sitemap file, applying an additional filter function.

    :param sitemap_file: Path to the sitemap file
    :param filter_function: A function that takes a URL and returns True if it should be scraped
    :return: List of scraped articles
    """
    try:
        tree = ET.parse(sitemap_file)
        root = tree.getroot()

        articles = []
        for url in root.findall('.//{http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9}loc'):
            if filter_function(url.text):
                article_data = scrape_article(url.text)
                if article_data:
                    articles.append(article_data)

        return articles
    except ET.ParseError as e:
        logging.error(f"Error parsing sitemap: {e}")
        return []


def scrape_and_convert_with_filter(source: str, output_file: str, filter_function=is_content_page, level: int = None):
    """
    Scrape articles from a sitemap or by URL level, apply filtering, and convert to a single markdown file.

    :param source: URL of the sitemap, base URL for level-based scraping, or path to a local sitemap file
    :param output_file: Path to save the output markdown file
    :param filter_function: Function to filter URLs (default is is_content_page)
    :param level: URL level for scraping (None if using sitemap)
    """
    if level is not None:
        # Scraping by URL level
        articles = scrape_by_url_level(source, level)
        articles = [article for article in articles if filter_function(article['url'])]
    elif source.startswith('http'):
        # Scraping from online sitemap
        articles = scrape_from_sitemap(source)
        articles = [article for article in articles if filter_function(article['url'])]
    else:
        # Scraping from local sitemap file
        articles = scrape_from_filtered_sitemap(source, filter_function)

    articles = [article for article in articles if filter_function(article['url'])]
    markdown_content = convert_to_markdown(articles)

    with open(output_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        f.write(markdown_content)

    logging.info(f"Scraped and filtered content saved to {output_file}")

#
#
#######################################################################################################################